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The authors in [3] also describe quantitative performance evaluation metrics for MANET routing protocols including: – End-to-end data throughput and delay: these are measurements of the protocol effectiveness. | background | 5b406d0b42f1cf0e99176d7f818b83f236e36278 | 49408e2483e51eea8636dffe6203b16dd7dc0fbe | |
As proposed by Hendriks et al. “in some narratives the speaker may not yet have clearly established the second character as the new topic” (p. 404, Hendriks et al., 2014), which could explain the use of NPs instead of pronouns to bring these characters in focus. | background | INTRODUCTION | ed60fe5cf0b2947f812a3d19d533d0f644b67b0d | 5af4e6e8d6e7a25cb37a9d52e87a1f28b4464e04 |
(12)
A theoretical expression for the variation of with strain is given in Varghese and Ophir (1997b) as:
2 1 s 1 e lko 2 1 s 2 1 e lko 22 s2 1 s 2 1
e lko 2 2 2 s 2 1 s 2 1 (13)
where ko is the wave number (given by ko 2 / o where o is the central wavelength), and l is the correlation length. | background | Theory | 114de63c96176358b8cd3c99aa744c86f0eeced7 | 7ffdab1930ccf68c10be4cf9a9ffdb933c9dd516 |
And Aktmediated phosphorylation downregulates the GTPaseactivating potential of tuberin toward Rheb, which is a potent regulator of mTORC1 (Wullschleger et al., 2006; Guertin and Sabatini, 2007; Yang and Guan, 2007). | background | Discussion | 8369c3c6028a948e1175a047eed5be4c6eee7f75 | 44e9ecd959b1c72f1fe469e6b915ee55ac986a52 |
Our results are in accord with those of previous studies of postnatal craniofacial growth in Saimiri
(Corner and Richtsmeier, 1992). | result | Discussion | 09923eda904e6422149f61629659b7589e0e1830 | 2969b47b4dff0000f4c81c2987cebe4d9ec5665a |
The community of potentially pathogenic bacteria probably emanated from the excrement of diseasecarrying humans and animals [35] or other sources. | background | Results and Discussion | 29145f9adb4cb0f2117f1c8fdc863b9adbcf2a60 | 08a69612966e99ec3d0aa07d9e047797fd94dbe0 |
The higher value for NST than GST would be indicative of a phylogeographic structure (Pons and Petit 1996; Petit et al. 2005). | background | 5b36a10ab1c0b5454959edc29a00b0e6c2546974 | 777cb6d460aba93eda5d7bf2e6f01c5bf9666171 | |
We recently found that rat (Porcella et al., 1998) as well as human (Porcella et al. 2000) eyes are rich in CB1 mRNA and protein, supporting a direct role for the CB1 receptor in controlling IOP. | background | Introduction | 6bd3d6b81899b05097be5fca2d8cd2766569b836 | cd5fd50d44267650aa5a113f044ee333a58c7abb |
…addition, it has been noted that markets for LKS could increase the value of forests, contributing to the viability of the new forest concession system, (Barany et al. 2003) and since this is most desirable if there will continue to be adequate supply of wood then the future is bright for the LKS. | background | Introduction | f473f30f0bf35b7e97874cefc66e9a6dacc4eae8 | f5191ac6456c5df72545a8ddee851f0c4fbe378f |
The results are in line of evidences from highly diverged G. complanata in Slovenia (Verovnik et al. 1999), E. punctata in northern Arizona (Govedich et al. 1999) in addition to high morphological diversities (Sket & Trontelj 2008). | result | Discussion | 37b0228d3a372fad78f1df882982901502f1e9f0 | None |
Muir and Dumonde [18] showed that SHRs are more resistant to AIA compared with the others rat strains (SK Wistar, AHR, AHN and Tuck). | background | DISCUSSION | 8c71b7582c3c72a4c72549e63e8628505c5991bd | 361f87657edf646471ea5f1cdcd32a23fa5cecce |
These results are in agreement with a study by Wikström et al. (2007) in which loss of AMH expression was also observed to occur at a later age in 14 KS patients. | result | Discussion | 9f17b5e3dd2e49e9725f6c34b6e2cb466ebb6144 | 9aeb612064573970561d211747fe5e8712796c3b |
Some proteases have been implicated in the degradation of extracellular proteins and the acquisition of amino acids for cellular growth (Park et al. 2004), and mutation of such proteases may have a harmful effect on cellular growth (Vitikainen et al. 2005). | background | Results | 0010f312c554ae9586ef06a888ab56495bc37e17 | 5453aa977626eb6b4bb5dd31ed274a4e1d983c03 |
