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, 1997), have focused on representing specific tasks and domains, the attention has shifted to more general purpose schemas such as the Dialogue Act Markup using Several Layers (DAMSL) (Allen, 1997) and the ISO 24617-2(Bunt et al., 2010; Bunt et al., 2012), a standard for dialog act annotation. | background | 1. Introduction | dfc2be0a46fc009e5053dcc0d581f37677cbe3ff | 016293fd7901a77538fc361d8c4fa49aefc4cabd |
Variability in the data, in terms of variability of each behavior relative to the variability of other behaviors, and the total variance of the whole composition, is described in Appendix 3 through a variation matrix [11, 16] within each domain. | background | Compositional approach | 7b99ab494e460d0f50fadac2846cfc3da5b9cc07 | 26e3231050045c392eb982c52747c0cf1c3a90ec |
5 ms than a larger response (Sanger et al. 2001; Roshan et al. 2003) because SICI depends on the inhibition of late I-waves that are only recruited in larger MEPs. | background | Discussion | 43763b0d91805b7beaedd79f44057b7b5ab8f0c9 | d499c7c0d3b907c1bf7a6f61c239599c02d5a1df |
…of people and evaluations of self are associated with medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) activity (e.g., Vogeley et al. 2001; Harris et al. 2005; Mitchell et al. 2005; Ochsner et al. 2005; Lindner et al. 2008; Krienen et al. 2010 but see Kelley et al. 2002). | background | Introduction | 0194f973fb5ed6367f1d76b238b3d3399faa68cb | 646b48fe86f98e439e617c739a2c3c59c84b8eae |
8 percent for selected rules Snort and ClamAV, compared with several existing bit-split string matching approaches in [8], [9], [10], and [4]. | result | 1 INTRODUCTION | 026b7cae6eb1dfa570ddc4100135ff7b5023b6de | 0b29c289bc5f0fa7e51090d1ad00654754b68b94 |
[43] Results from this trial have been fully reported in several published papers.[43-46] Some of the results differ slightly between published papers. | result | Dosage and | de806db19e611f692e0d069aa8053220986524cc | 3beae5d88887810293d47eb60dbef3f33c71f849 |
As noted by Schoonbaert and Grainger (2004) and by Dehaene et al. (2005), in models using open-bigram coding schemes (Grainger & van Heuven, 2003; Whitney, 2001), repeated letters imply repetition at the bigram level. | method | Method | 5b56a823a057580066ab49f18ce5a634ea353d25 | 31c4fb0ef2b9d7f692e626977cd0f2e129dd05ea |
There is consistent evidence pointing to the contribution of a membrane receptor in dopaminergic neuroprotection exerted by estradiol [10, 33]. | background | 3.1. GPER localization on the cells of the ventral mesencephalon | d67d3f2b315999a87d5e8956ba754f9d1d7f88ff | cbd59360917490ea9a05feea6419340a36dc0427 |
We note that although PSIPRED was not optimized for peptides, the resulting fragment libraries showed in practice good coverage of the peptide conformational space (in concordance with a recent report by Vanhee et al. that most peptide-protein interactions can be represented by fragment sets derived from single, non-re... | method | Methods | 1859eb9273884fc6934da520f8b5e80fd5500f9e | 6c0f105bd664bd41ed8e0c4a9784a98b6953026a |
White-nose syndrome has often been assumed to be the key cause of regional population declines in hibernating bat species in the region we studied, due to repeated observations of mass mortality events associated with the disease [22,32,34,86]. | background | Discussion | d74d8058dd5a6c88b446beb0628355625b4085c1 | 4cbb84a073485d58a878072f69fde86a8c422a95 |
…were aimed at confirming the presence of PLCb1 in close vicinity to postsynaptic densities as previously observed by biochemical (Taguchi et al., 2007) and ultrastructural approaches (Fukaya et al., 2008), as well as to define the precise location of nuclear PLCb1 in native nervous tissue. | result | General observations | 80160aee8cdcbc26e6b65dd28fd07246c349140c | 9b191008e5ce88ef5fb79694fa7fb8d7ab10170b |
…be accepted when different inhibitor concentrations are assayed and if consistent results are obtained as follows: the best-fitting model possesses the same number of components with the same amplitudes and kinetic constants for each tested inhibitor concentrations (Estévez and Vilanova 2009). | background | Introduction | 837e203c03e8c7aca1d6a5eff16da685f83fa807 | 9c7168cb9caf4dbb9c9e4455f4b0bc8a5304fab1 |
