id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 442
values | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 1 25.7k | answers dict | label int64 0 1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
5a866441b4e223001a8e7551 | Russian_language | Russian is notable for its distinction based on palatalization of most of the consonants. While /k/, /ɡ/, /x/ do have palatalized allophones [kʲ, ɡʲ, xʲ], only /kʲ/ might be considered a phoneme, though it is marginal and generally not considered distinctive (the only native minimal pair which argues for /kʲ/ to be a s... | What is the only minimal pair that shows g is a separate phoneme? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5a866441b4e223001a8e7552 | Russian_language | Russian is notable for its distinction based on palatalization of most of the consonants. While /k/, /ɡ/, /x/ do have palatalized allophones [kʲ, ɡʲ, xʲ], only /kʲ/ might be considered a phoneme, though it is marginal and generally not considered distinctive (the only native minimal pair which argues for /kʲ/ to be a s... | What does allophone mean? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5a866441b4e223001a8e7553 | Russian_language | Russian is notable for its distinction based on palatalization of most of the consonants. While /k/, /ɡ/, /x/ do have palatalized allophones [kʲ, ɡʲ, xʲ], only /kʲ/ might be considered a phoneme, though it is marginal and generally not considered distinctive (the only native minimal pair which argues for /kʲ/ to be a s... | What does the tongue produce with g and x? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5730f434497a881900248a99 | Russian_language | Judging by the historical records, by approximately 1000 AD the predominant ethnic group over much of modern European Russia, Ukraine and Belarus was the Eastern branch of the Slavs, speaking a closely related group of dialects. The political unification of this region into Kievan Rus' in about 880, from which modern R... | When did Eastern Slavs become the dominant group in the area of Ukraine? | {
"text": [
"approximately 1000 AD"
],
"answer_start": [
38
]
} | 1 |
5730f434497a881900248a9a | Russian_language | Judging by the historical records, by approximately 1000 AD the predominant ethnic group over much of modern European Russia, Ukraine and Belarus was the Eastern branch of the Slavs, speaking a closely related group of dialects. The political unification of this region into Kievan Rus' in about 880, from which modern R... | When was Kievan Rus' formed? | {
"text": [
"about 880"
],
"answer_start": [
290
]
} | 1 |
5730f434497a881900248a9b | Russian_language | Judging by the historical records, by approximately 1000 AD the predominant ethnic group over much of modern European Russia, Ukraine and Belarus was the Eastern branch of the Slavs, speaking a closely related group of dialects. The political unification of this region into Kievan Rus' in about 880, from which modern R... | What countries did Kievan Rus' become? | {
"text": [
"modern Russia, Ukraine and Belarus"
],
"answer_start": [
312
]
} | 1 |
5730f434497a881900248a9c | Russian_language | Judging by the historical records, by approximately 1000 AD the predominant ethnic group over much of modern European Russia, Ukraine and Belarus was the Eastern branch of the Slavs, speaking a closely related group of dialects. The political unification of this region into Kievan Rus' in about 880, from which modern R... | What was the main language in Kievan Rus'? | {
"text": [
"Old East Slavic"
],
"answer_start": [
380
]
} | 1 |
5730f434497a881900248a9d | Russian_language | Judging by the historical records, by approximately 1000 AD the predominant ethnic group over much of modern European Russia, Ukraine and Belarus was the Eastern branch of the Slavs, speaking a closely related group of dialects. The political unification of this region into Kievan Rus' in about 880, from which modern R... | When did Kievan Rus' adopt Christianity? | {
"text": [
"988"
],
"answer_start": [
491
]
} | 1 |