On the basis of this Pinzur grouping [1, 15] and PEDIS criteria [5, 6, 20] a complication analysis was performed with the goal of evaluating those patients at risk who do not qualify for internal corrective arthrodesis. | method | Methods | adf7f4afee2a387d1171a8b851e5112e2a37ba39 | f727d88632ee21ce9b4778374f642eef7a956301 |
2010) and clinical (Roy et al. 2008) literature, a 2 X 2 repeated measures ANOVA was first used to examine bias patterns as a function of behavioral inhibition group (Median split: Low vs. | method | Methods | 24831c992a69623580b52c758b8e88f2a14158d7 | a8c7cf48165e8d825bc650aa5fc13cd64908c866 |
In accordance with other studies our analysis found that diabetes [6,10], COPD [2,19], impaired preoperative kidney function [4,20], and obesity [2,4,6,9,12] to be independent risk factors for mediastinitis. | result | 30-59 1.86 (1.20-2.90) 1.56 (1.00-2.45) | c7ce675b03bf0c7c3e6c95a9d5bc7724a1f42555 | 69299e7ddf15649e569463b69f1c62d16d4f5004 |
[41] reported a C2H2-type zinc finger transcription factor, Al resistance transcription factor 1 (ART1), which regulates the expression of genes related to Al tolerance in rice, including STAR1 and STAR2. | background | Discussion | ac7cd5a700e610638b33e4d3f5bc710cc53d6c23 | 270c73751fd3534a57ad18f023da3844e7067af9 |
In particular, induction of AR transcriptional programs by androgen stimulation, particularly at supraphysiological doses, has been shown to result in widespread, transient DSBs in prostate cancer cells in a TOP2B dependent manner (4). | background | INTRODUCTION | d11fff30a8adc0038aa7a055f3d62590c3a24dad | 52c60a34aec92623dbef2098816c60735f657cc0 |
Ultimately, compensatory mechanisms secondary to altered cholinergic signaling might lead to reduced mGluR levels and consequently alters synaptic learning rules and attention behavior (Counotte et al., 2011a, b; Goriounova and Mansvelder, 2012b). | background | Discussion | 28362d02d8050a32d988122d469cd48b68d904ab | e60d620109d2c26c56aec1f8f042fe30c9333092 |
Gln105 of human NQO1 is an especially important residue for catalytic activity (Chen et al., 2000). | background | 87711ffc684b0f1d1ad6c22518b78105d68fc5f3 | a3a859fa3fbb1fae7a1d7ac563a7efe37273a2f8 | |
Digynic triploidy may also develop after fertilization of a diploid giant oocyte (Dyban and Baranov, 1987) but this has been considered rather improbable (Jacobs et al., 1978; Kaufman, 1991). | background | Introduction | 3e5ad0d7457baf193e6a1023e75241ba9e67399d | ec5c5b5c3968d891212204cf1c948ee2de035048 |
demonstrate high reliability in the current sample from ages 2 to 4 (range, α=0.84 to 0.94; Dishion et al. 2008). | background | Methods | ce5e40ddeb4fd7949aaeb507a66ac27887d12b95 | be59cc09630da876d2dfada6165711f5bd19506f |
Patients dialyzing at the facilities we studied had lower hemoglobin concentrations on average, and more patients had concentrations below the threshold of 10 g/dL at any given time, findings noted by others [6, 7, 11, 12] that are | background | Discussion | 218176f80fd13c72146b71e7fafd1b65c1340943 | e6af9a4372ae151d73a16096d3c18b6b44e752fc |
…(Chiaravalloti & DeLuca, 2008), but an association has been demonstrated in adequately powered studies (Arnett, Barwick, & Beeney, 2008) and primarily between depression and the cognitive domains of information processing speed and executive functions (Feinstein, 2006; Siegert & Abernethy, 2005). | background | Introduction | b53cb6432753734857c53b0de9e438627db84066 | 59dce7e76be453a06dc9795ea8959d460cb394d1 |
Another potentially important link between oxidative stress and excitotoxicity is the microglial antiporter system Xc 2 (Sato et al., 2002), which releases cytotoxic levels of glutamate into the interstitial compartment to replenish intracellular cystine to maintain the glutathione system, which is challenged by oxidat... | background | 7dbda04780112a3820cd304dd44f7686dd12fdea | 9808ff163bc008673fc7f6cd067eaf5f38ae0a52 | |
The interventions were implemented in various settings including academic medical centers [3, 11, 13, 44, 50, 56, 65], five of which were multiinstitution collaboratives [11, 13, 44, 56, 65], universities [14, 60, 62], medical clinics [16, 61, 69], and community-based locales [15, 67]. | background | 3. Results | 649da5dc00caf98ed897ade21a16e625ec328d6c | 13addfbdfeb738a413365e3df0904a39416aa7ba |
Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032 is a nonsporulating and non-pathogenic soil bacterium belonging to the group of high G + C Gram-positive Actinobacteria (Hecht & Causey, 1976; Stackebrandt et al., 1997). | background | Introduction | cdd073efdcfb1a3d0cc1e4d82a46a093704f6236 | fd57bb196ca2a6d5f07bd91b2263146df8e7fb4c |
These results are in accordance with previous reports demonstrating that olanzapine treatment did not modify the meal size (Chintoh et al. 2008; Weston-Green et al. 2011; WestonGreen et al. 2012), but may reduce the inter-meal period thereby causes hyperphagia (Lee and Clifton 2002). | result | Discussion | 23e691a28b0fa0d706f45ef6c9da1f17afac09cf | bf98b467d3d7f3ff94ed97200c247b52ff373352 |
7C) that may correspond to the centrosomal katanin previously observed after nocodazole-mediated disruption of the spindle pole (McNally and Thomas, 1998). | background | RESULTS | efaa33b745b1420d6bf13873a4df09680c7984e0 | eb08d5a6852228a7b45deb22f1bf4dde945020c6 |
In this study no association emerged between smoking, menstrual characteristics, contraceptive methods (oral contraceptive and IUD use) and frequency of adenomyosis, this is consistent with the scanty published data [7]. | result | 4. Discussion | 53f49e504082b570d5caddd95db2a451f0641fb6 | a3367dc3df14de2345cb84244d625106d4d4b02e |
, 2012), sentence transformation (Vanderwende, 2008), machine comprehension (Du et al., 2017; Zhou et al., 2017b; Yuan et al., 2017; Subramanian et al., 2017), question answering (Qin, 2015; Tang et al. | background | 2 Related Work | 48bff8eae05fb5369b0026742eaa79178e107fbb | bc6ad001c395e92920839e45dfd7e05ce69405d2 |
Digitalized images were analyzed by Photoshop to quantify the number of damaged/dead cells (see details in Faoro and Iriti, 2005). | method | Plant growth | c40e4f321b9d40c855a6cb4a76e4d8b6c54c9774 | 735b4388b99958c6e43d2d85caca6773acccbe56 |
…specific associations with particular Glomus group A lineages; fungal taxa from the underground massive gametophytes of two Botrychium species (Winther and Friedman 2007) and seven Lycopodiaceae species (Winther and Friedman 2008) form a monophyletic clade, and Psilotum nudum (Winther and… | background | Discussion | c4be615a53b2d1b6484f6b7888c7bcf822ab5066 | 80d9ec6d56799e96bf5e3e99ff0f904892820308 |
Among those algorithms [27-29], three popular ones are adopted in our experiments: Naïve Bayes (NB) [32], Decision Tree (C4. | method | 4.2 Experimental Setup | c69e3b5c27a1e05e59c6333e20c62750e536f2f8 | 50287b978d60343ba3dd5225dffc86eb392722c8 |
The method of induction of CHF by rapid pacing has been described in detail previously (30, 31). | method | METHODS | 4e4748418ad4dfd18c13e0fa2899d789abb451b8 | 9b9a74128424ef71ca7cff5f6d5c2775f55ddda4 |
In agreement with findings showing that PLCb1 is mostly located at presynaptic sites (Fukaya et al., 2008) and with its apparent absence from the PSD-95 complex (Dosemeci et al. | background | Technical considerations | 80160aee8cdcbc26e6b65dd28fd07246c349140c | 9b191008e5ce88ef5fb79694fa7fb8d7ab10170b |
PAR has been described using the image of a spiral (Williamson et al., 2004), and various authors report the suitability of the application of this method to the management of change within organizations (Coghlan and Casey, 2001; Coyer et al. | method | Background | 95c39aec660c32b4ea8aad1b70a965dfa5098268 | 9f1edb9cb0399a10bb9db6f3d6371fecfc2e6708 |
The CatWalk system provides a detailed analysis of gait, which has been described in detail elsewhere.(15) A detailed gait analysis was made using the CatWalk system at 3 hours before injury, and at 12 hours; 1, 2, and 3 days; and 1, 2, and 3 weeks after muscle contusion. | method | METHODS | cafd06052fa5653697fc2bc6ed93dd6e7adb71c2 | ef12bb814ef04f97af1d7c911ec13a0221733b1b |
High methane emissions from water-saturated soil have been demonstrated in numerous studies (Dinsmore et al. 2009; Askaer et al. 2011; Yang et al. 2013). | background | Discussion | b66eb0bfa520726f50d86a62388c086c7046a6cd | d8431c25f60a51517a29162ed70df2de35ee156f |
…Dynamics in Other Polyploids
