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Bone loss and fragility from osteoporosis afflict more than 200 million people worldwide, including at least 10 million Americans. Current osteoporosis treatments are significantly deficient: most fail to reverse bone loss and/or have adverse effects that prohibit their long-term use. New therapeutic approaches are urg...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Normal peripheral blood lymphocytes are being evaluated using dual- color flow cytometry to assess lymphocyte phenotypes. The study also compares two cell preparation methods. This study has been extended to include three-color flow cytometry in normal individuals. Evaluation of additional surface antigens and new lymp...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Physical models of vascular systems are being used extensively in our laboratory to study a variety of phenomena related to hemodynamics. During the past year, efforts have been directed to projects in the following categories: (1) a study of intra-arterial drug delivery, using a glass model of the pelvic arteries; (2)...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
DESCRIPTION: (Taken from the investigator s abstract) Premature Ovarian Failure (POF) affects approximately 10 percent of amenorrheic women, and can be devastating because of the young age of onset, the presumed irreversible infertility, and the long-term consequences of estrogen deficiency. Although certain conditions...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Transposition rates of phospholipids in natural membranes will be studied. In addition, the exchangeability of phospholipids in plasma membranes will be investigated. A model for cholesterol absorption from the intestine is under investigation with the intent of testing the hypothesis that transfer of isotopic choleste...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. Primary support for the subproject and the subproject's principal investigator may have been provided by other sources, including other NIH sources. The Total Cost listed for the subproject likely ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Ebola virus disease has emerged as a public health threat of international concern. The objective of this K23 Mentored Patient-Oriented Career Development Award Application is to facilitate the development of essential skills that will allow the principal investigator to become an independent and productive physician-s...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
[unreadable] [unreadable] This investigation will examine immune, inflammatory, coagulation, and lipid disturbances as potential mediators of increased atherosclerosis in HIV-infected women participating in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). Subjects will include 750 HIV-infected and 250 HIV-uninfected women par...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that causes motor neuron degeneration, skeletal muscle atrophy, paralysis and death. Our long term objective is to understand the disease mechanism and develop a cure. At present, the only robust model for typical ALS is mice that express mu...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Methamphetamine (MIETH) is a highly addictive drug of abuse that has also raised concern since in laboratory animals it is neurotoxic to dopamine (DA) terminals. Moreover, recent imaging and postmortem studies in MIETH abusers have documented marked reductions in DA transporters (DAT), which serve as markers of DA term...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The goal of this research project is to investigate the intermolecular interactions and mechanism of electron transfer between cytochrome c and cytochrome oxidase and reductase. Semi-synthetic analogs of cytochrome c will be constructed by combining cyanogen bromide fragments 1-65 and 81-104, prepared from natural cyto...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Latino communities have been disproportionately impacted by the HIV/AIDS epidemic, especially Latino gay and bisexual men and transgender persons (GBT). The stigma towards homosexuality and HIV/AIDS has been proposed as one of the underlying factors leading to unprotected sex, hence, to HIV and AIDS. The stigma towards...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The Toxicology Graduate Program at the University of Arizona has a long-standing reputation for excellence in training Ph.D. scientist. Many of our graduates are now leaders in academia, industry, and government. Current trainees are now selected through a University-wide competition. The graduate program has evolved f...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Breast cancer incidence and mortality are higher in young African American women than in young white women. Little data exist regarding the responses of poor women and women of color to the cancer experience. However, anecdotal information and data from focus groups suggest that these women need information about cance...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Despite continued improvement in the technical aspects of cardiopulmonary bypass procedures, a majority of cardiac surgical patients demonstrate postoperative cognitive deficits and three percent actually suffer frank strokes. Although it is not yet proven, the majority of researchers believe that these deficits are ca...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Although excess lipid accumulation in non-adipose tissues is initially well tolerated, this metabolic excess ultimately causes cell dysfunction and cell death that is linked to the pathogenesis of complications of diabetes and obesity. Using a genetic screen, we discovered that RNASET2, a T2 endoribonuclease, is a crit...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
