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3.71k
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25.7k
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int64
0
1
5730e9bfaca1c71400fe5b69
Russian_language
In March 2013 it was announced that Russian is now the second-most used language on the Internet after English. People use the Russian language on 5.9% of all websites, slightly ahead of German and far behind English (54.7%). Russian is used not only on 89.8% of .ru sites, but also on 88.7% of sites with the former Sov...
What is the second-most-popular language online as of 2013?
{ "text": [ "Russian" ], "answer_start": [ 36 ] }
1
5730e9bfaca1c71400fe5b6a
Russian_language
In March 2013 it was announced that Russian is now the second-most used language on the Internet after English. People use the Russian language on 5.9% of all websites, slightly ahead of German and far behind English (54.7%). Russian is used not only on 89.8% of .ru sites, but also on 88.7% of sites with the former Sov...
What percent of all websites are in English?
{ "text": [ "54.7%" ], "answer_start": [ 218 ] }
1
5730e9bfaca1c71400fe5b6b
Russian_language
In March 2013 it was announced that Russian is now the second-most used language on the Internet after English. People use the Russian language on 5.9% of all websites, slightly ahead of German and far behind English (54.7%). Russian is used not only on 89.8% of .ru sites, but also on 88.7% of sites with the former Sov...
What percent of all websites are in Russian?
{ "text": [ "5.9%" ], "answer_start": [ 147 ] }
1
5730e9bfaca1c71400fe5b6c
Russian_language
In March 2013 it was announced that Russian is now the second-most used language on the Internet after English. People use the Russian language on 5.9% of all websites, slightly ahead of German and far behind English (54.7%). Russian is used not only on 89.8% of .ru sites, but also on 88.7% of sites with the former Sov...
What percent of all .ru websites are in Russian?
{ "text": [ "89.8%" ], "answer_start": [ 254 ] }
1
5730e9bfaca1c71400fe5b6d
Russian_language
In March 2013 it was announced that Russian is now the second-most used language on the Internet after English. People use the Russian language on 5.9% of all websites, slightly ahead of German and far behind English (54.7%). Russian is used not only on 89.8% of .ru sites, but also on 88.7% of sites with the former Sov...
What percent of Ukraine's websites are in Russian?
{ "text": [ "79.0%" ], "answer_start": [ 419 ] }
1
5a8639c1b4e223001a8e74eb
Russian_language
In March 2013 it was announced that Russian is now the second-most used language on the Internet after English. People use the Russian language on 5.9% of all websites, slightly ahead of German and far behind English (54.7%). Russian is used not only on 89.8% of .ru sites, but also on 88.7% of sites with the former Sov...
What is Japanese on the internet after English?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a8639c1b4e223001a8e74ec
Russian_language
In March 2013 it was announced that Russian is now the second-most used language on the Internet after English. People use the Russian language on 5.9% of all websites, slightly ahead of German and far behind English (54.7%). Russian is used not only on 89.8% of .ru sites, but also on 88.7% of sites with the former Sov...
What percentage of sites with the .su domain use English?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a8639c1b4e223001a8e74ed
Russian_language
In March 2013 it was announced that Russian is now the second-most used language on the Internet after English. People use the Russian language on 5.9% of all websites, slightly ahead of German and far behind English (54.7%). Russian is used not only on 89.8% of .ru sites, but also on 88.7% of sites with the former Sov...
How many websites in Ukraine use English?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a8639c1b4e223001a8e74ee
Russian_language
In March 2013 it was announced that Russian is now the second-most used language on the Internet after English. People use the Russian language on 5.9% of all websites, slightly ahead of German and far behind English (54.7%). Russian is used not only on 89.8% of .ru sites, but also on 88.7% of sites with the former Sov...
What percentage of websites in Tajikistan use English?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a8639c1b4e223001a8e74ef
Russian_language
In March 2013 it was announced that Russian is now the second-most used language on the Internet after English. People use the Russian language on 5.9% of all websites, slightly ahead of German and far behind English (54.7%). Russian is used not only on 89.8% of .ru sites, but also on 88.7% of sites with the former Sov...
In March 2013 how many people used Japanese on all websites?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5730edfaa5e9cc1400cdbb01
Russian_language
Despite leveling after 1900, especially in matters of vocabulary and phonetics, a number of dialects still exist in Russia. Some linguists divide the dialects of Russian into two primary regional groupings, "Northern" and "Southern", with Moscow lying on the zone of transition between the two. Others divide the languag...
What two regions do some linguists divide Russian into?
{ "text": [ "\"Northern\" and \"Southern\"" ], "answer_start": [ 207 ] }
1
5730edfaa5e9cc1400cdbb02
Russian_language
Despite leveling after 1900, especially in matters of vocabulary and phonetics, a number of dialects still exist in Russia. Some linguists divide the dialects of Russian into two primary regional groupings, "Northern" and "Southern", with Moscow lying on the zone of transition between the two. Others divide the languag...
What three regions do some linguists divide Russian into?
{ "text": [ "Northern, Central (or Middle) and Southern" ], "answer_start": [ 344 ] }
1
5730edfaa5e9cc1400cdbb03
Russian_language
Despite leveling after 1900, especially in matters of vocabulary and phonetics, a number of dialects still exist in Russia. Some linguists divide the dialects of Russian into two primary regional groupings, "Northern" and "Southern", with Moscow lying on the zone of transition between the two. Others divide the languag...
What distinguishes Russian dialects?
{ "text": [ "non-standard features of pronunciation and intonation, vocabulary and grammar" ], "answer_start": [ 802 ] }
1
5a863c46b4e223001a8e74f5
Russian_language
Despite leveling after 1900, especially in matters of vocabulary and phonetics, a number of dialects still exist in Russia. Some linguists divide the dialects of Russian into two primary regional groupings, "Northern" and "Southern", with Moscow lying on the zone of transition between the two. Others divide the languag...
