Split (3)

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A proficiency in understanding, applying, and even formulating statutes—the actual texts of laws enacted by legislative bodies—is a vital aspect of the practice of law, but statutory law is often given too little attention by law schools. Much of legal education, with its focus on judicial decisions and analysis of cas...	200912_4-RC_2_13	[ "What are some ways in which synthetic skills are strengthened or encouraged through the analysis of cases and judicial decisions?", "In which areas of legal practice is a proficiency in case analysis more valuable than a proficiency in statutory law?", "What skills are common to the study of both statutory law...	4	Which one of the following questions can be most clearly and directly answered by reference to information in the passage?
A proficiency in understanding, applying, and even formulating statutes—the actual texts of laws enacted by legislative bodies—is a vital aspect of the practice of law, but statutory law is often given too little attention by law schools. Much of legal education, with its focus on judicial decisions and analysis of cas...	200912_4-RC_2_14	[ "While nationally oriented law schools have been deficient in statutory law training, most regionally oriented law schools have been equally deficient in the teaching of case law.", "Training in statutory law would help lawyers resolve legal questions for which the answers are not immediately apparent in the rele...	1	The information in the passage suggests that the author would most likely agree with which one of the following statements regarding training in statutory law?
A proficiency in understanding, applying, and even formulating statutes—the actual texts of laws enacted by legislative bodies—is a vital aspect of the practice of law, but statutory law is often given too little attention by law schools. Much of legal education, with its focus on judicial decisions and analysis of cas...	200912_4-RC_2_15	[ "skill in locating references to court decisions on an issue involving a particular statute regarding taxation", "an understanding of the ways in which certain underlying purposes are served by an interrelated group of environmental laws", "a knowledge of how maritime statutes are formulated", "familiarity wi...	0	Each of the following conforms to the kinds of educational results that the author would expect from the course of action proposed in the passage EXCEPT:
The Japanese American sculptor Isamu Noguchi (1904–1988) was an artist who intuitively asked—and responded to—deeply original questions. He might well have become a scientist within a standard scientific discipline, but he instead became an artist who repeatedly veered off at wide angles from the well-known courses fol...	200912_4-RC_3_16	[ "a metal that can be made moderately reflective in any sculptural application and metals that can be made highly reflective but only in certain applications", "a naturally highly reflective metal that was technically suited for sculpture and other highly reflective metals that were not so suited", "metals that ...	2	In saying that "no metals, other than the expensive, nonoxidizing gold, could be relied upon to give off positive-light reflections" (lines 25–27), the author draws a distinction between
The Japanese American sculptor Isamu Noguchi (1904–1988) was an artist who intuitively asked—and responded to—deeply original questions. He might well have become a scientist within a standard scientific discipline, but he instead became an artist who repeatedly veered off at wide angles from the well-known courses fol...	200912_4-RC_3_17	[ "In what way did Noguchi first begin to acquire experience in the cutting and polishing of stone for use in sculpture?", "In the course of his career, did Noguchi ever work in any art form other than sculpture?", "What are some materials other than metal that Noguchi used in his sculptures after ending his asso...	3	The passage provides information sufficient to answer which one of the following questions?
The Japanese American sculptor Isamu Noguchi (1904–1988) was an artist who intuitively asked—and responded to—deeply original questions. He might well have become a scientist within a standard scientific discipline, but he instead became an artist who repeatedly veered off at wide angles from the well-known courses fol...	200912_4-RC_3_18	[ "Noguchi's work in Paris contributed significantly to the art of sculpture in that it embodied solutions to problems that other sculptors, including Brancusi, had sought unsuccessfully to overcome.", "Noguchi's scientific approach to designing sculptures and to selecting materials for sculptures is especially rem...	3	The passage offers the strongest evidence that the author would agree with which one of the following statements?
The Japanese American sculptor Isamu Noguchi (1904–1988) was an artist who intuitively asked—and responded to—deeply original questions. He might well have become a scientist within a standard scientific discipline, but he instead became an artist who repeatedly veered off at wide angles from the well-known courses fol...	200912_4-RC_3_19	[ "A building-materials dealer decides to market a new type of especially durable simulated-wood flooring material after learning that a famous architect has praised the material.", "An expert skier begins experimenting with the use of a new type of material in the soles of ski boots after a shoe manufacturer sugge...	2	In which one of the following is the relation between the two people most analogous to the relation between Ford and Noguchi as indicated by the passage?
The Japanese American sculptor Isamu Noguchi (1904–1988) was an artist who intuitively asked—and responded to—deeply original questions. He might well have become a scientist within a standard scientific discipline, but he instead became an artist who repeatedly veered off at wide angles from the well-known courses fol...	200912_4-RC_3_20	[ "Prior to suggesting the sculptural use of chrome-nickel steel to Noguchi, Fuller himself had made architectural designs that called for the use of this material.", "Noguchi believed that the use of industrial materials to create sculptures would make the sculptures more commercially viable.", "Noguchi's \"invi...	4	The passage most strongly supports which one of the following inferences?
The Japanese American sculptor Isamu Noguchi (1904–1988) was an artist who intuitively asked—and responded to—deeply original questions. He might well have become a scientist within a standard scientific discipline, but he instead became an artist who repeatedly veered off at wide angles from the well-known courses fol...	200912_4-RC_3_21	[ "The material that Noguchi used in it had been tentatively investigated by other sculptors but not in direct connection with its reflective properties.", "It was similar to at least some of the sculptures that Noguchi produced prior to 1927 in that it represented a human form.", "Noguchi did not initially think...	1	Which one of the following inferences about the portrait of Fuller does the passage most strongly support?
The Japanese American sculptor Isamu Noguchi (1904–1988) was an artist who intuitively asked—and responded to—deeply original questions. He might well have become a scientist within a standard scientific discipline, but he instead became an artist who repeatedly veered off at wide angles from the well-known courses fol...	200912_4-RC_3_22	[ "Between 1927 and 1929, Brancusi experimented with the use of highly reflective material for the creation of positive-light sculptures.", "After completing the portrait of Fuller, Noguchi produced only a few positive-light sculptures and in fact changed his style of sculpture repeatedly throughout his career.", ...	0	Which one of the following would, if true, most weaken the author's position in the passage?
In an experiment, two strangers are given the opportunity to share $100, subject to the following constraints: One person—the "proposer" —is to suggest how to divide the money and can make only one such proposal. The other person—the "responder" — must either accept or reject the offer without qualification. Both parti...	200912_4-RC_4_23	[ "Contrary to a traditional assumption of theoretical economics, the behavior of participants in the Ultimatum Game demonstrates that people do not make economic decisions out of rational self-interest.", "Although the reactions most commonly displayed by participants in the Ultimatum Game appear to conflict with ...	1	Which one of the following most accurately summarizes the main idea of the passage?