Additionally, it is important to consider that most studies linking higher vancomycin MIC values to poorer therapeutic outcome have used Etest.(16,64,65) When treating individual patients with daptomycin, clinicians should also be aware that there are rare daptomycin nonsusceptible isolates present in this population o... | background | Discussion | 2d713b4daaaeba1a1880961e289c4ed8a0da765a | b4847a212095e8bb97d0ce3209b3429cef5ea6a0 |
A stock Tween 80 conidia suspension containing 6.4 x 10 8 conidia/ml was freshly prepared according to Rosengaus et al. (1998). | method | Preparation of conidia suspensions | f9e9bef98a81a43ce7b700822e03423273186029 | 7b2b2256858a4d7d4a273db9dd3a643b2fadc055 |
Nevertheless, in establishing and keeping stable social relations, ‘negative’ stimuli are necessary (Ohl, 2011). | background | INTRODUCTION | 8ab3d17deb1b8d43e62a45dd194007a5dac4e8d7 | e8bc1a021050c0121c8cad1972940c2ff38bcdaf |
Similar to our results, the heart exhibited a high AhRR mRNA content (Korkalainen et al. 2004). | result | Discussion | 5e0cd28026ed80b7327a875f57f3abe3e228a7da | 300758b1dbeb87861c339135ab98e02cd2e41159 |
…that the activation of mTOR signaling is necessary for the increases in protein synthesis and muscle mass that occur in response to elevated mechanical loading (Bodine et al., 2001; Drummond et al., 2009; Goodman et al., 2011a; Gundermann et al., 2014; Hornberger et al., 2004; Kubica et al., 2005). | background | INTRODUCTION | 0eb995565abac581fca293f6648e0bbbca262ea2 | 0593fe46483ca581bb7792fe9c3d9d16fdd76ceb |
The balls usually have a theme that guides how HBC members will represent their categories for that ball event, along with core categories for each dominant gender, ‘butch queen’ (gay and bisexual men) and ‘femme queen’ (transgender women) (Galindo, 2013). | background | Introduction | 3ad3837dbb7812a0baf839d8eb88f50035cab156 | 6b85dce37b745ebafac661f6fad5bfad943f1513 |
This iterative method allowed for the identification, analysis and reporting of patterns (themes) that had arisen within the data (Braun and Clarke 2006). | method | Methods | 69532d1bac7199fcdcb2ef103b2c90beb2ff7d93 | 0218370d599af1b573c815de3c0aae5c47866ff8 |
In a recent elegant study performed on choroid plexuses obtained from neonatal and adult rats and in an in vitro model of the blood-CSF barrier, the active transport of Mn through the basolateral membrane of epithelial cells was shown to be partially saturable, unidirectional (from the blood to the CSF) and influenced ... | background | bc09324695e21a5c6c2f77b81bb8b7d0c2e58e85 | 5eb143b29f153d9c2bb042793094af6a029af21c | |
WAT collection and flow cytometry As we previously described (5, 11), human WAT (>150 samples) was obtained after the signature of an informed consent from women undergoing breast reconstruction. | background | 33faf9c0b0ea2292ec82800186ca82e54b087ecf | 3c5f1e4b17a53cc4636cb9994b1c12fa0a409a47 | |
United Stated were treated with radiotherapy, and this number is expected to increase in the next several years [1]. | method | Introduction | 99157fcb1c38914a7a11543cf2ddca71999ac647 | 8f06f8edcf5e2ec029ae91d3f52f696b655acf1b |
Such truncated phospholipids can activate PMNs, monocytes, eosinophils as well as platelets and are validated to be the major components of oxidized low density lipoprotein (OxLDL) that promotes atherogenesis [16,25,26] in atherosclerotic plaque [27], smokers and alcoholic blood [28,29], inflamed tissues [30] and in mo... | background | 1. Introduction | ca553e48356333cdd5b9ad787e3eb6b67dc99f38 | 96c2ad2361d4619b9b0e4de33faa9dded603f49d |
In order to discern differential sensitivity to apoptosis under NG and HG conditions HG- and NG- treated cells were exposed to the apoptotic inducer DTT [37]. | method | Results | 0a31e2777efd6fdadb4d363c064d5660fb8f4601 | 2ca354d9e4b6b54fbc83cb1ed137e02124a28ce1 |
Moreover, canids are the only known eutherian mammals to carry a Prdm9 which has acquired disruptive mutations (Mu~noz-Fuentes et al. 2011; Ponting 2011; Axelsson et al. 2012) (a marsupial, the opossum Monodelphis domestica, has a Prdm9 which lacks zinc fingers; Ponting 2011). | background | Introduction | d8f915342dee431558368107381583a6db146135 | da1bfc89bdd64622df21b78a99235ec0d2512ba7 |
Particularly, in non-psychiatric patients, it has repeatedly been found that an increased use of maladaptive strategies, like avoidant coping and/or decreased use of adaptive strategies involving emotionfocused or problem-focused strategies were associated with suicidal behaviour (D’Zurilla et al., 1998; Li & Zhang, 20... | background | Introduction | e263d81cb5972ae489aec719b32fcba68efff806 | cf2cb88d58aeb69a3cd33792a084e98de9a302bc |
05).