What two groupings are linguists divided into?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a863c46b4e223001a8e74f6
Russian_language
Despite leveling after 1900, especially in matters of vocabulary and phonetics, a number of dialects still exist in Russia. Some linguists divide the dialects of Russian into two primary regional groupings, "Northern" and "Southern", with Moscow lying on the zone of transition between the two. Others divide the languag...
What does Muscovy lie on between the two divisions?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a863c46b4e223001a8e74f7
Russian_language
Despite leveling after 1900, especially in matters of vocabulary and phonetics, a number of dialects still exist in Russia. Some linguists divide the dialects of Russian into two primary regional groupings, "Northern" and "Southern", with Moscow lying on the zone of transition between the two. Others divide the languag...
How many ancient relics were found in Moscow after 1900?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a863c46b4e223001a8e74f8
Russian_language
Despite leveling after 1900, especially in matters of vocabulary and phonetics, a number of dialects still exist in Russia. Some linguists divide the dialects of Russian into two primary regional groupings, "Northern" and "Southern", with Moscow lying on the zone of transition between the two. Others divide the languag...
How many categories of ancient relics are there?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a863c46b4e223001a8e74f9
Russian_language
Despite leveling after 1900, especially in matters of vocabulary and phonetics, a number of dialects still exist in Russia. Some linguists divide the dialects of Russian into two primary regional groupings, "Northern" and "Southern", with Moscow lying on the zone of transition between the two. Others divide the languag...
Why were ancient relics lying in the central region of Russia?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5730ee8905b4da19006bcc58
Russian_language
The Northern Russian dialects and those spoken along the Volga River typically pronounce unstressed /o/ clearly (the phenomenon called okanye/оканье). Besides the absence of vowel reduction, some dialects have high or diphthongal /e~i̯ɛ/ in the place of Proto-Slavic *ě and /o~u̯ɔ/ in stressed closed syllables (as in Uk...
What is okanye?
{ "text": [ "pronounce unstressed /o/ clearly" ], "answer_start": [ 79 ] }
1
5730ee8905b4da19006bcc59
Russian_language
The Northern Russian dialects and those spoken along the Volga River typically pronounce unstressed /o/ clearly (the phenomenon called okanye/оканье). Besides the absence of vowel reduction, some dialects have high or diphthongal /e~i̯ɛ/ in the place of Proto-Slavic *ě and /o~u̯ɔ/ in stressed closed syllables (as in Uk...
What articles are similar to Bulgarian?
{ "text": [ "post-posed definite article -to, -ta, -te" ], "answer_start": [ 412 ] }
1
5730ee8905b4da19006bcc5a
Russian_language
The Northern Russian dialects and those spoken along the Volga River typically pronounce unstressed /o/ clearly (the phenomenon called okanye/оканье). Besides the absence of vowel reduction, some dialects have high or diphthongal /e~i̯ɛ/ in the place of Proto-Slavic *ě and /o~u̯ɔ/ in stressed closed syllables (as in Uk...
What do some Russian dialects do about vowels?
{ "text": [ "absence of vowel reduction" ], "answer_start": [ 163 ] }
1
5730ee8905b4da19006bcc5b
Russian_language
The Northern Russian dialects and those spoken along the Volga River typically pronounce unstressed /o/ clearly (the phenomenon called okanye/оканье). Besides the absence of vowel reduction, some dialects have high or diphthongal /e~i̯ɛ/ in the place of Proto-Slavic *ě and /o~u̯ɔ/ in stressed closed syllables (as in Uk...
What region of dialects is the Volga River area in?
{ "text": [ "Northern Russian" ], "answer_start": [ 4 ] }
1
5a863e3ab4e223001a8e74ff
Russian_language
The Northern Russian dialects and those spoken along the Volga River typically pronounce unstressed /o/ clearly (the phenomenon called okanye/оканье). Besides the absence of vowel reduction, some dialects have high or diphthongal /e~i̯ɛ/ in the place of Proto-Slavic *ě and /o~u̯ɔ/ in stressed closed syllables (as in Uk...
Along what river is Macedonian spoken?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a863e3ab4e223001a8e7500
Russian_language
The Northern Russian dialects and those spoken along the Volga River typically pronounce unstressed /o/ clearly (the phenomenon called okanye/оканье). Besides the absence of vowel reduction, some dialects have high or diphthongal /e~i̯ɛ/ in the place of Proto-Slavic *ě and /o~u̯ɔ/ in stressed closed syllables (as in Uk...
How does Macedonian pronounce unstressed o?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a863e3ab4e223001a8e7501
Russian_language
The Northern Russian dialects and those spoken along the Volga River typically pronounce unstressed /o/ clearly (the phenomenon called okanye/оканье). Besides the absence of vowel reduction, some dialects have high or diphthongal /e~i̯ɛ/ in the place of Proto-Slavic *ě and /o~u̯ɔ/ in stressed closed syllables (as in Uk...
What do some Macedonian dialects do with vowels?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a863e3ab4e223001a8e7502
Russian_language
The Northern Russian dialects and those spoken along the Volga River typically pronounce unstressed /o/ clearly (the phenomenon called okanye/оканье). Besides the absence of vowel reduction, some dialects have high or diphthongal /e~i̯ɛ/ in the place of Proto-Slavic *ě and /o~u̯ɔ/ in stressed closed syllables (as in Uk...
In okanye what does Macedonian have in place of -to, -ta, -te?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a863e3ab4e223001a8e7503
Russian_language
The Northern Russian dialects and those spoken along the Volga River typically pronounce unstressed /o/ clearly (the phenomenon called okanye/оканье). Besides the absence of vowel reduction, some dialects have high or diphthongal /e~i̯ɛ/ in the place of Proto-Slavic *ě and /o~u̯ɔ/ in stressed closed syllables (as in Uk...
