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|---|---|---|---|---|
The same happens with the presence of cortical atrophy and even with atrophy of the corpus callosum observed in certain autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis [17, 19, 20]. | background | Diagnostic approach for CNS vasculitis | bf76273127eb57c35ffb2c708e3df7e5f9e9115b | fc5c9fde1703d262d0208928a4549aef67706d4f |
…al., 2010), prediction of cell wall lytic enzymes (Ding et al., 2009), prediction of lipases types (Zhang et al., 2008), predicting conotoxin superfamily and family (Mondal et al., 2006), predicting the cofactors of oxidoreductases (Zhang and Fang, 2008), and others (e.g., Georgiou et al., 2009). | method | 3. Methods | 82e977ab573bd721b3d3a6676486023364d23386 | cfa19767e185443b69dc429407e9afc737f69b45 |
We also estimated the prevalence of other risk factors for falls and fractures, including osteoporosis, Parkinson’s disease, ataxia, visual impairment, deafness and delirium, using ICD-10-AM codes also tested on the VAED [25]. | method | Methods | 2a3c919dd30c0b392dee92a47bf8571ec0894a53 | 623f0a73986bd4e83c0d88aa5f9f95a0bb09fa4a |
Previous work from our laboratory and others has shown that Ebp2, Brx1, Nop12, and r-protein L8 associate with preribosomes during early steps of 60S subunit assembly and coimmunoprecipitate (co-IP) early 66S pre-rRNA intermediates (25, 26, 28). | result | RESULTS | 33789a803ecedf34caf04cf8230b887b7b123d93 | a71fb10c8dfcc9fad59a091c537651493e8e961f |
This behavior has been observed in Calliphoridae under conditions of captivity (Dale and Prudot 1987) and in nature, where females lay eggs in the natural openings of cadavers or in wounds such that newly emerged larvae can quickly find a substrate for food (Byrd and Castner 2010). It is also observed that females eat ... | result | 5f32c395b6bffbe5c2807857e482f65dc72efab8 | None | |
Cytotoxici ty against fresh solid tumor cells by unman ipula ted lymphocytes were demonst ra ted in 20%-33% of the patients [12, 10, 6, 14]. | background | 3122b91e73db819c3cdec15618530ba652809a5d | 45941a6930d22a51c09c7dc9c38a79ec6a99b2c3 | |
In neurodegenerative diseases, patients suffering from ALS or FTLD exhibit cytoplasmic translocation of TDP-43.(14,15,17,18,31) In this study, we showed a similar translocation pattern of TDP-43 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm following CVB3 infection. | background | Discussion | 7a08c974b6ae6919690d45336d36da8da2a4beee | f0c6ade907d1549199e22221230c465ad5e0fa1a |
It has been demonstrated in numerous experiments that anonymous pre-play communication increases cooperation in social dilemmas and improves bargaining efficiency (Sally, 1995; Camerer, 2003; Valley et al., 2002; Ellingsen and Johannesson, 2004). | background | 1. Introduction | 2956fc184e598be3422943be2279d64ef26ec43a | 7cf4a263353bc2680e6c18ef67daf382aec048a9 |
…cells incubated with 50 lM Cd2+ for 3 h in SFM, E-cadherin expression at the cell borders was diminished, probably as a consequence of disruption of the homodimeric E-cadherin interaction and subsequent degradation (Vleminckx and Kemler 1999; Rothen-Rutishauser et al. 2002; Miyoshi and Takai 2005). | background | Results | 0ebb754e982cfbea4340ebe1221b3d6804d9e709 | 48853d71ecf88b9341e448e130d36562470a1ae4 |
A large scale experimental study was conducted in (Hulse et al. 2007), but datasets used in the study are not publicly available. | background | 1.1 Related Work | a8631ba39f7b793821f3826561c75c8760c63ecc | 8171e6651c80359e878f31d290825064a7430c9c |
However, among the additional genes from the microarray that are upregulated by EBF activity we found lhx9 and lmo4, which are homologous to apterous, a known target of Collier in Drosophila [17]. | background | Discussion | 591b38bb076a6d507fc608705b1c1936ef92e1ee | 196b889f81e2b36b541407019f47b05fb1f0cd59 |
In addition to expression in the fetus, Igf2 is expressed by the placenta (Constância et al. 2002) and mice lacking the placenta-specific Igf2 transcript show IUGRaswell as placentas that are small and have altered nutrient transport (Constância et al. 2002; Sibley et al. 2004; Sferruzzi-Perri et… | background | Structure and function of the placenta | 9a068a63f5ae85227863a972c7204903fdcca978 | 73619c0c3ee055ee31944e3a71119e9f68d42794 |
