id int64 5 1.93M | title stringlengths 0 128 | description stringlengths 0 25.5k | collection_id int64 0 28.1k | published_timestamp timestamp[s] | canonical_url stringlengths 14 581 | tag_list stringlengths 0 120 | body_markdown stringlengths 0 716k | user_username stringlengths 2 30 |
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1,889,818 | Creating a RESTful API with Flight Framework | In this article, we'll walk through building a RESTful API using the Flight framework, which is a... | 0 | 2024-06-15T20:38:03 | https://dev.to/n0nag0n/creating-a-restful-api-with-flight-framework-56lj | php, restapi, tutorial | In this article, we'll walk through building a RESTful API using the [Flight framework](https://docs.flightphp.com), which is a simple yet powerful PHP micro-framework. Flight aims to be simple to understand what is going on with your application and leave you in control without too much "magic" happening. We'll cover the basics of setting up the framework, creating a user resource in a SQLite database, and implementing a simple authentication middleware.
### Getting Started with Flight
First, let's set up Flight and create our project. You can download Flight from its [GitHub repository](https://github.com/flightphp/core) or installed via [composer](https://getcomposer.org). Composer is generally the way to go.
#### Installation
You can install Flight via Composer. Create a new directory for your project and run the following command:
```bash
composer require flightphp/core
```
#### Setting Up Your Project
Here is the example directory structure for your project:
```
project-root/
├── public/
│ └── index.php
├── config/
│ └── config.php
├── middleware/
│ └── AuthMiddleware.php
├── vendor/
└── composer.json
```
Create an `index.php` file in your public directory. This file will serve as the entry point for your application.
```php
<?php
require __DIR__.'/../vendor/autoload.php';
Flight::route('/', function(){
echo 'Hello, world!';
});
Flight::start();
```
Open up your terminal application and type `php -S localhost:8080 -t public/` and navigate to `http://localhost:8080` to see the "Hello, world!" message. If you get an error message about a port already being used, go ahead and try another port like `8081`.
### Creating the User Resource
Now, let's create a user resource with CRUD operations. We'll use SQLite for the database for the simplicity of this tutorial, but you can use any database of your choice.
#### Database Connection
Create a `config.php` file to store your database credentials:
```php
<?php
// config.php
return [
'database_path' => __DIR__.'/../flight_app.sqlite',
];
```
#### CRUD Operations
In your `index.php` file, include the database connection and define CRUD operations for the user resource.
```php
<?php
require __DIR__.'/../vendor/autoload.php';
$config = require __DIR__.'/../config/config.php';
// This is where you can register a database connection so you can use it in any of your routes below
Flight::register('db', \flight\database\PdoWrapper::class, [ 'sqlite:'.$config['database_path'] ], function($db){
$db->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);
$db->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_DEFAULT_FETCH_MODE, PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
});
// This will create the database and the users table if it doesn't exist already
if(file_exists($config['database_path']) === false) {
$db = Flight::db();
$db->runQuery("CREATE TABLE users (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, name TEXT NOT NULL, email TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE, password TEXT NOT NULL)");
}
// A group helps group together similar routes for convenience
Flight::group('/users', function(\flight\net\Router $router) {
// Get all users
$router->get('', function(){
$db = Flight::db();
$users = $db->fetchAll("SELECT * FROM users");
Flight::json($users);
});
// Get user by id
$router->get('/@id', function($id){
$db = Flight::db();
$user = $db->fetchRow("SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = :id", [ ':id' => $id ]);
if (!empty($user['id'])) {
Flight::json($user);
} else {
Flight::jsonHalt([ 'message' => 'User not found' ], 404);
}
});
// Create new user
$router->post('', function(){
$data = Flight::request()->data;
$db = Flight::db();
$result = $db->runQuery("INSERT INTO users (name, email, password) VALUES (:name, :email, :password)", [
':name' => $data['name'],
':email' => $data['email'],
':password' => password_hash($data['password'], PASSWORD_BCRYPT)
]);
Flight::json([ 'id' => $db->lastInsertId() ], 201);
});
// Update user
$router->put('/@id', function($id){
$data = Flight::request()->data->getData();
$db = Flight::db();
$result = $db->runQuery("UPDATE users SET name = :name, email = :email, password = :password WHERE id = :id", [
':id' => $id,
':name' => $data['name'],
':email' => $data['email'],
':password' => password_hash($data['password'], PASSWORD_BCRYPT)
]);
Flight::json([ 'message' => 'User updated successfully' ]);
});
// Delete user
$router->delete('/@id', function($id){
$db = Flight::db();
$stmt = $db->runQuery("DELETE FROM users WHERE id = :id", [ ':id' => $id ]);
Flight::json([ 'message' => 'User deleted successfully' ]);
});
});
Flight::start();
```
### Simple Authentication Middleware
Next, let's implement a simple authentication middleware to protect our API routes.
Create a new file called `AuthMiddleware.php`:
```php
<?php
// AuthMiddleware.php
class AuthMiddleware {
public function before() {
$headers = Flight::request()->getHeaders();
if (isset($headers['Authorization']) === true) {
$token = $headers['Authorization'];
// Normally, you would validate the token here. For simplicity, we'll just check if it's "secret"
if ($token == 'secret') {
return true;
}
}
Flight::jsonHalt([ 'message' => 'Unauthorized' ], 401);
}
}
```
Include this middleware in your `index.php` file and protect your routes:
```php
<?php
require __DIR__.'/../vendor/autoload.php';
$config = require __DIR__.'/../config/config.php';
require __DIR__.'/../middleware/AuthMiddleware.php';
// code to set up database connection (as shown above)
Flight::group('/users', function(\flight\net\Router $router) {
// previously defined routes here
// This is where you put the middleware
}, [ new AuthMiddleware() ]);
// Repeat for other routes...
```
### Example Usage
To test your API, you can use tools like Postman or cURL. Here’s an example using cURL to get all users:
#### Creating a User
```bash
curl -X POST -H "Authorization: secret" -d '{"name":"John Doe", "email":"john@example.com", "password":"password"}' http://localhost:8080/users
```
This will create a new user and return the user ID.
#### Getting All Users
```bash
curl -H "Authorization: secret" http://localhost:8080/users
```
This will return a JSON response with all the users in your database.
#### Getting a User by ID
Now that you have created a user, you can get the user by ID. You can get the ID from the response of the previous request.
```bash
curl -H "Authorization: secret" http://localhost:8080/users/1
```
#### Updating a User
You can update a user by sending a PUT request with the user ID and the updated data.
```bash
curl -X PUT -H "Authorization: secret" -d '{"name":"Jane Doe", "email":"jane@example.com", "password":"mynewpassword"}' http://localhost:8080/users/1
```
#### Deleting a User
You can delete a user by sending a DELETE request with the user ID.
```bash
curl -X DELETE -H "Authorization: secret" http://localhost:8080/users/1
```
### Wrapping Up
Flight is a great choice for building simple and lightweight applications quickly. It offers the essential features needed for creating a RESTful API while being easy to learn and use. For many projects, Flight has plenty of features to help maintain the long term needs for your project. For more complex applications, you might consider using more robust frameworks like Laravel, CakePHP, or CodeIgniter, depending on your specific needs.
If you made it this far, here is the [code](https://github.com/n0nag0n/flightphp-restapi-user) used in this article. | n0nag0n |
1,889,741 | Iterating Data Structures in JavaScript | Data Structures Data structures in JavaScript are the backbone of functionality for most... | 0 | 2024-06-15T20:32:50 | https://dev.to/masonbarnes645/iterating-data-structures-in-javascript-o26 | ## Data Structures
Data structures in JavaScript are the backbone of functionality for most of the projects that I have made in my short coding journey. Data structures, like objects and arrays contain the information that programs need to access for a multitude of reasons. If we have a lot of information or data, these data structures will be the best way to store that information.
Of course, at some point, we will want to access this information. While it is possible to retrieve each element one by one, this is obviously not a feasible way to build code. Ideally, we would want to build one piece of code that helps us sort through the entire array or object. Luckily, we do! We can build a chunk of code using an iterator, allowing us to repeatedly fire code on the information we need to. In this post, I'll go over how we can use iterators, and some useful scenarios to employ them.
## Methods Used For Iteration
There are many different methods we can use to iterate objects and arrays in JavaScript. Most of these methods will be used on arrays. I won't go over every single method, but I would like to highlight some important ones that serve to showcase iteration as a whole.
I would like to talk about a couple different types of iterators in this blog, the first type being iterators that allow you to search for existing elements within your array.
## Search Iterators
As the name suggests, search iterators are used to iterate over arrays and return specific values. There are many different methods that belong to this category, that can be used in many different ways. I'll start with a very basic example to show what I mean. Here is an example of the find() method:
```
const prices = [9, 19, 49, 99,]
function searchPrices(price){
if ( price > 40){
return price
}
}
```
In this example, we would use the find method like this:
```
prices.find(searchPrices)
```
We place our array first, then the find method, and finally we pass the callback function searchTeams as the argument. The find method will go through every element in the array, and run the searchPrces function on it. When it finally finds a price over 40, it returns that price, like this:
```
'49'
```
The find method is very limited, because it only returns the first matching element it finds, but it is a good example of all search iterators. If no price matching the criteria is found, find will return undefined.
Instead of just one element, maybe you want a whole list of matching elements. This too is possible with array iterators, using the filter method:
```
const teams = ['76ers', 'thunder', 'timberwolves', 'heat','warriors']
function searchTeams(team){
if (team.includes('s'))
return team
}
```
Using the same notation, replacing find with filter, like this:
```
teams.filter(searchTeams)
```
which returns:
```
[ '76ers', 'timberwolves', 'warriors' ]
```
as you can see, the filter method returns all the teams that contain the letter 's', packaged in an array. It's worth making a note that if there are no matching values, instead of an undefined value, it will return an empty array. I'm sure that you can imagine many uses this method could have in retrieving data, that is the power of iterators.
## Other Iterators
It's hard for me to come up with a name that incapsulates non-search array iterators, because their uses are vast and unique. The most basic, but still very useful iterator is forEach. It has a somewhat intuitive name, and you might have guessed that for each array element, it calls a function. Lets take a look at an example:
```
const teams = ['yankees', 'mets', 'mariners']
function changeTeams(team){
let result = team.toUpperCase()
console.log(result)
}
teams.forEach(changeTeams)
```
As you may have already guess, the result is that the console logs the follwing:
```
YANKEES
METS
MARINERS
```
So as you can see, the forEach did exactly what is what meant to do. It went to each element in the array, and ran the changeTeams function, making them uppercase.
## Using Iteration for Non-Array Objects
One way to utilize iteration on non-array objects is to convert part of the object into an iterable array. While you cannot use methods I've outlines to iterate over non-array objects, you can use them after you convert into an array.
The way you would accomplish this is by using the Object.keys() or Object.values() method. After using one of those two methods, you can iterate the array that is returned.
```
const car = {
make: "Toyota",
model: "Prius",
year: 2008,
};
typeOfCar = Object.values(car)
console.log(typeOfCar)
```
In the above example, we use Object.values() to get an array of information from the object car. When typeOfCar is logged, it will look like this:
```
[ 'Toyota', 'Prius', 2008 ]
```
Now that we have this array, we can use any iterators we want on it. The same methodology will work using Object.keys(). This allows us to utilize iteration methods on non-array objects.
## Conclusion
Iterators are some of the most important and useful methods. Whether you are searching for elements, want to change an array, return a modified copy of an array, or reduce an array to a single value, there is an iterator that will do it for you. What I've shown in this short blog is only one very small glimpse into the power of iterating data structures, and I encourage anyone to explore them as much as possible.
## Resources
https://www.w3schools.com/jsref/jsref_find.asp
https://www.w3schools.com/jsref/jsref_filter.asp
https://www.w3schools.com/jsref/jsref_object_values.asp
https://www.w3schools.com/jsref/jsref_object_keys.asp
https://www.w3schools.com/jsref/jsref_foreach.asp | masonbarnes645 | |
1,889,817 | Software company website | A post by Deknows | 0 | 2024-06-15T20:27:10 | https://dev.to/deknows/software-company-website-33h2 | webdev, javascript |
| deknows |
1,889,808 | Generate Tailwind components with AI | Hello! I’m thrilled to introduce my latest project, TailwindAI, a specialized AI tool for developers... | 0 | 2024-06-15T20:22:02 | https://dev.to/elreco_/generate-tailwind-components-with-ai-n79 | tailwindcss, ai, javascript | Hello!
I’m thrilled to introduce my latest project, TailwindAI, a specialized AI tool for developers working with Tailwind CSS. This innovative tool enables you to generate custom Tailwind CSS components or iterate on existing ones with just a few commands.
One of the standout features of TailwindAI is its ability to create multiple iterations quickly, allowing you to explore various design options effortlessly. Although it doesn’t offer direct HTML code editing, its iterative capabilities provide substantial flexibility and ease of use for your design process.
I'd be grateful if you could take a moment to explore TailwindAI and share your thoughts. Your feedback is incredibly valuable and will help refine the tool further. If you find it useful, please consider signing up. This will indicate your interest and encourage me to keep improving TailwindAI.
Check it out here:
www.tailwindai.dev
Demo: https://youtu.be/J6dpGqHVm1s
Would this tool be a useful addition to your workflow? I look forward to hearing your thoughts! | elreco_ |
1,889,802 | Vite orqali Vue loyiha qurish. | ﷽ Assalamu alaykum! Demak Vite texnologiyasi yordamidan Vue loyiha qurishni o'rganamiz! Vite —... | 0 | 2024-06-15T20:16:59 | https://dev.to/mukhriddinweb/vite-orqali-vue-loyiha-qurish-21ie | webdev, javascript, programming, tutorial | ﷽
**Assalamu alaykum!** Demak **Vite** texnologiyasi yordamidan **Vue** loyiha qurishni o'rganamiz!
Vite — Vue.js ilovasini yaratish uchun tez va samarali texnologiya hisoblanadi. Quyida Vite yordamida Vue.js (app) yaratish jarayonini batafsil ko'rib chiqamiz.
**1. Muhitni tayyorlash kerak (Preparation of the environment)**
Birinchidan, kompyuteringizda Node.js o'rnatilganligiga ishonch hosil qiling. Node.js ni [rasmiy saytidan](https://nodejs.org/en) yuklab olish mumkin.
**2. Yangi Vue.js loyihasini yaratish:**
a. Terminal yoki komanda qatori (Command Prompt) ni ochamiz
b. Loyihani yaratish uchun quyidagi buyruqni bajaring:
va
```
npm create vite@latest [loyiha_nomi]
```
Bu buyruq yangi Vite loyihasini my-app nomi bilan yaratadi va Vue.js shablonidan foydalanishni tanlaymiz.
va bu yerda JavaScriptni tanlaymiz (hozircha) keyinroq TypeScript yoki Nuxt uchun bemalol ishlab ketaveramiz o'rganish uchun JavaScriptdan boshlashimiz mumkin bo'ladi.
```
cd my-app
npm install
npm run dev
```
yuqoridagi buyruq orqali biz kerakli "package" larni o'rnatib olib loyihamizni ishga tushurishimiz mukin bo'ladi.
```
npm run dev
```
Ushbu buyruqdan so'ng, terminalda mahalliy (local) server manzili ko'rsatiladi, odatda bu http://localhost:3000 yoki 5174 bo'ladi. Brauzeringizda ushbu manzilga o'tib, yangi Vue.js ilovamizni ko'rishimiz mumkin.
**3. Loyiha Tuzilmasi
Loyiha yaratib, ochilganingizdan so'ng, loyiha tuzilmasi (strukturasi) quyidagicha bo'ladi:**
```
my-app/
├── node_modules/
├── public/
│ └── vite.svg
├── src/
│ ├── assets/
│ │ └── vue.svg
│ ├── components/
│ │ └── HelloWorld.vue
│ ├── App.vue
│ ├── main.js
├── .gitignore
├── index.html
├── package.json
├── README.md
└── vite.config.js
```
Keyingi maqolada Vue.js loyihamizning tuzilmasi va fayllari , folderlarga, fayllarga qanday nom berish kerak , inshaaAlloh bu haqida batafsil gaplashamiz!
BaarakAllohu fiikum!
https://t.me/mukhriddinweb
https://khodieff.uz
| mukhriddinweb |
1,889,801 | From Chaos to Order: The Art of Hashing in CS | Hashing in Computer Science By utilizing a hash function, hashing encodes input... | 0 | 2024-06-15T20:13:02 | https://dev.to/electroholmes/from-chaos-to-order-the-art-of-hashing-in-cs-1h0j | devchallenge, cschallenge, computerscience, beginners | ## <u>_Hashing in Computer Science_</u>
### By utilizing a hash function, hashing encodes input data into a fixed-size value (hash). For swift information retrieval, it is implemented in data structures such as hash tables. An efficient lookup is ensured by good hashing, which reduces collisions—the situation in which two inputs result in the same hash.
| electroholmes |
1,889,800 | 7 Ansible Automation Labs to Boost Your DevOps Skills 🚀 | The article is about 7 comprehensive Ansible automation labs from LabEx, designed to boost your DevOps skills. It covers a wide range of topics, including the Ansible Fetch module for retrieving files from remote hosts, managing multiple inventories, executing shell commands with the Shell module, managing files and directories with the File module, running custom scripts with the Script module, automating task scheduling with the Cron module, and gathering file and directory information with the Stat module. The labs provide hands-on experience and in-depth insights, empowering you to streamline your infrastructure automation and workflow optimization. Whether you're a beginner or an experienced DevOps professional, this collection of Ansible tutorials is a must-explore resource to elevate your skills and stay ahead in the dynamic world of DevOps. | 27,737 | 2024-06-15T20:09:15 | https://dev.to/labex/7-ansible-automation-labs-to-boost-your-devops-skills-497j | coding, programming, tutorial, ansible |
Explore a collection of 7 comprehensive Ansible labs from LabEx, covering a wide range of topics to elevate your DevOps expertise. From mastering the Fetch module to managing multiple inventories, these hands-on tutorials will equip you with the essential skills to automate your infrastructure and streamline your workflows. 🛠️
## 1. Ansible Fetch Module: Retrieving Files from Remote Hosts 📂
In this lab, you'll dive into the usage of the Ansible Fetch module, which allows you to retrieve files from remote machines and copy them to the control machine. This is particularly useful when you need to collect specific files or artifacts from your managed hosts. [Get started with the Ansible Fetch Module lab.](https://labex.io/labs/290159)
## 2. Managing Multiple Ansible Inventories: Organizing Complex Environments 📁
Dealing with multiple inventories in Ansible can be a common scenario, especially in complex environments with different groups of hosts or separate environments. In this lab, you'll learn how to work with multiple inventories, define and organize them, and perform operations across various inventories. [Explore the Manage Multiple Ansible Inventories lab.](https://labex.io/labs/290193)
## 3. Ansible Shell Module: Executing Shell Commands with Flexibility 💻
The Ansible Shell module is your go-to tool when you need to run shell commands on remote hosts that are not covered by existing Ansible modules or when you require more flexibility and control over the execution. In this lab, you'll dive into the usage of the Shell module. [Get hands-on with the Ansible Shell Module lab.](https://labex.io/labs/289409)
## 4. Ansible File Module: Manage Files and Directories 📁
The Ansible File module allows you to manage files and directories on remote hosts, providing a wide range of functionalities, such as creating, deleting, modifying permissions, and checking the existence of files and directories. In this lab, you'll explore the capabilities of the File module. [Unlock the power of the Ansible File Module lab.](https://labex.io/labs/289654)
## 5. Ansible Script Module: Execute Custom Scripts on Remote Hosts 🔧
The Ansible Script module empowers you to run scripts written in any programming language on target hosts, providing flexibility and customization options in your automation tasks. In this lab, you'll learn how to leverage the Script module to execute custom scripts. [Dive into the Ansible Script Module lab.](https://labex.io/labs/289411)
## 6. Ansible Cron Module: Automate Task Scheduling 📅
Mastering the Ansible Cron module is essential for automating the scheduling of tasks. In this lab, you'll learn how to use the Cron module to manage cron jobs on remote hosts, ensuring your tasks are executed at the right time. [Explore the Ansible Cron Module lab.](https://labex.io/labs/290157)
## 7. Ansible Stat Module: Gather File and Directory Information 📊
The Ansible Stat module allows you to gather information about files and directories on remote hosts, providing valuable insights such as file size, ownership, permissions, and modification timestamps. In this lab, you'll dive into the capabilities of the Stat module. [Get started with the Ansible Stat Module lab.](https://labex.io/labs/290192)
Dive into these Ansible automation labs and elevate your DevOps skills to new heights! 🚀 Happy learning!
---
## Want to learn more?
- 🌳 Learn the latest [Ansible Skill Trees](https://labex.io/skilltrees/ansible)
- 📖 Read More [Ansible Tutorials](https://labex.io/tutorials/category/ansible)
- 🚀 Practice thousands of programming labs on [LabEx](https://labex.io)
Join our [Discord](https://discord.gg/J6k3u69nU6) or tweet us [@WeAreLabEx](https://twitter.com/WeAreLabEx) ! 😄 | labby |
1,889,799 | Solution To Your Crypto Losses | "The forensic team at (RECOVERYEXPERT at RESCUETEAM dot COM) has done an amazing job in recovering my... | 0 | 2024-06-15T20:06:30 | https://dev.to/mable_johanson_5acd7f1e08/solution-to-your-crypto-losses-2jpb | "The forensic team at (RECOVERYEXPERT at RESCUETEAM dot COM) has done an amazing job in recovering my stolen Bitcoin, and I am really grateful for that. I felt helpless and had no idea what to do when my monies were taken. However, they were able to track and follow the money to the leveraged outsourced wallets where my coins were kept because of Recovery expert's and their proficiency in smart contract audit.
The news that they had successfully extracted the first 42 Bitcoin from the outsourced wallets astounded me. Without their exceptional professionalism and perseverance, I am positive that I would never have been able to get my stolen coins back. | mable_johanson_5acd7f1e08 | |
1,889,798 | A Week of React Learning: Key Takeaways and Future Plans | This week has been a fun week; it's my first week without any assignments for computer science and... | 0 | 2024-06-15T20:00:37 | https://justkirsten.hashnode.dev/a-week-of-react-learning-key-takeaways-and-future-plans | webdev, beginners, react, learning |
This week has been a fun week; it's my first week without any assignments for computer science and purely a week where I learned all sorts of React jazz. ✨
Not to mention, this week was the first week where I considered myself officially back on my **100Devs** community-taught journey.
## This week I learned:
This week, my focus was entirely on React. Here’s what I learned:
### Fetching data in React
Having done Scrimba when I first started learning I knew something about fetching data within React, but, I could easily have failed to answer you, this week I fixed my tech debt knowledge about fetching data in a React application.
To start with I got a refresher crash course on the **Fetch API**. It was something I knew and understood how to use, from a JavaScript point of view. The [**Fetch API**](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/fetch) not being part of the JavaScript language, but, is a Web API. Having absolutely nothing to do with the JavaScript specification, and only exists due to the environment in which we are running our code - **the browser** - which was a wonderful refresher. It is something I am wildly fascinated by.
What I learned about fetching data in React is that the **[useEffect](https://react.dev/reference/react/useEffect)** hook is required to fetch data, this is because:
- without a useEffect hook we can run into infinite loops, and I tested it, it can just keep running, which is not a good thing.
- Fetching data from an external point is a *side-effect* - and React has no way of handling this asynchronous behaviour. However, with the useEffect hook, we can handle side-effects, this is the entire purpose of the **useEffect** hook in the first place.
> useEffect
> `useEffect` is a React Hook that lets you [synchronize a component with an external system.](https://react.dev/learn/synchronizing-with-effects)
In the case of fetching data - you need to synchronise the data you have received with your application, also likely, as I have been doing in my tests, using the **useState** hook.
I want to use this in my **RecipeFinder** project. :)
## useReducer hook
I am still struggling with the useReducer hook, but the basics I have understood are:
- it's like a super-powered useState
- using useReducer is best when the state is complex, eg. an object with various properties.
- it takes two arguments, an initial state, just as useState does, and then a second, an action argument, this action argument is what gives useReducer its **super powered** juice, using this second argument we can update state more efficiently based on actions in our code, which would reduce complexity and errors.
I still have to read and practice more with it. :)
## Children in React
I had a crash course on JSX - JSX is just JavaScript under the hood.
It is objects - and I learned that React transpiles its JSX to these objects and it has a hierarchy of children, which are a representation of the DOM nodes that are rendered to the UI.
In doing this, I used Babel a lot.
Look how cool it is, the React component and what it transpiles to.
```js
<MyComponent>
<div>
<h1> Hiya world! </h1>
<h2> <span> oh a nested child </span> </h2>
</div>
</MyComponent>
```
```jsx
import { jsx as _jsx, jsxs as _jsxs } from "react/jsx-runtime";
/*#__PURE__*/ _jsx(MyComponent, {
children: /*#__PURE__*/ _jsxs("div", {
children: [
/*#__PURE__*/ _jsx("h1", {
children: " Hiya world! "
}),
/*#__PURE__*/ _jsxs("h2", {
children: [
" ",
/*#__PURE__*/ _jsx("span", {
children: "Oh a nested child "
}),
" "
]
})
]
})
});
```
Not to mention I also got a nice exploration on the React Children prop, which, despite being listed as something that increases the risk of fragile code, is something I find cool.
Along with the Children prop, I learned the **Children.map** to transform Children in React, almost exactly how the **map** functions in vanilla JavaScript.
I like the pattern. It allows for really nice dynamic manipulation of children elements. I haven't used it much outside of the study lesson though. :) Soon. TM.
## Custom hooks
I recall seeing "Custom Hooks" in the title of a YouTube video once, I didn't know much about hooks then, all I knew then was useState and the idea of a custom hook horrified me.
I was wrong.
Custom hooks are freaking awesome.
A custom hook is a module in React. It allows you to create a hook that performs a specific functionality all bundled up into a hook. This means you can share and use this hook anywhere in your code if you need it.
Reducing code duplication.
### Higher-order components and render props
I noticed something this week as I was learning React.
A lot of React patterns/code revolve around reducing code duplication. Higher-order components and render props do exactly this.
With Higher order components we have a component and then we return a new one from our higher order one and this new component has extra features. It's an interesting pattern I have to explore more, but the general idea is:
When certain React logic is being reused a higher-order component might be a better option because it will reduce the code repetition, and then you can use that same higher-order component to implement similar logic in a different part of the application by returning a different component and modifying it to your use case.
Render props function much the same way, however, instead, they return a render() method with the data of the new component/data.
### Portfolio time...
I also started a revamp of my portfolio.
I have been using a template & that is cool and great, it's neat, and it's functional, and I likely will go back to one, but, I am making my own right now. I am using React.
The goal is to implement a lot of the features and code I have learned.
Learning about context API and how it can be used to toggle between themes was super exciting and I would like to make several for my portfolio. My fear is the design and probably this means I will hunt for a Figma design file and code it myself.
This seems like a better idea to me.
## Extras
A few extras I did this week:
- I had a coffee chat with a front-end developer and it was pretty wonderful. I learned a lot from this person and got so many ideas, namely sharing my work and not learning in a vacuum, this is common advice and I have been working on that.
- Their advice was to leverage LinkedIn as well, I am terrible at LinkedIn but, I will start to use it more. :)
## Conclusion
Overall a wonderful week with React and I look forward to more, next week is Scrimba and I am super excited to dive into it and work on the projects. Will be super fun.
This is just the beginning. I am truly super excited to continue this journey.
More of my journey on ✨ [X/Twitter](https://x.com/km_fsdev) ✨ | ofthewildfire |
1,889,796 | Creating a resource group in Azure | What is a resource group? A resource group is a fundamental concept in cloud computing, commonly used... | 0 | 2024-06-15T19:52:55 | https://dev.to/bdporomon/creating-a-resource-group-in-azure-2opk | **What is a resource group?**
A resource group is a fundamental concept in cloud computing, commonly used by major cloud service providers like Microsoft Azure, Amazon Web Services (AWS), and Google Cloud Platform (GCP). Essentially, a resource group is a logical container that holds related resources for a specific application or project.
**How to create a resource group**
Open your web browser and enter Azure Portal. To access the portal sign in with your Azure account credentials. Once you've entered into the Azure Portal, in the search tab, search and select "Resource groups" Once on the "Resource groups" page, click on the "Create" button. Select the Azure subscription you want to use for the resource group, for me it was "Azure subscription 1". Put in a name for your resource group. Select the region where you want the data for your reference group stored.
It's best to choose a region where your resources will be deployed. After all the necessary details have been entered, click the "Review + create" button. Once the validation passes, click on the "Create" button. After the resource group is created, you can access it by going to "Resource groups" in the Azure Portal.
| bdporomon | |
1,889,788 | What the hell are Binary Numbers? | Don't let binary numbers trouble you. A quick intro This is my first blog... | 0 | 2024-06-15T19:51:23 | https://dev.to/chaturvedi-harshit/what-the-hell-are-binary-numbers-5cnk | python, computerscience, binary, backenddevelopment | > ### Don't let binary numbers trouble you.
## A quick intro
This is my first blog post ever! I am an aspiring backend developer who has never worked in Tech (been working in Customer Success) and is learning Python as his first programming language. Btw, I am learning from [Boot.dev](boot.dev) (Do check that out!).
Okay, coming back to intro. During my learning I came across Bitwise operators in python which are a type of comparison operators and I found myself a little confused about binary numbers, hence this post.
## What are these numbers?
There are different number systems, base 2, base 8, base 10, base 16.
Computers use base 2 or binary numbers , 0 and 1 at its very core to store and process data. Computers use transistors for its main memory which either have on or off as their states. This on and off behaviour is represented by 0s and 1s.
More
For the sake of this blog, let's just take base 10 and base 2. Base 10 are your numbers `0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9` and base 2 are your binary numbers, `0 and 1.`
In your everyday life, you are using base 10 as the number system, when you say any random number like 7, 281, 999, etc.
In base 10, there's a ones place, a tens place, hundreds place and so on. Similarly, base 2 also has places. They start at Ones place but every next place is multiple of 2. This is because binary is made of two bases, hence all of its digit positions correspond to powers of 2.
This is how the places would look like:
OR
We can also write these numbers as:
> 2 exponent 0 is 1.
Looking at these place in terms of exponents of 2 makes it easier for us to convert base 10 number to base 2 or decimal to binary which we will learn below.
## Converting Binary to Decimal.
The conversion is pretty straightforward. Let's learn step-by-step.
> Example 1: 1011
### Steps
1. Multiply each digit of the binary number with its corresponding power of two (from left to right):
1 X (2^3) + 0 X (2^2) + 1 X (2^1) + 1 X (2^0)
2. Solve the powers and add them:
1 X 8 + 0 X 4 + 1 X 2 + 1 X 1 = 11
> So, 11 is the decimal equivalent of the binary number 1011.
You, see how easy it was. Let's take another example:
> Example 2: 10000000000
### Steps
1. Multiply each digit of the binary number with its corresponding power of two (from left to right):
1 X (2^10) + 0 X (2^9) + 0 X (2^8) + 0 X (2^7) + 0 X (2^6) + 0 X (2^5) + 0 X (2^4) + 0 X (2^3) + 0 X (2^2) + 0 X (2^1) + 0 X (2^0)
2. Solve the powers and add them:
1 X 1024 + 0 X 512 + 0 X 256 + 0 X 128 + 0 X 64 + 0 X 32 + 0 X 16 + 0 X 8 + 0 X 4 + 0 X 2 + 0 X 1 = 1024
> So, 1024 is the decimal equivalent of the binary number 10000000000.
## Converting Decimal to Binary
Converting decimal to binary is pretty easy too. You keep on dividing the number by two until the quotient is you and the remainders at each step becomes the binary digit. And finally you read that number from bottom to top.
> Example: 145
> Now read the remainder column from bottom to top and that's your binary number : 10010001
#### Quick Quiz 😀
- What do 1100100 and 1101 are equivalent to in decimal system ?
Open to feedback and questions. You can connect with me on [Twitter](https://x.com/ichaturvedi_h) (still not able to call it X)
| chaturvedi-harshit |
1,889,794 | The Duel of AI Titans: Meta vs. Mistral | The realm of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is in a constant state of flux, with new advancements... | 27,673 | 2024-06-15T19:50:39 | https://dev.to/rapidinnovation/the-duel-of-ai-titans-meta-vs-mistral-1hh | The realm of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is in a constant state of flux, with
new advancements pushing the boundaries of what's possible. Large Language
Models (LLMs) have emerged as a focal point in this evolution, capable of
processing and generating human-like text with remarkable proficiency. In this
ever-competitive landscape, two names stand out: Meta, the tech giant formerly
known as Facebook, and the up-and-coming challenger, Mistral AI.
## Meta: The Behemoth with Brawn
Meta's LLMs are known for their:
However, they also face challenges:
## Mistral: The David with a Slingshot
Mistral AI's Mistral 7B model has made waves with its:
Yet, it has its own limitations:
## The Philosophical Divide: Open vs. Closed
Meta's closed-source, large-scale approach prioritizes immediate performance
gains, while Mistral AI's open-source, efficient models foster collaboration
and transparency. Both strategies have their merits, and only time will tell
which will prevail.
## The Looming Question: Who Wins?
There's no clear winner in the Mistral vs. Meta duel. Each LLM excels in
distinct areas, catering to different needs and user bases:
## The Evolving Landscape and the Road Ahead
The rivalry between Mistral and Meta highlights key trends in the LLM
landscape, such as balancing efficiency with scale, focusing on specialized
tasks, and addressing ethical considerations. Collaboration between industry
leaders and agile startups could drive breakthroughs that benefit everyone.
## Conclusion: A Bright Future for LLMs
The competition between Meta and Mistral AI symbolizes a broader clash of
ideologies: the quest for power and specialization versus the pursuit of
accessibility and openness. Finding a balance between these approaches will be
crucial in ensuring that AI technology benefits society as a whole.
Drive innovation with intelligent AI and secure blockchain technology! 🌟 Check
out how we can help your business grow!
[Blockchain App Development](https://www.rapidinnovation.io/service-
development/blockchain-app-development-company-in-usa)
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development/blockchain-app-development-company-in-usa)
[AI Software Development](https://www.rapidinnovation.io/ai-software-
development-company-in-usa)
[AI Software Development](https://www.rapidinnovation.io/ai-software-
development-company-in-usa)
## URLs
* <http://www.rapidinnovation.io/post/open-source-llms-mistral-vs-meta>
## Hashtags
#ArtificialIntelligence
#LargeLanguageModels
#MetaVsMistral
#OpenSourceAI
#AIInnovation
| rapidinnovation | |
1,889,793 | Template syntax va direktivalar haqida. | ﷽ Assalamu alaykum! Ushbu postda Vue.js loyihamizning umummiy tuzulmasi (strukturasi, fayllari)... | 0 | 2024-06-15T19:47:31 | https://dev.to/mukhriddinweb/template-syntax-haqida-3ij9 | vue, javascript, vuex, pinia | ﷽
Assalamu alaykum! [Ushbu](https://dev.to/mystery9807/vuejs-loyihamizning-tuzilmasi-haqida-3cek) postda Vue.js loyihamizning umummiy tuzulmasi (strukturasi, fayllari) bilan tanishib chiqidik.
Endi navbat Vue.js loyihamizning asosiy sintaksis haqida gaplashamiz.
Vue.js template sintaksisi HTML ga o'xshaydi va Vue komponentlari ichida reaktiv ma'lumotlarni ko'rsatish va boshqarish uchun ishlatiladi. Yuqoridagi rasmda asosiy ketmaketlik qizil chiziq bilan belgilab sanab o'tilgan , ko'rib turganingizdek juda ham sodda va quyida Vue.js template sintaksisining asosiy jihatlarini batafsil ko'rishimzi mumkin:
### Interpolatsiya
#### Matn Interpolatsiyasi
Matn interpolatsiyasi orqali komponent ma'lumotlarini HTML ichida ko'rsatish mumkin:
```App.vue
<script setup>
const message="Assalamu alaykum";
</script>
<template>
<h1 class="title">{{ message }}</h1>
</template>
<style scoped>
.title{
color:#32cd32;
text-align: center;
}
</style>
```
Bu yerda `{{ message }}` orqali `message` o'zgaruvchisining qiymati HTMLda ko'rsatiladi.
#### HTML Interpolatsiyasi
Agar siz o'zgaruvchi qiymatini HTML sifatida kiritish kerak bo'lsa, `v-html` direktivasidan foydalaniladi:
```html
<div v-html="rawHtml"></div>
```
va ushbu divni parent sifatida qabul qilib ichiga HTML elementlarimizni render qiladi.
### Direktivalar
#### `v-bind`
Atributlarni dinamik ravishda bog'lash uchun ishlatiladi:
```html
<img v-bind:src="imageSrc">
<!-- qisqacha sintaksis -->
<img :src="imageSrc">
```
#### `v-if`
Elementni shartli ravishda ko'rsatish uchun ishlatiladi:
```html
<p v-if="seen"> Ushbu xabar ko'rinvottimi bro 😎 </p>
```
#### `v-else` va `v-else-if`
`v-if` bilan birga qo'llaniladi va shartlarga qarab elementni ko'rsatadi:
```html
<p v-if="type === 'A'">A javob</p>
<p v-else-if="type === 'B'">B javob</p>
<p v-else>C javob</p>
```
#### `v-for`
Ro'yxatlarni iteratsiya (loop) qilish uchun ishlatiladi:
```html
<ul>
<li v-for="item in items" :key="item.id">{{ item.text }}</li>
</ul>
```
itmes bu yerda array [] , item esa array elementi hisoblanadi , :key esa iteratsiya qilinayotgan elementni 'unique' qilish uchun ishlatiladi.
#### `v-on`
Hodisalarga qo'llaniladi, masalan, tugmalarni bosish:
```html
<button v-on:click="doSomething">Bos</button>
<!-- qisqacha sintaksis 😎 -->
<button @click="doSomething">Bos</button>
```
### Class va Style
#### `v-bind:class`
Dinamik ravishda classlarni qo'shish mumkin:
```html
<div :class="{ active: isActive }"></div>
<div :class="[classA, classB]"></div>
```
#### `v-bind:style`
Dinamik stillarni qo'llash mumkin:
```html
<div :style="{ color: activeColor, fontSize: fontSize + 'px' }"></div>
```
### Ikki tomonlama bog'lanish
#### `v-model`
Form elementlari bilan ikki tomonlama bog'lanishni ta'minlaydi:
```html
<input v-model="message" placeholder="Xabar kiriting">
```
### Qo'shimcha Direktivalar
#### `v-show`
Elementni ko'rinishini boshqaradi, ammo DOMdan olib tashlamaydi:
ya'ni display:none; saqlaydi holos.
```html
<p v-show="isShown">Ko'rinadigan xabar</p>
```
#### `v-pre`
Element va uning farzandlari (childlari) uchun remderlanishini to'xtatadi:
```html
<span v-pre>{{ bu mustahkamlanmaydi }}</span>
```
#### `v-cloak`
Elementga Vue.js ilovasi to'liq yuklanmaguncha ko'rinishini to'xtatadi:
```html
<div v-cloak>{{ message }}</div>
```
#### `v-once`
Element va uning farzandlarini (child elementlarini) faqat bir marta renderlaydi:
```html
<span v-once>{{ bu faqat bir marta renderlaydi }}</span>
```
### Qo'shimcha Misollar
#### Shartli Rendering
Vue.js da shartli rendering orqali elementlarni ko'rsatish yoki yashirish mumkin. `v-if`, `v-else-if`, va `v-else` direktivalari ishlatiladi:
```html
<div v-if="type === 'A'">A javob</div>
<div v-else-if="type === 'B'">B javob</div>
<div v-else>C javob</div>
```
#### Ro'yxatni Iteratsiya Qilish
`v-for` direktivasi orqali ro'yxat elementlarini iteratsiya qilish mumkin:
```html
<ul>
<li v-for="(item, index) in items" :key="item.id">
{{ index }} - {{ item.text }}
</li>
</ul>
```
items=array;
item=arrayning elementi;
index=array elementining indeksi.
#### Form Elementlari
`v-model` direktivasi orqali form elementlari bilan ikki tomonlama bog'lanishni ta'minlash mumkin:
```html
<input v-model="message" placeholder="Xabar kiriting">
<p>Yozilgan xabar: {{ message }}</p>
```
### Template Sintaksisi orqali Ma'lumotlar Bindingi
Template sintaksisi orqali Vue.js komponentlarida ma'lumotlarni dinamik ravishda bog'lash juda sodda va qulay. Bu esa reaktiv ilovalarni yaratishda katta yordam beradi.
Vue.js template sintaksisi HTMLni kengaytirish orqali dinamik va reaktiv veb ilovalarni yaratishda kuchli vositalarni taqdim etadi. Bu direktivalar va interpolatsiyalar orqali ma'lumotlarni boshqarish va hodisalarga javob berish oson va samarali bo'ladi.
inshaaAlloh keyingi maqolalarda reactive data va bir qanncha ma'lumotlarni o'rganib olamiz.
BaarakAllohu fiikum!
https://t.me/mukhriddinweb
https://khodieff.uz
| mukhriddinweb |
1,889,791 | HOAM 🏀 | HAVE FUN WITH METHODS map() ... | 0 | 2024-06-15T19:42:06 | https://dev.to/__khojiakbar__/hoam-2jh4 | javascript, highorderarraymethods, methods, array | # HAVE FUN WITH METHODS
# map()
```
--------------------------map()--------------------------
// Adding xon to the end of every name
const children = ['Amir', 'Ali', 'Komila', 'Abbos', 'Aziz'];
let transformedNames = children.map(child => {
return child + 'xon'
})
console.log(transformedNames); // ['Amirxon', 'Alixon', 'Komilaxon', 'Abbosxon', 'Azizxon']
```
# filter()
```
// --------------------------filter()--------------------------//
// Filter out teacher from students list.
const list = ['student1', 'student2', 'teacher', 'student3', 'student4', 'student5'];
let wantedPerson = list.filter(person => person === 'teacher')
console.log(wantedPerson) // ['teacher']
```
# reduce()
```
// --------------------------reduce()--------------------------//
// Calculate the sum of the money to pay for dinner that was collected from your friends.
const money = [12000, 21000, 17500, 44000, 56000, 12500];
const collectedMoney = money.reduce((acc, perMoney) => {
return acc + perMoney;
});
console.log(`Collected money from your friends is "${collectedMoney}".`)
// Collected money from your friends is "163000".
```
# forEach()
```
// --------------------------forEach()--------------------------//
// Greet with everyone
const people = ['Alisher', 'MalcolmX', 'Steve', 'Mike'];
let x = people.forEach(person => {
console.log(`Hello '${person}', How are you?`)
}); // =>
// Hello 'Alisher', How are you?
// Hello 'MalcolmX', How are you?
// Hello 'Steve', How are you?
// Hello 'Mike', How are you?
```
# find()
```
// --------------------------find()--------------------------//
// Find the thieve
let crowd = ['person', 'person' , 'person', 'thieve', 'person', 'person', 'person' ];
const thieve = crowd.find(person => person === 'thieve');
console.log(thieve) // thieve
```
# findIndex()
```
// --------------------------findIndex()--------------------------//
// Finding the Index of the First Odd Sock in Your Laundry Pile
let pile = ['pair', 'pair', 'pair', 'pair', 'pair', 'single', 'pair', ]
let foundItemIndex = pile.findIndex(sock => sock === 'single');
console.log(foundItemIndex) // 5
```
# some()
```
// --------------------------some()--------------------------//
// Checking If Any of Your Friends Have Replied to Your Group Text About Dinner Plans
const replies = ['', '', '', 'Sure!', '']
const hasAnswer = replies.some(answer => answer !== '');
console.log(hasAnswer); // true
```
# every()
```
// --------------------------every()--------------------------//
const children = [
{name: 'John', age: 30, },
{name: 'Mark', age: 30, },
{name: 'Steve', age: 30, },
{name: 'Ann', age: 30, },
{name: 'Harry', age: 30, },
]
const checkSameAge = children.every(child => child.age === 30);
console.log(checkSameAge); // true
```
# sort()
```
// --------------------------sort()--------------------------//
// Sort children's name according to the alphabet
const people = [
{name: 'John', age: 30, },
{name: 'Mark', age: 30, },
{name: 'Steve', age: 30, },
{name: 'Ann', age: 30, },
{name: 'Harry', age: 30, },
]
const sortedPeople = people.sort((a, b) => a.name.localeCompare(b.name));
console.log(sortedPeople)
// {name: 'Ann', age: 30}
// {name: 'Harry', age: 30}
// {name: 'John', age: 30}
// {name: 'Mark', age: 30}
// {name: 'Steve', age: 30}
```
| __khojiakbar__ |
1,889,790 | WANT TO GET BACK STOLEN CRYPTO ASSETS REACH OUT TO TECHNOCRATE RECOVERY | My journey into the realm of online investing began innocently enough, with the promise of lucrative... | 0 | 2024-06-15T19:39:39 | https://dev.to/zanetaeliasz94/want-to-get-back-stolen-crypto-assets-reach-out-to-technocrate-recovery-2ol6 | cybersecurity, bitcoin, cryptocurrency, blockchain | My journey into the realm of online investing began innocently enough, with the promise of lucrative returns and the allure of quick profits. Little did I know, I was about to embark on a harrowing journey that would lead me down the treacherous path of deception and betrayal. It all started with a seemingly friendly encounter on Discord, where I met someone who presented themselves as a seasoned trader with an unbeatable strategy in the forex market. Intrigued by the prospect of multiplying my investment, I decided to take the plunge and entrusted $3,000 into their hands. What followed was a whirlwind of excitement as I watched my investment double in less than a month, seemingly validating my decision. Buoyed by initial success, I eagerly poured more funds into the venture, watching in awe as my portfolio swelled to an impressive $45,000 within a few short months. The promise of even greater returns loomed on the horizon, filling me with a sense of invincibility. However, as the saying goes, "If it seems too good to be true, it probably is. Reality came crashing down when I attempted to withdraw my profits, only to be met with a barrage of excuses and demands for additional payments. What began as a quest for financial freedom soon devolved into a nightmare of endless requests for "taxes" "fees" and "processing charges." It was then that the cold realization dawned upon me—I had fallen victim to a sophisticated scam, orchestrated by someone I once considered a friend. Desperate and disillusioned, I confided in a trusted confidant, who, in turn, introduced me to (TECHNOCRATRE COVERY (@)CONTRACTOR. NET). Skeptical yet hopeful, I reached out to them, laying bare the details of my ordeal and clinging to the sliver of hope they offered. From the moment I made contact, I was met with professionalism, empathy, and a steadfast commitment to righting the wrongs inflicted upon me. (TECHNOCRATE RECOVERY) wasted no time in springing into action, deploying their expertise and resources to unravel the intricate web of deceit that ensnared me. With precision and determination, they navigated through the labyrinth of digital trails, leaving no stone unturned in their pursuit of justice.
 | zanetaeliasz94 |
1,889,702 | Creating Custom Attributes in C# | Attributes provide a way to add metadata to your code. In this blog post we'll cover the basics of... | 0 | 2024-06-15T19:26:28 | https://antondevtips.com/blog/creating-custom-attributes-in-csharp | csharp, dotnet, backend | ---
canonical_url: https://antondevtips.com/blog/creating-custom-attributes-in-csharp
---
**Attributes** provide a way to add metadata to your code.
In this blog post we'll cover the basics of what attributes are, how to set attribute properties, and how to configure where attributes can be applied.
Finally, we'll dive into a practical example to demonstrate how custom attributes can be used in the applications.
> On my webite: [antondevtips.com](https://antondevtips.com/blog/creating-custom-attributes-in-csharp?utm_source=devto&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=15_06_24) I already have blogs about C#. Subscribe as more are coming.
## What is an Attribute?
**Attributes** in C# are a way to add declarative information to your code.
They provide metadata that can be used to control various aspects of the behavior of your program at runtime or compile-time.
Attributes can be applied to various program elements like:
* assemblies, modules, classes, interfaces, structs, enums
* methods, constructors, delegates, events
* properties, fields, parameters, generic parameters, return values
* or all of the mentioned elements
You can apply one or multiple attributes to these program elements.
You're using attributes every day when creating applications in NET.
For example, the following attributes you have seen and used a lot:
```csharp
[Serializable]
public class User
{
}
[ApiController]
[Route("api/users")]
public class UsersController : ControllerBase
{
}
```
## How To Create a Custom Attribute
Attribute in C# is a class that inherits from the base `Attribute` class.
Let's have a look at how to create a custom attribute:
```csharp
[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Class, Inherited = false)]
public class CustomAttribute : Attribute
{
}
[Custom]
public class MyClass
{
}
```
The name of the attribute class should have an `Attribute` suffix.
When applied to any element, this suffix is omitted.
When creating an attribute class, you're using a built-in attribute to specify where the attribute can be applied:
```csharp
[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Class | AttributeTargets.Method, Inherited = true)]
public class CustomAttribute : Attribute
{
}
```
You can combine multiple targets by "|" operator to set where an attribute can be applied.
`Inherited` parameter indicates whether the custom attribute can be inherited by derived classes. The default value is `true`.
```csharp
[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Class, Inherited = true)]
public class CustomInheritedAttribute : Attribute
{
}
[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Class, Inherited = false)]
public class CustomNonInheritedAttribute : Attribute
{
}
```
When applying **inherited** attribute to the `ParentA` class, it is inherited by a `ChildA` class:
```csharp
[CustomInherited]
public class ParentA
{
}
public class ChildA
{
}
```
Here, the `ChildA` class has a `CustomInherited` attribute.
While in the following example, when using a **non-inherited** attribute for the `ParentB`, it is not applied to a `ChildB` class:
```csharp
[CustomNonInherited]
public class ParentB
{
}
public class ChildB
{
}
```
## Attribute Properties
Attribute properties can be either required (mandatory parameters) or non-required (optional parameters).
Attributes can accept arguments in the same way as methods and properties.
```csharp
[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Class | AttributeTargets.Method, Inherited = false)]
public class CustomWithParametersAttribute : Attribute
{
public string RequiredProperty { get; }
public int OptionalProperty { get; set; }
public CustomWithParametersAttribute(string requiredProperty)
{
RequiredProperty = requiredProperty;
}
}
```
The required properties should be defined as attribute constructor parameters.
While non-required should not be defined in the constructor.
When applying such an attribute to a class, you need to set attribute values in the order they are defined in the constructor.
Optional properties should be specified by their name:
```csharp
[CustomWithParameters("some text here", OptionalProperty = 5)]
public class ExampleClass
{
}
```
## Practical Example of Using Attributes
Let's create a custom attribute to specify the roles allowed to access a controller method:
```csharp
[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Method, Inherited = false)]
public class AuthorizeRolesAttribute : Attribute
{
public string[] Roles { get; }
public AuthorizeRolesAttribute(params string[] roles)
{
Roles = roles;
}
}
```
Next, we apply the `AuthorizeRolesAttribute` to methods in a class, specifying the roles that are allowed to access each method:
```csharp
public class AccountController
{
[AuthorizeRoles("Admin", "Manager")]
public void AdminOnlyAction()
{
Console.WriteLine("Admin or Manager can access this method.");
}
[AuthorizeRoles("User")]
public void UserOnlyAction()
{
Console.WriteLine("Only users can access this method.");
}
public void PublicAction()
{
Console.WriteLine("Everyone can access this method.");
}
}
```
To make use of this attribute, we can use reflection to get info about what attributes are applied to a method and what properties they have:
```csharp
public class RoleBasedAccessControl
{
public void ExecuteAction(object controller, string methodName, string userRole)
{
var method = controller.GetType().GetMethod(methodName);
var attribute = method?.GetCustomAttribute<AuthorizeRolesAttribute>();
if (attribute is null || attribute.Roles.Contains(userRole))
{
method?.Invoke(controller, null);
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine("Access denied. User does not have the required role.");
}
}
}
```
Here we get a method by name from a controller class and look if `AuthorizeRolesAttribute` attribute is applied to the method.
If applied, we check if a user can have access to the given method.
Finally, we can test the role-based access control logic with different user roles:
```csharp
var controller = new AccountController();
var accessControl = new RoleBasedAccessControl();
Console.WriteLine("Testing with Admin role:");
accessControl.ExecuteAction(controller, nameof(AccountController.AdminOnlyAction), "Admin");
Console.WriteLine("\nTesting with User role:");
accessControl.ExecuteAction(controller, nameof(AccountController.UserOnlyAction), "User");
Console.WriteLine("\nTesting with Guest role:");
accessControl.ExecuteAction(controller, nameof(AccountController.AdminOnlyAction), "Guest");
Console.WriteLine("\nTesting public method with Guest role:");
accessControl.ExecuteAction(controller, nameof(AccountController.PublicAction), "Guest");
```
Output:
```
Testing with Admin role:
Admin or Manager can access this method.
Testing with User role:
Only users can access this method.
Testing with Guest role:
Access denied. User does not have the required role.
Testing public method with Guest role:
Everyone can access this method.
```
In this example, the `AuthorizeRolesAttribute` is used to specify the roles allowed to access each method in the `AccountController`.
The `RoleBasedAccessControl` class enforces these restrictions by checking the user's role against the roles defined in the attribute.
This demonstrates how custom attributes can be leveraged in a practical and useful way in a real-world scenario.
Hope you find this blog post useful. Happy coding!
_Read original blog post on my website_ [_https://antondevtips.com_](https://antondevtips.com/blog/creating-custom-attributes-in-csharp?utm_source=devto&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=15_06_24)_._
### After reading the post consider the following:
- [Subscribe](https://antondevtips.com/blog/creating-custom-attributes-in-csharp#subscribe) **to receive newsletters with the latest blog posts**
- [Download](https://github.com/AntonMartyniuk-DevTips/dev-tips-code/tree/main/backend/CSharp/CSharp_Attributes) **the source code for this post from my** [github](https://github.com/AntonMartyniuk-DevTips/dev-tips-code/tree/main/backend/CSharp/CSharp_Attributes) (available for my sponsors on BuyMeACoffee and Patreon)
If you like my content — **consider supporting me**
Unlock exclusive access to the source code from the blog posts by joining my **Patreon** and **Buy Me A Coffee** communities!
[](https://www.buymeacoffee.com/antonmartyniuk)
[](https://www.patreon.com/bePatron?u=73769486) | antonmartyniuk |
1,889,786 | My Experience Learning Elixir | Hello, my name is João Paulo Abreu I'm from Ceará, Brazil. I have been working as an IT... | 0 | 2024-06-15T19:25:57 | https://dev.to/abreujp/minha-experiencia-aprendendo-elixir-315a | elixir, learning, beginners | ## Hello, my name is João Paulo Abreu
I'm from Ceará, Brazil. I have been working as an IT Technician at IFCE - Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology of Ceará since 2010. My job primarily involved providing technical support to the Canindé Campus, the city where I was born, live, and work. Around 2023, a teleworking program began, allowing employees to perform their tasks remotely. Among the possible tasks was web development. So, I started developing a simple blog for the IT Coordination of the campus, which can be found at the following address: [CTI Canindé](https://cti.caninde.ifce.edu.br). The technologies used were Bootstrap 5 and Ruby on Rails. Later, for study purposes, I rewrote the blog using Python and Django and also created a lost and found system for the campus with Ruby on Rails, which can be found at the following address: [Achei Canindé](https://achei.caninde.ifce.edu.br).
After some research on technologies I wanted to learn in 2024, I discovered Elixir, a programming language created by a Brazilian named José Valim. From that moment on, I decided to adopt this language and its ecosystem as the technologies to be used for the next web development projects at the institution where I work. I'm still at the beginning of my learning journey, but I would like to highlight the advantages I have noticed in Elixir.
## Advantages of Elixir
- **Concurrency**: Elixir is built on the Erlang virtual machine, known for its ability to handle thousands of simultaneous processes efficiently.
- **Scalability**: Large companies like WhatsApp and Discord use Elixir to build highly scalable systems.
- **Community**: The Elixir community is known for being welcoming and active, which is always a great point when learning a new technology. I highlight here the Ceará Elixir community, Elug-CE, which has a group on Telegram: [Elug-CE](https://t.me/elug_ce).
## Language Features in Elixir That Caught My Attention
- **Immutability**: Immutability is one of Elixir's pillars and initially seemed like a big change from what I was used to in Ruby. However, I quickly realized how this contributes to the robustness and security of programs.
- **Pattern Matching**: Pattern matching was one of the features that most delighted me in Elixir. The ability to match patterns concisely and powerfully is extremely useful and makes the code more readable and expressive.
- **Pipe Operator**: The pipe operator (|>) is another amazing feature of Elixir. It allows chaining functions in a clean and intuitive way, improving code readability.
## Tools and Libraries
- **Phoenix Framework**: For web development, I used the Phoenix Framework, which is to Elixir what Rails is to Ruby. I was impressed with the performance and ease of use of Phoenix.
- **Other Tools**: Besides Phoenix, I explored various libraries and tools in the Elixir ecosystem, such as Ecto for ORM and ExUnit for testing. The Elixir community has a robust set of tools that facilitate the development of complex applications.
## Challenges Faced
Of course, the journey was not without challenges. Some of the obstacles I encountered include:
- **Paradigm Shift**: Transitioning from an object-oriented programming mindset to a functional one was an initial challenge.
- **Tools and Ecosystem**: Although the Elixir community is great, the ecosystem is still smaller compared to more established languages like Ruby.
## Conclusion
Learning Elixir has been an enriching experience. The language is powerful, expressive, and well-designed. The community is welcoming, and the available resources are more than sufficient to get started. If you are looking for a modern, efficient, and fun language to learn, I highly recommend Elixir.
I hope my experience can inspire others to explore Elixir. The learning journey continues, and I am excited to see where Elixir will take me.
I also created a GitHub repository with learning resources for those who are starting to learn Elixir: [masters-of-elixir](https://github.com/abreujp/masters-of-elixir).
## Follow My Journey
If you want to follow this journey with me, you can follow me at the following places:
- GitHub: [abreujp](https://github.com/abreujp)
- X (formerly Twitter): [abreujp9](https://x.com/abreujp9)
- Dev.to (articles): [abreujp](https://dev.to/abreujp)
This first article was just to introduce myself and share my experience learning Elixir. Please stay tuned for new articles with technical content about the technologies I am learning.
| abreujp |
1,889,765 | Enhance Your Development with Multi-Repo Support in Dotnet Aspire | .NET Aspire is renowned for its robust support for monolithic repositories, allowing developers to... | 0 | 2024-06-15T19:24:17 | https://dev.to/dutchskull/poly-repo-support-for-dotnet-aspire-14d5 | dotnet, csharp, devops, aspnet | .NET Aspire is renowned for its robust support for monolithic repositories, allowing developers to manage large codebases efficiently. However, managing multiple repositories, or poly repos, can be challenging. Enter [Aspire.PolyRepo](https://github.com/Dutchskull/Aspire.PolyRepo), a .NET Aspire package designed to bridge this gap and provide seamless multi-repo support.
## Introducing Aspire.PolyRepo
Aspire.PolyRepo simplifies the process of cloning and managing Git repositories within your .NET Aspire applications. This package allows you to configure and integrate Git repositories effortlessly, streamlining your cloud-native development workflow.
### Key Features
- **Direct Git Integration:** Clone repositories directly into your .NET Aspire application.
- **Flexible Configuration:** Customize repository URL, name, target path, default branch, and project path.
- **Seamless Integration:** Easy setup with .NET Aspire App Host.
## Installation
To install the Aspire.PolyRepo package, use the .NET CLI. Run the following command in your terminal:
```sh
dotnet add package Dutchskull.Aspire.PolyRepo
```
## Usage
Here's a step-by-step guide to using Aspire.PolyRepo in your .NET Aspire application:
### Step 1: Add a Repository Resource
First, add the necessary configuration to your App Host project. Below is an example of how to configure a Git repository:
```csharp
var builder = DistributedApplication.CreateBuilder(args);
var repository = builder.AddRepository(
"repository",
"https://github.com/Dutchskull/Aspire-Git.git",
c => c.WithDefaultBranch("feature/rename_and_new_api")
.WithTargetPath("../../repos"));
```
### Step 2: Add Projects from the Repository
You can add various types of projects from the repository. Here’s how you can add a .NET project:
```csharp
var dotnetProject = builder
.AddProjectFromRepository("dotnetProject", repository,
"src/Dutchskull.Aspire.PolyRepo.Web/Dutchskull.Aspire.PolyRepo.Web.csproj")
.WithReference(cache)
.WithReference(apiService);
```
Aspire.PolyRepo also supports adding npm and node applications. These methods share the initial parameters with `AddProjectFromRepository`, but their additional parameters are specific to npm and node configurations:
```csharp
var reactProject = builder
.AddNpmAppFromRepository("reactProject", repository, "src/Dutchskull.Aspire.PolyRepo.React")
.WithReference(cache)
.WithReference(apiService)
.WithHttpEndpoint(3000);
var nodeProject = builder
.AddNodeAppFromRepository("nodeProject", repository, "src/Dutchskull.Aspire.PolyRepo.Node")
.WithReference(cache)
.WithReference(apiService)
.WithHttpEndpoint(54622);
```
### Step 3: Navigate to Your App Host Project Directory
Open your terminal and navigate to the directory of your App Host project.
### Step 4: Run the Application
Use the .NET CLI or Visual Studio 2022 to run your application:
```sh
dotnet run
```
This configuration clones the specified Git repository into your application, enabling seamless integration and development across multiple projects.
## Recap
Aspire.PolyRepo is the solution for developers looking to manage multiple repositories within their .NET Aspire applications effortlessly. By following the simple steps outlined above, you can configure and run your applications, leveraging the power of poly repo support. With its straightforward setup and robust feature set, Aspire.PolyRepo ensures that managing multiple repositories becomes a hassle-free part of your development workflow.
[Check out the Aspire.PolyRepo source here](https://github.com/Dutchskull/Aspire.PolyRepo) | dutchskull |
1,889,779 | Tecnologia: a desunião entre a academia e o mercado de trabalho privado | O desafio da desconexão entre a academia e o mercado de trabalho na área de tecnologia. | 0 | 2024-06-15T19:19:15 | https://dev.to/lexipedia/tecnologia-a-desuniao-entre-a-academia-e-o-mercado-de-trabalho-privado-33f7 | tecnologia, ensinosuperior, graduacao, educacao |
---
title: Tecnologia: a desunião entre a academia e o mercado de trabalho privado
published: true
description: O desafio da desconexão entre a academia e o mercado de trabalho na área de tecnologia.
tags: #tecnologia #ensinosuperior #graduacao #educacao
# cover_image: https://direct_url_to_image.jpg
# Use a ratio of 100:42 for best results.
# published_at: 2024-06-15 19:15 +0000
---
## Introdução
Um dia desses, estava passeando pelo Twitter (ainda me recuso chamar de X) e me deparei com o *print* de uma publicação do LinkedIn. Notei que esse tópico causou um pequeno tumulto na nossa querida bolha dev. Então, pensei: por que não compartilhar a minha opinião sobre isso? Então, sem mais delongas, vamos nessa!
## A Desconexão Entre Academia e Mercado de Trabalho
O debate sobre academia vs. mercado de trabalho não é novidade, e vez ou outra volta à tona, trazendo com ele perguntas polêmicas como "Será que vale a pena fazer faculdade na área de tecnologia?", "Faculdade particular ou pública?", "Devo optar por estágio ou iniciação científica?".
### Falta de Orientação
Vamos falar um pouco sobre a minha opinião no post do desabafo, eu realmente acho que talvez esse rapaz não tenha recebido orientação sobre a falta de conexão entre o mercado de trabalho privado e a academia. Pelo que ele descreveu, parece que ele preparou todo o seu repertório para seguir uma carreira acadêmica. Claro, também é possível que ele soubesse dessa desconexão e decidiu seguir em frente, enfrentando as dificuldades consequentes. A questão é que o mercado de trabalho privado é basicamente focado em **lucro**, dinheiro, e sempre que possível, a curto prazo, e a verdade é que o repertório que ele preparou pode não oferecer isso com facilidade.