5a8665b0b4e223001a8e7559 | Russian_language | Judging by the historical records, by approximately 1000 AD the predominant ethnic group over much of modern European Russia, Ukraine and Belarus was the Eastern branch of the Slavs, speaking a closely related group of dialects. The political unification of this region into Kievan Rus' in about 880, from which modern R... | What group of dialects did Christians speak in 1000 AD? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5a8665b0b4e223001a8e755a | Russian_language | Judging by the historical records, by approximately 1000 AD the predominant ethnic group over much of modern European Russia, Ukraine and Belarus was the Eastern branch of the Slavs, speaking a closely related group of dialects. The political unification of this region into Kievan Rus' in about 880, from which modern R... | When was Byzantine Greek formed? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5a8665b0b4e223001a8e755b | Russian_language | Judging by the historical records, by approximately 1000 AD the predominant ethnic group over much of modern European Russia, Ukraine and Belarus was the Eastern branch of the Slavs, speaking a closely related group of dialects. The political unification of this region into Kievan Rus' in about 880, from which modern R... | When were historic records first kept? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5a8665b0b4e223001a8e755c | Russian_language | Judging by the historical records, by approximately 1000 AD the predominant ethnic group over much of modern European Russia, Ukraine and Belarus was the Eastern branch of the Slavs, speaking a closely related group of dialects. The political unification of this region into Kievan Rus' in about 880, from which modern R... | What commercial language was adopted by Christians in 880? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5a8665b0b4e223001a8e755d | Russian_language | Judging by the historical records, by approximately 1000 AD the predominant ethnic group over much of modern European Russia, Ukraine and Belarus was the Eastern branch of the Slavs, speaking a closely related group of dialects. The political unification of this region into Kievan Rus' in about 880, from which modern R... | What countries trace their origins to Greece? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5730f49b05b4da19006bcc88 | Russian_language | The political reforms of Peter the Great (Пётр Вели́кий, Pyótr Velíkiy) were accompanied by a reform of the alphabet, and achieved their goal of secularization and Westernization. Blocks of specialized vocabulary were adopted from the languages of Western Europe. By 1800, a significant portion of the gentry spoke Frenc... | Where did Russian get specialized vocabulary from? | {
"text": [
"the languages of Western Europe"
],
"answer_start": [
231
]
} | 1 |
5730f49b05b4da19006bcc89 | Russian_language | The political reforms of Peter the Great (Пётр Вели́кий, Pyótr Velíkiy) were accompanied by a reform of the alphabet, and achieved their goal of secularization and Westernization. Blocks of specialized vocabulary were adopted from the languages of Western Europe. By 1800, a significant portion of the gentry spoke Frenc... | What second language was common among Russian nobles by 1800? | {
"text": [
"French"
],
"answer_start": [
315
]
} | 1 |
5730f49b05b4da19006bcc8a | Russian_language | The political reforms of Peter the Great (Пётр Вели́кий, Pyótr Velíkiy) were accompanied by a reform of the alphabet, and achieved their goal of secularization and Westernization. Blocks of specialized vocabulary were adopted from the languages of Western Europe. By 1800, a significant portion of the gentry spoke Frenc... | What third language was common among Russian nobles by 1800? | {
"text": [
"German"
],
"answer_start": [
333
]
} | 1 |
5730f49b05b4da19006bcc8b | Russian_language | The political reforms of Peter the Great (Пётр Вели́кий, Pyótr Velíkiy) were accompanied by a reform of the alphabet, and achieved their goal of secularization and Westernization. Blocks of specialized vocabulary were adopted from the languages of Western Europe. By 1800, a significant portion of the gentry spoke Frenc... | Who wrote 'War and Peace'? | {
"text": [
"Leo Tolstoy"
],
"answer_start": [
397
]
} | 1 |
5730f49b05b4da19006bcc8c | Russian_language | The political reforms of Peter the Great (Пётр Вели́кий, Pyótr Velíkiy) were accompanied by a reform of the alphabet, and achieved their goal of secularization and Westernization. Blocks of specialized vocabulary were adopted from the languages of Western Europe. By 1800, a significant portion of the gentry spoke Frenc... | What language often appeared in Russian novels without translation? | {