In an experiment, two strangers are given the opportunity to share $100, subject to the following constraints: One person—the "proposer" —is to suggest how to divide the money and can make only one such proposal. The other person—the "responder" — must either accept or reject the offer without qualification. Both parti...	200912_4-RC_4_24	[ "one that requires two strangers to develop trust in each other", "responsible for overturning a basic assumption of theoretical economics", "a situation that elicits unpredictable results", "a type of one-shot, anonymous interaction", "proof that our emotional apparatus has been shaped by millions of years...	3	The passage implies that the Ultimatum Game is
In an experiment, two strangers are given the opportunity to share $100, subject to the following constraints: One person—the "proposer" —is to suggest how to divide the money and can make only one such proposal. The other person—the "responder" — must either accept or reject the offer without qualification. Both parti...	200912_4-RC_4_25	[ "survey existing interpretations of the puzzling results of an experiment", "show how two theories that attempt to explain the puzzling results of an experiment complement each other", "argue that the results of an experiment, while puzzling, are valid", "offer a plausible explanation for the puzzling results...	3	The author's primary purpose in the passage is to
In an experiment, two strangers are given the opportunity to share $100, subject to the following constraints: One person—the "proposer" —is to suggest how to divide the money and can make only one such proposal. The other person—the "responder" — must either accept or reject the offer without qualification. Both parti...	200912_4-RC_4_26	[ "Contrary to the assumptions of theoretical economics, human beings do not act primarily out of self-interest.", "Unfortunately, one-time, anonymous interactions are becoming increasingly common in contemporary society.", "The instinctive urge to acquire a favorable reputation may also help to explain the desir...	2	Which one of the following sentences would most logically conclude the final paragraph of the passage?
In an experiment, two strangers are given the opportunity to share $100, subject to the following constraints: One person—the "proposer" —is to suggest how to divide the money and can make only one such proposal. The other person—the "responder" — must either accept or reject the offer without qualification. Both parti...	200912_4-RC_4_27	[ "our prehistoric ancestors often belonged to large groups of more than a hundred people", "in many prehistoric cultures, there were hierarchies within groups that dictated which allocations of goods were to be considered fair and which were not", "it is just as difficult to keep secrets in relatively large soci...	3	In the context of the passage, the author would be most likely to consider the explanation in the third paragraph more favorably if it were shown that
Over the past 50 years, expansive, low-density communities have proliferated at the edges of many cities in the United States and Canada, creating a phenomenon known as suburban sprawl. Andres Duany, Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk, and Jeff Speck, a group of prominent town planners belonging to a movement called New Urbanism,...	201006_4-RC_1_1	[ "In their critique of policies that promote suburban sprawl, the New Urbanists neglect to consider the interests and values of those who prefer suburban lifestyles.", "The New Urbanists hold that suburban sprawl inhibits social interaction among people of diverse economic circumstances, and they advocate specific...	3	Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main point of the passage?
Over the past 50 years, expansive, low-density communities have proliferated at the edges of many cities in the United States and Canada, creating a phenomenon known as suburban sprawl. Andres Duany, Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk, and Jeff Speck, a group of prominent town planners belonging to a movement called New Urbanism,...	201006_4-RC_1_2	[ "It imposes an extra financial burden on the residents of sprawling suburbs, thus detracting from the advantages of suburban life.", "It detracts from the amount of time that people could otherwise devote to productive employment.", "It increases the amount of time people spend in situations in which antisocial...	2	According to the passage, the New Urbanists cite which one of the following as a detrimental result of the need for people to travel extensively every day by automobile?
Over the past 50 years, expansive, low-density communities have proliferated at the edges of many cities in the United States and Canada, creating a phenomenon known as suburban sprawl. Andres Duany, Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk, and Jeff Speck, a group of prominent town planners belonging to a movement called New Urbanism,...	201006_4-RC_1_3	[ "The primary factor affecting a neighborhood's conduciveness to the maintenance of civility is the amount of time required to get from one place to another.", "Private citizens in suburbs have little opportunity to influence the long-term effects of zoning policies enacted by public officials.", "People who liv...	3	The passage most strongly suggests that the New Urbanists would agree with which one of the following statements?
Over the past 50 years, expansive, low-density communities have proliferated at the edges of many cities in the United States and Canada, creating a phenomenon known as suburban sprawl. Andres Duany, Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk, and Jeff Speck, a group of prominent town planners belonging to a movement called New Urbanism,...	201006_4-RC_1_4	[ "They are intended to be understood in almost identical ways, the only significant difference being that one is plural and the other is singular.", "The former is intended to refer to dwellings— and their inhabitants—that happen to be clustered together in particular areas; in the latter, the author means that a ...	1	Which one of the following most accurately describes the author's use of the word "communities" in line 2 and "community" in line 15?
Over the past 50 years, expansive, low-density communities have proliferated at the edges of many cities in the United States and Canada, creating a phenomenon known as suburban sprawl. Andres Duany, Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk, and Jeff Speck, a group of prominent town planners belonging to a movement called New Urbanism,...	201006_4-RC_1_5	[ "Most people who spend more time than they would like getting from one daily task to another live in central areas of large cities.", "Most people who often drive long distances for shopping and entertainment live in small towns rather than in suburban areas surrounding large cities.", "Most people who have eas...	3	Which one of the following, if true, would most weaken the position that the passage attributes to critics of the New Urbanists?
Over the past 50 years, expansive, low-density communities have proliferated at the edges of many cities in the United States and Canada, creating a phenomenon known as suburban sprawl. Andres Duany, Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk, and Jeff Speck, a group of prominent town planners belonging to a movement called New Urbanism,...	201006_4-RC_1_6	[ "The need for zoning laws to help regulate traffic flow would eventually be eliminated.", "There would be a decrease in the percentage of suburban buildings that contain two or more apartments.", "The amount of time that residents of suburbs spend traveling to the central business districts of cities for work a...	4	The passage most strongly suggests that which one of the following would occur if new housing subdivisions in suburban communities were built in accordance with the recommendations of Duany and his colleagues?
Over the past 50 years, expansive, low-density communities have proliferated at the edges of many cities in the United States and Canada, creating a phenomenon known as suburban sprawl. Andres Duany, Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk, and Jeff Speck, a group of prominent town planners belonging to a movement called New Urbanism,...	201006_4-RC_1_7	[ "Most of those who buy houses in sprawling suburbs do not pay drastically less than they can afford.", "Zoning regulations often cause economically uniform suburbs to become economically diverse.", "City dwellers who do not frequently travel in automobiles often have feelings of hostility toward motorists.", ...	0	The second paragraph most strongly supports the inference that the New Urbanists make which one of the following assumptions?
Passage A In ancient Greece, Aristotle documented the ability of foraging honeybees to recruit nestmates to a good food source. He did not speculate on how the communication occurred, but he and naturalists since then have observed that a bee that finds a new food source returns to the nest and "dances" for its nestmat...	201006_4-RC_2_8	[ "arguing that certain nonhuman animals possess human-like intelligence", "illustrating the sophistication with which certain primates communicate", "describing certain scientific studies concerned with animal communication", "airing a scientific controversy over the function of the honeybee's dance", "analy...	2	The passages have which one of the following aims in common?
Passage A In ancient Greece, Aristotle documented the ability of foraging honeybees to recruit nestmates to a good food source. He did not speculate on how the communication occurred, but he and naturalists since then have observed that a bee that finds a new food source returns to the nest and "dances" for its nestmat...	201006_4-RC_2_9	[ "Passage A is concerned solely with honeybee communication, whereas passage B is concerned with other forms of animal communication as well.", "Passage A discusses evidence adduced by scientists in support of certain claims, whereas passage B merely presents some of those claims without discussing the support tha...	0	Which one of the following statements most accurately characterizes a difference between the two passages?
Passage A In ancient Greece, Aristotle documented the ability of foraging honeybees to recruit nestmates to a good food source. He did not speculate on how the communication occurred, but he and naturalists since then have observed that a bee that finds a new food source returns to the nest and "dances" for its nestmat...	201006_4-RC_2_10	[ "When a forager honeybee does not communicate olfactory information to its nestmates, they will often disregard the forager's directions and go to sites of their own choosing.", "Forager honeybees instinctively know where pollinating flowers usually grow and will not dispatch their nestmates to any other places."...	3	Which one of the following statements is most strongly supported by Gould's research, as reported in the two passages?