### Expectativas de Cargo e Experiência
Além disso, considerando que ele já investiu em um repertório durante a graduação, conforme o que ele escreveu, ele pode não estar tão disposto a aceitar posições de menor senioridade, como júnior ou *trainee*. Talvez ele esteja buscando por vagas de nível pleno ou sênior. No entanto, qualquer pessoa com experiência de trabalho em uma empresa sabe que isso seria totalmente inviável, já que ele não possui a experiência necessária que um profissional de tais senioridades requer. É importante que tenham conhecimento teórico, mas antes disso, eles precisam saber como executar o trabalho. Para ilustrar, se compararmos ele a um estagiário que esteja na empresa há 8 ou 10 meses, é provável que o estagiário consiga entregar demandas mais rapidamente e, consequentemente, gerar mais lucro.
### O Desafio da Mão de Obra “Mega Qualificada”
Também importante ressaltar que, além do lucro a curto prazo, o mercado de trabalho procura mão de obra barata. Isso pode ser um desafio para os profissionais que buscam desenvolvimento acadêmico (fazer mestrado e/ou doutorado), pois você pode se tornar uma mão de obra muito qualificada para o mercado, o que de alguma forma diminui a chance das empresas te contratarem. Sim, isso acontece. Além disso, também tem o fato de que se você exercer dedicação exclusiva ao mestrado, você acaba se afastando por aproximadamente 2 anos do mercado e, dessa forma, quando você voltar a fazer entrevistas com empresas, elas vão te julgar como desatualizado com as tendências do mercado o que também prejudica as chances de contratação.
Eu não estou aqui para dizer se ele agiu corretamente ou não, pois é inegável que ele teve uma carreira acadêmica promissora. Mas, se o objetivo dele era atuar de forma prática no mercado, pode ser que ele não tenha tomado as melhores decisões para facilitar o alcance deste objetivo.
## Pressão Social e Escolha de Carreira
### A Importância da Reflexão
Outro ponto que gostaria de abordar é a pressão que sentimos, enquanto sociedade, para cursar uma graduação, sem considerar o que faremos com o resultado dela. A faculdade é efêmera em relação à carreira que escolhemos. Quantos jovens não iniciam um curso superior por pura e expontânea pressão e percebem que não se identificam com ele ou com as profissões relacionadas, apenas depois da metade do curso ou até mesmo após a conclusão?
Portanto, meu primeiro conselho para quem está considerando as várias opções é refletir sobre algumas questões: Quero fazer este curso de graduação? Quais profissões posso exercer após concluir este curso? Pretendo seguir uma carreira acadêmica ou entrar no mercado de trabalho? Como está o mercado para as profissões que posso seguir? A expectativa salarial me agrada? Entre outras. É claro que não precisamos tomar uma decisão definitiva, está tudo bem se mudar de ideia ou se arrepender, mas ainda assim é importante pensar no futuro ao tomar uma decisão tão importante como escolher o curso de graduação.
### Faculdade Pública vs. Particular
Meu outro conselho é refletir sobre a melhor decisão para o seu futuro ao escolher entre uma faculdade pública ou particular. De praxe, a faculdade pública reforça bastante as teorias e foca no aprendizado dos conceitos, o que pode ajudar bastante na carreira de qualquer profissional, mas especialmente aqueles que querem seguir uma carreira acadêmica ou ir para a docência. Por outro lado, ela pode trazer algumas dificuldades para aqueles que querem atuar rapidamente no mercado. Já a faculdade particular normalmente busca atuar com tecnologias mais modernas e aprendizados mais práticos, o que facilita bastante a entrada no mercado de trabalho, mas pode exigir que conceitos teóricos precisem ser estudados por fora no futuro.
### Busque Equilíbrio Entre Teoria e Prática
Minha última sugestão é encontrar um equilíbrio entre teoria e prática sempre que puder. É muito importante entender os conceitos teóricos que fundamentam muitas tecnologias, mas também é fundamental saber como usar essas tecnologias na prática. Se puder, pense em participar de um projeto de pesquisa e fazer um estágio para adquirir ambos os tipos de conhecimento. Participe de hackathons, webinars, eventos, faça cursos online, contribua para projetos de código aberto, converse sobre teorias com seus colegas e tente aplicar o máximo possível o que você aprende. Por último, mas não menos importante, cuide de si mesmo. Manter um equilíbrio saudável entre trabalho, estudo e vida pessoal é fundamental para o seu bem-estar e sucesso a longo prazo. Lembre-se de que é perfeitamente normal e necessário tirar um tempo para relaxar e recarregar. Cada pessoa tem seu próprio ritmo, disponibilidade e trajetória.
## Conclusão
Por fim, a desconexão entre a academia e o mercado de trabalho na área de tecnologia é uma realidade que precisa ser considerada. É muito importante encontrar um equilíbrio entre a preparação acadêmica e a experiência prática para garantir uma transição suave para o mercado de trabalho. Lembre-se: não há uma única maneira de alcançar o sucesso. Cada trajetória é única e cheia de possibilidades.
A jornada na área de tecnologia pode ser longa e desafiadora, mas também é incrivelmente gratificante. Mantenha-se focado, seja resiliente e, acima de tudo, aproveite o processo de aprendizado. Boa sorte à todos que estão nela! | lexipedia |
1,889,778 | How to Move Zeros to the End of an Array | Moving zeros to the end of an array while maintaining the order of non-zero elements is a common... | 27,580 | 2024-06-15T19:13:55 | https://blog.masum.dev/how-to-move-zeros-to-the-end-of-an-array | algorithms, computerscience, cpp, tutorial | Moving zeros to the end of an array while maintaining the order of non-zero elements is a common problem in programming. In this article, we'll discuss two approaches to achieve this: one using a **temporary array** and another using a **two-pointers technique**.
### Solution 1: Brute Force Approach (using a Temp Array)
This method involves creating an auxiliary array to store the non-zero elements and then filling the original array with these elements followed by zeros.
**Implementation**:
```cpp
// Solution-1: Brute Force Approach (Using a Temp Array)
// Time Complexity: O(n) + O(x) + O(n-x) ~ O(2n)
// n = total number of elements
// x = number of non-zero elements
// n-x = total number of zeros
// Space Complexity: O(n)
// In the worst case, all elements can be non-zero.
void moveAllZerosToEnd(vector<int> &arr, int n)
{
vector<int> temp;
// Push non-zero elements to the temp vector.
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
if (arr[i] != 0)
{
temp.push_back(arr[i]);
}
}
// Number of non-zero elements
int nz = temp.size();
// Copy all non-zeros to main vector
for (int i = 0; i < nz; i++)
{
arr[i] = temp[i];
}
// Fill the remaining elements of the main vector with zeros
for (int i = nz; i < n; i++)
{
arr[i] = 0;
}
}
```
**Logic**:
1. **Push Non-Zeros to Temp**: Traverse the array and push all non-zero elements to a temporary array.
2. **Copy Non-Zeros Back**: Copy the elements from the temporary array back to the original array.
3. **Fill Zeros**: Fill the remaining elements of the original array with zeros.
**Time Complexity**: O(n)
* **Explanation**: The array is traversed twice.
**Space Complexity**: O(n)
* **Explanation**: An additional array is used to store non-zero elements. In the worst case, all elements can be non-zero.
**Example**:
* **Input**: `arr = [0, 1, 0, 3, 12]`, `n = 5`
* **Output**: `arr = [1, 3, 12, 0, 0]`
* **Explanation**: Non-zero elements are moved to the front and zeros to the end.
---
### Solution 2: Optimal Approach (Two-Pointers Technique)
This method uses two pointers to efficiently rearrange the array in-place without using extra space.
**Implementation**:
```cpp
// Solution-2: Optimal Approach (Using Two Pointers)
// Time Complexity: O(n)
// Space Complexity: O(1)
void moveAllZerosToEnd(vector<int> &arr, int n)
{
int j = -1;
// Find the first zero (if any)
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
if (arr[i] == 0)
{
j = i;
break;
}
}
// If no-zeros, return
if (j == -1)
{
return;
}
// If non-zero found, swap it with the element at index 'j'.
for (int i = j + 1; i < n; i++)
{
if (arr[i] != 0)
{
swap(arr[j], arr[i]);
j++;
}
}
}
```
**Logic**:
1. **Find First Zero**: Find the index of the first zero.
2. **Swap Non-Zero Elements**: Traverse the array and swap each non-zero element with the element at the found zero index `j`.
3. **Increment Zero Index**: After each swap, increment the zero index `j`.
**Time Complexity**: O(n)
* **Explanation**: The array is traversed once.
**Space Complexity**: O(1)
* **Explanation**: The algorithm operates in place, using only a constant amount of extra space.
**Example**:
* **Input**: `arr = [0, 1, 0, 3, 12]`, `n = 5`
* **Output**: `arr = [1, 3, 12, 0, 0]`
* **Explanation**: Non-zero elements are moved to the front and zeros to the end.
---
### Comparison
* **Temp Array Method**:
* **Pros**: Simple and easy to understand.
* **Cons**: Uses additional space, which may not be efficient for large arrays.
* **Two Pointers Method**:
* **Pros**: Efficient with O(n) time complexity and O(1) space complexity.
* **Cons**: Slightly more complex to implement but highly efficient for large arrays.
### Edge Cases
* **Empty Array**: Returns immediately as there are no elements to move.
* **All Zeros**: The array remains unchanged.
* **No Zeros**: The array remains unchanged.
### Additional Notes
* **Efficiency**: The two-pointers method is more space-efficient, making it preferable for large arrays.
* **Practicality**: Both methods handle the problem efficiently but the choice depends on space constraints.
### Conclusion
Moving zeros to the end of an array can be efficiently achieved using either a temporary array or an in-place two-pointers technique. The optimal choice depends on the specific constraints and requirements of the problem.
--- | masum-dev |
1,889,777 | Wanted: Dmitry Gunyashov, alleged Freewallet scam owner | Freewallet scammers often mislead by attributing their operations to Alvin Hagg. However, our... | 0 | 2024-06-15T19:12:47 | https://dev.to/feofhan/wanted-dmitry-gunyashov-alleged-freewallet-scam-owner-1mb3 | Freewallet scammers often mislead by attributing their operations to Alvin Hagg. However, our investigation points to Dmitry Gunyashov (also known as Dmitrii Guniashov) as a key figure behind this project. We aim to spotlight this individual to assist law enforcement and support ongoing investigations.
**Who is Dmitry Gunyashov?**
Information on Dmitry Gunyashov is sparse. Despite extensive research, several questions remain:
• Where is Dmitry currently living?
• Is he the mastermind behind Freewallet and Cryptopay’s extensive fraudulent activities?
• What roles do his brother, Alexey Gunyashov, and friend, Anton Makhno, play in these operations?
**Known facts about Gunyashov**
• Birth: Dmitry was born on November 28, 1988, in Leningrad (now St. Petersburg).
• Family: He has a brother named Alexey Andreevich Gunyashov.
• Residences: Dmitry has lived at various addresses, including in St. Petersburg and, more recently, Lisbon, Portugal.
• Business Activities: In 2013, he registered CRYPTOPAY EUROPE LIMITED in the UK, which is now defunct.
**Current whereabouts**
Dmitry Gunyashov's exact location is unclear. He may be in Russia, Portugal, or the UK. His social media activity suggests he could be in Lisbon, but there are also ties to the UK and Hong Kong.
**Name variations**
Gunyashov’s name appears in different forms due to transliteration variations, making tracking his activities more complex.
**Involvement in Cryptopay and Freewallet**
While Dmitry openly acknowledges his role in Cryptopay, his connection to Freewallet is less transparent. Several sources confirm his involvement.
**Contact information**
Despite frequent travels, Dmitry and his wife primarily use Russian phone numbers. Dmitry’s personal number is +79219965549, and another associated number is +7952390500.
**Importance of this information**
Many victims worldwide have suffered due to Freewallet’s fraudulent activities. Reporting by victims is crucial for Dmitry’s potential detention across his known countries of residence. We urge anyone with information to contact us at freewallet-report@tutanota.com. Anonymity is guaranteed.
For more detailed information about Dmitry Gunyashov, visit our website.
| feofhan | |
1,889,764 | Using lerp and damp in javascript | Almost every project I do as a creative developer utilizes linear interpolation - also called "lerp".... | 0 | 2024-06-15T18:55:00 | https://dev.to/iliketoplay/using-lerp-and-damp-in-javascript-3f7p | lerp, damp, gsap, javascript | Almost every project I do as a [creative developer](https://iliketoplay.dk/) utilizes linear interpolation - also called "lerp". It's a simple way of easing from position A to B. Without diving into the math, there's another approach called damp (or smoothdamp), this is almost similar but has a smoother curve (more like a Quad and less like an Expo).
The classic way of using lerp is like this:
```
//speed between 0-1
_tweenedValue += (_actualValue - _tweenedValue) * _speed;
```
This works very well. You can even tween the speed if you want the movement to start slowly:
```
_this._speed = 0;
gsap.to(_this, 1, {_speed:.2, ease:"linear"});
_tweenedValue += (_actualValue - _tweenedValue) * _this._speed;
```
I'm using the above in custom cursors, carousels, elements that move based on mouse position and even for a smooth pagescroller (similar to [Lenis](https://github.com/darkroomengineering/lenis)).
Below is an example of both lerp and damp (blue and red), but also a fun little bouncy/elastic approach (green):
{% embed https://codepen.io/iltp/pen/dyEJNvp %} | iliketoplay |
1,889,763 | Shades of Open Source - Understanding The Many Meanings of "Open" | Open source has evolved from a few pioneering transparent projects into the backbone of modern... | 0 | 2024-06-15T18:40:25 | https://dev.to/alexmercedcoder/shades-of-open-source-understanding-the-many-meanings-of-open-35je | opensource, apache |
Open source has evolved from a few pioneering transparent projects into the backbone of modern development across the industry. As a result, many projects now use the term "open source" to convey a positive impression. However, with a wide range of development practices and open source licenses, the meaning of "open source" can vary significantly. In this article, I aim to explore the true value of openness and identify what is and isn't genuinely open. Additionally, I will discuss the different levels of openness that projects may adopt, helping you navigate the diverse landscape of open source projects more effectively.
## The Value of Open Source
The value of open source manifests in various ways. One significant advantage is transparency, which allows you to understand the code you are running, especially when processing sensitive data and information. Open source code also enables you to make repairs or enhancements to the software you use in your business or project.
However, for projects aspiring to become foundational standards for others to build upon, users seek more than just transparency—they seek certainty. This includes assurance that the project will not undergo sudden changes that could disrupt everything built on top of it and that it will continue to be actively developed and maintained for the foreseeable future. In this context, the approach to open source becomes crucial.
## In Apache We Trust
It's this kind of certainty that underscores the vital role of the [Apache Software Foundation (ASF)](https://apache.org/). Many first encounter Apache through its pioneering project, the open-source web server framework that remains ubiquitous in web operations today. The ASF was initially created to hold the intellectual property and assets of the Apache project, and it has since evolved into a cornerstone for open-source projects worldwide. The ASF enforces strict standards for diverse contributions, independence, and activity in its projects, ensuring they can withstand the test of time as standards in software development. Many open-source projects strive to become Apache projects to gain the community credibility necessary for adoption as standard software building blocks, such as [Apache Tomcat](https://tomcat.apache.org/index.html) for Java web applications, [Apache Arrow](https://arrow.apache.org) for in-memory data representation, and [Apache Parquet](https://parquet.apache.org) for data file formatting, among others.
Other organizations, like the [Linux Foundation](https://www.linuxfoundation.org/), also host and guide open-source projects, independently managing assets and providing oversight. However, they often do not adhere to the same rigorous independence standards as the ASF. This is a significant reason why the Apache brand has become the gold standard for the independence of open-source projects. In essence, one could say, "In Apache we trust."
## Why Does Independence Matter?
In reality, independence isn't always crucial. Many open-source standards in web development, like [React](https://react.dev/), are not Apache projects and are heavily directed by their creators, such as Meta. However, a web framework like React isn't responsible for the interoperability of web applications. Instead, long-standing standards like REST and HTTP serve as the glue that connects web applications across various backend languages, frontend frameworks, and more.
In the realm of data, standards are still emerging. Some notable standards are Apache Arrow and Apache Arrow Flight for data representation in memory and data transfer, and Apache Parquet for how datasets are persisted on the file system for analytics. As datasets grow larger, there is a need for standards on how datasets spanning multiple files are represented (table formats) and how these datasets are tracked, governed, and discovered by different tools (metadata catalogs).
In the world of table formats, there are three competing standards: [Apache Iceberg](https://iceberg.apache.org/), [Apache Hudi](https://hudi.apache.org/), and [Delta Lake](https://www.delta.io/), with two out of the three being Apache projects (and there is also [Apache XTable](https://xtable.apache.org) for interoperability between these and future formats). For catalogs, options include [Nessie](https://www.projectnessie.org), [Gravitino](https://datastrato.ai/blog/gravitino-iceberg-rest-catalog-service/), [Polaris](https://github.com/snowflakedb/polaris-catalog), and [Unity Catalog](https://www.unitycatalog.io/), all of which are open source but not yet Apache projects.
When a particular standard significantly impacts how businesses must build their enterprises to interoperate with the broader ecosystem, there is greater pressure for independence. This is because the lack of assured independence can pose potential risks to ecosystem partners.
## The Pros and Cons of Vendor Dependence
Many popular open source projects are beloved and closely tied to particular vendors. For example, web frameworks like React and [Angular](https://www.angular.io) are associated with Meta and Google, respectively. Database software like [MongoDB](https://www.mongodb.com), [Elasticsearch](https://www.elastic.co/), and [Redis](https://redis.io/) are also tied to specific commercial entities but are widely used and praised for their functionality. When there is a clear driver of a project, it can offer some benefits:
- **Agility in development:** With more top-down direction, new features can be delivered quicker.
- **Financial support:** Projects that are central to a commercial entity's business often receive substantial financial backing for their development.
However, there are clear risks when the underlying project is intended to be a standard that many commercial enterprises need to build and stake their business on:
- **Rapid changes:** A project steered by one entity can make large changes quickly, but these changes can be disruptive, creating intense migration challenges for users and businesses dependent on it. For example, the release of [Angular 2 was a complete rewrite of the framework](https://medium.com/@jeffwhelpley/screw-you-angular-62b3889fd678), forcing businesses using Angular to essentially rewrite their applications.
- **Narrow feedback:** A project driven by one entity may receive a lot of feedback from its customers but may factor in less input from the broader ecosystem. This can lead to new features that favor the main driver, which can be problematic if the project is supposed to be the foundation for an entire ecosystem of tool interoperability.
- **Unpredictable shifts:** [Sudden licensing changes](https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2024/04/redis-license-change-and-forking-are-a-mess-that-everybody-can-feel-bad-about/), [corporate acquisitions](https://www.warpstream.com/blog/announcing-bento-the-open-source-fork-of-the-project-formerly-known-as-benthos), leadership changes, or other shifts can [abruptly alter or even close the project](https://wraltechwire.com/2023/07/24/red-hats-latest-move-ignites-open-source-firestorm-some-say-its-now-closed-source/), leaving many scrambling to rebuild on an alternative.
Independence isn't the end-all, be-all for open source projects, but the more a project represents a standard format whose value lies in its ecosystem, the more independence should matter.
## Blurred Lines Made Less Blurry
Beyond unexpected changes, licensing shifts, and an uneven playing field for the ecosystem, there are other practices to be cautious of under the guise of being open. One strategy used to avoid some traditional licensing conflicts is to offer two versions of a project: an open-source version and a proprietary version controlled by a commercial entity. The proprietary version often receives new or exclusive features first.
This practice, in itself, isn't inherently bad. Many businesses maintain commercial proprietary forks of open-source projects, but usually, the commercial version has a different name than the open-source project. For example, in the world of data catalogs, [Dremio](https://www.dremio.com) is the main developer of Nessie, and [Snowflake](https://www.snowflake.com) drives Polaris. Both aim to become community-driven projects over time but will also drive integrated features in their respective commercial products under different names. For instance, if you set up your own Nessie catalog, it has a distinct name compared to the Dremio Enterprise Catalog (formerly Arctic) integrated into Dremio Cloud. The Dremio Enterprise Catalog is powered by Nessie but has additional features, so the different names prevent confusion about available features or which documentation to reference.
In contrast, [Databricks](https://www.databricks.com) maintains internal forks of [Spark](https://spark.apache.org), Delta Lake, and Unity Catalog, using the same names for both the open-source versions and the features specific to the Databricks platform. While they do provide separate documentation, online discussions often reflect confusion about how to use features in the open-source versions that only exist on the Databricks platform. This creates a "muddying of the waters" between what is open and what is proprietary. This isn't an issue if you are a Databricks user, but it can be quite confusing for those who want to use these tools outside of the Databricks ecosystem.
## Closed Does Not Mean Bad
To clarify, the fact that a project does not adhere to the highest standards of openness or is even proprietary does not diminish the quality of the project's code, the skills of its developers, or the value it can provide to its users. However, openness can serve as a signal of certainty, fostering ecosystems for standards that benefit from a growing network effect. Independent actors within these ecosystems feel more comfortable building upon such projects, which is particularly important for standards that affect how systems communicate with each other. | alexmercedcoder |
1,889,762 | Nega aynan Vue.js ? | ﷽ Assalamu alaykum ! Bugun nega aynan Vue.jsni tanlash kerak shu haiqda qisiqacha gaplashib... | 0 | 2024-06-15T18:39:43 | https://dev.to/mukhriddinweb/nega-aynan-vuejs--3cf5 | vue, webdev, ts, programming | ﷽
Assalamu alaykum ! Bugun nega aynan Vue.jsni tanlash kerak shu haiqda qisiqacha gaplashib olamiz!
**Vue.js** ni tanlashning bir qancha sabablari bor. Quyida **Vue.js** ning afzalliklari keltirilgan:
1. **Oson o'rganish mumkin**:
- Vue.js ning o'rganish unchalik qiyin emas. Uning oddiy va intuitiv sintaksisi bor, bu esa yangi boshlovchilar uchun juda qulay. HTML, CSS va JavaScript asoslarini bilgan har bir frontend dasturchi Vue.js ni tezda o'rganib olishlari mumkin.
2. **Yuqori darajada ishlash imkoniyati**:
- Vue.js yengil va yuqori tezlikda ishlashga mo'ljallangan. Uning reaktiv ma'lumot modeli va virtual DOM orqali samaradorlikni oshiradi, bu esa ilovalarni tez va samarali qilishga yordam beradi.
3. **Modulyar va kengaytiriladigan**:
- Vue.js ni komponentlar asosida tuzish mumkin. Bu komponentlar mustaqil modullarga bo'linadi, bu esa kodni qayta foydalanish imkonini beradi. Shuningdek, Vue.js ni ko'plab plaginlar va kutubxonalar orqali kengaytirish mumkin.
4. **Jamoa qo'llab-quvvatlovi**:
- Vue.js keng jamoa va katta "communityga" ega. Ko'p sonli foydalanuvchilar va ishlab chiquvchilar jamiyati tomonidan qo'llab-quvvatlanadi, shuning uchun muammolarni tezda hal qilish va yangi imkoniyatlar qo'shish oson. O'zbek tilida ham telegram tarmog'ida ham https://vuejs.uz mahallamiz bor :)
5. **Ikki tomonlama ma'lumot bog'lanishi**:
- Vue.js ikki tomonlama ma'lumot bog'lanishini ta'minlaydi, bu esa model va ko'rinish orasidagi sinxronizatsiyani osonlashtiradi. Bu funksionallik oddiy va murakkab ilovalar uchun ham qulaylik yaratadi.
6. **Vue CLI**:
- Vue CLI (Command Line Interface) yordamida yangi loyihalarni tez va oson yaratish, sozlash va boshqarish mumkin. Bu vosita orqali shablonlar, plaginlar va boshqa zaruriy vositalarni qo'shish juda oson. Ayniqsa PHP , Yii2 , Laravel loyihalarda CLI juda qo'l keladi.
7. **Ekotizim va integratsiya**:
- Vue.js ko'plab ekotizim komponentlariga ega, jumladan Vue Router va Vuex , Pinia , bu esa sahifalarni boshqaruvini va ma'lumotlarni samarali boshqarishga yordam beradi. Shuningdek, Vue.js ni boshqa kutubxonalar va 3-tomon "framework"lari bilan osongina integratsiya qilish mumkin.
8. **Moslashuvchanlik**:
- Vue.js juda moslashuvchan bo'lib, uni kichik loyihalardan tortib katta korporativ ilovalarga qadar qo'llash mumkin. Bu vosita orqali yagona sahifali ilovalar (SPA) yaratish mumkin.
Bu sabablarga ko'ra, Vue.js ko'plab dasturchilar va loyihalar uchun qulay va samarali yechim hisoblanadi.
> Inshaa Alloh keyingi maqolalarda batafsila Vue.js ni o'rganamiz!
> BaarakAllohu fiikum!
https://t.me/mukhriddinweb
https://khodieff.uz
| mukhriddinweb |
1,889,761 | One Byte Explainer - Closures | Hello 👋 Let's start with Closures One-Byte Explainer: Imagine a magic box! Put your... | 27,721 | 2024-06-15T18:39:43 | https://dev.to/imkarthikeyan/one-byte-explainer-closures-o84 | cschallenge, webdev, javascript, devchallenge | Hello 👋
Let's start with **Closures**
## One-Byte Explainer:
Imagine a magic box! Put your favourite toy inside, close it, & give it to a friend. Even though you can't see it, your friend can open it and play!
## Demystifying JS: Closures in action
Closures are like backpack the inner-functions carry when they exit the outerfunctions , even after the outer function's execution is destroyed.
1. **Function Inside a Function:** You have a function inside another function.
2. **Access to Outer Variables:** The inner function can access variables from the outer function.
3. **Retain Variables:** Even after the outer function finishes, the inner function keeps the outer variables.
Example :
```javascript
function outer() {
let outerscope = "I am outer scope";
function inner() {
let innerScope = "I am in inner scope";
console.log(`${outerscope} and ${innerScope}`);
}
return inner;
}
const calling = outer();
calling(); // Output: "I am outer scope and I am in inner scope"
```
Thank you for reading , See you in the next blog
| imkarthikeyan |
1,889,759 | Step-by-Step Guide to Publish Internal SaaS Applications via Citrix Secure Private Access | In this blog we are going to discuss about how to leverage Citrix Secure private access service to... | 0 | 2024-06-15T18:39:00 | https://dev.to/amalkabraham001/step-by-step-guide-to-publish-internal-saas-applications-via-citrix-secure-private-access-17k9 | ztna, citrix, zerotrust, webapps | In this blog we are going to discuss about how to leverage Citrix Secure private access service to enable ZTNA features for SaaS/Web Applications without the need for VPN or Citrix XenApp Servers.
## Publishing Internal SaaS application via Secure Private Access.
Navigate to Citrix Cloud, under my services select “secure private access”.
In the Secure private access console, click on the Applications tab.
Click on “Add an App” to initiate the application addition process.
You can either choose the pre-configured templates like deploying OWA, Service now etc. Else you can click on “Skip” to skip the templates.
In the “App details" section select the “where is the application located?” as “Inside my corporate network”.
Provide the App name, description, category, the webapp URL and also the domain name which will be used for DNS resolution. For example, if I am publishing http://mymail.amalcloud.xyz, then make sure amalcloud.xyz is configured in the related domains for DNS resolution.
You can also change the app icon, option to set the app as a favorite in the workspace app.
You can configure the authentication type in the “single sign on” section. You can use SAML, Kerberos and other authentication modes for the application to authenticate. For this blog, I am skipping the authentication and select “Don’t use SSO”.
In the “app connectivity” section, you can specify how the connectivity to the app will happen. As we are publishing internal websites, you need to select the connection type as “Internal via Connector” and provide the resource location. It is mandatory to deploy Citrix Connector appliance for making the internal websites work as the web traffic will traverse via the connector appliance to the app server.
Click Finish to complete the app publishing.
## Creating the Access policies
Just by creating the app publishing, the application will not be accessed or assigned to any users. For publishing an application to the end users/groups, we need to create access policies in the Secure private access portal.
To create the access policies, click on “access policies” in the left pane and click on “Create policy”.
In the Create policy wizard, provide the policy name, description, and select the applications to be part of the rules and Click Save.
Under the policy rules, click on “create rule” to create the access policy rule. This is the place where we are publishing the application to specific end users/groups.
In the Create new rule wizard, provide the rule name and description and click Next.
In the conditions tab, select the user* as “matches any of” and select the domain. You need to search for the user/group and click Next.
Note: - For enabling additional access rules like disabling clipboard, watermark etc. need additional “SPA Advanced” license.
In the “Action” conditions tab, select “allow access” and click next. Review the settings and click finish to create the rule.
Once the rule is selected, click on save and enable the tick box “enable policy on save” to enable the policy.
You cannot access web applications via HTML5 as secure private access leverages enterprise browser to securely publish the web application. You will get the below error once you access the web application via HTML5.
Configure the workspace app using the configuration file which can be downloaded from “Workspace configuration”.
You will be able to see the web application in the workspaces client. The web application will open in the enterprise browser part of the workspaces application.
The application has opened in the enterprise browser.
Hope this blog is informative to you. Please feel free to share your feedback.
| amalkabraham001 |
1,889,758 | Ensuring the Quality of Your App with Testing in React Native | Hey devs! Developing a robust, functional, and bug-free mobile application is a significant... | 0 | 2024-06-15T18:38:02 | https://dev.to/paulocappa/ensuring-the-quality-of-your-app-with-testing-in-react-native-o6g | reactnative, testing, jest, e2e | Hey devs!
Developing a robust, functional, and bug-free mobile application is a significant challenge. As a specialist in mobile development using React Native, one of my priorities is to ensure that every line of code works as expected. To achieve this, I apply various types of tests that cover everything from small functions to the complete integration of the application. In this post, we'll explore in detail the different types of tests I use and how they contribute to the quality of the app.
#### 1. Unit Tests
Unit tests are the foundation of the testing pyramid. They focus on testing small, isolated parts of the code, such as functions or methods. In React Native, I use Jest, which is a highly efficient JavaScript testing framework.
**Setting up Jest in React Native:**
First, we need to set up Jest in our project. Let's install Jest and some necessary dependencies:
```bash
npm install --save-dev jest @testing-library/react-native @testing-library/jest-native
```
In the `package.json` file, add the Jest configuration:
```json
"jest": {
"preset": "react-native",
"setupFilesAfterEnv": ["@testing-library/jest-native/extend-expect"]
}
```
**Unit Test Example:**
Let's create a simple function and write a test for it. Create a `math.js` file with the following function:
```javascript
// math.js
export function sum(a, b) {
return a + b;
}
```
Now, create a test file `math.test.js`:
```javascript
// math.test.js
import { sum } from './math';
test('sum of 1 and 2 equals 3', () => {
expect(sum(1, 2)).toBe(3);
});
test('sum of negative numbers', () => {
expect(sum(-1, -2)).toBe(-3);
});
```
These tests check if the `sum` function returns the expected results. Unit tests help quickly detect errors during development and ensure that each part of the code works correctly in isolation.
#### 2. Component Tests
Component tests ensure that React Native components function as expected. I use `@testing-library/react-native` to test the rendering and behavior of components.
**Component Test Example:**
Let's create a simple component `MyComponent.js`:
```javascript
// MyComponent.js
import React from 'react';
import { Text, View } from 'react-native';
const MyComponent = () => (
<View>
<Text>Component Text</Text>
</View>
);
export default MyComponent;
```
Now, create a test file `MyComponent.test.js`:
```javascript
// MyComponent.test.js
import React from 'react';
import { render } from '@testing-library/react-native';
import MyComponent from './MyComponent';
test('renders correctly', () => {
const { getByText } = render(<MyComponent />);
expect(getByText('Component Text')).toBeTruthy();
});
```
In this test, we verify that the `MyComponent` component renders the text correctly. Component tests are essential to check the user interface and ensure that components react correctly to props and state.
#### 3. Integration Tests
Integration tests verify that different parts of the application work well together. In React Native, I use `@testing-library/react-native` to perform these tests.
**Integration Test Example:**
Let's create two components `MainScreen.js` and `DetailsScreen.js` with navigation between them using React Navigation.
```javascript
// MainScreen.js
import React from 'react';
import { Button, View, Text } from 'react-native';
const MainScreen = ({ navigation }) => (
<View>
<Text>Main Page</Text>
<Button title="Go to details" onPress={() => navigation.navigate('Details')} />
</View>
);
export default MainScreen;
// DetailsScreen.js
import React from 'react';
import { View, Text } from 'react-native';
const DetailsScreen = () => (
<View>
<Text>Details Screen</Text>
</View>
);
export default DetailsScreen;
```
To test the navigation, we need to set up a testing environment that supports React Navigation.
**Integration Test Setup:**
Install the necessary dependencies:
```bash
npm install @react-navigation/native @react-navigation/stack react-native-screens react-native-safe-area-context
```
Set up an `App.js` that uses React Navigation:
```javascript
// App.js
import 'react-native-gesture-handler';
import React from 'react';
import { NavigationContainer } from '@react-navigation/native';
import { createStackNavigator } from '@react-navigation/stack';
import MainScreen from './MainScreen';
import DetailsScreen from './DetailsScreen';
const Stack = createStackNavigator();
const App = () => (
<NavigationContainer>
<Stack.Navigator initialRouteName="Main">
<Stack.Screen name="Main" component={MainScreen} />
<Stack.Screen name="Details" component={DetailsScreen} />
</Stack.Navigator>
</NavigationContainer>
);
export default App;
```
Now, create the integration test `App.test.js`:
```javascript
// App.test.js
import React from 'react';
import { render, fireEvent } from '@testing-library/react-native';
import App from './App';
test('navigation between screens', async () => {
const { getByText } = render(<App />);
fireEvent.press(getByText('Go to details'));
await expect(getByText('Details Screen')).toBeTruthy();
});
```
In this test, we verify that the "Go to details" button navigates correctly to the `DetailsScreen`. Integration tests are vital to ensure that navigation flows and interaction between components are working correctly.
#### 4. End-to-End (E2E) Tests
End-to-end tests simulate user behavior, verifying the application as a whole from start to finish. I use Detox for E2E testing in React Native.
**Setting up Detox:**
First, install Detox and set up our project:
```bash
npm install --save-dev detox
npx detox init -r jest
```
Then, configure the `package.json` to include Detox scripts:
```json
"scripts": {
"test:e2e": "detox test",
"build:e2e": "detox build"
}
```
**Configuring Detox for Android:**
To configure Detox for Android, we need to adjust some configuration files and add build scripts.
First, add the Detox configuration in `detox.config.js`:
```javascript
// detox.config.js
module.exports = {
testRunner: 'jest',
runnerConfig: 'e2e/config.json',
configurations: {
"android.emu.debug": {
"binaryPath": "android/app/build/outputs/apk/debug/app-debug.apk",
"build": "cd android && ./gradlew assembleDebug assembleAndroidTest -DtestBuildType=debug && cd ..",
"type": "android.emulator",
"device": {
"avdName": "Pixel_2_API_30"
}
}
}
};
```
**Configuring build.gradle:**
In the `android/app/build.gradle` file, add the following block to configure Detox:
```groovy
android {
...
defaultConfig {
...
testInstrumentationRunner "androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
multiDexEnabled true
}
}
dependencies {
...
androidTestImplementation 'com.wix:detox:+'
androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test:runner:1.3.0'
androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.3.0'
}
```
**Configuring Detox for iOS:**
To configure Detox for iOS, we need to adjust some configuration files and add build scripts.
First, add the Detox configuration in `detox.config.js`:
```javascript
// detox.config.js
module.exports = {
testRunner: 'jest',
runnerConfig: 'e2e/config.json',
configurations: {
"ios.sim.debug": {
"binaryPath": "ios/build/Build/Products/Debug-iphonesimulator/YourApp.app",
"build": "xcodebuild -workspace ios/YourApp.xcworkspace -scheme YourApp -configuration Debug -sdk iphonesimulator -derivedDataPath ios/build",
"type": "ios.simulator",
"device": {
"type": "iPhone 12"
}
}
}
};
```
**Configuring the Podfile:**
In the `ios/Podfile`, add the following block to configure Detox:
```ruby
target 'YourApp' do
# Detox specific
pod 'Detox', :path => '../node_modules/detox/ios'
end
```
After configuring the Podfile, run the command:
```bash
cd ios && pod install
```
**E2E Test Example:**
Let's create an E2E test file `example.e2e.js`:
```javascript
// example.e2e.js
describe('E2E Test Example', () => {
beforeAll(async () => {
await device.launchApp();
});
it('should navigate to the details screen', async () => {
await element(by.text('Go to details')).tap();
await expect(element(by.text('Details Screen'))).toBeVisible();
});
});
```
In this test, we verify the navigation by simulating user interaction. E2E tests are crucial to ensure that the app works as expected in a realistic environment, mimicking the final user's interactions.
### Conclusion
Applying unit tests, component tests, integration tests, and end-to-end (E2E) tests in React Native app development is essential to ensure the quality and reliability of your product.
- **Unit Tests** verify the functionality of small parts of the code.
- **Component Tests** ensure that individual components function as expected.
- **Integration Tests** check the interaction between different parts of the system.
- **End-to-End (E2E) Tests** simulate user behavior, testing the application as a whole.
Implementing a robust testing strategy not only improves code quality but also increases confidence in delivering new features and maintaining the app in the long term. Tools like Jest, Testing Library, and Detox are essential for any React Native developer aiming to deliver a high-quality product.
I hope this guide has been helpful and that you feel more confident in applying tests to your React Native project. Code quality is crucial, and testing is a fundamental step in achieving excellence in software development.
| paulocappa |
1,889,757 | How to Implement Authorization in NodeJS | Introduction: Authentication and Authorization are two fundamental concepts in web... | 0 | 2024-06-15T18:37:53 | https://arindam1729.hashnode.dev/how-to-implement-authorization-in-nodejs#heading-understanding-authorization | node, javascript, beginners, webdev | ## **Introduction:**
Authentication and Authorization are two fundamental concepts in web application security. As we build web applications, ensuring that only the right users can access certain parts of our site is crucial to security. This is where authentication and authorization come into play.
In this Article, We will discuss about Authentication and authorization, and How to implement them in our Nodejs Application.
So Without Delaying any further, Let’s Start!
## **Understanding Authorization**
### **What Is Authorization?**
Authorization is the process of giving access to users to do specific work/actions. It decides what an authenticated user is allowed to do within the application. After Authentication, authorization makes sure that the user only does what they're allowed to do, following specific rules and permissions.
Some Common ways of Authentication are:
* Role-based access control (RBAC)
* Attribute-based access control (ABAC)
* Policy-based access control(PBAC)
### **How Authorization works?**
The Authorization process works like this:
* The Authenticated user makes a request to the server.
* The server verifies the user and gets their assigned roles and permission.
* The server evaluates if the user has permission for the requested actions.
* If the user is authorized, the server allows the user to perform the requested actions.
* Otherwise, it denies access and returns an appropriate response.
### **What is Role-based Access Control (RBAC)?**
Role-Based-Access Control is an access control method that gives permissions to the user based on their assigned roles within our applications. In simple words, It controls what users can do within the application.
Instead of assigning permissions to individual users, RBAC groups users into roles, and then assign permissions to those roles. This makes it easier to manage access control, as we only need to update permissions for a role, rather than for each individual user.
Key Components of RBAC are:
* Role: Defines a set of responsibilities, tasks, or functions within the application
* Permissions: Represents specific actions that users can perform.
* Role Assignments: Users are assigned to one or more roles, and each role is associated with a set of permissions.
* Access control policies: Dictate which roles can access particular resources and what actions they can take.
## **Implementing Authorization in NodeJS**
Till Now, We have an understanding of Authentication and Authorization. Let’s explore how to implement them in our NodeJS Application.
In this section, we’ll build a simple NodeJs app and integrate Authentication and authorization functionalities.
### Basic Project Setup and Authentication
To set up a basic Node.js project and add JWT authentication, you can check out the following article where I explain each step in detail:
[Setting up Basic Node.js Project and Add JWT Auth](https://arindam1729.hashnode.dev/jwt-authentication-in-nodejs#heading-project-setup)
### **Implementing Authorization**
In this Section, we’ll implement Authorization in our Nodejs App.
#### 1\. Update the User Schema:
We’ll update the User Schema and add one “role” field where we’ll define the role/scope of the user. We’ll use these roles in the later section for authorization.
```javascript
const mongoose = require("mongoose");
const userSchema = new mongoose.Schema({
username: {
type: String,
required: true,
unique: true,
},
password: {
type: String,
required: true,
},
role:{
type: String,
required: true,
default: "user",
}
});
module.exports = mongoose.model("User", userSchema);
```
#### 2\. Update the Auth Route:
Next up, we’ll update the `/signup` and `/login` routes. We’ll take the newly added role from the request body in the signup route.
```javascript
// updated sign up
router.post("/signup", async (req, res) => {
try {
const { username, password, role } = req.body;
const user = new User({ username, password,role });
await user.save();
res.status(201).json({ message: "New user registered successfully" });
} catch (error) {
res.status(500).json({ message: "Internal server error" });
}
});
```
In the login route, just like username and password validation, we’ll also validate the role of the user.
```javascript
// Updated Login route
router.post("/login", async (req, res) => {
const { username, password, role } = req.body;
try {
const user = await User.findOne({ username });
if (!user) {
return res.status(401).json({ message: "Invalid username or password" });
}
if (user.password !== password) {
return res.status(401).json({ message: 'Invalid username or password' });
}
if (user.role !== role) {
return res.status(401).json({ message: 'Invalid role' });
}
// Generate JWT token
const token = jwt.sign(
{ id: user._id, username: user.username, role: user.role},
process.env.JWT_SECRET
);
res.json({ token });
} catch (error) {
res.status(500).json({ message: "Internal server error" });
}
});
```
#### 3\. Create Admin Validation middleware:
Now, we’ll create a middleware that validates if the user is an admin or not.
```javascript
function verifyAdmin(req, res, next) {
if (req.user.role !== "admin") {
return res.status(401).json({ message: "Access denied. You need an Admin role to get access." });
}
next();
}
module.exports = verifyAdmin;
```
#### 4\. Create Admin route:
After that, We’ll create an admin route in our main `index.js` to validate whether the user has admin access.
```javascript
// index.js
const adminMiddleware = require("./middleware/admin");
app.get("/admin", userMiddleware, adminMiddleware, (req, res) => {
const { username } = req.user;
res.send(`This is an Admin Route. Welcome ${username}`);
});
```
#### 5\. Testing Endpoints:
In the signup route, we’ll create a new user with an Admin role.
For that, we’ll make a POST request to [`http://localhost:3000/auth/signup`](http://localhost:3000/auth/signup) with the following body:
```javascript
{
"username": "Arindam Majumder",
"password": "071204",
"role": "admin"
}
```
And the New User is registered. Our updated signup quote is working correctly.
Similarly, In the Login Route, we’ll make a get the token of the new user.
For that, we’ll make a GET request to [`http://localhost:3000/auth/login`](http://localhost:3000/auth/login) with a similar body:
```javascript
{
"username": "Arindam Majumder",
"password": "071204",
"role": "admin"
}
```
And We’ll get a Token like this:
Now, we’ll test our admin route. For that, we’ll make a GET request to [`http://localhost:3000/admin`](http://localhost:3000/admin) with this Body:
```javascript
{
"username": "Arindam Majumder",
"password": "071204",
"role": "admin"
}
```
This Time we also have to add one authorization header and add the token there to authenticate our user.
```javascript
Authorization = USERS_JWT_TOKEN
```
And we’ll get the following response:
That means our Endpoints are working as expected.
With that, We have successfully implemented Authorization in our NodeJs Application.
## **Conclusion**
Overall, Authentication and Authorization are very important in modern-day Web applications.
In this article, we covered the basics of Authentication and Authorization and How to integrate them into the NodeJs Application.
Hope you found this helpful. Don’t forget to share your Feedback on the Comments.
For Paid collaboration mail me at : [arindammajumder2020@gmail.com](mailto:arindammajumder2020@gmail.com)
Connect with me on [Twitter](https://twitter.com/intent/follow?screen_name=Arindam_1729), [LinkedIn](https://www.linkedin.com/in/arindam2004/), [Youtube](https://www.youtube.com/channel/@Arindam_1729) and [GitHub](https://github.com/Arindam200).
Happy Coding!
 | arindam_1729 |
1,889,756 | Understanding One-to-One Relations with Prisma ORM | Prisma ORM is a powerful tool for managing databases in Node.js and TypeScript projects. One of its... | 0 | 2024-06-15T18:36:49 | https://dev.to/lemartin07/understanding-one-to-one-relations-with-prisma-orm-3i3m | prisma, javascriptlibraries, softwaredevelopment | Prisma ORM is a powerful tool for managing databases in Node.js and TypeScript projects. One of its most important features is the ability to define relationships between tables, including One-to-One (one-to-one) relationships. In this post, we will explore how to set up and work with One-to-One relationships in Prisma ORM.
## What is a One-to-One Relationship?
In a database, a One-to-One relationship means that a record in one table is directly associated with a single record in another table. For example, let's say you have two tables: `User` and `Profile`. Each `User` has a single `Profile` and each `Profile` belongs to a single `User`.
## Setting Up a One-to-One Relationship in Prisma
Let's see how to define a One-to-One relationship between two tables using Prisma ORM. For this example, we will create the `User` and `Profile` tables.
### Step 1: Initial Setup
First, make sure you have Prisma installed in your project:
```bash
npm install @prisma/client
npx prisma init
```
This will create a `prisma` directory containing the `schema.prisma` file where we will define our data model.
### Step 2: Defining the Models
Open the `schema.prisma` file and define the `User` and `Profile` models:
```prisma
model User {
id Int @id @default(autoincrement())
email String @unique
name String?
profile Profile?
@@map("users")
}
model Profile {
id Int @id @default(autoincrement())
bio String
userId Int @unique
user User @relation(fields: [userId], references: [id])
@@map("profiles")
}
```
Here, we define two models:
- `User`: Represents a user with a unique ID, a unique email, an optional name, and an optional profile.
- `Profile`: Represents a profile with a unique ID, a bio, and a `userId` field that is a foreign key referencing the `id` of the `User`.
### Step 3: Migrating the Database
After defining the models, we need to migrate the database to reflect these changes:
```bash
npx prisma migrate dev --name init
```
This will create the `users` and `profiles` tables in your database with the One-to-One relationship configured.
## Working with One-to-One Relationships
Now that we have our models defined and migrated, let's see how to create, read, and manipulate data with this relationship.
### Creating a User and a Profile
```typescript
import { PrismaClient } from '@prisma/client';
const prisma = new PrismaClient();
async function main() {
const user = await prisma.user.create({
data: {
email: 'alice@prisma.io',
name: 'Alice',
profile: {
create: {
bio: 'Software Developer',
},
},
},
});
console.log(user);
}
main()
.catch((e) => {
throw e;
})
.finally(async () => {
await prisma.$disconnect();
});
```
In this example, we are creating a `User` with an associated `Profile` in a single operation.
### Reading Related Data
To fetch a user along with their profile, we use the `include` operation:
```typescript
const userWithProfile = await prisma.user.findUnique({
where: {
email: 'alice@prisma.io',
},
include: {
profile: true,
},
});
console.log(userWithProfile);
```
### Updating a Profile
To update the profile of an existing user:
```typescript
const updatedProfile = await prisma.profile.update({
where: {
userId: userWithProfile.id,
},
data: {
bio: 'Full Stack Developer',
},
});
console.log(updatedProfile);
```
## Conclusion
Defining and working with One-to-One relationships in Prisma ORM is straightforward and intuitive. With the correct configuration in the `schema.prisma` file and using the methods provided by Prisma Client, you can easily manage and interact with related data in your database.
Prisma not only simplifies the process of defining relationships but also provides a powerful API for working with this data, making application development more efficient and productive. | lemartin07 |
1,889,754 | Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) Development: Recent Advancements and Challenges | Can you imagine a world of machines that can think, learn, and adapt like humans, beyond that of the... | 0 | 2024-06-15T18:31:15 | https://dev.to/richardtate/artificial-general-intelligence-agi-development-recent-advancements-and-challenges-1467 | ai, computerscience, career, discuss |
Can you imagine a world of machines that can think, learn, and adapt like humans, beyond that of the plots of your favourite sci-fi movies, shows, or books? Until recently, I, like most of you, didn't think I'd see it in my lifetime. But thanks to the latest developments in Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) by companies like OpenAI, DeepMind, Microsoft, IBM, and Anthropic, AGI is no longer confined to the world of science fiction and is becoming an ever-growing reality.
So, what are these leading tech companies aiming to create, you ask? Their goal is to create systems capable of performing any intellectual task that a human can, marking a significant leap forward in artificial intelligence. However, this ambition raises several ethical concerns for many of us, including myself. As developers, we have all witnessed the massive drive to create AI models and agents capable of generating code, highlighting the profound impact AGI could have on software development. Additionally, it brings up concerns shared by artists, writers, and many others about the implications of AGI on their respective fields.
In this blog post, we'll explore the latest advancements in AGI development, delve into the challenges that lie ahead, and discuss the ethical considerations that must guide this transformative technology.
## The Current Landscape of AGI Development
### Hybrid Learning Models: The Future of AGI?
One of the most promising advancements in Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) is the development of hybrid learning models. These models combine symbolic reasoning with deep learning to enhance generalization capabilities. Symbolic reasoning allows machines to understand and manipulate symbols and rules, much like human logic, while deep learning enables them to learn from vast amounts of data. By integrating these two approaches, researchers aim to create more robust and versatile AGI systems.
*Key Insight*: Hybrid learning models are particularly effective in tasks requiring multi-modal data interpretation, such as understanding natural language and visual information simultaneously.
### Scaling Neural Language Models
Scaling laws for neural language models have shown that as these models grow in size, they begin to exhibit emergent properties similar to human cognition. OpenAI's GPT-4 is a prime example of this phenomenon. As these models scale, they not only improve in performance but also start to understand context and nuance in ways that smaller models cannot.
*Key Insight*: Larger neural language models can perform tasks that were previously thought to be exclusive to human intelligence, such as creative writing and complex problem-solving.
### The Role of Reinforcement Learning
Reinforcement learning (RL) is another cornerstone in the quest for AGI. RL algorithms learn by interacting with their environment, receiving feedback, and adjusting their actions accordingly. This approach is particularly useful for developing AGI systems that need to adapt to new and unforeseen situations.
*Key Insight*: Reinforcement learning enables AGI systems to solve complex problems autonomously, making them more adaptable and resilient.
## Ethical Considerations in AGI Development
### Aligning AGI with Human Values
As AGI systems become more capable, ensuring they align with human values is crucial. Misaligned AGI could pose significant risks, including unethical behaviour, privacy violations, and even existential threats. Researchers are focusing on developing robust frameworks for ethical oversight and alignment to mitigate these risks.
*Key Insight*: Ethical considerations must be integrated into every stage of AGI development to ensure these systems operate within acceptable boundaries.
### Societal Impacts and Power Imbalances
The concentration of AGI capabilities in the hands of a few organizations could lead to power imbalances and misuse. It's essential to promote transparency and accountability in AGI research and development to prevent such scenarios.
*Key Insight*: Public awareness and dialogue about the implications of AGI are vital for fostering a balanced and equitable technological landscape.
## Recommendations for Future AGI Development
- Integrate Symbolic Reasoning with Deep Learning: Enhance generalization capabilities by combining symbolic AI with neural networks.
- Focus on Scaling Neural Language Models: Leverage emergent properties conducive to AGI by scaling neural networks.
- Develop Ethical Frameworks: Create robust frameworks for ethical oversight and alignment with human values.
- Encourage Interdisciplinary Collaboration: Address technical and ethical challenges through interdisciplinary efforts.
- Invest in Reinforcement Learning: Use RL as a cornerstone for adaptable AGI systems.
- Promote Transparency and Accountability: Ensure openness in AGI research and development.
- Foster Public Awareness: Engage the public in discussions about AGI's societal impacts.
- Implement Rigorous Testing Protocols: Develop stringent testing and validation protocols for AGI systems.
- Explore Hybrid Learning Models: Combine supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning for more comprehensive models.
- Monitor Advancements: Keep an eye on AI developments to anticipate and mitigate potential societal impacts.
## Conclusion
The journey towards Artificial General Intelligence is both exciting and fraught with challenges. Recent advancements in hybrid learning models, scaling neural language models, and reinforcement learning bring us closer to achieving AGI. However, ethical considerations and societal impacts must guide this journey to ensure that AGI aligns with human values and benefits all of humanity.
**Call-to-Action**: Stay informed about the latest developments in AGI by following reputable sources and participating in public discussions. Your awareness and engagement can help shape a future where AGI serves the greater good.
## References
- [Towards artificial general intelligence with hybrid Tianjic chip architecture](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1424-8)
- [OpenAI GPT-4](https://www.openai.com/research/gpt-4)
- [DeepMind AlphaCode](https://www.deepmind.com/blog/alphacode)
- Various AI research publications and forward-looking articles from leading tech organizations. You can refer to OpenAI's publications for more detailed information on scaling neural language models: [OpenAI Research](https://www.openai.com/research/)
By staying engaged and informed, we can collectively navigate the complexities of AGI development and ensure it aligns with our shared values and aspirations.
| richardtate |
1,889,752 | RECOVER YOUR STOLEN BTC | The rate at which people are getting scammed is very alarming. I have been the latest victim after me... | 0 | 2024-06-15T18:27:29 | https://dev.to/shry_karr_9bb690b23db26aa/recover-your-stolen-btc-m9b | The rate at which people are getting scammed is very alarming. I have been the latest victim after me and my husband opted to buy some Bitcoin with the money we had saved by selling our company. We put up a sum of $300000.00USD in cryptocurrencies hoping to double our investments, little did we know we were falling into scams, After the realization, we were both very devastated and depressed since we were on the verge of bankruptcy, not to mention my husband almost committed suicide. A close relative recommended a company of high-tech hackers called Century Hackers Recovery Expert and we contacted them via their email: century@cyberservices.com and am happy to say they were able to recover our stolen money in 72 hours. That was the best day ever. Today am very thankful for Century Hackers Recovery Expert and the job well done. You can reach them via their email: via century@cyberservices.com website: https://centurycyberhacker.pro Or WhatsApp : +31622673038
| shry_karr_9bb690b23db26aa | |
1,889,751 | Help me | is there any software to add all installed software application into single software | 0 | 2024-06-15T18:25:24 | https://dev.to/albinnj/help-me-1j7d | productivity, opensource, computerscience, help | is there any software to add all installed software application into single software | albinnj |
1,889,748 | Code the Vote! | 🙋🏻♂️Making a USA-elections app basically i was gonna drop off, but then i got roped back... | 0 | 2024-06-15T18:16:04 | https://dev.to/tonic/code-the-vote-1bif | llamaindex, ai, python, news | ### 🙋🏻♂️Making a USA-elections app
basically i was gonna drop off, but then i got roped back in !
we have 24 hours from this post to make it !
it's for a hackathon on devpost : https://code-the-vote.devpost.com/
- here's the repo : https://github.com/Josephrp/oreally.git
- here are the open issues : https://github.com/Josephrp/oreally/issues
i'd love to link up with some coders that like #llama-index #ai #voice / #audio #python #streamlit all that :-)
just get in touch :-) | tonic |
1,889,746 | What is a stack? | This is a submission for DEV Computer Science Challenge v24.06.12: One Byte Explainer. ... | 0 | 2024-06-15T18:05:45 | https://dev.to/codewitgabi/what-is-a-stack-3pm7 | devchallenge, cschallenge, computerscience, beginners | *This is a submission for [DEV Computer Science Challenge v24.06.12: One Byte Explainer](https://dev.to/challenges/cs).*
## Explainer
<!-- Explain a computer science concept in 256 characters or less. -->
Just like when you have crate of eggs or drinks placed one on top the other, you can't remove the one at the bottom else, you tend to scatter the whole arrangement. So you start with the one at the top (the last added crate) and then go all the way down.
<!-- Please share any additional context you think the judges should take into consideration as it relates to your One Byte Explainer. -->
<!-- Team Submissions: Please pick one member to publish the submission and credit teammates by listing their DEV usernames directly in the body of the post. -->
<!-- Don't forget to add a cover image to your post (if you want). -->
<!-- Thanks for participating! --> | codewitgabi |
1,889,745 | Create Stunning Art for Free with SeaArt AI Art Generator | Introduction to SeaArt AI art generator free Are you ready to unlock your inner artist and... | 0 | 2024-06-15T18:05:05 | https://dev.to/mister_jerry_37e1ecf9b7f7/create-stunning-art-for-free-with-seaart-ai-art-generator-1pa1 | ### Introduction to SeaArt AI art generator free
Are you ready to unlock your inner artist and create stunning art for free? Say hello to SeaArt AI Art Generator, the innovative tool that will revolutionize the way you express your creativity. With just a few clicks, you can transform simple ideas into breathtaking masterpieces without any artistic skills required. Get ready to dive into a world where imagination meets technology, and let SeaArt take your artistic endeavors to new heights!
## Examples of Art Created with SeaArt
Dive into the world of creativity with SeaArt AI art generator free, where stunning masterpieces are just a click away. Explore the endless possibilities of generating unique and captivating artwork effortlessly.
From vibrant abstract compositions to intricate digital illustrations, SeaArt offers a diverse range of artistic styles to unleash your imagination. Whether you're a seasoned artist or just starting on your creative journey, this innovative tool is sure to inspire awe-inspiring creations.
Witness how AI technology seamlessly combines algorithms with artistic vision to produce visually striking pieces that push the boundaries of traditional art forms. The fusion of human creativity and machine intelligence results in truly one-of-a-kind artworks that captivate viewers and spark conversations.
Get ready to be amazed by the sheer versatility and innovation behind each piece generated by SeaArt AI art generator. Let your imagination run wild as you explore different themes, colors, and textures through this cutting-edge platform that redefines the essence of digital artistry.
## AI Art Generators: The Future of Digital Creativity
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been making waves in the world of digital creativity, especially with the rise of AI art generators. These innovative tools are revolutionizing the way artists and creators approach their craft, offering endless possibilities for experimentation and inspiration.
By harnessing the power of machine learning algorithms, AI art generator can analyze vast amounts of data to produce unique and stunning artworks in a matter of seconds. The ability to generate various styles and techniques at the click of a button opens up new avenues for artists to explore and push boundaries beyond traditional methods.
As technology continues to advance, we can expect AI art generators to play an increasingly significant role in shaping the future of digital creativity. Artists will be able to collaborate with machines, using them as tools to amplify their ideas and bring them to life in ways previously unimaginable.
The fusion of human creativity with artificial intelligence is not just a trend; it's a glimpse into an exciting future where innovation knows no bounds. With AI art generators leading the way, we're witnessing a transformative shift in how we perceive and engage with art in the digital age.
## Revolutionize Your Creativity with AI Art Generator
Are you ready to take your creativity to the next level? Revolutionize the way you create art with the innovative SeaArt AI art generator. This cutting-edge tool combines technology and artistic expression, giving you endless possibilities to explore. Say goodbye to creative blocks and hello to a world of inspiration at your fingertips.
With SeaArt AI art generator, you can turn your ideas into stunning visual masterpieces in just a few clicks. Whether you're a seasoned artist or just starting out on your creative journey, this tool is designed to spark your imagination and push boundaries like never before.
Embrace the future of digital creativity by harnessing the power of AI art generators. Let go of limitations and embrace experimentation as you unleash your inner artist with ease. The possibilities are truly endless when it comes to creating unique, captivating artwork that reflects your individual style and vision.
Don't let traditional methods confine your creativity any longer – break free from convention and dive into a world where innovation meets imagination with SeaArt AI art generator by your side.
##
Embrace the creative possibilities that SeaArt AI art generator free offers. Let your imagination soar as you explore the endless artistic opportunities presented by this innovative tool. With just a few clicks, you can create stunning art pieces that reflect your unique vision and style.
AI art generators like SeaArt are revolutionizing the way we approach digital creativity, making it more accessible and exciting than ever before. Whether you're an experienced artist looking for new inspiration or someone who simply loves to dabble in art, SeaArt AI art generator free is sure to spark your creativity and elevate your artistic endeavors.
| mister_jerry_37e1ecf9b7f7 | |
1,889,744 | Poetic Resistance: Examining Poetry as a Tool for Social Change Throughout History with Herve Comeau Syracuse | Poetry, with its ability to evoke emotion, challenge norms, and ignite social consciousness, has long... | 0 | 2024-06-15T17:58:54 | https://dev.to/hervecomeau/poetic-resistance-examining-poetry-as-a-tool-for-social-change-throughout-history-with-herve-comeau-syracuse-53mf | Poetry, with its ability to evoke emotion, challenge norms, and ignite social consciousness, has long served as a potent tool for resistance and social change. From ancient civilizations to modern-day movements, poets have utilized verse to amplify marginalized voices, critique oppressive systems, and inspire collective action. This blog delves into the rich history of poetry as a vehicle for resistance, exploring its transformative power in shaping societal narratives and advocating for justice.
## Ancient Roots of Poetic Dissent
The tradition of poetic resistance traces back to ancient civilizations, where poets often wielded their craft to challenge authority and advocate for social reform. In ancient Greece, for example, poets like Sappho and Homer used their verses to question prevailing norms, express dissent against tyrannical rulers, and celebrate the resilience of the human spirit. Their works transcended mere entertainment, serving as catalysts for intellectual discourse and political resistance.
Poetry enthusiasts like **[Herve Comeau Syracuse](https://www.datanyze.com/companies/herve-comeau/537418445)** mention that in ancient China, poets such as Qu Yuan and Li Bai utilized poetry to lament social injustices, criticize corrupt rulers, and express solidarity with the oppressed. Their verses, often imbued with themes of longing, disillusionment, and defiance, resonated deeply with audiences and galvanized movements for change. These early examples illustrate the enduring power of poetry to challenge authority, elevate marginalized voices, and inspire movements for social transformation.
## Poetry of Revolution
Throughout history, periods of political upheaval and revolution have provided fertile ground for poetic expression as a form of resistance. During the French Revolution, poets like Victor Hugo and Charles Baudelaire captured the fervor of the times through their verses, critiquing the excesses of monarchy, advocating for equality, and championing the rights of the proletariat. Their works served as rallying cries for social change, inspiring revolutionaries and shaping the course of history.
Similarly, in colonial America, poets such as Phillis Wheatley and Anne Bradstreet utilized their writing to challenge the institution of slavery, advocate for independence, and call attention to the hypocrisy of the prevailing social order. Their poems, infused with themes of freedom, justice, and human dignity, played a pivotal role in mobilizing support for revolutionary ideals and challenging entrenched systems of oppression. Through their courageous acts of poetic resistance as highlighted by poetry buffs such as Herve Comeau Syracuse, these writers paved the way for progress and laid the foundation for future movements for social justice.
## Poetry of Social Reform Movements
The 19th and 20th centuries witnessed the emergence of social reform movements that utilized poetry as a powerful tool for advocacy and activism. During the abolitionist movement in the United States, poets such as Frederick Douglass and Harriet Beecher Stowe employed verse to expose the horrors of slavery, evoke empathy among poetry lovers including Herve Comeau Syracuse, and galvanize support for abolition. Through their poignant depictions of suffering and resilience, these poets fueled the abolitionist cause and contributed to the eventual eradication of slavery.
Similarly, during the civil rights movement of the 20th century, poets like Langston Hughes and Maya Angelou became voices of resilience and resistance, articulating the experiences of African Americans and challenging systemic racism through their verses. Their poetry served as a call to action, inspiring individuals to confront injustice, demand equality, and strive for a more inclusive society. By harnessing the power of language and imagery, these poets catalyzed social change and left an indelible mark on the landscape of American literature and activism.