by guest on O ctober 6, 2016
http://brain.oxfordjournals.org/ D ow nloaded from
both KCNQ and Kir2 potassium currents (Galarraga et al., 1999;
Shen et al., 2005, 2007), thereby favouring LTP induction
(Calabresi et al., 2000; Bonsi et al., 2008). | background | Discussion | 9d1c38923868aad077de91a389a27f72d592d329 | badee7f8b87dbf9d38775bebaad489d664fe0ef3 |
Thr545 of ACAP4 is a cognate substrate of MST4 Our recent work has established the essential role of MST4 in gastric parietal cell activation (11). | background | RESULTS | 21eff5d5f5555a0dcf67c538c65a5e07cc954c5f | a502f5919d1ca7d3d567e053d1f0032a6466d152 |
As done by the speech expert, the feature vectors resulting from featur vector concatenation were processed by the VAD (Section 4.2). | method | 4.6 Experiments | 54b53a2ed381a5f6564a817a55b2e119b74b4d54 | 0fc5b0a4d38a6ae1b5ce9bb347b82e3ef3505859 |
…of Ubc9 and Smt3 arrest with short spindles and high levels of Pds1
It was reported previously that yeast ubc9 D cells, which were kept alive by UBC9
expressed from the galactoseinducible GAL1-10
promoter, arrested in mitosis upon promoter shut-off in glucose medium (Seufert et al
., 1995). | background | Results | 676b19ba1c40fedf4d27a3f48a766ac20b960f8e | fe2fd3262b549d1b36898127e3cc7ca1c1dd3646 |
Based on recent knowledge, cells may not opt for the germline mutation in an attempt to counteract haploinsufficiency, which, as shown for BRCA1, results in genomic instability and premature senescence in human breast epithelial cells [29]. | background | Discussion | c2828b699d162d6be6ce7f0758805211a9857c2b | 408ed04d44d17697dd55f845fd89b9b61762c1e2 |
…neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-pheyl-1,2,3,6tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) to mimic the key clinical and pathological features of PD in man and subhuman primate species has provided a useful model in which to study treatment strategies for PD (Ballard et al., 1985; Burns et al., 1983; Crossman et al., 1987). | background | Introduction | 9accc6e10bc2a8fbaed590e4fd47ecb5ee60ea34 | 5412e3c06240e242a7ff01952d0721f427b37aa9 |
In accordance with previous studies, we used a cut-off score of .85 to assign participants to the high versus low cardiac perception group (e.g. Montoya et al., 1993; Pollatos et al., 2005; Schandry et al., 1986). | method | Methods | 4d71997d699a6252509902cf15864b877d916eba | 6cd2e9b306612cdaa727ebf1eef5e662276cb9a2 |
Concentration data were requested for As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn, which represent the most common (and most commonly measured) pollutants discharged from abandoned metal mines in England and Wales (Mayes et al., 2009). | method | 2. Methods | 634a616f098b8e7c9c444aa16ae44df468a6d2a2 | 47800e6f09219024bea962b84c49cc40ac9b2640 |
…some extensions of the above factorization methods are proposed, including the TrAnsfer Learning for MUltiple Domains (TALMUD) (Moreno et al., 2012), the extended Cluster-level Latent Factor Model (CLFM) (GAO ET AL., 2013B;A) and the Cross-Domain Triadic Factorization (CDTF) (Hu et al., 2013). | method | 1. Introduction | 94cd3445ba69b80253de533a76c4de8ed7bc19c3 | be6342fa3a4a7ffedf2cbab1b7ea4f75ed80f8f0 |
P-VS plots of SA1 from 11 to 60 GPa are fitted with a fourth order polynomial (R 2 = 0.9933) and P-VS plots of SA2 from 10 to 59 GPa are fitted with a quadratic function (R2 = 0.9957)
also observed in SiO2 glass (Murakami and Bass 2010) and MgSiO3 glass (Murakami and Bass 2011). | background | Results and discussion | fb42dd12354e6964f9dafa61d491be22e14ba2cd | 0ab1037b498a9c0fa5746d0330e8dcef5db71133 |
To facilitate detection of metagenomic SSU rRNA sequences matching sequences in the SILVA database (release 126) [12], all bacterial SSU rRNA sequences ≥ 1200 bp deposited in the SILVA database (release 126) [12] were added to the initial data set and a second clustering at 97% and consecutively 85% sequence similarity... | method | Methods | 64232dcf6889bf7a98585d82641cf6cd1339f9ff | 86f8921112e92b76dd8d62468d9cc2c8dcc78a1f |