"text": [
"French"
],
"answer_start": [
485
]
} | 1 |
5a8666a6b4e223001a8e7563 | Russian_language | The political reforms of Peter the Great (Пётр Вели́кий, Pyótr Velíkiy) were accompanied by a reform of the alphabet, and achieved their goal of secularization and Westernization. Blocks of specialized vocabulary were adopted from the languages of Western Europe. By 1800, a significant portion of the gentry spoke Frenc... | In what year did Peter the Great come to power? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5a8666a6b4e223001a8e7564 | Russian_language | The political reforms of Peter the Great (Пётр Вели́кий, Pyótr Velíkiy) were accompanied by a reform of the alphabet, and achieved their goal of secularization and Westernization. Blocks of specialized vocabulary were adopted from the languages of Western Europe. By 1800, a significant portion of the gentry spoke Frenc... | What did Peter the Great write in 1800? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5a8666a6b4e223001a8e7565 | Russian_language | The political reforms of Peter the Great (Пётр Вели́кий, Pyótr Velíkiy) were accompanied by a reform of the alphabet, and achieved their goal of secularization and Westernization. Blocks of specialized vocabulary were adopted from the languages of Western Europe. By 1800, a significant portion of the gentry spoke Frenc... | What was Peter the Great's goal for writing War and Peace? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5a8666a6b4e223001a8e7566 | Russian_language | The political reforms of Peter the Great (Пётр Вели́кий, Pyótr Velíkiy) were accompanied by a reform of the alphabet, and achieved their goal of secularization and Westernization. Blocks of specialized vocabulary were adopted from the languages of Western Europe. By 1800, a significant portion of the gentry spoke Frenc... | How many Germans immigrated to France in 1800? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5a8666a6b4e223001a8e7567 | Russian_language | The political reforms of Peter the Great (Пётр Вели́кий, Pyótr Velíkiy) were accompanied by a reform of the alphabet, and achieved their goal of secularization and Westernization. Blocks of specialized vocabulary were adopted from the languages of Western Europe. By 1800, a significant portion of the gentry spoke Frenc... | What did Tolstoy write to reform Germany? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5730f4ede6313a140071caf0 | Russian_language | The modern literary language is usually considered to date from the time of Alexander Pushkin (Алекса́ндр Пу́шкин) in the first third of the 19th century. Pushkin revolutionized Russian literature by rejecting archaic grammar and vocabulary (so-called "высо́кий стиль" — "high style") in favor of grammar and vocabulary ... | Who revolutionized modern Russian? | {
"text": [
"Alexander Pushkin"
],
"answer_start": [
76
]
} | 1 |
5730f4ede6313a140071caf1 | Russian_language | The modern literary language is usually considered to date from the time of Alexander Pushkin (Алекса́ндр Пу́шкин) in the first third of the 19th century. Pushkin revolutionized Russian literature by rejecting archaic grammar and vocabulary (so-called "высо́кий стиль" — "high style") in favor of grammar and vocabulary ... | What did Pushkin reject from older Russian? | {
"text": [
"archaic grammar and vocabulary"
],
"answer_start": [
210
]
} | 1 |
5730f4ede6313a140071caf2 | Russian_language | The modern literary language is usually considered to date from the time of Alexander Pushkin (Алекса́ндр Пу́шкин) in the first third of the 19th century. Pushkin revolutionized Russian literature by rejecting archaic grammar and vocabulary (so-called "высо́кий стиль" — "high style") in favor of grammar and vocabulary ... | What was 'high style'? | {
"text": [
"archaic grammar and vocabulary"
],
"answer_start": [
210
]
} | 1 |
5730f4ede6313a140071caf3 | Russian_language | The modern literary language is usually considered to date from the time of Alexander Pushkin (Алекса́ндр Пу́шкин) in the first third of the 19th century. Pushkin revolutionized Russian literature by rejecting archaic grammar and vocabulary (so-called "высо́кий стиль" — "high style") in favor of grammar and vocabulary ... | What happened to some expressions in Pushkin's writing? | {