The types of complex genetic interactions between duplicated homeologous loci which are possible after polyploidization are best documented in plants, where allopolyploidy in particular is a pervasive phenomenon (Otto and Whitton 2000; Wendel 2000; Doyle and Egan 2010). | background | Discussion | c0b049ec76818ff3d2e770a3db35a09611f91b86 | e8677fa2cb25697433bb1d6df9d35b1bea9f618e |
2 of our ISCA 2012 paper [66] shows that the performance improvement of our three mechanisms over a subarray-oblivious baseline increases with a greater number | background | 3. Experimental Methodology | df63fdb20669a8b7d3ba7dafebf75b9a94d7ba46 | 4390f4a06a036b8f04cbb4fe7611fa5af9492797 |
Emab inhibited IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) production of blood B cells isolated from healthy donors and SLE patients in response to BCR crosslinking alone or in combination with TLR9 ligand CpG [56]. | background | Background | bd579df4d1d880f0a8b6d781317bc307aef881e3 | a49ae4ca06c2c23793ec2067d5ef5ed4db109162 |
Electroretinograms (ERGs) were recorded under controlled conditions that conformed to the standards of the International Society of Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision.(15) Briefly, photopic ERGs were elicited by a single flash or a 30-Hz flicker stimulus of red light under light-adapted conditions (cone-isolated resp... | method | METHODS | 628f66ec91953fe52efd6a96e176ee7f66dbb77b | 401bfebe525afa1d081611a142fd76c894dd9d59 |
the spin order from the symmetrization order of the nascent protons to the 13C nucleus [11,24]. | background | Methods | aa04588c952331955dbc6b3719624666717e4e4f | ce6bcdb1076b32ce7663a74675c9eb2417848210 |
This result was in accordance with the
findings that oxidation could impair water-binding in meat (Huff-Lonergan and Lonergan, 2005; Morzel et al., 2006). | result | DISCUSSION | 78f99a9a83c157c1422b88896bf945606fbacabc | 73ccd6dc25a318819a7eac8b916dbe6cd056f578 |
Non-systematic reviews “Review” Methods Although there is no single database reliably showing the true number of SRs or RCTs [6], we used PubMed as the basis of our search. | method | a3035f3650a0b608be017ec2c214934a179a327a | 8c1a16f46dab795718760e7aa1260365c97d1b1a | |
Yager [32], Kacprzyk and Yager [7], Kacprzyk, Yager and Zadro ny [8, 9]) whose essence is that a set of data, e. | background | 1. Introduction | c9411482609c16153ee6642525cbe322036f323d | c7c7eb67ff0527cfac32ced00dcf7df09efe8b39 |
This project had 4 distinct interventions: (1) literature review, (2) product selection, (3) policy and operational changes, and (4) staff training. | background | Methods | c68aa2399ed2c2fdcb1c686e8756eb6af886514e | c4b84b6c3a20fba285db7f6133a4ad86e440ae01 |
cells are highly metastatic to the liver, while Caco-2 cells do not induce liver metastasis when intrasplenically injected into nude mice (39,40). | background | Results | ef47290b53a1228ace8c71fd9555b15d78a581ab | b03480fbdb3f5bc714a49bed5f8b3bd79f8e6bc1 |
…double blind crossover pattern separated by 7 days, which has been previously demonstrated to allow suYcient time to ensure that there are no eVects of previous supplementation on subsequent blood hormone and chemical analysis (Brown et al. 1999, 2000b, 2002; King et al. 1999; Earnest et al. 2000). | method | Methods | 7924f19df136dce49adf0802a2cb4f9699867447 | 84daefdac9e4466ef54854d65893dd462a827a8d |
A selection of real-time beat tracking algorithms have been developed that might be suitable for such a task, including B-Keeper [19], a specialised drum tracking system, IBT∼ [20], a multi-agent system based on Dixon’s Beatroot [21], and btrack∼ [7] and beatseeker∼ [8] which use autocorrelation. | method | 2. METHODOLOGY | 96b9da7a353b40b9744e25e5312c104972f5a828 | dfa6162cdf8524def8a0cf93a9beb9b7818c3321 |
The next communication [2] considered the most general characteristics of the parameter of spa tial EEG synchronization (the average in each of the fre quency bands of the EEG’s coherence value), such as multiplicity, directedness, and reproducibility of varia tions of this parameter owing to the change of state of the... | background | INTRODUCTION | 15df16647fe08cfa55f6394466051a15de669bc0 | 6df06870159aba56e4a428513000e7bc4de96003 |