Passage A In ancient Greece, Aristotle documented the ability of foraging honeybees to recruit nestmates to a good food source. He did not speculate on how the communication occurred, but he and naturalists since then have observed that a bee that finds a new food source returns to the nest and "dances" for its nestmat...	201006_4-RC_2_11	[ "Honeybees will ignore the instructions conveyed in the forager's dance if they are unable to detect odors from the food source.", "Wenner and Esch established that both sound and odor play a vital role in most honeybee communication.", "Most animal species can communicate symbolically in some form or other.", ...	3	It can be inferred from the passages that the author of passage A and the author of passage B would accept which one of the following statements?
Passage A In ancient Greece, Aristotle documented the ability of foraging honeybees to recruit nestmates to a good food source. He did not speculate on how the communication occurred, but he and naturalists since then have observed that a bee that finds a new food source returns to the nest and "dances" for its nestmat...	201006_4-RC_2_12	[ "Passage A discusses and rejects a position that is put forth in passage B.", "Passage A gives several examples of a phenomenon for which passage B gives only one example.", "Passage A is concerned in its entirety with a phenomenon that passage B discusses in support of a more general thesis.", "Passage A pro...	2	Which one of the following most accurately describes a relationship between the two passages?
Most scholars of Mexican American history mark César Chávez's unionizing efforts among Mexican and Mexican American farm laborers in California as the beginning of Chicano political activism in the 1960s. By 1965, Chávez's United Farm Workers Union gained international recognition by initiating a worldwide boycott of g...	201006_4-RC_3_13	[ "Some theater historians have begun to challenge the once widely accepted view that in creating the Teatro Campesino, Luis Valdez was largely uninfluenced by earlier historical forms.", "In crediting Luis Valdez with founding the Chicano theater movement, theater historians have neglected the role of César Chávez...	2	Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main point of the passage?
Most scholars of Mexican American history mark César Chávez's unionizing efforts among Mexican and Mexican American farm laborers in California as the beginning of Chicano political activism in the 1960s. By 1965, Chávez's United Farm Workers Union gained international recognition by initiating a worldwide boycott of g...	201006_4-RC_3_14	[ "how little physical distance there was between the performers in the late 1960s actos and their audiences", "the sense of intimacy created by the performers' technique of addressing many of their lines directly to the audience", "the ease with which the Teatro Campesino members were able to develop actos based...	4	The author uses the word "immediacy" (line 39) most likely in order to express
Most scholars of Mexican American history mark César Chávez's unionizing efforts among Mexican and Mexican American farm laborers in California as the beginning of Chicano political activism in the 1960s. By 1965, Chávez's United Farm Workers Union gained international recognition by initiating a worldwide boycott of g...	201006_4-RC_3_15	[ "It helps explain both a motivation of those who developed the first actos and an important aspect of their subject matter.", "It introduces a major obstacle that Valdez had to overcome in gaining public acceptance of the work of the Teatro Campesino.", "It anticipates and counters a possible objection to the a...	0	The second sentence of the passage functions primarily in which one of the following ways?
Most scholars of Mexican American history mark César Chávez's unionizing efforts among Mexican and Mexican American farm laborers in California as the beginning of Chicano political activism in the 1960s. By 1965, Chávez's United Farm Workers Union gained international recognition by initiating a worldwide boycott of g...	201006_4-RC_3_16	[ "both had roots in theater in the European tradition", "both were studied by the San Francisco Mime Troupe", "both were initially performed on farms", "both often involved satire", "both were part of union organizing drives" ]	3	The passage indicates that the early actos of the Teatro Campesino and the carpas were similar in that
Most scholars of Mexican American history mark César Chávez's unionizing efforts among Mexican and Mexican American farm laborers in California as the beginning of Chicano political activism in the 1960s. By 1965, Chávez's United Farm Workers Union gained international recognition by initiating a worldwide boycott of g...	201006_4-RC_3_17	[ "As a theatrical model, the carpas of the early twentieth century were ill-suited to the type of theater that he and the Teatro Campesino were trying to create.", "César Chávez should have done more to support the efforts of the Teatro Campesino to use theater to organize striking farm workers.", "Avant-garde t...	3	It can be inferred from the passage that Valdez most likely held which one of the following views?
Most scholars of Mexican American history mark César Chávez's unionizing efforts among Mexican and Mexican American farm laborers in California as the beginning of Chicano political activism in the 1960s. By 1965, Chávez's United Farm Workers Union gained international recognition by initiating a worldwide boycott of g...	201006_4-RC_3_18	[ "the influences that shaped carpas as a dramatic genre", "the motives of theater historians in exaggerating the originality of Valdez", "the significance of carpas for the development of the genre of the acto", "the extent of Valdez's acquaintance with carpas as a dramatic form", "the role of the European t...	2	Based on the passage, it can be concluded that the author and Broyles-González hold essentially the same attitude toward
Most scholars of Mexican American history mark César Chávez's unionizing efforts among Mexican and Mexican American farm laborers in California as the beginning of Chicano political activism in the 1960s. By 1965, Chávez's United Farm Workers Union gained international recognition by initiating a worldwide boycott of g...	201006_4-RC_3_19	[ "Its efforts to organize farm workers eventually won the acceptance of a few farm owners in California.", "It included among its members a number of individuals who, like Valdez, had previously belonged to the San Francisco Mime Troupe.", "It did not play a major role in the earliest efforts of the United Farm ...	2	The information in the passage most strongly supports which one of the following statements regarding the Teatro Campesino?
Most scholars of Mexican American history mark César Chávez's unionizing efforts among Mexican and Mexican American farm laborers in California as the beginning of Chicano political activism in the 1960s. By 1965, Chávez's United Farm Workers Union gained international recognition by initiating a worldwide boycott of g...	201006_4-RC_3_20	[ "The carpas tradition has been widely discussed and analyzed by both U.S. and Mexican theater historians concerned with theatrical performance styles and methods.", "Comedy was a prominent feature of Chicano theater in the 1960s.", "In directing the actos of the Teatro Campesino, Valdez went to great lengths to...	1	The passage most strongly supports which one of the following?
In October 1999, the Law Reform Commission of Western Australia (LRCWA) issued its report, "Review of the Civil and Criminal Justice System." Buried within its 400 pages are several important recommendations for introducing contingency fees for lawyers' services into the state of Western Australia. Contingency-fee agre...	201006_4-RC_4_21	[ "People who join together to share the costs of purchasing lottery tickets on a regular basis agree to share any eventual proceeds from a lottery drawing in proportion to the amounts they contributed to tickets purchased for that drawing.", "A consulting firm reviews a company's operations. The consulting firm wi...	1	As described in the passage, the uplift fee agreements that the LRCWA's report recommends are most closely analogous to which one of the following arrangements?
In October 1999, the Law Reform Commission of Western Australia (LRCWA) issued its report, "Review of the Civil and Criminal Justice System." Buried within its 400 pages are several important recommendations for introducing contingency fees for lawyers' services into the state of Western Australia. Contingency-fee agre...	201006_4-RC_4_22	[ "Contingency-fee agreements serve the purpose of transferring the risk of pursuing a legal action from the client to the lawyer.", "Contingency-fee agreements of the kind the LRCWA's report recommends would normally not result in lawyers being paid larger fees than they deserve.", "At least some of the recommen...	0	The passage states which one of the following?