For seeking the optimal value of Wh of the sub-problems which corresponds to the h-th level, we can solve the problem by the smoothing proximal gradient (SPG) method [6] fortunately. | method | 2 Method | ca6452209619a651c65919776688b9fbbf2a293a | 16dbaf87b0497693dff3dd58e891bdc75f4fadf5 |
Archaea were assayed using the primer pairs 20F [61] and 1492R, 20F and 1406R [62], 20F and 519R [63] with the same PCR conditions used to amplify bacterial 16S rDNA, except 40 cycles were used. | method | Methods | 909fd8c0fcc75039bea4e821b60b87aab4fac0bd | f3e09ef23ec09015a1587123744c247057e38023 |
Similar results were obtained by Chiarella and his colleagues, who compared single and multiplex immunization strategies and showed that the latter was the most effective [34]. | result | Discussion | b25d7a9c8a56ec75dde1b688c495fe47538cdc22 | a3203628724d525bf4ff619488b25918443af4d6 |
Although our cohort also consisted of treatment naïve patients with symptom duration of less than six months, we found that IL-21 levels were not elevated in RA patients compared to healthy controls, a finding which is in contrast to the results of other authors (Rasmussen et al. 2010). | result | Discussion | ae1a3173131628123ac7c7579045aa96006c9485 | 6220e4f4cdf26ad70a07baa1a9a4b12b488eb35a |
It arises from the humerus, elbow lateral collateral ligament, and ulna to insert onto the radius by two layers: superficial and deep [8, 18, 33]. | background | Introduction | 3c123df5aa9263271fbaf80df545510f6cf53840 | c6780aa6016c36e219213cdfbff55b1a25407d69 |
These methods have been used in tremor research to study the relation between muscle activity (electromyogram (EMG)) and magnetoencephalogram (MEG) [Volkmann et al., 1996; Tass et al., 1998], between EMG and electroencephalogramm (EEG) [Jasper & Andrews, 1938; Schwab & Cobb, 1939; Hellwig et al.,… | method | 1. Introduction | 3d6e7e592b9e197f2c727f85e85a3f29cf858ac4 | f1efbcd4959369a7421983fe26e09de2db6206d0 |
However, recently, camelpox has been described as a possible zoonosis with three human cases identified and laboratory confirmed in India [9]. | background | Introduction | bc486213ba67305b22b7f597b0a64086532f14bb | 759b9a104ba96b27622ec00491e484a38860622c |
…1978; Jones, 2000), annual water loss (e.g., Bosch and Hewlett, 1982; Komatsu, 2003), subsurface stormflow volume (Freer et al., 2002), the relationship between upslope pore pressure dynamics and
hillslope discharge (Uchida et al., 2004) or event water ratio (e.g., Pearce, 1990; Buttle, 1994). | background | Introduction | 024a8840cf61cbc995d72493a2158c67511c76db | c0886a32265119da99359de6fff821ef49a773d3 |
Our results are also consistent with earlier data suggesting that when DNA synthesis is inhibited in animal cells, additional replication origins fire that otherwise remain dormant (Ockey and Saffhill 1976; Taylor 1977; Francis et al. 1985; Painter 1985; Griffiths and Ling 1987; Anglana et al. 2003; Gilbert 2007). | result | Results | d45f3a44934b6765cb05f1b5f55d27b0c77c3e3f | 6fde63a364a9957ba8f5d4a64ff5bbcdfe3cafbf |
The high concentration of Ca in the cytosol activates several proteases and other proteins that lead to dysfunction and destruction of organelle membranes and corruption of normal metabolism [21, 23, 33, 64, 100, 101, 107–115]. | background | cf3d0d63e8ed6cb6bac03c00d21d8b87c83a39d5 | 3d8487b14c2aae003bcdf41f857e0b51c91f285f | |
o) was administered 14 days after the induction of MFB lesion, for 10 consecutive days (Ferruzzi et al., 2009). | method | 2.3. Experimental design | b2236d90612baa73cbb976f08e1f28960b7dc798 | 3611e5ed230515c236e84b67ac8bfea2537b6e62 |
This strain shows accelerated age-related hearing loss (Henry and Chole, 1980; Hunter and Willott, 1987; Mikaelian, 1979; Spongr et al., 1997; Willott, 1986). | background | 2. Methods | 238608d352dda1f8caa60aa6df4370f13023a6fd | 80dacd865f89fbf22d9b1b054d6adadabac50d36 |