What dialects are spoken in Macedonia?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5730eef6a5e9cc1400cdbb07
Russian_language
In the Southern Russian dialects, instances of unstressed /e/ and /a/ following palatalized consonants and preceding a stressed syllable are not reduced to [ɪ] (as occurs in the Moscow dialect), being instead pronounced [a] in such positions (e.g. несли is pronounced [nʲaˈslʲi], not [nʲɪsˈlʲi]) – this is called yakanye...
What is pronounced [a] in Southern Russian?
{ "text": [ "unstressed /e/ and /a/ following palatalized consonants and preceding a stressed syllable" ], "answer_start": [ 47 ] }
1
5730eef6a5e9cc1400cdbb08
Russian_language
In the Southern Russian dialects, instances of unstressed /e/ and /a/ following palatalized consonants and preceding a stressed syllable are not reduced to [ɪ] (as occurs in the Moscow dialect), being instead pronounced [a] in such positions (e.g. несли is pronounced [nʲaˈslʲi], not [nʲɪsˈlʲi]) – this is called yakanye...
What is pronounced [ɪ] in Moscow's dialect?
{ "text": [ "unstressed /e/ and /a/ following palatalized consonants and preceding a stressed syllable" ], "answer_start": [ 47 ] }
1
5730eef6a5e9cc1400cdbb09
Russian_language
In the Southern Russian dialects, instances of unstressed /e/ and /a/ following palatalized consonants and preceding a stressed syllable are not reduced to [ɪ] (as occurs in the Moscow dialect), being instead pronounced [a] in such positions (e.g. несли is pronounced [nʲaˈslʲi], not [nʲɪsˈlʲi]) – this is called yakanye...
What does Southern Russian have a linguistic continuum with?
{ "text": [ "modern Belarusian and some dialects of Ukrainian (Eastern Polesian)" ], "answer_start": [ 823 ] }
1
5a864143b4e223001a8e7509
Russian_language
In the Southern Russian dialects, instances of unstressed /e/ and /a/ following palatalized consonants and preceding a stressed syllable are not reduced to [ɪ] (as occurs in the Moscow dialect), being instead pronounced [a] in such positions (e.g. несли is pronounced [nʲaˈslʲi], not [nʲɪsˈlʲi]) – this is called yakanye...
What is called yakanye in Standard and Northern dialects?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a864143b4e223001a8e750a
Russian_language
In the Southern Russian dialects, instances of unstressed /e/ and /a/ following palatalized consonants and preceding a stressed syllable are not reduced to [ɪ] (as occurs in the Moscow dialect), being instead pronounced [a] in such positions (e.g. несли is pronounced [nʲaˈslʲi], not [nʲɪsˈlʲi]) – this is called yakanye...
What do Standard dialects have a linguistic continuum with?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a864143b4e223001a8e750b
Russian_language
In the Southern Russian dialects, instances of unstressed /e/ and /a/ following palatalized consonants and preceding a stressed syllable are not reduced to [ɪ] (as occurs in the Moscow dialect), being instead pronounced [a] in such positions (e.g. несли is pronounced [nʲaˈslʲi], not [nʲɪsˈlʲi]) – this is called yakanye...
In a semivowel what is unpalatalized?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a864143b4e223001a8e750c
Russian_language
In the Southern Russian dialects, instances of unstressed /e/ and /a/ following palatalized consonants and preceding a stressed syllable are not reduced to [ɪ] (as occurs in the Moscow dialect), being instead pronounced [a] in such positions (e.g. несли is pronounced [nʲaˈslʲi], not [nʲɪsˈlʲi]) – this is called yakanye...
What consonants are included in Belarusian?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a864143b4e223001a8e750d
Russian_language
In the Southern Russian dialects, instances of unstressed /e/ and /a/ following palatalized consonants and preceding a stressed syllable are not reduced to [ɪ] (as occurs in the Moscow dialect), being instead pronounced [a] in such positions (e.g. несли is pronounced [nʲaˈslʲi], not [nʲɪsˈlʲi]) – this is called yakanye...
What do consonants include in Ukranian?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5730f09fa5e9cc1400cdbb13
Russian_language
Among the first to study Russian dialects was Lomonosov in the 18th century. In the 19th, Vladimir Dal compiled the first dictionary that included dialectal vocabulary. Detailed mapping of Russian dialects began at the turn of the 20th century. In modern times, the monumental Dialectological Atlas of the Russian Langua...
Who made the first dialectal Russian dictionary?
{ "text": [ "Vladimir Dal" ], "answer_start": [ 90 ] }
1
5730f09fa5e9cc1400cdbb14
Russian_language
Among the first to study Russian dialects was Lomonosov in the 18th century. In the 19th, Vladimir Dal compiled the first dictionary that included dialectal vocabulary. Detailed mapping of Russian dialects began at the turn of the 20th century. In modern times, the monumental Dialectological Atlas of the Russian Langua...
In what century was the first dialectal Russian dictionary published?
{ "text": [ "19th" ], "answer_start": [ 84 ] }
1
5730f09fa5e9cc1400cdbb15
Russian_language
Among the first to study Russian dialects was Lomonosov in the 18th century. In the 19th, Vladimir Dal compiled the first dictionary that included dialectal vocabulary. Detailed mapping of Russian dialects began at the turn of the 20th century. In modern times, the monumental Dialectological Atlas of the Russian Langua...
When did Lomonosov study Russian dialects?
{ "text": [ "18th century" ], "answer_start": [ 63 ] }
1
5730f09fa5e9cc1400cdbb16
Russian_language
Among the first to study Russian dialects was Lomonosov in the 18th century. In the 19th, Vladimir Dal compiled the first dictionary that included dialectal vocabulary. Detailed mapping of Russian dialects began at the turn of the 20th century. In modern times, the monumental Dialectological Atlas of the Russian Langua...
