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In the previous studies, we have identified eIF5A as the only cellular protein that contains an unusual amino acid, hypusine Ne-(4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl)lysine, and established that hypusine biosynthesis occurs by two sequential enzymatic reactions: i) deoxyhypusine synthesis and ii) deoxyhypusine hydroxylation. We demo...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an estrogenic chemical that is widely used in the manufacture of policarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. Because BPA leaches out of plastic food and drink containers, including baby bottles, as well as the BPA-containing dental prostheses and sealants, considerable potential exists for human expos...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The biogenetic-type synthesis of the alkaloids salutaridine, narwedine, dihydrolyfoline and decodine will be carried out, along with syntheses of several phenolic macrolides. Ortho metalation reactions of a variety of ligands with palladium, rhodium, and nickel and their utility in the synthesis of organic natural prod...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The possible role of motor development on psychological function is once again a topic of great theoretical and practical importance. The revival of this issue is stemming from a different approach to the topic, away from Gesell's interest in the long-term prediction of psychological functions from early motoric assess...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
DESCRIPTION: Technological change is a central feature of health care markets and over the past few decades has revolutionized the treatment of many medical conditions. Although breakthrough scientific advances are an important driver of the pace of medical innovation, market incentives - such as those provided by the ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
This is an R01 grant application for five years of funding to apply novel advanced image analysis techniques and introducing technology that would improve the targeting in CT guided interventions. CT is currently in the United States the most common imaging modality used to guide biopsy and tumor ablation. The majority...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The objective of this study is to investigate the role and molecular mechanisms of tissue kallikrein in cardiac protection after myocardial infarction in normal and genetically modified animals. Our recent studies have shown that tissue kallikrein gene or protein delivery protects against organ damage in the heart, kid...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Environmental or occupational exposure to manganese (Mn) causes a neuropathy resembling idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD), characterized by motor deficits and damage to dopaminergic (DAergic) nuclei of the basal ganglia. Mitochondria! dysfunction, oxidative damage, and protein aggregation have been implicated in the ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Extensive laboratory and surgical experience by the Principal Investigator has proven that cartilage regeneration and biological resurfacing of damaged joints is possible using periosteal grafts. However, the major limitation is an age-dependent decrease in the potential of periosteum to produce cartilage in subjects b...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The overall goal of the project is to validate the feasibility of a microwave tomographic (MWT) imaging technology for assessment of functional and pathological conditions of extremity soft tissue. The successful management of a fractured bone involves an understanding of the two major components (boney and soft tissue...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The objective of the MBRS-IMSD Program at the University of California, Irvine (UCI) is to increase the number and academic excellence of underrepresented (UR) undergraduate and graduate students that complete PhD degrees in biomedical sciences and advance to competitive postdoctoral positions. During the past decade, ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Mosquitoes Culex pipiens is a major vector species for Japanese encephalitis and filariasis in China, and it is an important vector of West Nile Virus in the USA. Vector control is an important means of mosquito-borne disease prevention and management. Pyrethroid insecticide is currently being promoted worldwide for di...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The Eleventh Gordon Research Conference on Fertilization and the Activation of Development will provide a forum for presentation and discussion of new developments and ideas in this exciting, rapidly advancing field. This meeting will be held at the Holderness School, Plymouth, New Hampshire, July 27 - August 1, 1997. ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The overall objective of this research program is to identify proteins that regulate the activity or subcellular localization of the alpha subunit (G- alpha) of heterotrimeric G proteins. Regulatory proteins may be proteins whose interaction with G-alpha was not previously appreciated, or they may be novel proteins or ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The purpose of this project is to characterize the extents and time scales of structural reorganization associated with redox state changes in biological redox proteins in disordered media, such as liquids, oriented membrane multilayers and frozen glasses, using x-ray scattering in the small to mid-angle domain (0.005 ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