In October 1999, the Law Reform Commission of Western Australia (LRCWA) issued its report, "Review of the Civil and Criminal Justice System." Buried within its 400 pages are several important recommendations for introducing contingency fees for lawyers' services into the state of Western Australia. Contingency-fee agre...	201006_4-RC_4_23	[ "defend a proposed reform against criticism", "identify the current shortcomings of a legal system and suggest how these should be remedied", "support the view that a recommended change would actually worsen the situation it was intended to improve", "show that a legal system would not be significantly change...	4	The author's main purpose in the passage is to
In October 1999, the Law Reform Commission of Western Australia (LRCWA) issued its report, "Review of the Civil and Criminal Justice System." Buried within its 400 pages are several important recommendations for introducing contingency fees for lawyers' services into the state of Western Australia. Contingency-fee agre...	201006_4-RC_4_24	[ "The length of time that a trial may last is difficult to predict in advance.", "Not all prospective clients would wish to reveal detailed information about their financial circumstances.", "Some factors that may affect the cost of litigation can change after the litigation begins.", "Uplift agreements should...	2	Which one of the following is given by the passage as a reason for the difficulty a lawyer would have in determining whether—according to the LRCWA's recommendations—a prospective client was qualified to enter into an uplift agreement?
In October 1999, the Law Reform Commission of Western Australia (LRCWA) issued its report, "Review of the Civil and Criminal Justice System." Buried within its 400 pages are several important recommendations for introducing contingency fees for lawyers' services into the state of Western Australia. Contingency-fee agre...	201006_4-RC_4_25	[ "receiving a payment that is of greater monetary value than the legal services rendered by the lawyer", "receiving a higher portion of the total amount awarded in damages than is reasonable compensation for the professional services rendered and the amount of risk assumed", "receiving a higher proportion of the...	1	The phrase "gaining disproportionately from awards of damages" (lines 18–19) is most likely intended by the author to mean
In October 1999, the Law Reform Commission of Western Australia (LRCWA) issued its report, "Review of the Civil and Criminal Justice System." Buried within its 400 pages are several important recommendations for introducing contingency fees for lawyers' services into the state of Western Australia. Contingency-fee agre...	201006_4-RC_4_26	[ "be used only when it is reasonable to think that such arrangements will increase lawyers' diligence and commitment to their cases", "be used only in cases in which clients are unlikely to be awarded enormous damages", "be used if the lawyer is not certain that the client seeking to file a lawsuit could pay the...	3	According to the passage, the LRCWA's report recommended that contingency-fee agreements
In October 1999, the Law Reform Commission of Western Australia (LRCWA) issued its report, "Review of the Civil and Criminal Justice System." Buried within its 400 pages are several important recommendations for introducing contingency fees for lawyers' services into the state of Western Australia. Contingency-fee agre...	201006_4-RC_4_27	[ "The proportion of lawsuits filed by the least well-off litigants tends to be higher in areas where uplift fee arrangements have been widely used than in areas in which uplift agreements have not been used.", "Before the LRCWA's recommendations, lawyers in Western Australia generally made a careful evaluation of ...	1	Which one of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the author's criticism of the LRCWA's recommendations concerning contingency-fee agreements?
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), approved by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948, was the first international treaty to expressly affirm universal respect for human rights. Prior to 1948 no truly international standard of humanitarian beliefs existed. Although Article 1 of the 1945 UN Charter h...	201010_1-RC_1_1	[ "the likelihood that the document will inspire innovative government programs designed to safeguard human rights", "the ability of the document's drafters to translate abstract ideals into concrete standards", "the compromises that went into producing a version of the document that would garner the approval of ...	3	By referring to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights as "purely programmatic" (line 49) in nature, the author most likely intends to emphasize
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), approved by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948, was the first international treaty to expressly affirm universal respect for human rights. Prior to 1948 no truly international standard of humanitarian beliefs existed. Although Article 1 of the 1945 UN Charter h...	201010_1-RC_1_2	[ "to contrast the different definitions of human rights in the two documents", "to compare the strength of the human rights language in the two documents", "to identify a bureaucratic vocabulary that is common to the two documents", "to highlight what the author believes to be the most important point in each ...	1	The author most probably quotes directly from both the UN Charter (lines 8–11) and the proposal mentioned in lines 20–22 for which one of the following reasons?
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), approved by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948, was the first international treaty to expressly affirm universal respect for human rights. Prior to 1948 no truly international standard of humanitarian beliefs existed. Although Article 1 of the 1945 UN Charter h...	201010_1-RC_1_3	[ "unbridled enthusiasm", "qualified approval", "absolute neutrality", "reluctant rejection", "strong hostility" ]	1	The author's stance toward the Universal Declaration of Human Rights can best be described as
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), approved by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948, was the first international treaty to expressly affirm universal respect for human rights. Prior to 1948 no truly international standard of humanitarian beliefs existed. Although Article 1 of the 1945 UN Charter h...	201010_1-RC_1_4	[ "It asserts a right to rest and leisure.", "It was drafted after the UN Charter was drafted.", "The UN Commission on Human Rights was charged with producing it.", "It has had no practical consequences.", "It was the first international treaty to explicitly affirm universal respect for human rights." ]	3	According to the passage, each of the following is true of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights EXCEPT:
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), approved by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948, was the first international treaty to expressly affirm universal respect for human rights. Prior to 1948 no truly international standard of humanitarian beliefs existed. Although Article 1 of the 1945 UN Charter h...	201010_1-RC_1_5	[ "The human rights language contained in Article 1 of the UN Charter is so ambiguous as to be almost wholly ineffectual.", "The weaknesses of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights generally outweigh the strengths of the document.", "It was relatively easy for the drafters of the Universal Declaration of Huma...	4	The author would be most likely to agree with which one of the following statements?
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), approved by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948, was the first international treaty to expressly affirm universal respect for human rights. Prior to 1948 no truly international standard of humanitarian beliefs existed. Although Article 1 of the 1945 UN Charter h...	201010_1-RC_1_6	[ "The UN General Assembly authenticates the evidence and then insists upon prompt remedial action on the part of the government of the member state.", "The UN General Assembly stipulates that any proposed response must be unanimously accepted by member states before it can be implemented.", "The UN issues a repo...	0	Suppose that a group of independent journalists has uncovered evidence of human rights abuses being perpetrated by a security agency of a UN member state upon a group of political dissidents. Which one of the following approaches to the situation would most likely be advocated by present-day delegates who share the vie...
It is commonly assumed that even if some forgeries have aesthetic merit, no forgery has as much as an original by the imitated artist would. Yet even the most prominent art specialists can be duped by a talented artist turned forger into mistaking an almost perfect forgery for an original. For instance, artist Han van ...	201010_1-RC_2_7	[ "The Disciples at Emmaus, van Meegeren's forgery of a Vermeer, was a failure in both aesthetic and artistic terms.", "The aesthetic value of a work of art is less dependent on the work's visible characteristics than on certain intangible characteristics.", "Forged artworks are artistically inferior to originals...	2	Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main point of the passage?