## Poetry in Times of War and Conflict
War and conflict have often spurred poets to confront the human toll of violence, advocate for peace, and bear witness to the atrocities of war. During World War I, poets such as Wilfred Owen and Siegfried Sassoon captured the horrors of trench warfare and the senseless loss of life in their poetry. Through vivid imagery and stark realism, these poets challenged prevailing notions of glory and patriotism, offering a poignant critique of the futility of war.
Similarly, during the Vietnam War era, poets like Allen Ginsberg and Yusef Komunyakaa used their verses to protest against militarism, imperialism, and the dehumanizing effects of war. Their poetry became a rallying cry for the anti-war movement, mobilizing public sentiment against government policies and advocating for peace and reconciliation. By bearing witness to the human cost of conflict and giving voice to the marginalized as conveyed by poetry enthusiasts like Herve Comeau Syracuse, these poets demonstrated the enduring power of poetry to resist oppression and inspire collective action.
## Poetry and Environmental Advocacy
In recent decades, poets have increasingly turned their attention to environmental issues, using their craft to raise awareness about climate change, ecological destruction, and the urgent need for environmental stewardship. Poets like Wendell Berry and Mary Oliver have celebrated the beauty of the natural world while also sounding alarm bells about its fragility and decline. Through their evocative imagery and impassioned pleas, these poets have urged poetry buffs such as [Herve Comeau Syracuse](https://www.fastpeoplesearch.com/herve-comeau_id_G7518802935244844233) to reexamine their relationship with the environment and take meaningful action to protect the planet for future generations.
## Poetry in the Digital Age
The advent of the internet and social media has democratized the dissemination of poetry, enabling poets from diverse backgrounds to reach global audiences and participate in online communities of artistic expression and social activism. Platforms like Instagram and Twitter have become virtual stages for poets to share their work, engage with audiences, and amplify marginalized voices. Poets such as Rupi Kaur and Warsan Shire have leveraged social media to address issues of identity, gender, and social justice, sparking conversations and catalyzing movements for change.
Throughout history, poetry has served as a potent tool for resistance, social change, and cultural transformation. From ancient civilizations to modern-day movements, poets have used verse to challenge authority, advocate for justice, and inspire collective action. Whether confronting injustice, bearing witness to human suffering, or celebrating the resilience of the human spirit, poetry has the power to evoke empathy, provoke thought, and ignite movements for social change. As we navigate the complexities of the modern world, the tradition of poetic resistance reminds us of the enduring power of language, imagination, and solidarity in the pursuit of a more just and equitable society. | hervecomeau | |
1,889,743 | What is a Queue? | This is a submission for DEV Computer Science Challenge v24.06.12: One Byte Explainer. ... | 0 | 2024-06-15T17:58:07 | https://dev.to/codewitgabi/what-is-a-queue-18p7 | devchallenge, cschallenge, computerscience, beginners | *This is a submission for [DEV Computer Science Challenge v24.06.12: One Byte Explainer](https://dev.to/challenges/cs).*
## Explainer
<!-- Explain a computer science concept in 256 characters or less. -->
When you visit a bank or you go to the supermarket to get some groceries, you **stay in line**. **The person in front of you gets answered first** because he was there before you. That's basically a **queue in computer science**
<!-- Please share any additional context you think the judges should take into consideration as it relates to your One Byte Explainer. -->
<!-- Team Submissions: Please pick one member to publish the submission and credit teammates by listing their DEV usernames directly in the body of the post. -->
<!-- Don't forget to add a cover image to your post (if you want). -->
<!-- Thanks for participating! --> | codewitgabi |
1,889,739 | 1.2 - Um segundo programa simples | Atribuição de Variáveis: Uma variável é um local nomeado na memória ao qual pode ser atribuído um... | 0 | 2024-06-15T17:53:13 | https://dev.to/devsjavagirls/12-um-segundo-programa-simples-m5l | java | **Atribuição de Variáveis:**
Uma variável é um local nomeado na memória ao qual pode ser atribuído um valor.
O valor de uma variável pode ser alterado durante a execução de um programa.
**Declaração e Atribuição:**
int var1; e int var2;: Declara duas variáveis do tipo inteiro.
var1 = 1024;: Atribui o valor 1024 a var1.
**Exibindo Valores:**
System.out.println("var1 contains " + var1);: Exibe o valor de var1.
var2 = var1 / 2;: Atribui a var2 o valor de var1 dividido por 2.
System.out.print("var2 contains var1 / 2: "); e System.out.println(var2);: Exibe o valor de var2.
Saída do Programa:
```
var1 contains 1024
var2 contains var1 / 2: 512
```
**Conceitos Importantes:**
- Declaração de Variáveis:
int var1; e int var2;: Declaram variáveis do tipo inteiro.
- Atribuição de Valores:
var1 = 1024;: Atribui 1024 a var1.
- Operadores Aritméticos:
var2 = var1 / 2;: Divide var1 por 2 e atribui o resultado a var2.
- Operadores de Atribuição:
O operador de atribuição é o sinal de igualdade (=).
- Print e Println:
System.out.print: Imprime sem nova linha.
System.out.println: Imprime com nova linha.
- Declaração Múltipla:
int var1, var2;: Declara duas variáveis na mesma instrução, separadas por vírgula.
Esses conceitos são fundamentais para a compreensão e uso das variáveis em Java. | devsjavagirls |
1,889,742 | Video: Modify Angular Material (v18) themes with CSS Variables using Theme Builder | Modify Angular Material... | 0 | 2024-06-15T17:53:04 | https://dev.to/ngmaterialdev/video-modify-angular-material-v18-themes-with-css-variables-using-theme-builder-3278 | angular, angularmaterial, webdev | ---
title: Video: Modify Angular Material (v18) themes with CSS Variables using Theme Builder
published: true
description:
tags: angular, angularmaterial, webdevelopment
cover_image: https://media.dev.to/cdn-cgi/image/width=1000,height=420,fit=cover,gravity=auto,format=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fdev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fuploads%2Farticles%2F69ssqo81hgxmlm6zzcwg.png
---
{% embed https://youtu.be/YzFoGNEHtgw?si=wbZjXbpdOpONc9kP %}
| shhdharmen |
1,889,740 | Troubleshooting with PipeOps: Error 502 with React apps | Day 3 of [HackOps 1.0] and my quest to compile as many fixes for the errors participants face during... | 0 | 2024-06-15T17:50:14 | https://dev.to/orunto/troubleshooting-with-pipeops-error-502-with-react-apps-cb | pipeops, hackathon, react, troubleshooting | Day 3 of [**HackOps 1.0**] and my quest to compile as many fixes for the errors participants face during the duration of the hackathon continues. Today it's the `502: Bad gateway` error some React Devs encountered
#### Mild Disclaimer
I'm making sure to state that these errors and fixes are framework specific so as not to mislead other users that have similar problems in different environments. You are welcome to try it out, but please do let me know whether or not they work for your circumstance so I can update the guide. Thank you 😊
## Build Settings
- Set your project's _framework_ to ReactJs and _build method_ is set to Node (Static Frontend)
- Set _build rules_ to the node version you used in building your react app and the _build path_ to the appropriate folder be it `dist` or `build`
That should handle the error. If you have any issues please let me know in the comments.
Thank you for reading! And to my fellow hackathon competitors, See you at the finals! 🫵 | orunto |
1,889,738 | HEIMDALL - Open Source PYscript for bypassing and login captive portals in private networks | This Python script automates the process of connecting to a captive portal, often... | 27,927 | 2024-06-15T17:42:35 | https://dev.to/kingsmen732/open-source-bash-script-for-bypassing-and-login-captive-portals-in-private-networks-3ef9 | networking, captiveportals, opensource, python |
## This Python script automates the process of connecting to a captive portal, often encountered in public Wi-Fi networks. Here’s a summary of how the code works and its usefulness:
**Summary:**
- Setup and Configuration:
- The script imports various libraries, including requests for HTTP requests and JSON for handling JSON data.
- It defines several enums (Client_type, Request_type, Portal_action, Server_response) to manage different client types, request methods, portal actions, and server responses.
- Global Variables:
- Global class holds key variables like username, password, client type, portal URL, and timestamps of login and acknowledgement.
- Utility Functions:
-Credential Management: get_creds_from_json(path_to_json) reads the username and password from a JSON file.
-Connectivity Tests: gstatic_connect_test() and msft_connect_test() check if the internet is accessible.
-Captive Portal Detection: find_captive_portal() attempts to find and return the captive portal URL.
-Header and Payload Generation: header_generator() and payload_generator() generate HTTP headers and payloads for requests.
-WAN State Monitoring: is_wan_up() checks and logs changes in the WAN state.
- Request Functions:
-GET and POST Requests: get_req(uni_host) and post_req(uni_host, portal_action) handle GET and POST requests to the portal.
-Server Response Parsing: parse_server_response(response) interprets the server’s response and updates global state variables accordingly.
- Main Logic:
-Program Loop: program_loop() continuously checks the WAN state and attempts to login to the portal if the internet is down. It also sends acknowledgement requests periodically if the client is a desktop.
-Pause Menu: pause_menu() provides a user interface for actions like logging out, exiting, and changing the client type.
## Usefulness Compared to Software:
1.Automation:
The script automatically handles login and maintains connectivity, unlike manual software methods.
```
def program_loop():
while not exit_flag:
if not Utility.is_wan_up():
post_req(uni_host=portal_url, portal_action=Portal_action.LOGIN)
```
2.Customizability:
Easily adjustable for different portals by modifying headers, payloads, and URLs.
```
def header_generator(uni_host: str, payload_length: int, request_type: Request_type):
headers = { 'Host': url_parse.hostname, 'User-Agent': Global.user_agent, ... }
```
3.Lightweight: Minimal dependencies and resources compared to GUI-based applications.
```
import requests, json, logging
```
4.Logging and Monitoring: Provides detailed logs and real-time status updates.
```
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, filename='app.log', ...)
```
5.Cross-Platform Compatibility: Runs on various operating systems using Python.
```
os.system('cls' if os.name == 'nt' else 'clear')
```
| kingsmen732 |
1,889,737 | check my git hub repositories | https://github.com/ALYANSHEIKHH | 0 | 2024-06-15T17:40:54 | https://dev.to/alyan_sheikh_e1f7c955a630/check-my-git-hub-repositories-291g | https://github.com/ALYANSHEIKHH | alyan_sheikh_e1f7c955a630 | |
1,889,735 | Unlock the Power of CI/CD with pCloudy and Bitbucket Integration | In today’s digital-first world, the demand for continuous integration and delivery is of paramount... | 0 | 2024-06-15T17:38:32 | https://dev.to/pcloudy_ssts/unlock-the-power-of-cicd-with-pcloudy-and-bitbucket-integration-2c62 | cloudbasedtesting, automatedtesting | In today’s digital-first world, the demand for continuous integration and delivery is of paramount importance for maintaining the highest quality standards of application development. This includes keeping up with evolving market trends, handling competition, and meeting the end-users’ expectations.
At pCloudy, we believe in empowering developers and testers with tools that significantly enhance their productivity and overall work efficiency. Our latest integration with Bitbucket Pipelines reaffirms this commitment by providing a seamless platform for automated building, testing, and deployment of your codebase.
In this blog, we will delve into how this integration is set to streamline your workflow, reduce time-to-market, and bolster the application quality.
Bitbucket Pipelines and pCloudy: A Dynamic Duo
Bitbucket Pipelines is an integrated service in Bitbucket Cloud that allows you to automate your code building, testing, and deployment process. It utilizes a configuration file within your repository, the bitbucket-pipelines.yml file, to define a pipeline that generates customizable containers in the cloud where you can execute commands just as you would on a local machine.
On the other hand, pCloudy provides a cloud-based platform that enables comprehensive testing of your applications. With over 5000 device-browser combinations, you can test your applications on a variety of platforms, ensuring wide compatibility and high-quality user experience.
The integration of these two powerful tools facilitates a seamless testing workflow. By connecting your pCloudy account with Bitbucket Pipelines, you can initiate tests on pCloudy directly from Bitbucket Pipelines, simplifying the testing process and accelerating your project timeline.
How pCloudy and Bitbucket Pipelines Integration Benefits Your Testing Workflow
Automated Testing
pCloudy and Bitbucket Pipelines’ integration automates your entire testing process. The bitbucket-pipelines.yml file automatically triggers the tests on pCloudy once a change is pushed to the repository. This [automated testing](https://www.pcloudy.com/rapid-automation-testing/) not only ensures a higher level of code quality but also saves considerable time.
Parallel Testing
[Parallel testing](https://www.pcloudy.com/parallel-testing/) is a game-changer in app development. By simultaneously testing different parts of an application on multiple device-browser combinations, you can dramatically speed up the testing process. This capability, coupled with the automated nature of Bitbucket Pipelines, makes it an incredibly efficient solution for ensuring the quality of your applications.
Powering Your Test Environment
The flexibility of testing on a variety of device-browser combinations ensures a high-quality user experience across multiple platforms and devices. With this integration, you’ll gain valuable insights into how your application interacts with different operating systems, devices, and browsers. This paves the way for a more robust, efficient, and reliable testing process.
Simplified Workflow
This integration eliminates the need for manual coordination between developers, testers, and the operations team. The bitbucket-pipelines.yml file, which defines the pipeline, is located at the root of your repository. By using this file, you can design a custom workflow, automate build processes, run tests, and deploy your application efficiently.
Cutting-Edge Cloud-Based Testing
The integration’s significant advantage is the ability to conduct testing on the cloud. [Cloud-based testing](https://www.pcloudy.com/blogs/what-is-cloud-testing-everything-you-need-to-know/) ensures your application functions as intended, regardless of the end-user’s device or operating system. The pCloudy Appium server further enhances this capability by enabling testing on real devices and browsers on the cloud.
Greater ROI
The integration of pCloudy with Bitbucket Pipelines guarantees a boost in your return on investment. By automating processes that were once manual, you’ll save time and resources that can be better utilized elsewhere. This integration results in reduced time-to-market, quicker issue resolution, and enhanced team productivity.
Looking Ahead
In the rapidly evolving digital landscape, it’s essential to stay ahead of the curve. The integration of pCloudy with Bitbucket Pipelines marks a significant step towards a more streamlined, efficient, and high-quality application development process.
As we continue to enhance our offerings, we look forward to empowering developers and testers worldwide with innovative solutions that cater to their specific needs. With pCloudy and Bitbucket Pipelines, you’re not just adopting a tool; you’re embracing a future where testing is convenient, efficient, and, above all, effective.
So, connect your pCloudy account with Bitbucket Pipelines today and embark on your journey towards a more efficient testing and deployment process. Your end-users will thank you. | pcloudy_ssts |
1,889,734 | 20 Best JavaScript Frameworks For 2023 | Introduction With JavaScript maintaining its stronghold in the realm of web development, keeping... | 0 | 2024-06-15T17:34:41 | https://dev.to/pcloudy_ssts/20-best-javascript-frameworks-for-2023-kpa | 20bestjavascriptframeworks | Introduction
With JavaScript maintaining its stronghold in the realm of web development, keeping abreast of the finest JavaScript frameworks becomes imperative for developers. In this ever-evolving tech landscape, being well-informed about frameworks that provide robust functionality, optimize performance, and foster a vibrant community is essential.
In this blog, we’ll delve into the top [20 JavaScript frameworks for 2023](https://www.pcloudy.com/blogs/20-best-javascript-frameworks/). We’ll analyse the pros, cons, and market share of each framework, offering valuable insights into their popularity and adoption. This thorough overview aims to assist developers in making informed decisions for their project’s framework selection.
1) React :
React, developed by Facebook, is a widely popular JavaScript framework known for its component-based architecture, virtual DOM, and efficient rendering. Its vast ecosystem and large community make it a top choice for building scalable and high-performance web applications.
– Prosinclude its reusability, modular structure, and extensive documentation.
– Consinclude the steep learning curve for beginners and the need for additional libraries to handle complex state management.
– React maintains a significant market share, with widespread adoption among developers.
2) Angular :
Angular, maintained by Google, is a full-featured framework known for its powerful data binding, dependency injection, and declarative templates. Its opinionated approach and comprehensive feature set make it suitable for large-scale applications.
– Prosinclude robustness, TypeScript integration, and extensive tooling support.
– Consinclude a steeper learning curve and complex debugging.
– Angular holds a significant market share, particularly in enterprise-level applications.
3) Vue.js :
Vue.js is a progressive JavaScript framework that offers an intuitive and flexible approach to building user interfaces. It emphasizes simplicity and ease of integration, making it suitable for both small and large-scale applications.
– Prosinclude its gentle learning curve, excellent documentation, and seamless integration with existing projects.
– Consinclude a smaller ecosystem compared to React and Angular, which may lead to limited community support.
– Vue.js has been rapidly gaining popularity and has a growing market share.
4) Mocha :
Mocha is a popular JavaScript testing framework known for its simplicity, flexibility, and wide range of features. It supports both synchronous and asynchronous testing and provides powerful assertion libraries.
– Prosinclude its simplicity, extensive plugin ecosystem, and excellent community support.
– Consinclude a steeper learning curve for beginners and a need for additional libraries to handle certain functionalities.
– Mocha is widely used in the JavaScript testing landscape.
5) Ember.js :
Ember.js is a framework that focuses on developer productivity by following conventions and providing a structured development environment. It offers built-in features for routing, data binding, and testing.
– Prosinclude its convention-over-configuration approach, strong community support, and efficient handling of complex applications.
– Consinclude a steeper learning curve and a smaller market share compared to React and Angular.
6) Svelte :
Svelte is a compile-time framework that converts your declarative code into efficient JavaScript. It focuses on performance and small bundle sizes.
– Prosinclude its simplicity, reduced runtime overhead, and excellent performance.
– Consinclude a smaller community and a less mature ecosystem compared to other frameworks.
– Svelte has gained significant attention in recent years and is steadily increasing its market share.
7) Next.js :
Next.js is a framework built on top of React that enables server-side rendering, static site generation, and routing. It provides an intuitive development experience for building scalable and optimized React applications.
– Prosinclude its seamless integration with React, excellent performance, and out-of-the-box SEO capabilities.
– Consinclude a more opinionated structure and a learning curve for beginners. -Next.js has gained popularity rapidly and has a substantial market share.
8) Express.js :
Express.js is a minimal and flexible framework for building server-side applications with Node.js. It provides a straightforward and unopinionated approach to web development.
– Prosinclude its simplicity, lightweight nature, and extensive middleware ecosystem. – Consinclude a lack of built-in features compared to full-fledged frameworks.
– Express.js is widely adopted and has a significant market share in the Node.js ecosystem.
9) D3.js :
D3.js is a powerful JavaScript library for data visualisation. It provides a comprehensive set of tools for creating interactive and dynamic data visualisations on the web.
– Prosinclude its flexibility, extensive customization options, and ability to handle large datasets.
– Consinclude a steep learning curve and a more low-level approach compared to specialised charting libraries.
– Despite its more niche focus, D3.js maintains a dedicated community and holds a respectable market share in the data visualisation realm.
10) Meteor :
Meteor is a full-stack JavaScript framework that allows for rapid development of real-time web applications. It integrates the client and server layers seamlessly and offers features such as data synchronisation and hot code reloading.
– Prosinclude its simplicity, real-time capabilities, and built-in support for mobile apps.
– Consinclude a smaller community and a less mature ecosystem compared to other frameworks.
– Meteor continues to be favoured for building real-time applications, albeit with a smaller market share.
11) NestJS :
NestJS is a progressive Node.js framework for building efficient and scalable server-side applications. It utilises TypeScript and follows a modular architecture based on Angular concepts.
– Prosinclude its familiarity for Angular developers, dependency injection, and strong typing.
– Consinclude a steeper learning curve and a smaller community compared to more established Node.js frameworks.
– NestJS has gained traction in recent years and is steadily increasing its market share.
12) Aurelia :
Aurelia is a JavaScript framework that focuses on simplicity, extensibility, and testability. It aims to provide a cohesive set of features while keeping the learning curve minimal.
– Prosinclude its clean and intuitive syntax, powerful data binding, and extensive documentation.
– Consinclude a smaller community and a slightly lower market share compared to more popular frameworks.
– Aurelia remains a solid choice for developers seeking a lightweight and flexible framework.
13) Gatsby :
Gatsby is a modern framework for building static websites and progressive web applications. It utilises React and GraphQL to create blazing-fast, optimised, and SEO-friendly websites.
– Prosinclude its excellent performance, extensive plugin ecosystem, and seamless integration with headless CMS platforms.
– Consinclude a steeper learning curve for beginners and limitations in dynamic content handling.
– Gatsby has gained significant popularity and has a growing market share in the static site generator space.
14) Redux :
Redux is a predictable state management library often used with React for managing complex application state. It follows a unidirectional data flow pattern and provides a centralized store for managing application data.
– Prosinclude its simplicity, testability, and excellent community support.
– Consinclude increased boilerplate code and a learning curve for beginners.
– Redux continues to be widely adopted, particularly in large-scale React applications.
15) Nuxt.js :
Nuxt.js is a framework built on top of Vue.js that enables server-side rendering and seamless Vue application development. It provides a convention-based approach and simplifies the creation of universal Vue applications.
– Prosinclude its seamless integration with Vue, automatic code splitting, and server-side rendering capabilities.
– Consinclude a more opinionated structure and a smaller market share compared to other Vue-based frameworks.
– Nuxt.js has seen increased adoption and has a notable market share.
16) Jest :
Jest is a JavaScript testing framework developed by Facebook. It focuses on simplicity, speed, and ease of use. It provides built-in mocking capabilities, code coverage analysis, and snapshot testing.
– Prosinclude its intuitive API, fast execution speed, and built-in features for testing React components.
– Consinclude limited support for other frameworks and a larger bundle size compared to other testing frameworks.
– Jest has gained significant popularity and has a substantial market share in the JavaScript testing ecosystem.
17) Electron :
Electron is a framework that allows developers to build cross-platform desktop applications using web technologies like HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. It provides a native-like experience and access to system-level APIs.
– Prosinclude its ability to create desktop apps with web technologies, a large number of available plugins, and strong community support.
– Consinclude larger application sizes and potential performance concerns.
– Electron has gained popularity as a powerful framework for creating desktop applications and has a notable market share.
18) TensorFlow.js :
TensorFlow.js is a library for building machine learning models and running them directly in the browser or on Node.js. It enables developers to utilize the power of machine learning without leaving the JavaScript ecosystem.
– Prosinclude its seamless integration with JavaScript, accessibility for web developers, and support for both training and inference.
– Consinclude a steeper learning curve for machine learning concepts and limitations compared to the full TensorFlow library.
– TensorFlow.js has seen increased adoption as machine learning becomes more prevalent in web applications.
19) Phaser :
Phaser is a fast and lightweight JavaScript game framework for creating both 2D and 3D games. It provides a rich set of features, including physics engines, animations, and input handling.
– Prosinclude its ease of use, extensive documentation, and active community.
– Consinclude a smaller market share compared to more established game development frameworks.
– Phaser is a popular choice for developers looking to create browser-based games.
20) Three.js :
Three.js is a powerful JavaScript library for creating 3D graphics and animations on the web. It provides a comprehensive set of tools for rendering and manipulating 3D scenes in the browser.
– Prosinclude its versatility, excellent documentation, and wide range of available examples and resources.
– Consinclude a steeper learning curve and performance considerations for complex scenes.
– Three.js has gained significant traction and is widely used in the web 3D graphics domain.
Conclusion
In the ever-changing JavaScript landscape, staying updated on the best frameworks is vital for developers. We’ve examined the [20 best JavaScript frameworks](https://www.pcloudy.com/blogs/20-best-javascript-frameworks/) for 2023, considering their pros, cons, and market share. From React’s component-based architecture to Express.js’s simplicity, each framework offers unique features for different needs. React, Angular, and Vue.js dominate, while emerging frameworks like Svelte, Next.js, and NestJS gain traction. When choosing a framework, consider project requirements, learning curve, community support, and performance. Evaluate the ecosystem, documentation, and market acceptance to make an informed decision. | pcloudy_ssts |
1,889,733 | Understanding XCUITest Framework: Your Guide to Efficient iOS Testing | In today’s era of swift technological progression, effective and efficient testing of iOS... | 0 | 2024-06-15T17:31:54 | https://dev.to/pcloudy_ssts/understanding-xcuitest-framework-your-guide-to-efficient-ios-testing-2o1 | mobileapptestingtools, iosapplicationtesting, automatedapptesting, accessibilitytesting | In today’s era of swift technological progression, effective and efficient testing of iOS applications is vital to ensuring high-quality app development. One such invaluable tool in our testing toolkit is the XCUITest framework developed by Apple. This guide will elucidate what the XCUITest framework is and why it is an ideal choice for iOS testing.
What is the XCUITest Framework?
The XCUITest framework, launched by Apple in 2015, is a robust automated UI testing tool designed for iOS automation testing. The XCUITest framework operates in conjunction with XCTest, which is a comprehensive test environment integrated into Xcode, Apple’s primary development environment.
This potent combination empowers developers and testers to create automated UI tests for native iOS & macOS applications. Tests are written using either Swift or Objective-C, which are native programming languages to Apple. The XCUITest framework stands as one of the premier [mobile app testing tools](https://www.pcloudy.com/), known for its maintainability, resistance to test flakiness, and its ability to streamline the continuous integration (CI) process.
Why Choose XCUITest for iOS Testing?
The mobile market offers an array of testing frameworks, but the XCUITest framework has unique advantages that make it particularly beneficial for [iOS application testing](https://www.pcloudy.com/mobile-app-testing-on-multiple-devices/). Here are some of the key reasons to select XCUITest for your iOS app testing needs:
Simplicity: Xcode comes pre-loaded with XCUITest, meaning there’s no additional installation required to get started with mobile automation testing.
Native Testing Support: The XCUITest framework supports the native iOS languages, Swift and Objective-C. This native support promotes confident, efficient creation of UI tests, with faster test execution and excellent integration.
Promotes Collaboration: XCUITest’s compatibility with native iOS languages ensures developers and testers can collaborate effectively, writing test code in the same language.
Fast and Reliable Test Execution: Because XCUITest is specifically designed for UI testing, it assures each unit test and UI test is thorough and error-free. The tests are quick, reliable, and robust.
iOS Test Recorder: XCUITest, coupled with XCTest, allows for UI recording using the Xcode IDE. This feature generates test code and records UI interactions, providing a base that testers can adjust and utilize to write effective test cases.
Supports Continuous Integration (CI): The XCUITest framework enables seamless integration into the CI process, enabling [automated app testing](https://www.pcloudy.com/rapid-automation-testing/). This allows for continuous feedback under actual end-user conditions and on real devices.
Mastering XCUITest: A Deep Dive into Key Concepts and the XCUITest API
When we consider the practice of automated UI testing for mobile applications, we essentially assess how the user interface reacts to user interactions and compare these test outcomes with our expected results. XCUITest, a robust testing framework developed by Apple, allows us to perform this app test automation efficiently and effectively.
Unpacking the Core Concepts of XCUITest
The power and proficiency of XCUITest are grounded in two pivotal concepts – XCTest and Accessibility.
XCTest: XCTest is a pre-built testing framework in Xcode that enables the creation and execution of UI tests, unit tests, and performance tests for your Xcode projects. Utilizing either Swift or Objective-C languages, XCTest ensures certain conditions are fulfilled during code execution, recording any failures if these conditions aren’t met.
Accessibility: [Accessibility testing](https://www.pcloudy.com/blogs/mobile-app-accessibility-testing-checklist/) of mobile applications examines the app’s functionality, particularly for people with disabilities. The core functions of the Accessibility feature are used in UI test cases to execute and validate tests.
A Closer Look at the XCUITest API
To truly harness the power of XCUITest, we need to familiarize ourselves with its API. The XCUITest API offers several classes packed into a single file – XCTest. Here’s an overview of some essential classes you can employ to automate iOS apps:
XCUIElementQuery: This class helps identify a user interface element, allowing for certain actions to be performed on it.
Declaration: class XCUIElementQuery : NSObject
XCUIElement: This class signifies a UI element in an iOS app, enabling the testing of the app through gestures such as touching, swiping, dragging, and rotating.
Declaration: class XCUIElement : NSObject
XCUIApplication: This proxy class represents an iOS application, providing capabilities to launch, monitor, and terminate the app.
Declaration: class XCUIApplication : XCUIElement
XCUIElement.ElementType: A vital part of a user interface test involves interacting with various UI elements. This enumeration lists the types of UI elements that can be interacted with during tests, such as .button, .image, etc.
Declaration: enum ElementType : UInt, @unchecked Sendable
XCUIScreen: This class represents the physical screen of the device, be it iOS, macOS, or tvOS. This class is crucial for capturing screenshots during test execution.
Declaration: class XCUIScreen : NSObject
XCUIScreenshot: As the name suggests, this class represents the screenshots of a screen, app, or UI element.
Declaration: class XCUIScreenshot : NSObject
XCUIDevice: This class is a proxy that can simulate physical buttons, device orientation, and interaction with Siri.
Declaration: class XCUIDevice : NSObject
XCUIRemote: This class represents the simulation of interactions with physical remote controls.
Declaration: class XCUIRemote : NSObject
By delving into the core concepts of XCUITest and gaining an understanding of its API, we can truly maximize the potential of this powerful testing framework for iOS application testing.
XCUITest and Appium: A Comparative Study
Appium provides testing capabilities for both Android and iOS applications and supports multiple programming languages including Java, JavaScript, Python, PHP, and more, whereas XCUITest is specifically tailored for iOS applications and supports Swift and Objective-C, which are native to Apple.
Here are a few key highlights and differences between the XCUITest and Appium frameworks:
XCUITest Appium
Primarily used for automating UI testing for iOS applications Used in automating mobile app testing for both Android and iOS applications
Supports Swift and Objective-C languages Supports multiple programming languages such as Java, JavaScript, Python, PHP, and more
Low test flakiness Higher test flakiness
Easy setup process Setup can be complex and time-consuming
Rapid execution of tests Test execution tends to be slower
Limitations of the XCUITest Framework
While XCUITest is a powerful tool, it has a few limitations too:
While XCUITest provides reliable testing on iOS Simulators and helps avoid flaky tests, the same cannot be ensured when running tests on real devices.
It’s not ideally suited for smoke or [regression testing](https://www.pcloudy.com/a-brief-overview-of-regression-testing/#:~:text=Regression%20testing%20ensures%20the%20proper,is%20not%20feasible%20at%20all.) on real devices.
XCUITest currently supports only Objective-C and Swift, limiting its language scope.
It does not provide capabilities for Android automation testing.
Best Practices for XCUITest
The efficiency of your XCUITest automation script largely depends on your test design, implementation, and analysis. Here are some best practices to make your XCUITest automation suites more efficient and stable:
Page Object Model (POM): Page Object Model is a widely used design pattern for test automation that promotes the creation of an object repository to store UI elements. It enhances the maintainability of the tests and reduces code duplication. In the context of XCUITest, you can form Swift classes for each screen in your application, with properties that represent the main elements on the screen.
Descriptive Test Names: Adopt the practice of giving descriptive names to your test methods. The test method names should be self-explanatory and indicative of the test’s function. This allows for easy understanding in case of test failures and better maintainability.
Use Accessibility Identifiers: Employ Accessibility identifiers to locate UI elements in your application. Accessibility identifiers are user-invisible and don’t need localization, providing a robust way to identify elements.
Minimize External Dependencies: Your tests should have minimal dependency on external factors like network conditions or database states. Changes in these conditions may result in test failures.
Deal with Flaky Tests: For tests that intermittently fail, identify the cause of flakiness and address it. If it’s not possible, consider flagging these tests as “flaky” and handle them separately.
Avoid Hardcoding: Refrain from hard-coding values in your tests. Instead, use constants, variables, or data sources which makes your tests more maintainable.
Independent Test Cases: Ensure that each test case is independent of others and does not rely on the state created by other test cases. Independent test cases can be run in isolation, making debugging easier.
UI Test Recorder: XCUITest’s built-in UI test recorder is a useful feature that captures information about UI interactions and the internals of your app. Use this feature to record a test interaction and save it as source code.
Test After Full Display: Since some views may take time to fully display, always wait for the view to completely display before making any assertions.
Specify User Interactions: XCUITest allows you to specify user interactions like tap(), doubleTap(), and twoFingerTap(). With press(), you can specify a duration or both a duration and a dragging target.
Run Web Accessibility Tests: Along with UI testing, run web accessibility tests using the UIAccessibility protocol. This will help you to cater to a larger potential customer base, including people with impairments.
Create a Framework and Guideline: It’s good practice to create a framework and guideline to aid your team in adding more tests.
By adhering to these best practices and patterns, you can optimize the maintainability and reliability of your XCUITest tests, thereby making your testing process more efficient.
Troubleshooting Common XCUITest Issues
In the course of working with XCUITest, you may come across some common issues. Here, we aim to provide solutions to these problems:
Test Execution Failure: At times, XCUITest may fail to execute tests due to issues like unrecognized selectors or unexpected nil values. This can be mitigated by ensuring that your test methods do not contain any parameters and return void.
Interacting with System Alerts: XCUITest may have trouble interacting with system alerts, causing test cases to fail. To handle these alerts, use the addUIInterruptionMonitor(withDescription:handler:) method to set up handlers for expected system alerts.
Accessibility Identifiers not Set: XCUITest may fail to find elements if their accessibility identifiers are not set. Ensure that all UI elements that need to be interacted with have accessibility identifiers.
Advanced XCUITest Techniques
XCUITest not only allows for basic UI testing but also enables users to handle complex testing scenarios. Here are a few examples:
Testing Asynchronous Behavior: Testing asynchronous operations like network requests or timers can be tricky. XCUITest provides XCTestExpectation and the wait(for:timeout:) function that allow for testing asynchronous code by pausing the test execution until a condition is met or a timeout occurs.
Handling System Interruptions: XCUITest can handle system interruptions like alerts and notifications using the addUIInterruptionMonitor(withDescription:handler:) function. This method allows setting up handlers that can dismiss or interact with these alerts, enabling the test to continue.
Screen Interactions: Complex user interactions such as swipes, pinch, drag, or rotate gestures can be simulated using XCUIElement‘s various functions like swipeLeft(), swipeRight(), pinch(withScale:velocity:), and more.
By leveraging these advanced techniques, you can make your tests more robust and simulate a wide variety of user interactions, ensuring a thorough test coverage.
Kickstarting Your Journey with XCUITest: A Primer with pCloudy
XCUITest framework, a native iOS testing utility, has emerged as an optimal choice for automation testing. However, setting up and scaling an in-house Apple device lab can be both challenging and costly. This is where a comprehensive real device cloud platform like pCloudy comes into play. It effectively circumvents the difficulties of creating an in-house device lab by providing a platform to perform XCUITest on real iOS devices anytime, anywhere.
Introducing pCloudy
pCloudy is a globally recognized app testing platform empowering users to perform both manual and automated testing across a vast array of browsers, operating systems, and real device combinations. With pCloudy, organizations can expedite developer feedback on code modifications, thus ensuring a quicker market launch. Today, over a million users from more than 130 countries, including 500+ enterprises, trust pCloudy for their testing requirements.
Embarking on XCUITest Automation with pCloudy
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1,889,732 | Chromium vs. Chrome – What’s the Difference? | Introduction There are a lot of browsers in the market today. But, Google Chrome dominates the... | 0 | 2024-06-15T17:27:07 | https://dev.to/pcloudy_ssts/chromium-vs-chrome-whats-the-difference-165m | downloadpage, chromiumprojectwebsite, realbrowsers, pcloudy | Introduction
There are a lot of browsers in the market today. But, Google Chrome dominates the global browser market despite the diversity of browsers. Chrome is a web browser developed by Google whereas Chromium is an open-source software project also created by Google, whose source code serves as a building ground for many other popular browsers. Chromium vs. Chrome is a common debate. Even though their names look similar and are built by the same developer, they are different in many ways.
Statistics
Google Chrome leads the browser market globally and undoubtedly has been the only browser that has continued to be in the [top position for the past many years](https://www.pcloudy.com/blogs/cross-browser-compatibility-testing/). According to Statcounter’s latest statistics from June 2020 through June 2021, Chrome holds around 65% of the browser market, leaving behind Safari, Edge, Firefox by a major leap. Chromium, on the other hand, has a very niche market chunk with a specific user base. Chrome that way has been enjoying the monopoly in the browser market for as long as anyone can remember. But it is essential to understand the difference between Chrome and Chromium to find out their relevance in different scenarios. Let us unravel the mystery behind Chromium browser vs. Chrome in the forthcoming section of the blog.
Google Chrome vs. Chromium
This section covers Chromium and the difference between Chrome and Chromium from Chromium’s point of view.
What is Chromium browser?
Along with the release of Chrome, Google open-sourced and released a predominant part of the source code and released it as a Chromium project, in September 2008. It is an open-source and free browser released by Google, and its source code was available to the developers to make changes as per their needs. Chromium project has a community of developers, i.e., only the developers from the Chromium Project development community are allowed to make changes to the code. Since Chromium was the basis of Chrome, many developers from the community added proprietary code to Chromium’s source code. This implies that Google Chrome has more features and add-ons than Chromium browser, like:
-Installing automatic browser updates
-Support for Flash Player
-Widevine Digital Rights Management module
-Does not track Usage and Crash reports, and
-API keys for few Google services like browser-sync
-Missing Print Preview and PDF Viewer
There are so many browsers that are developed using Chromium as the basis. Opera, Microsoft Edge, Amazon silk are a few examples of Chromium-based browsers. Some users compile it and release browsers with Chromium Logo and name. Many application frameworks also use the Chromium source code.
How to download Chromium?
The most convenient way to download Chromium is from the Chromium [download page](https://download-chromium.appspot.com/). Once you open the page, it recognizes the Operating system of your machine and provides a suitable version of Chromium. Alternatively, you can select the desired version from the Operating system list provided at the bottom of the page. If you are a Windows or Linux user, you can recover the older Chromium versions by clicking on the Last Known Good Revision link. In the case of Linux, you can install Chromium directly from the Linux distribution software repositories. For installing Chromium on Ubuntu Linux- go to Ubuntu Software Center > Search Chromium > Select and install. The Ubuntu Software Center also provides the latest Chromium security updates.
Pros and Cons of Chromium Browser
PROS CONS
Frequent Updates Manually Download/Install Updates
No Browser Data Tracking No inbuilt Media Codec Support
Open-Source
Since Chromium is a free platform, most people benefit from it, especially advanced users and web developers. Most users like that Chromium does not track the browsing history or share information with Google about the user browsing behavior.
There are no restrictions on adding different types of browser extensions.
Chromium is frequently updated than Chrome, which is a good thing to note, but all those updates have to be downloaded and installed manually.
Unlike Chrome, it does not receive automatic updates. [Chromium Project Website](https://www.chromium.org/) releases the most recent updates on Chromium.
Also, to play media on Chromium, you need certain licensed media codecs like AAC, H.264, and MP3, which Chromium does not support. This implies, if you want to use video streaming apps like Netflix or YouTube, you will have to install these codecs manually, or you will have to switch to Chrome to use these apps.
Chrome and Chromium have a security Sandbox mode, which is disabled in Chromium, by default.
Chromium does not have an inbuilt support system for Flash because Flash is not open-source. And ofcourse, Adobe Flash is not used commonly anymore, but some websites still need it to function properly. If you want an Adobe Flash player in the Chromium browser, you will have to add/write the requisite code for it.
This pretty much encapsulates Chromium’s side of the Chromium vs. Chrome discussion. Now let’s understand Chrome and the difference between Chrome and Chromium from Chrome’s point of view.
What is Chrome?
Chrome is a proprietary browser, developed and managed by Google Inc. Chrome is built on Chromium. It uses Chromium’s source code, with a few additional features. Chrome is a free-to-use web browser, but you cannot make changes to its source code to develop a new program from it. Chrome pushes automatic updates and tracks user browsing history. It even comes with inbuilt Flash support, unlike Chromium. Chrome has continuously topped in the history of web browsers capturing around 65% of the global browser market and remains unstoppable. This also makes it noteworthy to mention that the developers should always test websites that they make on Chrome, including its older and current versions, because not every user upgrades his browser from time to time. But, how would you test websites on Chrome?
You can test a website on different Chrome Versions in many ways. A few of them are:
Downloading Older Chrome Versions– Testers can [test their websites on older Chrome Versions](https://www.pcloudy.com/blogs/cross-browser-compatibility-testing/) to check if they are working as expected. But this is a time-consuming process and unsuitable in the case of managing fast release cycles.
Cloud-based testing Service– [Choosing cloud-based testing platforms](https://www.pcloudy.com/blogs/how-to-accelerate-app-testing-using-continuous-testing-cloud/) like [pCloudy](https://www.pcloudy.com/) would finish half the job. It provides thousands of [real browsers](https://www.pcloudy.com/browser-cloud-scale-cross-browser-testing-to-deliver-quality-desktop-web-apps/) to access different Chrome versions. The process is quite simple. The testers have to choose a preferred Chrome version and real device combination to start testing (manually/automated) the website.
Browser Simulator– Testers can use browser simulators in the initial development phases because the simulation technique does not work well in testing real-time scenarios like checking network connectivity or low battery issues, device location tracking, etc. The end-user will always use the website in real conditions and not in an imaginary scenario. So, simulators are a good option to check non-real aspects only.
Download Free Chromium Vs Chrome Comparison Table
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Email
Download Free Comparison Table
How to download Chrome?
The simplest way to download Chrome is to visit a [Chrome Website ](https://www.google.com/chrome/)> download Chrome > Install Chrome. Depending upon the OS of your device, the website will suggest a compatible version. The download completes in no time.
Pros and Cons of Chrome Browser
PROS CONS
Automatic Updates User Browser Data Tracking
Stable and easy with great UI features No support for additional extensions outside of Chrome Web Store
Inbuilt Media Codec Support
Chrome is a stable and easy-to-use web browser, preferred by most users.
It has a Security Sandbox mode by default, which provides safe browsing, automatic crash reports and updates.
It supports media codecs like MP3, H.264, and AAC
It supports Adobe Flash Player
Chrome tracks the browsing history of its users, which is not preferred by many users. However, the user can utilize the incognito browsing feature available on Chrome, if he wishes that the browser remove his browsing information towards the end of the online session.
Chrome vs Chromium- Difference
Points of Difference Chrome Browser Chromium Browser
Logo It is Colorful, uses 4 colors Red, Yellow, Blue, Green. Different Shades of Blue, and a small white circle outline in the middle.
License Supports Media Codecs: H.264, MP3, and AAC+ Free Codecs: Theora, Opus, WAV, VP8, VP9, and Vorbis +Extra support for HTML5 websites for H.264 Videos Provides 4 free Licenses-Theora, Opus, WAV, VP8, VP9, and Vorbis
Developer Google Inc+ open source contributors Chromium Project
Website [www.google.com/chrome](https://www.google.com/chrome/) [www.chromium.org](https://www.chromium.org/)
Flash Player Inbuilt plugin, can be disabled Needs Plug in
Media Codecs Vorbis, WebM, Theora, AAC, MP3, H.264 WebM, Theora, Vorbis
PDF Viewer Inbuilt plugin, can be disabled Needs Plug in
Automatic Updates Yes No
Software Chrome OS Chromium OS
Print Preview Yes No
Stability Stable than Chromium Crashes, comparatively unstable
Privacy
Chrome tracks user browsing data for personalized ads. Users can use “Incognito Mode” to prevent saving browsing history, cookies, and form data.
Chromium does not include user tracking, making it more privacy-centric. However, it lacks personalized features based on browsing data.
Security Chrome automatically updates regularly, ensuring users always have the latest security patches.
Chromium’s updates have to be manually installed. While it can be secure, it requires more maintenance to stay up-to-date.
User Data Tracking/Crash reports Tracks user data and crash reports Not available
Extension support Only web store extensions allowed Allowed
Sandbox Support Always Enabled Disabled
Adobe Flash Supported Not Supported, but can be installed separately
Web Store Service Available Not Available
Extra Features Built-in support for several technologies + update mechanism+ DRM elements for copyrighted content
No additional features
Performance
Chrome may consume more system resources due to extra features. However, it generally provides a smooth user experience.
Chromium, lacking some features, may be slightly lighter on resources. Performance-wise, both browsers are quite similar.
User Interface
Chrome and Chromium have very similar interfaces. However, Chrome offers additional features like automatic syncing across devices when signed in with a Google account.
Chromium’s interface is very similar to Chrome’s, but it lacks some of the additional features provided by Chrome.
Extension Compatibility Chrome has a larger extension library and automatically updates extensions.
Chromium supports extensions, but not all Chrome extensions work in Chromium. Additionally, updates for extensions must be manually managed
Conclusion
We have discussed various points about the Chromium vs. Chrome debate. Now, which one to choose? It is a tricky question to answer. For Windows and Mac, Chrome is the best option because of its steady release. However, Linux users can go for Chromium but need to beware that it does offer a great range of well-supported media codecs. With no automatic updates, no adobe flash plugin, etc. Several modified Linux-friendly Chromium versions might be able to support these features. Chromium comes as a default browser in many Linux devices nowadays.
After knowing the difference between Chrome and Chromium and their strengths and weaknesses, we can say that choosing between the two browsers depends on your browser needs. Regular users can go for Chrome, whereas advanced users who value privacy should go for Chromium. Hopefully, all the information provided above would have helped you solve the Chromium vs. Chrome mystery. Happy Browsing! | pcloudy_ssts |
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1,889,729 | Getting hands dirty with SOAP | So yeah, I happen to come across an interesting problem of getting my hands dirty with SOAP. SOAP was... | 0 | 2024-06-15T17:22:59 | https://dev.to/nisalap/getting-hands-dirty-with-soap-1gg6 | node, soap, npm, api | So yeah, I happen to come across an interesting problem of getting my hands dirty with SOAP. SOAP was the king of APIs, well that was before REST API came along. If you found this while trying to connect to a SOAP Web Service, let this be a encouragement for you, you will get over it (eventually).
Simple Object Access Protocol (although not very simple when you start on it) is how the APIs were defined back in the day. SOAP Services and Clients were written in Java and C# and as these languages were popular back then they provide very good support in creating clients, letting the developer to traverse the service and ultimately do build what you want. But with present day languages like NodeJS and Python, this proved a little bit difficult when starting out.
The problem I faced was, when trying to connect to a SOAP Web Service through NodeJS. The library of choice was soap and the next in line was strong-soap.
Prior to actually connecting to the “desired” web service it was time to get familiarity with some sample web services that were publicly available.
## Basic Understanding of a SOAP Web Service
If you are familiar with REST APIs, the most popular way of communicating the schema is through OpenAPI specification (Swagger). SOAP Web Services use a WSDL to communicate the specification for the services to integrate.
## WSDL
WSDL (Web Service Definition Language) is a XML document that describes the services and operations (you can think of them as resources and methods in REST). WSDL can have references to the data types/schemas for these operations in the same file or different files called XSD (XML Schema Definition).
Following image relates SOAP terminology to REST.
Some publicly available SOAP API: https://www.postman.com/cs-demo/workspace/public-soap-apis/request/8854915-c9b8614d-2f25-4eb5-9b39-3715b0d04992
## SOAP Message
SOAP Web Services communicate using what is called a SOAP Message which is a XML document. See the example below.
```
<?xml version=”1.0"?>
<soap:Envelope
xmlns:soap=”http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope"
soap:encodingStyle=”http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-encoding">
<soap:Header>
…
</soap:Header>
<soap:Body>
…
<soap:Fault>
…
</soap:Fault>
</soap:Body>
</soap:Envelope>
```
SOAP Envelope is the outer most node and it contains the over all object within it. Main sub nodes of a SOAP message are Header and Body and optionally in case of error you would get Fault. Any SOAP message that you will be sending to the service should be of this format.
## Namespaces
> You got to have the namespaces correct for everything to work.
In the above example SOAP message “soap:Envelope” which is the outermost element or node, separated by a colon, contains two parts.
“soap”: This is the namespace. Namespaces play a significant role. The namespaces should be referenced in the XML element attributes. In the above SOAP message xmlns:soap=“http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope”, “soap” namespace is referenced to a URL. This helps the Web Service locate/verify the element: “Envelope”.
A rule of thumb would be if there is any namespace added to element it should be properly referred to in XML attributes either in the same node or a parent node.
## Header and Body
I am not going to talk in depth about the Header and the Body.
Header (Similar to headers in HTTP? Yes and No, will come to that later) But briefly, Header is where you would have Credentials, TimeStamp, Signatures and other mandatory headers. Header contains the information for the web service to do initial validations of your SOAP message.
Body is where your payload would be. Payload will be encoded in a XML format in a way that the web service understands it.
## Authentication
Authentication is important in any service let it be REST or SOAP. But SOAP is known for its security. So it is a must that you have the authentication right for it to work. Similar to REST APIs, SOAP works with following Basic Authentication, Bearer Authentication, SSL Certificates.
However, SOAP has a defined Security specification WS-Security which imposes stricter rules on how to authenticate. One main way is to use X.509 Certificates for Signatures. This is the method that was used in our use case. Don’t consider this article as a guide on how the signing happen, just a brief guide. Spec here: https://groups.oasis-open.org/higherlogic/ws/public/download/16790/wss-v1.1-spec-os-SOAPMessageSecurity.pdf/latest
Here a digest is generated using a digest algorithm which would be defined in the digest itself, for SOAP Body element and other items such as timestamps separately. Each of them will be referred to the digest using a Id.
Once all the digests are done, the collection of the digests are hashed again using the private key. On the server side this would be decrypted using a public key and compared against the payload.
## Nothing is working
Just glancing through the documents on the internet, I started coding the client to connect to the SOAP service with NodeJS NPM package. Provided the WSDL files, created a client, called the operation … “No Service Configuration” and it says a client error. I never expected the code to work on the first instance, but the assumption was that it would work with few tweaks to the library configurations. Fast forward 4 days we were stuck in the same place.
## Alternatives
There was a second NodeJS package https://www.npmjs.com/package/strong-soap that looks very similar to the previous, so I tried with this library.. still nothing.
## SOAP UI to the Rescue
SOAP UI proved to be of immensely helpful to get started. The client had provided a SOAP UI Project file that we could easily load to SOAP UI and voila … it works like magic. We were able to connect to the service and receiving the response. I was able to look at the XML SOAP message that was working. This was our ticket to the party.
So we had working SOAP message for comparison and the one that was generated by the package. They were different on multiple levels.
By this time I had looked at the soap and saw that it was using axios to send the SOAP message. I used the working SOAP message from SOAP UI and sent the request using axios directly. It worked. So our problem was now with the soap package.
## Debuggers Assemble!
Initial thought, compare the SOAP messages and figure out the differences. So I did just that. Turns out the soap package was adding extra namespaces, missing some namespaces, missing soap headers. The response from the service was not helpful as it was pointing to a Service element missing issue even when we had that in place.
So we started doing all sorts of SOAP Client configuration changes, WSDL configuration changes. List of things we tried to make our SOAP message closer to the working example.
1. Used overrideRootElement to make root element the same.
2. Used ignoredNamespaces to get rid of unwanted namespaces. (Problem was it was getting rid of a required namespace entirely in the SOAP body, see below)
3. Override namespaces in the body using {':name': 'value'} instead of just {name: 'value'} But still we could not get one of the namespaces to show in the XML attributes. so… we hard coded it in the JSON object {':name xmlns=http://namespaces.com/somenamespace': 'value'}
4. Used signerOptionsto setup the SOAP header in WS-Security.
5. Added missing headers with addSoapHeader (SOAP headers had a namespace “a” (“wsa”) which refers to WS-Addressing which was not present in the SOAP message, we added the header fully from the working SOAP message)
Still it was not connecting.
## The Culprit
With all the above changes we were still missing one namespace which is http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2004/08/addressing. Stackoverflow suggested few ways to add, but this (not recommended as we call a private method of the npm package) is the one that worked for us.
```
client['wsdl']['xmlnsInEnvelope'] += 'xmlns:wsa="http://...."'
client['wsdl']._xmlnsMap();
```
and.. Voila
It worked.
Final Words
If there is one thought that went through my head over and over again is, “How priviledged are we to use REST APIs now a days”. While REST APIs are the most popular, there are bigger organizations that still use SOAP APIs as their offering. SOAP is known for its security. So it still is a valid option for organizations who prioritize on security.
Cheers, and that’s how I got my hands dirty with SOAP. | nisalap |
1,889,728 | Types of Mobile Apps: Native, Hybrid, Web and Progressive Web Apps | Gone are the days when only a few could afford a phone with camera, music player, and touchscreen. We... | 0 | 2024-06-15T17:20:11 | https://dev.to/pcloudy_ssts/types-of-mobile-apps-native-hybrid-web-and-progressive-web-apps-264d | gartner, eclipse, xcode, highperformance | Gone are the days when only a few could afford a phone with camera, music player, and touchscreen. We have come a long way from phones with monochrome displays to digital touchscreen phones loaded with umteen features. The digital era has welcomed the smartphone revolution and made it easy to do things on the go. Be it watching movies, reading the news, listening to music, playing games, looking for information, or buying groceries, We are able to get many things done on the go by simply using various apps on our phones, tablets and computer systems. With constant improvements and access to technologies, developing smarter apps has become the goal of the app industry. The app industry has constantly been evolving and bringing in new types of apps to enhance the consumer experience.
Different Types of Mobile Apps for Different Purposes
With the App industry rolling out different types of apps every now and then. It is vital for businesses to keep a close eye on the technologies to leverage the app technologies to build better experiences around customers. A recent report by [Gartner ](https://www.gartner.com/en/newsroom/press-releases/2021-01-12-gartner-predicts-80--of-customer-service-organization)predicted that 80% of the customer service organizations will abandon Native Mobile Apps and favor messaging platforms to provide a richer customer experience. In a world where different types of apps are being developed for different purposes everyday, the need to understand the app dynamics in depth has become a much needed necessity to succeed in the world of apps. While there are many different types of apps out there in the market, we will only focus on understanding Native, Hybrid, Web and Progressive Web Apps (PWAs).
Native Apps:
Native Apps are written in a specific programming language to work on a particular Operating system. A majority of the smartphones either run an Android OS or the iOS if it’s an apple device. Native Apps are specifically built for specific OS to make the most of the functionalities of the devices that run the particular OS. And hence native apps cannot be used on different [types of operating system](https://www.pcloudy.com/android-and-ios-basics-and-comparison/). In other words, iOS apps can’t be used on android phones and vice versa. Since they are specifically built for a particular OS the programming languages that the apps are built in are also specific to the OS. [Xcode ](https://www.pcloudy.com/xcuitest-for-ios-apps-and-how-to-test-with-xcode/)and Objective-C are mainly used for iOS apps, and [Eclipse](https://www.pcloudy.com/pcloudy-plugin-for-eclipse-ide/), and Java are used to build Android apps. Native apps are generally built to make the most of all the features and tools of the phones such as contacts, camera, sensors, etc. Native apps ensure a high performance and elegant user experience as the developers use the native device UI to build apps. Native apps are easily available on the OS specific apps stores. For example you will find native Android apps on Google Play Store, iOS apps on App Store, and windows apps on the microsoft store, etc.
Advantages of native apps:
1. Fast performance due to simple code specific to device and OS.
2. Better use of OS and device specific functionalities.
3. Interactive UI/UX.
4. Lesser compatibility issues and faster to configure.
Disadvantages of native apps:
1. Building OS specific apps can be time-consuming
2. OS specific programming languages like swift and java are hard to learn.
3. Longer release cycles to ensure stability.
4. Requires separate codebase to add new features.
Examples of Native Apps:
Native apps
Testing Native Apps:
Native apps should be thoroughly tested on the specific operating systems they’re designed for. The testing should not only cover functionality but also the app’s compatibility with different OS versions and device hardware. Automated testing tools like Appium or Espresso can expedite this process.
Web Apps
Web apps or mobile web apps work can be accessed from an internet browser window. It does not require any storage space or installation process to use the app. Mobile web apps adapt to various screen sizes and devices easily. The responsiveness and functionality of the web apps could easily be confused with a native app, since both the Native and web apps have almost the same features and responsive nature. One of the major differences between the two, is that native mobile apps can function both in the offline mode without an active internet connection and the online mode, whereas the web apps require an active internet connection for them to work. Since these apps are not installed on the computer or your smartphone, there is no need for updating the web app as they update themselves on the web-hosted servers.
Advantages of web apps:
1. Reduced business cost.
2. No installation needed.
3. Better reach as it can be accessed from anywhere.
4. Always up-to-date.
Disadvantages of web apps:
1. Web apps fail to work when you are offline.
2. Limited number of functionalities as compared to Native apps.
3. It takes a longer time to develop.
4. Security risk.
Examples of Mobile Web Apps:
Mobile web apps
Testing Web Apps:
Testing web apps requires careful attention to cross-browser compatibility, as well as how the app adjusts to different screen sizes and orientations (responsive design). Tools like Selenium can be used for automated testing of web apps.
Hybrid Apps
Hybrid apps combine the best of both native and web apps. The hybrid apps are written using HTML, Javascript, and CSS web technologies and work across devices running different OSs. Development teams will not need to struggle with Objective-C or Swift to build native apps anymore, and use standard web technologies like Javascript, Angular, HTML and CSS. The mobile development framework Cordova wraps the Javascript/HTML code and links the hardware and functions of the device. Hybrid Apps are built on a single platform and distributed across various app stores such as Google Play store or Apple’s app store similar to Native apps. Hybrid apps are best used when you want to build apps that do not require [high-performance](https://www.pcloudy.com/mobile-app-performance-monitoring-basics-to-advanced/), full device access apps. Native apps still have an edge over hybrid apps since they are device and OS focused apps are suitable for high performance.
Here is a helpful comparison table of the different types of apps available
Name
Email
Advantages of hybrid apps:
1. Easy to build
2. Shareable code makes it cheaper than a native app
3. Easy to push new features since it uses a single code base.
4. Can work offline.
5. Shorter time to market, as the app can be deployed for multiple OSs.
Disadvantages of Hybrid apps:
1. Complex apps with many functions will slow down the app.
2. More expensive than web apps
3. Less interactive than native apps
4. Apps cannot perform OS specific tasks
Examples of Hybrid Apps:
Hybrid apps
Testing Hybrid Apps:
For hybrid apps, testing must ensure that the application functions correctly on each target platform and is efficiently utilizing the device’s resources. Automated testing tools like Appium can be employed for this purpose.
Progressive Web Apps
Progressive Web Apps (PWAs) are extensions of the website that you can save on your computer systems or devices and use like an app. PWAs use web browser APIs and functionalities to bring a native app-like experience across devices. It is a type of a webpage that can be added onto your devices or computer systems to mimic a web application. The PWAs run fast regardless of the Operating Systems and devices types.
Advantages of Progressive web apps:
1. They use very little data – An app which takes close to 10 MBs as a native app, can be reduced to about 500KB when made a PWA.
2. PWAs get updated like web-pages. They automatically get updated every time you use them.
3. There is no need for installation as PWAs are simple web-pages. Users choose to ‘install’ when they like it.
4. You can easily share PWAs by simply sending its URL.
Disadvantages of progressive apps:
1. There are limitations to using all the Hardware and Operating Systems features.
2. PWAs can pose a few hardware integration problems.
3. Full support is not available in default browsers of some of the manufacturer’s.
4. It cannot use the latest hardware advancements (like fingerprint scanner).
5. Key re-engagement features are limited to Android, such as add to home screen, notifications etc.
Examples of Progressive Web Apps:
Testing PWAs:
Testing of PWAs should verify that they perform efficiently across different devices and browsers. One must also test the offline functionality and the update process. Tools like Lighthouse can help in auditing the performance of PWAs.
Audience Targeting and App Selection:
Understanding your target audience is a vital aspect of deciding which type of app to develop. If your audience has limited data availability and prefers to use the app offline, a native or hybrid app would be a better choice. Conversely, if they have constant high-speed internet access and use a variety of devices, a PWA or web app may be more suitable.
Conclusion
Native, Hybrid, and PWA apps each have their set benefits and flaws. Depending on the requirements of the business, you will need to take a call as to which type of app you would like to build. The key to using the different types of applications solely depends on the features, requirements, and purpose of the app you are building. And each of the App types brings its own advantages to the table. We hope you make the most of the information provided here and test the apps thoroughly before releasing them. | pcloudy_ssts |
1,889,726 | Ensuring Secure Connections: How the Get-VPNConnectionInfo Function Identifies VPN Usage | Get-VPNConnectionInfo Overview The Get-VPNConnectionInfo function checks if the... | 0 | 2024-06-15T17:15:16 | https://dev.to/uyriq/ensuring-secure-connections-how-the-get-vpnconnectioninfo-function-identifies-vpn-usage-1i47 | powershell, networking, vpn | # Get-VPNConnectionInfo
## Overview
The `Get-VPNConnectionInfo ` function checks if the current internet connection is made through one of the known VPN providers. It fetches the current IP information from ipapi.co and compares the organization name (org field) against a predefined list of VPN providers.
## Requirements
- PowerShell 5.1 or higher.
- An Internet connection to perform queries to `ipapi.co`.
- `knownVPNproviders.json` file in the same directory as the script.
## The format of the `knownVPNproviders.json` file.
This JSON file should contain an array of strings, each representing the name of a VPN provider recognized in the `org` field of a response from `ipapi.co` or `ipinfo.io` or other similar online services. The file should be structured as follows:
```json
["VPNProviderName1", "VPNProviderName2", "VPNProviderName3"]
```
Replace ``"VPNProviderName1"`, ``"VPNProviderName2"`, and ``"VPNProviderName3"` with the real names of the VPN providers you want to recognize. This can be your employer's VPN provider, a personal VPN service, or any other VPN provider you want to discover. The main thing is that this provider should provide specific information in the org field for whois services like ipapi.co/ipinfo.io. So if the org field is empty or non-unique. it can be confusing. but this doesn't happen very often.
## Usage.
1. Make sure that the `Get-VPNConnectionInfo` function and the `knownVPNproviders.json` file are in the same directory.
2. Create the `Get-VPNConnectionInfo.ps1` script file in a PowerShell session. You can do this by navigating to the script directory and running the `. .\Get-VPNConnectionInfo.ps1` command.
3. Call the function with `Get-VPNConnectionInfo`.
## Adding it to a PowerShell profile
For convenience, you can add the function to your PowerShell profile so that it is automatically available in every session:
1. Open the PowerShell profile file for editing. If you do not know where it is located, find it by typing `$PROFILE` in the PowerShell window.
2. Add the following line to the profile file:
```powershell
. "C:\path\to\to\Get-VPNConnectionInfo.ps1"
```
Replace "C:\path\to\to\Get-VPNConnectionInfo.ps1" with the actual path to your script.
3. Save the profile file and restart PowerShell.
The `Get-VPNConnectionInfo` function will now be available in every session.
## Function Details.
- **Input:** None.
- **Output:** A custom PowerShell object with the following properties:
- `connectedVPN`: a boolean value indicating whether or not the current connection is being made through a known VPN provider.
- `connect_info`: An object containing information about the IP connection, including the name of a potentially suitable VPN provider. You can assume that if the provider name includes the word VPN, it is a suitable service.
The published code has an open license. If you have suggestions, pull requests are welcome.
{% embed https://gist.github.com/uyriq/bea94963409c17c7aab60134b895b5ae %} | uyriq |
1,889,725 | Parameterization with DataProvider in TestNG | Overview Parameterization in TestNG is also known as Parametric Testing which allows testing an... | 0 | 2024-06-15T17:14:00 | https://dev.to/pcloudy_ssts/parameterization-with-dataprovider-in-testng-38dh | testngframework, dataproviderintestng, rapidtestautomation | Overview
Parameterization in TestNG is also known as Parametric Testing which allows testing an application against multiple test data and configurations. Though we have to consider the fact that exhaustive testing is impossible, however, it is necessary to check the behavior of our application against different sets of data that an end-user can pass. Time and manual effort saving have always been a primary reason for automating an application against all possible data combinations.