When were detailed maps of Russian dialects created?
{ "text": [ "turn of the 20th century" ], "answer_start": [ 219 ] }
1
5730f09fa5e9cc1400cdbb17
Russian_language
Among the first to study Russian dialects was Lomonosov in the 18th century. In the 19th, Vladimir Dal compiled the first dictionary that included dialectal vocabulary. Detailed mapping of Russian dialects began at the turn of the 20th century. In modern times, the monumental Dialectological Atlas of the Russian Langua...
How long did it take to compile the Dialectological Atlas of the Russian Language?
{ "text": [ "four decades" ], "answer_start": [ 472 ] }
1
5a8642c0b4e223001a8e7513
Russian_language
Among the first to study Russian dialects was Lomonosov in the 18th century. In the 19th, Vladimir Dal compiled the first dictionary that included dialectal vocabulary. Detailed mapping of Russian dialects began at the turn of the 20th century. In modern times, the monumental Dialectological Atlas of the Russian Langua...
What was created by Lomonosov at the turn of the 20th century?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a8642c0b4e223001a8e7514
Russian_language
Among the first to study Russian dialects was Lomonosov in the 18th century. In the 19th, Vladimir Dal compiled the first dictionary that included dialectal vocabulary. Detailed mapping of Russian dialects began at the turn of the 20th century. In modern times, the monumental Dialectological Atlas of the Russian Langua...
How many volumes of the first dictionary were published in the 18th century?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a8642c0b4e223001a8e7515
Russian_language
Among the first to study Russian dialects was Lomonosov in the 18th century. In the 19th, Vladimir Dal compiled the first dictionary that included dialectal vocabulary. Detailed mapping of Russian dialects began at the turn of the 20th century. In modern times, the monumental Dialectological Atlas of the Russian Langua...
How long did it take for the first dictionary to be published?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a8642c0b4e223001a8e7516
Russian_language
Among the first to study Russian dialects was Lomonosov in the 18th century. In the 19th, Vladimir Dal compiled the first dictionary that included dialectal vocabulary. Detailed mapping of Russian dialects began at the turn of the 20th century. In modern times, the monumental Dialectological Atlas of the Russian Langua...
What kind of vocabulary did Lomonosov create in the 19th century?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a8642c0b4e223001a8e7517
Russian_language
Among the first to study Russian dialects was Lomonosov in the 18th century. In the 19th, Vladimir Dal compiled the first dictionary that included dialectal vocabulary. Detailed mapping of Russian dialects began at the turn of the 20th century. In modern times, the monumental Dialectological Atlas of the Russian Langua...
When did Lomonosov map Russian dialects?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5730f1c3e6313a140071cad6
Russian_language
Older letters of the Russian alphabet include ⟨ѣ⟩, which merged to ⟨е⟩ (/je/ or /ʲe/); ⟨і⟩ and ⟨ѵ⟩, which both merged to ⟨и⟩ (/i/); ⟨ѳ⟩, which merged to ⟨ф⟩ (/f/); ⟨ѫ⟩, which merged to ⟨у⟩ (/u/); ⟨ѭ⟩, which merged to ⟨ю⟩ (/ju/ or /ʲu/); and ⟨ѧ/⟨ѩ⟩⟩, which later were graphically reshaped into ⟨я⟩ and merged phonetically...
What did the old letter ⟨ѣ⟩ become?
{ "text": [ "⟨е⟩" ], "answer_start": [ 67 ] }
1
5730f1c3e6313a140071cad7
Russian_language
Older letters of the Russian alphabet include ⟨ѣ⟩, which merged to ⟨е⟩ (/je/ or /ʲe/); ⟨і⟩ and ⟨ѵ⟩, which both merged to ⟨и⟩ (/i/); ⟨ѳ⟩, which merged to ⟨ф⟩ (/f/); ⟨ѫ⟩, which merged to ⟨у⟩ (/u/); ⟨ѭ⟩, which merged to ⟨ю⟩ (/ju/ or /ʲu/); and ⟨ѧ/⟨ѩ⟩⟩, which later were graphically reshaped into ⟨я⟩ and merged phonetically...
What did the old letters ⟨і⟩ and ⟨ѵ⟩ become?
{ "text": [ "⟨и⟩" ], "answer_start": [ 121 ] }
1
5730f1c3e6313a140071cad8
Russian_language
Older letters of the Russian alphabet include ⟨ѣ⟩, which merged to ⟨е⟩ (/je/ or /ʲe/); ⟨і⟩ and ⟨ѵ⟩, which both merged to ⟨и⟩ (/i/); ⟨ѳ⟩, which merged to ⟨ф⟩ (/f/); ⟨ѫ⟩, which merged to ⟨у⟩ (/u/); ⟨ѭ⟩, which merged to ⟨ю⟩ (/ju/ or /ʲu/); and ⟨ѧ/⟨ѩ⟩⟩, which later were graphically reshaped into ⟨я⟩ and merged phonetically...
What did the old letter ⟨ѳ⟩ become?
{ "text": [ "⟨ф⟩" ], "answer_start": [ 153 ] }
1
5730f1c3e6313a140071cad9
Russian_language
Older letters of the Russian alphabet include ⟨ѣ⟩, which merged to ⟨е⟩ (/je/ or /ʲe/); ⟨і⟩ and ⟨ѵ⟩, which both merged to ⟨и⟩ (/i/); ⟨ѳ⟩, which merged to ⟨ф⟩ (/f/); ⟨ѫ⟩, which merged to ⟨у⟩ (/u/); ⟨ѭ⟩, which merged to ⟨ю⟩ (/ju/ or /ʲu/); and ⟨ѧ/⟨ѩ⟩⟩, which later were graphically reshaped into ⟨я⟩ and merged phonetically...