Insects are ideal systems to investigate the interplay between infection and behavior.(12,14) The fruit fly Drosophila is especially amenable to these studies, as it is one of the best developed model systems for host-pathogen interactions(15) and behavioral ecology and genetics. | background | 04b49ba6a3f5c03edf9df7d5609c0f92b2fa588b | 6a078655ae3c07fe0520d304fe5f71e70ac710e7 | |
CR1‐like Superfamily Phylogenetic Analyses Vertebrate nucleotide sequences belonging to the CR1‐like retrotransposon superfamily were retrieved using Repbase Update (Jurka et al., 2005) as well as through systematic BLASTanalysis of public databases accessible from NCBI (http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/Blast.cgi) and En... | method | METHODS | fdf41051dd264e229ea10778ea76976ec3775f4d | 86da939a2442c30e12333a4f0c42e7a8747141a7 |
This is in close agreement with the histopathological findings in TSC, which has shown a disruption in normal cortical lamination, abnormal cell differentiation and reduction in density of myelinated fibers and number of normal neurons [22]. | result | Discussion | 2f46ad2a67188576ef0d036f48744f1562e5ea5f | 9bb81800de25b87ea923e9de2411f509c4e11e50 |
This differs from the results of previous studies where learning affects both searching and handling efficiency (Werner et al. 1981; Dill 1983; Ehlinger 1989a, b; Croy and Hughes 1991). | result | Discussion | 70f5c6a5d841bcc30702efc22b2df562ea193ef0 | None |
Salton’s cosine was used for normalization in both the cited and the citing directions (Salton & McGill, 1983; Ahlgren et al., 2003). | method | Methods | 8bf4fae362ac1d60c6650f1dfa3bc165d396a9d8 | 827727057a2e05ea586b1eee3db70a0bddd3a309 |
Importantly, over 80% of these patients suffered from comorbidities that are associated with accelerated disease progression [24]. | background | Discussion | 1247835128858aa8c70e72fa27e36df081817c66 | c919a4f7052736aabc8136c3469c3febd6d20609 |
3; Appendix S4), however, indicate changes in regional bat abundances throughout the study period, including declines in all species that began prior to the wide proliferation of white-nose syndrome in the region beginning in 2008–2010, and prior even to the first detection of white-nose syndrome in 2006 [22,34]. | background | d74d8058dd5a6c88b446beb0628355625b4085c1 | 4cbb84a073485d58a878072f69fde86a8c422a95 | |
Autophagy activity also contributes to the necrosis-like degeneration of six touch receptor neurons caused by a toxic ion channel variant encoded by mec-4(u231) (26). | background | RESULTS | fa433ab09d7dc26f36f34a2d0364034ce18a3e36 | cf06ac7ff09cf23b3b339e83d9561a8fe8a4b5e2 |
In a related approach, Daunizeau et al. (2009)) replaced the standard dipole source— used in neural mass models — with the principal Fourier mode of a neural field, for the particular case of exponentially decaying synaptic density over the cortical surface. | method | Introduction | 4333d3a225f6b26c785f2bfb52ba08ba50422d6d | 217508a0daaca7f5cc207959048d7e747d6f0aa2 |
In absence of FGF activity, patterning is thus significantly reduced because of a defective migration of epiblast cells through the primitive streak (Deng et al., 1994; Yamaguchi et al., 1994; Sun et al., 1999; Guo and Li, 2007). | background | 0012d808e76e1cd0e5ddeea10824a0811942a7e5 | 53bec9f572ae3b40e8c881b8f5fdb255ccbb9fb3 | |
Transient expression of SV40 small t activates MEK and MAP kinase in a PP2A-dependent fashion (51, 53), but the precise role of PP2A in the Ras/MAP kinase pathway is unresolved. | background | MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY, Apr. 2002, p. 2375–2387 Vol. 22, No. 7 | ef1535a64b39c591db87e3d82fb7128a8f39480b | c923028caac7d0f58db911a22a89a003e10453bb |
…of E-cadherin and b -catenin expression in WKPT-0293 Cl.2 cells by immunofluorescence labelling and immunoblotting
Cell–cell contacts are formed at the adherens junctions (AJs) by intercellular Ca2+-dependent E-cadherin homodimer formation (Vleminckx and Kemler 1999; Miyoshi and Takai 2005). | background | Results | 0ebb754e982cfbea4340ebe1221b3d6804d9e709 | 48853d71ecf88b9341e448e130d36562470a1ae4 |
Figure 1 shows a 2DNEPHGE silver-stained gel from normal liver [47], in which new and previously identified spots were labelled in black and gray, respectively. | background | Results | c24645826ecf07e7a064bb606157168f9ef792e2 | ba480ce512aba288b1f259d2e4b1340915f4e541 |