Hardcoding the test values every time in our test scripts is never said to be a good automation practice. To overcome this, the [TestNG framework](https://www.pcloudy.com/integration-of-testng-framework-with-pcloudy-device-lab/) helps us with a parameterization feature in which we can parameterize different test values and even keep our test data separate from our test scripts.
Let’s consider an example that highlights the need for parameterization in test automation.
There are various websites that behave differently depending upon the different data entered by different end-users. Suppose, there’s a flight ticket booking web application which the end-users are using to check the flight availability for desired dates. We expect our application to show appropriate results according to the different places of origin and destination that the user enters. Hence, to test our application, we would pass different test data against the source and destination place to check if our application gives the correct results instead of the incorrect ones.
Parameterization in TestNG can be achieved in two ways:
Using Parameter annotation with TestNG.xml file
Using DataProvider annotation
In this article, we would be primarily focusing on the use of DataProvider in TestNG.
Significance of DataProvider in TestNG
Many times it so happens that we have to run our test methods against a huge set of test data to monitor application variant responses. In such cases, creating test scripts using @Parameter annotation with XML file might become a tedious process. To bypass this TestNG comes with @DataProvider annotation which helps us to achieve Data-Driven Testing of our application.
The DataProvider in TestNG prepares a list of test data and returns an array object of the same.
It is highly recommended to create a separate class file for TestNG DataProvider, this helps in maintaining the huge test data separately. If the test data values are small in number then you can also setup DataProvider in the same java file in which you have created your test cases.
Syntax of TestNG DataProvider
@DataProvider(name = “data - provider - name”, parallel = true)
public Object[][] supplyTestData() {
return new Object[][] {
{“
First - test - value”
}, {“
Second - test - value”
}
}
}
Different components of the above syntax:
The data provider method is set as a separate function from a test method, hence, it is marked with a @DataProvider annotation with below default parameters provided by TestNG:
name: This highlights the name of a particular data provider. Further, this name is used with the @Test annotated method that wants to receive data from the @DataProvider. If the name parameter is not set in @DataProvider, then the name of this data provider will be automatically set as the name of the method.
parallel: If this is set as true, the test method receiving value from the data provider will run in parallel. The default value is false.
Since the TestNG DataProvider method returns a 2D list of objects, it is mandatory to create a data provider method of Object[][] type.
Note: To use DataProvider in TestNG, we need to import TestNG library: org.testng.annotations.DataProvider
Using DataProvider in TestNG framework
Now that we have understood the basic use of TestNG DataProvider, let’s have a look at some practical examples of flight ticket booking with the test data of multiple sources and destinations.
Java Test Class:
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions;
import org.testng.annotations.AfterMethod;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeMethod;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
import io.github.bonigarcia.wdm.WebDriverManager;
public class SampleTestNgTest {
private WebDriver driver;
@BeforeMethod
public void setup() {
WebDriverManager.chromedriver().setup();
ChromeOptions ops = new ChromeOptions();
ops.addArguments(“–disable - notifications”);
driver = new ChromeDriver(ops);
driver.get(“https: //www.easemytrip.com/”);
driver.manage().window().maximize();
}
@Test(dataProvider = “travel - source - destination”, dataProviderClass = TravelDataProvider.class)
public void travel(String mySource, String myDestination) throws InterruptedException {
WebElement source = driver.findElement(By.id(“FromSector_show”));
source.clear();
source.sendKeys(mySource);
WebElement destination = driver.findElement(By.id(“Editbox13_show”));
destination.clear();
destination.sendKeys(myDestination);
Thread.sleep(2000);
WebElement searchButton = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(“#search > input”));
searchButton.click();
String actualTitle = driver.getTitle();
System.out.println(“Title
for source: ”+mySource + ”and destination: ”+myDestination + ” = ”+actualTitle);
}
@AfterMethod
public void tearDown() throws InterruptedException {
Thread.sleep(2000);
driver.quit();
}
}
Code Walkthrough:
In the above code, we have used TestNG DataProvider attributes as the parameters of Test annotation. Since we have created a separate class for DataProvider, it is necessary to provide the DataProvider name and class. The “travel” method parameters will automatically pick the values from the DataProvider list in the same order as they are defined. Please make sure that you are using the same DataProvider name in the Test annotation parameter else your test script would fail to execute.
If you are creating a DataProvider object list in the same java class in which you have created your test cases, then passing the DataProvider class name becomes optional in the Test annotation.
DataProvider Class:
import org.testng.annotations.DataProvider;
public class TravelDataProvider {
@DataProvider(name = “travel - source - destination”)
public static Object[][] dataProviderMethod() {
return new Object[][] {
{“
Delhi”,
”Singapore”
}, {“
Delhi”,
”Mumbai”
}
};
}
}
Code Walkthrough:
Here we have created a simple DataProvider list for supplying multiple test data for our test automation. As mentioned above, DataProvider returns a 2-dimensional array object. We have used @DataProvider annotation here along with its “name” parameter, the same name has been used in our Test annotation parameter “dataProvider” in the previously linked code. Since we have created a data provider method in a separate class, it is mandatory to make the data provider method as static and use the “dataProviderClass” parameter to define the data provider class.
Console Output:
Types of Parameters Used in TestNG DataProviders
TestNG supports two types of parameters that can be used with data provider methods for greater flexibility of our automation scripts.
Method: To fulfill a scenario where we can use the same data provider method to supply different test data to different test methods, the method parameter can be deemed beneficial. Let’s try this with an example:
Java Test Class:
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions;
import org.testng.annotations.AfterMethod;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeMethod;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
import io.github.bonigarcia.wdm.WebDriverManager;
public class SampleTestNgTest {
private WebDriver driver;
@BeforeMethod
public void setup() {
WebDriverManager.chromedriver().setup();
ChromeOptions ops = new ChromeOptions();
ops.addArguments(“–disable - notifications”);
driver = new ChromeDriver(ops);
driver.get(“https: //www.easemytrip.com/”);
driver.manage().window().maximize();
}
@Test(dataProvider = “travel - source - destination”, dataProviderClass = TravelDataProvider.class)
public void domesticTravel(String mySource, String myDestination) throws InterruptedException {
WebElement source = driver.findElement(By.id(“FromSector_show”));
source.clear();
source.sendKeys(mySource);
WebElement destination = driver.findElement(By.id(“Editbox13_show”));
destination.clear();
destination.sendKeys(myDestination);
Thread.sleep(2000);
WebElement searchButton = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(“#search > input”));
searchButton.click();
String actualTitle = driver.getTitle();
System.out.println(“Title
for source: ”+mySource + ”and destination: ”+myDestination + ” = ”+actualTitle);
}
@Test(dataProvider = “travel - source - destination”, dataProviderClass = TravelDataProvider.class)
public void internationalTravel(String mySource, String myDestination) throws InterruptedException {
WebElement source = driver.findElement(By.id(“FromSector_show”));
source.clear();
source.sendKeys(mySource);
WebElement destination = driver.findElement(By.id(“Editbox13_show”));
destination.clear();
destination.sendKeys(myDestination);
Thread.sleep(2000);
WebElement searchButton = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(“#search > input”));
searchButton.click();
String actualTitle = driver.getTitle();
System.out.println(“Title
for source: ”+mySource + ”and destination: ”+myDestination + ” = ”+actualTitle);
}
@AfterMethod
public void tearDown() throws InterruptedException {
Thread.sleep(2000);
driver.quit();
}
}
DataProvider Class:
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import org.testng.annotations.DataProvider;
public class TravelDataProvider {
@DataProvider(name = “travel - source - destination”)
public static Object[][] dataProviderMethod(Method m) {
if (m.getName().equalsIgnoreCase(“domesticTravel”)) {
return new Object[][] {
{“
Delhi”,
”Goa”
}, {“
Delhi”,
”Mumbai”
}
};
} else {
return new Object[][] {
{“
Delhi”,
”Sydney”
}, {“
Delhi”,
”Berlin”
}
};
}
}
}
Code Walkthrough and Output:
In this example, we have used the Method parameter to extract the name of the test method. Once extracted, we can return conditional test data for each test method.
Firstly, we have checked if our test method name is “domesticTravel”, if yes, then source and destination data are being supplied according to domestic places, else the data is being supplied according to international places.
ITestContext: Many times we divide our test methods based on TestNG groups. In such a case, we might need different test data for different groups. TestNG DataProvider provides an advantage to cover such a scenario in just a single data provider method instead of creating a separate data provider method for supplying different test data to different groups. Let’s understand this with an example.
Java Test Class
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions;
import org.testng.annotations.AfterMethod;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeMethod;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
import io.github.bonigarcia.wdm.WebDriverManager;
public class SampleTestNgTest {
private WebDriver driver;
@BeforeMethod(groups = {“
domestic”,
”international”
})
public void setup() {
WebDriverManager.chromedriver().setup();
ChromeOptions ops = new ChromeOptions();
ops.addArguments(“–disable - notifications”);
driver = new ChromeDriver(ops);
driver.get(“https: //www.easemytrip.com/”);
driver.manage().window().maximize();
}
@Test(groups = “domestic”, dataProvider = “travel - source - destination”, dataProviderClass = TravelDataProvider.class)
public void domesticTravel(String mySource, String myDestination) throws InterruptedException {
WebElement source = driver.findElement(By.id(“FromSector_show”));
source.clear();
source.sendKeys(mySource);
WebElement destination = driver.findElement(By.id(“Editbox13_show”));
destination.clear();
destination.sendKeys(myDestination);
Thread.sleep(2000);
WebElement searchButton = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(“#search > input”));
searchButton.click();
String actualTitle = driver.getTitle();
System.out.println(“Title
for source: ”+mySource + ”and destination: ”+myDestination + ” = ”+actualTitle);
}
@Test(groups = “international”, dataProvider = “travel - source - destination”, dataProviderClass = TravelDataProvider.class)
public void internationalTravel(String mySource, String myDestination) throws InterruptedException {
WebElement source = driver.findElement(By.id(“FromSector_show”));
source.clear();
source.sendKeys(mySource);
WebElement destination = driver.findElement(By.id(“Editbox13_show”));
destination.clear();
destination.sendKeys(myDestination);
Thread.sleep(2000);
WebElement searchButton = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(“#search > input”));
searchButton.click();
String actualTitle = driver.getTitle();
System.out.println(“Title
for source: ”+mySource + ”and destination: ”+myDestination + ” = ”+actualTitle);
}
@AfterMethod(groups = {“
domestic”,
”international”
})
public void tearDown() throws InterruptedException {
Thread.sleep(2000);
driver.quit();
}
}
DataProvider Class
import org.testng.ITestContext;
import org.testng.annotations.DataProvider;
public class TravelDataProvider {
public static Object[][] travelData = null;
@DataProvider(name = “travel - source - destination”)
public static Object[][] dataProviderMethod(ITestContext c) {
for (String group: c.getIncludedGroups()) {
if (group.equalsIgnoreCase(“domestic”)) {
travelData = new Object[][] {
{“
Delhi”,
”Goa”
}, {“
Delhi”,
”Mumbai”
}
};
break;
} else if (group.equalsIgnoreCase(“international”)) {
travelData = new Object[][] {
{“
Delhi”,
”Sydney”
}, {“
Delhi”,
”Berlin”
}
};
break;
}
}
return travelData;
}
}
TestNG.xml
<< ? xml version = ”1.0″ encoding = ”UTF - 8″ ? >
<
!DOCTYPE suite SYSTEM“ http : //beust.com/testng/testng-1.0.dtd” >
<
suite name = ”travel - test - suite” >
<
test name = ”Domestic Travel Test” >
<
groups >
<
run >
<
include name = ”domestic” / >
<
/run> <
/groups>
<
classes >
<
class
name = ”main.java.src.SampleTestNgTest” / >
<
/classes>
<
/test>
<
test name = ”International Travel Test” >
<
groups >
<
run >
<
include name = ”international” / >
<
/run> <
/groups>
<
classes >
<
class
name = ”main.java.src.SampleTestNgTest” / >
<
/classes>
<
/test>
<
/suite>
Code Walkthrough and Output:
In the above code- java test class, we have divided our test methods based on the group so that each group gets executed with different test data using a single data provider method.
In the TestNG data provider method, we have used the ITextContext interface to fetch the group name of each test method. Once fetched, the test method can be executed with multiple sets of data. One completely unique part that we have proposed with this method is to create a TestNG xml file. The purpose of creating an xml file is to command TestNG which test groups need to be executed and which test groups need to be ignored. In the testng.xml file, we have used a <groups> tag to include groups that need to be executed.
Note: Running group based tests directly from the java test class will throw an error. The java test class will first call a [dataprovider in TestNG](https://www.pcloudy.com/blogs/parameterization-with-dataprovider-in-testng/) which currently doesn’t have any group information. Hence, it is important to execute group based tests from an xml file where we can define our group’s tag to provide test group information.
Tips and Best Practices:
Keep DataProviders simple: A DataProvider method should only be concerned with providing data. Any complex logic or computations should be avoided.
Separate data and tests: Maintain a clear separation between your test data and test methods. This makes your tests cleaner and easier to manage.
Watch out for memory usage: If your DataProvider generates a large amount of data, it could lead to high memory consumption as all the data is loaded into memory before any tests are run. Consider splitting the data across multiple DataProviders or using lazy loading techniques.
Name your DataProviders: It is a good practice to name your DataProviders. This increases the readability of your tests and allows you to share DataProviders across classes.
Conclusion
The use of parameterization in TestNG gives you the power to perform data-driven testing more efficiently. Defining the parameters beforehand will allow you to use different test inputs of a single test suite instead of writing multiple test automation scripts. Which in turn makes it easier to maintain the test automation code. Here is another helpful resource below that helps with understanding various [rapid test automation ](https://www.pcloudy.com/rapid-automation-testing/)techniques. | pcloudy_ssts |
1,889,717 | Use ruby-lsp plugins without modifying the project's Gemfile | First, avoid including editor-specific configuration files in the project. # .gitignore OR... | 0 | 2024-06-15T17:12:52 | https://dev.to/r7kamura/use-ruby-lsp-plugins-without-modifying-the-projects-gemfile-4i93 | ruby | ---
title: Use ruby-lsp plugins without modifying the project's Gemfile
published: true
description:
tags: ruby
# cover_image: https://direct_url_to_image.jpg
# Use a ratio of 100:42 for best results.
# published_at: 2024-06-15 16:18 +0000
---
First, avoid including editor-specific configuration files in the project.
```shell
# .gitignore OR .git/info/exclude
.vscode
```
Next, prepare a Gemfile for ruby-lsp in the gitignored directory. If .ruby-lsp/Gemfile already exists, you can copy and paste and edit it. In this example, I will introduce a new plugin called ruby-lsp-rspec.
```ruby
# .vscode/Gemfile
eval_gemfile(
File.expand_path(
'../Gemfile',
__dir__
)
)
group :development do
gem "ruby-lsp", require: false
gem "ruby-lsp-rails", require: false
gem "ruby-lsp-rspec", require: false
end
```
Finally, change the configuration of ruby-lsp to specify the path to the Gemfile. This may be set from the GUI.
```jsonc
// .vscode/settings.json
{
"rubyLsp.bundleGemfile": ".vscode/Gemfile"
}
```
Reloading the workspace will reflect the settings; you can also use VSCode's reloadWindow command. Currently, ruby-lsp seems to have a bug that an error occurs if this setting is changed at startup, in which case you can reload it twice. | r7kamura |
1,889,724 | What sets this gaming platform apart as a game host in the mobile gaming industry? | Nostra has distinguished itself as a premier game host in the mobile gaming industry, offering an... | 0 | 2024-06-15T17:11:44 | https://dev.to/claywinston/what-sets-this-gaming-platform-apart-as-a-game-host-in-the-mobile-gaming-industry-2lnf | mobilegames, gamedev, androidgames, games | [Nostra](https://medium.com/@adreeshelk/publishing-on-a-robust-gaming-platform-key-considerations-for-developers-1c8888f80d91?utm_source=referral&utm_medium=Medium&utm_campaign=Nostra) has distinguished itself as a premier game host in the mobile gaming industry, offering an unparalleled experience for both players and developers. As a game host, Nostra provides a seamless and user-friendly platform that allows gamers to access a wide variety of high-quality titles instantly from their Android device's lock screen. This innovative approach to game hosting eliminates the need for downloads or installations, making it easier than ever for players to dive into their favorite games. Moreover, [Nostra's](https://nostra.gg/articles/lock-screen-games-the-future-of-mobile-gaming.html?utm_source=referral&utm_medium=article&utm_campaign=Nostra) advanced game hosting technology ensures smooth, lag-free performance, delivering a top-notch gaming experience across a range of devices. For developers, this game host offers a robust set of tools, APIs, and support services that streamline the process of publishing and monetizing their games. With its commitment to quality, innovation, and developer empowerment,[ Nostra](https://medium.com/@adreeshelk/creating-vivid-ongoing-interaction-encounters-with-nostra-games-d12e7e8593ba?utm_source=referral&utm_medium=Medium&utm_campaign=Nostra) has emerged as a leading game host, setting new standards for excellence in the mobile gaming industry. | claywinston |
1,889,723 | Tuan Simon | Bức tranh cuộc đời tôi còn dang dở, nhưng tôi tin rằng với mỗi nét vẽ mỗi ngày, nó sẽ dần hoàn thiện... | 0 | 2024-06-15T17:10:33 | https://dev.to/zgtuansimon/tuan-simon-34lk | Bức tranh cuộc đời tôi còn dang dở, nhưng tôi tin rằng với mỗi nét vẽ mỗi ngày, nó sẽ dần hoàn thiện và trở nên rực rỡ nhất.
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| zgtuansimon | |
1,889,721 | Idempotency | This is a submission for DEV Computer Science Challenge v24.06.12: One Byte Explainer. ... | 0 | 2024-06-15T17:09:44 | https://dev.to/xapuu/idempotency-3mag | devchallenge, cschallenge, computerscience, beginners | ---
title: Idempotency
published: true
tags: devchallenge, cschallenge, computerscience, beginners
cover_image: https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/myycc3wy752xcxm5485z.png
---
*This is a submission for [DEV Computer Science Challenge v24.06.12: One Byte Explainer](https://dev.to/challenges/cs).*
## Explainer
<!-- Explain a computer science concept in 256 characters or less. -->
Idempotent operation is such a function that no matter how many times it is executed it will always produce the same output. For example get methods are idempotent, no matter how many times you fetch a user '/user/1' you will always receive the same user.
<!-- Please share any additional context you think the judges should take into consideration as it relates to your One Byte Explainer. -->
<!-- Team Submissions: Please pick one member to publish the submission and credit teammates by listing their DEV usernames directly in the body of the post. -->
<!-- Don't forget to add a cover image to your post (if you want). -->
<!-- Thanks for participating! --> | xapuu |
1,889,722 | Understanding Cross Browser Testing and Responsive Testing | Introduction The Internet is inevitable in the current time. It is everywhere and the entire world... | 0 | 2024-06-15T17:07:27 | https://dev.to/pcloudy_ssts/understanding-cross-browser-testing-and-responsive-testing-2e8c | paralleltests, testreporting, automationtesting | Introduction
The Internet is inevitable in the current time. It is everywhere and the entire world depends on it to function, perform day-to-day activities and stay connected with people from different corners of the world. Gone are the days when testers only chose to create websites for selected browsers and hardly faced issues maintaining a website on a few browsers. As the technology matured, many significant players entered the browser market. Even the users evolved, became tech-savvy, and improved their browsing habits. Now was a time when businesses were in critical [need of cross-browser testing](https://www.pcloudy.com/5-reasons-why-testing-is-incomplete-without-cross-browser-tests/) and responsive testing to stay ahead of the competition. Cross browser testing focuses on the overall functionality of the website, [responsive web testing](https://www.pcloudy.com/blogs/responsive-web-design-testing/) verifies the look and feel of the web application. Cross browser testing deals with the analysis of the web browsers that their users use, responsive testing deals with the devices where the companies user base visit the websites. Let us shed some light and understand cross browser testing and responsive testing in detail.
What is Cross Browser testing?
We all know that testing [cross browser compatibility of websites](https://www.pcloudy.com/blogs/testing-fragmentation-and-need-for-cross-browser-compatibility-testing/)“ is of utmost importance. It helps understand how stable your web application is across various technologies, browsers, operating systems and devices. The reason behind the adoption of [cross browser testing is to provide a better user experience](https://www.pcloudy.com/blogs/how-does-cross-browser-testing-improve-the-user-experience/) irrespective of which browser-OS-device combination your users use to access your website. In [cross browser testing](https://www.pcloudy.com/browser-cloud-scale-cross-browser-testing-to-deliver-quality-desktop-web-apps/), the testers generally validate the functionality of the web application and make sure its user-friendliness and performance are up to the mark across the web browsers, as intended. Businesses can also take the help of cloud-based [automated cross browser testing](https://www.pcloudy.com/why-choose-automation-for-cross-browser-testing/) tools to have access to a wide range of real devices to test their web and mobile applications. Different browser engines render websites differently; even the version of each browser renders the code uniquely. It means the code behind the websites is read differently by every browser. So, various [cross browser testing strategies](https://www.pcloudy.com/blogs/top-8-strategies-for-successful-cross-browser-testing/) are critical for website accessibility. It is how different browsers render a web page:
Importance of Cross browser testing
Developers put in a lot of effort to build a website and imagine if they created an impeccable website for one browser, but it failed to perform on the other browsers, all the efforts go in vain. If you do not perform cross browser testing for your websites before releasing them for final use, this will undoubtedly lead to a bad user experience. It will impact the user base; users might leave your website due to a bad experience. To retain your customers, you must provide an incredible and consistent user experience so that they do not switch to the competitor’s website. Cross browser testing will ensure that all of this is achieved for better accessibility to users.
Cross Browser Testing can be performed either manually or automatically. Both have their respective advantages. [Automated cross browser testing](https://www.pcloudy.com/blogs/tips-to-enhance-your-cross-browser-testing-with-minimal-effort/) helps in eliminating repetitive test cases and expedites the resting process. Manual cross browser testing helps the testers create better test scenarios to generate automated test scripts.
What is responsive testing?
Ethan Marcotte was an independent web designer who coined the term web responsive design in 2010. He explained that responsive design and development of web pages should be done in such a way that it behaves well on all types of devices, sizes, layouts, platforms, etc. Time has changed. Earlier, there were limited browsers, so testing them was easy, but today most users browse the internet on mobile devices, tabs, etc. So to ensure that your website has a mobile/ tab version that responds well to the mobile/tab device. There are so many web technologies that are used to create web applications. Web technologies in the present time have become so strong that they changed the way browsers are used to render the website code. It involves HTML, JS, CSS code, which is responsible for rendering content on different devices as the user prefers to access website content.
Download a free Responsive Testing Checklist for improving User
Name
Email
Responsive testing is a process that renders web pages on viewports of multiple devices using CSS media queries based on the user device where the website is accessed. In simple terms, responsive testing ensures how responsive web design is optimized well for all types of screen sizes and resolutions. A business that owns a website that works well on all screen sizes, has more chances of capturing the user base and remains ahead of the competition. There are several components of responsive web design like flexible layout design, media queries, media and typography which are taken care of while designing the website. Responsive design involves the practice of building flexible layouts using flexible grids. It allows auto-adjusting the size whenever the website dynamics like width, margins, length, etc., change. No matter how easy it may seem, incorporating responsive design in an ongoing project is quite difficult. It is better to follow its guidelines before starting any project.
Responsive design testing is the last stage of testing as per the guidelines of responsive web design. Cross Browser testing and responsive testing can use the same tools to perform testing. Both Cross Browser Testing and Responsive testing are responsible for enhancing the UI and UX. Responsive testing is so powerful that it can detect the unresponsiveness of the web page and flexibly adjust the web pages as per the changes in the screen resolution. Below is how an unresponsive website looks on different devices.
Cross Browser Testing and Responsive testing
Importance of Responsive Design Testing
There are a variety of devices used today to access the internet. The number of internet-enabled mobile devices is constantly rising for performing different activities like browsing, online shopping, accessing social networks, entertainment, etc. So, it becomes essential to [test your website usability](https://www.pcloudy.com/blogs/how-to-test-and-improve-website-usability/) and compatibility across different mobile devices. For best user experience, perform responsive design testing for checking the following aspects:
Check all links and URLs on different browsers and devices
Check how the websites load on different devices
Check the changes in the web content as the screen resolution changes
We have detailed information about Cross Browser testing and responsive testing, but it is still necessary to understand which one to choose. It is important to note that no matter how unique their role is, they have a common purpose, i.e., creating a great user experience. Whenever you perform cross browser testing, you should always adhere to the principles of responsive design. Testers should make use of cross browser testing wherever any platform-related risks are identified. Whereas to test specific responsive web design features, they should utilize responsive web design testing to test standard web design features.
How can I test if my website is responsive?
There are many tools available in the market to check the responsiveness of the browser. Let us see how to check the responsiveness of the website on Google Chrome.
Open the website you want to visit on the Google Chrome Tab
Right Click on the Homepage to open a drop-down Menu
Click on the “Inspect” option from the list
Click on the Toggle Device tool on the top left of the open ‘Inspect’ screen (marked in Red in the picture below:
Now, you can see how your website looks on different screen sizes/devices by clicking on the toggle icon.
The common goal of Cross Browser Testing and Responsive Testing
Cross Browser Testing and Responsive Testing serve towards the common goal of [providing a seamless consumer experience](https://www.pcloudy.com/blogs/consumer-experience-and-its-importance-in-app-testing/). Responsive web testing is an integral part of the cross browser testing process. pCloudy is a cloud-based cross browser testing platform (manual/automation) that provides access to thousands of real devices and browsers so that the testers can keep an eye on the website performance on a real-time basis and handle any cross browser compatibility issue. The tools help perform live testing on virtual machines based on different browser-OS-device combinations.
[Automation testing](https://www.pcloudy.com/blogs/all-you-need-to-know-about-automation-testing-life-cycle/) helps running [parallel tests](https://www.pcloudy.com/parallel-testing/), helps to maintain network logs, take screenshots, video recording, etc. On top of this, it helps create [test reporting](https://www.pcloudy.com/blogs/test-reporting-and-its-significance-in-continuous-testing/) to keep a record of all test cases execution. It is suggested that organizations create a balanced mix of browsers relevant to your business to [perform cross browser compatibility testing](https://www.pcloudy.com/blogs/cross-browser-compatibility-testing/) of your business’ website on all device-browser-OS combinations.
Challenges in Cross-Browser and Responsive Testing and How to Overcome Them :
While cross-browser testing and responsive testing are crucial components in the web development process, they do come with their set of challenges.
Multiple Browser/Device Combinations: With countless browser versions and an ever-growing list of devices, testing every single combination can be time-consuming and practically unfeasible. Automation testing tools can assist in handling this complexity by performing simultaneous testing on different combinations.
Keeping Up With New Releases: Browser vendors frequently release new versions, and new devices with different screen sizes are constantly hitting the market. It’s essential to keep your testing tools and practices up-to-date to cover these new releases.
Diverse User Preferences: Users customize their browser settings according to their preferences, which adds another layer of complexity to testing. A sound understanding of your user base and extensive user scenario testing can help to accommodate this diversity.
Adapting to Different Network Conditions: Network speed and stability can significantly impact a website’s performance. Testing should be performed under various network conditions to ensure optimal site performance under all circumstances.
Strategies to Overcome These Challenges
Leveraging Cloud-Based Testing Platforms: Cloud-based testing platforms offer access to a broad range of browsers, devices, and operating systems, which can help manage the multiplicity of testing scenarios.
Prioritizing Based on User Analytics: Analytics data can provide valuable insights into the most commonly used devices, browsers, and operating systems among your user base. Prioritize testing on these combinations to ensure the best experience for the majority of your users.
Regularly Updating Testing Tools: As browsers update and new devices enter the market, it’s essential to keep testing tools up-to-date. Automated testing tools often have built-in mechanisms for updating to accommodate new browser versions and devices.
Simulate Different Network Conditions: Use testing tools that can simulate different network conditions to ensure your site performs well even under less-than-ideal network conditions.
Conclusion
Browsers are continuously being updated and to make your website compatible with every possible update that happens, cross browser testing plays a critical role. Web design responsiveness is covered as a part of [Cross browser Compatibility issues](https://www.pcloudy.com/blogs/major-cross-browser-compatibility-issues-faced-by-the-developers/). Both Cross browser and responsive design testing are responsible for offering an incredible user experience. Whenever any new project is introduced, the testing team should always follow the responsive design guidelines while designing a website to make the website cross browser compatible and responsive across different browser-device-OS combinations.
| pcloudy_ssts |
1,889,719 | Buy verified cash app account | https://dmhelpshop.com/product/buy-verified-cash-app-account/ Buy verified cash app account Cash... | 0 | 2024-06-15T17:00:17 | https://dev.to/flaviodukagjinit4/buy-verified-cash-app-account-1c7p | webdev, javascript, beginners, programming | ERROR: type should be string, got "https://dmhelpshop.com/product/buy-verified-cash-app-account/\n\n\n\n\nBuy verified cash app account\nCash app has emerged as a dominant force in the realm of mobile banking within the USA, offering unparalleled convenience for digital money transfers, deposits, and trading. As the foremost provider of fully verified cash app accounts, we take pride in our ability to deliver accounts with substantial limits. Bitcoin enablement, and an unmatched level of security.\n\nOur commitment to facilitating seamless transactions and enabling digital currency trades has garnered significant acclaim, as evidenced by the overwhelming response from our satisfied clientele. 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However, concerns regarding its safety have arisen, particularly pertaining to the purchase of “verified” accounts through Cash App. This raises questions about the security of Cash App’s verification process.\n\nUnfortunately, the answer is negative, as buying such verified accounts entails risks and is deemed unsafe. Therefore, it is crucial for everyone to exercise caution and be aware of potential vulnerabilities when using Cash App. How To Buy Verified Cash App Accounts.\n\nCash App has emerged as a widely embraced platform for purchasing Instagram Followers using PayPal, catering to a diverse range of users. This convenient application permits individuals possessing a PayPal account to procure authenticated Instagram Followers.\n\nLeveraging the Cash App, users can either opt to procure followers for a predetermined quantity or exercise patience until their account accrues a substantial follower count, subsequently making a bulk purchase. Although the Cash App provides this service, it is crucial to discern between genuine and counterfeit items. If you find yourself in search of counterfeit products such as a Rolex, a Louis Vuitton item, or a Louis Vuitton bag, there are two viable approaches to consider.\n\n \n\nWhy you need to buy verified Cash App accounts personal or business?\nThe Cash App is a versatile digital wallet enabling seamless money transfers among its users. However, it presents a concern as it facilitates transfer to both verified and unverified individuals.\n\nTo address this, the Cash App offers the option to become a verified user, which unlocks a range of advantages. Verified users can enjoy perks such as express payment, immediate issue resolution, and a generous interest-free period of up to two weeks. With its user-friendly interface and enhanced capabilities, the Cash App caters to the needs of a wide audience, ensuring convenient and secure digital transactions for all.\n\nIf you’re a business person seeking additional funds to expand your business, we have a solution for you. Payroll management can often be a challenging task, regardless of whether you’re a small family-run business or a large corporation. How To Buy Verified Cash App Accounts.\n\nImproper payment practices can lead to potential issues with your employees, as they could report you to the government. However, worry not, as we offer a reliable and efficient way to ensure proper payroll management, avoiding any potential complications. Our services provide you with the funds you need without compromising your reputation or legal standing. With our assistance, you can focus on growing your business while maintaining a professional and compliant relationship with your employees. Purchase Verified Cash App Accounts.\n\nA Cash App has emerged as a leading peer-to-peer payment method, catering to a wide range of users. With its seamless functionality, individuals can effortlessly send and receive cash in a matter of seconds, bypassing the need for a traditional bank account or social security number. Buy verified cash app account.\n\nThis accessibility makes it particularly appealing to millennials, addressing a common challenge they face in accessing physical currency. As a result, ACash App has established itself as a preferred choice among diverse audiences, enabling swift and hassle-free transactions for everyone. Purchase Verified Cash App Accounts.\n\n \n\nHow to verify Cash App accounts\nTo ensure the verification of your Cash App account, it is essential to securely store all your required documents in your account. This process includes accurately supplying your date of birth and verifying the US or UK phone number linked to your Cash App account.\n\nAs part of the verification process, you will be asked to submit accurate personal details such as your date of birth, the last four digits of your SSN, and your email address. If additional information is requested by the Cash App community to validate your account, be prepared to provide it promptly. Upon successful verification, you will gain full access to managing your account balance, as well as sending and receiving funds seamlessly. Buy verified cash app account.\n\n \n\nHow cash used for international transaction?\nExperience the seamless convenience of this innovative platform that simplifies money transfers to the level of sending a text message. It effortlessly connects users within the familiar confines of their respective currency regions, primarily in the United States and the United Kingdom.\n\nNo matter if you’re a freelancer seeking to diversify your clientele or a small business eager to enhance market presence, this solution caters to your financial needs efficiently and securely. Embrace a world of unlimited possibilities while staying connected to your currency domain. Buy verified cash app account.\n\nUnderstanding the currency capabilities of your selected payment application is essential in today’s digital landscape, where versatile financial tools are increasingly sought after. In this era of rapid technological advancements, being well-informed about platforms such as Cash App is crucial.\n\nAs we progress into the digital age, the significance of keeping abreast of such services becomes more pronounced, emphasizing the necessity of staying updated with the evolving financial trends and options available. Buy verified cash app account.\n\nOffers and advantage to buy cash app accounts cheap?\nWith Cash App, the possibilities are endless, offering numerous advantages in online marketing, cryptocurrency trading, and mobile banking while ensuring high security. As a top creator of Cash App accounts, our team possesses unparalleled expertise in navigating the platform.\n\nWe deliver accounts with maximum security and unwavering loyalty at competitive prices unmatched by other agencies. Rest assured, you can trust our services without hesitation, as we prioritize your peace of mind and satisfaction above all else.\n\nEnhance your business operations effortlessly by utilizing the Cash App e-wallet for seamless payment processing, money transfers, and various other essential tasks. Amidst a myriad of transaction platforms in existence today, the Cash App e-wallet stands out as a premier choice, offering users a multitude of functions to streamline their financial activities effectively. Buy verified cash app account.\n\nTrustbizs.com stands by the Cash App’s superiority and recommends acquiring your Cash App accounts from this trusted source to optimize your business potential.\n\nHow Customizable are the Payment Options on Cash App for Businesses?\nDiscover the flexible payment options available to businesses on Cash App, enabling a range of customization features to streamline transactions. Business users have the ability to adjust transaction amounts, incorporate tipping options, and leverage robust reporting tools for enhanced financial management.\n\nExplore trustbizs.com to acquire verified Cash App accounts with LD backup at a competitive price, ensuring a secure and efficient payment solution for your business needs. Buy verified cash app account.\n\nDiscover Cash App, an innovative platform ideal for small business owners and entrepreneurs aiming to simplify their financial operations. With its intuitive interface, Cash App empowers businesses to seamlessly receive payments and effectively oversee their finances. Emphasizing customization, this app accommodates a variety of business requirements and preferences, making it a versatile tool for all.\n\nWhere To Buy Verified Cash App Accounts\nWhen considering purchasing a verified Cash App account, it is imperative to carefully scrutinize the seller’s pricing and payment methods. Look for pricing that aligns with the market value, ensuring transparency and legitimacy. Buy verified cash app account.\n\nEqually important is the need to opt for sellers who provide secure payment channels to safeguard your financial data. Trust your intuition; skepticism towards deals that appear overly advantageous or sellers who raise red flags is warranted. It is always wise to prioritize caution and explore alternative avenues if uncertainties arise.\n\nThe Importance Of Verified Cash App Accounts\nIn today’s digital age, the significance of verified Cash App accounts cannot be overstated, as they serve as a cornerstone for secure and trustworthy online transactions.\n\nBy acquiring verified Cash App accounts, users not only establish credibility but also instill the confidence required to participate in financial endeavors with peace of mind, thus solidifying its status as an indispensable asset for individuals navigating the digital marketplace.\n\nWhen considering purchasing a verified Cash App account, it is imperative to carefully scrutinize the seller’s pricing and payment methods. Look for pricing that aligns with the market value, ensuring transparency and legitimacy. Buy verified cash app account.\n\nEqually important is the need to opt for sellers who provide secure payment channels to safeguard your financial data. Trust your intuition; skepticism towards deals that appear overly advantageous or sellers who raise red flags is warranted. It is always wise to prioritize caution and explore alternative avenues if uncertainties arise.\n\nConclusion\nEnhance your online financial transactions with verified Cash App accounts, a secure and convenient option for all individuals. By purchasing these accounts, you can access exclusive features, benefit from higher transaction limits, and enjoy enhanced protection against fraudulent activities. Streamline your financial interactions and experience peace of mind knowing your transactions are secure and efficient with verified Cash App accounts.\n\nChoose a trusted provider when acquiring accounts to guarantee legitimacy and reliability. In an era where Cash App is increasingly favored for financial transactions, possessing a verified account offers users peace of mind and ease in managing their finances. Make informed decisions to safeguard your financial assets and streamline your personal transactions effectively.\n\nContact Us / 24 Hours Reply\nTelegram:dmhelpshop\nWhatsApp: +1 (980) 277-2786\nSkype:dmhelpshop\nEmail:dmhelpshop@gmail.com\n\n\n\n" | flaviodukagjinit4 |
1,889,706 | Make our component's Tailwind class names more understandable in React's JSX | Background Have you ever seen a long list of class names with barely knowing which... | 0 | 2024-06-15T16:57:58 | https://dev.to/vuthanhnguyen/make-our-components-tailwind-class-names-more-understandable-in-reacts-html-1e5h | tailwindcss, react, javascript, hoc | ## Background
Have you ever seen a long list of class names with barely knowing which components we try to debug?
I cannot deny that Tailwind helps our web development faster, especially, with styling, but when we try to use many of its utility class names within a single element. As a result, we cannot see the actual identity of that component and it may become a guessing game.
One of the solutions is that we can add a unique id or class name to identify that component
but I'd admit as a developer that sometimes, I'm too lazy to put it, or copy/paste components somewhere and forget to change their class name identities.
## Solution
To solve the above problem programmatically, I implemented [a higher-order component](https://legacy.reactjs.org/docs/higher-order-components.html)
```javascript
const withComponentClassName = (WrappedComponent) => {
const WrapperComponent = (props) => {
const componentName =
WrappedComponent.displayName || WrappedComponent.name;
const className = componentName ? `c-${componentName}` : '';
return (
<div className={className}>
<WrappedComponent {...props} />
</div>
);
};
return WrapperComponent;
};
export default withComponentClassName;
```
And then use it in components
```javascript
export default withComponentClassName(MyComponent);
```
After that, it generates JSX like below
```javascript
<div className="c-MyComponent">
<MyComponent {...props} />
</div>
```
Now every single component will have this pattern in DOM. We can clearly see where those elements are from.
The only trade-off with this approach is that we have an extra `div` element wrapping our component that increases our DOM size, but in the long run, it has boosted my team's development as well as UI debugging.
---
3 questions I stumped upon when I developed this approach:
> We still can forget to place it in our components, how to prevent that?
We implemented a custom ESLint rule to verify `export default` of our components with `withComponentClassName` usage (I'll share it with more detail in another post)
> Can we embed that class name into the component's elements directly instead of adding an extra `div`?
The solution is more complicated and actually, it may make unexpected re-renderings due to class name prop/state updates, so we've accepted this simpler solution
> Can we hide that class name addition layer on production?
Yes, we can add a condition in `withComponentClassName` like below
```javascript
const withComponentClassName = (WrappedComponent) => {
//production variable depends on your codebase setup
if(production === true) {
return WrappedComponent;
}
const WrapperComponent = (props) => {...};
return WrapperComponent;
};
export default withComponentClassName;
``` | vuthanhnguyen |
1,889,716 | Mastering Clean Code: Essential Practices for Developers | Clean code is the cornerstone of every successful software project. As a developer, your ability to... | 0 | 2024-06-15T16:56:04 | https://dev.to/mahabubr/mastering-clean-code-essential-practices-for-developers-1287 | webdev, programming, cleancode, learning | Clean code is the cornerstone of every successful software project. As a developer, your ability to write clean, maintainable code is crucial for the efficiency and longevity of your applications. In this article, we'll delve into ten examples of good and bad coding practices in JavaScript, highlighting the importance of writing clean code and providing actionable insights to help you level up your development skills.
## Examples
- Descriptive Variable Names:
```
// Good:
const totalPrice = calculateTotalPrice(quantity, unitPrice);
```
```
// Bad:
const t = calcPrice(q, uP);
```
In a good example, variable names are descriptive and convey their purpose clearly, enhancing code readability. Conversely, the bad example uses cryptic abbreviations, making it difficult for others to understand the code's intent.
- Consistent Formatting:
```
// Good:
function greet(name) {
return `Hello, ${name}!`;
}
```
```
// Bad:
function greet(name){
return `Hello, ${name}!`
}
```
Consistent formatting improves code readability and maintainability. In a good example, proper indentation and spacing are employed, enhancing code structure. Conversely, the bad example lacks consistency, making the code harder to follow.
- Avoiding Magic Numbers:
```
// Good:
const TAX_RATE = 0.1;
const totalPrice = subtotal + (subtotal * TAX_RATE);
```
```
// Bad:
const totalPrice = subtotal + (subtotal * 0.1);
```
Magic numbers obscure the meaning of values and make code harder to maintain. In the good example, constants are used to represent magic numbers, improving code clarity and maintainability.
- Single Responsibility Principle:
```
// Good:
function calculateTotalPrice(quantity, unitPrice) {
return quantity * unitPrice;
}
function formatPrice(price) {
return `$${price.toFixed(2)}`;
}
```
```
// Bad:
function calculateAndFormatTotalPrice(quantity, unitPrice) {
const totalPrice = quantity * unitPrice;
return `$${totalPrice.toFixed(2)}`;
}
```
Functions should have a single responsibility to promote code reusability and maintainability. In the good example, each function performs a specific task, adhering to the Single Responsibility Principle. Conversely, the bad example violates this principle by combining multiple responsibilities into one function.
- Error Handling:
```
// Good:
function fetchData(url) {
return fetch(url)
.then(response => {
if (!response.ok) {
throw new Error('Network response was not ok');
}
return response.json();
})
.catch(error => {
console.error('Error fetching data:', error);
throw error;
});
}
```
```
// Bad:
function fetchData(url) {
return fetch(url)
.then(response => response.json())
.catch(error => console.error(error));
}
```
Proper error handling improves code robustness and helps identify and resolve issues more effectively. In the good example, errors are handled gracefully, providing meaningful feedback to developers. Conversely, the bad example lacks comprehensive error handling, potentially leading to silent failures.
- Comments and Documentation:
```
// Good:
// Calculate the total price based on quantity and unit price
function calculateTotalPrice(quantity, unitPrice) {
return quantity * unitPrice;
}
```
```
// Bad:
function calculateTotalPrice(quantity, unitPrice) {
// calculate total price
return quantity * unitPrice;
}
```
Comments and documentation enhance code understandability and facilitate collaboration among developers. In a good example, clear comments describe the purpose of the function, aiding in code comprehension. Conversely, the bad example provides vague comments that add little value.
- Proper Modularity:
```
// Good:
export function add(a, b) {
return a + b;
}
export function subtract(a, b) {
return a - b;
}
```
```
// Bad:
function add(a, b) {
return a + b;
}
function subtract(a, b) {
return a - b;
}
```
Modular code promotes reusability and maintainability by organizing functionality into cohesive units. In the good example, functions are properly encapsulated and exported, facilitating code reuse. Conversely, the bad example lacks modularization, making it harder to manage and scale.
- DRY Principle (Don't Repeat Yourself):
```
// Good:
const greeting = 'Hello';
function greet(name) {
return `${greeting}, ${name}!`;
}
```
```
// Bad:
function greet(name) {
const greeting = 'Hello';
return `${greeting}, ${name}!`;
}
```
Repetitive code increases the risk of errors and makes maintenance challenging. In a good example, repetitive strings are extracted into a constant, adhering to the DRY principle and improving code maintainability. Conversely, the bad example redundantly defines the greeting within the function.
- Meaningful Function Names:
```
// Good:
function calculateArea(radius) {
return Math.PI * radius ** 2;
}
```
```
// Bad:
function calc(r) {
return Math.PI * r ** 2;
}
```
Function names should accurately reflect their purpose to enhance code readability. In the good example, the function name "calculateArea" clearly indicates its functionality. Conversely, the bad example uses a cryptic abbreviation ("calc"), making it unclear what the function does.
- Testability:
```
// Good:
function sum(a, b) {
return a + b;
}
module.exports = sum;
```
```
// Bad:
function sum(a, b) {
console.log(a + b);
}
```
Writing testable code facilitates automated testing, ensuring code reliability and stability. In the good example, the function is exported for testing purposes, enabling easy test setup and execution. Conversely, the bad example contains side effects (console.log), making it challenging to test the function's behavior.
- Proper Use of Data Structures:
```
// Good:
const studentGrades = [90, 85, 95, 88];
const averageGrade = studentGrades.reduce((total, grade) => total + grade, 0) / studentGrades.length;
```
```
// Bad:
const grade1 = 90;
const grade2 = 85;
const grade3 = 95;
const grade4 = 88;
const averageGrade = (grade1 + grade2 + grade3 + grade4) / 4;
```
Utilizing appropriate data structures enhances code readability and maintainability. In the good example, an array is used to store student grades, allowing for easy manipulation and calculation. Conversely, the bad example relies on individual variables, leading to repetitive and error-prone code.
- Handling Asynchronous Operations:
```
// Good:
async function fetchData(url) {
try {
const response = await fetch(url);
if (!response.ok) {
throw new Error('Network response was not ok');
}
return await response.json();
} catch (error) {
console.error('Error fetching data:', error);
throw error;
}
}
```
```
// Bad:
function fetchData(url) {
return fetch(url)
.then(response => {
if (!response.ok) {
throw new Error('Network response was not ok');
}
return response.json();
})
.catch(error => {
console.error('Error fetching data:', error);
throw error;
});
}
```
Proper handling of asynchronous operations ensures code reliability and robustness. In a good example, async/await syntax is used to simplify asynchronous code and handle errors gracefully. Conversely, the bad example uses nested promises, leading to callback hell and decreased code readability.
- Dependency Management:
```
// Good:
import { format } from 'date-fns';
```
```
// Bad:
const dateFns = require('date-fns');
```
Effective dependency management promotes code modularity and scalability. In a good example, ES6 import syntax is used to import only the required functionality from the 'date-fns' library, reducing unnecessary imports and improving performance. Conversely, the bad example uses CommonJS require syntax, which imports the entire 'date-fns' module, potentially bloating the application bundle.
- Performance Optimization:
```
// Good:
const sortedNumbers = [5, 2, 8, 1, 9];
sortedNumbers.sort((a, b) => a - b);
```
```
// Bad:
const unsortedNumbers = [5, 2, 8, 1, 9];
const sortedNumbers = unsortedNumbers.sort();
```
Optimizing code for performance ensures efficient execution and enhances user experience. In a good example, the sort() method is called with a custom comparison function to sort numbers in ascending order, resulting in better performance compared to the default sorting algorithm. Conversely, the bad example relies on the default sorting algorithm, which may not be the most efficient for numerical arrays.
- Proper Error Handling in Node.js APIs:
```
// Good:
app.get('/user/:id', async (req, res) => {
try {
const user = await getUserById(req.params.id);
if (!user) {
return res.status(404).json({ error: 'User not found' });
}
res.json(user);
} catch (error) {
console.error('Error fetching user:', error);
res.status(500).json({ error: 'Internal server error' });
}
});
```
```
// Bad:
app.get('/user/:id', async (req, res) => {
const user = await getUserById(req.params.id);
if (!user) {
res.status(404).json({ error: 'User not found' });
}
res.json(user);
});
```
Proper error handling is crucial in Node.js APIs to ensure robustness and reliability. In the good example, errors are caught and logged, and appropriate HTTP status codes are returned to the client. Conversely, the bad example fails to handle errors, potentially resulting in unhandled promise rejections and inconsistent error responses.
- Efficient File System Operations:
```
// Good:
const fs = require('fs').promises;
async function readFile(filePath) {
try {
const data = await fs.readFile(filePath, 'utf-8');
console.log(data);
} catch (error) {
console.error('Error reading file:', error);
}
}
```
```
// Bad:
const fs = require('fs');
function readFile(filePath) {
fs.readFile(filePath, 'utf-8', (error, data) => {
if (error) {
console.error('Error reading file:', error);
return;
}
console.log(data);
});
}
```
Using promises in file system operations enhances code readability and simplifies error handling. In a good example, fs.promises.readFile() is used to read a file asynchronously, and errors are handled using try-catch. Conversely, the bad example uses the callback-based approach, which can lead to callback hell and less readable code.
- Efficient Memory Management:
```
// Good:
const stream = fs.createReadStream('bigfile.txt');
stream.pipe(response);
```
// Bad:
```
fs.readFile('bigfile.txt', (error, data) => {
if (error) {
console.error('Error reading file:', error);
return;
}
response.write(data);
});
```
Using streams for large file processing in Node.js conserves memory and improves performance. In a good example, fs.createReadStream() and stream.pipe() are used to efficiently stream data from a file to an HTTP response. Conversely, the bad example reads the entire file into memory before writing it to the response, which can lead to memory issues for large files.
- Proper Module Exporting and Importing:
```
// Good:
module.exports = {
add: (a, b) => a + b,
subtract: (a, b) => a - b
};
```
```
// Bad:
exports.add = (a, b) => a + b;
exports.subtract = (a, b) => a - b;
```
Consistent module exporting and importing practices improve code readability and maintainability. In the good example, module.exports is used to export an object containing functions, while in the bad example, exports are used directly. Although both methods work, sticking to one convention enhances code consistency.
- Asynchronous Control Flow:
```
// Good:
async function processItems(items) {
for (const item of items) {
await processItem(item);
}
}
```
```
// Bad:
function processItems(items) {
items.forEach(item => {
processItem(item);
});
}
```
Proper asynchronous control flow ensures that operations are executed sequentially or concurrently as needed. In a good example, an async function is used with a for...of the loop to process items sequentially, awaiting each operation. Conversely, the bad example uses forEach, which does not handle asynchronous operations well and may lead to unexpected behavior. | mahabubr |
1,889,715 | Top Powerful AI Test Automation Tools for the Future | Introduction Test automation has transformed significantly over the years. It has helped QA teams... | 0 | 2024-06-15T16:54:50 | https://dev.to/pcloudy_ssts/top-powerful-ai-test-automation-tools-for-the-future-57ei | cicdtools, functionaltesting, endtoendtesting | Introduction
Test automation has transformed significantly over the years. It has helped QA teams reduce the chances of human error to a great extent. There are plenty of tools available for [test automation](https://www.pcloudy.com/blogs/top-benefits-of-automation-testing-for-a-successful-product-release/), but identifying the right [automation testing tool](https://www.pcloudy.com/automation-testing-tools/) has always been a priority for an automation testing plan to be a success. Artificial Intelligence, machine learning and neural networks are the trending topics of discussion in the tech world today. And, AI inevitably makes its place even in the automation testing space. The use of AI testing tools has taken over the burden of handling repetitive tasks, saving hours of work so that the team can utilize its time for performing more complex and critical tasks. It has played a prominent role in catering to the rising need to develop swiftly and smartly. Even though the current practices of continuous testing, DevOps and Agile have kept the software development process in pace, introducing AI has subtly unlocked the true potential of software testing and driven a path to [Continuous Test Automation](https://www.pcloudy.com/blogs/path-to-continuous-test-automation-using-ci-cd-pipeline/).
What is AI automation testing?
AI, in simple terms, is the ability of a computer program or a computer to think and learn like a human being, i.e., the capability of a machine to reason itself – learn, modify data and use it in a beneficial way to handle any future scenarios. It applies reasoning and problem solving to automate the testing process.
Before AI made a place in the testing world, it was just AI. AI automation testing means [leveraging Artificial intelligence and Machine learning](https://www.pcloudy.com/blogs/robotic-process-automation-ai-and-ml-in-software-testing/) in the existing software automation testing tools to generate improved results and remove any of the common challenges of software automation testing.
Although AI automation testing has helped hasten the product lifecycle and driven up the organization’s revenue, it is still nascent. It needs improvement to be a standalone solution for automation testing needs.
How does AI help in automation testing?
Artificial intelligence when leveraged in automation testing helps in authorizing, executing and maintaining automation tests. [AI automation testing](https://www.pcloudy.com/5-ways-ai-is-changing-test-automation/) improves the efficiency of the QA processes. AI generates the relevant data for decision-making, detection and correction of bugs ahead of time. It helps improve the overall efficiency. It provides transparency and expedites the automation testing process.
Testers usually have to maintain and modify thousands of test cases. AI automation testing tools handle all of this very smoothly by handling repetitive tasks, generating relevant data needed for decision making, detecting and correcting any issues early on in the development life cycle. AI also helps maintain automation test suites, easing Unit, UI and [API testing](https://www.pcloudy.com/3-reasons-why-test-automation-should-be-included-at-the-api-level/). Thus, in a nutshell:
Download a Free poster that highlights a few benefits of using AI in Automation Testing
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– AI testing tools detect bugs, fix them and correct any errors at early stages. It helps to discover any changes in the applications and accordingly modifies the script using its intelligence, easing the task of maintaining test cases by testers.
– AI automation tools help improve efficiency and transparency in the processes.
– The tools also provide quality testing output with a lot more accuracy and speed.
Advantages of AI in Software automation testing
Advantages of AI
Using AI automation testing tools to overcome automation testing challenges
Artificial Intelligence has changed the way machines work by broadening the scope of their problem-solving capabilities. Using AI, machines can now learn, adapt, perform, think and decide like a human. Unlike traditional methodologies, AI-enabled automation testing can help solve complex problems in no time and without much intervention. AI has been transformational in improving testing efficiency and [overcoming automation testing challenges](https://www.pcloudy.com/automation-testing-challenges-and-their-solutions/). Let’s talk about some common test automation challenges:
Limited Expertise: There are open-source tools and inapt test automation tools that require a tester to have moderate testing skills to create an automation test suite, but not every tester has a background with the required programming skills.
Continuous Maintenance: The automation test suite has to be regularly updated with product updates and new features. Test maintenance is inevitable even with an evolved automation testing tool. Re-factoring the test cases is a common UI Automation challenge because once created, the test is stable only for a few days and has to be maintained regularly.
Test Reporting: A [test automation framework](https://www.pcloudy.com/top-10-test-automation-frameworks-in-2020/) should preferably have this feature. Many test automation tools either do not provide the reporting facility (because most amongst them are open-source) or provide minimal information and not complete insights. If you want to add additional reporting features, you need to perform custom programming or opt for external plugins.
Scalability: As the test automation suite grows, the automation framework should support a large number of tests, and provide quick test results, parallelly. Also, prioritizing and sorting tests to run on different devices and configurations is needed for a smooth test execution.
Selecting the right AI automation testing tool can tackle the above challenges. Let’s learn more about some of them as we progress.
AI Testing Automation tools for the Future of Automation Testing
Today, there are so many test automation tools that are AI-enabled. Choosing the right tool that suits the purpose is a crucial job of the QA team to get the additional benefits of this new technology.
What do most of the AI automation testing tools most commonly do?
1. They perform predictive self-healing, i.e., updating the test suites whenever the application evolves.
2. Perform Intelligent Bug Hunting, i.e., discovering bugs intelligently through an AI-powered testing mechanism that crawls through the entire application and detects issues and fixes them.
3. Enable application resilience by applying predictive auto-scaling and continuous fitness functions
4. Most commonly [automate the business processes](https://www.pcloudy.com/blogs/business-process-automation/) and workflows for performing [end-to-end testing](https://www.pcloudy.com/how-to-measure-the-success-of-end-to-end-testing/) and not just test automation.
Here are the most promising AI automation tools to look forward to:
pCloudy
pCloudy is a ground-breaking, AI-enabled test automation tool that’s revolutionizing the landscape of app testing. Known for its expansive testing capabilities, pCloudy provides an all-encompassing solution for various testing needs.
pCloudy’s standout feature is its Certifaya AI engine. This powerful tool uses AI and predictive analytics to deliver comprehensive reports on mobile application quality. Certifaya integrates seamlessly into the CI/CD pipeline, enabling automated execution of tests on an array of device-browser combinations, accelerating the delivery process significantly.
Certifaya is designed with simplicity at its core. Users can easily upload their app and instruct the platform to run a test. Within minutes, Certifaya generates a detailed report, highlighting critical issues along with screen grabs and videos of the sessions. Users also receive helpful recommendations to quickly resolve these issues.
Certifaya’s bots are specifically designed for running crash test scenarios and performing swift and deep exploratory tests. The bots not only run crash tests covering several installation/un-installation scenarios on multiple devices but also crawl through the app like a human user, collecting a plethora of relevant data.
The result is a comprehensive report on the app’s functionality and performance on multiple devices in a matter of minutes, a major leap from the hours of waiting previously required. This is instrumental in the fast-paced industry where developing high-quality apps quickly is mission-critical.
Additionally, pCloudy features Visual AI capabilities for automated visual testing. This feature enables effective screen comparisons, identification of visual bugs, and assurance of visual consistency across multiple devices and screen sizes.
Its cloud-based architecture allows testers to access devices and perform manual and automated testing anytime, anywhere. Plus, pCloudy provides insights and analytics on device performance, battery consumption, memory usage, and more, helping testers to understand the real-world impact of their applications.
Applitools
A trusted AI automation tool for visual UI testing and monitoring.
It is the only tool driven by Visual Artificial Intelligence (Visual AI) that enables a machine to mimic human eyes and brain to recognize functional and regressions.
With only a single line of code, the Applitool Eyes analyzes the entire screen of the application.
It leverages Artificial intelligence and Machine Learning for test maintenance. Its comparison algorithms recognize whether the changes are meaningful or just bugs.
It integrates smoothly with your existing tests, thus eliminating the step of writing and learning new tests and scaling up testing with existing ones.
Testim.io
Testim is an end-to-end AI testing tool that authors automated tests, executes and maintains them, reducing test creation-execution time by running multiple tests parallely.
Its focus is mainly on [functional testing](https://www.pcloudy.com/functional-testing-vs-non-functional-testing/) and UI testing.
It overcomes the problems of slow authoring and unstable tests that usually result from frequent changes and releases in the UI.
Smart Locators detect the changes in the app to run automatic tests.
It integrates seamlessly with [CI/CD tools](https://www.pcloudy.com/10-best-continuous-integration-tools-in-2020/), provides detailed bug reports and performs root-cause analysis of the failed tests for quick remedial action.
Mabl
It is one of the leading AI testing automation tools developed to create and run tests across CI/CD.
Mabl’s Google Chrome Extensions helps developers create scriptless tests to create/run tests on Firefox.
It is a cloud-based tool and has self-healing and visual testing features.
Mabl uses ML algorithms to detect any threats or issues and improves the test execution.
Parasoft SOAtest
It is an API and Web Services AI automation tool delivering end-to-end functional API testing, Web UI integration, mobile testing, load testing, performance and API security testing.
Its intuitive interface automates API, Load, performance, and security related criticalities.
It delivers constant analysis on the changes and their impact, thus simplifying test maintenance tasks.
Its test data technology provides realistic test data for further modeling, masking, and generating additional data.
Execution of Multichannel tests can be easily coordinated directly from the browser to allow continuous testing.
TestProject
This AI testing tool eases testing efforts by removing test setup, maintenance and hassles of looking after drivers, servers, etc.
It is equipped with a built-in Automation assistant, AI self-healing and adaptive wait features. It has an AI-enabled codeless test recorder that is Selenium API compatible with open-source SDK.
It also has an add-ons library, unconventional test reporting, dashboards and integrations to your CI/CD pipelines.
AccelQ
It is a cloud-based codeless AI testing automation tool. It focuses on automating the Web UI, API, Desktop and Mobile platforms.
It has natural English programming, intelligent element explorer, automated test generation and self-healing features. It integrates well with popular DevOps toolchains to provide a unified view of the complete QA lifecycle.
It provides Predictive and Path analysis for developing test scenarios, maximizing test coverage model UI and Data flows, open-source alignment are other distinct features of this tool.
Functionize
It belongs to the declarative category of AI testing tools. It is a cloud-based automation testing tool that uses Machine learning and artificial intelligence to create, verify and maintain tests.
The AI-powered smart agent creates tests quickly, uses Natural language processing to automate English-based procedures.
Its SmartFix feature detects UI changes and test failures with ease.
TestCraft
Another AI-powered tool for automation testing for regression and continuous testing.
It uses a Machine learning algorithm that identifies web elements correctly even during the app changes.
It enables testers to visually create automated Selenium-based tests and run these on multiple browsers and platforms.
It’s On-the-Fly mode enables the creation of test models out of the test scenario, making it easier to reuse test steps
It also has self-healing capabilities.
Comparison of AI Test Automation Tools
Tool
Key Features
Best For
Applitools
Visual UI testing and monitoring, leverages AI for test maintenance, single line of code analysis
Visual UI testing
pCloudy
Certifaya AI engine for running crash and exploratory tests, Visual AI for visual testing, cloud-based architecture
Comprehensive app testing on real devices
Testim.io
Automated test authoring and execution, parallel test execution, root-cause analysis, functional and UI testing
Functional and UI testing
Mabl
Scriptless test creation, self-healing and visual testing features, cloud-based
Comprehensive AI testing
Parasoft SOAtest
API and Web Services testing, load testing, performance and API security testing
API testing
TestProject
Removes test setup and maintenance hassles, AI-enabled codeless test recorder, Selenium API compatible
Testing with less setup
AccelQ
Cloud-based codeless testing, natural English programming, intelligent element explorer, automated test generation
Codeless testing
Functionize
Cloud-based testing, uses ML and AI for test creation, verification and maintenance
Declarative AI testing
TestCraft
Regression and continuous testing, self-healing capabilities, visual test creation, Selenium-based tests
Regression and continuous testing
Remember that the best tool often depends on the specific needs and context of the project. Each of these tools offers unique benefits, so it’s important to consider the nature of the testing you need to perform, the skills and experience of your team, the complexity and scale of your application, and your budget when choosing an AI test automation tool.
Challenges and Limitations of AI in Test Automation
While AI and ML have indeed begun to revolutionize the field of test automation, it’s important to recognize that these technologies are not without their challenges. One of the key limitations is the significant learning curve for development and testing teams. Getting to grips with the intricacies of AI requires considerable time and effort, and can initially slow down testing processes.
Another challenge lies in the quality of data. AI models thrive on high-quality, diverse, and extensive data sets. The efficacy of AI-powered testing tools may diminish if the quality or the quantity of the data isn’t up to the mark.
Also, AI models can sometimes introduce biases in testing outcomes, especially if the training data is skewed. This could lead to overlooked bugs or errors in certain scenarios. Therefore, it’s important for testers to be vigilant about potential AI biases and take steps to mitigate them.
The Impact of AI on the Role of Testers
The rise of AI in test automation doesn’t spell the end for human testers. Rather, it highlights the need for testers to evolve their skillsets in line with technological advancements. Testers will still be needed to create test scenarios, analyze complex results, explore edge cases, and validate AI outcomes.
However, the focus will shift towards understanding AI and machine learning algorithms, data science fundamentals, and how AI can be effectively incorporated into testing strategies. The role of a tester will move beyond just identifying bugs to creating an environment where AI can help improve the overall software quality.
CONCLUSION
As we forge ahead into the digital age, AI and machine learning are taking center stage, pushing the boundaries of what’s possible in numerous fields, including software testing. AI-enabled test automation tools are becoming increasingly sophisticated, providing significant benefits such as improved efficiency, reduced errors, and faster testing cycles.
However, while AI has immense potential, it’s crucial to remember that it’s not a silver bullet. These technologies come with their own set of challenges, from the steep learning curve associated with their use, to the quality and bias in data, among others. Moreover, the integration of AI into testing practices will require testers to enhance their skills and adapt to new roles.