quency (2–32 kHz), and the range of BFs mapped in all regions covered the range of pinna-related frequency and ILD cues in the rat (Koka et al., 2008; Tollin and Koka, 2009). | background | Results | 7ec102746b50af4549ff328e649f7c9c875bcd2f | 3da8310618b8d9488ab6d6ee10bfcce927a47891 |
The effect of O2 appears to be mediated at least in part by prolyl 4-hydroxylation of Skp1, because elevated O2 levels are required by phyA – and Skp1-overexpression strains, and lower O2 is required by PhyA overexpression and Skp1B cells [10,24]. | background | Results | 93be00306300885a956165f4654d94b05e5c7959 | f249596513f8317b7a8e4bac5d961d2a404620dd |
Availability of high biological value of animal proteins, essential amino acids and fatty acids, vitamins and other nutrients are the other reasons to ensure its popularity among masses (Biesalski, 2005). | background | 1. Introduction | 99a76c4da41f60b9ea38e14672298bfcd8b922bb | d98169cb59d2cc3360d35296332f4d208b39f105 |
shown to produce similar outcomes to FU-based chemotherapy.(122,123) The next major advance came with the addition of bevaci- | method | Colorectal Cancer | c73d0116a45ac9b4b2b086bb269aef179bcd44ee | 4fb3d558706fa34cbcb5d98c721315489619c93a |
Another approach is to fit a distribution of selective effects to the SFS (Eyre-Walker et al., 2006; Keightley and Eyre-Walker, 2007; Boyko et al., 2008; Schneider et al., 2011). | background | 1.3.3 Distribution of fitness effects (DFE) | 1e415b3e63eb79e2617d1a74e77d52ed0bde7fc4 | 81521381109ea793b8caa71149c7f1bc9785b084 |
All of the aforementioned methodologies assign a primary role to observation (Baker, 2006), which is defined as the “systematic recording of observable phenomena or behavior
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
in a natural setting” (Gorman & Clayton, 2005, p. 40). | background | Introduction | 684872304caa8ff076c9b6a01e3baf2bedb9d3fe | 92cc6d034017530cfcd5934b2e3f1b72d542e61b |
The study results support findings from similar studies using VIA screening, which have demonstrated the effectiveness, safety, and feasibility of a screening program based on VIA testing [2–12,16]. | result | 3. Results | bfa08715f492e4f811a9bd25f31f77cb284823ed | 0ba9811f94c620c0c36757ee92cd523e7606efa4 |
Hennessy and Milner showed in (Hennessy and Milner, 1985) that, over imagefinite labelled transition systems, strong bisimilarity also coincides with the relation | background | 36 The complexity of checking bisimilarity over finite processes | a3c2257c93a36a7ac061e8d68865f44fa1e9b657 | 382970c1d324a2efcb7fec0c76a01419ad09b427 |
In this section, we evaluate our approach on two challenging datasets, i.e., UCF50 [13] and HMDB51 [14]. | method | 3. EXPERIMENT | da3b924919f4eaf2c4638b5c7691515978091dda | 393e296732aab0c0502a3898258df3a88d33952d |
, 2009; Kelly and Simpson, 2001) and to develop practitioner roles (Williamson et al., 2004). | background | Background | 95c39aec660c32b4ea8aad1b70a965dfa5098268 | 9f1edb9cb0399a10bb9db6f3d6371fecfc2e6708 |
Performing routine screening for asymptomatic CAD in all patients with type 2 DM is debatable for several reasons (26-28). | background | 5. Discussion | 65dae13031543028dad0821bb2bb3c2e88d83066 | daf4ddb4ce65c897904d574cbc737b167e9f5e65 |
In addition, some examined the appropriate monitoring frames to reliably estimate habitual physical behaviour intensities individually [5, 6]. | background | Background | 4b40bf5ea0a2ded9d1f651c4d07bd5a5ab04fc73 | daf678e8c63a4971516cf163fdd8178f3ae6b832 |
This concurs with other data on Myh13 expression (6) and may explain this transcript’s sensitivity to postnatal visual/vestibular deprivation (5, 7). | result | RESULTS AND DISCUSSION | 768520fe0920db22991096b81c53b4b0423ca5c1 | feead8af080fe6c945340da209b3f642c0678769 |
The gross distribution of PLCb1-immunohistochemical staining in the rat central nervous system described here is consistent with previous evidences in mice, showing a predominant expression of PLCb1 protein (Gerfen et al., 1988; Hannan et al., 1998; Hozumi et al., 2008; Fukaya et al., 2008) in cerebral cortex, caudate–... | background | Technical considerations | 80160aee8cdcbc26e6b65dd28fd07246c349140c | 9b191008e5ce88ef5fb79694fa7fb8d7ab10170b |