DESCRIPTION: Human malaria caused by Plasmodium parasites strikes over 200 million people a year, leading to ~1 million deaths a year. This disease is particularly damaging to children, with one child one every minute succumbing to the disease in Africa (World Health Organization). Glucose metabolism is critical to the...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The goal of the Neurodegeneration Training Program (NTP) is to provide rigorous pre-doctoral training in various aspects of neurodegeneration and mechanisms of diseases involving neurodegeneration. An outstanding pool of trainees will combine with world-class faculty to investigate a wide range of neurodegeneration-rel...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
We plan to study the organization and expression of various mammalian polypeptide hormone gene systems: namely insulin; the glycoprotein hormones (chorionic gonadotropin, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, and thyroid stimulating hormone); and the growth hormone related proteins (growth hormone, chorion...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Here we shall test the hypothesis that the retinal rod disk membrane lipid constituents govern visual function through their influences on signaling and amplification processes involving rhodopsin. Emphasis will be placed on the role of the membrane environment in modulating the Meta I-Meta II equilibrium, which is the...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
This research project deals with the photophysics of photodynamic therapy (PDT) utilizing coherent and noncoherent light and it's tissue transport to PDT cancer treatment sites. Our objectives are to quantitate the processes of scatter, reflection, refraction and absorbance in tissue and learn how these principles may ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Modern techniques for the management of recurrent cardiac arrhythmias are frequently based on the results of electrophysiology studies in a cardiac catheterization laboratory. Among the most important yet difficult and time consuming aspects of these studies are the observation and accurate measurement of the timing of...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Califomia State University, Long Beach (CSULB) established an MBRS (Minority Biomedical Research Support) Support of Continuous Research Excellence (SCORE) program on its campus in the fall of 2001 with five Principal Investigators. We now propose to add an additional 13 faculty members as research investigators in a s...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Increasing rates of acquired and transmitted HIV drug resistance threaten to cripple large-scale antiretroviral therapy (ART) rollout and undermine HIV treatment programs in resource-limited settings. Existing drug resistance genotyping approaches are costly and complex, and their use in low- and middle-income nations ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Schizophrenia is an often devastating neuropsychiatric illness whose etiology remains unknown despite considerable study. Genetic factors have been strongly and consistently implicated in its etiology. Currently, there are multiple positive and plausible findings, but no finding currently meets a rigorous but appropria...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The EGF receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed in many human tumors implicating it in the pathogenesis of some cancers. To study regulation of the EGFR gene, the promoter region was isolated and shown to contain many transcription factor binding sites. The expression of the EGF receptor (EGFR) gene is governed by the interac...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
All of our kinetic measurements rely upon access to the corresponding equilibrium behavior of the lipid/water systems under investigation. Thus, temperature-composition (T-C) phase diagram construction is an integral part of our time-resolved studies. A separate ongoing project, concerned with establishing the relation...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Abstract Description: In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an inflammatory stimulus from secreted cytokines increases osteoclast activity, erodes bone surfaces, and progressively destroys joints. Research advances have identified the mechanism of osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption, and provided new medications to arrest d...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Induced collagen expression by hepatic stellate cells (HSC) is the hallmark of alcoholic liver fibrosis. Our laboratory recently demonstrated the potential link between depletion of PPARgamma in HSC and liver fibrogenesis and the reversal of HSC activation with PPARgamma ligands. The trainee will test the hypothesis th...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The integration of diverse cellular signals is critical to the precise spatial and temporal coordination of virtually all biological processes. Among the widely used regulatory mechanisms to achieve signal integration and biological coordination is protein phosphorylation. We have been investigating the role of specifi...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The goal of this project is to develop a collection of components that can be added to standard power wheelchairs to convert them into smart wheelchairs. Wheelchairs equipped with the Smart Wheelchair System will be able to assist users in two distinct ways: as a mobility aid, the system will present users with an imme...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT The need to train the next generation of medical geneticists has never been more urgent. Our biggest challenge in Medicine is to handle the flood of genomic information associated with new methodologies such as next generation sequencing. The overwhelming power of these new technologies is tran...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The goal of this investigation is to study the mechanisms by which endogenous pyrogen acts upon the thermoregulatory centers of the brain to alter the level at which body temperature is regulated - fever. We are interested in the route by which pyrogen enters the brain and whether it acts on neural tissue to produce pr...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Recent evidence suggests that enhancing antibodies (or "factors") are formed during a wide variety of immunological responses, including those occurring in cancer patients, during pregnancy, and in allograft acceptance. Little is known of the specificity or immunochemical nature of serum blocking factors found in these...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