Other plant D-type cyclins contain putative phosphorilation sites at similar positions in regions rich in these amino acids (Menges et al. 2007) but their functionality and their potential biological roles are unknown. | background | Discussion | bd51b37b0a1c520f0463535e63232e9336cf0a90 | da0746558cecaad6681c199c44b8ed7d128848e5 |
Pro-inflammatory cytokines can further impair synaptic plasticity by inhibiting production of neurotrophins like BDNF, inhibiting long-term potentiation, and altering the architecture of dendrites (Jurgens et al., 2012; Lynch, 2002; Milatovic et al., 2003; Richwine et al., 2008; Tong et al., 2008). | background | 1. Introduction | 18b89f75137589df772362d609de4a62d4737703 | b121138f6ac1008f370ae830a72133ba389eb8ac |
An iterative backward Ring model (Sioris et al., 2002) is used to remove the Ring effect from OS limb spectra, before performing the DOAS LSQ fit. | method | 3 Methodology | 5961b245685463b26c0fa4a2fe0172fa41dd1d37 | ccdfcfecd7000cfeb7c018a419dfbf073d3ff74f |
As another well-known difference in clinical presentation between patients with HSH and FHHNC, serum PTH levels are inappropriately suppressed (<3 pg/mL) or below normal (5–12 pg/mL) in HSH patients during phases of severe hypomagnesaemia, whereas they are usually elevated in patients with FHHNC [2], which can also be ... | background | Discussion | 785d26e6592278f48c9eb68eb1e3388788c76b32 | 35c27b0c0db73af7303c0a95efa90479afb04fed |
Their scoring method involves the use of fine-grained POS tags, the Stanford Temporal Tagger (Chang and Manning, 2012), and a number of heuristic rules, which resulted in a confirmation that tense agreement statistics are predictive of implicativeness, illustrated in part by observing a near perfect separation of a lis... | method | 5 Experiments | 4d62a1e7819f9e3f8c837832c66659db5a6d9b37 | b74dc11004d7f8c34036d2572e1a79369ead36b3 |
Currently, the term of parity refers to the numbers of maternal parturition processes of live birth [15]. | background | 1 236 (34.1) 0.80 (0.68–0.95) 0.84 (0.71–1.01) 130 (36.9) 0.90 (0.72–1.13) 0.88 (0.70–1.10) 4403 (38.9) | 656242c7daa88d31072313f6103d20b3585a9d49 | e53eb28833bb5be0eca10d9d0be00a25e9d52470 |
We also found that most spa t437 isolates belonged to SCCmecIV, SCCmecVT, and ST59, similar to the results of a previous studies on CA-MRSA [7,49,50]. | result | Discussion | 7fffbd3a88df2310d612d9cb5672a9fad7c5713f | 23167b1279f5d3543c3caa28cf6c2c44791ae195 |
…by changes in cyclin–
CDK complexes, and if control of the cell cycle is disrupted, progress through the cycle might be stimulated by overexpressed cyclins, enhanced CDK activity or inactivated CDK inhibitors (Hunter and Pines, 1994; Sherr, 1995; Malumbres and Barbacid, 2001; Chulu and Liu, 2009). | background | Discussion | 0ec5bf54921fb55a66383970dbf9040724e281e4 | c824fde7bf52707c957aeb5c297268efb9d9a669 |
In the present modeling study, as in the physiological study by Kawase et al. (1993), the stochastic variability associated with neural spike counts was used to predict perceptual ability based on single AN fibers for both detection and discrimination tasks. | method | METHODS | e149683783a32667a44f90d701564426fb00a396 | 100b490c76e62a8f723acaca3902d55738fcf755 |
The gradient of VS with pressure becomes less steep above 40 GPa in contrast to its trend at lower pressures, which appears similar to the behavior of SiO2 glass (Murakami and Bass 2010) and MgSiO3 glass (Murakami and Bass 2011) (Fig. | background | Results and discussion | fb42dd12354e6964f9dafa61d491be22e14ba2cd | 0ab1037b498a9c0fa5746d0330e8dcef5db71133 |
The involvement of the clock in Pai-1 gene regulation has been described (Maemura et al., 2000; Minami et al., 2002; Schoenhard et al., 2003; Oishi et al., 2005a; Chong et al., 2006; Oishi et al., 2007), although the precise molecular mechanism on how the clock regulates the intrinsic daily expression of Pai-1 transcri... | background | 1. Introduction | be51b97b6e0d58fd27c925bf7fd41c4dd0c74aa4 | a7712eb406fe6603f4c106def99783fdd7358932 |