coli cells, corresponding cDNA fragments were cloned into the expression vector pGEMEX-2Nde, which contained an isopropyl-2-thio-b-D-galactopyranoside (IPTG)–inducible promoter (Thöny et al. 1994). | method | Methods | ec2dc427209a877513ab2834764273ed087916ea | 6c329fe7a19aa514c53b226231494a735d72b4f0 |
For detection of Glut 1, 7.5% gels were loaded with 30 mg protein and probed with 1:200 dilution of Glut1 antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnologies, # sc-1605). | method | Methods | 18bbe5b9b3b523fe1e23e2ada6ee40335e9353d7 | 328d53486a7610da47d09712c8834956fa9eed86 |
However, contrary to our results, a previous report suggested that the effect of concomitant IR recession on horizontal deviation was negligible, although a mild increase in surgical response was found in patients who underwent concomitant IR recession [16]. | result | Discussion | 2c7b6d55f9fd85b38d4cb11954a8a3090a243a24 | 8a9a42bf8f8af8a0805e8f5062d64e33336eed45 |
For example, healthy SN? adults exhibit normal performance on pegboard tests (Berg et al. 1999a, 2001b, 2002; Mehnert et al. 2010) and normal (Berg et al. 1999a, 2002) or impaired (Berg et al. 2001b) performance on maximal finger tapping tests. | background | Introduction | 1ac9706400e1c06a100add4b83a67af503404d8d | 1fc59dcb14b70e8c0865c8c687932b90a6535527 |
To evaluate the effectiveness of our approach, we conduct extensive experiments on three commonly used datasets that provide multiple feature representations, including Oxford Flowers17 dataset (Nilsback and Zisserman 2006), Oxford Flowers102 dataset (Nilsback and Zisserman 2008) and Caltech101 dataset (Fei-Fei, Fergus... | method | Experiments | b7aa4fdf2bad9bbefe77862f6845139a02f0e82a | 02b28f3b71138a06e40dbd614abf8568420ae183 |
This transmembrane protein is mainly concentrated in tricellular tight junctions (tTJ) in the epithelial cells of all tissues, including cochlear supporting cells, hair cells and marginal cells of stria vascularis, and also weakly present in bicellular tight junctions (bTJ) [5, 6]. | background | Introduction | 65eeeb6f3616378f2228518d6e52d7a9836726c3 | 3d0c3fb377e7720d041418e6a8aa4c2268a70eee |
Following Baker et al. (2012), I include 6 lags in the VAR and I identify a policy uncertainty shock by ordering the policy uncertainty index first in yt and using a Cholesky decomposition of the estimated covariance matrix. | method | 7 VAR Evidence | 47851e108a5855cb0fd375c9bdd039f78cc16c25 | 02bf68795fa74f0984701fa84df877a27dae6a2f |
Erwinia spp. produce the hydroxamate siderophore desferrioxamine E (Feistner et al. 1993; Kachadourian et al. 1996) and the specific TonB-dependent ferrioxamine receptor FoxR, both involved in iron uptake. | background | Introduction | 37716f4614fdd18b9d7c3f820419cce893e3c146 | fb231eafa3e40e4e9171bd005d57f85c2622ef52 |
The current distributions of the 1066 species of marine fish and invertebrates, representing the average pattern of relative abundance in recent decades (i.e. 1980–2000), were produced using an algorithm developed by the Sea Around Us Project (see Close et al. 2006; Cheung et al. 2008a). | method | Sample of marine fish and invertebrates | 85e766e708cac537f272621e1d8d1e641279806c | 9bd8a440cfb92cc5f7f45d88cce6f9d651b98237 |
…memory
INTRODUCTION
Emerging studies have shown that auditory beat stimulation can affect mood states in terms of levels of anxiety (Le Scouarnec et al., 2001; Padmanabhan et al., 2005; Weiland et al., 2011) and well-being (Lane et al., 1998; Le Scouarnec et al., 2001; Wahbeh et al., 2007a). | background | 4289898ef10c52412dd2ee16e35ae8ae4954552f | 2b2ac21e381c1cd942860094837e61b52dd20268 | |
These findings were supported by additional studies indicating that knockdown of EAAT3 resulted in both epilepsy and limbic hyperexcitability (Sepkuty et al., 2002; Mathews and Diamond, 2003). | result | Discussion | 3f264b14dc02d9b76b3adb11be29c15e624a4502 | 3709c6a80de97c40631a60472320d1f4e239ccc0 |
…ranged in age between 8 and 12 weeks and weighed between 22 and 35 g.