An estimated 600,000 African-Americans have chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, representing 22% of the total infected population in the U.S. Prior studies suggest African-Americans with chronic HCV infection have a lower rate of response to anti-viral therapy than non-Hispanic whites. The difference is, in part...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The goal of the proposed project is to use antibodies recognizing portions of the human Blym oncogene translation product to facilitate its characterization. Synthetic peptides composed of amino acids from the predicted Blym amino acid sequence will be used as immunogens to generate rabbit heterosera and murine monoclo...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Mutations in the RNA-binding protein TDP-43 cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Inclusions enriched in TDP-43 in the cytoplasm of spinal cord neurons in both familial and sporadic ALS are hallmarks of the disease. Two recent yeast genome-wide loss-of-function toxicity suppressor screens revealed the strongest su...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The Neuropathology Core of the UC Davis Alzheimer's Disease Center (UCD ADC) has 3 major goals: (1) to obtain brain autopsies on ADC patients and controls, (2) to accurately diagnose all brain lesions encountered at autopsy in these individuals and transfer information about these diagnoses to the clinical core, and (3...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The primary goal of this study is to conduct a comprehensive investigation of priapism in boys and young men with sickle cell disease (SCD). As such, it represents the initial step toward defining an effective way to manage priapism, and to reduce the frequency of impotence that is its major complication in adult males...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Support is requested for participation in the cooperative clinical trials of the southeastern Cancer Study Group. Phase I studies of new schedules of dosage or new combinations of drugs or new combined modalities. The Group will not engage as a Group in initial toxicity studies of new agents. Phase II studies which may...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
V(D)J recombination constructs the variable regions of immunoglobulin and T cell receptor genes in developing lymphocytes through assembly of component gene fragments. The array of possible combinations for gene assembly is the primary basis for sequence diversity of the antigen binding receptor molecules in the immune...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
This project seeks to identify a central factor driving aging in order to develop targeted interventions to delay the onset or even reverse aging-related pathologies. My preliminary data demonstrate caloric restriction (CR), a proven intervention for increasing lifespan stimulates endogenous production of hydrogen sulf...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Relapse to cocaine use is a major barrier to successful treatment outcome. This research proposes to inititate a program of research for a new investigator interested in preventing relapse in homeless persons with cocaine use (primarily crack cocaine) disorders. It proposes to use ecological momentary assessment techni...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The purpose of this project is development of biostatistical methods and mathematical models appropriate for the analysis of epidemiologic and experimental studies related to cancer control and prevention. Many of the statistical problems being studied under this project are derived from the consultation activities of ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
This project is to determine if synaptic adhesive proteins (SAPs), neuroligins and neurexins mediate the antidepressive effects of sleep-deprivation (SD) and drug treatments. Although some antidepressant drugs are effective treatments for depressive disorders, the efficacy of these treatments remains to be improved. Cu...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The overall goal of this proposal is to test systematically complementary hypotheses about the physiological function of decreased conductance depolarizing potentials in the nervous system. One hypothesis is that decreased conductance depolarizing potentials (DCDPs) are used as a general integrative and modulatory mech...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Mammalian skin and its appendages function as the outermost barrier of the body to protect inner organs from environmental hazards and keep essential fluids within the body. During embryonic development, a single layer of epidermal skin stem cells gives rise to the epidermis, hair follicles (HF) and the sebaceous gland...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Mitochondria comprise approximately 30% of the total intracellular volume of a mammalian cardiomyocyte. Not surprisingly, subtle alterations in mitochondrial function or membrane potential can have a dramatic influence on cardiomyocyte energy production and ultimately, the life or death individual cell. Indeed, cellula...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The physiological effects of cyclic AMP in mammalian tissues are thought to be mediated by the action of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinases. Mechanistic studies are being carried out in our laboratory on bovine cardiac muscle protein kinase, a cyclic AMP-activated enzyme which catalyzes phosphate transfer from ATP to...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The broad goal of this application is to characterize pathways of secretory trafficking in African trypanosomes using endogenous surface proteins (VSG and procyclin) as reporters. Trypanosomes cause disease in humans and livestock, and they avoid host immune responses by changing the expression of VSGs, the major glyco...