There are several key mechanisms in tumorigenesis that may involve Hh/GLI signaling [11,13]; first, inactivating mutations in the negative regulators PTCH or SUFU, or activating mutations in the positive regulator SMO cause pathway activation in a cellautonomous and Hh ligand independent manner [5,26–28]; secondly, lig... | background | Introduction | 2df49d447fea4af459bc2ee636b824b8a2ee5b60 | 6fb1f651519abaab9020c1e517a37e4bcb79c29b |
Previous grafting studies showed that plant hormones such as cytokinin and ABA can be transported from root to leaves to regulate leaf senescence (McKenzie et al. 1998; Catterou et al. 2002; Dong et al. 2008a). | background | Discussion | c73ba50857f08d2a8262b3f6a3e3de5b6bc50027 | 51474c521cd1ba63e235cc34ec7001ef7e4fb247 |
Ecological risks of Japanese knotweed include outcompeting native plants, directly for light and water and indirectly via alleopathy (Dommanget et al. 2014), and changing habitat structure for animals (Engler et al. | background | Method | 3eb18f289c971c7d26e2a8dd1b93dbd6dceecc61 | 687e23c355a693dceffe2ddeda6c01c025a89901 |
Authors have identified psychiatric syndromes such as anxiety, depression, and behavioural affective and conversion disorders in people with epilepsy [8-18]. | background | Introduction | 0836370798455c51ed51fea8fee7b23d4f485e65 | 79b276ac65ee9681e5bde87a1d7c960606652aef |
All likelihoods which the GMM produced are normalized by measurement length and then a decision tree constructed by the classification and regression tree (CART) algorithm [11] uses them for sensor fusion. | background | 1 Introduction | 21f9aaea4108bfcde2c446621be87bcab74290f3 | df5a9aeb6ad2ebda81afc7e0377bcd770a3c19f9 |
…characterization of AD (Brown & Storandt, 2000; Carlesimo, Perri, & Caltagirone, 2011; Grober & Kawas, 1997; Grober et al., 2008b; Mahieux et al., 2009; Sarazin et al., 2010; Vogel, Mortensen, Gade, & Waldemar, 2007) and aMCI (Ivanoiu et al., 2005; Saka et al., 2006; Wagner et al., 2012). | background | Introduction | 9462acef826a6b495fe8fb281660ee4418bb840e | 21aaceb3fc27e8cc831e25191d967daa0d8962bf |
Fluorescence studies The GFP-PlyG fusion protein was expressed and purified as described [46]. | method | 00e7e355e397eecfdc5c3b8071d0a342c3029113 | 770e5c093077d0677cc2c4714829bb3089ff622d | |
While livestock farming in grasslands is detrimental to biodiversity in general (Donald et al. 2002; Muchai 2002; Dennis et al. 2008), if managed correctly it is likely the most biodiversity-friendly form of land use (Muchai 2002; Little et al. 2013). | background | Introduction | d388588cbc8aef4f1eba7b56f1571191370f6e75 | 7348e48de2ad238df345015c6b9c42830bee728b |
…border cell specification and migration, and significantly reduces female fertility, loss of apt, Socs36E, or miR279 does not result in sterility, as not all egg chambers are equally affected (Starz-Gaiano et al., 2008; Yoon et al., 2011; Montell et al., 2012; Monahan and Starz-Gaiano, 2013). | background | 1. Introduction | 8e8ae21e5037bd6683ffc9fd74af69bd1a3caa62 | 2d274069727fc97ceb9ee63900591447297ab966 |
Graphical Representation of Goal Recognition MLN
State_t2
Action_t2
Goal_t2
Loc_t2 State_t1
Action_t1
Goal_t1
Loc_t1
(Blaylock and Allen 2003). | background | 6. Evaluation | 731f4b9498ec9276c76f8bf1e3c32a50eb9394ab | a4cf4bb41fb0b6fa978fd1456e86308218c8e882 |
Unlike most non-reference SNP calling protocols, UNEAK does not require a partially sequenced genome, contigs from additional sequencing platforms [17–20], or a transcriptome to serve as a pseudo reference genome [21]. | background | b8a18619f2a81108397e4fbd5faba89e29755dc0 | 94660605276e5907b7eddc185f931fd9dc8e483e | |
These “sciences of the artificial” (Simon, 1996) revolve around the development of solutions and improvements to real-world problems (Holmström et al., 2009). | background | Methodology | f104a3a2693ee78c2933f67f611a344bc6e1d987 | 11877ad1b3e5ccebbdf02cbe6c6015c82661e550 |
However, not all invasive species display clinal differentiation [24,25], perhaps due to the wide range of genetic, demographic, developmental and environmental factors that influence evolutionary divergence of plant populations in new habitats [1,26–29]. | background | Introduction | db88b652c31438045a3c781cc1cdf032efe857e5 | 9128005934a59b506fb1b028187865924451607a |