It is commonly assumed that even if some forgeries have aesthetic merit, no forgery has as much as an original by the imitated artist would. Yet even the most prominent art specialists can be duped by a talented artist turned forger into mistaking an almost perfect forgery for an original. For instance, artist Han van ...	201010_1-RC_2_8	[ "The judgments of critics who pronounced The Disciples at Emmaus to be aesthetically superb were not invalidated by the revelation that the painting is a forgery.", "The financial value of a work of art depends more on its purely aesthetic qualities than on its originality.", "Museum curators would be better of...	0	The passage provides the strongest support for inferring that Lessing holds which one of the following views?
It is commonly assumed that even if some forgeries have aesthetic merit, no forgery has as much as an original by the imitated artist would. Yet even the most prominent art specialists can be duped by a talented artist turned forger into mistaking an almost perfect forgery for an original. For instance, artist Han van ...	201010_1-RC_2_9	[ "argue that many art critics are inflexible in their judgments", "indicate that the critics who initially praised The Disciples at Emmaus were not as knowledgeable as they appeared", "suggest that the painting may yet turn out to be a genuine Vermeer", "emphasize that the concept of forgery itself is internal...	4	In the first paragraph, the author refers to a highly reputed critic's persistence in believing van Meegeren's forgery to be a genuine Vermeer primarily in order to
It is commonly assumed that even if some forgeries have aesthetic merit, no forgery has as much as an original by the imitated artist would. Yet even the most prominent art specialists can be duped by a talented artist turned forger into mistaking an almost perfect forgery for an original. For instance, artist Han van ...	201010_1-RC_2_10	[ "lovers of a musical group contemptuously reject a tribute album recorded by various other musicians as a second-rate imitation", "art historians extol the work of a little-known painter as innovative until it is discovered that the painter lived much more recently than was originally thought", "diners at a fam...	2	The reaction described in which one of the following scenarios is most analogous to the reaction of the art critics mentioned in line 13?
It is commonly assumed that even if some forgeries have aesthetic merit, no forgery has as much as an original by the imitated artist would. Yet even the most prominent art specialists can be duped by a talented artist turned forger into mistaking an almost perfect forgery for an original. For instance, artist Han van ...	201010_1-RC_2_11	[ "It is probable that many paintings currently hanging in important museums are actually forgeries.", "The historical circumstances surrounding the creation of a work are important in assessing the artistic value of that work.", "The greatness of an innovative artist depends on how much influence he or she has o...	1	The passage provides the strongest support for inferring that Lessing holds which one of the following views?
It is commonly assumed that even if some forgeries have aesthetic merit, no forgery has as much as an original by the imitated artist would. Yet even the most prominent art specialists can be duped by a talented artist turned forger into mistaking an almost perfect forgery for an original. For instance, artist Han van ...	201010_1-RC_2_12	[ "In any historical period, the criteria by which a work is classified as a forgery can be a matter of considerable debate.", "An artist who uses techniques that others have developed is most likely a forger.", "A successful forger must originate a new artistic vision.", "Works of art created early in the care...	4	The passage most strongly supports which one of the following statements?
It is commonly assumed that even if some forgeries have aesthetic merit, no forgery has as much as an original by the imitated artist would. Yet even the most prominent art specialists can be duped by a talented artist turned forger into mistaking an almost perfect forgery for an original. For instance, artist Han van ...	201010_1-RC_2_13	[ "Many of the most accomplished art forgers have had moderately successful careers as painters of original works.", "Reproductions painted by talented young artists whose traditional training consisted in the copying of masterpieces were often seen as beautiful, but never regarded as great art.", "While experts ...	1	Which one of the following, if true, would most strengthen Lessing's contention that a painting can display aesthetic excellence without possessing an equally high degree of artistic value?
Passage A One function of language is to influence others' behavior by changing what they know, believe, or desire. For humans engaged in conversation, the perception of another's mental state is perhaps the most common vocalization stimulus. While animal vocalizations may have evolved because they can potentially alte...	201010_1-RC_3_14	[ "Are animals capable of deliberately prevaricating in order to achieve specific goals?", "Are the communications of animals characterized by conscious intention?", "What kinds of stimuli are most likely to elicit animal vocalizations?", "Are the communication systems of nonhuman primates qualitatively differe...	1	Both passages are primarily concerned with addressing which one of the following questions?
Passage A One function of language is to influence others' behavior by changing what they know, believe, or desire. For humans engaged in conversation, the perception of another's mental state is perhaps the most common vocalization stimulus. While animal vocalizations may have evolved because they can potentially alte...	201010_1-RC_3_15	[ "describe an interpretation of animal communication that the author believes rests on a logical error", "suggest by illustration that there is conscious intention underlying the communicative signs employed by certain animals", "present an argument in support of the view that animal communication systems are sp...	0	In discussing the philosopher Maritain, the author of passage B seeks primarily to
Passage A One function of language is to influence others' behavior by changing what they know, believe, or desire. For humans engaged in conversation, the perception of another's mental state is perhaps the most common vocalization stimulus. While animal vocalizations may have evolved because they can potentially alte...	201010_1-RC_3_16	[ "They fail to recognize that humans often communicate without any clear idea of their listeners' mental states.", "Most of them lack the credentials needed to assess the relevant experimental evidence correctly.", "They ignore well-known evidence that animals do in fact practice deception.", "They make assump...	3	The author of passage B would be most likely to agree with which one of the following statements regarding researchers who subscribe to the position articulated in passage A?
Passage A One function of language is to influence others' behavior by changing what they know, believe, or desire. For humans engaged in conversation, the perception of another's mental state is perhaps the most common vocalization stimulus. While animal vocalizations may have evolved because they can potentially alte...	201010_1-RC_3_17	[ "One function of language is to influence the behavior of others by changing what they think.", "Animal vocalizations may have evolved because they have the potential to alter listeners' behavior to the signaler's benefit.", "It is possible that chimpanzees may have the capacity to attribute mental states to ot...	3	Which one of the following assertions from passage A provides support for the view attributed to Maritain in passage B (lines 50–52)?
Passage A One function of language is to influence others' behavior by changing what they know, believe, or desire. For humans engaged in conversation, the perception of another's mental state is perhaps the most common vocalization stimulus. While animal vocalizations may have evolved because they can potentially alte...	201010_1-RC_3_18	[ "the extent to which communication among humans involves the ability to perceive the mental states of others", "the importance of determining to what extent animal communication systems differ from human language", "whether human language and animal communication differ from one another qualitatively or merely ...	2	The authors would be most likely to disagree over
Passage A One function of language is to influence others' behavior by changing what they know, believe, or desire. For humans engaged in conversation, the perception of another's mental state is perhaps the most common vocalization stimulus. While animal vocalizations may have evolved because they can potentially alte...	201010_1-RC_3_19	[ "optimistic regarding the ability of science to answer certain fundamental questions", "disapproving of the approach taken by others writing on the same general topic", "open-minded in its willingness to accept the validity of apparently conflicting positions", "supportive of ongoing research related to the q...	1	Passage B differs from passage A in that passage B is more
In contrast to the mainstream of U.S. historiography during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, African American historians of the period, such as George Washington Williams and W. E. B. DuBois, adopted a transnational perspective. This was true for several reasons, not the least of which was the necessi...	201010_1-RC_4_20	[ "Historians are now recognizing that the major challenge faced by African Americans in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was the struggle for citizenship.", "Early African American historians who practiced a transnational approach to history were primarily interested in advancing an emigrationist ...	3	Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main idea of the passage?