An experimental animal model in which the course of immunodeficiency virus infection parallels the pathogenesis of the human disease is critical for the study of human AIDS. Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of macaques satisfies this criterion and is therefore a relevant model. SIV induces an immunodeficie...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Coronary heart disease in the leading cause of death, disability, and health care costs in the US. Among patients with established coronary heart disease (CHD), a majority of patients continue to have acute cardiac events, many sudden and unexpected, despite identification and treatment of their disease and traditional...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Proposed is a continuation of a productive program of research that has the overall goal of elucidating the mechanism(s) underlying cognitive decline with aging. To achieve this goal, we originally organized and will continue a program of research that includes 4 research projects, 3 essential core facilities and a gro...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The computational power of the nervous system relies on the ability of individual cells to integrate multiple inputs and generate an output targeted to the appropriate partner(s). These functions would be impossible without the asymmetric localization of proteins within the cell. For example, many of the proteins that ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
DESCRIPTION: (Applicant's abstract) The yeast genome sequence is now known, a major technical accomplishment that offer unprecedented opportunities for study of the cell biology of the simplest eukaryote. Knowledge of the interactions of regulatory and structural proteins with DNA in vivo is important for application-o...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
DESCRIPTION: The functioning of the nervous system depends on the correct specification and "wiring up" of many different neurons in the nervous system. Goulding is interested in elucidating the molecular mechanisms that control the generation of specific neuronal cell types in the developing spinal cord. A large body ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
A major increase in the number of cases of coccidioidomycosis (Valley fever), a fungal respiratory disease of humans, has occurred in southwestern United States during the last five years. Our goals are to develop rapid and relatively simple methods for diagnosis of this disease. Current methods are inadequate because ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Approximately one-third of veterans are current smokers, which is a significantly greater proportion than in the general population. Tobacco smoke exposure can promote airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), a characteristic feature of asthma defined as airway constriction after exposure to a provocational agent. The prevale...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
We have established conditions for in vitro assembly of stable synaptic complexes of a pair of viral DNA ends with HIV-1 integrase. These nucleoprotein complexes are intermediates in the integration of HIV DNA into a target DNA. Furthermore, the association of integrase with viral DNA in these complexes mimics all the ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Repair and regeneration of the injured heart with new, functional cardiomyocytes remains a daunting challenge for cardiovascular medicine. Following cardiac injury, fibroblasts enter injury zone and through various processes actively impair contractile function. Converting cardiac fibroblasts within scar tissue into fu...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Despite a wealth of evidence on the factors driving the ?supply side? of helping?when people give help and why?there is a comparative dearth on the ?demand side??when people ask for help and why. Violating the standard economic assumption of ?more resources are preferred to less,? evidence suggests that despite large b...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The long-term objectives of this study are to understand the mechanisms by which three unique streptococcal flavoproteins catalyze reactions normally ascribed to hemeproteins or to heme- dependent processes. Investigation of the catalytic roles of both flavin and non-flavin redox centers will be essential to the overal...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Sialoglycoconjugates are cell surface components involved in many aspects of cellular response to extracellular changes and stimuli. Of all the biochemical changes associated with neoplasia, modifications of these components and their biosynthesis have been documented. In order to monitor sialoglycoconjugates in the su...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
One of the most prevalent abnormalities in leukemia patients, the Philadelphia chromosome, a translocation of the ABL1 oncogene on chromosome 9 to the BCR gene on chromosome 22, occurs in adult chronic myelogenous leukemia and childhood acute chronic leukemia. In addition to the translocation, the commercial ES-probe u...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The Flow Cytometry Shared Resource provides technical expertise, trained personnel, and technical services in flow cytometry to meet the needs of Cancer Center members. The specific services of the Flow Cytometry Shared Resource include 1) quantitative measurement of fluorescent receptors to assess the distribution of ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Premature birth is the number one perinatal health problem in the USA. Relatively little attention has been paid to the function of milk-borne hormones and their potential implications in neonatal health care. Transfer of maternal hormones to the fetus in utero by the placenta ceases with birth; thereafter, milk is the...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The project develops models for analysis of multiple event times. Two projects are considered in this proposal. The first project proposes new methods for regression analysis of a class of stochastic process models called modulated renewal processes. They can be used to model multiple event times representing specific ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Perennial endemic and potentially pandemic influenza virus infections constitute a major global health problem. It is known that the adaptive CD8 T cell response is vital for clearance of acute influenza virus infection, and that antibodies are important for protection against recurrent infections. Relatively little is...