"text": [
"became proverbs or sayings which can be frequently found even in modern Russian colloquial speech"
],
"answer_start": [
786
]
} | 1 |
5a86678e1d3cee001a6a1012 | Russian_language | The modern literary language is usually considered to date from the time of Alexander Pushkin (Алекса́ндр Пу́шкин) in the first third of the 19th century. Pushkin revolutionized Russian literature by rejecting archaic grammar and vocabulary (so-called "высо́кий стиль" — "high style") in favor of grammar and vocabulary ... | What dates from the time of Lermontov? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5a86678e1d3cee001a6a1013 | Russian_language | The modern literary language is usually considered to date from the time of Alexander Pushkin (Алекса́ндр Пу́шкин) in the first third of the 19th century. Pushkin revolutionized Russian literature by rejecting archaic grammar and vocabulary (so-called "высо́кий стиль" — "high style") in favor of grammar and vocabulary ... | How did Lermontov revolutionize Russian literature? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5a86678e1d3cee001a6a1014 | Russian_language | The modern literary language is usually considered to date from the time of Alexander Pushkin (Алекса́ндр Пу́шкин) in the first third of the 19th century. Pushkin revolutionized Russian literature by rejecting archaic grammar and vocabulary (so-called "высо́кий стиль" — "high style") in favor of grammar and vocabulary ... | What did Lermontov favor instead of archaic grammar and vocabulary? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5a86678e1d3cee001a6a1015 | Russian_language | The modern literary language is usually considered to date from the time of Alexander Pushkin (Алекса́ндр Пу́шкин) in the first third of the 19th century. Pushkin revolutionized Russian literature by rejecting archaic grammar and vocabulary (so-called "высо́кий стиль" — "high style") in favor of grammar and vocabulary ... | What kind of difficulties did Gogol have when reading Lermontov's texts? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5a86678e1d3cee001a6a1016 | Russian_language | The modern literary language is usually considered to date from the time of Alexander Pushkin (Алекса́ндр Пу́шкин) in the first third of the 19th century. Pushkin revolutionized Russian literature by rejecting archaic grammar and vocabulary (so-called "высо́кий стиль" — "high style") in favor of grammar and vocabulary ... | How many words used by Lermontov have become archaic? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5730f53c05b4da19006bcc92 | Russian_language | During the Soviet period, the policy toward the languages of the various other ethnic groups fluctuated in practice. Though each of the constituent republics had its own official language, the unifying role and superior status was reserved for Russian, although it was declared the official language only in 1990. Follow... | When did the USSR dissolve? | {
"text": [
"1991"
],
"answer_start": [
352
]
} | 1 |
5730f53c05b4da19006bcc93 | Russian_language | During the Soviet period, the policy toward the languages of the various other ethnic groups fluctuated in practice. Though each of the constituent republics had its own official language, the unifying role and superior status was reserved for Russian, although it was declared the official language only in 1990. Follow... | When did the USSR make Russian the official language? | {
"text": [
"1990"
],
"answer_start": [
308
]
} | 1 |
5730f53c05b4da19006bcc94 | Russian_language | During the Soviet period, the policy toward the languages of the various other ethnic groups fluctuated in practice. Though each of the constituent republics had its own official language, the unifying role and superior status was reserved for Russian, although it was declared the official language only in 1990. Follow... | What unofficial status did Russian have in the USSR before 1990? | {
"text": [
"the unifying role and superior status"
],
"answer_start": [
189
]
} | 1 |