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The genetics of life threatening diseases offer the possibility of fundamental insights into pathophysiology that can transform diagnosis and management. Genome wide genetic association studies (GWASs) of the past decade have identified DNA sequence genotypic relationships to disease phenotypes, usually without any acc...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) are a key component of the adipose tissue stromal cell population. With obesity, ATMs increase in number in visceral fat and also undergo qualitative changes in their inflammatory activity. ATMs in lean mice are comprised of Type 2 ATMs with low inflammatory capacity that express IL-10...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Dry eye conditions afflict an ever-growing segment of society, are associated with increased ocular morbidity and result in considerable medical expense. The most common cause of dry eye conditions is insufficient aqueous tear production by the lacrimal glands. In several instances (e.g., Sjogren's syndrome), the under...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
ABSTRACT One of the most prominent consequences of aging is the decline of immune function. Quite often, elderly individuals do not respond efficiently to novel or previously encountered antigens. This is exemplified by increased vulnerability of individuals 70 years of age and older to influenza and other infectious p...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The two primary goals of Core C Bioinformatics and Integrative/Comparative Genomics Core are (1) to provide the common computational infrastructure and bioinformatics support for high-throughput, systematic data curation, exchange and translation, and (2) to develop, apply and automate computational integrative/compara...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Glioblastoma mutliforme (GBM) is the most common form of primary brain cancer. Despite aggressive therapies including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, recurrent disease is nearly always fatal. Oncolytic HSV vectors (e.g. G207) have shown some promise in the treatment of GBM however there have been few complete ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
PROJECT SUMMARY Diarrheal disease causes close to one million deaths in children under five each year. Although its incidence is much lower in the more affluent nations, diarrhea remains one of the two most common visits to pediatric emergency rooms and is also common among the institutionalized elderly. NHE3 is a majo...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
DESCRIPTION (Investigator's Abstract) "This is an application to become a participating Clinical Center in the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study (OHTS). The complete details of the OHTS rationale, design, and methods are contained in the OHTS Manual of Procedures. This proposal provides complete documentation of the ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The goals of the MBRS RISE Program at StMU are to 1) increase the number of disadvantaged minority students from StMU who pursue careers in biomedical research at the graduate level or as support personnel 2) increase the number of StMU faculty actively involved in biomedical research on the StMU campus. In order to ac...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Proteins function through their interactions, and the availability of protein interaction networks could help in understanding cellular processes. However, the known structural data are limited and the classical network node-and-edge representation, where proteins are nodes and interactions are edges, shows only which ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Mutations in dysferlin cause muscular dystrophy, and the mechanism by which loss of dysferlin leads to muscular dystrophy is a fundamentally different than other forms of muscular dystrophy. Dysferlin is a membrane-associated protein that participates in vesicle trafficking events. In muscle this includes vesicle movem...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
We shall continue invistigating the mechanism of mutation at the APRT locus in Chinese hamster, mouse, and human cell lines. Analysis of mutants will be done by DNA sequencing, and comparative studies with the mutated proteins. Among mutagenic effects, we are interested in studying the effect of aneuploidizing agents, ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The Office of Research Training and Development (ORTD) serves trainees in Maryland and Montana, including Postdoctoral, Visiting and Clinical Fellows; Medical Students; Postbacs; Graduate Students; and Summer Interns. ORTD creates and conducts programs, seminars, and workshops, along with individual support for career ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The catecholamine neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) functions in neural circuits across phylogeny to modulate both simple and complex behaviors. In humans, DA signaling modulates arousal, cognition, reward, and motor function. Deficits in DA signaling are associated with multiple neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative dis...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The long term objective of this proposal is to gather enough empirical data in order to predict the properties of proteins from their amino acid sequence. This is to be done for a family of small, rigid protein proteinase inhibitors - the avian ovomucoid third domains. The work consists of two phases: production of var...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The projects described in this proposal are designed to evaluate the role of fetal brain tissue transplants in mediating functional recovery from traumatic injuries to the central nervous system. Using behavioral, anatomical and electrophysiological techniques, this project will examine whether: (a) the effectiveness o...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