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The overall objective of the proposed research is to gain insight into the mechanisms by which cariogenic bacteria such as Streptococcus mutans can synergistically and antagonistically interact with other plaque bacteria during dental plaque formation. The specific objectives are: (1) to utilize our quantitative in vit...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Categorization is considered a high level visual-perceptual function. It allows individuals to make reasonable guesses based on experience about the function and desirability of a stimulus or object. Monkeys, like humans, can classify whether images blending cats and dogs, so-called morphing from cat to dog are more ca...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
ABSTRACT Type 2 diabetes is an independent risk factor for the development of heart failure. It contributes to adverse cardiac remodeling and it increases heart failure mortality. While cell therapy offers promise for treating heart failure in nondiabetic patients, the efficacy of cell therapy in diabetic hearts remain...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
DESCRIPTION (Taken from application abstract): Objective: The proposed project includes development and preliminary evaluation of a novel virtual reality dynamic anatomy (VRDA) teaching tool. The first prototype of the tool will enable a user wearing a see-through, head-mounted display (HMD) to visualize real-time, syn...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
ABSTRACT Colon cancer (CC) is a clinically and molecularly heterogeneous disease. While the TCGA data has implicated numerous molecular aberrations in cancer etiology and mechanisms, a direct link between genomic events and patient outcomes is lacking. While the TNM (tumor, node, metastasis) staging system is widely ut...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Background: Three decades of research on end-of-life care in the United States indicate that people who are dying often spend their final days in ICU settings receiving poor quality end-of-life care. This failure to receive desired end-of-life care is attributed, in large part, to communication failures among patients,...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Birth defects occur frequently in humans but occurrence in most cases is sporadic without obvious genetic or environmental etiology. The mouse mutation Disorganization (Ds) is an extraordinary example of a single gene Mendelian trait that has sporadic patterns of occurrence because of its exceptional genetic and develo...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The overall goal of this collaborative study is to investigate the transmission dynamics of cryptosporidial infections in children in southern India. In developing countries, cryptosporidiosis is a cause, not only of outbreaks, but also of significant endemic disease and morbidity, resulting in diarrheal disease and lo...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The muscles and bones of the thorax must support many critical functions, some of which may at times conflict. For example, the thorax must stiffen to maintain stability during locomotion, whereas it must expand to bring air into the lungs during inspiration. Yet, to maintain continuous locomotion, animals must breathe...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
We propose an integrated, multidisciplinary program of basic and clinical research addressing a central theme: The characterization and therapeutic modulation of the genetic, molecular and cellular attributes of an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell graft (HSCT) and transplanted host which contribute to the early estab...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
DESCRIPTION: Recent trials of monoclonal antibody-based therapy have demonstrated clear anti-tumor activity with minimal toxicity in patients with low grade and follicular B-cell malignancies. In a recently completed trial, approximately 50 percent of patients that had refractory disease or relapsed following standard ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Many of our skilled behaviors involve not single actions but sequences of movements. Lesion and imaging studies in humans, in addition to neural recording in sub human primates have demonstrated that the medial motor areas in the frontal cortex are particularly important for the generation of motor sequences. What is l...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
2-Oxoglutarate (2OG) is a precursor for neurotransmitter glutamate, and an important metabolic intermediate for maintaining the capacity of the Krebs cycle in glutamatergic neurons. 2OG enters neuronal cells through a high affinity uptake system localized to glutamatergic neurons. This uptake system is under negative f...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The Social Relations Model is a model of dyadic processes. A person's behavior is assumed to be determined by the person, the person's partner, and the relationship between the two. The model has been applied to the areas of interpersonal attraction, accuracy of interpersonal perception, family relations, intergroup re...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
There are two developmental objectives in this proposed K02 award: 1) to obtain expertise in qualitative and mixed-methods design to advance the principal investigator's (Pi's) research program on informal and formal long-term care, and 2) to gain knowledge and experience in the development and administration of large-...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