The participants completed the Hand10, the DASH-JSSH [9, 10], and the Revised Hasegawa Dementia Scale (HDSR) questionnaires [11] twice, with an average interval of 10 days. | method | Methods | e9436413560b7c786e035ac84d6ca4060b7b6f65 | 9d288faaa59d9c333efec3d22f8c8f7c38af7c4b |
…2005), wild fires (Gancet et al., 2005; Merino et al., 2006), victims (Kuiper and NadjmTehrani, 2006; Murphy et al., 2008), objects (Stirling et al., 2010) and other targets of interest (Altshuler et al., 2008; Cole et al., 2006; Ruini and Cangelosi, 2009; Sauter et al., 2005; Yang et al., 2005). | background | 17.4 Collective Behaviours | ee07dc6478c8399acbd07ec4a6d4c1fd5d17e455 | 028fcece1dd0472dbe12dc00ac3f77161643b98b |
We adapted our paradigm from a recent study that reported significantly better recall of prices of everyday items in healthy adults when price information was consistent with prior knowledge than when it was inconsistent (Castel, 2005). | background | INTRODUCTION | 10eb32511984198b5f42d1dc18e6f88a4ebb0ce3 | af07306f99ecbbf9689f03f089824f67a7b9a570 |
The small proportion of 50-RACE products containing exon 1c that we previously reported for human and mouse was an underestimate caused by the difficulty of amplification of this 93% GC fragment (Drews et al. 2005). | background | Discussion | 2417526934446d81023af49f27bb7f52044bcb78 | 73f36294b5992a53e4f075e384fe30a13c629bb4 |
Induction of C1qa in the CNS promotes synapse elimination and synaptic dysfunction during development, neurodegenerative diseases such as glaucoma and AD, and aging [29,30,31,32,74]. | background | Discussion | 32551266b5f5240c082e4dc45c8673ba0155da31 | ba28d89a6944ec0b816e76cc18fa181975ec4f6a |
They are applicable in scenarios such as designing questions for reading comprehension (Du et al., 2017; Zhou et al., 2017a; Yuan et al., 2017), and justifying the visual understanding by generating questions to a given image (video) (Mostafazadeh et al. | background | 2 Related Work | 48bff8eae05fb5369b0026742eaa79178e107fbb | bc6ad001c395e92920839e45dfd7e05ce69405d2 |
Previously published data for both fungi and bacteria are in agreement with these results (Moleyar and Narasimham 1986; Carson and Riley 1995; Griffin et al. 1999; Adegoke et al. 2000; Cox et al. 2001; Inouye et al. 2001). | result | DISCUSSION | 6bab800f13d24d73663c656b5d8c69dd20628c1b | None |
Care giving is defined as the process of undertaking the activities and responsibilities of care giving (Stetz & Brown, 1997). | background | Background | c480bf81f24a1814e9084bf756f49ba8473fb541 | c39350f2547d752060403a929036b9af79b5aea8 |
These concentrations are similar to those determined in prior tivozanib monotherapy trials [5, 6]. | result | Results | 991fbde8cbf415150a08b5acfe8d04ba0e1198fa | 4a25bf73afc311870a5b2271da6024c5e8f5bb6c |
Two such factors predicting enhanced Delta REM (and thereby predicting substantial REM rebound) as suggested in several studies include: 1) a lower amount of REM sleep on diagnostic PSG (strong association) and 2) a higher severity of OSA as noted by the AHI during diagnostic PSG (weak association, if any). | result | Discussion | 9178a058fdbfe6d5f03f460ed19ec171fc7fe5ae | 7290893e1908676416f5e8159cfb0cd214626bb9 |
…procedures for 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) were based on those described previously (Cruz-Topete et al. 2011a; Cruz-Topete et al. 2011b; Cruz-Topete et al. 2011c; Christensen et al. 2011; Ding et al. 2011; Ding and Kopchick 2011; Okada et al. 2010; Sackmann-Sala et al. 2009; List et… | method | Methods | fbb179149d426191353a8df844f889240a9ef359 | a7ec4c3cf255c2851795e1749ee9860f0f1fe352 |
Habitat use was simply defined as the percent of observed pairs associated with a given habitat type over the total number of pairs detected in all habitats (Manly et al. 2002). | background | Methods | 4ce902647b87061383f5c57526cb4f71d2b1785f | cf63db46fc506c9285727103cddbff538dbb0614 |