Auditory Function
Auditory function was evaluated using the auditory brainstem response (ABR) and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) as described in our earlier reports (Chen et al. 2010; Jamesdaniel et al. 2008). | method | Methods | fe99abc5465cd8ecb10c1e6a10e2b2849968ca46 | 6ab36f7c1820367fd6efe982492ef35041ad936c |
Because PCR requires a high-quality DNA template in terms of DNA integrity and purity, the method used to extract the DNA from the starting material is critical, as pointed out by other Authors [13,14]. | method | Background | d857b2745ff19ad24535ca267dea95f522193525 | 36a8ef558238eae1e46d9da444ca4f814129b913 |
Family, twin, and adoption studies have shown that genetic factors are implicated in the etiology of alcohol use disorders [McGue et al., 1996; Heath et al., 1997; McGue, 1999]. | background | INTRODUCTION | ac88955b93dc711924642c1dd848cdb37e31bf13 | f899510abaf74c1f6f79f670aa55410a9566921c |
PL directly binds to and inhibits the antioxidant enzyme glutathione S-transferase π (GSTP1) resulting in a decrease in glutathione levels and subsequent promotion of cancer-selective cell death by increasing the ROS levels (3). | background | Introduction | c719e655d241e3b629bce0c54278e7a4f39bfa59 | 45476edd84e29e94bb19169c733c0e9280db39a1 |
A proposed model equation can only be accepted when different inhibitor concentrations are assayed and if consistent results are obtained as follows: the best-fitting model possesses the same number of components with the same amplitudes and kinetic constants for each tested inhibitor concentrations (Estévez and Vilano... | background | Introduction | 837e203c03e8c7aca1d6a5eff16da685f83fa807 | 9c7168cb9caf4dbb9c9e4455f4b0bc8a5304fab1 |
For theWLMtrial [56], participantswere required to have lost aminimumof 4 kg during the six-month active weight loss phase to be randomized to a maintenance treatment group. | method | 3. Results | 649da5dc00caf98ed897ade21a16e625ec328d6c | 13addfbdfeb738a413365e3df0904a39416aa7ba |
Given there is no quantitative method for comparing VBM pre-processing algorithms besides comparison to empirically derived information we report a qualitative comparison of our findings with well-established anatomical distribution patterns associated with AD pathology (Braak and Braak, 1991; Frisoni et al., 2010; Hym... | method | INTRODUCTION | 91fbf2dde0effb33bfc88008decf43476dbb08ed | 06e8eab4c7673fe38fd7dfea8879712a71e3a537 |
Risk factors for perforation include older age, difficulty and length of the procedure, length of sphincterotomy, periampullary diverticulum of the duodenum, abnormal anatomy (Billroth II gastrectomy), dilated bile duct, biliary duct stricture, sphincter of Oddi dysfunction, and papillary stenosis [16–18]. | background | 3. Discussion | 4473b9edd330888039313570a8658f66833c4a60 | 68d7abb99ec6293d5cd54871b3f0b5c90e3cb3c7 |
These criteria were assessed through parent and child interviews using the German version Kiddie-SADS-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL, Version 1.0.; Kaufman et al., 1997) and an in-house health questionnaire. | method | Participants | d3ef4bdc6a5f4408b4f09200808037b1c92e2722 | 06cf7808099f44a10f8ad54de2c4e22375b23e0b |
…around the soccer field (outside the touch and goal lines, which were extensions of the halfway line or penalty area approximately 3–30 m from each line) because multiple perpendicular views were recommended to obtain more accurate results using the MBIM technique (Krosshaug and Bahr, 2005). | method | Video Collection and Editing | c49ef960d4abc1e03b2b36dbc42f44e3c001ce46 | 4400c5c46b12fd9f5de1d05d0d4e79d7f820f536 |
(1995) found a mosaic pattern of staining of neurons, including Purkinje cells, from a MERRF patient who exhibited a moderate proportion of mutant DNA in brain (55% in brain total DNA and 59% in brain mitochondrial DNA; Lombes et al., 1992) when they used antisera directed against cytochrome c oxidase subunit II. The d... | background | DISCUSSION | 2aa09a39a333f7f0fd0c141b2805f574a83b532e | 9a6e4cfedde7ad5f810d857afeb45cc4ec3ccc1b |
6756 [age, years]; Roza & Shizgal, 1984), multiplying resting energy expenditure by an activity factor to estimate nonexercise activity thermogenesis (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, World Health Organization, & United Nations University, 2001; Livingstone et al., 1991; National Academy of Scie... | method | Methods | 61666e512143a2c08e09cb95641c069adc767ee8 | 445baa4c418ab066520c7122ea60d5341f7fb609 |