This research plan is directed towards improving artificial kidney technology, one of the specific areas of interest to the National Institute of Arthritis, Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. By the middle of 1977 more than 36,000 patients were being regularly treated for uremia by hemodialysis at an annual co...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Project summary/abstract This proposal is to synthesize and commercialize Fmoc protected glycoamino acids (GAAs) in large scale. Glycoproteins have been reported to exhibit a pivotal role in processes as diverse as fertilization, neuronal development, hormone activities, immune surveillance, and inflammatory responses....	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The purpose of this request for renewal is to define the impact of exposure to bioactivated environmental contaminants on a special population: children. Lung disease is the leading cause of death in infants under one year of age and a strong relationship exists between human infant exposure to environmental tobacco sm...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
This is a new application that proposes to study regulation of chemokine receptor expression by cytokines in experimental granulomas, and to evaluate the contributions of these various receptors to the granulomatous response. The PI previously developed a novel murine model of synchronized T cell-mediated granuloma for...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
DESCRIPTION: The primary goals of this program are: 1. to prepare disadvantaged high school students in biomedical/behavioral science and health professions for pursuit of college science education and careers in the health sciences; and 2. to improve pre-college science education by allowing elementary, middle, and hi...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
ADMINISTRATIVE CORE ABSTRACT The Administrative Core for our SDSU/UCSD Cancer Center Comprehensive Partnership will provide oversight of the administrative and financial functions and the personnel and other resources to support the Partnership's day-to-day operations. This includes providing leadership, oversight, and...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The purpose of this study is to evaluate subclinical abnormalities of glucose metabolism in subjects with previous gestational diabetes and further to study the rate of insulin clearance to determine whether differences in insulin clearance might contribute to abnormalities of glucose metabolism in women with gestation...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
NKT cells are a population of regulatory T cells that is known to be able to potently modulate immune responses. The antigens that control NKT cell activation are lipids and glycolipids presented by CD1d molecules. A remarkable characteristic of NKT cells is that many are autoreactive to self antigens. This allows them...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The long term goal of this research is to develop an efficient method to authenticate rodent cell lines. Misidentification as well as inter- and intra-species cross contamination of cell lines is widespread and has a substantial negative impact on biomedical research. The use of short tandem repeat (STR) analysis has b...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The proposed research represents the initial stages of a research program investigating the potential role of parents' cognitions as mediators of their behavior toward their young children. Based on prior work in social cognition, mothers' attributions (i.e., causal explanations) for their young children's behavior wil...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The proposed study will attempt to identify and characterize the mechanism of action of cholecystokinin (CCK) on gallbladder and intestinal smooth muscle. The action of CCK will be assessed by measuring its effect on smooth muscle contraction and calcium flux. The effects of CCK on smooth muscle will be compared to the...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
This grant application describes the proposed total syntheses of a number of potent antitumor agents of natural origin, namely lomaiviticins A and B, cytoskyrin A, amphidinolide N and caribenolide I, as well as a number of related molecules for biological screening. The proposed total synthesis of the lomaiviticins wou...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
This application for renewal of the The Advanced IViultlmodai Neuroimaging Training Program seeks continued support for integrated training in neuroimaging through linl<ed Institutional Predoctoral Training and Short-term Research Education components. The goal of the program is to prepare a new cadre of scientists who...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The Genetics and Molecular Biology (GMB) Training Program at Princeton University has as its primary goal the education of carefully selected individuals for the research, teaching, and industrial needs of this country. The GMB program is the major source of training funds for the Molecular Biology Graduate Program, wh...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
In vitro studies with hyperphosphorylated tau from either AD brain or generated in vitro show that this tau binds normal MAPs, disrupts microtubules, and self-assembles into PHFs/SFs (Alonso et al., 1994, 1996, 1997, 2001a, 2001b, 2004). These data provides compelling evidence to propose the following: a) in affected n...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The secretion of glucocorticoids (GCs) represents the final step in a neuroendocrine cascade beginning within the CNS. Somatic and psychogenic stressors, as well as circadian drive, initiate the cascade by releasing hypothalamic ACTH-secretagogues. A major advance in recent years in the recognition that CRF is only the...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The incidence of HIV-associated tuberculosis has been increasing worldwide since the beginning of the AIDS epidemic, and is expected to rise even further in the future, especially in developing countries. The accelerating and amplifying influence of HIV infection is contributing to the increasing incidence of disease c...