What did the old letter ⟨ѫ⟩ become?
{ "text": [ "⟨у⟩" ], "answer_start": [ 185 ] }
1
5730f1c3e6313a140071cada
Russian_language
Older letters of the Russian alphabet include ⟨ѣ⟩, which merged to ⟨е⟩ (/je/ or /ʲe/); ⟨і⟩ and ⟨ѵ⟩, which both merged to ⟨и⟩ (/i/); ⟨ѳ⟩, which merged to ⟨ф⟩ (/f/); ⟨ѫ⟩, which merged to ⟨у⟩ (/u/); ⟨ѭ⟩, which merged to ⟨ю⟩ (/ju/ or /ʲu/); and ⟨ѧ/⟨ѩ⟩⟩, which later were graphically reshaped into ⟨я⟩ and merged phonetically...
What did the old letter ⟨ѭ⟩ become?
{ "text": [ "⟨ю⟩" ], "answer_start": [ 217 ] }
1
5a864535b4e223001a8e751d
Russian_language
Older letters of the Russian alphabet include ⟨ѣ⟩, which merged to ⟨е⟩ (/je/ or /ʲe/); ⟨і⟩ and ⟨ѵ⟩, which both merged to ⟨и⟩ (/i/); ⟨ѳ⟩, which merged to ⟨ф⟩ (/f/); ⟨ѫ⟩, which merged to ⟨у⟩ (/u/); ⟨ѭ⟩, which merged to ⟨ю⟩ (/ju/ or /ʲu/); and ⟨ѧ/⟨ѩ⟩⟩, which later were graphically reshaped into ⟨я⟩ and merged phonetically...
What did the ja or a originally indicate the pronunciation of?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a864535b4e223001a8e751e
Russian_language
Older letters of the Russian alphabet include ⟨ѣ⟩, which merged to ⟨е⟩ (/je/ or /ʲe/); ⟨і⟩ and ⟨ѵ⟩, which both merged to ⟨и⟩ (/i/); ⟨ѳ⟩, which merged to ⟨ф⟩ (/f/); ⟨ѫ⟩, which merged to ⟨у⟩ (/u/); ⟨ѭ⟩, which merged to ⟨ю⟩ (/ju/ or /ʲu/); and ⟨ѧ/⟨ѩ⟩⟩, which later were graphically reshaped into ⟨я⟩ and merged phonetically...
What did the r become?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a864535b4e223001a8e751f
Russian_language
Older letters of the Russian alphabet include ⟨ѣ⟩, which merged to ⟨е⟩ (/je/ or /ʲe/); ⟨і⟩ and ⟨ѵ⟩, which both merged to ⟨и⟩ (/i/); ⟨ѳ⟩, which merged to ⟨ф⟩ (/f/); ⟨ѫ⟩, which merged to ⟨у⟩ (/u/); ⟨ѭ⟩, which merged to ⟨ю⟩ (/ju/ or /ʲu/); and ⟨ѧ/⟨ѩ⟩⟩, which later were graphically reshaped into ⟨я⟩ and merged phonetically...
What did the h become phonetically?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a864535b4e223001a8e7520
Russian_language
Older letters of the Russian alphabet include ⟨ѣ⟩, which merged to ⟨е⟩ (/je/ or /ʲe/); ⟨і⟩ and ⟨ѵ⟩, which both merged to ⟨и⟩ (/i/); ⟨ѳ⟩, which merged to ⟨ф⟩ (/f/); ⟨ѫ⟩, which merged to ⟨у⟩ (/u/); ⟨ѭ⟩, which merged to ⟨ю⟩ (/ju/ or /ʲu/); and ⟨ѧ/⟨ѩ⟩⟩, which later were graphically reshaped into ⟨я⟩ and merged phonetically...
The ja or a indicated the pronunciation of a reduced what?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a864535b4e223001a8e7521
Russian_language
Older letters of the Russian alphabet include ⟨ѣ⟩, which merged to ⟨е⟩ (/je/ or /ʲe/); ⟨і⟩ and ⟨ѵ⟩, which both merged to ⟨и⟩ (/i/); ⟨ѳ⟩, which merged to ⟨ф⟩ (/f/); ⟨ѫ⟩, which merged to ⟨у⟩ (/u/); ⟨ѭ⟩, which merged to ⟨ю⟩ (/ju/ or /ʲu/); and ⟨ѧ/⟨ѩ⟩⟩, which later were graphically reshaped into ⟨я⟩ and merged phonetically...
What was ja merged into?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5730f210a5e9cc1400cdbb1d
Russian_language
Because of many technical restrictions in computing and also because of the unavailability of Cyrillic keyboards abroad, Russian is often transliterated using the Latin alphabet. For example, мороз ('frost') is transliterated moroz, and мышь ('mouse'), mysh or myš'. Once commonly used by the majority of those living ou...
What is 'moroz' a transliteration of?
{ "text": [ "мороз" ], "answer_start": [ 192 ] }
1
5730f210a5e9cc1400cdbb1e
Russian_language
Because of many technical restrictions in computing and also because of the unavailability of Cyrillic keyboards abroad, Russian is often transliterated using the Latin alphabet. For example, мороз ('frost') is transliterated moroz, and мышь ('mouse'), mysh or myš'. Once commonly used by the majority of those living ou...
What is 'mysh' a transliteration of?
{ "text": [ "мышь" ], "answer_start": [ 237 ] }
1
5730f210a5e9cc1400cdbb1f
Russian_language
Because of many technical restrictions in computing and also because of the unavailability of Cyrillic keyboards abroad, Russian is often transliterated using the Latin alphabet. For example, мороз ('frost') is transliterated moroz, and мышь ('mouse'), mysh or myš'. Once commonly used by the majority of those living ou...
What font technology has reduced the need for transliteration?