…in fetuses with NT ≥3.5 mm. Previous studies neither documented a diagnostic yield of 22q11 analysis after detection of first trimester increased NT (Donnenfeld et al., 2006; Lautrup et al., 2008) nor did two recent studies using MLPA analyses similar to those in the present study (Roselló et… | result | DISCUSSION | 349fe6a50948191201e0defe28518965e1762eb3 | 969f790fc0ce3af2df25cd714b362d5e680059e5 |
Hypermethylations of the RARb2 gene having been reported in many studies declared that the frequency of RARb methylation was found to be significantly higher in patients group compared with controls [21,26–37]. | result | Discussion | 2eb4969576aa13487c087bcadfce196a46a96405 | f375431b6149f1d5b2013ab305619799bcb4eefc |
The initiation and progression of leaf senescence in cotton can be affected by a number of environmental factors such as nutrient deficiency (Wright 1999) and drought (Radin 1981; Marani et al. 1985), or internal factors like
phytohormones (Yong et al. 2000; Dong et al. 2008a). | background | Introduction | c73ba50857f08d2a8262b3f6a3e3de5b6bc50027 | 51474c521cd1ba63e235cc34ec7001ef7e4fb247 |
…techniques were used for the quantification of RAM in the biological fluids including liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) (Gupta et al., 2011; Pilli et al., 2011; Patel et al., 2014), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (Kurade et al., 2009) and… | method | INTRODUCTION | 0cd0fb36362d4b4a17eb57ecf952c553bac85c9a | 104773ef83b4af176d9eb918ec59c6d977e0d99b |
The D279N mutant, as has been observed before [12], showed a retarded migration on gel equivalent to a ,2. | background | Results | d2605ca7b58ac66cbefa4386f4cad160f28bcbde | e0b61df5d34345a17cdef827270d9400705d3675 |
We performed two different searches under the HKI + G model (previously estimated by Modeltest excluding from the dataset the outgroup sequences) assuming the two ND4 specific divergence rates proposed by Pinho
et al. (2007) for lacertids. | method | 2.5. Divergence time estimates | 74550376562198b2562163dbc31f03e1848b9446 | 46eb1c649d4543ee472094c2d5e2bb243eb532a2 |
…in all cases, including the maintaining of the second character in focus (Image 4; see the graphs in the Supplement for the “image by image” presentation of the results), it is interesting to further consider the distinctions between our task and the one
developed by Hendriks et al. (2014). | background | Effects of Discourse Stages on Adjustment of Reference Markers | ed60fe5cf0b2947f812a3d19d533d0f644b67b0d | 5af4e6e8d6e7a25cb37a9d52e87a1f28b4464e04 |
Similar results in head and neck carcinomas also showed p16-/HPV+ cases, although in lower frequencies [49-51]. | result | Discussion | 062f761b21d005596c885d0160900edd6b316d4e | 4da416318accdde3eb69d32eb11e591a366b7bf1 |
[35] Metres An average distance per stroke was taken from 20 to 30 and 35 to 45 each 50 m, using a video performance device, and distance per stroke was then calculated Strokes. | method | fb77c4e7eabf78a74edbb58a8f8c8093c7f43c30 | 25f7210be4449d4fec53f0bf97aef9764242306a | |
Macrobenthic organisms were classified into five different feeding groups: detritivores (surface-deposit feeders, SDF; suspension feeders, SF; subsurfacedeposit feeders, SSDF), herbivores (He) and predators (PR), according to Bianchi & Morri (1985), Gambi & Giangrande (1985), Scipione (1989), Russo (1989), Russo et al.... | background | Materials and methods | 20d4e4ed3fe881e79da4571fcc3aa8bc6e83b99c | 18aed8693441c7211cf111d0523a6311ef797129 |
The cDNA produced was homopolymer dC-tailed and annealed into dG-tailed PstI-cut plasmid pAT153, and used to transform Escherichia coli strain HB101 (Maniatis et al., 1982). | method | METHODS | dcf6d4c994e1e5d1938021acb34c522abbc3beef | c30b6d3724c7242543c31f2d2b6423ef61255542 |
This transient response to +CO2 has been observed in several experiments (Norby and others 1999; Körner 2006). | background | Changes in CO2 and O3 Effects Through Time | 2ab057d0cdf27726b44454e4a35184a46bb1215a | 95d818f089f256ffdfabbcb1157a3701ab1bd15e |
[13] as the average pairwise nucleic acid distance between all sequences at time t, is here measured with the standard deviation of P(d,t) as | method | Results | ca4d2aef7421153f0f2c93db54a3e06a4942d329 | a0ecd52bfe814e4941617cb23ba53b88a15397c7 |