5a866b601d3cee001a6a101c | Russian_language | During the Soviet period, the policy toward the languages of the various other ethnic groups fluctuated in practice. Though each of the constituent republics had its own official language, the unifying role and superior status was reserved for Russian, although it was declared the official language only in 1990. Follow... | What was declared the official language of constituent republics in 1991? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5a866b601d3cee001a6a101d | Russian_language | During the Soviet period, the policy toward the languages of the various other ethnic groups fluctuated in practice. Though each of the constituent republics had its own official language, the unifying role and superior status was reserved for Russian, although it was declared the official language only in 1990. Follow... | What policy fluctuated in practice in 1991? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5a866b601d3cee001a6a101e | Russian_language | During the Soviet period, the policy toward the languages of the various other ethnic groups fluctuated in practice. Though each of the constituent republics had its own official language, the unifying role and superior status was reserved for Russian, although it was declared the official language only in 1990. Follow... | In what year did other ethnic groups discourage native language? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5a866b601d3cee001a6a101f | Russian_language | During the Soviet period, the policy toward the languages of the various other ethnic groups fluctuated in practice. Though each of the constituent republics had its own official language, the unifying role and superior status was reserved for Russian, although it was declared the official language only in 1990. Follow... | In what year did constituent republics not have an official language? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5a866b601d3cee001a6a1020 | Russian_language | During the Soviet period, the policy toward the languages of the various other ethnic groups fluctuated in practice. Though each of the constituent republics had its own official language, the unifying role and superior status was reserved for Russian, although it was declared the official language only in 1990. Follow... | What was the national discourse about in 1990? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5730f5bda5e9cc1400cdbb45 | Russian_language | According to figures published in 2006 in the journal "Demoskop Weekly" research deputy director of Research Center for Sociological Research of the Ministry of Education and Science (Russia) Arefyev A. L., the Russian language is gradually losing its position in the world in general, and in Russia in particular. In 20... | What department is the Research Center for Sociological Research part of? | {
"text": [
"Ministry of Education and Science (Russia)"
],
"answer_start": [
149
]
} | 1 |
5730f5bda5e9cc1400cdbb46 | Russian_language | According to figures published in 2006 in the journal "Demoskop Weekly" research deputy director of Research Center for Sociological Research of the Ministry of Education and Science (Russia) Arefyev A. L., the Russian language is gradually losing its position in the world in general, and in Russia in particular. In 20... | Who wrote "Russian language at the turn of the 20th-21st centuries"? | {
"text": [
"A. L. Arefyev"
],
"answer_start": [
324
]
} | 1 |
5730f5bda5e9cc1400cdbb47 | Russian_language | According to figures published in 2006 in the journal "Demoskop Weekly" research deputy director of Research Center for Sociological Research of the Ministry of Education and Science (Russia) Arefyev A. L., the Russian language is gradually losing its position in the world in general, and in Russia in particular. In 20... | When was "Russian language at the turn of the 20th-21st centuries" published? | {
"text": [
"2012"
],
"answer_start": [
318
]
} | 1 |
5730f5bda5e9cc1400cdbb48 | Russian_language | According to figures published in 2006 in the journal "Demoskop Weekly" research deputy director of Research Center for Sociological Research of the Ministry of Education and Science (Russia) Arefyev A. L., the Russian language is gradually losing its position in the world in general, and in Russia in particular. In 20... | What does Arefyev say is happening to Russian? | {
"text": [
"In the countries of the former Soviet Union the Russian language is gradually being replaced by local languages."