{ "text": [ "Unicode character encoding," ], "answer_start": [ 437 ] }
1
5730f210a5e9cc1400cdbb20
Russian_language
Because of many technical restrictions in computing and also because of the unavailability of Cyrillic keyboards abroad, Russian is often transliterated using the Latin alphabet. For example, мороз ('frost') is transliterated moroz, and мышь ('mouse'), mysh or myš'. Once commonly used by the majority of those living ou...
What does 'moroz' mean?
{ "text": [ "frost" ], "answer_start": [ 200 ] }
1
5730f210a5e9cc1400cdbb21
Russian_language
Because of many technical restrictions in computing and also because of the unavailability of Cyrillic keyboards abroad, Russian is often transliterated using the Latin alphabet. For example, мороз ('frost') is transliterated moroz, and мышь ('mouse'), mysh or myš'. Once commonly used by the majority of those living ou...
What does 'mysh' mean?
{ "text": [ "mouse" ], "answer_start": [ 244 ] }
1
5a864798b4e223001a8e7527
Russian_language
Because of many technical restrictions in computing and also because of the unavailability of Cyrillic keyboards abroad, Russian is often transliterated using the Latin alphabet. For example, мороз ('frost') is transliterated moroz, and мышь ('mouse'), mysh or myš'. Once commonly used by the majority of those living ou...
What kind of restrictions are there on Russian speaking typists?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a864798b4e223001a8e7528
Russian_language
Because of many technical restrictions in computing and also because of the unavailability of Cyrillic keyboards abroad, Russian is often transliterated using the Latin alphabet. For example, мороз ('frost') is transliterated moroz, and мышь ('mouse'), mysh or myš'. Once commonly used by the majority of those living ou...
What coding was created in Russia?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a864798b4e223001a8e7529
Russian_language
Because of many technical restrictions in computing and also because of the unavailability of Cyrillic keyboards abroad, Russian is often transliterated using the Latin alphabet. For example, мороз ('frost') is transliterated moroz, and мышь ('mouse'), mysh or myš'. Once commonly used by the majority of those living ou...
What alphabet is used to transliterate English?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a864798b4e223001a8e752a
Russian_language
Because of many technical restrictions in computing and also because of the unavailability of Cyrillic keyboards abroad, Russian is often transliterated using the Latin alphabet. For example, мороз ('frost') is transliterated moroz, and мышь ('mouse'), mysh or myš'. Once commonly used by the majority of those living ou...
What language was the QWERTY keyboard first programmed to be used in?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a864798b4e223001a8e752b
Russian_language
Because of many technical restrictions in computing and also because of the unavailability of Cyrillic keyboards abroad, Russian is often transliterated using the Latin alphabet. For example, мороз ('frost') is transliterated moroz, and мышь ('mouse'), mysh or myš'. Once commonly used by the majority of those living ou...
What extension fully incorporates the Latin alphabet?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5730f2a1497a881900248a85
Russian_language
The Russian alphabet has many systems of character encoding. KOI8-R was designed by the Soviet government and was intended to serve as the standard encoding. This encoding was and still is widely used in UNIX-like operating systems. Nevertheless, the spread of MS-DOS and OS/2 (IBM866), traditional Macintosh (ISO/IEC 88...
Who created KOI8-R encoding?
{ "text": [ "the Soviet government" ], "answer_start": [ 84 ] }
1
5730f2a1497a881900248a86
Russian_language
The Russian alphabet has many systems of character encoding. KOI8-R was designed by the Soviet government and was intended to serve as the standard encoding. This encoding was and still is widely used in UNIX-like operating systems. Nevertheless, the spread of MS-DOS and OS/2 (IBM866), traditional Macintosh (ISO/IEC 88...
What system used CP1251 encoding?
{ "text": [ "Microsoft Windows" ], "answer_start": [ 330 ] }
1
5730f2a1497a881900248a87
Russian_language
The Russian alphabet has many systems of character encoding. KOI8-R was designed by the Soviet government and was intended to serve as the standard encoding. This encoding was and still is widely used in UNIX-like operating systems. Nevertheless, the spread of MS-DOS and OS/2 (IBM866), traditional Macintosh (ISO/IEC 88...
What systems used IBM866 encoding?
{ "text": [ "MS-DOS and OS/2" ], "answer_start": [ 261 ] }
1
5730f2a1497a881900248a88
Russian_language
The Russian alphabet has many systems of character encoding. KOI8-R was designed by the Soviet government and was intended to serve as the standard encoding. This encoding was and still is widely used in UNIX-like operating systems. Nevertheless, the spread of MS-DOS and OS/2 (IBM866), traditional Macintosh (ISO/IEC 88...
What encoding did early Macs use?
{ "text": [ "ISO/IEC 8859-5" ], "answer_start": [ 310 ] }
1
5730f2a1497a881900248a89
Russian_language
The Russian alphabet has many systems of character encoding. KOI8-R was designed by the Soviet government and was intended to serve as the standard encoding. This encoding was and still is widely used in UNIX-like operating systems. Nevertheless, the spread of MS-DOS and OS/2 (IBM866), traditional Macintosh (ISO/IEC 88...
In what years was CP1251 encoding used in most Russian online usage?
{ "text": [ "1995–2005" ], "answer_start": [ 561 ] }
1
5a864973b4e223001a8e7531
Russian_language
The Russian alphabet has many systems of character encoding. KOI8-R was designed by the Soviet government and was intended to serve as the standard encoding. This encoding was and still is widely used in UNIX-like operating systems. Nevertheless, the spread of MS-DOS and OS/2 (IBM866), traditional Macintosh (ISO/IEC 88...
When was KO18-R designed by Microsoft?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a864973b4e223001a8e7532
Russian_language
The Russian alphabet has many systems of character encoding. KOI8-R was designed by the Soviet government and was intended to serve as the standard encoding. This encoding was and still is widely used in UNIX-like operating systems. Nevertheless, the spread of MS-DOS and OS/2 (IBM866), traditional Macintosh (ISO/IEC 88...