This is a pilot study to investigate differences in skin blood flow in persons with and without depression. Measurement of skin blood flow, which is under sympathetic control, is postulated to be a means of understanding the linkages between depression and the physiologic processes associated with ischemic heart diseas...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Anticipated Impacts on Veterans Health Care: The proposed project offers a potential solution to strengthening Veterans' self-management of chronic disease conditions through intervention to an easily accessible, self-management tool, the VA's PHR - My HealtheVet that fosters the knowledge and skill-building aspects of...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The specific aims of this proposal are to identify the formyl peptide receptor on alveolar macrophages and to determine its role (initiation, regulation, etc.) in the stimulation of O2- production by these cells. The formyl peptide receptor on the alveolar macrophage has thus far been poorly studied. However, since the...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Although there is no evidence that ZDV or DDI are cures for AIDS or HIV infection, current data suggest that ZDV and DDI may prolong life and decrease infections for some individuals who have AIDS or severe ARC. Participants may derive no specific benefit from being in the study but may be making a valuable contributio...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Abstract Alcohol screening and brief intervention (SBI) is one of the most effective and cost-effective preventive health services, and SBI to address unhealthy use of alcohol and other drugs has been a significant focus of research, policy, and clinical programs in the US. Yet many unanswered research questions remain...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Filariasis is a major public health problem in a number of developing countries, where there are an estimated 100 million cases of the lymphatic form. One of the major problems in the study of filariasis is the lack of an optimal animal model. The overall goal of the proposed research is to increase our understanding o...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The objective of this proposal is a genetic analysis of the regulation and control of meiosis in male Drosophila melanogaster. We are using two systems to analyze this problem; the analysis of mutants which affect chromosome behavior in meiosis and the analysis of the segregation patterns of translocation and compound ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The objective of this program is to understand the genetic control of malignancy in human cancer cells and the mechanisms of malignant transformation by oncogenic viruses through genetic, immunological and biochemical approaches. The backgrounds in somatic cell genetics, tumor virology, immunology, molecular biology an...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
This application requests four years of funding to establish a Conte Center to Develop Collaborative Neuroscience Research. Through the Center, we intend to test a comprehensive, novel hypothesis about the function of sleep - the synaptic homeostasis hypothesis. The hypothesis states that plastic processes during wakef...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Our previous studies indicated that certain pseudo-diploid SS-teratocarcinoma stem cell lines contain two genetically active X-chromosomes as long as they are maintained in the undifferentiated state, and that the cells can undergo X-inactivation when they are allowed to differentiate in vitro. We propose here to furth...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Studies are to be carried out, mostly in vitro, to characterize complicated cellular reactions which lead to inactivation of repressor molecules. These will be based on the biochemical assay procedure which we have recently established. Using permeable and complete in vitro systems, attempts will be made to isolate and...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The major objective of this work is to isolate, purify and determine the structure of the antitumor alkaloids present in Catharanthus roseus, Catharanthus trichophyllus and Rhazya stricta. The Malagasy plant Catharanthus roseus is a well established source of antitumor agents of the dimeric indole alkaloid class. Howev...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
DESCRIPTION:(Adapted from Investigator's abstract): Wegener's granulomatosis is a relapsing vasculitic disease of unknown etiology that carries a severe prognosis and responds poorly to current relatively toxic immunosuppressive therapy. Our working hypothesis is that there is an infectious agent(s) associated with ind...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Major efforts included: (1) Analysis of joint risk of lung cancer from exposure to radon, arsenic and tobacco products; (2) data acquisition from large scale case-control and cohort studies in Gejiu City, China to further quantitate these relationships; (3) analysis-of data on risk of thyroid; cancer following exposure...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Knowledge gained from this study will provide nurses with a means of evaluating the developing mother-preterm infant relationship, and a method to facilitate the development of positive relationships between mothers and their preterm infants. The proposed project will investigate the acquaintance process between mother...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Osteoporosis is an enormous public health problem that contributes to over 1.5 million fractures in the U.S. yearly. Current therapies modestly reduce fracture risk but no agent is able to fully restore skeletal integrity in most patients. Thus, there remains an urgent need for more effective treatments, particularly f...