],
"answer_start": [
608
]
} | 1 |
5a866d281d3cee001a6a1026 | Russian_language | According to figures published in 2006 in the journal "Demoskop Weekly" research deputy director of Research Center for Sociological Research of the Ministry of Education and Science (Russia) Arefyev A. L., the Russian language is gradually losing its position in the world in general, and in Russia in particular. In 20... | What study was published in 2006? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5a866d281d3cee001a6a1027 | Russian_language | According to figures published in 2006 in the journal "Demoskop Weekly" research deputy director of Research Center for Sociological Research of the Ministry of Education and Science (Russia) Arefyev A. L., the Russian language is gradually losing its position in the world in general, and in Russia in particular. In 20... | In what year did A. L. Arefyev work for Demoskop Weekly? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5a866d281d3cee001a6a1028 | Russian_language | According to figures published in 2006 in the journal "Demoskop Weekly" research deputy director of Research Center for Sociological Research of the Ministry of Education and Science (Russia) Arefyev A. L., the Russian language is gradually losing its position in the world in general, and in Russia in particular. In 20... | What are local languages losing in general? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5a866d281d3cee001a6a1029 | Russian_language | According to figures published in 2006 in the journal "Demoskop Weekly" research deputy director of Research Center for Sociological Research of the Ministry of Education and Science (Russia) Arefyev A. L., the Russian language is gradually losing its position in the world in general, and in Russia in particular. In 20... | What department is Demoskop Weekly a part of in Russia? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5a866d281d3cee001a6a102a | Russian_language | According to figures published in 2006 in the journal "Demoskop Weekly" research deputy director of Research Center for Sociological Research of the Ministry of Education and Science (Russia) Arefyev A. L., the Russian language is gradually losing its position in the world in general, and in Russia in particular. In 20... | What has A. L. Arefyev's position been at Demoskop Weekly since 2012? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5730bbbb8ab72b1400f9c732 | United_States_Air_Force | The United States Air Force (USAF) is the aerial warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the seven American uniformed services. Initially part of the United States Army, the USAF was formed as a separate branch of the military on 18 September 1947 under the National Security Act of 1947. It ... | What is the USAF? | {
"text": [
"the aerial warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces"
],
"answer_start": [
38
]
} | 1 |
5730bbbb8ab72b1400f9c733 | United_States_Air_Force | The United States Air Force (USAF) is the aerial warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the seven American uniformed services. Initially part of the United States Army, the USAF was formed as a separate branch of the military on 18 September 1947 under the National Security Act of 1947. It ... | How many uniformed services are there in the United States? | {
"text": [
"seven"
],
"answer_start": [
121
]
} | 1 |
5730bbbb8ab72b1400f9c734 | United_States_Air_Force | The United States Air Force (USAF) is the aerial warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the seven American uniformed services. Initially part of the United States Army, the USAF was formed as a separate branch of the military on 18 September 1947 under the National Security Act of 1947. It ... | When did the USAF split from the US Army? | {
"text": [
"18 September 1947"
],
"answer_start": [
258
]
} | 1 |
5730bbbb8ab72b1400f9c735 | United_States_Air_Force | The United States Air Force (USAF) is the aerial warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the seven American uniformed services. Initially part of the United States Army, the USAF was formed as a separate branch of the military on 18 September 1947 under the National Security Act of 1947. It ... | What act formed the USAF? | {
"text": [
"National Security Act of 1947"
],
"answer_start": [
286
]
} | 1 |
5730bbbb8ab72b1400f9c736 | United_States_Air_Force | The United States Air Force (USAF) is the aerial warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the seven American uniformed services. Initially part of the United States Army, the USAF was formed as a separate branch of the military on 18 September 1947 under the National Security Act of 1947. It ... | What is one of the functions of the USAF? | {
"text": [
"Nuclear Deterrence Operations"
],
"answer_start": [
508
]
} | 1 |
5730be5f8ab72b1400f9c75a | United_States_Air_Force | The U.S. Air Force is a military service organized within the Department of the Air Force, one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense. The Air Force is headed by the civilian Secretary of the Air Force, who reports to the Secretary of Defense, and is appointed by the President with Senate confir... | How many departments are there in the Department of Defense? | {