Communitybased cross-sectional surveys in Philippines,[21] Nigeria,[22] Bangladesh,[15] and India[19] have also reported similar findings [Table 1]. | result | 4bea0cb91bb46d246610fa587d66033f00a348e6 | None | |
The author of case series of human patients stated that as the window width was increased, the foreign bodies were more easily identified and better differentiated from a gas or fluid build up due to the wood’s absorptive characteristics and the duration of the injury.(15) | background | Discussion | d5e9bb418f5183ebcaf371efce583b2e710315ef | 6aa6183f41837ccaed16951fe32e9e3e861a0356 |
, 1989), numerous inositol trisphosphate receptor genes have been identified and grouped into a family of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels (Vannier et al., 1998; Blondel et al., 1993; Maranto, 1994; Ross et al., 1992; Sudhof et al., 1991). | background | 76bfc9cfbb407b0becb778ddd462a3d5db552664 | 855bda9eabd7af1f0ca0784e0566ab4435e837e7 | |
using the Reading Span [40], and the Digit Span, a subtest of the WAIS; Visual-motor processing and attention (VSM), was assessed with the Digit Symbol Test, a subtest of the WAIS, the Trailmaking test, part B (TMT; [41]) and the Color-WordInterference test [42], one of the most widely used paradigms for the evaluation... | method | Methods | eb94402c8af9888144cb53ead226bb72ccb62259 | 401075bf7e0c83e5916a64caefa6d75e0cf556c3 |
[85], the technique for transforming Overlapping B-trees to a STAM can also be applied to other classical temporal access methods [84], especially to those that are modifications of the B-tree family. | method | 8db7e767490d2e3a0183c8db49f1247586b37465 | a080c4ee00ee8a3955315dc0f214f303a2ee1a6d | |
In the yeast Sac. cerevisiae, mutation in genes BNI1, BUD3, BUD6 and SPA2, which regulate polarity and proper cell development, triggers cellpolarity phenotypes (Amberg et al., 1997; Chant et al., 1995; Sagot et al., 2002; Sheu et al., 1998). | background | DISCUSSION | e2f368d76c86df3617f23a05e3c98d01dddf620b | 3345df032a058864e98de9f077f8a9a7f450db09 |
Presumably, NusA stimulates formation of the DNA/RNA hybrid that substitutes for the terminator hairpin (126), consistent with previous views of NusA function (41, 138). | background | NusA | e06c8966e57806d20fc9329f16636b2fac2469b8 | e4675af68d613dc95ae1c192ed154307a0d3d7be |
IKr reduction may be caused by dual mechanisms, acute inhibition of hERG channels and chronic drug-induced disruption of hERG protein trafficking into the cell surface membrane (Ficker et al. 2004; Cordes et al. 2005; Kuryshev et al. 2005; Wible et al. 2005; Rajamani et al. 2006; Thomas et al. 2006; Guo et al. 2007; Ta... | background | Introduction | d437f4dd0bbf112bdf0387161b976b4c1a910eeb | 048b5064f6b0594f2e0c3239076f2ae07b5ab790 |
It performs three fundamental functions: it binds a spermatozoon—thus preventing interspecies fertilization; it induces the acrosome reaction of the spermatozoon; and, finally, immediately after fertilization, it prevents polyspermy (Baker et al. 2000; Bleil and Wassarman 1990; Herrler and Beier 1999; Serrano and Garci... | background | Introduction | 4c9d28b8a102237bfe6e32f1a5baae39a64b0316 | f45dc8b5ec329445c9ef5a8eb98188d7a4fb3550 |
Further evidence is provided by Mammucari et al who have discovered that integration of the Notch and NFAT/calcineurin signaling pathways seems to be important for keratinocyte differentiation [6] and Zanotti et al who have identified Notch and NFAT signaling as reciprocally inhibiting pathways that together regulate o... | background | Introduction | df8ac5050914e95763c868f0a60c523ccfb3f1ba | 7190f9194b32977d0c40a57162116b753f1f0bf5 |
The pCEFLHA-HMGA1, pCEFL-HA-HMGA2, pCEFL-HA-HMGA1 (1–43) and pCEFL-HA-HMGA2 (1–73) vectors were previously described (Fedele et al., 2006; Pierantoni et al., 2001; Pentimalli et al., 2008). | background | Chemicals and treatments | f7a458748ce8daca1930912c26285ca39a36ad82 | ae68f41cc1cf623107fc3535caa245090003ba03 |