Chloroquine and the bovine adrenal medulla peptide 8-22 (BAM8-22) elicit itch-related scratching through MrgprA3 and MrgprC11, respectively, in mice (Liu et al. 2009), and BAM8-22 elicits itch in humans (Sikand et al. 2011). | background | 95842d1ed8a4e4d1808bb343cb3b4078823fb79d | 33976351c24ef6de484024ceb0dad2c75f7b56a6 | |
The distress caused by BDD in the social and professional spheres of life may be extreme in some individuals.[23] One of our patients avoided marriage, and another patient refused to work in dusty surroundings limiting his job opportunities. | background | DISCUSSION | 0239f5e83b2394c8728eb0a9987ca5a3d85bde5c | 5726e2bf1e9164b67a20cd932bdbc8fb19d31cde |
Proteins trafficked to the rhoptries involve the action of the normally endocytic Rab5 [22], adaptin 1 and sortillin [24] and a microneme proteome identified several proteins generally associated with recycling endosomes including Rab11 and syntaxin 13. | background | Discussion | 53361425b0528a5dcd02bf04cad355ef2866933d | 4abde4b2249479461a92b1b07fdea582176a24af |
The two-locus VRN-2/ VRN-1 epistatic interaction model of Yan et al. (2004a) provides a genetic mechanism to explain these opposite phenotypes and is supported by the results of this work and others (Danyluk et al., 2003; Murai et al., 2003; Trevaskis et al., 2003). | result | Discussion | f3acc20a899528225274e20222d096e9842b173a | f1e9d54e1597c14f94c9f70fe53b2911839cba66 |
senhousia, as well as other alien species, might initially increase local species number; however, through strong direct or indirect effects, it might lead to reduced species richness of native species, and a decrease in the abundance of remaining species (Ruiz et al., 1997). | background | Conclusions | 20d4e4ed3fe881e79da4571fcc3aa8bc6e83b99c | 18aed8693441c7211cf111d0523a6311ef797129 |
On the one hand, BC264 is devoid of anxiogenic effects (Derrien et al. 1994; Charrier et al. 1995), and exerts psychostimulant and memory-reinforcing properties (Ladurelle et al. 1997; Léna et al. 1999; Sebret et al. 1999); it
B. Bellier . | background | Introduction | a59f7c6100b3d98f954df6818f8db75bbd0f7190 | 4f2995a132469538424300d92e3eeb65aa7ac497 |
5); Severe proliferation defects and general growth retardation
NR Lagger et al. 2002; Kim et al. 2008; Bardai et al. 2012; Kim and Bae 2011
HDAC 2 Nucleus Die within 24h after birth; Severe cardiac defects Enhanced memory, LTP Montgomery et al. 2007; Guan et al. 2009; Kim and Bae 2011; Morris et… | background | Overview of the HDAC family | ac98889274074aaffe68806613f94400764cc392 | e79c496d57be7fd821df67996a40c5579ed81450 |
Under simplifying assumptions, we have analytically shown how disynaptic inhibition that is as fast as mono-synaptic excitation can extend the effective range of inhibitory interactions, in contrast to the recent analytical results showing that in the case of equal synaptic delays on all connections the disynaptic inhi... | result | 4. DISCUSSION | 068a52bf5ebf8cb5db2f87202ca75892f4919a59 | 26e2fdaa5f12e8159ef0114f2672d7385a750f14 |
This is the case if we choose, e.g., a rational function field over an algebraic number field (Schneider, 2005b). | background | 2. Definitions and basic properties of AP S- and R ∗-extensions | 21c44db71f8965dd970ffa23bcda403fdb306aba | 7fa4f05dd489b6dd03065069f660c89328337e18 |
A number of studies have reported similar conclusions (Dauncey 1990; Esparza et al. 2000; Johannsen and Ravussin 2008; Levine 2004; Levine et al. 1999, 2001a; Schoeller 2001). | result | Response to long-term overfeeding | 30c675464ff3e433f690c912fe34f89574dba644 | 40f9a416d6fd2d9d705d57106df57cd4bff367ee |
The recent identification of lymphatic endothelial-specific markers, such as hyaluronic acid receptor-1 (LYVE-1) [2], has greatly increased attention on how lymphangiogenesis, the growth of lymphatic vessels, is regulated in the tumor microenvironment. | background | Introduction | 2876edc5e901343d361d321a9e913e6673e797eb | b020deaefd8bccc821f5782c604dbff43a49d61e |
Most of the various studies on axillary odor—its chemistry, gender differences, intensity, and related microorganisms— have been performed on Caucasians (Russell, 1976; Doty et al., 1978; Leyden et al., 1981; Rennie et al., 1991; Zeng et al., 1991, 1992, 1996a). | method | Discussion | 0c66df01dfd3f9d1fee1ebf8ebed6472d5b09e22 | c8bbcc338c4942cd209bd2aae96ac7c3dbba0bb6 |