During what period was MS-DOS created?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a864973b4e223001a8e7533
Russian_language
The Russian alphabet has many systems of character encoding. KOI8-R was designed by the Soviet government and was intended to serve as the standard encoding. This encoding was and still is widely used in UNIX-like operating systems. Nevertheless, the spread of MS-DOS and OS/2 (IBM866), traditional Macintosh (ISO/IEC 88...
What adverse event did the creation of K018-R create?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a864973b4e223001a8e7534
Russian_language
The Russian alphabet has many systems of character encoding. KOI8-R was designed by the Soviet government and was intended to serve as the standard encoding. This encoding was and still is widely used in UNIX-like operating systems. Nevertheless, the spread of MS-DOS and OS/2 (IBM866), traditional Macintosh (ISO/IEC 88...
How did the chaos created by the K018-R end?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a864973b4e223001a8e7535
Russian_language
The Russian alphabet has many systems of character encoding. KOI8-R was designed by the Soviet government and was intended to serve as the standard encoding. This encoding was and still is widely used in UNIX-like operating systems. Nevertheless, the spread of MS-DOS and OS/2 (IBM866), traditional Macintosh (ISO/IEC 88...
What did K018-R become a defacto standard in?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5730f30ce6313a140071cae0
Russian_language
According to the Institute of Russian Language of the Russian Academy of Sciences, an optional acute accent (знак ударения) may, and sometimes should, be used to mark stress. For example, it is used to distinguish between otherwise identical words, especially when context does not make it obvious: замо́к/за́мок (lock/c...
What organization is the Institute of Russian Language part of?
{ "text": [ "Russian Academy of Sciences" ], "answer_start": [ 54 ] }
1
5730f30ce6313a140071cae1
Russian_language
According to the Institute of Russian Language of the Russian Academy of Sciences, an optional acute accent (знак ударения) may, and sometimes should, be used to mark stress. For example, it is used to distinguish between otherwise identical words, especially when context does not make it obvious: замо́к/за́мок (lock/c...
What can optional acute accents indicate?
{ "text": [ "stress" ], "answer_start": [ 167 ] }
1
5730f30ce6313a140071cae2
Russian_language
According to the Institute of Russian Language of the Russian Academy of Sciences, an optional acute accent (знак ударения) may, and sometimes should, be used to mark stress. For example, it is used to distinguish between otherwise identical words, especially when context does not make it obvious: замо́к/за́мок (lock/c...
What is distinguished from 'lock' only by an accent, in Russian?
{ "text": [ "castle" ], "answer_start": [ 319 ] }
1
5730f30ce6313a140071cae3
Russian_language
According to the Institute of Russian Language of the Russian Academy of Sciences, an optional acute accent (знак ударения) may, and sometimes should, be used to mark stress. For example, it is used to distinguish between otherwise identical words, especially when context does not make it obvious: замо́к/за́мок (lock/c...
What is distinguished from 'this is odd' only by an accent, in Russian?
{ "text": [ "this is marvelous" ], "answer_start": [ 396 ] }
1
5730f30ce6313a140071cae4
Russian_language
According to the Institute of Russian Language of the Russian Academy of Sciences, an optional acute accent (знак ударения) may, and sometimes should, be used to mark stress. For example, it is used to distinguish between otherwise identical words, especially when context does not make it obvious: замо́к/за́мок (lock/c...
What is distinguished from 'wothwhile' only by an accent, in Russian?
{ "text": [ "standing" ], "answer_start": [ 358 ] }
1
5a864adbb4e223001a8e753b
Russian_language
According to the Institute of Russian Language of the Russian Academy of Sciences, an optional acute accent (знак ударения) may, and sometimes should, be used to mark stress. For example, it is used to distinguish between otherwise identical words, especially when context does not make it obvious: замо́к/за́мок (lock/c...
What organization writes books for Russian learners?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a864adbb4e223001a8e753c
Russian_language
According to the Institute of Russian Language of the Russian Academy of Sciences, an optional acute accent (знак ударения) may, and sometimes should, be used to mark stress. For example, it is used to distinguish between otherwise identical words, especially when context does not make it obvious: замо́к/за́мок (lock/c...
What should be used to teach Russian learners according to the Russian Academy of Sciences?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a864adbb4e223001a8e753d
Russian_language
According to the Institute of Russian Language of the Russian Academy of Sciences, an optional acute accent (знак ударения) may, and sometimes should, be used to mark stress. For example, it is used to distinguish between otherwise identical words, especially when context does not make it obvious: замо́к/за́мок (lock/c...
What do children feel when they are learning Russian?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a864adbb4e223001a8e753e
Russian_language
According to the Institute of Russian Language of the Russian Academy of Sciences, an optional acute accent (знак ударения) may, and sometimes should, be used to mark stress. For example, it is used to distinguish between otherwise identical words, especially when context does not make it obvious: замо́к/за́мок (lock/c...
Where is context mandatory for children and Russian learners?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a864adbb4e223001a8e753f
Russian_language
According to the Institute of Russian Language of the Russian Academy of Sciences, an optional acute accent (знак ударения) may, and sometimes should, be used to mark stress. For example, it is used to distinguish between otherwise identical words, especially when context does not make it obvious: замо́к/за́мок (lock/c...
Where can a Russian learner usually find uncommon words?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5730f38405b4da19006bcc74
Russian_language
The language possesses five vowels (or six, under the St. Petersburg Phonological School), which are written with different letters depending on whether or not the preceding consonant is palatalized. The consonants typically come in plain vs. palatalized pairs, which are traditionally called hard and soft. (The hard co...
Who says Russian has 6 vowels?