In the future, we can anticipate further advancements in AI test automation, including the rise of continuous testing, predictive analytics, and AI-led performance testing. The choice of an AI test automation tool should be based on an organization’s unique needs and resources. And as AI continues to evolve, ethical considerations, especially concerning data privacy and algorithmic fairness, will become increasingly important.
In conclusion, AI is set to revolutionize test automation, driving increased productivity and quality. However, this transformative journey needs to be navigated wisely, keeping in mind the challenges, opportunities, and ethical implications. As with any technological evolution, the key to success lies in embracing change, continuous learning, and adaptability. | pcloudy_ssts |
1,889,713 | Blockchain and Green Energy: A Synergistic Future | Introduction to Blockchain and Green Energy Blockchain technology, initially devised for... | 27,673 | 2024-06-15T16:49:42 | https://dev.to/rapidinnovation/blockchain-and-green-energy-a-synergistic-future-1nk0 | ## Introduction to Blockchain and Green Energy
Blockchain technology, initially devised for the digital currency Bitcoin, has
evolved far beyond its inception. Today, it is poised to revolutionize various
sectors, including the green energy market. By enabling a decentralized and
secure platform, blockchain can facilitate the efficient distribution and
consumption of renewable energy, promoting sustainability and reducing carbon
footprints.
The integration of blockchain into the green energy sector could potentially
streamline operations, enhance transparency, and lead to more effective
monitoring and trading of energy resources. This technology not only supports
the tracking of energy production and consumption but also enables peer-to-
peer energy trading platforms, allowing consumers to buy, sell, or exchange
renewable energy without the need for traditional intermediaries.
## Blockchain's Impact on Energy Efficiency
Blockchain technology is increasingly recognized for its potential to enhance
energy efficiency. This decentralized technology can optimize power usage in
various systems, from reducing operational inefficiencies to enabling peer-to-
peer energy trading platforms. For example, blockchain can streamline the
energy consumption data management, allowing for more accurate and timely data
analysis, which helps in reducing energy wastage and improving energy
distribution strategies.
Moreover, blockchain facilitates the development of decentralized energy
grids, which can operate more efficiently than traditional centralized
systems. These grids support the integration of renewable energy sources, such
as solar or wind power, by efficiently managing energy flows and financial
transactions, thereby promoting sustainable energy use.
## Innovations in Blockchain for Sustainable Energy Solutions
Blockchain technology is at the forefront of driving innovations in
sustainable energy solutions. One of the key innovations is the use of smart
contracts for automating and enforcing energy trading agreements. These
contracts execute automatically based on predefined conditions, reducing the
need for intermediaries and lowering transaction costs. This automation not
only streamlines operations but also ensures compliance and accountability in
energy transactions.
Another significant innovation is the integration of Internet of Things (IoT)
with blockchain for energy management. IoT devices can monitor energy
consumption and production in real-time, while blockchain securely records
these transactions. This integration facilitates efficient energy management
and optimal distribution, minimizing waste and maximizing the use of renewable
resources.
## Case Studies: Blockchain in Action for Green Energy
Blockchain technology is increasingly being recognized as a transformative
tool for the energy sector, particularly in promoting green energy
initiatives. By enabling decentralized and transparent transactions,
blockchain can facilitate the efficient distribution and consumption of
renewable energy. This section explores various case studies where blockchain
has been successfully implemented in the green energy sector.
One notable example is the Brooklyn Microgrid project in New York. This
project utilizes a blockchain-based platform to enable local solar energy
producers to sell excess electricity directly to their neighbors, bypassing
traditional energy distribution systems. This peer-to-peer energy trading
model not only encourages the use of renewable energy but also empowers
communities by giving them control over their energy sources.
## Challenges and Barriers in Blockchain Adoption for Green Energy
Despite the promising integration of blockchain in the green energy sector,
several challenges and barriers hinder widespread adoption. These include
technological maturity, scalability issues, and significant energy consumption
by blockchain itself, which paradoxically can contradict the very principle of
energy conservation.
One of the primary challenges is the current scalability of blockchain
technology. The energy required to perform blockchain operations, particularly
mining for cryptocurrencies, is substantial. This poses a significant issue
for green energy initiatives, where the goal is to reduce energy consumption
and carbon footprints. Innovations and improvements in blockchain technology,
such as the development of more energy-efficient consensus mechanisms like
proof-of-stake, are critical to resolving these contradictions.
## Future Outlook and Predictions for 2024
As we look towards 2024, several trends and predictions are shaping the future
outlook of various industries. Technological advancements, economic shifts,
and consumer behavior changes are all playing a role in how businesses and
markets are expected to evolve.
One significant trend is the continued rise of artificial intelligence and
machine learning, which are expected to transform industries such as
healthcare, finance, and manufacturing. Another prediction for 2024 is the
increasing importance of sustainability. With growing awareness of
environmental issues, businesses are expected to invest more in sustainable
practices. This includes adopting green technologies, reducing waste, and
ensuring ethical supply chains.
Drive innovation with intelligent AI and secure blockchain technology! 🌟 Check
out how we can help your business grow!
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[AI Software Development](https://www.rapidinnovation.io/ai-software-
development-company-in-usa)
## URLs
* <https://www.rapidinnovation.io/post/blockchains-role-in-green-energy-solutions-for-2024>
## Hashtags
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| rapidinnovation | |
1,889,711 | Mind Boggling Speed when Caching with Momento and Rust | Summer is here and in the northern hemisphere, temperatures are heating up. Living in North Texas,... | 0 | 2024-06-15T16:45:15 | https://www.binaryheap.com/caching-with-momento-and-rust/ | Summer is here and in the northern hemisphere, temperatures are heating up. Living in North Texas, you get used to the heat and humidity but somehow it still always seems to sneak up on me. As I start this new season (which happens to be my favorite) I wanted to reflect a touch and remember the summer of 2023. That summer, I looked at [6 different aspects](https://www.binaryheap.com/building-serverless-applications-with-aws-data/) of serverless development from the perspective of things I wish I had known when I was getting started. Fast forward to this summer when I started with [Does Serverless Still Matter?](https://www.binaryheap.com/does-serverless-still-matter/). What a year it's been for sure. And as I look forward to the next few hot months, I'm going to explore my current focus which is highly performant serverless patterns. And to kick things off, let's get started with caching with Momento and
Rust.
## Architecture
I always like to start by describing what it is that I'm going to be building throughout the article. When designing for highly performant Lambda-based solutions, I like to keep things as simple as possible. Since all of these transitions require HTTP requests, latency only grows as more requests enter the mix. Additionally, by choosing Rust as the language for the Lambda Function, I can be assured that I'm getting the best compute performance that is possible.
## Project Setup
As I mentioned above, I'm going to be using Rust to build out my Lambda Function. And as I explore caching with Momento and Rust, I'll be using [Momento's SDK for Rust](https://github.com/momentohq/client-sdk-rust). In addition to Rust, I'm building the infrastructure with SAM instead of my usual CDK. I tend to go back and forth. When working in purely serverless setups, I tend to favor SAM for its simplicity. But when I've got more complexity, I lean towards CDK.
### SAM Template
The architecture diagram above highlights a few pieces of AWS infrastructure. The template below sets up those necessary pieces for getting started as we dive deeper into caching with Momento and Rust.
Pay close attention to the Rust Lambda Function piece which requires the naming of the handler to be `bootstrap`. Also to note is that the path in the CodUri points to where the `Cargo.toml` manifest file is for the Lambda Function handler.
```yaml
Resources:
KinesisStream:
Type: AWS::Kinesis::Stream
Properties:
RetentionPeriodHours: 24
StreamModeDetails:
StreamMode: ON_DEMAND
DynamoDBTable:
Type: AWS::DynamoDB::Table
Properties:
TableName: Locations
AttributeDefinitions:
- AttributeName: location
AttributeType: S
KeySchema:
- AttributeName: location
KeyType: HASH
BillingMode: PAY_PER_REQUEST
RustConsumerFunction:
Type: AWS::Serverless::Function
Metadata:
BuildMethod: rust-cargolambda
Properties:
FunctionName: kinesis-consumer-model-one-rust
Environment:
Variables:
RUST_LOG: kinesis_consumer=debug
CodeUri: ./kinesis-consumer-model-one-rust/rust_app # Points to dir of Cargo.toml
Handler: bootstrap # Do not change, as this is the default executable name produced by Cargo Lambda
Runtime: provided.al2023
Architectures:
- arm64
Policies:
- AmazonDynamoDBFullAccess
- Version: "2012-10-17"
Statement:
- Effect: Allow
Action:
- ssm:*
Resource: "*"
Events:
Stream:
Type: Kinesis
Properties:
Stream: !GetAtt KinesisStream.Arn
StartingPosition: LATEST
BatchSize: 10
```
### Momento SDK
Diving into the Momento piece of the caching with Momento and Rust, I need to first establish an account, a cache, and an API key. Instead of demonstrating that here, [I'll refer you to wonderful documentation](https://docs.momentohq.com/cache/getting-started) that will guide you through that process.
With an API key and cache all configured, I'm going to store that key in an AWS SSM parameter. That can be demonstrated through this code. Feel free to change this if you are following along, but if you don't want to make any adjustments, you'll need this value in SSM
```rust
let parameter = client
.get_parameter()
.name("/keys/momento-pct-key")
.send()
.await?;
```
#### Caching with Momento and Rust
First off, the Momento SDK is still less than v1.0 so I'd expect some changes along the way. But in that same thought, it's well-polished for being so new. It has a very AWS SDK feel to it which I LOVE. It's one of the things that I appreciate about working with AWS and the Momento Rust SDK has that same vibe.
I first need to establish a connection or client into the Momento API.
```rust
// create a new Momento client
let cache_client = match CacheClient::builder()
.default_ttl(Duration::from_secs(10))
.configuration(configurations::Laptop::latest())
.credential_provider(CredentialProvider::from_string(api_key).unwrap())
.build()
{
Ok(c) => c,
Err(_) => panic!("error with momento client"),
};
```
With the client established, I can then make requests against the control plane and data plane APIs. For the balance of the article, I'll be using the data plane API to make gets and sets.
#### Gets
Issuing a get on a cache dictionary is straightforward.
```rust
// use the client to execute a Get
match cache_client
.get("sample-a".to_string(), location.clone())
.await
{
Ok(r) => match r {
// match on OK or Error
GetResponse::Hit { value } => {
// A Cache Hit
tracing::info!("Cache HIT");
let cached: String = value.try_into().expect("Should have been a string");
let model = serde_json::from_str(cached.as_ref()).unwrap();
Ok(Some(model))
}
GetResponse::Miss => {
// A Cache Miss
tracing::info!("Cache MISS, going to DDB");
// Code ommitted but included in the main repository ...
}
},
Err(e) => {
tracing::error!("(Error)={:?}", e);
Ok(None)
}
}
```
As shown above, the `get` operation will return a `Result` with the inner value being an `Enum` that holds information about whether the request was a `Hit` or a `Miss`. What I like about this is that the `Hit` also includes the value retrieved. This is a nice touch as then deserializing into my `CacheModel` is as simple as executing `serde_json::from_str`. Again, really nice feature.
#### Sets
Caching with Momento and Rust was easy and clean with gets, and sets work the same way. Think of it as almost the reverse of the get. Instead of deserializing, I now serialize. Instead of querying, I'm now writing.
```rust
let s = serde_json::to_string(cache_model).unwrap();
match cache_client
.set("sample-a".to_string(), cache_model.location.clone(), s)
.await
{
Ok(_) => Ok(()),
Err(e) => {
tracing::error!("(Error)={:?}", e);
Ok(())
}
}
```
#### Final Momento SDK Thoughts
Consider me impressed at my first go with the SDK. The code worked the very first time without having to dive into documentation. The SDK API is based on the common [Builder Pattern](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Builder_pattern) which makes the configuration of a request simple and readable. There is a common error enum that I then can easily work around with [thiserror](https://docs.rs/thiserror/latest/thiserror/) to take advantage of the Rust `?` operator. And lastly, it is highly performant. And that brings me back to this summer exploration. I've executed roughly 65K requests through Kinesis to be processed through my Lambda Function which also makes 65K Momento requests. I consistently saw Momento return me either a hit with the value or a miss at an average of 1.8ms.
### Running the Sample
Let's dive into how to run this sample and see what happens when I do. Caching with Momento and Rust is such a powerful pattern but sometimes a picture can tell more than words. I've written about [Rust's performance with Lambda](https://www.binaryheap.com/rust-and-lambda-performance/) before so you either agree with that data or you don't. I've never steered away from the fact that if you want the maximum amount of speed you can get, then maybe you shouldn't be running in the cloud, using HTTP, and a host of other decisions. If that's the camp you fall in, then 7ms is going to seem slow to you. But for most of us who enjoy the speed and scale of the cloud without the overhead of management and the ability to iterate quickly at a low cost, then 7ms is much better than what you are going to get with another runtime and setup.
Rust's performance shines when paired with Kinesis and Momento.
#### The Producer
In the repository's root directory, there is a `producer` directory that holds a Rust program which will load as many Kinesis records as you want. It will run several threads to loop for a specified duration and write those values into Kinesis. This is a test harness so to speak.
The `main` function has the below code to handle the threads. I can configure how many, but by default, I'm just going to kick off 1.
```rust
// THREAD_COUNT defaults to 1 but can be changed to support multiple threads that'll execute
// the thread_runner function as many times as defined in the RECORD_COUNT
let thread_count_var: Result<String, VarError> = std::env::var("THREAD_COUNT");
let thread_count: i32 = thread_count_var
.as_deref()
.unwrap_or("1")
.parse()
.expect("THREAD_COUNT must be an int");
while loop_counter < thread_count {
// create as many threads as defined
let cloned_client = client.clone();
let handle = tokio::spawn(async {
thread_runner(cloned_client).await;
});
handles.push(handle);
loop_counter += 1;
}
while let Some(h) = handles.pop() {
h.await.unwrap();
}
```
It then contains a `thread_runner` function that will loop some number of times (defaults to 10) and write a record into Kinesis. The record has a `location` field which is selected from an array at random.
```rust
async fn thread_runner(client: Client) {
// record count default to 10
let record_count_var: Result<String, VarError> = std::env::var("RECORD_COUNT");
let record_count: i32 = record_count_var
.as_deref()
.unwrap_or("10")
.parse()
.expect("RECORD_COUNT must be an int");
// this is where it publishes.
// RUN the SAM code in the publisher and take the Stream Name and put that in an environment
// variable to make this work
let kinesis_stream =
std::env::var("KINESIS_STREAM_NAME").expect("KINESIS_STREAM_NAME is required");
let mut i = 0;
while i < record_count {
let model_one = ModelOne::new(String::from("Model One"));
// create a new model in the loop and push into kinesis
let model_one_json = serde_json::to_string(&model_one);
let model_one_blob = Blob::new(model_one_json.unwrap());
let key = model_one.get_id();
let result = client
.put_record()
.data(model_one_blob)
.partition_key(key)
.stream_name(kinesis_stream.to_string())
.send()
.await;
match result {
Ok(_) => {
println!("Success!");
}
Err(e) => {
println!("Error putting");
println!("{:?}", e);
}
}
i += 1;
}
}
```
I can then run this program by doing the following.
```bash
cd publisher
cargo build
export KINESIS_STREAM_NAME=<the name of the stream>
cargo run
```
You'll see `Success` printed into the terminal output and records will start showing up in the Lambda Function.
#### The Consumer
I'm getting to the end of this sample so let's dive into the consumer. There is a single Lambda Function that brings together caching with Momento and Rust by hooking up to the Kinesis stream and processing the records.
The function handler takes a `KinesisEvent`, loops the records, and then works with the cache.
```rust
async fn function_handler(
cache_client: &CacheClient,
ddb_client: &aws_sdk_dynamodb::Client,
event: LambdaEvent<KinesisEvent>,
) -> Result<(), Error> {
info!("Starting the loop ...");
// loop the kinesis records
for e in event.payload.records {
// convert the data into a ModelOne
// ModelOne implements the From trait
let mut model_one: ModelOne = e.into();
info!("(ModelOne BEFORE)={:?}", model_one);
// grab the item from storage
let result = fetch_item(ddb_client, cache_client, model_one.read_location.clone()).await;
match result {
Ok(r) => {
model_one.location = r;
info!("(ModelOne AFTER)={:?}", model_one);
}
Err(e) => {
error!("(Err)={:?}", e);
}
}
}
Ok(())
}
```
The main operation inside of the loop is the `fetch_item`. I've written a good bit about [Rust and DynamoDB](https://www.binaryheap.com/api-gateway-lambda-dynamodb-rust/) so I'm not going to highlight the code below, but the way it works is if the item isn't found in the fetch to Momento, it then goes to DynamoDB to grab the record and then execute the set operation that I showed above. The key to making this work in this sample is to have the records in DynamoDB so that I have something to set.
My `ModelOne` struct has a location field which is one of the three values. `['Car', 'House', 'Diner']`. Insert the following records into the Locations table created by the SAM infrastructure template.
```json
{
"location": "Car",
"description": "Car description",
"notes": "Car notes"
}
{
"location": "Diner",
"description": "Diner description",
"notes": "Diner notes"
}
{
"location": "House",
"description": "House description",
"notes": "House notes"
}
```
And that'll do it. When you run the producer above, you'll see a host of output into CloudWatch that highlights the Hits, Misses, DynamoDB queries, and the printing out of a large number of ModelOne structs.
## Wrapping Up
I wrote a few blocks above that 7ms might not be the speed you are looking for, but I'd present you with another opinion. With serverless, I don't stress over the infrastructure, the durability, reliability, or the fact that I might need 10x more capacity today than I needed yesterday. Yes, that comes at a premium but as builders, we need to know how tools and know when they are right and when they are wrong. Serverless to me is still the right solution more than it is the wrong one. And paired with Momento and Rust, I can get a highly performant and extremely scalable solution with very little investment. That will stretch a long way for so many that are shipping value.
To demonstrate that, here's a comparison of when the record was written to Kinesis and when it was read and processed. I'm more than happy with 16ms from write to read. That'll take care of the performance criteria I have in so many requirements.
This is just the first of many scenarios I plan to look at this summer. High performance and serverless aren't at odds. They go hand in hand. And by using the right tools, you can even further enhance your user's experience. Because speed does just that. Enhance user experience. I hope you've enjoyed Caching with Momento and Rust.
And as always, [here is the GitHub repository I've been working through](https://github.com/benbpyle/rust-momento-kinesis-consumer)
Thanks for reading and happy building! | benbpyle | |
1,889,710 | Highly Customizable React Custom Select Box Component | Enhance your user interfaces with a fully customizable React Select Box component. This versatile... | 0 | 2024-06-15T16:44:47 | https://dev.to/gihanrangana/highly-customizable-react-custom-select-box-component-5e45 | react, reactselect, vite, customcomponent | Enhance your user interfaces with a fully customizable React Select Box component. This versatile component replaces standard HTML select boxes with a user-friendly drop-down menu, giving you complete control over style, behavior, and functionality. Build intuitive and interactive forms that seamlessly integrate into your React applications, providing a superior user experience.
Let's get started!
First of all, we must create the HTML layout of our custom select box, Create `Select.tsx` file, and put this HTML into the react component return statement
```html
<div className={styles.wrapper}>
<div className={styles.selectedContainer}>
{!isOpen && <span className={styles.valueContainer}>{value.label}</span>}
<input
title='"Select'
role='combobox'
ref={inputRef}
className={styles.inputContainer}
type='text'
value={query}
onChange={(e) => {
setQuery(e.target.value)
}}
placeholder={!value?.label ? placeholder : isOpen ? placeholder : ""}
readOnly={!isOpen}
onFocus={handleFocus}
/>
</div>
{isOpen &&
<div
className={[styles.optionsList, styles.top].join(' ')}
>
{filteredOptions.map((option) => (
<div
key={option.value}
className={styles.option}
onClick={handleValueChange.bind(null, option)}
>
{option.value === value.value &&
<IoCheckmark />
}
{option.value !== value.value &&
<div className={styles.emptyIcon} />
}
<span>{option.label}</span>
</div>
))}
</div>
}
</div>
```
Create `Selecta .module.scss` file and put all these styles into the file
```scss
.wrapper {
position: relative;
border: 1px solid $ash-light;
min-width: toRem(200);
border-radius: map-get($map: $border-radius, $key: 'md');
background-color: white;
cursor: pointer;
}
.open {
border-color: $primary;
input {
cursor: default !important;
}
}
.selectedContainer {
position: relative;
display: flex;
align-items: center;
justify-content: center;
.inputContainer {
position: relative;
padding: map-get($map: $padding, $key: 'md');
font-size: map-get($map: $font-size, $key: 'md');
box-sizing: border-box;
cursor: default;
z-index: 1;
background-color: transparent;
border: none;
outline: none;
flex: 1;
width: 100%;
padding-right: 25px;
cursor: pointer;
}
.valueContainer {
width: 100%;
position: absolute;
font-size: map-get($map: $font-size, $key: 'md');
right: 0;
left: map-get($map: $padding, $key: 'md');
z-index: 0;
pointer-events: none;
}
.expandIcon {
padding: map-get($map: $padding, $key: 'md');
border-left: 1px solid $ash-light;
display: flex;
align-items: center;
height: 100%;
color: $ash-dark;
}
.clearIcon {
padding: map-get($map: $padding, $key: 'md');
position: absolute;
right: 35px;
height: 100%;
display: flex;
align-items: center;
color: $ash-dark;
z-index: 1;
}
}
.optionsList {
position: absolute;
margin-top: map-get($map: $margin, $key: 'sm');
border-radius: map-get($map: $border-radius, $key: 'sm');
border: 1px solid $ash-light;
width: 100%;
padding: calc(map-get($map: $padding, $key: 'md')/3);
box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 0px 4px 6px -1px, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06) 0px 2px 4px -1px;
// max-height: 200px;
// overflow: auto;
&.top {
top: 100%;
}
.option {
padding: toRem(8) map-get($map: $padding, $key: 'sm');
padding-left: map-get($map: $padding, $key: 'md');
display: flex;
align-items: center;
cursor: default;
font-size: map-get($map: $font-size, $key: 'md');
border-radius: map-get($map: $border-radius, $key: 'sm');
&:hover {
background-color: lighten($color: $ash-light, $amount: 7%);
}
.emptyIcon {
width: 14px;
height: 14px;
}
span {
margin-left: map-get($map: $margin, $key: 'sm');
}
}
}
```
Let's begin to handle the functionality.
1. extracts the props on top of the component and creates selected value variable
```tsx
const { defaultValue, options, placeholder, customStyles, clearable } = props;
const selected: SelectOption = options.find(opt => opt.value === defaultValue) ?? { label: '', value: '' }
```
2. Create react states and refs
```tsx
const [value, setValue] = useState<SelectOption>(selected)
const [filteredOptions, setFilteredOptions] = useState<SelectOption[]>(options ?? [])
const [isOpen, setIsOpen] = useState<boolean>(false)
const [query, setQuery] = useState<string>('')
const inputRef = useRef<HTMLInputElement>(null)
```
3. here, I'm using the useDebounce hook to handle the search input value
```tsx
const _query = useDebounce(query, 150)
```
4. Create useEffect to filter the options based on the input value
```tsx
useEffect(() => {
if (!_query) {
setFilteredOptions(options)
return
}
const regex = new RegExp(_query.toLowerCase(), 'g')
const filtered = options.filter(opt => opt.label.toLowerCase().match(regex) ?? opt.value.toLowerCase().match(regex))
setFilteredOptions(filtered)
}, [_query, options])
```
5. use these functions to handle the select box values
```tsx
const handleValueChange = (option: SelectOption) => {
setValue(option)
setQuery('')
setIsOpen(false)
}
const handleFocus = () => {
setIsOpen(true)
}
```
6. To close the dropdown when clicking outside of the component, I'm using the useClickOutside hook as follows
```tsx
const handleClickOutside = () => {
setIsOpen(false)
}
const wrapperRef = useClickOutside<HTMLDivElement | null>(handleClickOutside)
```
use this `wrapperRef` as a ref for the wrapper div element
```tsx
<div ref={wrapperRef} className={styles.wrapper}>
.......
</div>
```
The demo code is as follows:
{% embed https://stackblitz.com/edit/vitejs-vite-q2qbf8?file=src%2Fcomponents%2FSelect%2FSelect.tsx %}
Follow the above stackblitz demo to get a better understanding of that component. It has used `framer-motion` to animate the drop-down and `simplebar-react` used as a scrollbar and also `react-icons` | gihanrangana |
1,889,707 | Create Stunning Art for Free with SeaArt AI Art Generator | Introduction to SeaArt AI art generator free Are you ready to unlock your inner artist and create... | 0 | 2024-06-15T16:33:22 | https://dev.to/mister_jerry_37e1ecf9b7f7/create-stunning-art-for-free-with-seaart-ai-art-generator-333l | Introduction to SeaArt AI art generator free
Are you ready to unlock your inner artist and create stunning art for free? Say hello to SeaArt AI Art Generator, the innovative tool that will revolutionize the way you express your creativity. With just a few clicks, you can transform simple ideas into breathtaking masterpieces without any artistic skills required. Get ready to dive into a world where imagination meets technology, and let SeaArt take your artistic endeavors to new heights!
#### Examples of Art Created with SeaArt
Dive into the world of creativity with SeaArt AI art generator free, where stunning masterpieces are just a click away. Explore the endless possibilities of generating unique and captivating artwork effortlessly.
From vibrant abstract compositions to intricate digital illustrations, SeaArt offers a diverse range of artistic styles to unleash your imagination. Whether you're a seasoned artist or just starting on your creative journey, this innovative tool is sure to inspire awe-inspiring creations.
Witness how AI technology seamlessly combines algorithms with artistic vision to produce visually striking pieces that push the boundaries of traditional art forms. The fusion of human creativity and machine intelligence results in truly one-of-a-kind artworks that captivate viewers and spark conversations.
Get ready to be amazed by the sheer versatility and innovation behind each piece generated by SeaArt AI art generator. Let your imagination run wild as you explore different themes, colors, and textures through this cutting-edge platform that redefines the essence of digital artistry.
### AI Art Generators: The Future of Digital Creativity
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been making waves in the world of digital creativity, especially with the rise of AI art generators. These innovative tools are revolutionizing the way artists and creators approach their craft, offering endless possibilities for experimentation and inspiration.
By harnessing the power of machine learning algorithms, AI art generator can analyze vast amounts of data to produce unique and stunning artworks in a matter of seconds. The ability to generate various styles and techniques at the click of a button opens up new avenues for artists to explore and push boundaries beyond traditional methods.
As technology continues to advance, we can expect AI art generators to play an increasingly significant role in shaping the future of digital creativity. Artists will be able to collaborate with machines, using them as tools to amplify their ideas and bring them to life in ways previously unimaginable.
The fusion of human creativity with artificial intelligence is not just a trend; it's a glimpse into an exciting future where innovation knows no bounds. With AI art generators leading the way, we're witnessing a transformative shift in how we perceive and engage with art in the digital age.
### Revolutionize Your Creativity with AI Art Generator
Are you ready to take your creativity to the next level? Revolutionize the way you create art with the innovative SeaArt AI art generator. This cutting-edge tool combines technology and artistic expression, giving you endless possibilities to explore. Say goodbye to creative blocks and hello to a world of inspiration at your fingertips.
With SeaArt AI art generator, you can turn your ideas into stunning visual masterpieces in just a few clicks. Whether you're a seasoned artist or just starting out on your creative journey, this tool is designed to spark your imagination and push boundaries like never before.
Embrace the future of digital creativity by harnessing the power of AI art generators. Let go of limitations and embrace experimentation as you unleash your inner artist with ease. The possibilities are truly endless when it comes to creating unique, captivating artwork that reflects your individual style and vision.
Don't let traditional methods confine your creativity any longer – break free from convention and dive into a world where innovation meets imagination with SeaArt AI art generator by your side.
### Conclusion
Embrace the creative possibilities that SeaArt AI art generator free offers. Let your imagination soar as you explore the endless artistic opportunities presented by this innovative tool. With just a few clicks, you can create stunning art pieces that reflect your unique vision and style.
AI art generators like SeaArt are revolutionizing the way we approach digital creativity, making it more accessible and exciting than ever before. Whether you're an experienced artist looking for new inspiration or someone who simply loves to dabble in art, SeaArt AI art generator free is sure to spark your creativity and elevate your artistic endeavors. | mister_jerry_37e1ecf9b7f7 | |
1,889,705 | Mock Data: A Cornerstone of Efficient Software Testing | In the intricate world of software development, testing plays a crucial role in ensuring the... | 0 | 2024-06-15T16:25:47 | https://dev.to/keploy/mock-data-a-cornerstone-of-efficient-software-testing-e0m | In the intricate world of software development, testing plays a crucial role in ensuring the reliability, performance, and overall quality of applications. One of the key elements that facilitate effective testing is the use of mock data. [Mock data](https://keploy.io/test-data-generator), also known as synthetic or dummy data, is artificially created data that mimics real-world data. It is widely used to simulate various scenarios in software testing without the need to use actual production data, thus enhancing both the efficiency and safety of the testing process. This article explores the concept of mock data, its importance, methods of generation, tools, and best practices for its use.
The Importance of Mock Data
1. Data Privacy and Security: Using real production data for testing poses significant risks, including data breaches and privacy violations. Mock data eliminates these risks by providing synthetic data that does not contain sensitive information.
2. Cost Efficiency: Acquiring and maintaining access to real data can be expensive and time-consuming. Mock data provides a cost-effective alternative, allowing testers to generate as much data as needed without additional costs.
3. Comprehensive Testing: Mock data enables the creation of various test scenarios, including edge cases and unusual conditions that might not be present in production data. This comprehensive testing ensures that the software can handle a wide range of situations.
4. Speed and Agility: Mock data can be generated quickly, allowing testers to conduct tests more frequently and iterate rapidly. This agility is particularly beneficial in agile and DevOps environments where continuous testing is essential.
5. Environment Consistency: Using mock data helps maintain consistency across different testing environments. It ensures that tests are repeatable and that results are comparable, which is crucial for reliable testing outcomes.
Methods of Generating Mock Data
1. Manual Creation: Testers can manually create mock data sets based on specific requirements. This method offers complete control over the data but can be labor-intensive and prone to human error.
2. Automated Tools: There are numerous tools available that automate the process of generating mock data. These tools can create large volumes of data quickly and ensure that the data adheres to predefined rules and patterns.
3. Data Masking: This technique involves taking real production data and anonymizing or obfuscating it to protect sensitive information. Data masking maintains the structure and format of the data while ensuring privacy.
4. Data Subsetting: Extracting a representative subset of production data can serve as mock data. This subset should be comprehensive enough to cover all necessary test scenarios.
5. Pattern-Based Generation: Using predefined patterns or templates, mock data can be generated to follow specific formats, such as email addresses, phone numbers, or structured formats like JSON and XML.
Popular Tools for Mock Data Generation
1. Mockaroo: A versatile web-based tool that allows users to create mock data for various testing scenarios. It supports a wide range of data types and formats, including JSON, CSV, and SQL.
2. Faker: An open-source library that generates fake data for various purposes. It is available in multiple programming languages, including Python, Ruby, and JavaScript.
3. JSONPlaceholder: A free online REST API that provides fake online RESTful services for testing and prototyping.
4. RandomUser: An API that generates random user data, including names, addresses, emails, and more. It is useful for testing applications that require user profiles.
5. Tonic.ai: An advanced tool that generates realistic and privacy-compliant synthetic data. It focuses on maintaining data integrity and supporting complex data relationships.
Key Features of Effective Mock Data Tools
1. Data Variety: The ability to generate a wide range of data types, including numerical, textual, date, and complex hierarchical structures.
2. Customization: Providing flexibility to define custom rules, constraints, and data formats to meet specific testing requirements.
3. Scalability: Capability to generate large volumes of data to support performance and load testing.
4. Ease of Integration: Seamless integration with various testing frameworks, databases, and CI/CD pipelines to streamline the testing process.
5. Data Realism: Generating data that closely mimics real-world scenarios to ensure that tests are as realistic as possible.
Best Practices for Using Mock Data
1. Define Clear Requirements: Clearly define the data requirements based on the application’s functionalities and expected user scenarios. This helps in generating relevant and comprehensive mock data sets.
2. Automate Data Generation: Use automated tools to generate mock data. Automation reduces manual effort, increases efficiency, and ensures consistency.
3. Maintain Data Variety: Ensure that the mock data covers a wide range of scenarios, including edge cases and boundary conditions. This comprehensive coverage helps in identifying potential issues.
4. Regular Data Refreshes: Keep mock data up-to-date with regular refreshes to ensure it remains relevant and aligned with the latest changes in the application.
5. Implement Strong Security Measures: When using data masking techniques, ensure that robust security measures are in place to protect sensitive information.
6. Document Data Specifications: Maintain clear documentation of the data specifications, including the rules and patterns used for generation. This documentation helps in maintaining consistency and understanding the context of the data.
Challenges and Considerations
1. Data Realism: One of the main challenges of using mock data is ensuring that it accurately reflects real-world scenarios. Unrealistic data can lead to ineffective testing and undetected issues.
2. Complex Data Relationships: In complex applications, data entities are often interrelated. Ensuring that generated mock data maintains these relationships and adheres to business rules can be challenging.
3. Performance: Generating large volumes of data quickly and efficiently without affecting system performance requires efficient algorithms and processing power.
4. Maintenance Overhead: Keeping the mock data generation rules and scripts up-to-date with changes in the application or business logic involves ongoing effort and attention.
Conclusion
Mock data is an indispensable tool in the software testing arsenal, providing a safe, efficient, and cost-effective way to simulate real-world scenarios and ensure comprehensive testing. By leveraging automated tools and following best practices, organizations can generate high-quality mock data that enhances the reliability and performance of their applications. As software systems continue to grow in complexity and scale, the importance of robust mock data generation and management will only increase, making it a cornerstone of modern software testing strategies.
| keploy | |
1,889,704 | Article Outline for corteiz Hoodie | Importance of comfortable and stylish clothing Overview of corteiz as a brand Introduction to the... | 0 | 2024-06-15T16:23:54 | https://dev.to/corteizhoodiegm/article-outline-for-corteiz-hoodie-1685 | Importance of comfortable and stylish clothing
Overview of [corteiz](https://corteizus.shop/) as a brand
Introduction to the corteiz Hoodie product
Fashion History and Influences
Evolution of hoodies in fashion
Impact of streetwear culture on hoodie popularity
corteiz's contribution to modern fashion trends
Key Features of corteiz Hoodie
Fabric materials used
Design elements and aesthetic appeal
Available colors and sizes
Customization options
Benefits of corteiz Hoodie
Comfort and durability
Versatility in styling
Suitable for various occasions and weather conditions
Customer reviews and testimonials
Design and Craftsmanship
Manufacturing process overview
Quality control measures
Sustainable practices employed by corteiz
Technology in Fashion
Innovations in hoodie design
Integration of tech features (e.g., smart fabrics)
corteiz's approach to blending fashion with technology
Sustainability Practices
corteiz's commitment to eco-friendly materials
Recycling and upcycling initiatives
Impact of sustainable fashion on consumer choices
Fashion Shows and Events
Participation in major fashion events
Showcasing of corteiz Hoodie on runways
Media coverage and celebrity endorsements
Style Tips and Trend Analysis
Current fashion trends influencing hoodie designs
Styling tips for wearing a corteiz Hoodie
Forecast of future hoodie fashion trends
Comparison with Competitors
Analysis of similar hoodie brands
Differentiating factors of corteiz Hoodie
Pricing comparison and value proposition
Customer Care and Support
Ordering process on corteiz's official website
Shipping and delivery options
Return and exchange policies
Customer service effectiveness and responsiveness
Social Media Presence and Marketing
corteiz's strategy for online engagement
Influencer collaborations and brand ambassadors
Impact of social media on brand awareness
Promotional Campaigns
Past marketing campaigns featuring corteiz Hoodie
Success metrics and ROI analysis
Future promotional strategies
FAQ's about corteiz Hoodie
What sizes are available for corteiz Hoodie?
How do I care for my corteiz Hoodie?
Where can I buy corteiz Hoodie online?
Are corteiz Hoodies suitable for all seasons?
Conclusion
Recap of corteiz Hoodie's features and benefits
Call to action for purchasing or exploring more about corteiz products | corteizhoodiegm | |
1,636,352 | Integration testing with Spring Boot and embedded kafka | In several projects, I have encountered difficulties in implementing integration tests for Spring... | 0 | 2024-06-15T16:21:27 | https://dev.to/steffenwda/integration-testing-with-spring-boot-and-embedded-kafka-1ld0 | java, kafka, springboot, testing |
In several projects, I have encountered difficulties in implementing integration tests for Spring Boot applications using Kafka, and developers are often put off by the effort required to implement tests involving Kafka. This post describes the implementation of a simple integration test using an embedded Kafka broker and the test utility code provided by the `spring-kafka-test` dependency, based on a simple example application.
The sample application ingests messages from the `not-enriched-user-data` Kafka topic and then enriches them with data from a database. Finally, the enriched messages are published to the `enriched-user-data Kafka` topic.
You can find the code of the application [here](https://github.com/SteffenWDA/devto-example-integration-test-embedded-kafka#devto-example-integration-test-embedded-kafka). For the application an integration test consisting of the following steps is implemented.
1. publish test data to Kafka topic `not-enriched-user-data`
2. message is consumed by the Kafka listener
3. application enriches message with data
4. application sends enriched message to the topic `enriched-user-data`
5. verify that topic `enriched-user-data` contains message with expected content
## Implementation Integration test
Before the test case can be implemented, some code must be written to enable the actual test case implementation.
```java
@SpringBootTest
@EmbeddedKafka(ports = 9092)
class EmbeddedKafkaIntegrationTest {
@Autowired
KafkaTemplate<String, UserData> kafkaTemplate;
@Autowired
ConsumerFactory<String, EnrichedUserData> consumerFactory;
@Autowired
AdditionalUserInformationRepository additionalUserInformationRepository;
@Test
void executeIntegrationTest() {
.....
}
}
```
With the annotation `@SpringBootTest` the Spring Boot application context is made available during the test execution. From the application context the `KafkaTemplate`, `ConsumerFactory` and `AdditionalUserInformationRepository` are injected using the `@Autowired` annotation. The annotation `@EmbeddedKafka` is used to start an in memory Kafka instance reachable at port `9092`.
The following code shows the actual implementation of the test case.
```java
@Test
void executeIntegrationTest() {
//arrange
final String customerNumber = "customerNumber";
final String userName = "userName";
final String interestingAdditionalInformation = "interesting additional information";
AdditionalUserInformation additionalUserInformation = new AdditionalUserInformation();
additionalUserInformation.setAdditionalInformation(interestingAdditionalInformation);
additionalUserInformation.setCustomerNumber(customerNumber);
additionalUserInformationRepository.save(additionalUserInformation);
Consumer<String, EnrichedUserData> testConsumer = consumerFactory.createConsumer("test", "test");
testConsumer.subscribe(List.of("enriched-user-data"));
//act
kafkaTemplate.send("not-enriched-user-data", new UserData(userName, customerNumber));
//assert
ConsumerRecord<String, EnrichedUserData> receivedRecord = KafkaTestUtils.getSingleRecord(testConsumer, "enriched-user-data");
Assertions.assertAll("",
() -> assertEquals(userName, receivedRecord.value().getUserName()),
() -> assertEquals(customerNumber, receivedRecord.value().getCustomerNumber()),
() -> assertEquals(interestingAdditionalInformation, receivedRecord.value().getEnrichedInfo())
);
}
```
First, an `additionalUserInformation` object is built and saved in the database via the injected `additionalUserInformationRepository`. Then the injected `consumerFactory` object is used to create the Kafka consumer `testConsumer` which subscribes to the `enriched-user-data` topic. With the autowired Kafka template object, a message is sent to the `not-enriched-user-data` topic.
The send message is automatically processed by the Kafka listener of the application. The `getSingleRecord` method from the class `KafkaTestUtils` makes the passed consumer `testConsumer` poll the topic `enriched-user-data` until it receives one record. The retrieved record is used to validate the correct processing of the message.
## Conclusion
The combination of functionality provided by `KafkaTestUtils` and the embedded Kafka instance allows the implementation of integration tests without a lot of effort caused by involvement of Kafka. A key advantage of using an embedded Kafka instance is that it does not require the pulling of container images. As a result, execution is faster than test implementations using the Testcontainers framework, and the tests do not require changes to the existing CI/CD infrastructure to enable image pulling during test execution. | steffenwda |
1,889,661 | ZGC的两种主要的垃圾收集类型 ZGC的两种主要的GC类型 | 在ZGC（Z Garbage Collector）中，有两种主要的垃圾收集类型：Major Collection和Minor Collection。具体如下： Major... | 0 | 2024-06-15T16:20:10 | https://dev.to/truman_999999999/zgcde-liang-chong-zhu-yao-de-la-ji-shou-ji-lei-xing-zgcde-liang-chong-zhu-yao-de-gclei-xing-3aod | zgc, jvm, gc | 在ZGC（Z Garbage Collector）中，有两种主要的垃圾收集类型：Major Collection和Minor Collection。具体如下：
- Major Collection
- Warmup Collections: 当JVM刚启动时，ZGC会进行几次Major Collection作为预热。这些预热的Major Collection帮助JVM和ZGC为后续的垃圾收集做好准备。
- Proactive Collections: 这种类型的Major Collection是由ZGC自动触发的，以确保系统在内存使用量较高之前就开始垃圾收集，从而避免内存不足的情况。这些垃圾收集通常是预测性的，以保持系统稳定性和响应速度。
- Mixed Collections: 在启用了Generational ZGC的情况下，Major Collection不仅会处理老年代的垃圾，还会同时处理年轻代和老年代的垃圾对象。这种方式可以提高垃圾收集的效率和性能。
- Minor Collection
- Young Generation Collection: 在启用了Generational ZGC的情况下，Minor Collection主要处理年轻代（Young Generation）的垃圾对象。年轻代对象通常是生命周期较短的对象，通过Minor Collection可以快速回收这部分内存。
- Concurrent Young Generation Collection: 这是ZGC在后台进行的年轻代垃圾收集，通常是并发进行的，以减少对应用程序运行的影响。通过并发处理，ZGC可以在应用程序运行时收集垃圾对象，从而提高系统的响应速度和效率。
总结：
Major Collection主要包括：预热收集（Warmup Collections）、主动收集（Proactive Collections）和混合收集（Mixed Collections）。
Minor Collection主要处理年轻代（Young Generation）的垃圾，包括并发收集（Concurrent Young Generation Collection）。 | truman_999999999 |
1,889,660 | Viedelite | https://viedelite.com/ | 0 | 2024-06-15T16:07:34 | https://dev.to/viedelite56/viedelite-28op | wellness, skinrejuvenation, facialtreatments, spaservices | https://viedelite.com/ | viedelite56 |
1,889,546 | Go is a platform | Thanks to the Google Developer Experts program, I had the opportunity to participate in Google I/O in... | 0 | 2024-06-15T12:42:25 | https://dev.to/eminetto/go-is-a-platform-2562 | go | ---
title: Go is a platform
published: true
description:
tags: go, golang
# cover_image: https://direct_url_to_image.jpg
# Use a ratio of 100:42 for best results.
# published_at: 2024-06-15 12:39 +0000
---
Thanks to the Google Developer Experts program, I had the opportunity to participate in Google I/O in Mountain View, California, in May this year. Among the various talks I watched, one of my favorites was **Boost performance of Go applications with profile-guided optimization**, which you can watch on [Youtube](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FwzE5Sdhhdw).
Although Profile Guided Optimization (PGO) is one of the most exciting features of the language, what caught my attention the most was the first part of the talk, which [Cameron Balahan](https://www.linkedin.com/in/cameronbalahan/), a Group Product Manager at Google Cloud, presented.
The part that blew my mind was the statement:
[](https://eltonminetto.dev/images/posts/go_is_a_platform.png)
He starts by talking about the "DevOps Life Cycle":
[](https://eltonminetto.dev/images/posts/sldc.png)
And he goes on to highlight the qualities of Go in three crucial aspects:
- development speed;
- security;
- performance.
[](https://eltonminetto.dev/images/posts/go_developer_velocity.png)
My comments on each item mentioned in the images:
- **Easy concurrency:** this is one of the great appeals of the language thanks to goroutines and channels.
- **IDE integrations:** We have great IDEs, like Jetbrains' [Goland](https://www.jetbrains.com/go/promo/) and the [Go plugin](https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/languages/go) for Visual Studio Code.
- **Dependency Management:** The language took a while to adopt this, but having dependency management built into the toolset is very useful. All it takes is one `go get` or `go mod tidy` to install the project's dependencies.
- **Static Binaries:** this speeds up application deployment, as all you need to do is compile, and we have a self-contained executable ready to run.
- **Delve Debugger:** having a powerful debugger already configured in all IDEs speeds up code development and maintenance.
- **Built-in Test Framework:** The test library being built into the standard library accelerates the adoption of techniques such as TDD.
- **Cross-compilation:** I think it's fantastic that my macOS can generate a binary for Windows, Linux, and other platforms in such a simple way.
- **Built-in Formatting:** There is no time wasted discussing how to format your code as the [linter](https://go.dev/blog/gofmt) is already in the language's toolset, and all IDEs can format your code when saving it.
[](https://eltonminetto.dev/images/posts/go_security.png)
- **Module Mirror Checksum DB:** This feature was [launched](https://go.dev/blog/module-mirror-launch) in 2019 and helps ensure the authenticity of the modules the application uses as dependencies.
- **Memory Safe Code:** "Memory Safe is a property of some programming languages that prevents programmers from introducing certain types of bugs related to memory usage." [source](https://www.memorysafety.org/docs/memory-safety/)
- **Compatibility Promise:** This makes choosing Go much safer, especially for companies, as it avoids the need for significant future refactorings, as happened from PHP 4 to PHP 5 or from Python 2 to Python 3, for example—more details on the language [blog](https://go.dev/blog/compat).
- **Vulnerability Scanning:** The [govulncheck](https://go.dev/doc/security/vuln/) tool is essential to the language's toolset and helps us find and fix vulnerabilities in our projects.
- **Built-in Fuzz Testing:** [Fuzz testing](https://go.dev/doc/security/fuzz/) is an advanced technique that increases the test coverage surface with arbitrary values, improving code quality.
- **SBOM Generation:** SBOM stands for *Software Bill of Materials* and presents a detailed inventory of all software components and dependencies within a project. This [post](https://earthly.dev/blog/generating-sbom/) outlines some ways to generate this resource for applications.
- **Source Code Analysis:** Most commercial static code analysis solutions, such as [Sonar](https://www.sonarsource.com/knowledge/languages/go/), support Go, but there are also open-source projects, such as [golangci-lint](https://golangci-lint.run/).
[](https://eltonminetto.dev/images/posts/go_performance.png)
- **Rich Standard Library:** if the motto "with batteries included" had not been used by Python, the Go community could have adopted it. The language's native library has practically everything modern software development needs, from HTTP server/client, tests, JSON parsers, data structures, etc.
- **Built-in profiling:** The language's native library features `pprof`, which allows us to analyze application performance. I wrote about this in another [post](https://eltonminetto.dev/en/post/2020-04-08-golang-pprof/).
- **Runtime Tracing:** The team behind the language development recently [improved](https://go.dev/blog/execution-traces-2024) the tracing feature, increasing the details we can collect from applications to understand their behavior.
- **Self-tuning GC:** Go has one of the most modern Garbage Collector implementations, and more details are available on the language [blog](https://tip.golang.org/doc/gc-guide).
- **Dynamic Race Detector:** Another [feature](https://go.dev/doc/articles/race_detector) built into the language that helps detect problems faster in the development and testing phase.
- **Profile-guided Optimization:** This [feature](https://go.dev/doc/pgo) has significantly reduced resource consumption. The talk that generated this post provides more details.
I liked this way of presenting the language because it briefly shows the entire ecosystem around it and all the benefits we receive when adopting it.
What do you think of this vision? Have you ever felt this way?
Originally published at [https://eltonminetto.dev](https://eltonminetto.dev/en/post/2024-06-12-go-is-a-plataform/) on Jun 12, 2024
| eminetto |
1,889,657 | Income Tax Books: Your Comprehensive Guide to Navigating Tax Laws, Maximizing Deductions, and Planning for Financial Achievement | It can be challenging for many people and organizations to steer the complex planet of income tax.... | 0 | 2024-06-15T15:57:32 | https://dev.to/examo_pedia_1f207427137a6/income-tax-books-your-comprehensive-guide-to-navigating-tax-laws-maximizing-deductions-and-planning-for-financial-achievement-3i00 | webdev, javascript | It can be challenging for many people and organizations to steer the complex planet of income tax. Financial success is mainly dependent on knowing the variation of tax legislation, making calculated plans, and utilizing deductions. The goal of this thorough book is to demystify income tax so that you can manage this essential area of personal and business finance with the awareness and resources you need.
Recognizing Income Tax Laws
The fundament of our financial obligations to the government is laid by income tax legislation. They use detail about our income, credits, deductions, and other financial details to determine how much tax we should pay. It's important to understand concepts like taxable income, marginal tax rates, and filing statuses in order to navigate these rules.
A trustworthy income tax show explains these ideas in simple terms and offers situations and examples to show how they may be used. It guarantees that you are aware of your legal responsibilities and rights, assisting you in avoiding typical traps and abidance problems.
Maximizing Deductions: Your Path to Savings
Deductions are valuable instrument for minimize taxable income and ultimately lowering your tax bill. They come in several forms, such as standard deductions and itemized deductions for expenses like mortgage interest, charitable bequest, and medical expenses. Knowing which deductions apply to your case and how to maximize them can significantly impact your finances.
This lead not only outlines the different types of deductions but also offers strategies to optimize your tax savings. It accentuate the importance of keeping accurate records and receipts all over the year to support your deduction claims during tax filing season.
Effective Tax Planning for Financial Achievement
Good tax planning involves more than just filling out papers; it also entails making calculated choices that will impact your financial situation in the long run. This involves retirement planning, estate planning, and knowing the tax ramifications of investments.
Investing in retirement accounts like IRAs and 401(k)s is one way to implement tax-efficient investment techniques; a thorough income tax book can provide you insight into this. By making these contributions, you can lower your taxable income now while also accumulating money for the future. In order to reduce inheritance taxes and guarantee a seamless transfer of assets to your heirs, it also covers estate planning strategies.
Useful Advice for Taxpayers
This article explains tax rules and strategies and give helpful suggestion to make tax preparation easier. It addresses subjects such as:
Keeping Financial Records Organized: A Guide to Keeping Your Records Organized All Year Long to smooth Your Tax Return Filing.
Tax Filing Deadlines: Crucial times and dates to recall in order to file your taxes on time.
Help for Tax Audit Preparation: Advice on how to get ready for an IRS audit and what to do if one is manage.
Seeking Professional Advice: It's censorious to speak with a tax expert for individualized direction and advice based on your unique financial circumstances.
In summary
Although navigating income tax might be demanding, you can approach it clearly and confidently if you have the correct advice. Your go-to resource for comprehending income tax regulations, maximizing deductions, and making plans for a stable financial future is **["Income Tax Books](https://examopedia.com/product/acca-adv-taxation-study-text-book/
)**: Your Comprehensive Guide to Navigating Tax Laws, Maximizing Deductions, and Planning for Financial Success".
You give yourself the power to make wise financial decisions that advance both your short- and long-term objectives by devoting time to studying income tax rules and utilizing deductions. Recall that attaining financial success and optimizing savings require smart tax preparation. Take confident charge of your financial journey by delving into the world of income taxes.
| examo_pedia_1f207427137a6 |
1,889,655 | Day 19 of my progress as a vue dev | About today Today I coded the logic for the audio clip management and how the should be stored and... | 0 | 2024-06-15T15:55:12 | https://dev.to/zain725342/day-19-of-my-progress-as-a-vue-dev-1j0n | webdev, vue, typescript, tailwindcss | **About today**
Today I coded the logic for the audio clip management and how the should be stored and handled on the app and what the interface for it will look like. The visual is just like most audio editors, showing clips in the form on drag-able divs that can be visualized and can be interacted with.
**What's next?**
I need to figure out a way to loop through the audio clips simultaneously and attach the clips together without a break so it seems like a in one flow when put together.
**Improvements required**
I need to make the audio clips drag-able across the the screen to be picked from one lane and dropped to the other attached to different clip to be placed next to it I have to figure that out as will which I think will improve the app and make it interactive.
Wish me luck! | zain725342 |
1,889,654 | 5 Auth0 Gotchas to Consider | Using an identity provider (IDP) for user management has become the norm these days. And while it can... | 0 | 2024-06-15T15:53:35 | https://dev.to/ujjavala/5-auth0-gotchas-to-consider-3g96 | webdev, security, api, development | Using an identity provider (IDP) for user management has become the norm these days. And while it can get daunting to choose the best idp from the _ala carte_, it could help identify some of the shortcomings beforehand.
Given below are a few of Auth0's gotchas that I have come across and sincerely wish I knew them earlier.
## Configurability Compromises:
Well, this could be a tough one for many, as the one thing that developers value the most is the power of configurability. Auth0 does offer decent configurations; however, if one really wants to tweak something, the API sometimes falls short.
Some of the limited or non-configurable features that I have faced are:
1. Customisations offered around their universal login
1. Changes around the rate limits and throttle
1. Email templates for sending out notifications (I have a whole other blog right [here](https://dev.to/ujjavala/notifications-using-auth0-events-and-webhooks-2869) where I have a workaround for this.)
## Forgotten Flows:
Auth0 has this concept of actions, which are basically functions that execute at a certain point. A flow would have a set of actions that would get triggered as a result of an event. Auth0 has [flows](https://auth0.com/docs/customize/actions/flows-and-triggers) for login and a couple of other events, but surprisingly, it doesn't have one for logout. Now this is a pain point because there could be actions that you would want to trigger once a user logs out. Sure, you could depend on the SLO event, but it would make more sense if they had a separate flow for logout.
## Awkward Apis
I have seen many, but the ones that definitely need a rewrite are their [passwordless apis](https://auth0.com/docs/authenticate/passwordless/implement-login/embedded-login/relevant-api-endpoints). Here, fields like the email or phone number of the users can be compromised way before they have logged in, thereby paving the way for brute force and other attacks. In fact, Auth0 can easily solve this problem by simply replacing these fields with user_ids, just like in their other APIs.
This is what the one of the passwordless api looks like:
```
POST https://{yourDomain}/passwordless/start
Content-Type: application/json
{
"client_id": "{yourClientID}",
"client_secret": "{yourClientSecret}", // For Regular Web Applications
"connection": "email|sms",
"email": "{email}", //set for connection=email
"phone_number": "{phoneNumber}", //set for connection=sms
"send": "link|code", //if left null defaults to link
"authParams": { // any authentication parameters that you would like to add
"scope": "openid", // used when asking for a magic link
"state": "{yourState}" // used when asking for a magic link, or from the custom login page
}
}
```
## Insufficient Information
Teams that use Auth0 heavily rely on their logs and [log event type codes](https://auth0.com/docs/deploy-monitor/logs/log-event-type-codes) when it comes to debugging and monitoring. And yet, Auth0 doesn't send user_id when there is a password leak (pwd_leak) or when an IP address is blocked because it has reached the maximum number of failed login attempts on a single account (limit_wc). Now, this is concerning because tying the event back to the user_id could get really cumbersome, as then we need to rely on other attributes. This can be easily solved if user_id is also included in these events.
## Documentation Daze
I found that sometimes Auth0 documentation can be really confusing, and it could take hours to find relevant information. Most often than not, I have found leads in their community support channel (which is very active and helpful) rather than the documentation. This also proves that many have been in or are in the same boat as me, so hopefully this blog helps at least some of them.
These gotchas are honestly head-ups that should be considered while working with Auth0. No software is perfect. Having said that, knowing the imperfections in advance surely ensures quicker workarounds, lesser bewilderment, and, most importantly, a good night's sleep.
P.C. [unsplash](https://unsplash.com/photos/yellow-and-black-no-smoking-sign-pzJgANvTaa8)
| ujjavala |
1,889,653 | Install zsh-autocomplete on WSL2 | What is zsh-autocomplete? Real-time type-ahead completion for Zsh. Asynchronous... | 0 | 2024-06-15T15:52:31 | https://dev.to/0xkoji/install-zsh-autocomplete-on-wsl2-21ij | wsl, ubuntu, cli | ## What is zsh-autocomplete?
> Real-time type-ahead completion for Zsh. Asynchronous find-as-you-type autocompletion.
{% github marlonrichert/zsh-autocomplete %}
```shell
git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-autosuggestions ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-~/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/zsh-autosuggestions
```
Add the following to `.zshrc`
```shell
plugins=(
git
zsh-autosuggestions
)
``` | 0xkoji |
1,889,400 | Difference between XHTML and HTML | What is XHTML? XHTML stands for EXtensible HyperText Markup Language XHTML is a stricter,... | 0 | 2024-06-15T08:01:18 | https://dev.to/wasifali/difference-between-xhtml-and-html-2gm4 | webdev, css, learning, html | ## **What is XHTML?**
XHTML stands for EXtensible HyperText Markup Language
XHTML is a stricter, more XML-based version of HTML
XHTML is HTML defined as an XML application
XHTML is supported by all major browsers
## **Why XHTML is used?**
XML is a markup language where all documents must be marked up correctly (be "well-formed").
XHTML was developed to make HTML more extensible and flexible to work with other data formats (such as XML). In addition, browsers ignore errors in HTML pages, and try to display the website even if it has some errors in the markup. So XHTML comes with a much stricter error handling.
## **The Most Important Differences from HTML**
`<!DOCTYPE>` is mandatory
The xmlns attribute in `<html>` is mandatory
`<html>`, `<head>`, `<title>`, and `<body>` are mandatory
Elements must always be properly nested
Elements must always be closed
Elements must always be in lowercase
Attribute names must always be in lowercase
Attribute values must always be quoted
Attribute minimization is forbidden
## **XHTML - `<!DOCTYPE ....>` Is Mandatory**
An XHTML document must have an XHTML `<!DOCTYPE>` declaration.
The `<html>`, `<head>`, `<title>`, and `<body>` elements must also be present, and the xmlns attribute in `<html>` must specify the xml namespace for the document.
```HTML
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<title>Title of document</title>
</head>
<body>
some content here...
</body>
</html>
```
## **XHTML Elements Must be Properly Nested**
In XHTML, elements must always be properly nested within each other
## **Correct**
```HTML
<b><i>Some text</i></b>
```
## **Wrong**
```HTML
<b><i>Some text</b></i>
```
## **XHTML Elements Must Always be Closed**
In XHTML, elements must always be closed
## **Correct**
```HTML
<p>This is a paragraph</p>
<p>This is another paragraph</p>
```
## **Wrong**
```HTML
<p>This is a paragraph
<p>This is another paragraph
```
## **XHTML Empty Elements Must Always be Closed**
In XHTML, empty elements must always be closed
## **Correct**
```HTML
A break: <br />
A horizontal rule: <hr />
An image: <img src="happy.gif" alt="Happy face" />
```
## **Wrong**
```HTML
A break: <br>
A horizontal rule: <hr>
An image: <img src="happy.gif" alt="Happy face">
```
## **XHTML Elements Must be in Lowercase**
In XHTML, element names must always be in lowercase, like this:
## **Correct**
```HTML
<body>
<p>This is a paragraph</p>
</body>
```
## **Wrong**
```HTML
<BODY>
<P>This is a paragraph</P>
</BODY>
```
## **XHTML Attribute Names Must be in Lowercase**
In XHTML, attribute names must always be in lowercase, like this:
## **Correct**
```HTML
<a href="https://www.w3schools.com/html/">Visit our HTML tutorial</a>
```
## **Wrong**
```HTML
<a HREF="https://www.w3schools.com/html/">Visit our HTML tutorial</a>
```
## **What is HTML?**
HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language
HTML is the standard markup language for creating Web pages
HTML describes the structure of a Web page
HTML consists of a series of elements
HTML elements tell the browser how to display the content
HTML elements label pieces of content such as "this is a heading", "this is a paragraph", "this is a link", etc.
## **A Simple HTML Document**
```HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Page Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>My First Heading</h1>
<p>My first paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
```
| wasifali |
1,889,652 | Discover the Top 23 CSS Frameworks for 2023 | The Web’s landscape is continuously evolving, and a key driver behind it is CSS (Cascading Style... | 0 | 2024-06-15T15:52:12 | https://dev.to/pcloudy_ssts/discover-the-top-23-css-frameworks-for-2023-2bhd | automationtesting, trypcloudynow, crossbrowsercompatibility | The Web’s landscape is continuously evolving, and a key driver behind it is CSS (Cascading Style Sheets). Ensuring an engaging and immersive website experience can undeniably convert more customers or viewers, and this effectiveness can be multiplied by the right CSS framework.
CSS frameworks give developers a solid foundation to build upon, offering efficiency and time-saving advantages. This guide will take you through some of the best CSS frameworks you can utilize in 2023.
What is a CSS Framework?
A CSS framework simplifies website styling for developers and designers. They offer pretested, easy-to-reuse style definitions, ensuring your website looks seamless on all popular browsers and mobile devices – an essential factor considering the ubiquity of mobile surfing.
Different CSS frameworks use varying methods to achieve their goals. Some rely solely on JavaScript, some employ particular JavaScript frameworks, while others stick to pure HTML and CSS.
Benefits of using CSS Frameworks
A CSS framework serves as a springboard for website development. They offer ready-to-use CSS and HTML files, simplifying the website building process.
Here’s why you should consider using CSS frameworks:
Saves Time: CSS frameworks eliminate the need to start from scratch, saving substantial development time.
Consistency: Predefined styles and components ensure a consistent look and feel across web pages or applications.
Responsive Design: Many CSS frameworks are designed to be responsive, adapting to various screen sizes and devices.
[Cross-Browser Compatibility](https://www.pcloudy.com/blogs/cross-browser-compatibility-testing/): CSS frameworks are frequently tested across many browsers and platforms, streamlining cross-platform code testing for developers.
Easy Customization: While providing predefined components and styles, CSS frameworks are also designed to be easily customizable.
Objectives of CSS Frameworks
The primary goals of a CSS framework are:
Separate presentation from content: CSS frameworks allow developers to separate a website’s presentation from its HTML content, simplifying maintenance and modifications.
Consistency: Maintain a consistent look and feel across all website pages.
Accessibility: Facilitate building websites that are accessible to users with impairments.
Browser compatibility: Ensure consistent website display across different browsers and devices.
Maintainability: Simplify the maintenance and updating of a website’s styling over time.
Performance optimization: Enhance website performance by reducing the size and complexity of CSS files.
Best CSS Frameworks to Use in 2023
Choosing the best CSS framework can be daunting given the plethora of options available. This list is based on the satisfaction ratio ranking from the State of CSS 2022 report.
1) TailwindCSS
TailwindCSS is an efficient CSS framework that prioritizes utility-first principles to swiftly construct tailor-made user interfaces.. It’s a highly customizable, low-level CSS framework that offers an alternative approach to CSS than traditional semantic class names. Instead of providing a predefined set of component classes (e.g., .btn, .card, etc.), Tailwind provides low-level utility classes (e.g., .text-center, .font-bold, .p-4) that allow you to construct components directly in your markup.
Benefits of TailwindCSS:
Efficiency: With the utility-first CSS structure, TailwindCSS allows for faster development time once the conventions are understood.
Customizability: It’s highly customizable, and you can configure everything about the styles, from the color palette, to the breakpoints, to the margin and padding scales, and more.
Responsiveness: TailwindCSS includes responsive variants for most of its utilities, making it easy to build responsive interfaces.
Small Footprint: After configuration, your CSS size can be significantly smaller compared to other CSS frameworks, leading to faster load times.
Cons of TailwindCSS:
Learning Curve: TailwindCSS comes with a steep learning curve. The utility-first concept can be difficult to grasp initially for those accustomed to traditional CSS or other CSS frameworks.