This approach, however, entails a 11 to 20% risk of intraperitoneal bleeding [11, 12, 22], and pediatric experience in this area is limited to small case series [10, 13, 15, 16, 21, 23, 24]. | background | Introduction | dcb5d895640dd00da0d95686b9832ec4457df1cf | 2b2e1988c794a5362bd48f3204ec565725d11c0a |
To model a large class of such situations von Neumann and Morgenstern (1944) came up with a definition of a simple game which is the simplest possible type of a cooperative game, where the payoffs of coalitions are either 1 or 0, i. | background | 1. Introduction | 31892be0cad96d6edb1d2bbd88effd297e9b8b83 | e1d2ea5d876a526b915a450e2cb23581600e3750 |
Prompted by these observations, recent modeling approaches rely on excitable dynamics to describe gradient sensing and chemotaxis (Xiong et al., 2010; Hecht et al., 2011; Neilson et al., 2011; Cooper et al., 2012; Huang et al., 2013; Knoch et al., 2014). | method | INTRODUCTION | 89f51382c2f74ca96b983ed73ec94d3570f04e73 | b2a5f50c18da40fb988be0e7f51b233972a99732 |
A high viral load in blood, severe thrombocytopenia, and platelet dysfunction may result in increased capillary fragility (Ojha et al., 2017), clinically manifested as petechiae, easy bruising, and gastrointestinal mucosal bleeding (Deshwal et al. | background | DISCUSSION | f703d48861e546bf4f2d6e25458ad7e7c206e067 | 848f1ca99cf6e82ce7478469dfcd969aaf351001 |
…that are involved in cancer because mutations that occur in protein coding genes can result in missense mutations, and methods have been developed for identifying which of these mutations are drivers as opposed to simply passengers (Carter et al., 2009; Kaminker et al., 2007; Youn & Simon, 2011). | background | DISCUSSION | ff46430924f3c77d3c51033cd4acf71cd0ddf839 | 3b52619156503c4b8a17ee4152fbd2a5d458d9e5 |
, 1995; Gervais, 1976), although the validity of ambulation and defecation as indexes of emotionality has been questioned (Lister, 1990; Ramos & Mormède, 1998). | background | 1.2 Emotionality | 6e8979e5d809a1a475aa3c8d1155aef92b4b6529 | 5d5773ee2c824c4219d392faafbfafda88ef6db3 |
hemicholinium-3, a depletor of endogenous acetylcholine (Parikh and Sarter, 2006); (ii) by enhancing cholinergic tone with AF-DX384, a selective M2/M4 autoreceptor antagonist, that blocks the self-inhibitory mechanism by which acetylcholine regulates its own release and (iii) by selectively blocking M1 muscarinic recep... | background | 9d1c38923868aad077de91a389a27f72d592d329 | badee7f8b87dbf9d38775bebaad489d664fe0ef3 | |
In 2001, kisspeptin was identified as a ligand for the orphan G-protein coupled receptor 54 (GPR54), which was first described in the rat brain and subsequently in human (then named AXOR12 and hOT7T175) (Lee et al., 1999; Muir et al., 2001; Ohtaki et al., 2001), now termed KISS1R (Gottsch et al. | background | Methods | 423e071f14ff69144f0b5ed8ea1427d44e4233ac | 3be5c8f155f0f4734934ad920e8403a3b4aa05c2 |
The supernatant obtained by centrifugation at 100,000 × g for 60 min represents the cytosol [47]. | background | Materials and methods | c24645826ecf07e7a064bb606157168f9ef792e2 | ba480ce512aba288b1f259d2e4b1340915f4e541 |
The project by Shannon and colleagues [41] described the capacity building process, where a team of substance-using women with lived experience of survival sex work was hired, trained, and supported to play an active role in guiding, developing, and conducting the research. | background | Results | eb32c07c0802695145984bc1caec5ee5844d23d9 | 3d27626beed8117416f6193c23678d21892b58e3 |
Participants were matched by age and ethnicity to the AMD cohort, and were found free of macular disease at the time of recruitment, as previously described [21,22]. | method | METHODS | 258f58cc7bc05f8ddda159681e6bab1b03cd1689 | d90a77bf12bd98de27c981af8ea8a001f31e41e0 |
Of note, all other structural variants and SNVs previously reported in cases 01–09 (Supplementary Table 2) [11, 12] were also found in unaffected nuclear family members of the probands, revealing that those variants are unlikely to be causal for CAS. | background | De novo variants disrupt CHD3, SETD1A and WDR5 in probands with CAS | 4fa6bc9e73e52f4e7a4f165b2f4799eb05c31aa2 | fc6f38bd4724635723ffe8518f2be1a8f3085ea5 |
Consistent with findings of Van Kleef and others (e.g., Van Kleef et al., 2004; Sinaceur & Tiedens, 2006) in non-moral domains, anger expressions for Non-sacred value participants resulted in higher concession rates. | result | 4.3 Discussion | 772ce66315c2f6d0108e6404ce91034fae3a37ae | fc27d95c7875813f23e3150bfcd512bbd069a00b |