{ "text": [ "St. Petersburg Phonological School" ], "answer_start": [ 54 ] }
1
5730f38405b4da19006bcc75
Russian_language
The language possesses five vowels (or six, under the St. Petersburg Phonological School), which are written with different letters depending on whether or not the preceding consonant is palatalized. The consonants typically come in plain vs. palatalized pairs, which are traditionally called hard and soft. (The hard co...
When are Russian vowels written differently?
{ "text": [ "depending on whether or not the preceding consonant is palatalized" ], "answer_start": [ 132 ] }
1
5730f38405b4da19006bcc76
Russian_language
The language possesses five vowels (or six, under the St. Petersburg Phonological School), which are written with different letters depending on whether or not the preceding consonant is palatalized. The consonants typically come in plain vs. palatalized pairs, which are traditionally called hard and soft. (The hard co...
What dialect is standard Russian based on?
{ "text": [ "Moscow dialect" ], "answer_start": [ 432 ] }
1
5730f38405b4da19006bcc77
Russian_language
The language possesses five vowels (or six, under the St. Petersburg Phonological School), which are written with different letters depending on whether or not the preceding consonant is palatalized. The consonants typically come in plain vs. palatalized pairs, which are traditionally called hard and soft. (The hard co...
What language does Russian treat hard consonants similar to?
{ "text": [ "Irish" ], "answer_start": [ 388 ] }
1
5730f38405b4da19006bcc78
Russian_language
The language possesses five vowels (or six, under the St. Petersburg Phonological School), which are written with different letters depending on whether or not the preceding consonant is palatalized. The consonants typically come in plain vs. palatalized pairs, which are traditionally called hard and soft. (The hard co...
What is done to unstressed vowels?
{ "text": [ "reduced to near-close vowels or an unclear schwa" ], "answer_start": [ 580 ] }
1
5a865754b4e223001a8e7545
Russian_language
The language possesses five vowels (or six, under the St. Petersburg Phonological School), which are written with different letters depending on whether or not the preceding consonant is palatalized. The consonants typically come in plain vs. palatalized pairs, which are traditionally called hard and soft. (The hard co...
How many classes are there at the St. Petersburg Phonological School?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a865754b4e223001a8e7546
Russian_language
The language possesses five vowels (or six, under the St. Petersburg Phonological School), which are written with different letters depending on whether or not the preceding consonant is palatalized. The consonants typically come in plain vs. palatalized pairs, which are traditionally called hard and soft. (The hard co...
When are Irish vowels written differently?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a865754b4e223001a8e7547
Russian_language
The language possesses five vowels (or six, under the St. Petersburg Phonological School), which are written with different letters depending on whether or not the preceding consonant is palatalized. The consonants typically come in plain vs. palatalized pairs, which are traditionally called hard and soft. (The hard co...
What pairs do vowels come in, in Irish?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a865754b4e223001a8e7548
Russian_language
The language possesses five vowels (or six, under the St. Petersburg Phonological School), which are written with different letters depending on whether or not the preceding consonant is palatalized. The consonants typically come in plain vs. palatalized pairs, which are traditionally called hard and soft. (The hard co...
What kind of stress is there in the Irish language?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a865754b4e223001a8e7549
Russian_language
The language possesses five vowels (or six, under the St. Petersburg Phonological School), which are written with different letters depending on whether or not the preceding consonant is palatalized. The consonants typically come in plain vs. palatalized pairs, which are traditionally called hard and soft. (The hard co...
What is the variation in pitch in Irish?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5730f3cae6313a140071caea
Russian_language
Russian is notable for its distinction based on palatalization of most of the consonants. While /k/, /ɡ/, /x/ do have palatalized allophones [kʲ, ɡʲ, xʲ], only /kʲ/ might be considered a phoneme, though it is marginal and generally not considered distinctive (the only native minimal pair which argues for /kʲ/ to be a s...
What might /kʲ/ be considered?
{ "text": [ "a phoneme" ], "answer_start": [ 185 ] }
1
5730f3cae6313a140071caeb
Russian_language
Russian is notable for its distinction based on palatalization of most of the consonants. While /k/, /ɡ/, /x/ do have palatalized allophones [kʲ, ɡʲ, xʲ], only /kʲ/ might be considered a phoneme, though it is marginal and generally not considered distinctive (the only native minimal pair which argues for /kʲ/ to be a s...
What is palatalization?
{ "text": [ "the center of the tongue is raised during and after the articulation of the consonant" ], "answer_start": [ 443 ] }
1
5730f3cae6313a140071caec
Russian_language
Russian is notable for its distinction based on palatalization of most of the consonants. While /k/, /ɡ/, /x/ do have palatalized allophones [kʲ, ɡʲ, xʲ], only /kʲ/ might be considered a phoneme, though it is marginal and generally not considered distinctive (the only native minimal pair which argues for /kʲ/ to be a s...
How are 'dental' sounds pronounced?
{ "text": [ "with the tip of the tongue against the teeth rather than against the alveolar ridge" ], "answer_start": [ 708 ] }
1
5a866441b4e223001a8e754f
Russian_language
Russian is notable for its distinction based on palatalization of most of the consonants. While /k/, /ɡ/, /x/ do have palatalized allophones [kʲ, ɡʲ, xʲ], only /kʲ/ might be considered a phoneme, though it is marginal and generally not considered distinctive (the only native minimal pair which argues for /kʲ/ to be a s...
What might r be considered?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a866441b4e223001a8e7550
Russian_language
Russian is notable for its distinction based on palatalization of most of the consonants. While /k/, /ɡ/, /x/ do have palatalized allophones [kʲ, ɡʲ, xʲ], only /kʲ/ might be considered a phoneme, though it is marginal and generally not considered distinctive (the only native minimal pair which argues for /kʲ/ to be a s...
G is considered marginal but not considered what?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0