In contrast to the mainstream of U.S. historiography during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, African American historians of the period, such as George Washington Williams and W. E. B. DuBois, adopted a transnational perspective. This was true for several reasons, not the least of which was the necessi...	201010_1-RC_4_21	[ "correcting a misconception about", "determining the sequence of events in", "investigating the implications of", "rewarding the promoters of", "shaping a conception of" ]	4	Which one of the following phrases most accurately conveys the sense of the word "reconstructing" as it is used in line 47?
In contrast to the mainstream of U.S. historiography during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, African American historians of the period, such as George Washington Williams and W. E. B. DuBois, adopted a transnational perspective. This was true for several reasons, not the least of which was the necessi...	201010_1-RC_4_22	[ "Emigrationist sentiment would not have been as strong among African Americans in the late nineteenth century had the promise of U.S. citizenship been fully realized for African Americans at that time.", "Scholars writing the history of diasporic communities generally do not discuss the forces that initially caus...	0	Which one of the following is most strongly supported by the passage?
In contrast to the mainstream of U.S. historiography during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, African American historians of the period, such as George Washington Williams and W. E. B. DuBois, adopted a transnational perspective. This was true for several reasons, not the least of which was the necessi...	201010_1-RC_4_23	[ "investigated the extent to which European and U.S. nationalist mythologies contradicted one another", "defined the national characters of the United States and several European nations by focusing on their treatment of minority populations rather than on their territorial ambitions", "recounted the attempts by...	4	As it is described in the passage, the transnational approach employed by African American historians working in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries would be best exemplified by a historical study that
In contrast to the mainstream of U.S. historiography during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, African American historians of the period, such as George Washington Williams and W. E. B. DuBois, adopted a transnational perspective. This was true for several reasons, not the least of which was the necessi...	201010_1-RC_4_24	[ "Which African nations did early African American historians research in writing their histories of the African diaspora?", "What were some of the African languages spoken by the ancestors of the members of the African diasporic community who were living in the United States in the late nineteenth century?", "O...	4	The passage provides information sufficient to answer which one of the following questions?
In contrast to the mainstream of U.S. historiography during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, African American historians of the period, such as George Washington Williams and W. E. B. DuBois, adopted a transnational perspective. This was true for several reasons, not the least of which was the necessi...	201010_1-RC_4_25	[ "Members of a particular diasporic community have a common country of origin.", "Territorial sovereignty is not a prerequisite for the project of nation building.", "Early African American historians who rejected nationalist historiography declined to engage in historical myth-making of any kind.", "The most ...	1	The author of the passage would be most likely to agree with which one of the following statements?
In contrast to the mainstream of U.S. historiography during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, African American historians of the period, such as George Washington Williams and W. E. B. DuBois, adopted a transnational perspective. This was true for several reasons, not the least of which was the necessi...	201010_1-RC_4_26	[ "explain why early African American historians felt compelled to approach historiography in the way that they did", "show that governmental actions such as constitutional amendments do not always have the desired effect", "support the contention that African American intellectuals in the late nineteenth century...	0	The main purpose of the second paragraph of the passage is to
In contrast to the mainstream of U.S. historiography during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, African American historians of the period, such as George Washington Williams and W. E. B. DuBois, adopted a transnational perspective. This was true for several reasons, not the least of which was the necessi...	201010_1-RC_4_27	[ "An elected official writes a memo suggesting that because a particular course of action has been successful in the past, the government should continue to pursue that course of action.", "A biographer of a famous novelist argues that the precocity apparent in certain of the novelist's early achievements confirms...	1	As it is presented in the passage, the approach to history taken by mainstream U.S. historians of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries is most similar to the approach exemplified in which one of the following?
To study centuries-old earthquakes and the geologic faults that caused them, seismologists usually dig trenches along visible fault lines, looking for sediments that show evidence of having shifted. Using radiocarbon dating, they measure the quantity of the radioactive isotope carbon 14 present in wood or other organic...	201012_1-RC_1_1	[ "Lichenometry is a new method for dating past earthquakes that has advantages over radiocarbon dating.", "Despite its limitations, lichenometry has been proven to be more accurate than any other method of discerning the dates of past earthquakes.", "Most seismologists today have rejected radiocarbon dating and ...	0	Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main idea of the passage?
To study centuries-old earthquakes and the geologic faults that caused them, seismologists usually dig trenches along visible fault lines, looking for sediments that show evidence of having shifted. Using radiocarbon dating, they measure the quantity of the radioactive isotope carbon 14 present in wood or other organic...	201012_1-RC_1_2	[ "How do scientists measure lichen growth rates under the varying conditions that lichens may encounter?", "How do scientists determine the intensity of the radiation striking Earth's upper atmosphere?", "What are some of the conditions that encourage lichens to grow at a more rapid rate than usual?", "What is...	2	The passage provides information that most helps to answer which one of the following questions?
To study centuries-old earthquakes and the geologic faults that caused them, seismologists usually dig trenches along visible fault lines, looking for sediments that show evidence of having shifted. Using radiocarbon dating, they measure the quantity of the radioactive isotope carbon 14 present in wood or other organic...	201012_1-RC_1_3	[ "to emphasize the rapidity with which lichen colonies can establish themselves on newly exposed rock surfaces", "to offer an example of a lichen species with one of the slowest known rates of growth", "to present additional evidence supporting the claim that environmental conditions can alter lichens' rate of g...	4	What is the author's primary purpose in referring to the rate of growth of a North American lichen species (lines 29–30)?
To study centuries-old earthquakes and the geologic faults that caused them, seismologists usually dig trenches along visible fault lines, looking for sediments that show evidence of having shifted. Using radiocarbon dating, they measure the quantity of the radioactive isotope carbon 14 present in wood or other organic...	201012_1-RC_1_4	[ "Lichenometry is less accurate than radiocarbon dating in predicting the likelihood and location of future earthquakes.", "Radiocarbon dating is unlikely to be helpful in dating past earthquakes that have no identifiable fault lines associated with them.", "Radiocarbon dating and lichenometry are currently the ...	1	Which one of the following statements is most strongly supported by the passage?
To study centuries-old earthquakes and the geologic faults that caused them, seismologists usually dig trenches along visible fault lines, looking for sediments that show evidence of having shifted. Using radiocarbon dating, they measure the quantity of the radioactive isotope carbon 14 present in wood or other organic...	201012_1-RC_1_5	[ "a well-known procedure that will then be examined on a step-by-step basis", "an established procedure to which a new procedure will then be compared", "an outdated procedure that will then be shown to be nonetheless useful in some situations", "a traditional procedure that will then be contrasted with other ...	1	The primary purpose of the first paragraph in relation to the rest of the passage is to describe
To study centuries-old earthquakes and the geologic faults that caused them, seismologists usually dig trenches along visible fault lines, looking for sediments that show evidence of having shifted. Using radiocarbon dating, they measure the quantity of the radioactive isotope carbon 14 present in wood or other organic...	201012_1-RC_1_6	[ "While lichenometry is less accurate when it is used to date earthquakes that occurred more than 500 years ago, it is still more accurate than other methods for dating such earthquakes.", "There is no reliable method for determining the intensity of the radiation now hitting Earth's upper atmosphere.", "Lichens...	4	It can be inferred that the statements made by Bull and Brandon and reported in lines 50–58 rely on which one of the following assumptions?