The estimates necessary to complete the sample size calculation for this trial were determined from analyses performed on the 1st 8 patients of this study.(9) From this evaluation, the observed FM effect size (i. | method | METHODS | 2cd0df8e563ea9ee533fe73207237c3a7d2a3f50 | 308bb15ee440fa4a515a4a0a94da08aac7eac400 |
The admission on which the procedure was performed was termed the index admission for the purposes of this study, and defined reporting standards were followed [16]. | method | Methods | 9b436051ee60b21ce71491884f4ce539432e2923 | 434bc850db3dc3db4670c48b1ef92b7e2b2f494e |
More information about the samples and recruitment can be found in Jacob et al. (2003) and Duncan et al. (2008). | method | Methods | 7537d04a2d50b34694dcd6cf5ba0730a80aac153 | 31cb3b94389060ce5096d0167b7c9382f6f62a06 |
We model these distinct classes using a Concrete distribution [Maddison et al., 2017, Jang et al., 2017] of appropriate dimension. | method | 5 Experiments | 5a4a53339068eebd1544b9f430098f2f132f641b | 081114c2300e89dae4f09b5b4c1e8a68dc5e6e01 |
Eicosanoids derived from AA, including PGE2, TBX2, and LTB4, are more proinflammatory than those derived from DHA (Calder, 2006). The results of our study confirmed this pathway of eicosanoid formation. Chickens fed LR diets had significantly lower levels of PGE2 and TBX2 in the blood than those fed HR diets. These res... | result | DISCUSSION | e3f3c1e9eb72a18e7cd93ff3a26395db9c6b17bf | 0d9d447667b6ceda0ae4c4f05315da49479546a5 |
Several reports report late P2 development after 9 or 10 years of age [6, 8, 18]. | background | Results and Discussion | d5419e6f71b7d0b5def2c61c073172567f9b0cac | 095148377d59e1bb4f3a5fb9b7eff987959847c8 |
CP was performed using a standard institutional technique as described previously.(10) Intraoperative drains were placed selectively at the surgeon’s discretion. | method | METHODS | 8da556580847954f7df6b843c5f79893ee25468c | 681448771f8516a985ee4a77ec9f4e7ee316de74 |
Furthermore, Klepek et al. (2005) and Reinders et al. (2005) have shown that the promoter of the polyol transporter AtPLT5 from A. thaliana directs GUS and GFP expression along the vascular tissue of leaves and in sink tissues such as growing roots, developing siliques and anthers. | background | Results and discussion | a5608143df2610625ed50a67e1804a6a2844a23a | df3a759de927488b093d18273eb11f04478f06ca |
…2003), they can be regarded as a natural experiment in carnivore social evolution whose outcome can potentially reveal evolutionary transitions between different levels of carnivore sociality as well as insights into the mechanisms driving social evolution in general (Schneider and Kappeler 2014). | background | Introduction | da2a80ac34255bd566db0fcb01f9a4d0877cc43d | 1fd9bb3fda0dae1ee2d5495072456b6c64f3fdc2 |
The results of our abscess culture data are consistent with previously published reports [1–7], which suggest that these results are generalizable to the broader population. | result | Discussion | 72284c1d173315dc376ae8faec4ac73e2b0804d6 | e111ad86e9371fe5b397b9f9f142f9d002847796 |
Although previous studies from this laboratory have demonstrated that neutrophils are capable of detecting pulsed weak (10 4 V/m) electric fields (Kindzelskii and Petty 2000; Rosenspire et al. 2001) as well as applied magnetic fields (Rosenspire et al. 2003), the early mechanistic steps in field… | background | Results | 77f4a2365ba1b6ffc8d13e049654b1359c29671a | 841aba543847838da1e2310ed5339a546c5a2b2d |
wolves will be particularly interesting as, like other canids analyzed (Mu~ noz-Fuentes et al. 2011; Axelsson et al. 2012), | background | d8f915342dee431558368107381583a6db146135 | da1bfc89bdd64622df21b78a99235ec0d2512ba7 | |
Following Xu et al. (2013), we used variation of information (VI) to measure the distance between category systems obtained through iterated learning, and those f und in these languages. | method | Methods | 09ba834b0a7a64e344e6ea5812e673a906289ffc | 6f9c96d4ffec300f71fbcb5302c0b7b30bf23429 |
Genotype-dependent differences in the sensitivity to the motivational effects of opioids in mice have also been reported (Cunningham et al. 1992; Semenova et al. 1995; Orsini et al. 2005). | background | Introduction | 07895f7b08a16c607fc6e8621a1256784c7461c4 | 488e1b26dcc9274c9bf4f8ee7dd5d96109565214 |
, P402 and P564 in human HIF-1α), each of which is present in the conserved sequence motif LXXLAP and is hydroxylated independently [70]. | background | Oxygen sensing mechanisms | b743a7f24d21ea424ea1a14213f009d4f1124a7e | 73b88ec910fdb2a245c72f47991b7519ad0214fc |
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