Verbose Syntax: The classes in Tailwind can get quite lengthy. The more styling you need, the more verbose your markup becomes, which can lead to decreased readability.
Initial Setup Time: Configuring TailwindCSS for the first time can take longer than traditional CSS frameworks, especially when customizing the configuration file.
Need for Purging: Since TailwindCSS generates a lot of utility classes, the final CSS size can be huge if not purged correctly.
2) PureCSS
PureCSS encompasses a collection of compact and adaptable CSS modules intended for integration into any web project. It is constructed upon Normalize.css and furnishes comprehensive layout and styling capabilities for native HTML elements, along with commonly used UI components. It’s minimalistic and light, with the entire set of modules clocking in at 3.8KB* minified and gzipped.
Benefits of PureCSS:
Minimalistic: PureCSS is extremely lightweight, making it a great choice for performance-critical situations.
Modularity: You can select what you want to use. This makes PureCSS very versatile and adaptable to various project sizes.
Responsive Grids: It offers responsive grids and layouts out of the box, allowing developers to build responsive websites easily.
Native HTML Styling: It provides default styling for native HTML elements which can be a great productivity boost.
Cons of PureCSS
Limited Components: PureCSS only provides basic styles for some components. For complex or custom UI components, you’ll need to write a lot of CSS from scratch, which could be time-consuming.
Less Community Support: Compared to other CSS frameworks, PureCSS has less community support. It may be harder to find solutions for specific problems or use cases.
Lack of Theming Capabilities: PureCSS doesn’t provide a built-in way to theme your applications, which could be a limitation for some projects.
Test your Pure CSS-based mobile and web apps across 5000+ real device and browser environments. [Try pCloudy Now!](https://device.pcloudy.com/signup)
3) Ant Design
Ant Design is a set of high-quality React components out of the box which are written in TypeScript. It’s one of the most famous UI libraries for React. It provides a complete solution with a vast number of components and varied functionality for building rich user interfaces.
Benefits of Ant Design:
Comprehensive: Ant Design offers a wide variety of components and tools for creating complex and feature-rich applications.
Design Consistency: It’s built following a set design specification named “The Ant Design System for Enterprise,” which helps in building consistent and stunning user interfaces.
Localization and Internationalization: Ant Design supports locale setting for globalization and comes with built-in language support for components.
Strong Community and Ecosystem: Ant Design has a large and active community which means that it’s continually evolving and issues are quickly resolved.
Cons of Ant Design:
Size: Ant Design is relatively heavy. If you’re only using a few components, it may be overkill and add unnecessary bloat to your application.
Customizability: While Ant Design provides a large number of components and options, customization can be more complicated and difficult compared to some other libraries.
Learning Curve: Given its breadth of components and functionality, there can be a steep learning curve, especially for those new to React or TypeScript.
Design Overload: Some developers find that Ant Design is overly designed, which means you might spend time overriding styles to achieve a simpler or more brand-specific aesthetic.
4) Primer
Primer serves as the CSS framework empowering GitHub’s front-end design, specifically tailored to include essential components that grant our developers utmost flexibility while maintaining the distinct GitHub aesthetic. It deliberately focuses on common elements to preserve GitHub’s unique identity. It’s designed to be lightweight, modular, and easy to understand and build upon.
Benefits of Primer:
Modular and Scalable: Primer is designed to be scalable, adaptable, and modular. Its Sass-based build system enables developers to import only the modules and elements they need.
Detailed Documentation: Primer has detailed documentation, making it easier for developers to get started and understand the available components.
Strong Community Support: Given it’s used by GitHub, it has a strong community and regular updates, ensuring its longevity and reliability.
Cons of Primer:
Limited Components: Primer is purposefully limited in scope to common components, which means it might not be the best choice for a project requiring a wide range of components or a highly unique aesthetic.
Less Customizable: Compared to other CSS frameworks, customization options are less in Primer, which can limit creativity.
GitHub-centric: Some styles and components are very specific to GitHub’s style and design, which might not be ideal for every project.
5) Bulma
Bulma, an open-source and freely available CSS framework, is built upon the Flexbox layout model.
Benefits of Bulma:
Easy to Learn and Use: Bulma is based on Flexbox, making it a bit more straightforward to grasp for developers familiar with this layout module.
No JavaScript: Bulma is purely CSS, meaning it doesn’t come with any JavaScript dependencies or components.
Modularity: You can import only the features you need, making your CSS efficient and lean.
Cons of Bulma:
Lack of JS Components: As a pure CSS framework, Bulma does not provide out-of-the-box JavaScript components, unlike some other popular frameworks (like Bootstrap or Material-UI).
Limited Built-In Customization: While you can customize Bulma with Sass variables, there are less built-in themes compared to other CSS frameworks.
Community Support: While the Bulma community is growing, it’s still smaller than communities around some other frameworks, which may affect the availability of resources and third-party plugins.
6) UIkit
UIkit is a nimble and modular front-end framework designed to facilitate the rapid development of robust and high-performing web interfaces. It offers a comprehensive set of HTML, CSS, and JS components that are simple to use, easy to customize, and extendable.
Benefits of UIkit:
Component Variety: UIkit offers a wide array of components, making it a suitable choice for a variety of projects.
Customizable: UIkit provides many customization options, allowing developers to adjust the design according to their requirements.
Responsiveness: UIkit offers responsive grid system and components, ensuring your designs look good on all devices.
Cons of UIkit:
Less Community Support: Compared to larger frameworks like Bootstrap, the community around UIkit is smaller, which may lead to fewer community resources and slower issue resolution.
Learning Curve: Although it’s well-documented, UIkit’s unique class naming convention can make it a bit harder to learn, especially for beginners.
Need for Additional Tools: Some components and functionality of UIkit require jQuery and other additional tools to be included, which can increase complexity and affect performance.
7) Semantic UI
Semantic UI is a development framework that simplifies the creation of visually appealing and responsive layouts by utilizing HTML structures that are intuitive and easy for humans to understand. Its goal is to make the UI building process more semantic and human-friendly with the help of concise HTML, intuitive JavaScript, and simplified debugging.
Benefits of Semantic UI:
Intuitive: The class names in Semantic UI are highly intuitive, making it easy to understand and use. This can enhance productivity, especially for teams where HTML/CSS is not the primary focus.
Theming: Semantic UI has built-in theming capabilities that allow for a lot of flexibility and customization.
Integration: It works well with third-party libraries like React, Angular, Meteor, Ember, and many more.
Cons of Semantic UI:
Performance: The framework is quite large in size, which could potentially slow down website performance.
Community Support: Semantic UI has less community support compared to other larger CSS frameworks.
Learning Curve: Despite its intuitive naming conventions, getting up to speed with Semantic UI and understanding its unique approach may require some time.
8) Materialize CSS
Materialize CSS is a contemporary and responsive CSS framework that draws inspiration from Google’s Material Design principles. It’s designed to provide components that look and feel like Google’s Material Design.
Benefits of Materialize CSS:
Material Design: If you’re a fan of Material Design, Materialize CSS offers you a quick and easy way to apply that design language to your projects.
Comprehensive Components: It provides a wide range of components, from basic elements like buttons and cards to more complex items like carousels and modals.
Ease of Use: Materialize CSS is generally easy to use, with clear documentation and examples.
Cons of Materialize CSS:
Customization: It can be a bit more challenging to customize compared to some other CSS frameworks.
Size: The size of the framework is relatively large, which might not be ideal for performance-critical applications.
Dependency: It relies on jQuery for some of its components, which might not be ideal for projects that aim to avoid jQuery.
9) Tachyons
Tachyons is a CSS framework that’s focused on functional CSS and aims to promote a more functional programming approach to styling. It’s built to be highly modular and promotes a compositional design approach.
Benefits of Tachyons:
Functional CSS: Tachyons promotes the idea of writing CSS in a “functional” way, where classes do one thing and do it well. This approach can lead to more predictable and easier-to-debug styles.
Performance: Tachyons is very lightweight, so it’s an excellent choice for performance-conscious developers.
Customizable: Tachyons is built to be modified and customized to suit your project’s specific needs.
Cons of Tachyons:
Verbose HTML: Because of its functional CSS approach, your HTML can end up being quite verbose, as many classes are often needed to style an element.
Learning Curve: The functional CSS concept can be challenging to grasp, especially for beginners.
Community Support: Tachyons has a smaller community compared to larger, more established CSS frameworks, which may affect the availability of learning resources and plugins.
10) Halfmoon
Halfmoon is a front-end framework built with a strong focus on user experience, responsiveness, and accessibility. It is designed to be a strong contender for projects that would otherwise use frameworks like Bootstrap or Bulma.
Benefits of Halfmoon:
Dark Mode: Halfmoon offers built-in dark mode functionality, which is a popular feature in modern web applications.
User Experience: Halfmoon puts a strong focus on UX, with features like form control, custom scrollbars, and smart pagination.
No JavaScript Dependency: Halfmoon provides an optional JS library. This means that, unlike many other frameworks, you can use Halfmoon without a JavaScript dependency if you prefer.
Cons of Halfmoon:
Community Support: Being a relatively new player in the field, Halfmoon does not yet have the extensive community support enjoyed by some more established frameworks.
Learning Curve: While not overly complex, any new framework requires some time investment to learn and understand how to use it effectively.
11) Bootstrap
Bootstrap is one of the most popular front-end frameworks, known for its responsive design capabilities. It provides a wide array of components, an extensive grid system, and utilities to create responsive web applications.
Benefits of Bootstrap:
Extensive Documentation: Bootstrap offers extensive documentation, making it a good choice for beginners.
Broad Community: Due to its popularity, Bootstrap has a large community and numerous resources available online.
Customizability: Bootstrap provides a robust list of Sass variables and mixins, allowing you to customize the framework to your needs.
Cons of Bootstrap:
Size: Bootstrap can be quite large, leading to longer loading times, especially if you’re only using a subset of the framework.
Similarity of Designs: As Bootstrap is so widely used, websites built with it can tend to look and feel similar unless substantial customization is undertaken.
JavaScript Dependence: Some of Bootstrap’s components rely on jQuery, which might not be ideal for those trying to avoid using jQuery in their projects.
12) Foundation
Foundation encompasses a suite of responsive front-end frameworks that streamline the process of designing visually captivating and responsive websites, applications, and emails.It’s known for its flexibility, modular approach, and comprehensive range of components.
Benefits of Foundation:
Flexibility: Foundation is extremely flexible and can be used for building a variety of web projects, from websites to emails and apps.
Modularity: It follows a modular approach, allowing developers to include only what they need, which can lead to performance improvements.
Advanced Features: Foundation comes with some advanced features not commonly found in other CSS frameworks, such as an XY grid, responsive typography, and more.
Cons of Foundation:
Complexity: Foundation’s flexibility and wide range of features can make it more complex to learn, especially for beginners.
Community Size: While it has a fair-sized community, it’s not as large as that of Bootstrap, which may impact the availability of learning resources and plugins.
Overwhelming for Simple Projects: Given its range of features, Foundation can be a bit overkill for simpler projects.
13) Spectre.css
Spectre.css is an agile, responsive, and contemporary CSS framework designed to expedite development while allowing for expandability and flexibility. It’s based on Flexbox and provides basic styles for typography and elements, flexbox-based responsive layout system, CSS components, and utilities with best practice coding and consistent design language.
Benefits of Spectre.css:
Lightweight: Spectre is very lightweight (only ~10KB gzipped) which makes it an excellent choice for performance-focused projects.
Modern and Extensible: Spectre uses modern standards and can be easily extended with its Sass/SCSS source files.
Flexbox-Based: The use of Flexbox makes it easier to create flexible layout and align items within a container.
Cons of Spectre.css:
Limited Components: Compared to some larger frameworks like Bootstrap, Spectre offers fewer components out of the box.
Community Support: Spectre has a smaller community which may result in fewer resources and slower issue resolution.
14) Milligram
Milligram is a minimalist CSS framework providing a minimal setup of styles for a fast and clean starting point. It doesn’t focus on providing a plethora of components but rather offers minimal styles, a small footprint, and flexibility.
Benefits of Milligram:
Minimalistic: Milligram is perfect for projects where you don’t want a heavy-handed reset or lots of pre-defined styles.
Lightweight: At only 2KB gzipped, Milligram is very lightweight, which is great for performance.
Flexibility: Milligram does not impose strict styles, allowing for a more custom-designed look and feel.
Cons of Milligram:
Limited Components: Milligram only provides minimal styles and no pre-designed components.
Community Support: The community around Milligram is smaller compared to larger frameworks, potentially resulting in fewer resources and plugins.
15) Picnic CSS
Picnic CSS is a lightweight and beautiful library made with CSS3 that allows you to build responsive web interfaces easily and quickly. It provides a modern, minimal base for styles and several elegant components.
Benefits of Picnic CSS:
Ease of Use: Picnic CSS is designed to be simple and easy to use.
Lightweight: The entire library is just about 10KB gzipped, making it very lightweight and fast.
No JavaScript Dependency: Picnic CSS provides pure CSS components, so there is no need for JavaScript.
Cons of Picnic CSS:
Limited Components: Picnic CSS is not as comprehensive as some of the larger CSS frameworks.
Community Support: As a smaller framework, Picnic CSS doesn’t have a large community or a lot of additional resources available.
16) Buefy
Buefy is a lightweight library of responsive UI components for Vue.js based on Bulma.
Benefits of Buefy:
Lightweight: Being lightweight, Buefy does not include any internal dependencies apart from Vue & Bulma.
Ease of Use: Buefy’s components are easy to use with clear and comprehensive documentation.
Integration with Vue.js: It is developed specifically for Vue.js, which makes it a good choice for projects using Vue.
Cons of Buefy:
Limited to Vue.js: It is specifically designed to work with Vue.js, which could be a disadvantage if you’re using a different JavaScript framework.
Dependency on Bulma: Buefy’s dependency on Bulma could be a disadvantage if you prefer to work with a different CSS framework.
Smaller Community: The community around Buefy is not as large as some other frameworks, which can limit the availability of resources and support.
17) Water.css
Water.css is a just-add-css collection of styles to make simple websites like markdown documents or blogs look nice.
Benefits of Water.css:
Zero Configuration: It doesn’t require any configuration or class-naming, you just include it in your project, and it will automatically apply its styles.
Simplicity: It’s very straightforward and easy to use, especially for simple projects.
Lightweight: It’s a pretty lightweight framework, which is great for performance.
Cons of Water.css:
Limited Use Cases: It’s primarily designed for simple websites, like markdown documents or personal blogs, and might not be sufficient for more complex web applications.
Limited Customization: It lacks extensive customization options compared to larger, more complex CSS frameworks.
Limited Components: Water.css doesn’t provide styled UI components like some other CSS frameworks do.
18) Cirrus
Cirrus is a fully responsive and comprehensive CSS framework with a beautiful, minimal design.
Benefits of Cirrus:
Responsive and Comprehensive: It’s built to be fully responsive and comes with a comprehensive set of CSS classes to help build your interface.
Customizability: It’s designed to be highly customizable and adaptable to various design needs.
Grid System: Cirrus comes with a flexible grid system that supports up to 12 columns.
Cons of Cirrus:
Learning Curve: It may take some time to understand and get familiar with all the classes and modules Cirrus offers.
Size: While not the largest, it’s not as lightweight as some of the minimalist CSS frameworks.
Smaller Community: The community around Cirrus is relatively small, which can limit the availability of resources and support.
19) CardinalCSS
CardinalCSS is a CSS framework that focuses on performance, readability, and efficiency.
Benefits of CardinalCSS:
Performance-Focused: CardinalCSS is designed to be efficient and fast, which can lead to better website performance.
Scalability: It’s built with scalability in mind, making it a good choice for large projects.
Readability: It encourages a more readable, maintainable codebase.
Cons of CardinalCSS:
Lack of Components: CardinalCSS provides more of a starting point than a full-featured CSS framework and does not include pre-styled components.
Lesser Known: It’s not as widely known or used as some other CSS frameworks, which may impact the availability of resources and community support.
Limited Theming Capabilities: It does not provide as many theming options out of the box as some other CSS frameworks.
20) Base
Base is a super simple, responsive design framework intended to make your life easier.
Benefits of Base:
Simplicity: Base is very simple and easy to use, which can help speed up development times.
Responsive: It includes a responsive grid system and simple CSS classes to make designing responsive websites easier.
Normalize.css: Base uses Normalize.css to make sure that browsers render all elements consistently.
Cons of Base:
Limited Components: Base does not provide as many pre-styled components as larger CSS frameworks.
Limited Customization: It doesn’t offer as many customization options out of the box as some other frameworks.
Smaller Community: The community around Base is relatively small, which may impact the availability of resources and community support.
21) Chota
Chota is a really small CSS framework that’s perfect for developing lightweight, fast, and responsive websites.
Benefits of Chota:
Lightweight: Chota is extremely small in size, with a gzipped weight of just 3KB.
Simplicity: Chota has an easy-to-understand grid and simple component structure, which can make for faster development times.
Flexibility: Because it’s so simple, Chota is also very flexible and easy to customize to fit your needs.
Cons of Chota:
Limited Components: Chota doesn’t offer as many pre-styled components as larger CSS frameworks.
Lack of Features: Some features available in larger CSS frameworks, like built-in form validation or advanced grid options, are not present in Chota.
22) Blaze UI
Blaze UI is an open-source, modular CSS framework providing a range of styled components that are useful for quickly building responsive web applications.
Benefits of Blaze UI:
Modularity: Blaze UI is modular, so you can import only the components and utilities you need for your project. This can help optimize the performance of your web application.
Versatility: The framework doesn’t impose a specific style on your web application, so it can be adapted to fit any design style.
Responsiveness: Blaze UI includes a responsive grid system for creating layouts that look good on any screen size.
Cons of Blaze UI:
Learning Curve: Like any new framework, it requires a time investment to learn.
Community Support: Compared to more established frameworks, community support is not as strong, which may affect the availability of resources and support for troubleshooting.
Less Comprehensive: Although it includes a variety of components, it might not be as comprehensive as larger, more established frameworks such as Bootstrap or Foundation.
23) Vanilla Framework
The Vanilla Framework is a lightweight, extensible CSS framework, developed by the team at Canonical for their Ubuntu web projects.
Benefits of Vanilla Framework:
Scalability: The Vanilla Framework is designed to be scalable, making it suitable for projects of any size.
Extensibility: It’s designed to be easily extended and customized, so you can add your own styles and components as needed.
Consistency: Since it’s the framework used by Canonical, it offers a consistent look and feel for Ubuntu and related web projects.
Cons of Vanilla Framework:
Limited Use Cases: The framework is primarily designed for use with Ubuntu and related web projects, so it may not be suitable for all web applications.
Smaller Community: The community around the Vanilla Framework is smaller compared to larger frameworks, which may impact the availability of resources and support.
Limited Components: While it provides a range of components, it may not be as extensive as some other larger frameworks.
Testing for Device and Browser Compatibility with CSS Frameworks using pCloudy
pCloudy is a robust cloud-based testing platform that provides extensive capabilities for testing device and browser compatibility of CSS frameworks. By leveraging pCloudy, you can ensure that your CSS framework functions seamlessly across a wide range of devices and browsers. Here’s how you can perform device and [browser compatibility testing](https://www.pcloudy.com/blogs/cross-browser-compatibility-testing/) using pCloudy:
Real Device Testing:
pCloudy offers access to a vast inventory of real devices, including smartphones, tablets, and desktops. You can select specific devices and test your CSS framework on them to validate its compatibility. This ensures accurate representation and enables you to identify any device-specific issues that may arise.
Multiple Operating Systems and Versions:
pCloudy supports various operating systems, including Android, iOS, and Windows, allowing you to test your CSS framework on different platforms. Furthermore, you can choose specific operating system versions to cover a wide range of device configurations and ensure compatibility across different OS versions.
Browser Compatibility Testing:
pCloudy enables you to test your CSS framework across a multitude of browsers and their versions. You can select from popular browsers like Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Edge, and more. By running your CSS framework on different browsers, you can identify any inconsistencies in rendering or functionality and make necessary adjustments.
Responsive Design Testing:
With pCloudy, you can test the responsiveness of your CSS framework by utilizing emulators and simulators. These tools allow you to simulate various screen sizes, resolutions, and orientations to ensure that your CSS framework adapts well to different devices and maintains its design integrity.
Network and Performance Testing:
pCloudy provides network simulation capabilities, allowing you to test your CSS framework’s performance under different network conditions. You can emulate various network speeds and latencies to assess the performance and responsiveness of your application. This helps identify any potential bottlenecks and ensures optimal user experience across different network scenarios.
Collaborative Testing and Reporting:
pCloudy facilitates collaborative testing by enabling multiple team members to participate in testing sessions, share test reports, and communicate effectively. This streamlines the testing process and ensures efficient issue tracking and resolution.
Automation Testing:
pCloudy supports [automation testing](https://www.pcloudy.com/rapid-automation-testing/) frameworks, such as Appium and Selenium, allowing you to automate the testing of your CSS framework across multiple devices and browsers. This helps in achieving faster and more comprehensive test coverage, reducing manual effort, and increasing overall testing efficiency.
By leveraging pCloudy’s comprehensive testing capabilities, you can thoroughly evaluate the device and browser compatibility of your CSS framework. This ensures that your application delivers a consistent and optimal user experience across different devices, browsers, and operating systems. With pCloudy’s reliable testing infrastructure and extensive device coverage, you can identify and address any compatibility issues, ensuring a high-quality CSS framework for your users.
Conclusion:
CSS frameworks can be valuable tools for developers, providing a foundation and pre-styled components to streamline the development process and create consistent, responsive, and visually appealing web interfaces.
When choosing a CSS framework, it’s important to consider factors such as project requirements, flexibility, customization options, community support, learning curve, and performance considerations. Each framework has its own strengths and weaknesses, so selecting the right one depends on the specific needs of your project and the preferences of your development team.
Additionally, it’s worth noting that while CSS frameworks can be incredibly useful, they should be used thoughtfully. It’s essential to understand the underlying CSS concepts and avoid over-reliance on framework-specific classes, ensuring that the resulting code remains maintainable, performant, and adheres to best practices.
Finally, keep in mind that the CSS landscape is ever-evolving, and new frameworks may emerge while existing ones continue to evolve. It’s important to stay updated with the latest trends and evaluate frameworks based on their current offerings, community support, and adoption.
Happy coding! | pcloudy_ssts |
1,889,651 | Enhancing Continuous Integration with pCloudy’s GitLab CI Integration | In the fast-paced world of app development, continuous integration and continuous deployment (CI/CD)... | 0 | 2024-06-15T15:41:58 | https://dev.to/pcloudy_ssts/enhancing-continuous-integration-with-pcloudys-gitlab-ci-integration-522 | configuregitlabci, paralleljobexecution | In the fast-paced world of app development, continuous integration and continuous deployment (CI/CD) have become staples. They streamline the workflow, reduce the chances of bugs, and allows teams to deliver high quality apps at a quicker pace. At pCloudy, we are thrilled to introduce our latest integration with GitLab CI that will significantly boost your DevOps cycle and test automation efficiency.
Enhanced Codebase Management with GitLab
GitLab, a leading web-based version management repository, provides a platform for hosting your codebase, enhancing code collaboration, and managing issues effectively. GitLab built-in CI/CD allows for continuous building, testing, and deploying of applications, facilitating an efficient DevOps cycle.
One of GitLab’s notable features is the flexibility it provides in project visibility. You can create projects that are public, internal, or private according to your specific needs, and there’s no limit on the number of private projects.
Test Automation Strategies with GitLab CI :
To make the most of the integration between GitLab CI and pCloudy, consider the following test automation strategies:
Selective Test Execution: Prioritize tests based on critical functionality and areas of the application that have undergone recent changes. This ensures efficient utilization of testing resources and quicker feedback on critical components.
Parallel Test Execution: Leverage GitLab CI’s [parallel job execution](https://www.pcloudy.com/automation-execution/) capabilities to run tests concurrently on multiple devices available in the pCloudy device farm. This significantly reduces test execution time and accelerates the feedback loop.
Cross-platform Testing: With [pCloudy’s extensive device coverage](https://www.pcloudy.com/mobile-device-lab/), design test suites that cover a diverse range of operating systems, device models, and screen sizes. This approach helps ensure app compatibility across various platforms and delivers a seamless user experience.
Data-Driven Testing: Utilize GitLab CI’s parameterized jobs and pCloudy’s data injection capabilities to run test scenarios with different input data sets. This enables thorough testing of edge cases, validations, and user interactions.
pCloudy’s Integration with GitLab CI
pCloudy, a comprehensive app testing platform, has been a game-changer for app development and testing teams around the world, simplifying app testing with our cutting-edge cloud-based solutions. With the latest integration with GitLab CI, pCloudy takes a leap forward, bridging the gap between code integration and app testing.
Our integration allows you to execute comprehensive testing of web and native applications on over 5000 device-browser combinations. You can achieve this through an Appium server located on pCloudy’s cloud servers, all by simply establishing a connection between your pCloudy account and GitLab CI. This connection enables you to initiate tests on pCloudy directly from GitLab CI, bringing about a seamless transition between codebase management, continuous integration, and app testing.
Continuous Testing with pCloudy + Gitlab CI:
The integration between GitLab CI and pCloudy paves the way for seamless continuous testing, ensuring high-quality apps throughout the development process. Here are some key aspects to consider:
Automated Build and Test Triggers: [Configure GitLab](https://www.pcloudy.com/docs/gitlab-ci) CI to trigger builds and initiate tests automatically whenever new code is committed or merged into the repository. This practice enables continuous testing and helps catch issues early.
Test Result Analysis and Reporting: Leverage GitLab CI’s built-in reporting capabilities and integrate them with [pCloudy’s test reporting features](https://www.pcloudy.com/docs/pcloudy-progressive-reports). This combination provides a consolidated view of test results, including logs, screenshots, and detailed reports. Analyzing these results aids in identifying trends, tracking performance, and identifying potential areas for improvement.
Test Environment Management: Utilize GitLab CI’s environment-specific job configurations to seamlessly integrate with pCloudy’s device farm. Ensure that each test run is executed on the desired devices and configurations, allowing for accurate and consistent results across different environments.
Test Orchestration and Pipelines: Implement a well-defined testing pipeline in GitLab CI that orchestrates various stages of testing, such as unit tests, integration tests, and end-to-end tests. Integrate pCloudy’s device farm at the appropriate stages to perform extensive real-device testing, ensuring thorough coverage and eliminating bottlenecks.
The Advantages of the Integration
This integration’s main advantage is the seamless, hassle-free testing environment it provides. With the combination of GitLab and pCloudy, if you encounter any bug or an issue while testing, you can send a detailed report to GitLab, including screenshots, directly from the pCloudy platform. This feature simplifies the process of bug tracking and resolution, positively affecting productivity by eliminating the need to switch between different applications.
By integrating pCloudy with GitLab CI, you’re able to conduct comprehensive testing, report issues, and manage your codebase all in one place. It facilitates better collaboration among teams and provides a brilliant permission model to avoid hindrance in the workflow, leading to an increase in productivity and app quality.
Some Real-world Use Cases:
Real-world examples of how organizations have benefited from integrating GitLab CI with pCloudy include:
Please note that the provided examples are real companies and we cannot share the specifics due to confidentiality reasons.
Efficiency and Time Savings: A leading mobile app development firm, integrated GitLab CI with pCloudy to automate their regression testing process. By running tests concurrently on multiple devices using GitLab CI’s parallel jobs, they reduced their testing time by 50% and accelerated their release cycles.
Improved App Quality: An e-commerce platform, integrated GitLab CI with pCloudy to ensure consistent user experience across various devices. By performing a comprehensive cross-platform testing using pCloudy’s extensive device farm, they detected and fixed device-specific UI issues, resulting in improved app quality and higher customer satisfaction.
Early Bug Detection: A fintech startup, integrated GitLab CI with pCloudy to enable continuous testing throughout their agile development process. By automatically triggering
Conclusion
The DevOps cycle is continually evolving, with new trends and technologies emerging constantly. Adapting to these changes and implementing solutions that optimize workflows is critical to stay competitive. This is why pCloudy’s integration with GitLab CI is a significant milestone in creating a unified and seamless testing ecosystem for modern agile development teams.
As we look to the future, we’re excited about the possibilities this integration will bring to your teams and how it will enhance your app development process. As always, pCloudy is dedicated to providing flexible, integrated solutions to make testing more efficient and enjoyable. We are proud to offer this single-click integration to our users and look forward to seeing the innovative ways in which it will be utilized. The app development landscape is ever-evolving, and at pCloudy, we aim to equip you with the tools and technologies to navigate it successfully. Explore our GitLab CI integration today and experience a revolution in your testing environment. As the saying goes, “the future is now” – and with pCloudy, that future is bright. Happy testing!
| pcloudy_ssts |
1,889,650 | Mocking with Sinon.js: A Comprehensive Guide | Testing is an integral part of software development, ensuring that code behaves as expected. When it... | 0 | 2024-06-15T15:41:46 | https://dev.to/sojida/mocking-with-sinonjs-a-comprehensive-guide-4p3j | node, javascript, sinonjs, mocking | Testing is an integral part of software development, ensuring that code behaves as expected. When it comes to JavaScript, Sinon.js is a powerful library for creating spies, stubs, and mocks, making it easier to test code that relies on external dependencies. This article will explore how to use Sinon.js to mock tests effectively.
#### Introduction to Sinon.js
Sinon.js is a standalone test double library for JavaScript. It works with any testing framework and allows you to create spies, stubs, and mocks to verify the behavior of your code.
* **Spies:** Track calls to functions and record information such as call arguments, return values, and the value of `this`.
* **Stubs:** Replace functions with custom implementations and control their behavior.
* **Mocks:** Simulate and verify the behavior of entire objects.
#### Getting Started
Before you start, ensure you have Node.js and npm installed. You can install Sinon.js using npm:
```sh
npm install sinon --save-dev
```
#### Basic Usage
Let's start with some basic examples of how to use Sinon.js.
##### Creating Spies
A spy is a function that records arguments, return values, and the value of `this` for all its calls.
```javascript
const sinon = require('sinon');
function greet(name) {
console.log(`Hello, ${name}!`);
}
const spy = sinon.spy(greet);
spy('John');
console.log(spy.called); // true
console.log(spy.calledWith('John')); // true
```
##### Using Stubs
Stubs allow you to replace a function with a custom implementation. This is useful for isolating the function under test from its dependencies.
```javascript
const sinon = require('sinon');
const userService = {
getUser: function (id) {
// Simulate a database call
return { id, name: 'John Doe' };
}
};
const stub = sinon.stub(userService, 'getUser').returns({ id: 1, name: 'Jane Doe' });
const user = userService.getUser(1);
console.log(user); // { id: 1, name: 'Jane Doe' }
stub.restore();
```
##### Creating Mocks
Mocks combine the functionality of spies and stubs, allowing you to both replace methods and assert that they are called correctly.
```javascript
const sinon = require('sinon');
const userService = {
getUser: function (id) {
// Simulate a database call
return { id, name: 'John Doe' };
}
};
const mock = sinon.mock(userService);
mock.expects('getUser').once().withArgs(1).returns({ id: 1, name: 'Jane Doe' });
const user = userService.getUser(1);
console.log(user); // { id: 1, name: 'Jane Doe' }
mock.verify();
mock.restore();
```
#### Advanced Usage
Now that we've covered the basics, let's dive into more advanced scenarios.
##### Asynchronous Stubs
To test asynchronous functions, you can use Sinon.js stubs to simulate async behavior.
```javascript
const sinon = require('sinon');
const fetchData = function (callback) {
setTimeout(() => {
callback('data');
}, 1000);
};
const callback = sinon.fake();
sinon.stub(global, 'setTimeout').callsFake((fn, timeout) => fn());
fetchData(callback);
console.log(callback.calledWith('data')); // true
global.setTimeout.restore();
```
##### Stubbing Dependencies in Modules
When testing a module, you may need to stub its dependencies. This can be done using Sinon.js with a module bundler like Webpack or tools like `proxyquire`.
```javascript
const sinon = require('sinon');
const proxyquire = require('proxyquire');
const dbStub = {
query: sinon.stub().returns(Promise.resolve(['result1', 'result2']))
};
const myModule = proxyquire('./myModule', { './db': dbStub });
myModule.getData().then(data => {
console.log(data); // ['result1', 'result2']
});
```
##### Verifying Call Order
Sinon.js allows you to verify the order in which functions are called.
```javascript
const sinon = require('sinon');
const first = sinon.spy();
const second = sinon.spy();
first();
second();
sinon.assert.callOrder(first, second); // Passes
```
#### Best Practices
* **Isolate Tests:** Use stubs and mocks to isolate the function under test from its dependencies.
* **Restore Original Functions:** Always restore original functions after stubbing or mocking to avoid side effects.
* **Use Fakes for Complex Behavior:** Use `sinon.fake` to create complex behavior for functions that require intricate setups.
#### Conclusion
Sinon.js is a versatile tool for creating spies, stubs, and mocks in JavaScript. It seamlessly integrates with any testing framework, making it easier to write robust and maintainable tests. By following the examples and best practices outlined in this article, you can effectively mock tests and ensure the reliability of your code. Happy testing! | sojida |
1,889,649 | The Rise of Cactus Jack More Than Just a Brand | In the ever-evolving landscape of streetwear and pop culture, few names have garnered as much... | 0 | 2024-06-15T15:40:38 | https://dev.to/cactusjack1232/the-rise-of-cactus-jack-more-than-just-a-brand-40il | hoodis, shorts, tshirt, caps | In the ever-evolving landscape of streetwear and pop culture, few names have garnered as much attention and reverence as[ "Cactus Jack."](https://cactusjackhoodie.shop/) While some may immediately think of the iconic figure in the wrestling world, the modern association is overwhelmingly tied to Travis Scott, the multi-talented rapper, singer, and producer. His influence extends beyond music into fashion, with the "Cactus Jack" brand becoming a symbol of style and cultural relevance.
The Origin of Cactus Jack
Travis Scott, whose real name is Jacques Webster, introduced Cactus [Jack Hoodies](https://cactusjackhoodie.shop/product-category/cactus-jack-hoodie/) ego and the name of his record label in 2017. The moniker pays homage to his father and also stands as a tribute to the wrestling persona of Mick Foley, who was known as Cactus Jack in the ring. This blend of personal significance and cultural homage has made the name resonate deeply wit | cactusjack1232 |
1,889,523 | ZGC Major Collection (Proactive) 日志详解 | JVM相关参数 -Xms10G -Xmx10G -Xmn5G -XX:MetaspaceSize=256M -XX:MaxMetaspaceSize=256M -XX:+UseZGC... | 0 | 2024-06-15T15:36:58 | https://dev.to/truman_999999999/zgc-major-collection-proactive-ri-zhi-xiang-jie-453g | zgc, gc, gclog, jvm | `JVM相关参数 -Xms10G -Xmx10G -Xmn5G -XX:MetaspaceSize=256M -XX:MaxMetaspaceSize=256M -XX:+UseZGC -XX:+ZGenerational`
日志信息
```
[2024-06-12T19:42:28.946+0800][info][gc ] GC(13451) Major Collection (Proactive)
[2024-06-12T19:42:28.946+0800][info][gc,task ] GC(13451) Using 1 Workers for Young Generation
[2024-06-12T19:42:28.946+0800][info][gc,task ] GC(13451) Using 1 Workers for Old Generation
[2024-06-12T19:42:28.946+0800][info][gc,phases ] GC(13451) Y: Young Generation
[2024-06-12T19:42:28.946+0800][info][gc,phases ] GC(13451) Y: Pause Mark Start (Major) 0.043ms
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.060+0800][info][gc,phases ] GC(13451) Y: Concurrent Mark 113.772ms
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.060+0800][info][gc,phases ] GC(13451) Y: Pause Mark End 0.018ms
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.060+0800][info][gc,phases ] GC(13451) Y: Concurrent Mark Free 0.001ms
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.060+0800][info][gc,phases ] GC(13451) Y: Concurrent Reset Relocation Set 0.013ms
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.062+0800][info][gc,reloc ] GC(13451) Y: Using tenuring threshold: 4 (Computed)
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.064+0800][info][gc,phases ] GC(13451) Y: Concurrent Select Relocation Set 4.493ms
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.064+0800][info][gc,phases ] GC(13451) Y: Pause Relocate Start 0.020ms
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.115+0800][info][gc,phases ] GC(13451) Y: Concurrent Relocate 50.472ms
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.115+0800][info][gc,alloc ] GC(13451) Y: Mark Start Mark End Relocate Start Relocate End
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.115+0800][info][gc,alloc ] GC(13451) Y: Allocation Stalls: 0 0 0 0
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.115+0800][info][gc,load ] GC(13451) Y: Load: 0.81 (2%) / 0.95 (2%) / 1.18 (2%)
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.115+0800][info][gc,mmu ] GC(13451) Y: MMU: 2ms/96.4%, 5ms/98.4%, 10ms/99.2%, 20ms/99.6%, 50ms/99.8%, 100ms/99.9%
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.115+0800][info][gc,marking ] GC(13451) Y: Mark: 1 stripe(s), 2 proactive flush(es), 1 terminate flush(es), 0 completion(s), 0 continuation(s)
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.115+0800][info][gc,marking ] GC(13451) Y: Mark Stack Usage: 32M
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.115+0800][info][gc,nmethod ] GC(13451) Y: NMethods: 10884 registered, 686 unregistered
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.115+0800][info][gc,metaspace] GC(13451) Y: Metaspace: 144M used, 145M committed, 400M reserved
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.115+0800][info][gc,reloc ] GC(13451) Y: Candidates Selected In-Place Size Empty Relocated
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.115+0800][info][gc,reloc ] GC(13451) Y: Small Pages: 1824 1611 0 3648M 396M 23M
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.115+0800][info][gc,reloc ] GC(13451) Y: Medium Pages: 1 0 0 32M 0M 0M
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.115+0800][info][gc,reloc ] GC(13451) Y: Large Pages: 0 0 0 0M 0M 0M
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.115+0800][info][gc,reloc ] GC(13451) Y: Forwarding Usage: 15M
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.115+0800][info][gc,reloc ] GC(13451) Y: Age Table:
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.115+0800][info][gc,reloc ] GC(13451) Y: Live Garbage Small Medium Large
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.115+0800][info][gc,reloc ] GC(13451) Y: Eden 18M (0%) 3595M (35%) 1791 / 1581 1 / 0 0 / 0
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.115+0800][info][gc,reloc ] GC(13451) Y: Survivor 1 4M (0%) 49M (0%) 27 / 25 0 / 0 0 / 0
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.115+0800][info][gc,reloc ] GC(13451) Y: Survivor 2 0M (0%) 1M (0%) 1 / 1 0 / 0 0 / 0
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.115+0800][info][gc,reloc ] GC(13451) Y: Survivor 3 1M (0%) 4M (0%) 3 / 2 0 / 0 0 / 0
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.115+0800][info][gc,reloc ] GC(13451) Y: Survivor 4 0M (0%) 1M (0%) 1 / 1 0 / 0 0 / 0
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.115+0800][info][gc,reloc ] GC(13451) Y: Survivor 5 0M (0%) 1M (0%) 1 / 1 0 / 0 0 / 0
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.115+0800][info][gc,heap ] GC(13451) Y: Min Capacity: 8192M(80%)
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.115+0800][info][gc,heap ] GC(13451) Y: Max Capacity: 10240M(100%)
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.115+0800][info][gc,heap ] GC(13451) Y: Soft Max Capacity: 8192M(80%)
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.115+0800][info][gc,heap ] GC(13451) Y: Heap Statistics:
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.115+0800][info][gc,heap ] GC(13451) Y: Mark Start Mark End Relocate Start Relocate End High Low
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.115+0800][info][gc,heap ] GC(13451) Y: Capacity: 8360M (82%) 8360M (82%) 8360M (82%) 8360M (82%) 8360M (82%) 8360M (82%)
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.115+0800][info][gc,heap ] GC(13451) Y: Free: 6110M (60%) 6072M (59%) 6466M (63%) 9642M (94%) 9642M (94%) 6072M (59%)
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.115+0800][info][gc,heap ] GC(13451) Y: Used: 4130M (40%) 4168M (41%) 3774M (37%) 598M (6%) 4168M (41%) 598M (6%)
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.115+0800][info][gc,heap ] GC(13451) Y: Young Generation Statistics:
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.115+0800][info][gc,heap ] GC(13451) Y: Mark Start Mark End Relocate Start Relocate End
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.115+0800][info][gc,heap ] GC(13451) Y: Used: 3680M (36%) 3718M (36%) 3324M (32%) 146M (1%)
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.115+0800][info][gc,heap ] GC(13451) Y: Live: - 26M (0%) 26M (0%) 25M (0%)
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.115+0800][info][gc,heap ] GC(13451) Y: Garbage: - 3653M (36%) 3257M (32%) 32M (0%)
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.115+0800][info][gc,heap ] GC(13451) Y: Allocated: - 38M (0%) 40M (0%) 88M (1%)
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.115+0800][info][gc,heap ] GC(13451) Y: Reclaimed: - - 396M (4%) 3621M (35%)
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.115+0800][info][gc,heap ] GC(13451) Y: Promoted: - - 0M (0%) 0M (0%)
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.115+0800][info][gc,heap ] GC(13451) Y: Compacted: - - - 23M (0%)
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.115+0800][info][gc,phases ] GC(13451) Y: Young Generation 4130M(40%)->598M(6%) 0.169s
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.115+0800][info][gc,phases ] GC(13451) O: Old Generation
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.632+0800][info][gc,phases ] GC(13451) O: Concurrent Mark 516.540ms
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.632+0800][info][gc,phases ] GC(13451) O: Pause Mark End 0.021ms
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.632+0800][info][gc,phases ] GC(13451) O: Concurrent Mark Free 0.001ms
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.657+0800][info][gc,phases ] GC(13451) O: Concurrent Process Non-Strong 24.929ms
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.657+0800][info][gc,phases ] GC(13451) O: Concurrent Reset Relocation Set 0.002ms
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.659+0800][info][gc,phases ] GC(13451) O: Concurrent Select Relocation Set 2.376ms
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.659+0800][info][gc,task ] GC(13451) O: Using 1 Workers for Old Generation
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.689+0800][info][gc,task ] GC(13451) O: Using 1 Workers for Old Generation
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.689+0800][info][gc,phases ] GC(13451) O: Concurrent Remap Roots 29.523ms
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.689+0800][info][gc,phases ] GC(13451) O: Pause Relocate Start 0.018ms
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.692+0800][info][gc,phases ] GC(13451) O: Concurrent Relocate 3.222ms
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.692+0800][info][gc,alloc ] GC(13451) O: Mark Start Mark End Relocate Start Relocate End
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.692+0800][info][gc,alloc ] GC(13451) O: Allocation Stalls: 0 0 0 0
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.692+0800][info][gc,load ] GC(13451) O: Load: 0.81 (2%) / 0.95 (2%) / 1.18 (2%)
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.692+0800][info][gc,mmu ] GC(13451) O: MMU: 2ms/96.4%, 5ms/98.4%, 10ms/99.2%, 20ms/99.6%, 50ms/99.8%, 100ms/99.9%
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.692+0800][info][gc,marking ] GC(13451) O: Mark: 1 stripe(s), 2 proactive flush(es), 1 terminate flush(es), 0 completion(s), 0 continuation(s)
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.692+0800][info][gc,marking ] GC(13451) O: Mark Stack Usage: 32M
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.692+0800][info][gc,nmethod ] GC(13451) O: NMethods: 10884 registered, 686 unregistered
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.692+0800][info][gc,metaspace] GC(13451) O: Metaspace: 144M used, 145M committed, 400M reserved
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.692+0800][info][gc,ref ] GC(13451) O: Encountered Discovered Enqueued
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.692+0800][info][gc,ref ] GC(13451) O: Soft References: 3116 447 0
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.692+0800][info][gc,ref ] GC(13451) O: Weak References: 16558 9265 0
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.692+0800][info][gc,ref ] GC(13451) O: Final References: 87 0 0
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.692+0800][info][gc,ref ] GC(13451) O: Phantom References: 2401 1944 704
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.692+0800][info][gc,reloc ] GC(13451) O: Candidates Selected In-Place Size Empty Relocated
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.692+0800][info][gc,reloc ] GC(13451) O: Small Pages: 177 6 0 354M 0M 1M
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.692+0800][info][gc,reloc ] GC(13451) O: Medium Pages: 3 0 0 96M 0M 0M
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.692+0800][info][gc,reloc ] GC(13451) O: Large Pages: 0 0 0 0M 0M 0M
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.692+0800][info][gc,reloc ] GC(13451) O: Forwarding Usage: 1M
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.692+0800][info][gc,heap ] GC(13451) O: Min Capacity: 8192M(80%)
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.692+0800][info][gc,heap ] GC(13451) O: Max Capacity: 10240M(100%)
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.692+0800][info][gc,heap ] GC(13451) O: Soft Max Capacity: 8192M(80%)
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.692+0800][info][gc,heap ] GC(13451) O: Heap Statistics:
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.692+0800][info][gc,heap ] GC(13451) O: Mark Start Mark End Relocate Start Relocate End High Low
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.692+0800][info][gc,heap ] GC(13451) O: Capacity: 8360M (82%) 8360M (82%) 8360M (82%) 8360M (82%) 8360M (82%) 8360M (82%)
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.692+0800][info][gc,heap ] GC(13451) O: Free: 6110M (60%) 9320M (91%) 9272M (91%) 9278M (91%) 9642M (94%) 6072M (59%)
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.692+0800][info][gc,heap ] GC(13451) O: Used: 4130M (40%) 920M (9%) 968M (9%) 962M (9%) 4168M (41%) 598M (6%)
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.692+0800][info][gc,heap ] GC(13451) O: Old Generation Statistics:
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.692+0800][info][gc,heap ] GC(13451) O: Mark Start Mark End Relocate Start Relocate End
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.692+0800][info][gc,heap ] GC(13451) O: Used: 450M (4%) 452M (4%) 452M (4%) 444M (4%)
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.692+0800][info][gc,heap ] GC(13451) O: Live: - 387M (4%) 387M (4%) 387M (4%)
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.692+0800][info][gc,heap ] GC(13451) O: Garbage: - 62M (1%) 62M (1%) 49M (0%)
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.692+0800][info][gc,heap ] GC(13451) O: Allocated: - 2M (0%) 2M (0%) 6M (0%)
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.692+0800][info][gc,heap ] GC(13451) O: Reclaimed: - - 0M (0%) 12M (0%)
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.692+0800][info][gc,heap ] GC(13451) O: Compacted: - - - 1M (0%)
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.692+0800][info][gc,phases ] GC(13451) O: Old Generation 598M(6%)->962M(9%) 0.577s
[2024-06-12T19:42:29.692+0800][info][gc ] GC(13451) Major Collection (Proactive) 4130M(40%)->962M(9%) 0.746s
```
**主要信息:**
- GC类型: 主动全堆垃圾收集（Proactive Major Collection）
- 内存变化:
- 年轻代: 从 4130M（40%）减少到 598M（6%）
- 老年代: 从 450M（4%）增加到 962M（9%）
**阶段信息:**
* 年轻代（Young Generation）:
- Pause Mark Start: 0.043毫秒
- Concurrent Mark: 113.772毫秒
- Pause Mark End: 0.018毫秒
- Concurrent Mark Free: 0.001毫秒
- Concurrent Reset Relocation Set: 0.013毫秒
- Concurrent Select Relocation Set: 4.493毫秒
- Pause Relocate Start: 0.020毫秒
- Concurrent Relocate: 50.472毫秒
- 年轻代总暂停时间: 0.043毫秒 + 0.018毫秒 + 0.020毫秒 = 0.081毫秒
- 年轻代内存变化: 4130M（40%）减少到 598M（6%），用时 0.169秒
* 老年代（Old Generation）:
- Concurrent Mark: 516.540毫秒
- Pause Mark End: 0.021毫秒
- Concurrent Mark Free: 0.001毫秒
- Concurrent Process Non-Strong: 24.929毫秒
- Concurrent Reset Relocation Set: 0.002毫秒
- Concurrent Select Relocation Set: 2.376毫秒
- Pause Relocate Start: 0.018毫秒
- Concurrent Relocate: 3.222毫秒
- 老年代总暂停时间: 0.021毫秒 + 0.018毫秒 = 0.039毫秒
- 老年代内存变化: 450M（4%）增加到 962M（9%），用时 0.577秒
总的暂停时间: 0.081毫秒（年轻代）+ 0.039毫秒（老年代） = 0.120毫秒
垃圾收集总时间: 0.746秒
```
[info][gc,phases ] GC(13451) Y: Young Generation
[info][gc,phases ] GC(13451) Y: Pause Mark Start (Major) 0.043ms
[info][gc,phases ] GC(13451) Y: Concurrent Mark 113.772ms
[info][gc,phases ] GC(13451) Y: Pause Mark End 0.018ms
[info][gc,phases ] GC(13451) Y: Concurrent Mark Free 0.001ms
[info][gc,phases ] GC(13451) Y: Concurrent Reset Relocation Set 0.013ms
[info][gc,reloc ] GC(13451) Y: Using tenuring threshold: 4 (Computed)
[info][gc,phases ] GC(13451) Y: Concurrent Select Relocation Set 4.493ms
[info][gc,phases ] GC(13451) Y: Pause Relocate Start 0.020ms
[info][gc,phases ] GC(13451) Y: Concurrent Relocate 50.472ms
```
**Young Generation：**
* Pause Mark Start：
- 时间：2024-06-12T19:42:28.946+0800
- 描述：这个阶段是年轻代标记阶段的开始，JVM 暂停应用线程以开始标记存活对象。
- 暂停时间：0.043 毫秒
* Concurrent Mark：
- 时间：2024-06-12T19:42:29.060+0800
- 描述：并发标记阶段，JVM 在不暂停应用线程的情况下，标记所有存活对象。
- 持续时间：113.772 毫秒
* Pause Mark End：
- 时间：2024-06-12T19:42:29.060+0800
- 描述：这个阶段是并发标记阶段的结束，JVM 再次短暂暂停应用线程以完成标记工作。
- 暂停时间：0.018 毫秒
* Concurrent Mark Free：
- 时间：2024-06-12T19:42:29.060+0800
- 描述：并发标记释放阶段，清理在标记过程中已确定为垃圾的对象。
- 持续时间：0.001 毫秒
* Concurrent Reset Relocation Set：
- 时间：2024-06-12T19:42:29.060+0800
- 描述：并发重置重定位集阶段，为重定位阶段做准备。
- 持续时间：0.013 毫秒
* Using tenuring threshold: 4 (Computed)：
- 时间：2024-06-12T19:42:29.062+0800
- 描述：设置晋升阈值，决定对象在晋升到老年代前在年轻代的存活次数。晋升阈值不是一个静态值；它是由JVM根据应用程序的运行时特性动态计算的。JVM持续监控对象分配和存活的行为，调整阈值以优化GC性能。
- 阈值：4
* Concurrent Select Relocation Set：
- 时间：2024-06-12T19:42:29.064+0800
- 描述：并发选择重定位集阶段，选择需要被移动的对象集。
- 持续时间：4.493 毫秒
* Pause Relocate Start：
- 时间：2024-06-12T19:42:29.064+0800
- 描述：开始重定位阶段，JVM 再次短暂暂停应用线程以开始对象的重定位。
- 暂停时间：0.020 毫秒
* Concurrent Relocate：
- 时间：2024-06-12T19:42:29.115+0800
- 描述：并发重定位阶段，在不暂停应用线程的情况下，将存活对象移动到新的位置。
- 持续时间：50.472 毫秒
```
[info][gc,alloc ] GC(13451) Y: Mark Start Mark End Relocate Start Relocate End
[info][gc,alloc ] GC(13451) Y: Allocation Stalls: 0 0 0 0
```
ZGC年轻代垃圾回收过程中的内存分配暂停情况。
- Mark Start：标记开始阶段的内存分配暂停次数。
- Mark End：标记结束阶段的内存分配暂停次数。
- Relocate Start：重定位开始阶段的内存分配暂停次数。
- Relocate End：重定位结束阶段的内存分配暂停次数。
Allocation Stalls：这一列表示在各个阶段内存分配的暂停次数。从日志可以看出，在标记开始、标记结束、重定位开始和重定位结束阶段，内存分配暂停次数均为0。这表明在整个年轻代GC过程中，没有发生任何内存分配暂停。
```
[info][gc,load ] GC(13451) Y: Load: 0.81 (2%) / 0.95 (2%) / 1.18 (2%)
```
这显示了GC期间系统的负载。三个数值分别表示1分钟、5分钟和15分钟的平均负载，括号内的数值为GC期间的CPU占用率。
```
[info][gc,mmu ] GC(13451) Y: MMU: 2ms/96.4%, 5ms/98.4%, 10ms/99.2%, 20ms/99.6%, 50ms/99.8%, 100ms/99.9%
```
Minimum Mutator Utilization：这是一个关键的性能指标，表示在不同时间窗口内，应用线程的可用率。它描述了在这些时间窗口内应用线程可用的最小百分比。
```
[info][gc,marking ] GC(13451) Y: Mark: 1 stripe(s), 2 proactive flush(es), 1 terminate flush(es), 0 completion(s), 0 continuation(s)
```
这个记录了GC标记阶段的细节。stripe(s)表示标记阶段被分割成的条纹数量，proactive flush(es)和terminate flush(es)表示主动刷新和终止刷新次数，completion(s)和continuation(s)则记录了完成和继续标记的次数。
```
[info][gc,marking ] GC(13451) Y: Mark Stack Usage: 32M
```
这是标记阶段使用的堆栈大小，32M表示在标记过程中使用了32MB的堆栈空间。
```
[info][gc,nmethod ] GC(13451) Y: NMethods: 10884 registered, 686 unregistered
```
这是JIT编译的方法数量，表示注册了10884个方法，并且有686个方法被注销。这里的“unregistered”表示这些方法曾经被JIT编译并注册过，但现在已经被注销或从代码缓存中移除。这通常发生在方法不再需要时，或者当代码缓存需要回收空间以用于新的编译方法时。
```
[info][gc,metaspace] GC(13451) Y: Metaspace: 144M used, 145M committed, 400M reserved
```
记录了元空间的使用情况。144M used表示已经使用的内存，145M committed表示已经分配的内存，400M reserved表示保留的内存。
```
[info][gc,reloc ] GC(13451) Y: Candidates Selected In-Place Size Empty Relocated
[info][gc,reloc ] GC(13451) Y: Small Pages: 1824 1611 0 3648M 396M 23M
[info][gc,reloc ] GC(13451) Y: Medium Pages: 1 0 0 32M 0M 0M
[info][gc,reloc ] GC(13451) Y: Large Pages: 0 0 0 0M 0M 0M
[info][gc,reloc ] GC(13451) Y: Forwarding Usage: 15M
```
这段日志记录了ZGC年轻代垃圾回收过程中内存页面的重定位信息。
- Candidates：
* 表示候选页面的数量。这些页面是GC认为可能需要重定位的页面。
* Small Pages: 1824 个候选页面
* Medium Pages: 1 个候选页面
* Large Pages: 0 个候选页面
- Selected：
* 表示实际选择用于重定位的页面数量。
* Small Pages: 1611 个页面被选择用于重定位
* Medium Pages: 0 个页面被选择
* Large Pages: 0 个页面被选择
- In-Place：
* 表示那些可以在原地进行重定位的页面数量。这些页面无需移动到其他位置。
* Small Pages: 0 个页面
* Medium Pages: 0 个页面
* Large Pages: 0 个页面
- Size：
* 表示这些页面的总大小。
* Small Pages: 总大小为 3648MB
* Medium Pages: 总大小为 32MB
* Large Pages: 总大小为 0MB
- Empty：
* 表示在重定位过程中被标记为空的页面大小。
* Small Pages: 396MB 被标记为空
* Medium Pages: 0MB 被标记为空
* Large Pages: 0MB 被标记为空
- Relocated：
* 表示实际被重定位的页面大小。
* Small Pages: 23MB 被重定位
* Medium Pages: 0MB 被重定位
* Large Pages: 0MB 被重定位
- Forwarding Usage：
* 表示在重定位过程中使用的转发指针的大小。
* Forwarding Usage: 15MB
```
[info][gc,reloc ] GC(13451) Y: Age Table:
[info][gc,reloc ] GC(13451) Y: Live Garbage Small Medium Large
[info][gc,reloc ] GC(13451) Y: Eden 18M (0%) 3595M (35%) 1791 / 1581 1 / 0 0 / 0
[info][gc,reloc ] GC(13451) Y: Survivor 1 4M (0%) 49M (0%) 27 / 25 0 / 0 0 / 0
[info][gc,reloc ] GC(13451) Y: Survivor 2 0M (0%) 1M (0%) 1 / 1 0 / 0 0 / 0
[info][gc,reloc ] GC(13451) Y: Survivor 3 1M (0%) 4M (0%) 3 / 2 0 / 0 0 / 0
[info][gc,reloc ] GC(13451) Y: Survivor 4 0M (0%) 1M (0%) 1 / 1 0 / 0 0 / 0
[info][gc,reloc ] GC(13451) Y: Survivor 5 0M (0%) 1M (0%) 1 / 1 0 / 0 0 / 0
```
这段日志记录了ZGC在年轻代垃圾回收过程中各个年龄段的内存状态。
* Age Table (年龄表)：
- 表示ZGC在内存中的不同年龄段的对象分布。
- 包含了三个主要字段：Live（存活对象），Garbage（垃圾对象），Small（小页面），Medium（中页面），Large（大页面）。
* Eden：
- Live: 18M (0%) 表示在伊甸区的存活对象占用18MB，占总内存的0%。
- Garbage: 3595M (35%) 表示在伊甸区的垃圾对象占用3595MB，占总内存的35%。
- Small: 1791 / 1581 表示有1791个小页面候选页面中有1581个被选择用于重定位。
- Medium: 1 / 0 表示有1个中页面候选页面，没有被选择用于重定位。
- Large: 0 / 0 表示没有大页面候选页面。
* Survivor：
* Survivor 1:
- Live: 4M (0%) 表示在Survivor 1区的存活对象占用4MB，占总内存的0%。
- Garbage: 49M (0%) 表示在Survivor 1区的垃圾对象占用49MB，占总内存的0%。
- Small: 27 / 25 表示有27个小页面候选页面中有25个被选择用于重定位。
- Medium: 0 / 0 表示没有中页面候选页面。
- Large: 0 / 0 表示没有大页面候选页面。
* Survivor 2:
- Live: 0M (0%) 表示在Survivor 2区的存活对象占用0MB，占总内存的0%。
- Garbage: 1M (0%) 表示在Survivor 2区的垃圾对象占用1MB，占总内存的0%。
- Small: 1 / 1 表示有1个小页面候选页面，有1个被选择用于重定位。
- Medium: 0 / 0 表示没有中页面候选页面。
- Large: 0 / 0 表示没有大页面候选页面。
* Survivor 3:
- Live: 1M (0%) 表示在Survivor 3区的存活对象占用1MB，占总内存的0%。
- Garbage: 4M (0%) 表示在Survivor 3区的垃圾对象占用4MB，占总内存的0%。
- Small: 3 / 2 表示有3个小页面候选页面中有2个被选择用于重定位。
- Medium: 0 / 0 表示没有中页面候选页面。
- Large: 0 / 0 表示没有大页面候选页面。
* Survivor 4:
- Live: 0M (0%) 表示在Survivor 4区的存活对象占用0MB，占总内存的0%。
- Garbage: 1M (0%) 表示在Survivor 4区的垃圾对象占用1MB，占总内存的0%。
- Small: 1 / 1 表示有1个小页面候选页面，有1个被选择用于重定位。
- Medium: 0 / 0 表示没有中页面候选页面。
- Large: 0 / 0 表示没有大页面候选页面。
* Survivor 5:
- Live: 0M (0%) 表示在Survivor 5区的存活对象占用0MB，占总内存的0%。
- Garbage: 1M (0%) 表示在Survivor 5区的垃圾对象占用1MB，占总内存的0%。
- Small: 1 / 1 表示有1个小页面候选页面，有1个被选择用于重定位。
- Medium: 0 / 0 表示没有中页面候选页面。
- Large: 0 / 0 表示没有大页面候选页面。
```
[info][gc,heap ] GC(13451) Y: Min Capacity: 8192M(80%)
[info][gc,heap ] GC(13451) Y: Max Capacity: 10240M(100%)
[info][gc,heap ] GC(13451) Y: Soft Max Capacity: 8192M(80%)
```
这段日志记录了ZGC中关于堆内存容量的配置情况。
* Min Capacity (最小容量)：
- 值：8192M (80%)
- 解释：表示堆内存的最小容量为8192MB，占最大堆内存容量的80%。这是ZGC在初始化时预留的内存。
* Max Capacity (最大容量)：
- 值：10240M (100%)
- 解释：表示堆内存的最大容量为10240MB，占最大堆内存容量的100%。这是JVM进程可以使用的最大内存容量。
* Soft Max Capacity (软最大容量)：
- 值：8192M (80%)
- 解释：表示堆内存的软最大容量为8192MB，占最大堆内存容量的80%。这是ZGC试图维持的内存使用上限。如果超过这个值，ZGC会努力回收垃圾，以减少内存使用，但不会强制限制内存使用在这个值以下。
```
[info][gc,heap ] GC(13451) Y: Heap Statistics:
[info][gc,heap ] GC(13451) Y: Mark Start Mark End Relocate Start Relocate End High Low
[info][gc,heap ] GC(13451) Y: Capacity: 8360M (82%) 8360M (82%) 8360M (82%) 8360M (82%) 8360M (82%) 8360M (82%)
[info][gc,heap ] GC(13451) Y: Free: 6110M (60%) 6072M (59%) 6466M (63%) 9642M (94%) 9642M (94%) 6072M (59%)
[info][gc,heap ] GC(13451) Y: Used: 4130M (40%) 4168M (41%) 3774M (37%) 598M (6%) 4168M (41%) 598M (6%)
```
这段日志记录了GC（垃圾收集）过程中堆内存的统计信息。
* Capacity (容量)：
- 值：8360M (82%)
- 解释：堆内存的容量在整个垃圾回收过程中的各个阶段（标记开始、标记结束、重定位开始、重定位结束）保持一致，为8360MB，占最大堆内存容量的82%。
* Free (空闲内存)：
- 值：
- 标记开始：6110M (60%)
- 标记结束：6072M (59%)
- 重定位开始：6466M (63%)
- 重定位结束：9642M (94%)
- 高水位：9642M (94%)
- 低水位：6072M (59%)
- 解释：这是在不同阶段堆内存中空闲的内存量。可以看出，在重定位结束后，空闲内存达到了9642MB，占最大堆内存容量的94%。
* Used (已用内存)：
- 值：
- 标记开始：4130M (40%)
- 标记结束：4168M (41%)
- 重定位开始：3774M (37%)
- 重定位结束：598M (6%)
- 高水位：4168M (41%)
- 低水位：598M (6%)
- 解释：这是在不同阶段堆内存中已用的内存量。在重定位结束后，已用内存减少到598MB，占最大堆内存容量的6%。
```
[info][gc,heap ] GC(13451) Y: Young Generation Statistics:
[info][gc,heap ] GC(13451) Y: Mark Start Mark End Relocate Start Relocate End
[info][gc,heap ] GC(13451) Y: Used: 3680M (36%) 3718M (36%) 3324M (32%) 146M (1%)
[info][gc,heap ] GC(13451) Y: Live: - 26M (0%) 26M (0%) 25M (0%)
[info][gc,heap ] GC(13451) Y: Garbage: - 3653M (36%) 3257M (32%) 32M (0%)
[info][gc,heap ] GC(13451) Y: Allocated: - 38M (0%) 40M (0%) 88M (1%)
[info][gc,heap ] GC(13451) Y: Reclaimed: - - 396M (4%) 3621M (35%)
[info][gc,heap ] GC(13451) Y: Promoted: - - 0M (0%) 0M (0%)
[info][gc,heap ] GC(13451) Y: Compacted: - - - 23M (0%)
[info][gc,phases ] GC(13451) Y: Young Generation 4130M(40%)->598M(6%) 0.169s
```
这段日志详细记录了GC（垃圾收集）过程中年轻代内存的统计信息。
* Used (已用内存)：
* 值：
* 标记开始：3680M (36%)
* 标记结束：3718M (36%)
* 重定位开始：3324M (32%)
* 重定位结束：146M (1%)
* 解释：年轻代在不同阶段的已用内存量。在重定位结束后，已用内存显著减少到146MB，占最大年轻代内存的1%。
* Live (存活内存)：
* 值：
* 标记结束：26M (0%)
* 重定位开始：26M (0%)
* 重定位结束：25M (0%)
* 解释：在标记阶段结束和重定位阶段，存活内存量基本保持不变，说明大部分对象在GC过程中被标记为垃圾并被回收。
* Garbage (垃圾内存)：
* 值：
* 标记结束：3653M (36%)
* 重定位开始：3257M (32%)
* 重定位结束：32M (0%)
* 解释：在标记阶段结束时有3653MB的垃圾内存，重定位开始时减少到3257MB，重定位结束后减少到32MB，表明大量垃圾内存被成功回收。
* Allocated (分配内存)：
* 值：
* 标记结束：38M (0%)
* 重定位开始：40M (0%)
* 重定位结束：88M (1%)
* 解释：在GC过程中，内存分配的变化情况。从标记结束到重定位结束，分配的内存量增加到88MB，占最大年轻代内存的1%。
* Reclaimed (回收内存)：
* 值：
* 重定位开始：396M (4%)
* 重定位结束：3621M (35%)
* 解释：在重定位过程中，回收了大量内存，从396MB增加到3621MB，表明垃圾收集器在重定位阶段的有效性。
* Promoted (晋升内存)：
* 值：
* 标记结束：0M (0%)
* 重定位开始：0M (0%)
* 重定位结束：0M (0%)
* 解释：没有对象从年轻代晋升到老年代。
* Compacted (压缩内存)：
* 值：
* 重定位结束：23M (0%)
* 解释：在重定位过程中，压缩了23MB的内存。
* 年轻代内存变化：
* 值：4130M (40%) -> 598M (6%)
* 解释：年轻代内存从GC前的4130MB（占40%）减少到GC后的598MB（占6%），垃圾收集过程持续了0.169秒。
```
[info][gc,phases ] GC(13451) O: Old Generation
[info][gc,phases ] GC(13451) O: Concurrent Mark 516.540ms
[info][gc,phases ] GC(13451) O: Pause Mark End 0.021ms
[info][gc,phases ] GC(13451) O: Concurrent Mark Free 0.001ms
[info][gc,phases ] GC(13451) O: Concurrent Process Non-Strong 24.929ms
[info][gc,phases ] GC(13451) O: Concurrent Reset Relocation Set 0.002ms
[info][gc,phases ] GC(13451) O: Concurrent Select Relocation Set 2.376ms
[info][gc,task ] GC(13451) O: Using 1 Workers for Old Generation
[info][gc,task ] GC(13451) O: Using 1 Workers for Old Generation
[info][gc,phases ] GC(13451) O: Concurrent Remap Roots 29.523ms
[info][gc,phases ] GC(13451) O: Pause Relocate Start 0.018ms
[info][gc,phases ] GC(13451) O: Concurrent Relocate 3.222ms
```
这段日志详细记录了GC过程中老年代内存的统计信息。
* Concurrent Mark (并发标记)：并发标记阶段是用来标记老年代中的存活对象，这个过程耗时516.540毫秒。
* Pause Mark End (暂停标记结束)：暂停标记结束阶段，用来确保所有存活对象都被正确标记，耗时0.021毫秒。
* Concurrent Mark Free (并发标记清除)：并发标记清除阶段，用来清除在并发标记期间标记为存活但已不再存活的对象，耗时0.001毫秒。
* Concurrent Process Non-Strong (并发处理非强引用)：并发处理非强引用阶段，用来处理软引用、弱引用、虚引用等，耗时24.929毫秒。
* Concurrent Reset Relocation Set (并发重置重定位集合)：并发重置重定位集合阶段，用来准备重定位集合，耗时0.002毫秒。
* Concurrent Select Relocation Set (并发选择重定位集合)：并发选择重定位集合阶段，用来选择哪些对象需要被重定位，耗时2.376毫秒。
* Using 1 Workers for Old Generation (使用1个工作线程处理老年代)：日志记录了在处理老年代时使用了1个工作线程。
* Concurrent Remap Roots (并发重映射根)：并发重映射根阶段，用来更新根引用指向新的位置，耗时29.523毫秒。
* Pause Relocate Start (暂停重定位开始)：暂停重定位开始阶段，用来准备重定位对象，耗时0.018毫秒。
* Concurrent Relocate (并发重定位)：并发重定位阶段，用来实际移动对象到新位置，耗时3.222毫秒。
```
[info][gc,ref ] GC(13451) O: Encountered Discovered Enqueued
[info][gc,ref ] GC(13451) O: Soft References: 3116 447 0
[info][gc,ref ] GC(13451) O: Weak References: 16558 9265 0
[info][gc,ref ] GC(13451) O: Final References: 87 0 0
[info][gc,ref ] GC(13451) O: Phantom References: 2401 1944 704
```
软引用 (Soft References)
- 遇到 (Encountered): 3116
- 发现 (Discovered): 447
- 入队 (Enqueued): 0
软引用是一种较弱的引用类型，当内存不足时，垃圾回收器会回收这些对象。在这次垃圾回收过程中，总共遇到了3116个软引用对象，其中有447个被识别为软引用对象（即“发现”）。然而，没有任何一个软引用对象被加入到引用队列中（即Enqueued为0），这意味着在这次GC过程中，没有需要处理的软引用对象。
弱引用 (Weak References)
- 遇到 (Encountered): 16558
- 发现 (Discovered): 9265
- 入队 (Enqueued): 0
弱引用是比软引用更弱的引用类型，垃圾回收器在每次GC时都会回收这些对象。在这次垃圾回收过程中，遇到了16558个弱引用对象，其中9265个被识别为弱引用对象。然而，同样没有任何一个弱引用对象被加入到引用队列中，这意味着这些弱引用对象在本次GC过程中没有进一步处理需求。
终结引用 (Final References)
- 遇到 (Encountered): 87
- 发现 (Discovered): 0
- 入队 (Enqueued): 0
终结引用用于对象在垃圾回收之前需要执行一些清理工作。在这次垃圾回收过程中，总共遇到了87个终结引用对象，没有发现新的终结引用对象，并且没有任何终结引用对象被加入到引用队列中，这表明这些对象不需要立即处理。
虚引用 (Phantom References)
- 遇到 (Encountered): 2401
- 发现 (Discovered): 1944
- 入队 (Enqueued): 704
虚引用是一种最弱的引用类型，主要用于跟踪对象何时被垃圾回收。在这次垃圾回收过程中，遇到了2401个虚引用对象，发现了1944个虚引用对象，并且有704个虚引用对象被加入到引用队列中，这意味着这些对象在本次GC过程中被处理。
| truman_999999999 |
1,889,647 | A Comprehensive Guide to Creating Mobile-Friendly Websites | Introduction: In today’s digital age, having a mobile-friendly website is crucial for any business... | 0 | 2024-06-15T15:36:06 | https://dev.to/pcloudy_ssts/a-comprehensive-guide-to-creating-mobile-friendly-websites-5h2d | mobilewebsitetesting, apptestingplatform, automatetest, realdevicetesting | Introduction:
In today’s digital age, having a mobile-friendly website is crucial for any business or organization. With the increasing number of users accessing the internet through mobile devices, it’s essential to ensure that your website provides a seamless and optimized experience across different screen sizes and resolutions. This comprehensive guide will walk you through the process of creating a mobile-friendly website, including key considerations, best practices, and the role of pCloudy in [mobile website testing](https://www.pcloudy.com/blogs/a-comprehensive-guide-to-creating-mobile-friendly-websites/).