The 4-year survival of 73% in the AFB/MEVP cohort compares favorably with the long-term survival reported by other centers of excellence.(29,30) Perhaps more importantly, however, the long-term survival demonstrated with the use of AFB/MEVP equates the long-term survival reported by our group after open repair of stand... | result | DISCUSSION | 47a7ce63b203b3387a06639fa31c7aedfc341682 | 8bc54dce3df1e5b236b498591b61e41cefc4e267 |
Instead of atzA, the functional homolog, trzN gene (Mulbry et al. 2002), may be more commonly observed in the environment (Arbeli and Fuentes 2010). | background | Introduction | 1d18c99deaefc3ac0f5610a5905a599c3b910e36 | bce6d40557cfe79df51f33ae3288ac002a7050c3 |
[22, 23, 27] In brief, the technician administered a topical anaesthetic to the participant’s eye to temporarily suppress the corneal blink reflex. | background | Methods | f0a561c2c5f765b8a2590a62634ba4076a180ece | 3f5d85ba020a12a3fa0a7ac3a6506ceedc11b8dc |
1 was expressed with ABI1-HA or mER7 control DNA (Yoo et al., 2007) in 3 mL of protoplasts (6 3 105 cells) under standard conditions. | method | METHODS | d3879c6193d365667886b3c2952a1e78a5f69db1 | b2ef5573520aaad3f977bf80f8290437e18627c1 |
method developed in [6,8] and improved in [10,18], where we first discretize in space, using a Finite Difference scheme, then discretize in time, using an implicit multistep scheme, of the BDF family (Backward Differentiation Formula). | method | 1. Introduction | 6f863c39b05306aa094c47a4fd6573e393f191e4 | debc514c2ee95206658d2164870da7bde099303e |
The fastq files were trimmed and filtered with skewer [37] and aligned to the Gy14 reference genome with bwa mem [38]. | method | Methods | f18468da62b4b84d392237c9ec8414bc9dbf8bef | 387ce4b4978ab8d4db39bd9c31e1c0911e6ba2aa |
Some studies suggest a conservative approach (23, 24), while others support more radical treatment (18, 25, 26); there is, however, a lack of studies distinguishing between different types of oral infections. | result | Discussion | 295119951ef459e61943e58eae2d1251b6db452a | c0e64c687abfbeb310eadf3149d68814d7f7a087 |
The impact of additional diagnostic technologies is sensitive to the technology’s ability to improve surgical decision-making and the ability of surgery to produce cost-effective outcomes [41]. | background | Discussion | a3decbb8f2f0554788d860979b54f670f3fcf0fc | 09039322fe44de790e505fae80440be1ebb5da85 |
Differences in genetic background and/or testing conditions could also contribute to the modest differences between our locomotor data and that of Tian and coworkers (Tian et al. 1997). | background | DISCUSSION | 65702db5f833a0661497ad1e9a3c15138ce88577 | bb53c06dc3bf544696da5fd5f86bbfc9d45092fb |
This paper reports on the results of studies we have completed in the Victorian (Australia) public health care sector (Bartram et al., 2007, Leggat et al., 2005, 2006, 2008, 2010; Young et al., 2010; Bonias et al., 2010; Stanton et al., 2010). | background | Methods | 794435fe025ac480dbdb6218866e1d30d5a786c8 | b7a6c292f33ff9875a9b6419689575751c9a81ce |
We previously studied laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy using a single ancillary port and we obtained similar results regarding patient satisfaction with the operation scar (Capar et al. 2009). | result | Discussion | eb5b67cdba698816adc0d559bfbad1a246b4ca42 | dbc24a3df7cfe6892445be85f6b5a997612916aa |
Traditional,
dichotomous approaches to studying teams as either dispersed or collocated mask the configuration-based effects highlighted in this study, resulting in an obvious loss of accuracy (O’Leary and Cummings 2007). | background | Discussion | 32d61d5e28d2769c6dfcc296473eb10484520bec | 76e63fddfa3b6f2d08ceb5b38ff9c4583103cbe9 |
Conditional double mutants of trf4 with top1-7 showed ribosomal DNA (rDNA) condensation phenotypes (Sadoff et al, 1995; Castano et al, 1996), and were reported to display defects in mitotic segregation (Wang et al, 2000; Edwards et al, 2003). | background | Introduction | d50e9db3382e6c9d3e1086e7de481e9d9b23f433 | 92129a3492e59d7eb9cd6d61423148b90f287d4c |