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The mission of COEC is to improve the public's knowledge of how to reduce the risk and individual susceptibility to environmental factors influencing human health and disease. To fulfill our mission, we will engage in this work: Develop educational materials that communicate the significance and public health impact of...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Studies are directed toward understanding the mechanisms by which estrogens are formed in peripheral (non-endocrine) tissues. Specifically, models are being sought in which the increased efficiency of estrogen production associated with obesity may be explained. Other studies are directed towards defining the role that...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Death of spinal motor neurons is a hallmark of devastating and currently untreatable neurodegenerative diseases. However, little is currently known about the reasons why motor neurons are particularly sensitive to mutations affecting broadly expressed genes, such as SOD1 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or SMN in spina...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
1. To evaluate promising lead compounds for treating drug dependence through a broad panel of receptor and enzyme targets (Profile) in order to identify potential side effect liabilities and/or characterize the selectivity of the compounds for the desired pharmacological target set (Task 1). 2. To perform binding affin...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The cytochromes P-450 are central to the metabolism of xenobiotics and drugs and to the activation and detoxification of carcinogens. Whether a potentially carcinogenic molecule is metabolized to an active carcinogen or to an excretable form may depend on the activity and substrate specificity of the forms of the P-450...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The Committee on Nutrition of the American Academy of Pediatrics suggests that a logical goal for nutritional support of the LBW infant is to achieve postnatal growth approximating that of a normal fetus of the same post-conceptional age. To date, attempts to achieve sufficient catch-up growth in the LBW infant to resu...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Urinary incontinence is a major health care problem in the United States and an area of high priority for NIDDK. This DK55387 competitive renewal grant will explore several new developments using muscle derived stem cells (MDSC) as a treatment of stress urinary incontinence. We were extremely productive during the init...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Atherosclerosis, the underlying cause of most morbidity and mortality in the Western world, results from a focal imbalance of the normal equilibria of the artery wall. While metabolic cooperation between vascular cells is essential for the maintenance of normal artery, very little is known about the nature of cellular ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
It is widely thought that the exposure of chondrogenic factors to bone marrow progenitor cells in cartilage lesions can enhance the synthesis of a repair tissue. This proposal is based on the hypotheses that gene transfer can be used as a means to achieve sustained synthesis of specific proteins within a cartilaginous ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The broad aim of this proposal is to elucidate the molecular details of an unusual type of non-Mendelian inheritance in Paramecium tetraurelia. We will combine molecular biology and genetics to study a mutant cell line (d48) that contains a complete copy of the A type variable surface antigen gene in the micronucleus b...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The activity of calcium-activated neutral proteases (CANP) and acid proteases has been studied in the squid nervous system as well as the rat erythrocyte ghost. In the squid, nerve cell bodies and axons contain abundant CANP activity, whereas nerve terminals (i.e., optic lobe synaptosomes) do not. In contrast, the axon...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Multiple treatments that can change the course of type 1 diabetes have been identified over the last several years through the efforts of TrialNet, the Immune Tolerance Network and others. Although these immune therapies can stop disease progression in those with elevated blood sugars, the effect has proven to be trans...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
DESCRIPTION: (Adapted from the application.) The genes encoding U2 small nuclear RNA (snRNA) exist as a perfect tandem array of 5 to >22 copies of a 5.8 KB repeat unit on human chromosome 17q21. This locus is a fragile site which may be induced by adenovirus 12 infection. Further, the locus has been maintained at its p...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Evaluation of cochlear prostheses for deafness.	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The link between electrical excitation and contraction of a skeletal muscle cell (e-c coupling) involves signaling between two calcium channels: the dihydropyridine receptor (Oqs-DHPR) which is a voltage-gated Ca 2+ channel in the plasma membrane and ryanodine receptor type 1 (RyR1) which is a Ca 2+ release channel in ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Priming is a form of implicit memory, and refers to the fact that the mere processing of an item can facilitate subsequent processing of that same item. Priming effects can occur in the absence of conscious recollection of the prior study episode, and it has, therefore, been suggested that priming and explicit memory a...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Trichohyalin is a major differentiation product of the inner root sheath cells of hair follicle, the medulla of the hair fiber, and is expressed in the epidermis, and other tissues including the hard palate, and filiform ridges of the tongue. It is thought to function in part as a keratin intermediate filament associat...