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The utility of intramolecular anodic olefin coupling reactions involving electron-rich aromatic rings for constructing fused, bicyclic ring skeletons has been examined. Reactions involving alkoxysubstituted phenyl rings were found to benefit strongly from a 3-methoxy substituent on the phenyl ring. Although overoxidati...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Adolescent partner violence (APV) is an important social and health problem with potentially dire consequences. Youth exposure to IPV is also a problem, and children from families characterized by IPV, compared to children from nonviolent families, are more likely to act violently toward their own dating partners and s...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Modulation of opioid gene expression is preceded by the transcription of the AP-1 transcription factors in the brain. The AP-1 transcription complex is composed of two families of proteins: c-fos and fos-related antigens (fra) and the 3 jun proteins. These proteins form heterodimers which recognize and bind to the AP-1...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
One challenge facing a postlingually-deafened adult cochlear implant (CI) user is the possibility that there may be a frequency mismatch between the incoming acoustic signal and the characteristic frequency of the neurons stimulated by the implant. While listeners can clearly adapt to frequency mismatches, there is a l...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
This project investigates the neural mechanisms of individual differences in amphetamine effects. Amphetamine has acute euphoric mood and alerting effects. These effects vary between individuals, are stable over time, and appear to be mediated by genetic factors. Recent placebo controlled studies indicate that the pers...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Long term goals of this project are to determine the biotin requires for normal individuals in circumstances in which biotin status may be impaired and to investigate the consequences and pathogenic mechanisms for marginal biotin deficiency. We recently demonstrated that marginal biotin deficiency is common during norm...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Little is known concerning the mechanism of action of the polypeptide hormone relaxin. Since most polypeptide hormones exert their biological effects by binding to specific receptor sites on the cell membranes of target tissues, it is proposed to investigate this initial step in the mechanism of action or relaxin. Ther...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Under auspices of this R01 grant we have cloned the bHLH transcription factors Olig1 and Olig2. We have shown that these proteins regulate diverse functions in central nervous system development including specification of motor neurons and oligodendrocytes. The research described here builds upon progress made in the i...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
APPLICANT'S ABSTRACT: Alcohol abuse among adolescents is a pressing health concern with serious consequences for the drinking youth and society, including juvenile delinquency, school dropout, traffic injuries, and fatalities, violence, suicide, and AIDS risk behaviors. Although the magnitude of the problem has stimula...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
This proposal is a competitive renewal of R01 DK64832 previously titled "Neurocognitive effects of hypoglycemia in T1DM". That grant hypothesized that prior severe hypoglycemia would reduce memory and hippocampal volume in youth with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). In the process of addressing this relatively narrow q...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
We propose to develop synthetic methodology which would be useful in syntheses of chemotherapeutics and to investigate model reactions of important biological processes. In both areas the processes to be studied are based on previous discoveries of new and/or novel chemistry in our laboratories. The use of alpha-hetero...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
To characterize the magnitude and duration of the catecholamine surge in preterm infants at birth and at time intervals until the second day of life.	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
CD36 is a membrane scavenger receptor that recognizes several ligands including native and oxidized lipoproteins and long chain fatty acids. Research supported by this grant has resulted in the identification of CD36 as an important facilitator of long-chain fatty acid uptake by key metabolic tissues. In the last fundi...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The aim of the HERITAGE Family Study is to document the cardiovascular and metabolic responses to endurance training, and the contribution of genetic factors to the concomitant response of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and type 2 diabetes risk factors. In Phase 1 (1992-1997), 855 sedentary subjects from 218 families we...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Infection with herps simplex type 1 induces expression of receptors for C3b on mammalian cells previously devoid of such receptors. We have shown that the isolated glycoprotein responsible for this activity (gC) is a potent modulator of complement-mediated cytolysis in vitro, acting by at least two mechanisms. We have ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The targeting of proteins across or into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the first step in secretion and in the assembly of many membranes. With the exception of SRP, docking protein (SRP receptor) and the signal peptidase, little is known about the components involved or the requirements of this process. This is due...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Atherosclerosis and periodontal disease are both chronic inflammatory diseases. Heliobacter pylori, Streptococcus sanguis, Phyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex virus have been detected in atheroselerotic plaques, suggesting a link between bacterial and viral pathogens and atherogene...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }

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