Table of Contents:
Understanding the Importance of Mobile-Friendly Websites
1.1 The Rise of Mobile Internet Usage
1.2 Mobile-First Approach
1.3 Impact on User Experience and Conversion Rates
Key Considerations for Mobile-Friendly Website Design
2.1 Responsive Web Design
2.2 Mobile-Optimized Content
2.3 Intuitive Navigation
2.4 Fast Loading Times
2.5 Touch-Friendly Elements
2.6 Streamlined Forms
2.7 Cross-Browser and Cross-Device Compatibility
Best Practices for Mobile-Friendly Web Development
3.1 Mobile Design Principles
3.2 Prioritizing Content
3.3 Optimizing Images and Media
3.4 Implementing Mobile-Friendly Navigation
3.5 Using Mobile-Specific Features
3.6 Designing for Fingers, Not Cursors
3.7 Performance Optimization Techniques
Introduction to pCloudy for Mobile Website Testing
4.1 What is pCloudy?
4.2 Benefits of pCloudy for Mobile Testing
4.3 Key Features of pCloudy
4.4 How pCloudy Helps in Creating Mobile-Friendly Websites
4.4.1 Comprehensive Device Coverage
4.4.2 Real Device Testing
4.4.3 Parallel Testing and Automation
4.4.4 Network and Connectivity Testing
4.4.5 Usability and User Experience Testing
Testing Mobile-Friendly Websites with pCloudy
5.1 Device and Platform Coverage
5.2 Test Automation with pCloudy
5.3 Manual Testing on Real Devices
5.4 Network Simulation and Testing
5.5 Performance Testing
5.6 Usability Testing
5.7 Compatibility Testing
Integrating pCloudy with the Development Workflow
6.1 Setting Up a pCloudy Account
6.2 Accessing Real Devices on pCloudy
6.3 Creating and Executing Test Scenarios
6.4 Analyzing Test Results and Bug Reporting
6.5 Collaborating and Sharing Test Sessions
Conclusion
Section 1: Understanding the Importance of Mobile-Friendly Websites
1.1 The Rise of Mobile Internet Usage
In recent years, there has been a significant shift in how people access the internet. With the proliferation of smartphones and tablets, more and more users are browsing the web using their mobile devices. According to statistics, mobile internet usage surpassed desktop usage in 2016 and has been steadily increasing ever since. This trend highlights the importance of optimizing websites for mobile devices to cater to the growing user base.
1.2 Mobile-First Approach
A mobile-first approach is a design strategy that prioritizes the mobile user experience over desktops or other devices. Instead of treating mobile optimization as an afterthought, it involves designing websites with mobile devices in mind from the outset. By starting with the constraints and unique features of mobile devices, designers can create intuitive, user-friendly experiences that translate well across various screen sizes.
1.3 Impact on User Experience and Conversion Rates
A mobile-friendly website plays a crucial role in enhancing user experience and driving conversion rates. Users expect websites to load quickly, be easy to navigate, and provide a seamless experience regardless of the device they are using. A poorly optimized website that is difficult to read, requires excessive zooming or scrolling, or has slow load times can frustrate users and lead to high bounce rates. On the other hand, a mobile-friendly website that offers responsive design, fast load times, and intuitive navigation can improve user engagement, encourage longer site visits, and increase the likelihood of conversions.
To ensure a positive user experience and maximize conversion rates, it is imperative to create a website that is optimized for mobile devices. In the following sections, we will explore key considerations and best practices for designing and developing mobile-friendly websites, as well as the role of pCloudy in mobile website testing to ensure a seamless experience across multiple devices.
Section 2: Key Considerations for Mobile-Friendly Website Design
2.1 Responsive Web Design
Responsive web design is a fundamental aspect of creating a mobile-friendly website. It involves designing and developing websites that adapt and respond to different screen sizes and resolutions, ensuring optimal viewing and interaction across devices. With responsive design, the layout and content of the website automatically adjust based on the screen size, providing a consistent user experience.
To implement responsive web design, designers use techniques such as fluid grids, flexible images, and media queries. Fluid grids allow elements to resize proportionally, while flexible images adjust their size to fit the screen. Media queries enable the application of different styles and layouts based on the device’s screen size and orientation.
2.2 Mobile-Optimized Content
Content optimization is crucial for mobile-friendly websites. Mobile devices have limited screen real estate, so it’s essential to prioritize and streamline content to deliver a concise and focused experience. Consider the following tips for mobile-optimized content:
Use shorter paragraphs and concise sentences to improve readability.
Break up content with headings, subheadings, and bullet points to make it scannable.
Prioritize important information and place it at the top of the page.
Optimize images and media files for faster loading times without compromising quality.
Provide clear and visible calls to action (CTAs) to guide users towards desired actions.
2.3 Intuitive Navigation
Navigation plays a critical role in mobile-friendly website design. Users should be able to navigate the website effortlessly, regardless of the device they are using. Consider the following navigation best practices:
Use a simple and clear menu structure with concise labels.
Implement a hamburger menu for compact navigation on smaller screens.
Place important navigation elements within reach of the user’s thumb for easy access.
Utilize breadcrumb navigation to provide users with context and easy navigation between pages.
Include search functionality to help users quickly find what they are looking for.
2.4 Fast Loading Times
Mobile users have little patience for slow-loading websites. Slow load times can lead to higher bounce rates and a negative user experience. To ensure fast loading times for mobile-friendly websites, consider the following optimization techniques:
Optimize images and media files by compressing them without sacrificing quality.
Minimize HTTP requests by combining CSS and JavaScript files and using sprite sheets for icons.
Enable browser caching to store static resources and reduce subsequent page load times.
Use Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) to deliver website content from servers located closer to the user’s location.
Optimize code and minimize file sizes by removing unnecessary whitespace, comments, and unused code.
2.5 Touch-Friendly Elements
Mobile devices rely on touch input, so it’s crucial to design touch-friendly elements for a seamless user experience. Consider the following touch-friendly design considerations:
Use larger and well-spaced buttons to accommodate finger taps accurately.
Provide ample spacing between interactive elements to avoid accidental taps.
Use visual cues such as button states and animations to provide feedback on touch interactions.
Avoid small, closely placed links or interactive elements that can be challenging to tap accurately.
Ensure that all interactive elements are large enough to be easily targeted by a finger.
2.6 Streamlined Forms
Forms are often an integral part of websites, whether it’s for contact forms, sign-ups, or purchases. Optimizing forms for mobile devices can significantly impact the user experience. Consider the following tips for streamlined forms:
Keep forms as short as possible, only requesting essential information.
Use autofill and input masks to minimize manual data entry.
Utilize input validation to provide real-time feedback and reduce errors.
Implement mobile-friendly input fields, such as date pickers and dropdown menus.
Provide clear instructions and labels to guide users through the form.
2.7 Cross-Browser and Cross-Device Compatibility
Mobile devices come in various sizes, resolutions, and operating systems. Ensuring cross-browser and cross-device compatibility is essential for delivering a consistent experience. Consider the following best practices:
Test your website on different devices, browsers, and operating systems to ensure compatibility.
Use progressive enhancement techniques to ensure functionality across different devices and browsers.
Optimize CSS and JavaScript to handle variations in rendering and performance across devices.
Keep up with the latest web standards and ensure your website is compatible with new browser versions.
By considering these key design considerations, you can create a mobile-friendly website that provides an optimal user experience across different devices and screen sizes. In the next section, we will explore best practices for mobile-friendly web development, which will further enhance the usability and performance of your website.
Section 3: Best Practices for Mobile-Friendly Web Development
3.1 Mobile Design Principles
When developing a mobile-friendly website, it’s essential to follow mobile design principles that enhance the user experience. These principles include:
Simplify the user interface: Mobile screens have limited space, so prioritize simplicity and clarity in your design. Avoid cluttered layouts and excessive visual elements.
Use visual hierarchy: Arrange content in a way that guides users’ attention to the most important elements. Utilize size, color, and spacing to create a clear visual hierarchy.
Prioritize content: Display essential information prominently and remove any unnecessary elements. Prioritizing content ensures that users quickly find what they’re looking for.
Consider thumb-friendly design: Place interactive elements within easy reach of the user’s thumb. This makes navigation and interaction more comfortable on mobile devices.
3.2 Content Prioritization
Mobile screens have limited space, making it crucial to prioritize content effectively. Consider the following techniques:
Start with the most important information: Place key content at the top of the page or screen to grab users’ attention immediately.
Use concise headings and subheadings: Clearly communicate the purpose and context of each section to aid scanning and readability.
Employ collapsible content: For content-heavy pages, use accordions or expandable sections to allow users to access additional information when needed.
Break up long content: Use short paragraphs, bullet points, and visuals to break up lengthy text and make it more digestible on smaller screens.
3.3 Optimizing Images and Media
Images and media play a significant role in mobile-friendly web development. Optimizing them ensures faster loading times and better overall performance. Consider the following techniques:
Resize and compress images: Resize images to fit the display size and use image compression techniques to reduce file sizes without compromising quality.
Leverage modern image formats: Use next-generation formats like WebP or AVIF, which provide better compression and faster loading times compared to traditional formats like JPEG or PNG.
Lazy loading: Implement lazy loading techniques to load images only when they come into view, improving initial page load times.
Use video sparingly: Be mindful of including videos on mobile websites, as they can consume data and slow down load times. Optimize videos for mobile by compressing them and using HTML5 video players.
3.4 Implementing Mobile-Friendly Navigation
Mobile navigation should be intuitive and easy to use. Consider the following best practices:
Use a responsive navigation menu: Implement a mobile-friendly menu that adapts to different screen sizes. Hamburger menus are a popular choice for mobile navigation.
Keep navigation options concise: Limit the number of menu items to avoid overwhelming users. Utilize dropdown menus or expandable lists for additional options.
Provide breadcrumb navigation: Breadcrumbs help users understand their current location within the website hierarchy, making it easier to navigate backward.
Implement sticky headers: Fixed headers that remain visible as users scroll help them access essential navigation elements without having to scroll back to the top.
3.5 Using Mobile-Specific Features
Mobile devices offer unique features that can enhance the user experience. Consider leveraging these features to create a more engaging mobile-friendly website:
Geolocation: Use geolocation to provide personalized content or location-based services to users.
Touch gestures: Implement touch gestures like swipe, pinch-to-zoom, or swipeable carousels to make interactions more intuitive and enjoyable.
Device sensors: Utilize device sensors such as the accelerometer or gyroscope to create interactive and immersive experiences.
Push notifications: Incorporate push notifications to engage users with timely updates and notifications.
3.6 Designing for Fingers, Not Cursors
Designing for touch input is vital for mobile-friendly websites. Consider the following design considerations:
Use larger interactive elements: Buttons, links, and other interactive elements should be large enough to be easily tapped with a finger.
Provide ample spacing: Leave enough space between interactive elements to avoid accidental taps and improve accuracy.
Use visual feedback: Provide visual cues such as button states or animations to indicate when an element is being tapped or interacted with.
3.7 Performance Optimization Techniques
Performance is crucial for mobile-friendly websites, as mobile devices often have slower internet connections. Consider the following techniques to optimize performance:
Minimize HTTP requests: Reduce the number of requests the website makes to the server by combining CSS and JavaScript files, and using image sprites for icons.
Enable caching: Leverage browser caching to store static resources like CSS and JavaScript files, enabling faster subsequent page loads.
Compress and optimize code: Minify CSS and JavaScript files by removing unnecessary spaces, comments, and line breaks. Optimize code to improve execution speed.
Use asynchronous loading: Load resources such as scripts or stylesheets asynchronously to prevent blocking the rendering of the page.
Optimize server response time: Ensure that your server responds quickly to requests by optimizing database queries, enabling caching, and using a content delivery network (CDN) if necessary.
By following these best practices for mobile-friendly web development, you can create websites that provide a seamless and optimized experience across various mobile devices. In the next section, we will explore the role of pCloudy in mobile website testing, and how it helps ensure a high-quality mobile experience.
Section 4: Introduction to pCloudy for Mobile Website Testing
4.1 What is pCloudy?
pCloudy is a comprehensive [app testing platform](https://www.pcloudy.com/) that offers a wide range of tools and services to help developers and testers create high-quality, mobile-friendly websites. It provides access to real mobile devices, enabling thorough testing across different platforms, screen sizes, and device configurations.
With pCloudy, teams can perform manual testing, [automate test ](https://www.pcloudy.com/rapid-automation-testing/)scenarios, simulate various network conditions, and assess the usability and user experience of their mobile websites. It offers a cloud-based testing environment, eliminating the need for physical devices and infrastructure setup.
4.2 Benefits of pCloudy for app Testing
Using pCloudy for app testing offers several benefits:
Device coverage: pCloudy provides access to a vast range of real mobile devices, including smartphones and tablets running different operating systems and versions. This extensive device coverage ensures that your mobile website is tested on a wide range of configurations to ensure compatibility.
[Real device testing](https://www.pcloudy.com/mobile-device-lab/): Testing on real devices is essential to identify and address device-specific issues that may not be captured in emulators or simulators. pCloudy allows testers to interact with real devices remotely, ensuring accurate testing and replicating real user scenarios.
Parallel testing and automation: pCloudy enables [parallel testing on multiple devices](https://www.pcloudy.com/test-automation-execution-on-multiple-devices-in-parallel/), saving time and effort. It also offers automation capabilities, allowing testers to create and execute test scripts across multiple devices simultaneously, enhancing efficiency and test coverage.
Network and connectivity testing: pCloudy provides network simulation capabilities, allowing testers to emulate various network conditions such as 2G, 3G, 4G, or even poor network connectivity. This helps assess the performance and responsiveness of the mobile website under different network scenarios.
Usability and user experience testing: pCloudy facilitates [usability testing](https://www.pcloudy.com/blogs/how-to-test-and-improve-website-usability/) by allowing testers to remotely access devices and evaluate the user experience of the mobile website. This includes assessing navigation, interactions, responsiveness, and overall user satisfaction.
4.3 Key Features of pCloudy
pCloudy offers a range of features designed to streamline the mobile testing process:
Real device lab: pCloudy provides a cloud-based lab with real devices that can be accessed remotely. Testers can interact with devices, install applications, and perform manual testing.
Device management: pCloudy offers device management capabilities, allowing users to search, filter, and organize devices based on specifications such as OS version, manufacturer, and screen size. This simplifies device selection for testing.
Test automation: pCloudy supports automation frameworks such as Appium and Selenium, enabling testers to create and execute automated test scripts on multiple devices simultaneously. This accelerates the testing process and improves coverage.
Network simulation: With pCloudy, testers can simulate various network conditions, including network speed, latency, and bandwidth, to assess the performance and behavior of the mobile website under different network scenarios.
Usability testing: pCloudy allows testers to remotely access devices and perform usability testing. Testers can evaluate the user experience, interactions, and responsiveness of the mobile website on real devices.
4.4 How pCloudy Helps in Creating Mobile-Friendly Websites
4.4.1 Comprehensive Device Coverage
pCloudy offers access to a vast range of real mobile devices, covering various platforms, operating systems, screen sizes, and configurations. By testing your mobile website on these devices, you can ensure compatibility and optimize the user experience across different platforms.
4.4.2 Real Device Testing
Testing on real devices is crucial to uncover device-specific issues and validate the behavior of your mobile website in real-world conditions. With pCloudy, you can remotely access and interact with real devices, ensuring accurate testing and addressing device-specific challenges.
4.4.3 Parallel Testing and Automation
pCloudy allows for parallel testing on multiple devices, saving time and effort. You can execute test scenarios simultaneously across different devices, accelerating the testing process and improving overall test coverage. Additionally, pCloudy’s automation capabilities enable the creation and execution of test scripts on multiple devices, enhancing efficiency and scalability.
4.4.4 Network and Connectivity Testing
pCloudy’s network simulation feature enables testers to emulate various network conditions, including different network speeds and poor connectivity. By testing your mobile website under these conditions, you can identify and optimize performance bottlenecks and ensure a smooth user experience across different network scenarios.
4.4.5 Usability and User Experience Testing
With pCloudy, testers can remotely access devices and evaluate the usability and user experience of the mobile website. By assessing navigation, interactions, responsiveness, and overall user satisfaction on real devices, you can identify areas for improvement and create a mobile-friendly website that delights users.
In summary, pCloudy’s comprehensive device coverage, real device testing capabilities, parallel testing and automation support, network simulation feature, and usability testing capabilities all contribute to creating mobile-friendly websites that offer a seamless and optimized user experience. In the next section, we will explore the different testing aspects of mobile-friendly websites with pCloudy.
Section 5: Testing Mobile-Friendly Websites with pCloudy
5.1 Device and Platform Coverage
One of the key advantages of using pCloudy for mobile testing is its comprehensive device and platform coverage. pCloudy provides access to a wide range of real mobile devices running various operating systems, including iOS and Android. This extensive device coverage ensures that your mobile-friendly website is thoroughly tested on different platforms, versions, and device configurations.
By testing your website on a diverse set of devices, you can identify any platform-specific issues, ensure cross-platform compatibility, and optimize the user experience for a broad user base.
5.2 Test Automation with pCloudy
Automation is a vital component of mobile testing, enabling efficient and repetitive testing processes. pCloudy supports popular automation frameworks such as Appium and Selenium, allowing you to create and execute automated test scripts.
With pCloudy’s automation capabilities, you can simultaneously run test scenarios on multiple devices, accelerating the testing process and ensuring consistent results across different platforms. This saves time and effort while improving overall test coverage.
By leveraging pCloudy’s test automation features, you can perform tasks such as functional testing, regression testing, and performance testing in a more efficient and scalable manner.
5.3 Manual Testing on Real Devices
While automation is beneficial, certain aspects of mobile testing require human intervention and observation. pCloudy enables manual testing on real devices through its cloud-based device lab.
Testers can remotely access real devices, interact with them using intuitive controls, and perform manual testing of your mobile-friendly website. This allows for real-time exploration, validation of user interfaces, and user experience evaluation.
By manually testing on real devices, you can identify visual and usability issues that may not be easily detected through automation. This approach ensures a thorough evaluation of your website’s performance and behavior on actual devices.
5.4 Network Simulation and Testing
The performance of a mobile-friendly website can vary depending on the network conditions under which it is accessed. pCloudy’s network simulation feature allows testers to replicate different network scenarios and evaluate the website’s behavior accordingly.
With pCloudy, you can simulate various network conditions, including 2G, 3G, 4G, or poor connectivity. This helps you assess how your website performs under different network speeds, latency, and bandwidth limitations.
By testing your mobile website under simulated network conditions, you can identify potential performance issues, optimize resource usage, and ensure a smooth user experience across various network scenarios.
5.5 Performance Testing
Performance is a critical aspect of mobile-friendly website development. Users expect fast loading times and responsive interactions on their mobile devices. With pCloudy, you can conduct performance testing to evaluate the speed and responsiveness of your website.
By leveraging pCloudy’s performance testing capabilities, you can measure key performance metrics such as page load times, server response times, and resource utilization. This helps you identify bottlenecks, optimize code and assets, and deliver a high-performance mobile website.
5.6 Usability Testing
Usability is paramount in creating a mobile-friendly website that engages and retains users. pCloudy facilitates usability testing by allowing testers to remotely access real devices and evaluate the user experience of your website.
Testers can assess navigation, interactions, responsiveness, and overall user satisfaction. By performing usability testing on real devices, you gain valuable insights into how users interact with your website and can make informed design decisions to improve usability and enhance the user experience.
5.7 Compatibility Testing
Ensuring compatibility across different devices, platforms, and screen sizes is crucial for a mobile-friendly website. pCloudy’s extensive device coverage allows you to perform compatibility testing on a wide range of real devices.
By testing your website on various devices and configurations, you can identify any layout, rendering, or functionality issues that may arise on specific platforms or screen sizes. This enables you to make necessary adjustments and optimizations to ensure a consistent and optimized experience for all users.
In conclusion, pCloudy offers a comprehensive set of testing capabilities, including automation, manual testing on real devices, network simulation, performance testing, usability testing, and compatibility testing. By leveraging these features, you can thoroughly test and optimize your mobile-friendly website for different devices, platforms, and network conditions.
Section 6: Integrating pCloudy with the Development Workflow
6.1 Setting Up a pCloudy Account
To integrate pCloudy into your development workflow, the first step is to set up a pCloudy account. Visit the pCloudy website and sign up for an account. You can choose from different subscription plans based on your testing needs and requirements.
Once you’ve signed up, you’ll have access to the pCloudy platform and its features. Take some time to familiarize yourself with the user interface, device lab, and various testing capabilities that pCloudy offers.
6.2 Accessing Real Devices on pCloudy
After setting up your pCloudy account, you can access the real device lab provided by pCloudy. The device lab allows you to remotely access a wide range of real mobile devices for testing.
Using the device lab, you can search for specific devices based on their operating system, screen size, manufacturer, or other specifications. Once you’ve selected a device, you can remotely connect to it and interact with it as if you were holding the physical device in your hands.
This remote access feature enables you to perform both manual testing and automation testing on real devices without the need for physical devices to be present in your testing environment.
6.3 Creating and Executing Test Scenarios
With pCloudy, you can create and execute test scenarios to ensure thorough testing of your mobile-friendly website. Test scenarios can be created using various testing frameworks and languages, such as Appium, Selenium, or any other framework of your choice.
For automation testing, you can write test scripts that cover different test cases and scenarios. These scripts can be executed on multiple devices simultaneously using pCloudy’s parallel testing capabilities. This allows for faster and more efficient testing across various device configurations.
For manual testing, you can use the remote access feature to interact with real devices directly from your browser. This allows you to perform real-time exploratory testing, validate user interfaces, and identify any issues or bugs that may arise during the testing process.
6.4 Analyzing Test Results and Bug Reporting
pCloudy provides comprehensive test result analysis and bug reporting features to help you track and manage issues identified during testing.
After executing your test scenarios, you can analyze the test results to identify any failures or anomalies. pCloudy offers detailed reports that provide insights into test execution, including test status, device logs, screenshots, and other relevant information.
If any bugs or issues are found during testing, you can report them directly from the pCloudy platform. This streamlines the bug reporting process, ensuring that all relevant information is captured and shared with your development team for resolution.
6.5 Collaborating and Sharing Test Sessions
pCloudy facilitates collaboration among team members involved in the testing process. You can invite team members to access the pCloudy platform and participate in testing activities.
Collaboration features include the ability to share test sessions, allowing multiple team members to view and interact with the same device simultaneously. This promotes collaboration, knowledge sharing, and efficient troubleshooting during the testing phase.
Additionally, pCloudy allows you to share test reports and other relevant information with stakeholders, such as developers or project managers. This ensures transparency and effective communication throughout the testing process.
By integrating pCloudy into your development workflow, you can streamline the testing process, improve collaboration among team members, and ensure that issues and bugs are identified and addressed promptly.
In conclusion, pCloudy offers a seamless integration with your development workflow, providing access to real devices, creating and executing test scenarios, analyzing test results, reporting bugs, and promoting collaboration and knowledge sharing among team members.
Section 7: Conclusion
Creating a mobile-friendly website is essential in today’s digital landscape, where mobile devices dominate internet usage. In this comprehensive guide, we have explored key considerations and best practices for designing and developing mobile-friendly websites. We have also discussed the role of pCloudy, a powerful mobile testing platform, in ensuring the quality and effectiveness of mobile website development.
By following the principles of responsive web design, optimizing content for mobile devices, implementing intuitive navigation, ensuring fast loading times, and designing for touch input, you can create a mobile-friendly website that provides a seamless user experience across various screen sizes and devices.
Additionally, pCloudy offers a range of testing capabilities that enhance the process of creating mobile-friendly websites. Its comprehensive device coverage, support for automation, real device testing, network simulation, usability testing, and compatibility testing features empower developers and testers to identify and resolve issues, optimize performance, and deliver a high-quality mobile experience.
Integrating pCloudy into your development workflow allows for efficient and scalable testing across multiple devices and platforms. By leveraging its remote device access, automation capabilities, and collaboration features, you can streamline the testing process, identify bugs and usability issues, and ensure a consistent and optimized experience for mobile users.
In conclusion, creating a mobile-friendly website is crucial for success in the mobile-driven digital landscape. By adhering to best practices and leveraging the capabilities of pCloudy, you can create, test, and optimize mobile-friendly websites that engage users, drive conversions, and deliver a superior user experience.
Embrace the principles of mobile-friendly design, leverage pCloudy’s testing capabilities, and stay updated with the evolving landscape of mobile technology to ensure that your websites thrive in the mobile era. Start creating and testing mobile-friendly websites today to tap into the vast opportunities presented by the mobile user base. | pcloudy_ssts |
1,889,646 | New Linux distro: PyTermOS | Introducing PyTermOS: A Lightweight Linux-Based OS for Learning and Development Hello,... | 0 | 2024-06-15T15:36:05 | https://dev.to/markdev/new-linux-distro-pytermos-2h3p | linux, opensource, python | # Introducing PyTermOS: A Lightweight Linux-Based OS for Learning and Development
Hello, Dev.to community!
I'm excited to introduce [PyTermOS](https://github.com/PyTermOS-Project/PyTermOS), a lightweight, Linux-based operating system designed to make it easier for both kids and adults to step into the world of development and Linux testing. 🚀
## Why PyTermOS?
As a developer and an enthusiast of open-source projects, I wanted to create an OS that is not only lightweight but also educational. PyTermOS aims to provide a simple and accessible platform for learning about Linux, programming, and system operations.
## Key Features
- **Lightweight and Fast:** PyTermOS is designed to run smoothly on minimal hardware.
- **Educational Focus:** Ideal for learners who want to understand the basics of Linux and programming.
- **Python Integration:** Includes a command-line interface built with Python, making it perfect for Python enthusiasts.
- **Open Source:** Fully open-source and available on GitHub for anyone to explore, use, and contribute to.
- **PyTerm Powered:** Built with Python, a new command-line interface made for MacOS is now the point of PyTermOS. PyTerm was for people that want to try Bash or zsh but want to learn using a smaller terminal.
## Getting Started
### 1.
Get the PyTermOS Bootable image from [iCloud](https://www.icloud.com/iclouddrive/069C_WVIjLR8Dou0oQZ5_f6Pg#PyTermOS_Versions). Soon will be created a downloads page on (pytermos.com)[https://pytermos.com)
Note: you won’t find anything on that iCloud page because PyTermOS is still in development and is not ready for being run on hardware.
### 2.
Use software like Balena Etcher or RPi Imager and install PyTermOS.
### 3.
Insert the Micro SD Card in your Raspberry Pi. Other boards are not supported.
### 4.
First-Boot to PyTermOS. Firstly you'll see the Linux Splash Screen and then it will boot to PTCLI. (PyTerm CLI)
### 5.
Now use PyTermOS!
## Contributions welcome!
All contributions are welcome.
### How?
Fork the [PyTermOS](https://github.com/PyTermOS-Project/PyTermOS) Github repo. And then contribute!
### If it's not hard, can you please star or view the repository for making PyTermOS more popular?
All stars and views will be appreciated.
## PyTermOS Links
Main page: [pytermos.com](https://pytermos.com)
Documentation page: [docs.pytermos.com](https://docs.pytermos.com/)
Meaning of PyTermOS page: [pytermos.com/sense.html](https://pytermos.com/sense.html)
RSS Feed: [PyTermOS-Project GitHub RSS](https://github.com/organizations/PyTermOS-Project/markpavlenko.private.atom?token=A2GQHEY22M7CXNZLNVHGBWGEOV4P4)
Github Repo: [PyTermOS-Project/PyTermOS](https://github.com/PyTermOS-Project/PyTermOS)
### Note: it is not done and not working.
Thanks for reading!!
| markdev |
1,889,645 | Moving Beyond Prediction into the Realm of Trading Strategy and Simulation | In finance, accurate predictions are just the beginning. The real challenge lies in translating these... | 0 | 2024-06-15T15:35:52 | https://dev.to/annaliesetech/moving-beyond-prediction-into-the-realm-of-trading-strategy-and-simulation-3mk1 | money, finance, trading, analytics | In finance, accurate predictions are just the beginning. The real challenge lies in translating these predictions into actionable trading strategies. Whether you’re a novice trader or a seasoned investor, understanding how to craft and execute effective trading strategies is crucial. This blog post will explore various trading strategies, essential features like trading fees and risk management, and simulate financial results based on different approaches. #SMAZoomcamp
Getting Started with Trading Apps
1. Download a Trading App:
— Popular apps include Robinhood, E*TRADE, and TD Ameritrade.
— Search and download from your app store.
2. Create an Account:
— Sign up, verify your identity, and submit required documents.
3. Fund Your Account:
— Link your bank account and deposit funds.
4. Placing a Trade:
— Search for the stock, choose order type (market, limit, stop-loss), specify shares, and execute the trade.
Key Features of Trading Strategies
Trading Fees:
— Understand the fee structure and choose low-cost platforms.
Risk Management:
— Use stop-loss orders, position sizing, and diversify investments.
Combining Predictions:
— Use ensemble models and prioritize trades based on confidence scores.
Timing Market Entry:
— Utilize technical indicators and consider macroeconomic factors.
Trading Strategy Examples
Single Stock Investment:
— Ideal for long-term investors focusing on fundamentally strong companies.
— Example: Invest in tech giants like Apple or Google.
Diversified Portfolio Optimization:
— Spread investments across sectors and asset classes.
— Regularly rebalance the portfolio.
— Example: A mix of tech, healthcare, and consumer goods stocks.
Market-Neutral Strategies:
— Long and short positions to hedge against market movements.
— Example: Long undervalued stocks, short overvalued ones.
Mean Reversion Strategy:
— Capitalize on price deviations from historical averages.
— Example: Buy stocks expected to revert to their mean value.
Vertical Stocks Covering and Pairs Trading:
— Trade correlated stocks to exploit relative price movements.
— Example: Long on a strong tech stock, short on a weaker one.
Penny Stocks and Dividend Strategies:
— High-risk, high-reward strategy or focus on dividend-paying stocks.
— Example: Invest in penny stocks or stable dividend-paying blue-chip stocks.
Basic Options Strategy (Advanced):
— Use options for leverage and risk management.
— Example: Implement covered calls or protective puts.
Simulating Financial Results
Historical Data Analysis:
— Use historical data to backtest strategies.
Prediction Models:
— Apply models to historical data for buy/sell signals.
Strategy Implementation:
— Execute trades, considering fees and risk management rules.
Performance Metrics:
— Calculate ROI, Sharpe ratio, and maximum drawdown.
— Compare strategies to identify the most effective one.
Conclusion
Moving beyond prediction into trading strategy involves careful planning and disciplined execution. By understanding various strategies and incorporating risk management and trading fee considerations, traders can enhance their chances of success. Whether focusing on long-term investments, diversified portfolios, or market-neutral approaches, staying informed and adaptable is key. Happy trading! #SMAZoomcamp | annaliesetech |
1,889,643 | How to Integrate Cloudinary with TinyMCE for Image Uploads | If you're looking to enable image uploads in TinyMCE and store those images in Cloudinary, you're in... | 0 | 2024-06-15T15:33:18 | https://dev.to/joshydev/how-to-integrate-cloudinary-with-tinymce-for-image-uploads-fm9 | react, tutorial, learning | If you're looking to enable image uploads in TinyMCE and store those images in Cloudinary, you're in the right place. This guide will walk you through the steps to integrate Cloudinary with TinyMCE, allowing users to upload images directly from the editor and have them stored in Cloudinary.
###Prerequisites
1. A Cloudinary account. If you don’t have one, [sign up here](https://cloudinary.com/users/register/free).
2. A TinyMCE API key. You can get one from the [TinyMCE website](https://www.tiny.cloud/get-tiny/self-hosted/).
#### Steps
1. **Set Up Cloudinary**
- **Log in to Cloudinary**: Go to the [Cloudinary website](https://cloudinary.com/) and log in to your account.
- **Navigate to Settings**: Once logged in, click on the "Settings" tab.
- **Create an Upload Preset**:
- Go to the "Upload" tab.
- Scroll down to the "Upload Presets" section and click "Add upload preset".
- Configure the preset according to your needs (e.g., allowed formats, transformations, folder, etc.).
- Save the preset and note its name.
2. **Set Up TinyMCE**
- Install TinyMCE in your project (if you haven't already):
```bash
npm install @tinymce/tinymce-react
```
- Create a component for the TinyMCE editor and integrate the Cloudinary upload functionality:
```javascript
import React, { useRef } from 'react';
import { Editor } from '@tinymce/tinymce-react';
interface TinyMiceEditorProps {
editorRef: React.MutableRefObject<any>;
}
export default function TinyMiceEditor({ editorRef }:TinyMiceEditorProps) {
const filePickerCallback = (callback, value, meta) => {
if (meta.filetype === 'image') {
const input = document.createElement('input');
input.setAttribute('type', 'file');
input.setAttribute('accept', 'image/*');
input.onchange = async function () {
const file = this.files[0];
if (file) {
const formData = new FormData();
formData.append('file', file);
formData.append('upload_preset', 'your_upload_preset'); // replace with your upload preset
try {
const response = await fetch(
`https://api.cloudinary.com/v1_1/your_cloud_name/image/upload`, // replace with your cloud name
{
method: 'POST',
body: formData,
}
);
if (!response.ok) {
throw new Error('Network response was not ok');
}
const data = await response.json();
const imageUrl = data.secure_url;
// Insert the uploaded image URL into TinyMCE
callback(imageUrl, { title: file.name });
} catch (error) {
console.error('Error uploading image to Cloudinary:', error);
}
}
};
input.click();
}
};
return (
<Editor
apiKey={process.env.NEXT_PUBLIC_TINYMCE_API_KEY}
onInit={(_evt, editor) => (editorRef.current = editor)}
initialValue=""
init={{
height: 500,
menubar: false,
plugins: [
"advlist",
"autolink",
"lists",
"link",
"image",
"charmap",
"preview",
"anchor",
"searchreplace",
"visualblocks",
"code",
"fullscreen",
"insertdatetime",
"media",
"table",
"code",
"help",
"wordcount",
],
toolbar:
"undo redo | blocks | image " +
"bold italic forecolor | alignleft aligncenter " +
"alignright alignjustify | bullist numlist outdent indent | " +
"removeformat | help",
content_style:
"body { font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:14px }",
file_picker_callback: filePickerCallback,
}}
/>
);
};
export default MyEditor;
```
### Explanation
1. **File Input**: The `filePickerCallback` creates a file input element to allow users to select an image.
3. **Fetch POST Request**: The image is uploaded to Cloudinary using the `fetch` API. Replace `your_cloud_name` and `your_upload_preset` with your Cloudinary details.
4. **Image URL**: On successful upload, Cloudinary returns the image URL inserted into TinyMCE using the `callback`.
### Important Notes
- **Security**: Using unsigned uploads without an upload preset might expose your Cloudinary account to misuse. Using signed uploads or configuring strict settings on your Cloudinary account is recommended.
- **Configuration**: Upload presets allow you to enforce consistent transformations, naming conventions, and security settings, which can be very beneficial for maintaining order and control over your media assets.
And that's it! You've successfully integrated Cloudinary with TinyMCE to allow image uploads directly from the editor. This setup provides a seamless experience for users to add images to their content, with the images being securely stored and managed in Cloudinary. | joshydev |
1,889,642 | Building Command Line Interface (CLI) Tools with Node.js | Creating Command Line Interface (CLI) tools is a powerful way to automate tasks, manage system... | 0 | 2024-06-15T15:32:55 | https://dev.to/sojida/building-command-line-interface-cli-tools-with-nodejs-4mob | Creating Command Line Interface (CLI) tools is a powerful way to automate tasks, manage system operations, or even interface with web services directly from the terminal. Node.js, with its event-driven architecture and robust package ecosystem, is an excellent choice for building CLI tools. In this article, we will explore how to build a CLI application using Node.js, covering everything from basic setup to advanced features.
#### Getting Started
Before we dive into the specifics of building a CLI tool, make sure you have Node.js and npm (Node Package Manager) installed on your machine. You can download and install them from [Node.js official website](https://nodejs.org/).
##### Step 1: Initialize Your Project
First, create a new directory for your project and initialize it with npm:
```sh
mkdir my-cli-tool
cd my-cli-tool
npm init -y
```
This command creates a `package.json` file with default settings.
##### Step 2: Create an Entry Point
Next, create an entry point for your application, typically `index.js` or `cli.js`. For this example, we'll use `cli.js`:
```sh
touch cli.js
```
##### Step 3: Update package.json
Update the `package.json` file to specify the entry point and make it executable. Add the following field:
```json
"bin": {
"mycli": "./cli.js"
}
```
Here, `mycli` is the command you will use to run your CLI tool.
##### Step 4: Make the Script Executable
Add the following line at the top of `cli.js` to make it executable:
```js
#!/usr/bin/env node
```
This shebang line tells the system to execute the script using Node.js.
#### Building the CLI Tool
Now, let's start building the functionality of our CLI tool. We'll use a popular package called `commander` to help with argument parsing and command handling.
##### Step 5: Install Commander
Install `commander` using npm:
```sh
npm install commander
```
##### Step 6: Create Basic Commands
In `cli.js`, set up a simple command structure:
```js
#!/usr/bin/env node
const { Command } = require('commander');
const program = new Command();
program
.name('mycli')
.description('A simple CLI tool built with Node.js')
.version('1.0.0');
program
.command('greet <name>')
.description('Greet a person')
.action((name) => {
console.log(`Hello, ${name}!`);
});
program.parse(process.argv);
```
This script defines a basic CLI tool with a single command `greet` that takes a `name` argument and prints a greeting.
##### Step 7: Link the Tool Locally
Before using your CLI tool, link it locally:
```sh
npm link
```
This command creates a symbolic link to your CLI tool, allowing you to run `mycli` from anywhere on your system.
##### Step 8: Test Your CLI
Now you can test your CLI tool:
```sh
mycli greet John
```
You should see the output: `Hello, John!`
#### Adding More Features
To make your CLI tool more robust, you can add additional commands, options, and external scripts.
##### Step 9: Adding Options
You can add options to your commands using `.option()`:
```js
program
.command('greet <name>')
.description('Greet a person')
.option('-t, --title <title>', 'Title to use in the greeting')
.action((name, options) => {
const title = options.title ? `${options.title} ` : '';
console.log(`Hello, ${title}${name}!`);
});
```
Now you can run:
```sh
mycli greet John --title Mr.
```
And see the output: `Hello, Mr. John!`
##### Step 10: Handling Asynchronous Tasks
For asynchronous operations, use async/await in your command actions:
```js
program
.command('fetch <url>')
.description('Fetch data from a URL')
.action(async (url) => {
try {
const response = await fetch(url);
const data = await response.json();
console.log(data);
} catch (error) {
console.error('Error fetching data:', error);
}
});
```
Make sure to install `node-fetch` for this example:
```sh
npm install node-fetch
```
##### Step 11: Creating Complex Commands
For more complex commands, you can modularize your code by splitting it into separate files:
Create a file `commands/greet.js`:
```js
module.exports = (name, options) => {
const title = options.title ? `${options.title} ` : '';
console.log(`Hello, ${title}${name}!`);
};
```
And update `cli.js`:
```js
const greet = require('./commands/greet');
program
.command('greet <name>')
.description('Greet a person')
.option('-t, --title <title>', 'Title to use in the greeting')
.action(greet);
```
#### Conclusion
Building a CLI tool with Node.js can greatly enhance your productivity and provide a powerful way to interface with your applications. With the `commander` package, you can quickly set up and expand your CLI tool with commands, options, and arguments. By following the steps outlined in this article, you can create versatile and robust CLI tools tailored to your specific needs. Happy coding! | sojida | |
1,889,641 | NUnit vs. XUnit vs. MSTest: Comparing Unit Testing Frameworks In C# | Introduction In the ever-evolving field of software development, a crucial aspect that underpins the... | 0 | 2024-06-15T15:29:25 | https://dev.to/pcloudy_ssts/nunit-vs-xunit-vs-mstest-comparing-unit-testing-frameworks-in-c-185e | Introduction
In the ever-evolving field of software development, a crucial aspect that underpins the quality and reliability of software is unit testing. It is a vital cog in the development process, providing an early detection system for bugs, enhancing code quality, and encouraging modular, maintainable design. Unit testing is a tool, a weapon that developers wield to fortify their code, to validate its behavior, and to prevent defects from creeping into production. It forms the first line of defense against bugs and facilitates a smoother, more efficient development process.
In the C# and .NET ecosystem, three unit testing frameworks have gained prominence due to their robust features and strong community support. They are NUnit, XUnit, and MSTest. Each of these frameworks has its unique strengths, providing various ways to define and manage your unit tests. However, understanding which framework to employ for a specific scenario or project requires an in-depth comparison and evaluation.
NUnit, the oldest among the trio, is an open-source unit testing framework widely known for its comprehensive feature set and flexibility. It brings powerful capabilities to the table like parameterized tests, a broad range of assertions, and strong support for data-driven tests.
XUnit, developed by one of NUnit’s original authors, prides itself on being a more modern and innovative testing framework. It has been designed with improved support for parallel testing, cleaner syntax, and a strong emphasis on community-driven best practices.
MSTest, Microsoft’s proprietary testing framework, provides tight integration with Visual Studio and the overall Microsoft ecosystem. Its out-of-the-box support and easy setup make it an attractive choice for many developers working in the Microsoft stack.
The aim of this guide is to delve into these frameworks, evaluating their features, differences, strengths, and weaknesses. The intent is to provide you with an understanding that extends beyond surface-level knowledge, to arm you with the insights you need to choose the most suitable framework for your project. Let’s embark on this journey of exploration, understanding, and evaluation.
An Overview of Unit Testing in C#
C# is a powerhouse in the realm of software development, acclaimed for its simplicity, versatility, and robustness. A brainchild of Microsoft, C# is the language of choice for developing a wide variety of applications, ranging from web applications, Windows applications, to mobile applications with Xamarin, and even game development with Unity. Its prominence is undeniable, making the role of unit testing in C# even more vital.
Unit testing in C# holds paramount importance due to several reasons. Firstly, unit tests ensure that individual components of the software are working as expected. This directly contributes to the software’s overall robustness, quality, and reliability. Secondly, unit tests serve as a form of documentation. They provide developers an understanding of how individual functions and components are supposed to work, thereby reducing knowledge silos and enhancing maintainability. Lastly, unit tests facilitate refactoring.
Developers can make changes and immediately verify that the functionality remains intact, fostering an environment that encourages code improvement and evolution.
Unit testing in C#, at its core, involves testing individual methods in isolation. This is achieved by creating instances of classes, invoking methods, and using assertions to validate the output or the state change. However, writing good unit tests often requires more than just understanding the language syntax. It’s about understanding the principles of good software design, about creating testable, loosely-coupled code. It often involves practices like dependency injection, use of interfaces, and mock objects.
As we delve further into the realm of NUnit, XUnit, and MSTest, we will explore how these frameworks aid in writing effective unit tests in C#. Let’s take our first step towards understanding these frameworks, their methodologies, and how they can help you write better unit tests.
Diving into NUnit
Detailed Introduction of NUnit
Emerging from the Smalltalk testing framework SUnit, NUnit is an open-source unit testing framework for .NET languages. Inspired initially by JUnit, NUnit has evolved and matured over the years, setting itself apart with its unique features and functionality. Known for its excellent flexibility and extensive features, NUnit has found wide adoption in the .NET ecosystem, from commercial enterprise applications to open-source projects.
An important aspect of NUnit that contributes to its popularity is its commitment to being non-restrictive. NUnit aims to make very few assumptions about how you design your tests. This philosophy encourages you to write tests that are best suited to your context, rather than having to structure your tests around a prescribed approach.
Features, Strengths, and Weaknesses
NUnit’s features are broad and versatile. From powerful assertions to flexible test setups, NUnit provides the necessary tools to write concise, descriptive tests. It supports parameterized tests, allowing you to run the same test method with different inputs, and theory tests, which let you test a hypothesis across a range of data. It also provides excellent support for data-driven tests with its TestCase, TestCaseSource, and ValueSource attributes. NUnit’s Assert class is extensive, with numerous methods to assert conditions, helping you express what you expect to happen clearly.
Moreover, NUnit tests can run in parallel, both at assembly level and test case level, which significantly speeds up the execution of a large suite of tests. It also has strong support for handling expected exceptions, letting you assert that your code throws the correct exceptions under the right conditions.
A significant strength of NUnit lies in its broad community support, thanks to its status as an open-source project. It has extensive documentation and numerous online resources, making it easier for beginners to get started and for experienced users to solve problems.
However, NUnit has a couple of drawbacks. Setting up and running NUnit tests can be a bit more complicated compared to other frameworks, especially for those not using an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) like Visual Studio. While it offers more flexibility, it can also lead to less consistency in how tests are written across different projects, as it doesn’t enforce a specific structure for tests.
Setting Up and Writing NUnit Tests
Setting up NUnit for a C# project typically involves installing the NUnit package and NUnit Test Adapter via NuGet. The NUnit Test Adapter allows Visual Studio’s built-in test runner to run NUnit tests.
Writing tests in NUnit involves creating a test class and marking it with a [TestFixture] attribute. Each test method within the class is marked with a [Test] attribute. NUnit tests typically follow the Arrange-Act-Assert (AAA) pattern, where you first arrange the necessary conditions for your test, then act by executing the code under test, and finally assert that the results match your expectations.
One of the key features of NUnit is its powerful [TestCase] attribute, which allows you to write parameterized tests. With [TestCase], you can provide inline data for your tests, making it easy to run the same test method with different inputs.
Integration of NUnit with Development Tools
NUnit integrates smoothly with various development tools. Visual Studio users can use the NUnit Test Adapter to run NUnit tests using Visual Studio’s built-in test runner. For those favoring Continuous Integration (CI) tools like Jenkins or TeamCity, NUnit produces results in an XML format that can be read and reported on by these tools.
The NUnit Console Runner and NUnit GUI Runner can run NUnit tests from the command line or a standalone application, respectively. These can be useful for those not using an IDE or for integrating NUnit tests into a build process.
Case Study Demonstrating NUnit in Action
Let’s consider a simple case study where we have a C# class called Calculator with methods for addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. We want to write unit tests for these methods using NUnit.
Firstly, we set up NUnit in our project by installing the necessary packages via NuGet. We create a new class file, CalculatorTests, to house our tests.
In CalculatorTests, we mark the class with [TestFixture] attribute, which tells NUnit that this class contains tests. We create a method for each operation we want to test – AddTest, SubtractTest, MultiplyTest, and DivideTest, marking each with the [Test] attribute.
Inside each test method, we create an instance of the Calculator, call the appropriate method on the Calculator, and then use NUnit’s Assert class to validate that the result is as expected.
Using the [TestCase] attribute, we easily write additional tests for different inputs. For example, in AddTest, we use [TestCase] to test various combinations of numbers, checking each time that the result of the addition operation is correct.
Throughout this process, NUnit provides a powerful and flexible platform for us to write our tests. The AAA pattern helps us structure our tests clearly, the [TestCase] attribute helps us test a wide range of inputs quickly and concisely, and NUnit’s Assert class lets us clearly state our expectations.
In the end, we have a suite of tests for our Calculator class that give us confidence that it is functioning correctly. If we make changes to the Calculator in the future, these tests will help us ensure that we haven’t inadvertently introduced any bugs.
Here’s how the code for this case study might look:
“`csharp
using NUnit.Framework;
[TestFixture]
public class CalculatorTests
{
private Calculator _calculator;
[SetUp]
public void SetUp()
{
_calculator = new Calculator();
}
[Test]
[TestCase(1, 2, 3)]
[TestCase(-1, -2, -3)]
[TestCase(100, 200, 300)]
public void AddTest(int value1, int value2, int expected)
{
var result = _calculator.Add(value1, value2);
Assert.AreEqual(expected, result);
}
[Test]
[TestCase(5, 2, 3)]
[TestCase(-1, -2, 1)]
[TestCase(200, 100, 100)]
public void SubtractTest(int value1, int value2, int expected)
{
var result = _calculator.Subtract(value1, value2);
Assert.AreEqual(expected, result);
}
[Test]
[TestCase(1, 2, 2)]
[TestCase(-1, -2, 2)]
[TestCase(100, 200, 20000)]
public void MultiplyTest(int value1, int value2, int expected)
{
var result = _calculator.Multiply(value1, value2);
Assert.AreEqual(expected, result);
}
[Test]
[TestCase(6, 2, 3)]
[TestCase(-2, -1, 2)]
[TestCase(200, 100, 2)]
public void DivideTest(int value1, int value2, int expected)
{
var result = _calculator.Divide(value1, value2);
Assert.AreEqual(expected, result);
}
[TearDown]
public void TearDown()
{
_calculator = null;
}
}
“`
In this case study, we’re using the Arrange-Act-Assert (AAA) pattern, a common pattern when writing unit tests. We *arrange* by setting up the necessary objects, we *act* by calling the method we want to test, and we *assert* by verifying that the action produced the expected result.
The `CalculatorTests` class contains four test methods, each testing a different operation of the `Calculator` class. By using NUnit’s `[TestCase]` attribute, we can test each operation with different sets of inputs. This not only saves us from writing extra code but also makes our tests more robust by covering a variety of scenarios.
We also use NUnit’s `[SetUp]` and `[TearDown]` attributes to manage our test setup and cleanup. This ensures that each test is run in isolation, which is a key principle of unit testing.
By implementing unit tests with NUnit, we can ensure that our `Calculator` class works as expected, and we can prevent potential bugs from creeping into our codebase in the future.
Exploring XUnit
Detailed Introduction of XUnit
xUnit.net, often referred to as xUnit, is a free, open-source unit testing tool for the .NET Framework. It is written by the original inventor of NUnit v2, which provides it a strong foundation of testing features, coupled with some new attributes and philosophies that make it a little unique. xUnit’s design principles focus on being clean, methods being isolated, and allowing the developer to write less but more robust tests.
xUnit is known for its simplicity, flexibility, and being extensible. It’s the testing tool of choice for the .NET Core projects. xUnit architecture eliminates some traditional methods seen in NUnit and MSTest, and brings a new approach to creating and managing the lifecycle of tests.
Features, Strengths, and Weaknesses
xUnit comes with a theory feature, which takes the concept of a parameterized test and expands upon it. Theories allow you to run a single test for different data, which is a convenient feature when you want to test the same logic with varying inputs.
One of xUnit’s strengths is its flexibility and extensibility. It allows you to control more aspects of test running, such as creating new attributes to control how tests are run, deciding the order of test execution, and controlling parallelism. This makes it a suitable choice for complex testing scenarios.
xUnit’s emphasis on test isolation ensures that tests do not share the setup or cleanup code, which reduces dependencies and potential conflicts between tests. Moreover, the assert class in xUnit is extremely comprehensive, providing a clean and user-friendly way to validate test results.
However, xUnit isn’t without its weaknesses. The learning curve can be steep, especially for those used to the more traditional test structure seen in frameworks like NUnit and MSTest. Also, while its community support is growing, it may not be as extensive as NUnit’s.
Setting Up and Writing xUnit Tests
Setting up xUnit involves installing the necessary packages, specifically the xUnit runner and xUnit core packages. You can use NuGet Package Manager to install these in your .NET project.
In xUnit, test classes are just plain classes without any special attributes. A test method is denoted by the [Fact] attribute, which signifies that the method must always hold true.’
xUnit does away with the traditional [SetUp] and [TearDown] attributes seen in other frameworks. Instead, it uses class constructors and the IDisposable interface to run code before and after each test. This enforces the concept of test isolation, as each test is run with a fresh instance of the test class.
In addition, xUnit brings the concept of “assertions as exceptions” and does not use an Assert class. Instead, it throws exceptions upon failure. This aligns with the design principle of not trying to manage or control the way exceptions are handled.’
Integration of xUnit with Development Tools
Like NUnit, xUnit integrates seamlessly with a variety of development tools. For Visual Studio users, there’s a Visual Studio Runner which allows Visual Studio’s built-in test runner to discover and run xUnit tests. It also works well with ReSharper, a popular productivity extension for Visual Studio.
For those who are integrating with a CI/CD pipeline, xUnit can output XML test results that can be picked up by tools like Jenkins or Azure DevOps.
Case Study Demonstrating xUnit in Action
For a real-world example, let’s return to our Calculator class. Similar to the NUnit example, we create a CalculatorTests class, but this time without any special attributes.
We then write methods to test the Add, Subtract, Multiply, and Divide operations, each one marked with the [Fact] attribute.
Instead of creating a setup method, we use the class constructor to initialize our Calculator instance. To clean up after each test, we implement the IDisposable interface and dispose of our Calculator instance there.
We can also take advantage of xUnit’s [Theory] and [InlineData] attributes to create parameterized tests, just like we did with NUnit’s [TestCase] attribute.
At the end of this process, we have a suite of tests just as robust as the NUnit example. However, our tests are now isolated, meaning we can run them independently and in any order without worrying about shared state causing unexpected results. Furthermore, we’ve written less code, as xUnit’s design principles have guided us towards a simpler, more efficient test suite.
Here’s how you might structure your CalculatorTests class using xUnit:
using Xunit;
public class CalculatorTests : IDisposable
{
private Calculator _calculator;
public CalculatorTests()
{
_calculator = new Calculator();
}
[Fact]
[InlineData(1, 2, 3)]
[InlineData(-1, -2, -3)]
[InlineData(100, 200, 300)]
public void AddTest(int value1, int value2, int expected)
{
var result = _calculator.Add(value1, value2);
Assert.Equal(expected, result);
}
[Fact]
[InlineData(5, 2, 3)]
[InlineData(-1, -2, 1)]
[InlineData(200, 100, 100)]
public void SubtractTest(int value1, int value2, int expected)
{
var result = _calculator.Subtract(value1, value2);
Assert.Equal(expected, result);
}
[Fact]
[InlineData(1, 2, 2)]
[InlineData(-1, -2, 2)]
[InlineData(100, 200, 20000)]
public void MultiplyTest(int value1, int value2, int expected)
{
var result = _calculator.Multiply(value1, value2);
Assert.Equal(expected, result);
}
[Fact]
[InlineData(6, 2, 3)]
[InlineData(-2, -1, 2)]
[InlineData(200, 100, 2)]
public void DivideTest(int value1, int value2, int expected)
{
var result = _calculator.Divide(value1, value2);
Assert.Equal(expected, result);
}
public void Dispose()
{
_calculator = null;
}
}
In this code, the CalculatorTests class has the same structure and functionality as the NUnit example, but with a few key differences due to xUnit’s design.
Instead of using [SetUp] and [TearDown] attributes for setup and cleanup, we use the constructor and IDisposable.Dispose() method, respectively. This is due to xUnit’s focus on test isolation and avoidance of shared state.
We use the [Fact] attribute to denote test methods, just like NUnit’s [Test] attribute. But for parameterized tests, we use the [Theory] and [InlineData] attributes, which offer the same functionality as NUnit’s [TestCase] attribute but with a different syntax.
With these adjustments, we achieve the same level of testing as with NUnit, but with the added benefits of xUnit’s design philosophy. These tests provide us with confidence that the Calculator class is working as expected and will help us avoid introducing bugs in the future.
Unveiling MSTest
Detailed Introduction of MSTest
MSTest is Microsoft’s proprietary testing framework, fully integrated into the .NET platform and Visual Studio. As such, MSTest is the default testing framework for many .NET developers, especially those who prefer using an out-of-the-box solution that seamlessly integrates with their development environment.
Despite the competition from NUnit and xUnit, MSTest remains a viable choice for .NET testing due to its ease of use, full integration with the Visual Studio Test Explorer, and built-in support for .NET development features.
Features, Strengths, and Weaknesses
MSTest’s features cover the spectrum of unit testing needs, including data-driven tests, support for asynchronous testing, and private accessors for testing non-public methods and properties. MSTest also includes code coverage analysis right out of the box, which is a significant advantage.
A major strength of MSTest is its integration with Visual Studio. The tests can be created, executed, and debugged directly from the IDE, and the test results are available in the Test Explorer window. This feature makes it a great choice for developers who want an integrated experience. Furthermore, MSTest is backed by Microsoft, ensuring professional support and continuous updates.