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Inner ear hair cell loss and lack of hair cell regeneration are the major cause of permanent hearing loss. In this application, it is proposed to test whether mouse embryonic stem cell-generated hair cell- like cells are functional in the sense that they display mechanotranduction currents, appropriate basolateral curr...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Human biology depends on the way the human genome is expressed. Protein levels in cells rely on the fate of messenger RNA-how pre-mRNAs are spliced, how and when mRNAs are translated, and finally when mRNAs are degraded. Defects in these steps can lead to diseases ranging from inherited disorders to cancer. By their na...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The objective of this research is to develop and test the validity and reliability of a modified picture-sort food frequency questionnaire between 2 application populations, African-American and Hispanic adolescents. Nutritional patterns developed during adolescence may contribute to obesity and increase the risk for s...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) is a renal disease almost exclusively seen in people of African ancestry. More than 2 million HIV-infected children living in sub-Saharan Africa are at high risk of developing HIVAN, if they do not receiving appropriate anti-retroviral therapy (ART). HIVAN is ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Abstract Prospective Functional Characterization of All Possible Missense Variants in HNF1A Loss-of-function mutations in HNF1A are the most common cause of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY). Individuals with HNF1A-MODY benefit from specific pharmacotherapy with low dose sulfonylureas and can avoid insulin in...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Interactions of cells with their immediate extracellular matrix are thought to be critical in the control of cellular functions such as adhesion, replication, motility and differentiation. Cell surface and extracellular matrix proteins are thought to mediate these interactions, with fibronectin being one of the most th...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The delivery of cytokines into the subretinal space may play an important role in the treatment of retinal degenerative diseases such as age related macular degeneration and certain forms of retinitis pigmentosa. These diseases, which constitute the leading cause of adult onset blindness spring from a variety of geneti...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Flagellated protozoa of the Order Kinetoplastida contain a single mitochondrion termed a kinetoplast. Two distinct populations of double stranded circular DNA, the maxicircles and the minicircles, are localized within the kinetoplast as a single highly catenated network. These organisms are generally parasitic and are ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Advances in noninvasive methods of measuring atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis have changed the field of CV epidemiology by providing more precise and useful phenotypes for CVD expression. Technology is constantly changing, requiring new protocols to match the capabilities of new equipment. Under the leadership of D...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The pH-dependent vesicle membrane binding property of chromogranin A appears to be of fundamental physiological importance with regard to the potential roles of chromogranin A in secretory vesicle biogenesis. This is particularly true in segregating secretory vesicle membranes from other membranes in the trans-Golgi ne...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
This acquisition is for the maintenance of an international bone marrow transplant registry (IBMTR). The purpose of the IBMTR is to pool data acquired from national and international transplant centers and to analyze this data in a disciplined and thoroughly tested manner. To date, a data base of over 3,000 recipients ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Polarized epithelial cells line every organ and are of utmost importance for the function of the human body. Central to epithelial cell function is the establishment and maintenance of biochemically and functionally distinct membrane domains, the apical membrane facing the lumen of an organ and the basolateral membrane...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
One of several approaches to the treatment of cancer is the promotion of differentiation of malignant cells into histologically and clinically benign lesions. Malignant cells in human acute and chronic lymphocytic leukemias and lymphomas of B cell origin most frequently exhibit an arrest of maturation as shown, when st...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Changes that may occur in the expression of protein and mRNA for TGF-beta isoforms in response to various disease states and tissue treatments are being investigated using immunohistochemistry and Northern blot techniques. For example, we have found that there are changes in expression of TGF-beta protein in the mouse ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
HL-131: To function as an intact barrier, epithelia must maintain constant cell numbers despite sometimes high rates of turnover. If the rate of cell death exceeds proliferation, epithelial barrier function could become compromised; if it lags behind proliferation, cells could amass into tumors. However, little is know...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Under NCT00025935, we have already screened over 150 patients with depression and have scanned over 35 participants with depression, other conditions, and healthy volunteers. We have analyzed existing data and have already published papers since the start of my tenure here. On the methodological side: we have just comp...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }

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