These bacteria encase themselves in a hydrated matrix of polysaccharide and protein, causing their inherent resistance to antibiotic therapy, neutrophil function, phagocytes, and antibodies.(18,19) Another part of this biofilm that is composed of hostderived glycoproteins, such as fibrinogen, fibronectin, collagen, and... | background | Treatments of Ethanol Locks in 75 Patients101 | 450ba3612d36a55c2865ebf15b0e3ee09d6aedb1 | a555ca5cd51aa6a7e46ab0188780b9076852a14d |
Preclinical studies have demonstrated that ixazomib has antitumor activity similar to that of bortezomib [11, 14, 15]. | background | INTRODUCTION | 656571ac01ebe50489fdd7e4651194cc3fc4eaf8 | 4b8d3c91b321226b55df916411cbdf807ce8b067 |
Alternative provenance definitions are ontology-based and not specific to an execution technology: Provenir [20, 21], the Provenance Vocabulary [22], PASOA [23], OPMV [24], PML [25], and the Open Provenance Model [26]. | background | 3.3. Provenance-based Reproducibility | 2cb4877a529f8cfe68115ff628677d12d90e9561 | 01f8ef1a7e7e9c2786578a1687e6cf03df99d7c2 |
Another set of techniques, recently introduced in a variety of settings, relaxes the correspondence problem into that of looking for matches between probability distributions (as done in soft maps [39], or general real-valued functions (e. | background | 1. Introduction | 61c87ab40835f7439b7f775efa19798b4f124e1d | b34ed4e673a44d41168bb7168c314b0cf027e8e9 |
…were retrospective (Okada et al., 2002; Tsujimura et al., 2002; Ramasamy et al., 2005) and the two remaining studies were pseudo-randomized controlled studies (Colpi et al., 2009; Ghalayini et al., 2011); these last two studies were randomized based on the waiting list for the operative theatre. | background | RESULTS | 471ff2f6fff41e64350168b059ac3f13696c1c09 | b69aa2af017d1a5332e34ee0cc8e7890abb504c1 |
The muscles were parameterized using the mechanical Hill-Type Muscle model, the tendons have been calibrated accordingly [32]. | method | 2.2. Methods | 2b59baab9ee2d74a738f234e3648ce26fe1e2060 | 13fe4c9febb7655fb042562219aea9ccce597935 |
Our results on working memory performance are similar to those of earlier studies (e.g. Archbold et al., 2009; Cosentino et al., 2008; Naegele et al., 2006) in showing impaired working memory in the OSA group. | result | DISCUSSION | f3a20cc2b353eb2ba3a01704b5394ef862000ca5 | 7c3bbc71e9e07ee9f3d319f8b13197120d7ff051 |
Isolation of monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) from HIV-infected individuals, has identified four main epitope targets—the membrane proximal external region (MPER) in gp41, targeted by Mabs such as 10E8 [13], 4E10 [14], and 2F5 [15], the CD4-binding site, targeted by Mabs such as VRC01 [16], NIH45-46W [17,18], and HJ16 [19]... | background | Introduction | e88e189e0c72cd1377651a3d481ff2af88073323 | 804a13f93e37caca6dbbb215b3f9bdc406328dfd |
The signal transduction pathways delineated in this and other studies (Qin et al. 2005, Hu et al. 2007, Seol et al. 2007, Neves et al. 2008b, Vyazovskiy et al. 2008) thus provide convergent evidence for intriguing links between behavioural state and memory control (Walker & Stickgold 2006,… | background | Functional implications | 767e8635fd7fed2d5bba5157898fa1fdeff68483 | 77ab035674b4e260dc7a8ad7c26fc44778ef1d96 |
Functional outcome was assessed using the system adopted by the musculoskeletal tumour Society (MSTS) for the functional evaluation of reconstructive procedures after skeletal resection [15], and a patient-reported measure of disability, the Toronto extremity salvage score (TESS) [16]. | method | 2. METHODS | ecf1f84c75ef2a3a98bbde8736ba60452c0d682e | a8feb3a8b71b71b9ee64750c7f5fa6c12e89001b |
In turn, quantification at the transcript level is also necessary to accurately estimate the expression of a given gene, which is merely the sum of all its isoforms (Jiang and Wong, 2009; Turro et al., 2011; Trapnell et al., 2013). | background | Results | 39c68a095d58f0cd5f54e942fee4b22a9c2fd9fe | 7c77cd228aef0769225ede4056c91726153bf986 |
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