However, MSTest does have some weaknesses. It is less flexible and extensible than NUnit and xUnit, and its performance is considered slower in terms of test execution. Also, MSTest’s attributes and assertions are fewer compared to NUnit and xUnit. Finally, MSTest’s support and usage in the open-source community are limited compared to its counterparts.
Setting Up and Writing MSTest Tests
Setting up MSTest for a C# project is straightforward. If you’re using Visual Studio, you can directly create a new Unit Test Project, which will set up everything you need to start writing MSTest tests.
Test classes in MSTest are denoted with the [TestClass] attribute, and test methods within them are marked with the [TestMethod] attribute. MSTest follows the Arrange-Act-Assert (AAA) pattern for test methods, similar to NUnit and xUnit.
MSTest provides [TestInitialize] and [TestCleanup] attributes for setting up and cleaning up before and after each test, respectively. For setting up and cleaning up before and after all tests in a class, MSTest provides [ClassInitialize] and [ClassCleanup] attributes.
MSTest includes the Assert class, which provides a set of assertion methods useful in writing tests. Assert.AreEqual, Assert.IsTrue, and Assert.ThrowsException are examples of commonly used assertion methods.
Integration of MSTest with Development Tools
Being a Microsoft product, MSTest has excellent integration with Visual Studio. You can run and debug tests, see test results, and analyze code coverage directly from the IDE.
For CI/CD pipelines, MSTest produces results as .trx files, which can be published as test results in Azure DevOps. It also integrates with popular tools like Jenkins and TeamCity.
Case Study Demonstrating MSTest in Action
Let’s once again look at our Calculator class. This time, we’ll create a new Unit Test Project in Visual Studio, which sets up an MSTest testing environment for us.
We create a CalculatorTests class, marking it with the [TestClass] attribute. For each operation in the Calculator class, we create a test method and mark it with the [TestMethod] attribute.
We then implement the [TestInitialize] method to create a new Calculator instance before each test, and use the [TestCleanup] method to dispose of it afterwards.
Using MSTest’s Assert class, we validate the results of the Calculator’s methods.
To create data-driven tests, we can use the [DataRow] attribute along with the [DataTestMethod] attribute. This lets us run a single test method multiple times with different input values.
In conclusion, MSTest provides a comfortable and integrated testing environment for .NET developers, especially for those heavily using Visual Studio and other Microsoft development tools. Despite its disadvantages compared to NUnit and xUnit, MSTest remains a viable option for .NET testing due to its built-in Visual Studio support and ease of use.
here’s an example of how you might write your CalculatorTests class using MSTest:
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
[TestClass]
public class CalculatorTests
{
private Calculator _calculator;
[TestInitialize]
public void SetUp()
{
_calculator = new Calculator();
}
[TestMethod]
[DataRow(1, 2, 3)]
[DataRow(-1, -2, -3)]
[DataRow(100, 200, 300)]
public void AddTest(int value1, int value2, int expected)
{
var result = _calculator.Add(value1, value2);
Assert.AreEqual(expected, result);
}
[TestMethod]
[DataRow(5, 2, 3)]
[DataRow(-1, -2, 1)]
[DataRow(200, 100, 100)]
public void SubtractTest(int value1, int value2, int expected)
{
var result = _calculator.Subtract(value1, value2);
Assert.AreEqual(expected, result);
}
[TestMethod]
[DataRow(1, 2, 2)]
[DataRow(-1, -2, 2)]
[DataRow(100, 200, 20000)]
public void MultiplyTest(int value1, int value2, int expected)
{
var result = _calculator.Multiply(value1, value2);
Assert.AreEqual(expected, result);
}
[TestMethod]
[DataRow(6, 2, 3)]
[DataRow(-2, -1, 2)]
[DataRow(200, 100, 2)]
public void DivideTest(int value1, int value2, int expected)
{
var result = _calculator.Divide(value1, value2);
Assert.AreEqual(expected, result);
}
[TestCleanup]
public void TearDown()
{
_calculator = null;
}
}
In this code, the CalculatorTests class has similar structure and functionality to the NUnit and xUnit examples. However, we use MSTest-specific attributes and methods.
The [TestClass] attribute denotes that the CalculatorTests class contains test methods, and the [TestMethod] attribute marks each test method.
For test setup and cleanup, we use the [TestInitialize] and [TestCleanup] methods, respectively. This allows us to create a new Calculator instance for each test and dispose of it afterwards, ensuring that each test is run in isolation.
We use the Assert.AreEqual method from MSTest’s Assert class to verify that the results of the Calculator’s methods match our expectations.
Finally, to create data-driven tests, we use the [DataRow] attribute in conjunction with the [TestMethod] attribute. This allows us to run a single test method multiple times with different input values, much like NUnit’s [TestCase] attribute and xUnit’s [Theory] and [InlineData] attributes.
With these techniques, we can use MSTest to create a robust suite of tests for our Calculator class, helping us ensure its correctness and reliability.
NUnit vs. XUnit vs. MSTest: Head to Head Comparison
Comparison Chart/Table
Feature
NUnit
XUnit
MSTest
Source
Open Source
Open Source
Microsoft
Usage
High
Medium-High
High
Flexibility/Extensibility
High
Very High
Medium
IDE Integration (Visual Studio)
Excellent (via NuGet package)
Excellent (via NuGet package)
Built-in
Assertions Style
Assert class methods
Assert class methods and Record Exception
Assert class methods
Execution Speed
Fast
Fast
Slightly slower
SetUp/TearDown
[SetUp] and [TearDown]
Constructor/Dispose
[TestInitialize] and [TestCleanup]
Community Support
High
Medium
Medium
When comparing NUnit, xUnit, and MSTest, it’s important to note how each framework handles different aspects of the testing process. This comparison is easily illustrated in a table, which I’ve provided below:
NUnit
xUnit
MSTest
Test Class Attribute
The NUnit framework uses the [TestFixture] attribute to denote a class that contains tests.
xUnit, on the other hand, doesn’t require a special attribute to mark a test class. Any public class can contain test methods.
MSTest uses the [TestClass] attribute to identify classes that contain test methods.
Test Method Attribute
NUnit marks test methods with the [Test] attribute.
In xUnit, test methods are marked with the [Fact] attribute.
MSTest uses the [TestMethod] attribute for this purpose.
Setup Method Attribute
NUnit uses the [SetUp] attribute to denote a method that is run before each test.
xUnit uses the constructor of the test class for setup, providing a new instance of the test class for each test.
In MSTest, the [TestInitialize] attribute is used to specify a method to be run before each test.
Cleanup Method Attribute
The [TearDown] attribute in NUnit marks a method to be run after each test.
xUnit uses the IDisposable interface, where the Dispose method is called after each test for cleanup.
MSTest uses the [TestCleanup] attribute for marking a method to be run after each test.
Assert Equal Method
NUnit uses the Assert.AreEqual() method to check if two values are equal.
xUnit uses the Assert.Equal() method for this purpose.
MSTest also uses the Assert.AreEqual() method for equality checks.
Aspect
NUnit
xUnit
MSTest
Exception Testing
Assert.Throws<ExceptionType>(method)
Assert.Throws<ExceptionType>(method)
Assert.ThrowsException<ExceptionType>(method)
Ignore Test
[Ignore(“reason”)]
[Fact(Skip=”reason”)]
[Ignore] with a comment for the reason
Test Order
NUnit supports ordering of tests with the [Order] attribute.
xUnit doesn’t support ordering and believes that each test should be independent.
MSTest does not support ordering tests.
Parallel Execution
NUnit supports parallel test execution through [Parallelizable] attribute.
xUnit supports running tests in parallel and does so by default.
MSTest supports parallel execution with the [AssemblyInitialize] attribute and assembly-level parallelize settings.
Data Driven Tests
NUnit uses [TestCase], [TestCaseSource] or [Theory] attributes.
xUnit uses [Theory] and [InlineData], [MemberData], or [ClassData] attributes.
MSTest uses the [DataTestMethod] and [DataRow] attributes.
Collection Assertions
NUnit has assertions specifically for collections like Assert.All, Assert.Contains, Assert.IsEmpty etc.
xUnit supports collection assert through the Assert.Collection method.
MSTest does not have built-in special collection assertions, you’d need to use the regular Assert methods or use a library like FluentAssertions.
Platform
NUnit runs on .NET and Mono platforms
xUnit runs on .NET and .NET Core
MSTest runs on .NET and .NET Core
These differences reflect the unique philosophies and designs of each framework, impacting how you write and structure your tests. Knowing these differences is crucial to making an informed decision about which framework is the best fit for your project.
Discussion on When to Use Which Framework
NUnit is a mature framework with extensive community support. It’s flexible and offers a wide range of attributes for various testing scenarios. NUnit is great when you want to take advantage of its advanced features, like parameterized and data-driven tests, and you don’t mind installing an extra NuGet package to integrate with Visual Studio.
XUnit, on the other hand, promotes a slightly different philosophy that focuses on test isolation and extensibility. XUnit is a good choice when you have more complex testing scenarios that require more control over the testing process. It’s also an excellent choice if you value test isolation and don’t mind the slightly different approach it takes to writing tests.
MSTest is the go-to solution if you value seamless integration with Visual Studio and Microsoft tools. If your project doesn’t require complex testing scenarios, MSTest provides an easy-to-use, out-of-the-box solution that requires little to no setup.
Scenario-Based Analysis
For simple, straightforward unit tests without much configuration or customization needed, MSTest is the simplest choice, thanks to its integration with Visual Studio.
For projects that are open source or have contributors who use a variety of IDEs, NUnit or xUnit would be more appropriate as they’re not tied to a specific IDE.
For projects that require complex data-driven tests, NUnit’s rich set of features for parameterized tests makes it the most suitable choice.
Conclusion: Selecting the Right Framework
Choosing the right testing framework is not a one-size-fits-all solution; it’s a matter of finding what fits your project’s requirements and your team’s experience and preferences.
NUnit, XUnit, and MSTest all offer unique features and methodologies for unit testing, and understanding these differences is key to selecting the most appropriate framework. NUnit is robust, flexible and feature-rich, making it suitable for complex testing needs.
XUnit’s focus on test isolation and extensibility makes it a potent tool for more complex scenarios, while MSTest’s seamless integration with Visual Studio makes it a comfortable choice for developers working within the Microsoft ecosystem.
Ultimately, the best testing framework is the one that your team will use effectively. Consider your team’s familiarity with the framework, the requirements of your project, and the support and resources available for each option. Always remember that the goal is to create reliable, maintainable tests that help ensure the quality of your software. | pcloudy_ssts | |
1,889,640 | Networking: Let's Connect Nodes | Networking is the art of linking devices to share valuable resources. Networks span from local (LANs)... | 0 | 2024-06-15T15:22:59 | https://dev.to/r4jv33r/networking-lets-connect-nodes-3mo4 | cschallenge, computerscience, networking, beginners | Networking is the art of linking devices to share valuable resources. Networks span from local (LANs) to global (WANs, like the Internet), employing protocols (TCP, UDP) and adhering to the OSI model's seven-layer framework for seamless communication. It may be wired or wireless. | r4jv33r |
1,889,628 | The Unsung Heroes - Why Runbooks are Crucial for Effective Incident Response | In the fast-paced world of software engineering, where applications are the lifeblood of modern... | 0 | 2024-06-15T15:17:30 | https://dev.to/moniv9/the-unsung-heroes-why-runbooks-are-crucial-for-effective-incident-response-13j9 | webdev, runbook, incidentmangement, devops | In the fast-paced world of software engineering, where applications are the lifeblood of modern businesses, the ability to respond swiftly and effectively to incidents is paramount. Enter the humble yet powerful runbook - the unsung hero that can make all the difference in mitigating the impact of system failures and ensuring business continuity.
Runbooks are detailed, step-by-step guides that outline the necessary actions to be taken in the event of a specific incident or problem. They serve as a crucial resource for incident response teams, providing a structured and standardized approach to troubleshooting and resolving issues. Here’s why runbooks are so important:
- Consistency and Efficiency: Runbooks ensure that incident response is consistent, regardless of who is handling the issue. This promotes efficiency, as team members can quickly refer to the documented steps and avoid the need to reinvent the wheel during a crisis.
- Reduced Downtime: By having a well-documented and tested runbook, teams can respond to incidents more quickly, minimizing the impact on the business and reducing costly downtime.
- Knowledge Retention: Runbooks serve as a repository of institutional knowledge, preserving the expertise and learnings of experienced team members and making it accessible to the entire organization.
- Continuous Improvement: Runbooks can be regularly reviewed and updated, allowing teams to incorporate lessons learned and continuously improve their incident response processes.
In the fast-paced world of software engineering, where applications are the lifeblood of modern businesses, the ability to respond swiftly and effectively to incidents is paramount. Runbooks are the unsung heroes that can make all the difference in mitigating the impact of system failures and ensuring business continuity.
**Runbook creator**
https://getworktools.com/products/runbook-creator
| moniv9 |
1,889,626 | Understanding Big O Notation with a Library Analogy | This is a submission for DEV Computer Science Challenge v24.06.12: One Byte Explainer. ... | 0 | 2024-06-15T15:10:03 | https://dev.to/utcresta_mishra_dc97c50fa/understanding-big-o-notation-with-a-library-analogy-2kid | devchallenge, cschallenge, computerscience, beginners | *This is a submission for [DEV Computer Science Challenge v24.06.12: One Byte Explainer](https://dev.to/challenges/cs).*
## Explainer
Big O notation measures algorithm efficiency relative to input size. Imagine a library where books represent data and tasks represent algorithms.
O(1) - Constant Time: Instantly finding a book by its ID, regardless of library size.
O(log n) - Logarithmic Time: Using binary search to find a book in a sorted list, halving the search space each step.
O(n) - Linear Time: Checking each book to see if it’s borrowed. Time increases linearly with book count.
O(n log n) - Linearithmic Time: Sorting books by title using mergesort. Time grows slightly faster than linearly.
O(n²) - Quadratic Time: Comparing every book pair to find duplicates. Time grows with the square of the book count.
O(2^n) - Exponential Time: Creating all possible book reading lists. Time doubles with each additional book.
O(n!) - Factorial Time: Arranging books in every possible order. Time grows extremely fast, impractical for large libraries.
Importance and Insights:
Choosing Efficient Algorithms: Select the best algorithms for large datasets.
Performance Optimization: Identify and improve slow algorithms.
Predicting Scalability: Ensure algorithms handle growing data smoothly.
Big O notation ensures scalable, efficient software solutions.
## Additional Context
Creative Insight: Think of library tasks — instantly finding a labeled book (O(1)), narrowing options (O(log n)), checking books in sequence (O(n)), sorting efficiently (O(n log n)), comparing pairs (O(n²)), exploring combinations (O(2^n)), and arranging in all sequences (O(n!)). | utcresta_mishra_dc97c50fa |
1,889,623 | Empowering Seniors with Technology at Smart Seniors Tech | In today's rapidly evolving technological landscape, seniors often find themselves left behind. Smart... | 0 | 2024-06-15T15:08:29 | https://dev.to/smartseniorstech/empowering-seniors-with-technology-at-smart-seniors-tech-4nab | seniorstech, smartseniorstech, seniorlivingtechnology, seniorcaretechnology | In today's rapidly evolving technological landscape, seniors often find themselves left behind. Smart Seniors Tech bridges this gap by providing a comprehensive resource center dedicated to empowering elderly individuals with the tools they need to navigate the digital world with confidence.
Their website offers a wealth of informative articles and guides on a variety of senior-friendly technologies. [Ambient intelligence systems for seniors](https://smartseniorstech.com/benefits-of-ambient-intelligence-systems-for-seniors/), for example, are a growing trend that can significantly improve a senior's quality of life. These intelligent systems seamlessly integrate into everyday living spaces, automating tasks and providing real-time assistance. [Smart Seniors Tech](https://smartseniorstech.com/) explores the benefits of these systems, explaining how they can help with daily routines, from medication reminders to temperature control.
Safety is a top concern for seniors and their loved ones. Smart Seniors Tech addresses this by showcasing various technological solutions that promote security and well-being. From wearable medical alert devices to home monitoring systems, they offer insightful information on how these gadgets can provide peace of mind and enable seniors to live more independently.
The website also recognizes the importance of social connections for seniors. They explore communication tools such as video conferencing platforms and social media apps, demonstrating how [senior living technology](https://smartseniorstech.com/living-technology-101-for-seniors/) can bridge the distance and help seniors stay connected with loved ones.
Smart Seniors Tech goes beyond just promoting specific products. They provide valuable tips for choosing appropriate technologies for individual needs and preferences. Additionally, they address common concerns seniors may have about using technology, offering clear and concise instructions to help them overcome any hurdles.
With its commitment to empowering seniors through technology, Smart Seniors Tech serves as a valuable resource for elderly individuals and their families alike. By fostering a deeper understanding of the available technological solutions, they pave the way for a more secure, independent, and fulfilling life for seniors. | smartseniorstech |
1,889,622 | Automating the Cloud: IaC with AWS CloudFormation and Terraform | Automating the Cloud: IaC with AWS CloudFormation and Terraform Modern software... | 0 | 2024-06-15T15:05:53 | https://dev.to/virajlakshitha/automating-the-cloud-iac-with-aws-cloudformation-and-terraform-1oli | 
# Automating the Cloud: IaC with AWS CloudFormation and Terraform
Modern software development demands speed, agility, and reliability. Manually provisioning and managing infrastructure simply can't keep up. Enter Infrastructure as Code (IaC), a transformative approach that allows you to define, deploy, and manage your infrastructure using code. This blog post delves into IaC, focusing on two prominent tools within the AWS ecosystem: CloudFormation and Terraform.
### Understanding Infrastructure as Code (IaC)
At its core, IaC treats infrastructure configurations like software. Instead of manually clicking through consoles or running scripts, you describe your desired state declaratively or imperatively using code. This code, often version-controlled, becomes a single source of truth for your infrastructure, enabling:
* **Consistency:** Eliminate configuration drift by ensuring environments are provisioned identically, every time.
* **Automation:** Streamline deployments, reduce human error, and accelerate provisioning times.
* **Scalability:** Easily scale your infrastructure up or down based on demand, all managed through code.
* **Reusability:** Create reusable infrastructure modules that can be shared and leveraged across projects.
### AWS CloudFormation: Native Infrastructure Orchestration
AWS CloudFormation is a fully managed service that enables you to model and provision AWS resources using templates written in JSON or YAML. These templates provide a declarative description of your infrastructure, including:
* **Resources:** The AWS services you want to deploy (e.g., EC2 instances, S3 buckets, VPCs).
* **Properties:** Configuration settings for each resource (e.g., instance type, storage size, security groups).
* **Outputs:** Values returned by CloudFormation after deployment (e.g., IP addresses, DNS names).
**Use Cases for CloudFormation**
1. **Web Application Deployment:** Deploy a scalable web application on EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB) with auto-scaling to handle traffic spikes. CloudFormation can orchestrate the creation of all necessary components, including EC2 instances, security groups, load balancers, and auto-scaling policies.
2. **Serverless Architecture:** Define and deploy Lambda functions, API Gateway endpoints, and DynamoDB tables for a serverless architecture. CloudFormation streamlines the process by automatically managing dependencies and ensuring resources are provisioned in the correct order.
3. **CI/CD Integration:** Integrate CloudFormation templates into your CI/CD pipeline to automate infrastructure updates with each code deployment. This enables seamless infrastructure changes alongside application updates, reducing the risk of errors and ensuring consistent environments.
4. **Disaster Recovery:** Create CloudFormation templates to replicate your infrastructure in another Availability Zone or Region for disaster recovery purposes. In the event of an outage, you can quickly spin up a new environment using the pre-defined template.
5. **Multi-Account Environments:** Utilize CloudFormation StackSets to deploy and manage infrastructure across multiple AWS accounts, simplifying governance and ensuring consistent configuration across your organization.
### Terraform: Infrastructure Management Across Clouds
Terraform, developed by HashiCorp, is an open-source IaC tool known for its platform-agnostic nature. It allows you to define infrastructure for various cloud providers, including AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud, using a consistent and declarative syntax based on the HashiCorp Configuration Language (HCL).
**Use Cases for Terraform**
1. **Hybrid Cloud Deployments:** Manage infrastructure spanning multiple cloud providers using a single Terraform configuration. This unified approach simplifies management and enables consistent infrastructure provisioning across different environments.
2. **Multi-Region Applications:** Deploy geographically redundant applications by replicating infrastructure across multiple AWS regions. Terraform's module system promotes code reuse, making it easier to manage complex deployments across regions.
3. **Blue/Green Deployments:** Create and manage infrastructure for blue/green deployment strategies, allowing you to test new application versions in a production-like environment before routing traffic.
4. **Automated Infrastructure Testing:** Integrate Terraform with testing frameworks to automate infrastructure testing, ensuring changes are validated before deployment and minimizing the risk of production issues.
5. **Policy Enforcement:** Enforce infrastructure policies using Terraform's validation features and external modules. This ensures compliance with organizational standards and best practices for security, tagging, and resource utilization.
### Choosing the Right Tool
* **CloudFormation:** Ideal for AWS-centric deployments where you need deep integration with AWS services and prefer a managed service experience.
* **Terraform:** Suited for multi-cloud or hybrid cloud environments where platform independence and a broader ecosystem of integrations are priorities.
### Conclusion
Infrastructure as Code is no longer optional for modern software development. Both AWS CloudFormation and Terraform offer powerful capabilities to automate and manage your cloud infrastructure effectively. Selecting the right tool depends on your specific needs, but embracing IaC principles will undoubtedly enhance your development workflows, reduce errors, and improve the reliability of your infrastructure.
***
**(As a software architect and AWS solution architect) Advanced Use Case: Building a Continuous Deployment Pipeline with AWS CodePipeline, CloudFormation, and Terraform**
Imagine a scenario where you need to deploy a complex microservices application on AWS, spanning multiple accounts and regions, while adhering to stringent security and compliance requirements. Here's how you can combine the power of CodePipeline, CloudFormation, and Terraform to create a robust and automated continuous deployment pipeline:
1. **Code Repository:** Store your application code, CloudFormation templates (for AWS-specific resources), and Terraform configurations (for multi-cloud or higher-level abstractions) in a version-controlled repository like AWS CodeCommit or GitHub.
2. **CodePipeline Orchestration:** Utilize AWS CodePipeline to define the stages of your deployment pipeline, including source code retrieval, build processes, infrastructure provisioning, and application deployment.
3. **CloudFormation for AWS Resources:** Employ CloudFormation templates to provision AWS resources specific to your application, such as ECS clusters, ECR repositories, IAM roles, and security groups. These templates can be triggered as a CodePipeline stage.
4. **Terraform for Cross-Cloud Orchestration:** Leverage Terraform to manage infrastructure components that might span multiple cloud providers or require a higher level of abstraction. For example, use Terraform to manage DNS records, provision load balancers in a multi-cloud environment, or interact with third-party services.
5. **Modularization and Reusability:** Break down your infrastructure and application code into reusable modules that can be independently managed and deployed. This modular approach improves code maintainability, reduces duplication, and simplifies complex deployments.
6. **Security and Compliance:** Integrate security and compliance checks throughout your pipeline. Utilize AWS CloudFormation Guard or similar tools to validate infrastructure configurations against defined policies before deployment. Employ tools like AWS Config and Security Hub to continuously monitor and enforce compliance.
7. **Monitoring and Logging:** Implement robust monitoring and logging for both your infrastructure and applications. Leverage services like Amazon CloudWatch, AWS X-Ray, and centralized logging solutions to gain insights into application performance, infrastructure health, and security events.
This sophisticated approach empowers you to achieve fully automated and secure deployments, enabling rapid iteration and ensuring your infrastructure remains consistent, scalable, and resilient.
| virajlakshitha | |
1,889,621 | I made my own JSON Parser | ✏️Preface I was always interested in how programming languages worked. To be specific, how... | 0 | 2024-06-15T15:04:57 | https://dev.to/hetarth02/i-made-my-own-json-parser-4902 | javascript, webdev, beginners, tutorial | ### ✏️Preface
I was always interested in how programming languages worked. To be specific, how what we write in a human readable way is interpreted my the machine. I did have an bird's eye view of what would happen, but it was and still kind of is like black magic to me. So, now I have decided to learn these magic verses and this is my first step towards it.
### ℹ️First Steps
To not overwhelm myself, I wanted to start with something easy and which is used almost everyday. This way, I will be able to understand, solve it and actually have motivation to move forward rather than just learning amidst the hype is going on in my mind and then when it shimmers down I would eventually drop it.
So, I decided to write a JSON parser.
The goal was simple:
* Input a string
* Output should be `JSON` or `Error` (depending on the input)
I wanted to start with golang but eventually chose to go with javascript, the reason being simply that I do not wanted to divide my focus on learning many things at once. Hence, javascript it is.
### ⚠️I had no idea
Well, at first I tried doing it myself without having any idea of how to do. Pretty quickly, I was deep into for loops and regex territory. My intention was never to be able to solve this on my own but to actually learn where and what things I get stuck on. This way, when I actually refer something I can make a bridge from my thoughts and what the actual logic is.
After struggling for a while I started to notice what problems needed to be solved.
1. I needed some way to proper differentiate different kinds of words/symbols/values.
2. After differentiating them, I needed to validate each of them and put them back together.
### 👾Wow, this is interesting as hell!
Ok, now I had a basic understanding of what I needed to do and my mind was warmed up enough. Alright, let's start digging up the internet. After a while, I stumbled upon an article from [Oz](https://ogzhanolguncu.com/) named [**Write Your Own JSON Parser with Node and Typescript**](https://ogzhanolguncu.com/blog/write-your-own-json-parser/)**.**
This article does a fantastic job to decode the logic in a very step by step manner. I encourage you to give this one a read.
So basically, we need a `tokenizer` and `parser` . Tokenizer will identify the different types of token. Hey, this solves one of my problems. Ok, so rather than using different terms like words, symbols, characters we call them tokens. Seeing an example `json` there are many different kinds of tokens which we need to identify.
```json
{
"id": "647ceaf3657eade56f8224eb",
"index": 0,
"something": [],
"boolean": true,
"nullValue": null
}
```
There is `{` (Open Brace), `}` (Close Brace), `[` (Open Bracket), `]` (Close Bracket), strings like `"id"` , `:` colon, `,` commas and much more.
Alright, now if we were to tokenize this we should have information for basically two things,
1. Type of Token
2. Value of Token
We would store this array of tokens and then feed this to the parser which will then take it forward. So our end result should look something like this,
```javascript
[
{ type: "BraceOpen", value: "{" },
{ type: "String", value: "id" },
{ type: "Colon", value: ":" },
{ type: "String", value: "647ceaf3657eade56f8224eb" },
{ type: "Comma", value: "," },
{ type: "String", value: "index" },
{ type: "Colon", value: ":" },
{ type: "Number", value: "0" },
{ type: "Comma", value: "," },
{ type: "String", value: "something" },
{ type: "Colon", value: ":" },
{ type: "BracketOpen", value: "[" },
{ type: "BracketClose", value: "]" },
{ type: "Comma", value: "," },
{ type: "String", value: "boolean" },
{ type: "Colon", value: ":" },
{ type: "True", value: "true" },
{ type: "Comma", value: "," },
{ type: "String", value: "nullValue" },
{ type: "Colon", value: ":" },
{ type: "Null", value: "null" },
{ type: "BraceClose", value: "}" },
];
```
### 🏷️Tokenizing
We will make a function named tokenizer which will take a string as an input and give us an array of token objects. We will iterate the string character by character and classify it based on some logic.
Oz's article does a very nice job of explaining the logic for token classification. However, it still skips out on somethings. The main fun which I had in making this was tackling the issues which the article didn't handled.
But let's start with the basics here, first we need a variable to track our position in the string and an array to store different token objects.
```javascript
/**
* JSON Tokenizer
*
* @param { String } string
* @returns { any[] }
*/
function tokenizer(string) {
let current = 0;
const tokens = [];
while (current < string.length) {
let char = string[current];
current++;
}
return tokens;
}
```
Now we will add some basic conditions to extract of tokens like `{` , `}`, etc.
```javascript
/**
* JSON Tokenizer
*
* @param { String } string
* @returns { any[] }
*/
function tokenizer(string) {
let current = 0;
const tokens = [];
while (current < string.length) {
let char = string[current];
if (char === "{") {
tokens.push({ type: "BraceOpen", value: char });
current++;
continue;
}
if (char === "}") {
tokens.push({ type: "BraceClose", value: char });
current++;
continue;
}
if (char === "[") {
tokens.push({ type: "BracketOpen", value: char });
current++;
continue;
}
if (char === "]") {
tokens.push({ type: "BracketClose", value: char });
current++;
continue;
}
if (char === ":") {
tokens.push({ type: "Colon", value: char });
current++;
continue;
}
if (char === ",") {
tokens.push({ type: "Comma", value: char });
current++;
continue;
}
// If it whitespace, ignore it.
if (/\s/.test(char)) {
current++;
continue;
}
// For all other characters throw error
throw new Error("Unexpected character: " + char);
}
return tokens;
}
```
All right, let's now tackle the trickiest things. Strings, Numbers, Boolean and Null values.
Let's start with `Strings`. So, in `json` each string starts and ends with `"` . This is the key part in our logic. When we encounter a `"` , we then start iteraing and storing all the values after it until we encounter another `"` . Then we store that as a value and increment our current position in the string.
```javascript
if (char === '"') {
let value = "";
char = string[++current];
while (char !== '"') {
value += char;
char = string[++current];
}
current++;
tokens.push({ type: "String", value: value });
continue;
}
```
For `Boolean` and `Null` values the logic is almost the same, just the condition for entering and breaking the loop is different.
```javascript
// Test if it starts with a character
if (/[a-zA-z]/.test(char)) {
let value = "";
// Loop until it is not a character
while (/[a-zA-Z]/.test(char)) {
value += char;
char = string[++current];
}
if (value === "true") {
tokens.push({ type: "True", value });
} else if (value === "false") {
tokens.push({ type: "False", value });
} else if (value === "null") {
tokens.push({ type: "Null", value });
} else {
throw new Error("Unexpected value: " + value);
}
continue;
}
```
Now, for the last type `Number` . This is was the most fun part for me because the article which I was referring only dealt with `Int` numbers, if I tried a `Float` , or `-ve` number it didn't work. For recognizing something as a number there are some rules in `json` .
![](https://cdn.hashnode.com/res/hashnode/image/upload/v1718457504667/ac814601-1b6b-4828-9ad3-ebe8fac4217e.png align="center")
Basically, `69`, `-69` , `6.9` , `-6.9` , `6e9` , `-6e9` , `6.e9` , `-6.e9` are all valid numbers. We will first see if the current character is `-` or a number. If it is then we will again repeat the same thing as we did for strings, boolean and null. We will start capturing the value, unless it is not a digit, not an `e` , `-` , `.` , `+` . But I hear you say, would this be wrong, this could parse `1.1.1` as number. You are right! So we will then add a check if it truly is a `Number` or not.
```javascript
if (char === "-" || /\d/.test(char)) {
let value = "";
while (
char === "+" ||
char === "-" ||
char === "e" ||
char === "." ||
/\d/.test(char)
) {
value += char;
char = string[++current];
}
if (isNumber(value)) {
tokens.push({ type: "Number", value });
} else {
throw new Error("Unexpected value: " + value);
}
continue;
}
/**
* Checks for Number
*
* @param { String } value
* @returns { Boolean }
*/
function isNumber(value) {
return !isNaN(Number(value));
}
```
The final version of tokenizer function looks like this.
```javascript
/**
* Checks for Number
*
* @param { String } value
* @returns { Boolean }
*/
function isNumber(value) {
return !isNaN(Number(value));
}
/**
* JSON Tokenizer
*
* @param { String } string
* @returns { any[] }
*/
function tokenizer(string) {
let current = 0;
const tokens = [];
while (current < string.length) {
let char = string[current];
if (char === "{") {
tokens.push({ type: "BraceOpen", value: char });
current++;
continue;
}
if (char === "}") {
tokens.push({ type: "BraceClose", value: char });
current++;
continue;
}
if (char === "[") {
tokens.push({ type: "BracketOpen", value: char });
current++;
continue;
}
if (char === "]") {
tokens.push({ type: "BracketClose", value: char });
current++;
continue;
}
if (char === ":") {
tokens.push({ type: "Colon", value: char });
current++;
continue;
}
if (char === ",") {
tokens.push({ type: "Comma", value: char });
current++;
continue;
}
if (char === '"') {
let value = "";
char = string[++current];
while (char !== '"') {
value += char;
char = string[++current];
}
current++;
tokens.push({ type: "String", value: value });
continue;
}
if (char === "-" || /\d/.test(char)) {
let value = "";
while (
char === "+" ||
char === "-" ||
char === "e" ||
char === "." ||
/\d/.test(char)
) {
value += char;
char = string[++current];
}
if (isNumber(value)) {
tokens.push({ type: "Number", value });
} else {
throw new Error("Unexpected value: " + value);
}
continue;
}
if (/[a-zA-z]/.test(char)) {
let value = "";
while (/[a-zA-Z]/.test(char)) {
value += char;
char = string[++current];
}
if (value === "true") {
tokens.push({ type: "True", value });
} else if (value === "false") {
tokens.push({ type: "False", value });
} else if (value === "null") {
tokens.push({ type: "Null", value });
} else {
throw new Error("Unexpected value: " + value);
}
continue;
}
if (/\s/.test(char)) {
current++;
continue;
}
throw new Error("Unexpected character: " + char);
}
return tokens;
}
```
### 🖨️Parsing
> The parser is where we make sense out of our tokens. Now we have to build our Abstract Syntax Tree (AST). The AST represents the structure and meaning of the code in a hierarchical tree-like structure. It captures the relationships between different elements of the code, such as statements, expressions, and declarations.
>
> Every language or format you can think of uses some form of AST based on grammar rules of the programming language or data format being parsed.
Alright, so we will code for both things, to output the AST representation from the tokens and also an actual `json` object.
The logic again is kinda similar, we will iterate through the tokens and map it based on their type one by one.
```javascript
/**
* Parser + AST for tokens
*
* @param { any[] } tokens
* @returns { any }
*/
function parser(tokens) {
if (!tokens.length) {
throw new Error("Nothing to parse. Exiting!");
}
let current = 0;
function advance() {
return tokens[++current];
}
function parseValue() {
const token = tokens[current];
// Gives ASTNode
switch (token.type) {
case "String":
return { type: "String", value: token.value };
case "Number":
return { type: "Number", value: Number(token.value) };
case "True":
return { type: "Boolean", value: true };
case "False":
return { type: "Boolean", value: false };
case "Null":
return { type: "Null" };
case "BraceOpen":
return parseObject(); // To be implemented
case "BracketOpen":
return parseArray(); // To be implemented
default:
throw new Error(`Unexpected token type: ${token.type}`);
}
}
return parseValue();
}
```
Alright, but whenever we see `{` or `[` we need to handle the nested objects and arrays recursively which means calling `parseValue()` again from `parseObject()` and `parseArray()` .
```javascript
function parseObject() {
const node = { type: "Object", value: {} };
let token = advance();
// Iterate through the tokens until we reach a BraceClose '}'
while (token.type !== "BraceClose") {
if (token.type === "String") {
const key = token.value;
token = advance();
if (token.type !== "Colon") {
throw new Error("Expected : in key-value pair");
}
token = advance(); // Skip ':'
const value = parseValue(); // Recursively parse the value
node.value[key] = value;
} else {
throw new Error(`Unexpected key. Token type: ${token.type}`);
}
token = advance(); // Increment one step
if (token.type === "Comma") token = advance(); // Skip ','
}
// Gives ASTNode
return node;
}
function parseArray() {
const node = { type: "Array", value: [] };
let token = advance(); // Skip '['
while (token.type !== "BracketClose") {
const value = parseValue();
node.value.push(value);
token = advance(); // Increment one step
if (token.type === "Comma") token = advance(); // Skip ','
}
// Gives ASTNode
return node;
}
```
Now our parser is ready, here is what the final implementation looks like.
```javascript
/**
* Checks for Number
*
* @param { String } value
* @returns { Boolean }
*/
function isNumber(value) {
return !isNaN(Number(value));
}
/**
* JSON Tokenizer
*
* @param { String } string
* @returns { any[] }
*/
function tokenizer(string) {
let current = 0;
const tokens = [];
while (current < string.length) {
let char = string[current];
if (char === "{") {
tokens.push({ type: "BraceOpen", value: char });
current++;
continue;
}
if (char === "}") {
tokens.push({ type: "BraceClose", value: char });
current++;
continue;
}
if (char === "[") {
tokens.push({ type: "BracketOpen", value: char });
current++;
continue;
}
if (char === "]") {
tokens.push({ type: "BracketClose", value: char });
current++;
continue;
}
if (char === ":") {
tokens.push({ type: "Colon", value: char });
current++;
continue;
}
if (char === ",") {
tokens.push({ type: "Comma", value: char });
current++;
continue;
}
if (char === '"') {
let value = "";
char = string[++current];
while (char !== '"') {
value += char;
char = string[++current];
}
current++;
tokens.push({ type: "String", value: value });
continue;
}
if (char === "-" || /\d/.test(char)) {
let value = "";
while (
char === "+" ||
char === "-" ||
char === "e" ||
char === "." ||
/\d/.test(char)
) {
value += char;
char = string[++current];
}
if (isNumber(value)) {
tokens.push({ type: "Number", value });
} else {
throw new Error("Unexpected value: " + value);
}
continue;
}
if (/[a-zA-z]/.test(char)) {
let value = "";
while (/[a-zA-Z]/.test(char)) {
value += char;
char = string[++current];
}
if (value === "true") {
tokens.push({ type: "True", value });
} else if (value === "false") {
tokens.push({ type: "False", value });
} else if (value === "null") {
tokens.push({ type: "Null", value });
} else {
throw new Error("Unexpected value: " + value);
}
continue;
}
if (/\s/.test(char)) {
current++;
continue;
}
throw new Error("Unexpected character: " + char);
}
return tokens;
}
/**
* Parser + AST for tokens
*
* @param { any[] } tokens
* @returns { any }
*/
function parser(tokens) {
if (!tokens.length) {
throw new Error("Nothing to parse. Exiting!");
}
let current = 0;
function advance() {
return tokens[++current];
}
function parseValue() {
const token = tokens[current];
// Gives ASTNode
// switch (token.type) {
// case "String":
// return { type: "String", value: token.value };
// case "Number":
// return { type: "Number", value: Number(token.value) };
// case "True":
// return { type: "Boolean", value: true };
// case "False":
// return { type: "Boolean", value: false };
// case "Null":
// return { type: "Null" };
// case "BraceOpen":
// return parseObject();
// case "BracketOpen":
// return parseArray();
// default:
// throw new Error(`Unexpected token type: ${token.type}`);
// }
// Gives value
switch (token.type) {
case "String":
return token.value;
case "Number":
return Number(token.value);
case "True":
return true;
case "False":
return false;
case "Null":
return null;
case "BraceOpen":
return parseObject();
case "BracketOpen":
return parseArray();
default:
throw new Error(`Unexpected token type: ${token.type}`);
}
}
function parseObject() {
const node = { type: "Object", value: {} };
let token = advance();
while (token.type !== "BraceClose") {
if (token.type === "String") {
const key = token.value;
token = advance();
if (token.type !== "Colon") {
throw new Error("Expected : in key-value pair");
}
token = advance();
const value = parseValue();
node.value[key] = value;
} else {
throw new Error(`Expected String key in object. Token type: ${token.type}`);
}
token = advance();
if (token.type === "Comma") token = advance();
}
// Gives ASTNode
// return node;
// Gives Value
return node.value;
}
function parseArray() {
const node = { type: "Array", value: [] };
let token = advance();
while (token.type !== "BracketClose") {
const value = parseValue();
node.value.push(value);
token = advance();
if (token.type === "Comma") token = advance();
}
// Gives ASTNode
// return node;
// Gives Value
return node.value;
}
return parseValue();
}
let output = parser(
tokenizer(
JSON.stringify({
products: [
{
id: 1,
title: "Essence Mascara Lash Princess",
category: "beauty",
price: 9.99,
discountPercentage: 7.17,
rating: 4.94,
stock: 5,
tags: ["beauty", "mascara"],
brand: "Essence",
sku: "RCH45Q1A",
weight: 2,
dimensions: {
width: 23.17,
height: 14.43,
depth: 28.01,
},
warrantyInformation: "1 month warranty",
shippingInformation: "Ships in 1 month",
availabilityStatus: "Low Stock",
reviews: [
{
rating: 5,
comment: "Very satisfied!",
date: "2024-05-23T08:56:21.618Z",
reviewerName: "Scarlett Wright",
reviewerEmail: "scarlett.wright@x.dummyjson.com",
},
],
returnPolicy: "30 days return policy",
minimumOrderQuantity: 24,
meta: {
createdAt: "2024-05-23T08:56:21.618Z",
updatedAt: "2024-05-23T08:56:21.618Z",
barcode: "9164035109868",
qrCode: "https://dummyjson.com/public/qr-code.png",
},
images: [
"https://cdn.dummyjson.com/products/images/beauty/Essence%20Mascara%20Lash%20Princess/1.png",
],
thumbnail:
"https://cdn.dummyjson.com/products/images/beauty/Essence%20Mascara%20Lash%20Princess/thumbnail.png",
},
],
total: 194,
skip: 0,
limit: 30,
})
)
);
console.log(JSON.stringify(output, "", 2));
```
### 🔭Conclusion
This wasn't even that time consuming and I really learned some useful concepts in during this. Now, since I have a understanding how this works; I can take up any new language which I want to learn and implement this as a proof of concept in it.
---
If you’d like to know more about my journey, please feel free to reach out or follow me!
Github: [**Hetarth02**](https://github.com/Hetarth02)
LinkedIn: [**Hetarth Shah**](https://www.linkedin.com/in/hetarth-shah-1ab392220)
Website: [**Portfolio**](https://hetarth02.github.io/)
💖Thank you for joining me on this journey, and look forward to more interesting articles!
#### **Credits:**
Cover Image from, [Image Source](https://www.crio.do/blog/what-is-json/).
Article Images from, [json.org](https://www.json.org/json-en.html).
References:
* [**Write Your Own JSON Parser with Node and Typescript**](https://ogzhanolguncu.com/blog/write-your-own-json-parser/) | hetarth02 |
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1,889,618 | Azure Fundamentals: Understanding Microsoft's Cloud Platform | In this digital era where flexibility, scalability, and efficiency are paramount, Microsoft Azure... | 27,735 | 2024-06-15T14:59:51 | https://dev.to/prakash_rao/azure-fundamentals-understanding-microsofts-cloud-platform-86o | azure, cloud, devops, beginners |
In this digital era where flexibility, scalability, and efficiency are paramount, Microsoft Azure emerges as one of the cornerstones of cloud solutions besides AWS and GCP. This blog post is designed as a primer to introduce beginners to Microsoft Azure, a powerful cloud computing platform with an ever-growing arsenal of features to propel businesses into the future. Whether you're an IT professional, a business owner, or a curious learner, understanding Azure is crucial to navigating the complexities of modern technology.
**What is Azure?**
Microsoft Azure is a public cloud computing platform with solutions including Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS) that can be used for services such as analytics, virtual computing, storage, networking, and much more. It has a wide array of tools and services designed to meet the needs of businesses of all sizes, providing the building blocks to deploy applications and infrastructure at scale.
**The Evolution of Azure**
Azure was announced in October 2008 and released on February 1, 2010, as "Windows Azure" before being rebranded to "Microsoft Azure" on March 25, 2014. Since its inception, Azure has shown rapid growth and now holds a strong position in the cloud industry, competing with other giants like Amazon Web Services (AWS) and Google Cloud Platform (GCP).
## Core Components of Azure:
Some of the frequently used Azure services are listed and their functionalities.
## Compute
**1. Azure Virtual Machines:** Deploy and manage VMs inside a flexible and scalable cloud environment. Ideal for running applications on the cloud.
**2. Azure App Services:** Quickly create powerful cloud apps for web and mobile using a fully managed platform.
**3. Azure Functions:** Run event-triggered code without having to explicitly provision or manage infrastructure, enabling more focus on business logic and less on server maintenance.
## Storage
**1. Azure Blob Storage:** Store vast amounts of unstructured data, such as text or binary data, with this highly scalable and cost-effective cloud storage service.
**2. Azure File Storage:** Leverage fully managed file shares in the cloud accessible via the industry-standard SMB protocol.
**3. Azure Queue Storage:** Address large-volume workloads, process and queue messages between web and worker roles.
## Databases
**1. Azure SQL Database:** Utilize a general-purpose relational database managed service that supports structures such as relational data, JSON, spatial, and XML.
**2. Azure Cosmos DB:** Access a globally distributed, multi-model database service for any scale of business with turnkey global distribution across any number of Azure's geographic regions.
##Networking
**1. Azure Virtual Network:** Create your own private space in the Azure cloud, where you can run many of the services that Azure offers, isolated and secure.
**2. Azure ExpressRoute:** Extend your on-premises networks into the Microsoft cloud over a private connection with the help of a connectivity provider.
**3. Azure DNS:** Manage your DNS records using the same credentials, billing, and support contract as your other Azure services.
## Benefits of Azure
**1. Scalability and Flexibility:** Azure's scalability means it can cater to the demands of your business as it grows. With a pay-as-you-go pricing model, you only pay for what you use.
**2. Integrated Environment:** Seamless integration with other Microsoft tools and software provides a familiar environment for Windows users, enhancing productivity and reducing learning curves.
**3. Security and Compliance:** Azure is known for its commitment to security, boasting more compliance certifications than any other cloud provider.
**4. Hybrid Capabilities:** Azure offers a true hybrid cloud solution, allowing you to maintain sensitive data on-premises while leveraging the cloud's power for additional resources and scalability.
## Getting Started with Azure
1. Sign up for a free Azure account to start exploring its services. You'll get access to popular services for free for 12 months, plus a limited monthly amount of free services.
2. Once your account is set up, log in to the Azure Portal, a user-friendly interface where you can manage your services like the ones listed above, view your billing, and get support.
3. Experiment with creating your first virtual machine or set up a web app using Azure App Services to get hands-on experience with the platform.
4. To further your Azure education, take advantage of Microsoft's extensive documentation, online courses, and certifications. Start with Azure Fundamentals and build up the portfolio through until expert certifications.
## Conclusion
Understanding Azure is essential and a must in a tech-driven business landscape where cloud computing plays a critical role. Microsoft Azure is not just a platform for launching applications; it's a comprehensive ecosystem that supports a wide range of technologies and tools for innovation and growth. Whether you are a developer looking to deploy cutting-edge applications or a business looking to scale, Azure offers a world of possibilities. | prakash_rao |
1,889,617 | 502. IPO | 502. IPO Hard Suppose LeetCode will start its IPO soon. In order to sell a good price of its shares... | 27,523 | 2024-06-15T14:59:33 | https://dev.to/mdarifulhaque/502-ipo-295e | php, leetcode, algorithms, programming | 502\. IPO
Hard
Suppose LeetCode will start its **IPO** soon. In order to sell a good price of its shares to Venture Capital, LeetCode would like to work on some projects to increase its capital before the **IPO**. Since it has limited resources, it can only finish at most `k` distinct projects before the **IPO**. Help LeetCode design the best way to maximize its total capital after finishing at most `k` distinct projects.
You are given `n` projects where the <code>i<sup>th</sup></code> project has a pure profit `profits[i]` and a minimum capital of `capital[i]` is needed to start it.
Initially, you have `w` capital. When you finish a project, you will obtain its pure profit and the profit will be added to your total capital.
Pick a list of **at most** `k` distinct projects from given projects to **maximize your final capital**, and return _the final maximized capital_.
The answer is guaranteed to fit in a 32-bit signed integer.
**Example 1:**
- **Input:** k = 2, w = 0, profits = [1,2,3], capital = [0,1,1]
- **Output:** 4
- **Explanation:** Since your initial capital is 0, you can only start the project indexed 0.
After finishing it you will obtain profit 1 and your capital becomes 1.
With capital 1, you can either start the project indexed 1 or the project indexed 2.
Since you can choose at most 2 projects, you need to finish the project indexed 2 to get the maximum capital.
Therefore, output the final maximized capital, which is 0 + 1 + 3 = 4.
**Example 2:**
- **Input:** k = 3, w = 0, profits = [1,2,3], capital = [0,1,2]
- **Output:** 6
**Constraints:**
- <code>1 <= k <= 10<sup>5</sup></code>
- <code>0 <= w <= 10<sup>9</sup></code>
- <code>n == profits.length</code>
- <code>n == capital.length</code>
- <code>1 <= n <= 10<sup>5</sup></code>
- <code>0 <= profits[i] <= 10<sup>4</sup></code>
- <code>0 <= capital[i] <= 10<sup>9</sup></code>
**Solution:**
```
class Solution {
/**
* @param Integer $k
* @param Integer $w
* @param Integer[] $profits
* @param Integer[] $capital
* @return Integer
*/
function findMaximizedCapital($k, $w, $profits, $capital) {
$n = count($capital);
$minCapitalHeap = new SplMinHeap();
for ($i = 0; $i < $n; ++$i) {
$minCapitalHeap->insert([$capital[$i], $profits[$i]]);
}
$maxProfitHeap = new SplMaxHeap();
while ($k-- > 0) {
while (!$minCapitalHeap->isEmpty() && $minCapitalHeap->top()[0] <= $w) {
$maxProfitHeap->insert($minCapitalHeap->extract()[1]);
}
if ($maxProfitHeap->isEmpty()) {
break;
}
$w += $maxProfitHeap->extract();
}
return $w;
}
}
```
**Contact Links**
- **[LinkedIn](https://www.linkedin.com/in/arifulhaque/)**
- **[GitHub](https://github.com/mah-shamim)**
| mdarifulhaque |
339,547 | 4 Ways Businesses Can Use Web Data Extraction | I bet you’ve heard a lot about the term web data extraction or web scraping these days. Today I want... | 0 | 2020-05-20T06:08:15 | http://www.dataextraction.io/?p=565 | I bet you’ve heard a lot about the term web [data extraction](http://www.dataextraction.io/) or web scraping these days. Today I want to share with you how you can leverage web data extraction to cope with some painful problems that you encounter in your business.
No one can deny that data is the most valuable asset for today’s business in any field. Start-ups often find themselves hard to compete with business giants even though they have ingenious ideas. The reason is simple, these tech giants hold much more data than all other companies combined. The need for data extraction is obvious. If you don’t collect data, you put your business at stake.
To most businesses, it’s not about the quantity, but the quality and efficiency that really matter the most. Let’s make some real-world examples:
**Price Optimization**
If you own an e-commerce business, you know how difficult it is to set up the right price to attract customers. If you set the price too high, you scare away the prospect. However, without raising prices, it will be difficult to get more profit. Here is how web data extraction can help:
Extract customers’ information, and find out disgruntled customers. Then bring up their satisfaction by fine-tuning your market strategies. If they think you set the price too high, you put in a bundle to decrease the marginal cost. The point is that people love to pay more for a product with more value. And we can improve our product or service that our competitors are missing.
Next, make a dynamic pricing strategy. The price is not a firm set. This is commonly seen when you buy airline tickets. The price gets extremely high during the holiday season. whereas the flight ticket will be very cheap if the destination is not popular. This is due to market demand. You can use web data extraction to track prices on promotion events, like Black Friday. This enables you to keep up with the changes and adjust your pricing strategy in a timely manner.
**Lead generation**
Needless to say, it is so important for a business to get successful — more leads! Of course, you can buy contact lists, but they are not quality leads. Even worse, people might unsubscribe your email or mark you as spam. In order to collect quality prospects from websites, we need to optimize the search process. Now a web data extraction tool is the perfect fit for this. It automatically searches and extracts millions of leads in a short time.
First, identify the relevant attributes like ages, education, job title, career, company, geolocation, etc.
Once you set the attributes. Find a target group, forum, social media where these people may likely assemble.
Use [Octoparse](https://www.octoparse.com/) to collect their information and export to excel spreadsheet. And now we can work to convert more leads.
Here is a YouTube video for reference: [https://youtu.be/d84VNDgTkjM](https://youtu.be/d84VNDgTkjM)
**Sentiment Analysis**
We all know how hard it is as a newcomer to make a breakthrough in the world of e-Commerce. In fact, a perfect e-Commerce marketing strategy is born on itself. It takes time and progress to make it work. Before we hit the ultimate goal and achieve the optimal marketing plan, we need to study both our competitors and customers.
First, we can start by monitoring our competitors with data extraction. You can monitor mentions, reviews, posts, campaigns, etc.
Then we use these data to feed the deep-learning model to analyze the text. Then gives you the attitudes of the public, whether being positive, neutral or negative. You even can analyze at a granular level.
After that, you are able to forecast future trends and customer sentiment. From there on, it is much easier to tailor your marketing campaign to suit the taste of your audience.
**Investment Decisions**
Data extraction has a long history in the investment world. For example, hedge funds extract alternative data to avoid the risk of flops. It helps them avoid unexpected risks and potential investment opportunities.
For example, Thasos, a mobile data provider, found a significant increase in overnight shifts from Tesla Factory by collecting geographical coordinates from worker’s smartphone devices. And they deduced the rise of Tesla’s stock price since the surge of overnight shifts could indicate the boost in Tesla production.
Alternative data can be tricky to collect as they are less readily and less structured. To this sense, web data extraction is the most approachable solution to pull any data from a wide range of web sources and syndicate to your database in preparation for investment decision making. | fooooopng | |
1,887,914 | 2 re-rendering pitfalls I learned about while building my React app | Hi It's Hudy here. In this blog post, I'd like to share two re-rendering pitfalls I encountered... | 0 | 2024-06-15T14:45:31 | https://dev.to/hudy9x/two-simple-re-rendering-pitfalls-i-learned-about-while-building-my-react-app-2n7 | react | Hi It's Hudy here.
In this blog post, I'd like to share two re-rendering pitfalls I encountered while developing [Namviek](https://namviek.com), my open-source project management app, and how I addressed them.
These pitfalls highlight common mistakes that can lead to performance issues in React applications. By understanding and avoiding these issues, you can ensure that your React apps run smoothly and efficiently.
## 1. Put states, Context.Provider and child component within the same place.
I usually use React Context for building my own components (Ex: Calendar, ProjectMemberSelect) and containers. However, by habit, I tend to put states, Context.Provider and all child components within the same place.
Look at the below example: I put the `counter` state and `<Report.Provider/>` inside `<Report/>`. No problems, I thought initially.
```
export default function Report() {
const [counter, setCounter] = useState(1) // state
return (
<Report.Provider value={{
counter,
setCounter
}}>
<ReportContent /> // child
<ReportSidebar /> // child
</Report.Provider>
)
}
```
The issue just appeared when I increased `counter` value. Both `<ReportContent />` and `<ReportSidebar/>` re-rendered, even though they didn't rely on the `counter` state.
This might seem like a minor oversight, but it's a common pitfalls for developers who frequently use React Context like me, I guess.
```
// Fixed version
export default function Report() {
// moved state to another place
return (
<ReportProvider>
<ReportContent />
<ReportSidebar />
</ReportProvider>
)
}
function ReportProvider({children}) {
const [counter, setCounter] = useState(1)
return <Report.Provider value={{
counter,
setCounter
}}>{children}</Report.Provider>
}
```
So the solution is straightforward: move the `counter` state logic into the `<ReportProvider/>` component. By doing this, only the components that truly depend on the context will re-render when the state changes.
This fix works because the `counter` state becomes encapsulated within the `<ReportProvider/>` component. Since child components only receive the context value at the time of render, changes to the state within the provider won't trigger re-renders in `<ReportContent/>` and `<ReportSidebar/>` unless they explicitly rely on the context.
Crucially, the `children` prop, which passes down the component tree, only updates when the `<Report />` component itself re-renders.
## 2. Misconception: Custom hooks do not cause component re-renders.
Look the following example. I created a custom hook called `useUpdate` to encapsulate the fetch logic with the goal of minimizing unnecessary re-renders.
```
// custom hook
function useUpdate() {
const [counter, setCounter] = useState(0)
useEffect(() => {
// assume that this is a fetch call
setTimeout(() => {
setCounter(c => c + 1)
}, 1000)
}, [])
}
// component
export default function Report() {
useUpdate()
console.log('render Report'). // run twice
return (
<ReportProvider>
<ReportContent />
<ReportSidebar />
</ReportProvider>
)
}
```
And I realized the `<Report/>` component was still re-rendering as expected. While I thought custom hooks might prevent re-renders.
After a few hours of researching I found that.
> A custom can be treated as a function simply which is executed from within the functional component and effectively the hooks that are present in the custom hook are transferred on to the component. So any change that would normally cause the component to re-render if the code within the custom hook was directly written within functional component will cause a re-render even if the hook is a custom hook. [Refer](https://stackoverflow.com/a/56346042/17752111)
So to fix this, I moved the `useUpdate` hook to a separate component like `<PrefetchData/>`.
```
// fixed version
function PrefetchData() {
useUpdate()
return null
}
// component
export default function Report() {
console.log('render Report'). // run once
return (
<ReportProvider>
<PrefetchData />
<ReportContent />
<ReportSidebar />
</ReportProvider>
)
}
```
Now, the `<PrefetchData/>` component will be responsible for retrieving the data and managing it's state. As a result, the re-render process will be isolated to the `<PrefetchData/>` component, preventing unintended re-renders in unrelated components outside its scope.
This approach ensures that updates to the report's state only trigger re-renders in components that rely on the fetched data, promoting a more efficient rendering cycle.
## Conclusion
I hope my experience can help others prevent performance issues caused by unintentional misuse of React.Context. If you have any insights into better solutions or have spotted any mistakes in my explanation, I'd be eager to learn from them.
| hudy9x |
1,889,616 | Day 1 - Hi, I started learning with AWS and I'll share what i learn each day and if you find something wrong then let me know | AWS (for AWS cloud practitioners) AWS stands for amazon web services nad It is the first large... | 0 | 2024-06-15T14:43:12 | https://dev.to/deepak5812/hi-guys-i-started-learning-with-aws-and-ill-share-what-i-learn-each-day-and-if-you-find-something-wrong-then-let-me-know-52k1 | aws, webdev, springboot, devops | AWS (for AWS cloud practitioners)
- AWS stands for amazon web services nad It is the first large scale cloud service provider in 2006 with s3 service.
- Ways of Interactions with AWS
- Using AWS Console(via GUI)
- Using AWS CLI (via command line or terminal)
- Using AWS SDKs (via some programming language code)
- As a beginner in AWS i've learned the following concepts
- Traditional IT services pros and cons
- Pros
- You can customize the whole infrastructure
- Better Security because all data center is under your control
- Consequences
- Scaling take time
- Poor return of investment
- Physical safety (means if some Person can physically damaged
your servers or resources then your data will be gone.
- Cooling of servers is also one problem
- Cloud Computing -> It is on demand of delivery of IT resources, particularly computing power, application hosting and even more
- Types of Cloud Models
- Cloud -> In this model all your resources is on the cloud
- On Premises -> In this model not a single resources is on cloud.
- Hybrid -> In this model here some of the resources are on the
cloud and som of them are in own data centers.
(Hybrid= cloud +On premises)
- Benefits of Clouds:-
- Go Global in minutes
- With the help of it sites can go global in minutes.
- Stop focusing on the data centers and instead of it focus on the
customers
- Stop Guessing the Capacity of your resources instead of it use
AWS
- Trade Upfront Expenses for Variable Expenses
- It means like it is better to spend a little than spend a lot.
Thank you for reading my Post
My LinkedIn id link is given below
https://www.linkedin.com/in/deepak5812/
| deepak5812 |
1,889,615 | Must-Have Software for macOS Developers in 2024 | Here’s a summary of essential software for MacOS development. All of these tools are free, and most... | 0 | 2024-06-15T14:43:05 | https://dev.to/lunamiller/must-have-software-for-macos-developers-in-2024-3885 | webdev, beginners, productivity, discuss | Here’s a summary of essential software for MacOS development. All of these tools are free, and most are open-source. I hope they enhance your development experience.
## Basics
### Git
Git needs no introduction. Simply run `git` in the terminal, and a dialog will pop up. Click install. This typically installs the basic Xcode runtime environment as well. Alternatively, you can install it by running `xcode-select --install` in the terminal.
### [ServBay](https://www.servbay.com)
ServBay is probably the best [development environment](https://www.servbay.com) for Mac. It allows easy one-click installation of various development environments and simplifies subsequent upgrades. For teams, it ensures consistency in dependencies and configurations.
## Terminal Tools
### [iTerm2](https://iterm2.com/) + [Oh-My-Zsh](https://ohmyz.sh/#install)
iTerm2 is the premier terminal on Mac, and Oh-My-Zsh provides powerful theming and plugin capabilities.
### [Terminus](https://termius.com/)
A minimalist, cross-platform shell tool that I often use to connect to cloud servers.
## Debugging Tools
### [Bruno](https://www.usebruno.com/)
Since Postman became paid, we switched to Bruno as an alternative. It uses JSON for data storage, which allows version control with Git, meeting team collaboration needs. Plus, the UI is top-notch among API tools.
### [SwitchHosts](https://switchhosts.vercel.app/)
A tool for managing and switching between multiple hosts configurations, making local HTTPS debugging easier.
### [AnotherRedisDesktopManager](https://github.com/qishibo/AnotherRedisDesktopManager)
A free yet powerful Redis GUI tool.
### [CotEditor](https://coteditor.com/)
A lightweight text editor, simple yet powerful, suitable for replacing the default system text editor. For more complex text editing, stick with VS Code.
Install the command-line tool for convenience:
```bash
# Install cot command
sudo ln -s /Applications/CotEditor.app/Contents/SharedSupport/bin/cot /usr/local/bin/cot
# Use the cot command, equivalent to open xxx
cot ~/.zshrc
```
## Productivity Tools
### [Hidden Bar](https://github.com/dwarvesf/hidden)
Customize hidden taskbar icons, free and open-source.
### [Fork](https://git-fork.com/) - Highly Recommended
A powerful Git GUI software with an intuitive linear history view, making branch management easy. Operations like merge/squash/rebase/amend are quick and smooth.
### [Maccy](https://maccy.app/)
An essential clipboard tool that makes it easy to find recently copied content, supporting both images and search!
| lunamiller |
1,889,614 | HIRED AN AUTHORIZED HACKER FOR CRYPTO RECOVERY: PARADOX CRYPTO RECOVERY WIZARD | WHAT IS THE BEST AND MOST RELATIVE RECOVERY HACKER? HOW CAN I EASILY RESTORE MY STOLEN FUNDS? HIRED... | 0 | 2024-06-15T14:41:17 | https://dev.to/matthew_thomas_b947b52805/hired-an-authorized-hacker-for-crypto-recovery-paradox-crypto-recovery-wizard-287p | WHAT IS THE BEST AND MOST RELATIVE RECOVERY HACKER?
HOW CAN I EASILY RESTORE MY STOLEN FUNDS?
HIRED AN AUTHORIZED HACKER FOR CRYPTO RECOVERY: PARADOX CRYPTO RECOVERY WIZARD
I would like to take this opportunity to thank PARADOX CRYPTO RECOVERY WIZARD for the amazing assistance they offered in helping me get my lost bitcoin back. I was feeling powerless and didn't know what to do when I initially found myself in this horrible predicament. That's when I was introduced to PARADOX CRYPTO RECOVERY WIZARD by a buddy, and I am so grateful that I did. My initial communication with PARADOX CRYPTO RECOVERY WIZARD was met with professionalism, knowledge, and sincere assistance from their team. They took their time and made sure I understood every stage of the rehabilitation process as they guided me through it. Their expertise and direction gave me hope that I could find my misplaced cryptocurrency. I was astounded by PARADOX CRYPTO RECOVERY WIZARD's degree of expertise and accuracy throughout the procedure. Again, thank you for your outstanding service.
WhatsApp: +39 351 222 3051
Email: paradox_recovery@cyberservices.com
| matthew_thomas_b947b52805 |
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