To study centuries-old earthquakes and the geologic faults that caused them, seismologists usually dig trenches along visible fault lines, looking for sediments that show evidence of having shifted. Using radiocarbon dating, they measure the quantity of the radioactive isotope carbon 14 present in wood or other organic...	201012_1-RC_1_7	[ "the multiplicity of the types of organic matter that require analysis", "the variable amount of organic materials caught in shifted sediments", "the fact that fault lines related to past earthquakes are not always visible", "the fluctuations in the amount of the carbon 14 isotope in the environment over time...	3	The passage indicates that using radiocarbon dating to date past earthquakes may be unreliable due to
To study centuries-old earthquakes and the geologic faults that caused them, seismologists usually dig trenches along visible fault lines, looking for sediments that show evidence of having shifted. Using radiocarbon dating, they measure the quantity of the radioactive isotope carbon 14 present in wood or other organic...	201012_1-RC_1_8	[ "identifying the number of times a particular river has flooded in the past 1,000 years", "identifying the age of a fossilized skeleton of a mammal that lived many thousands of years ago", "identifying the age of an ancient beach now underwater approximately 30 kilometers off the present shore", "identifying ...	3	Given the information in the passage, to which one of the following would lichenometry likely be most applicable?
While courts have long allowed custom-made medical illustrations depicting personal injury to be presented as evidence in legal cases, the issue of whether they have a legitimate place in the courtroom is surrounded by ongoing debate and misinformation. Some opponents of their general use argue that while illustrations...	201012_1-RC_2_9	[ "schematic drawings accompanying an engineer's oral presentation", "road maps used by people unfamiliar with an area so that they will not have to get verbal instructions from strangers", "children's drawings that psychologists use to detect wishes and anxieties not apparent in the children's behavior", "a re...	0	Which one of the following is most analogous to the role that, according to the author, custom-made medical illustrations play in personal injury cases?
While courts have long allowed custom-made medical illustrations depicting personal injury to be presented as evidence in legal cases, the issue of whether they have a legitimate place in the courtroom is surrounded by ongoing debate and misinformation. Some opponents of their general use argue that while illustrations...	201012_1-RC_2_10	[ "They tend to rely less on the use of color than do custom-made medical illustrations.", "They are inadmissible in a courtroom unless a medical expert is present to testify to their accuracy.", "They are in many cases drawn by the same individuals who draw custom-made medical illustrations for courtroom use.", ...	4	Based on the passage, which one of the following is the author most likely to believe about illustrations in medical textbooks?
While courts have long allowed custom-made medical illustrations depicting personal injury to be presented as evidence in legal cases, the issue of whether they have a legitimate place in the courtroom is surrounded by ongoing debate and misinformation. Some opponents of their general use argue that while illustrations...	201012_1-RC_2_11	[ "decide which custom-made medical illustrations should be admissible", "temper the impact of the illustrations on judges and jurors who are not medical professionals", "make medical illustrations understandable to judges and jurors", "provide opinions to attorneys as to which illustrations, if any, would be u...	4	The passage states that a role of medical experts in relation to custom-made medical illustrations in the courtroom is to
While courts have long allowed custom-made medical illustrations depicting personal injury to be presented as evidence in legal cases, the issue of whether they have a legitimate place in the courtroom is surrounded by ongoing debate and misinformation. Some opponents of their general use argue that while illustrations...	201012_1-RC_2_12	[ "custom-made medical illustrations accurately represent human anatomy, whereas medical textbook illustrations do not", "medical textbook illustrations employ color freely, whereas custom-made medical illustrations must avoid color", "medical textbook illustrations are objective, while custom-made medical illust...	3	According to the passage, one of the ways that medical textbook illustrations differ from custom-made medical illustrations is that
While courts have long allowed custom-made medical illustrations depicting personal injury to be presented as evidence in legal cases, the issue of whether they have a legitimate place in the courtroom is surrounded by ongoing debate and misinformation. Some opponents of their general use argue that while illustrations...	201012_1-RC_2_13	[ "appreciation of the difficulty involved in explaining medical data to judges and jurors together with skepticism concerning the effectiveness of such testimony", "admiration for the experts' technical knowledge coupled with disdain for the communications skills of medical professionals", "acceptance of the acc...	2	The author's attitude toward the testimony of medical experts in personal injury cases is most accurately described as
While courts have long allowed custom-made medical illustrations depicting personal injury to be presented as evidence in legal cases, the issue of whether they have a legitimate place in the courtroom is surrounded by ongoing debate and misinformation. Some opponents of their general use argue that while illustrations...	201012_1-RC_2_14	[ "argue for a greater use of custom-made medical illustrations in court cases involving personal injury", "reply to a variant of the objection to custom-made medical illustrations raised in the second paragraph", "argue against the position that illustrations from medical textbooks are well suited for use in the...	1	The author's primary purpose in the third paragraph is to
Passage A Because dental caries (decay) is strongly linked to the sticky, carbohydrate-rich staples of agricultural diets, prehistoric human teeth can provide clues about when a population made the transition from a hunter-gatherer diet to an agricultural one. Caries formation is influenced by several factors, includin...	201012_1-RC_3_15	[ "evidence of the development of agriculture in the archaeological record", "the impact of agriculture on the overall health of human populations", "the effects of carbohydrate-rich foods on caries formation in strictly agricultural societies", "the archaeological evidence regarding when the first agricultural...	0	Both passages are primarily concerned with examining which one of the following topics?
Passage A Because dental caries (decay) is strongly linked to the sticky, carbohydrate-rich staples of agricultural diets, prehistoric human teeth can provide clues about when a population made the transition from a hunter-gatherer diet to an agricultural one. Caries formation is influenced by several factors, includin...	201012_1-RC_3_16	[ "While the Ban Chiang populations consumed several highly cariogenic foods, the populations discussed in the last paragraph of passage A did not.", "While the Ban Chiang populations ate cultivated foods, the populations discussed in the last paragraph of passage A did not.", "While the Ban Chiang populations co...	1	Which one of the following distinguishes the Ban Chiang populations discussed in passage B from the populations discussed in the last paragraph of passage A?
Passage A Because dental caries (decay) is strongly linked to the sticky, carbohydrate-rich staples of agricultural diets, prehistoric human teeth can provide clues about when a population made the transition from a hunter-gatherer diet to an agricultural one. Caries formation is influenced by several factors, includin...	201012_1-RC_3_17	[ "They can either limit or promote caries formation, depending on their prevalence in the diet.", "They are typically consumed in greater quantities as a population adopts agriculture.", "They have a negative effect on overall health since they have no nutritional value.", "They contribute to the formation of ...	0	Passage B most strongly supports which one of the following statements about fiber and grit in a diet?
Passage A Because dental caries (decay) is strongly linked to the sticky, carbohydrate-rich staples of agricultural diets, prehistoric human teeth can provide clues about when a population made the transition from a hunter-gatherer diet to an agricultural one. Caries formation is influenced by several factors, includin...	201012_1-RC_3_18	[ "the effect of consuming highly processed foods on caries formation", "the relatively low incidence of caries among nonagricultural people", "the effect of fiber and grit in the diet on caries formation", "the effect of the consumption of wild foods on tooth wear", "the effect of agricultural intensificatio...	1	Which one of the following is mentioned in both passages as evidence tending to support the prevailing view regarding the relationship between dental caries and carbohydrate consumption?
Passage A Because dental caries (decay) is strongly linked to the sticky, carbohydrate-rich staples of agricultural diets, prehistoric human teeth can provide clues about when a population made the transition from a hunter-gatherer diet to an agricultural one. Caries formation is influenced by several factors, includin...	201012_1-RC_3_19	[ "The incidence of dental caries increases predictably in populations over time.", "Dental caries is often difficult to detect in teeth recovered from archaeological sites.", "Dental caries tends to be more prevalent in populations with a hunter-gatherer diet than in populations with an agricultural diet.", "T...	3	It is most likely that both authors would agree with which one of the following statements about dental caries?