Human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2) is located on chromosome 17q21 and is a transmembrane tyrosine kinase growth factor receptor [12]. | background | Introduction | f86ad40284025449a60b8b321ee8ef881370ccbd | bd76928c0ac42c36f29bea5a295297c6865b9b51 |
The same results were obtained by Winther and Nathalang [27] and by Knoll-Köhler [14], who did not determine any difference in the anaesthetic action profiles of a 2 and 4% solution of articaine or a 74-mM (=2.4% solution) and a 148-mM (=4 | result | Discussion | 95671b460641dcc9f3005b9da4205f584b78f7cc | None |
Our results concurred with a previous observation in NIH 3T3 cells during adhesion to FN (31), but contrast with the finding in HeLa cells during adhesion to gelatin (44). | result | Discussion | a0835424eda9eb03eafdf7701b57bf40919c3f39 | b8156e53735f8fb35b64351d8366ae410dcc10ec |
ICD indication was defined according to Class I recommendations in current clinical guidelines (4,5): chronic LVEF 30% or chronic LVEF 30% to 35% in patients in New York Heart Association functional class II or III. | method | Methods | e65a8d3f8acb1c3c9cd0ebd51ab1f70e29e055d7 | 7964126558a0487a7bc02f6c105873c017184d59 |
MuTAIL is a recent adaptation of this approach to the analysis of Mu insertion sites (Settles et al., 2004, 2007). | method | INTRODUCTION | 3f9dbe2a53fab1bbcc98f85f378153d640803935 | 40f6fa6203b8bcf4bda2d5c2fe56d86c435168c6 |
The efficacy is defined in terms of the ARs of the vaccinated and unvaccinated groups [20], | background | Method | c5c5202efc83af3739e41b1353435c0810c29868 | 15cc1f845a809b1c2ba765ddfab863c7326e11a1 |
From results reported here, and those in previous works (recent works of particular importance to this report are: Chapple and Krans 2004; Krans and Chapple 2005), we have adopted the following conclusions: (1) The reflex generation of force is profoundly nonlinear and the first phase may act like… | result | Discussion | 5227ec6b6b9e6630d3eec53e8784b1d43b97febf | 61ba484c3fd142d5ddf606eae1a549fe29594208 |
Autogenous bone grafts are still the most effective bone substitutes and are therefore considered the gold standard [1,2]. | background | 1. Introduction | 102e78feee75174be5716b21d63d420b720ec274 | fbbeafa9a152e5807f46ba7b65b6e8d334cad5cf |
[20] have reported postoperative results 2 years after Wxation of 200 proximal humerus fractures with the Humerusblock. | background | Discussion | 3b7c745b36146ba16644826eb387d8d020c3a8b8 | 28c267f6b8d15a20207545878df3ae280c558047 |
Thus, Pro accumulation is widely considered an anti-stress indicator (Verbruggen and Hermans 2008). | background | Discussion | 27d59eef9beaa2d5bb15657965e15ce27f561a9a | 2e0ef584bea98200f204e85c29d90e515323a08a |
It is safe, however, to conclude that in humans, reciprocity is considered a major value given the importance attached to norms prescribing it (Gouldner 1960) and the function of gratitude (McCullough et al. 2001; Trivers 1971). | background | Implications for Explaining Cooperation: Towards a Classification in Terms of Psychological Mechanisms | 870abc17d060a72738746f727d9723db088217f9 | 4e671994e5b0c7aefbecd050e95fdb45272d7e12 |
Hyper-parameter settings: We kept the hyper-parameter setting for the biLSTM transducer similar to the one reported in [5]. | method | 4.2 Implementation Details | 115b84979ff367b2f0c5c7dfa9b767c8a2f590ae | 9534417313469290bb28aeb71c5fb5c71f76d699 |
…2002); (2) spike-frequency adaptation is elicited by phase 1 high-frequency spiking and acts to reduce spike rate during following depolarization
(Krans and Chapple 2005); (3) the dynamics of muscle shortening may change with motoneuron frequency and over time when activated (Chapple 1989b;… | background | Results | 5227ec6b6b9e6630d3eec53e8784b1d43b97febf | 61ba484c3fd142d5ddf606eae1a549fe29594208 |
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