Passage A Because dental caries (decay) is strongly linked to the sticky, carbohydrate-rich staples of agricultural diets, prehistoric human teeth can provide clues about when a population made the transition from a hunter-gatherer diet to an agricultural one. Caries formation is influenced by several factors, includin...	201012_1-RC_3_20	[ "Varieties that are cultivated have a greater tendency to cause caries than varieties that grow wild.", "Those that require substantial processing do not play a role in hunter-gatherer diets.", "Some of them naturally have a greater tendency than others to cause caries.", "Some of them reduce caries formation...	2	Each passage suggests which one of the following about carbohydrate-rich foods?
Passage A Because dental caries (decay) is strongly linked to the sticky, carbohydrate-rich staples of agricultural diets, prehistoric human teeth can provide clues about when a population made the transition from a hunter-gatherer diet to an agricultural one. Caries formation is influenced by several factors, includin...	201012_1-RC_3_21	[ "The evidence confirms the generalization.", "The evidence tends to support the generalization.", "The evidence is irrelevant to the generalization.", "The evidence does not conform to the generalization.", "The evidence disproves the generalization." ]	3	The evidence from Ban Chiang discussed in passage B relates to the generalization reported in the second paragraph of passage A (lines 20–22) in which one of the following ways?
Recent criticism has sought to align Sarah Orne Jewett, a notable writer of regional fiction in the nineteenth-century United States, with the domestic novelists of the previous generation. Her work does resemble the domestic novels of the 1850s in its focus on women, their domestic occupations, and their social intera...	201012_1-RC_4_22	[ "Did any men write domestic novels in the 1850s?", "Were any widely read domestic novels written after the 1860s?", "How did migration to urban areas affect the development of domestic fiction in the 1850s?", "What is an effect that Jewett's conception of literary art had on her fiction?", "With what region...	3	The passage most helps to answer which one of the following questions?
Recent criticism has sought to align Sarah Orne Jewett, a notable writer of regional fiction in the nineteenth-century United States, with the domestic novelists of the previous generation. Her work does resemble the domestic novels of the 1850s in its focus on women, their domestic occupations, and their social intera...	201012_1-RC_4_23	[ "advocating a position that is essentially correct even though some powerful arguments can be made against it", "making a true claim about Jewett, but for the wrong reasons", "making a claim that is based on some reasonable evidence and is initially plausible but ultimately mistaken", "questionable, because i...	2	It can be inferred from the passage that the author would be most likely to view the "recent criticism" mentioned in line 1 as
Recent criticism has sought to align Sarah Orne Jewett, a notable writer of regional fiction in the nineteenth-century United States, with the domestic novelists of the previous generation. Her work does resemble the domestic novels of the 1850s in its focus on women, their domestic occupations, and their social intera...	201012_1-RC_4_24	[ "Domestic fiction was part of an ongoing tradition stretching back into the past.", "Fiction was not treated as clearly distinct from other categories of writing.", "Domestic fiction was often published in serial form.", "Fiction is constantly evolving.", "Domestic fiction promoted the cohesiveness and henc...	1	In saying that domestic fiction was based on a conception of fiction as part of a "continuum" (line 30), the author most likely means which one of the following?
Recent criticism has sought to align Sarah Orne Jewett, a notable writer of regional fiction in the nineteenth-century United States, with the domestic novelists of the previous generation. Her work does resemble the domestic novels of the 1850s in its focus on women, their domestic occupations, and their social intera...	201012_1-RC_4_25	[ "It proposes and defends a radical redefinition of several historical categories of literary style.", "It proposes an evaluation of a particular style of writing, of which one writer's work is cited as a paradigmatic case.", "It argues for a reappraisal of a set of long-held assumptions about the historical con...	4	Which one of the following most accurately states the primary function of the passage?
Recent criticism has sought to align Sarah Orne Jewett, a notable writer of regional fiction in the nineteenth-century United States, with the domestic novelists of the previous generation. Her work does resemble the domestic novels of the 1850s in its focus on women, their domestic occupations, and their social intera...	201012_1-RC_4_26	[ "The author considers and rejects a number of possible explanations for a phenomenon, concluding that any attempt at explanation does violence to the unity of the phenomenon.", "The author shows that two explanatory hypotheses are incompatible with each other and gives reasons for preferring one of them.", "The...	4	Which one of the following most accurately represents the structure of the second paragraph?
Recent criticism has sought to align Sarah Orne Jewett, a notable writer of regional fiction in the nineteenth-century United States, with the domestic novelists of the previous generation. Her work does resemble the domestic novels of the 1850s in its focus on women, their domestic occupations, and their social intera...	201012_1-RC_4_27	[ "Why was Jewett unwilling to feature children and religious themes as prominently in her works as the domestic novelists featured them in theirs?", "Why did both Jewett and the domestic novelists focus primarily on rural as opposed to urban concerns?", "Why was Jewett not constrained to feature children and rel...	2	The differing conceptions of fiction held by Jewett and the domestic novelists can most reasonably be taken as providing an answer to which one of the following questions?
African American painter Sam Gilliam (b. 1933) is internationally recognized as one of the foremost painters associated with the Washington Color School, a group of Color Field style painters practicing in Washington, D.C. during the 1950s and 1960s.The Color Field style was an important development in abstract art tha...	201312_4-RC_1_1	[ "describing the motivation behind and nature of an artist's work", "describing the political themes that permeate an artist's work", "describing the evolution of an artist's style over a period of time", "demonstrating that a certain artist's views were rare among African American artists", "demonstrating t...	0	In the passage, the author is primarily concerned with
African American painter Sam Gilliam (b. 1933) is internationally recognized as one of the foremost painters associated with the Washington Color School, a group of Color Field style painters practicing in Washington, D.C. during the 1950s and 1960s.The Color Field style was an important development in abstract art tha...	201312_4-RC_1_2	[ "a brightly colored painting carefully portraying a man dressed in work clothes and holding a shovel in his hands", "a large, wrinkled canvas painted with soft, blended colors and overlaid with glued-on newspaper photographs depicting war scenes", "a painted abstract caricature of a group of jazz musicians wait...	4	Which one of the following would come closest to exemplifying the characteristics of Gilliam's work as described in the passage?
African American painter Sam Gilliam (b. 1933) is internationally recognized as one of the foremost painters associated with the Washington Color School, a group of Color Field style painters practicing in Washington, D.C. during the 1950s and 1960s.The Color Field style was an important development in abstract art tha...	201312_4-RC_1_3	[ "exemplify the style of art of the Washington Color School", "point out the cause of the animosity between representational artists and abstract artists", "establish that representational art was more popular with the general public than abstract art was", "illustrate the kind of art that Gilliam was reacting...	3	The author mentions a collage artist in the second paragraph primarily to
African American painter Sam Gilliam (b. 1933) is internationally recognized as one of the foremost painters associated with the Washington Color School, a group of Color Field style painters practicing in Washington, D.C. during the 1950s and 1960s.The Color Field style was an important development in abstract art tha...	201312_4-RC_1_4	[ "derisive condescension", "open dissatisfaction", "whimsical dismissal", "careful neutrality", "mild approval" ]	1	The passage most strongly suggests that Gilliam's attitude toward the strictly representational art of his contemporaries is which one of the following?

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