"text": [
"three"
],
"answer_start": [
102
]
} | 1 |
5730be5f8ab72b1400f9c75b | United_States_Air_Force | The U.S. Air Force is a military service organized within the Department of the Air Force, one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense. The Air Force is headed by the civilian Secretary of the Air Force, who reports to the Secretary of Defense, and is appointed by the President with Senate confir... | Who does the Secretary of the Air Force currently report to? | {
"text": [
"Secretary of Defense"
],
"answer_start": [
246
]
} | 1 |
5730be5f8ab72b1400f9c75c | United_States_Air_Force | The U.S. Air Force is a military service organized within the Department of the Air Force, one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense. The Air Force is headed by the civilian Secretary of the Air Force, who reports to the Secretary of Defense, and is appointed by the President with Senate confir... | What branch of the government must confirm the President's appointment of the Secretary of the Air Force? | {
"text": [
"Senate"
],
"answer_start": [
307
]
} | 1 |
5730be5f8ab72b1400f9c75d | United_States_Air_Force | The U.S. Air Force is a military service organized within the Department of the Air Force, one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense. The Air Force is headed by the civilian Secretary of the Air Force, who reports to the Secretary of Defense, and is appointed by the President with Senate confir... | Who serves as a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff? | {
"text": [
"Chief of Staff of the Air Force"
],
"answer_start": [
407
]
} | 1 |
5730be5f8ab72b1400f9c75e | United_States_Air_Force | The U.S. Air Force is a military service organized within the Department of the Air Force, one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense. The Air Force is headed by the civilian Secretary of the Air Force, who reports to the Secretary of Defense, and is appointed by the President with Senate confir... | Who assigns combat missions to the Air Force? | {
"text": [
"Secretary of Defense"
],
"answer_start": [
611
]
} | 1 |
5730c872aca1c71400fe5ab1 | United_States_Air_Force | Recently, the Air Force refined its understanding of the core duties and responsibilities it performs as a Military Service Branch, streamlining what previously were six distinctive capabilities and seventeen operational functions into twelve core functions to be used across the doctrine, organization, training, equipm... | How many core functions did the Air Force reduce its duties down to recently? | {
"text": [
"twelve"
],
"answer_start": [
236
]
} | 1 |
5730c872aca1c71400fe5ab2 | United_States_Air_Force | Recently, the Air Force refined its understanding of the core duties and responsibilities it performs as a Military Service Branch, streamlining what previously were six distinctive capabilities and seventeen operational functions into twelve core functions to be used across the doctrine, organization, training, equipm... | What do these core functions of the Air Force express? | {
"text": [
"contribute to national security"
],
"answer_start": [
493
]
} | 1 |
5730c872aca1c71400fe5ab3 | United_States_Air_Force | Recently, the Air Force refined its understanding of the core duties and responsibilities it performs as a Military Service Branch, streamlining what previously were six distinctive capabilities and seventeen operational functions into twelve core functions to be used across the doctrine, organization, training, equipm... | What are not considered doctrinal constructs of the Air Force? | {
"text": [
"core functions"
],
"answer_start": [
657
]
} | 1 |
5730c9a4f6cb411900e244a6 | United_States_Air_Force | Assure/Dissuade/Deter is a mission set derived from the Air Force's readiness to carry out the nuclear strike operations mission as well as from specific actions taken to assure allies as a part of extended deterrence. Dissuading others from acquiring or proliferating WMD, and the means to deliver them, contributes to ... | What is the mission set of the Air Force called that includes nuclear strike operations? | {
"text": [
"Assure/Dissuade/Deter"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} | 1 |
5730c9a4f6cb411900e244a7 | United_States_Air_Force | Assure/Dissuade/Deter is a mission set derived from the Air Force's readiness to carry out the nuclear strike operations mission as well as from specific actions taken to assure allies as a part of extended deterrence. Dissuading others from acquiring or proliferating WMD, and the means to deliver them, contributes to ... | How does the Air Force promote security to its allies? | {
"text": [
"Dissuading others from acquiring or proliferating WMD"
],
"answer_start": [
219
]
} | 1 |
5730c9a4f6cb411900e244a8 | United_States_Air_Force | Assure/Dissuade/Deter is a mission set derived from the Air Force's readiness to carry out the nuclear strike operations mission as well as from specific actions taken to assure allies as a part of extended deterrence. Dissuading others from acquiring or proliferating WMD, and the means to deliver them, contributes to ... | What do potential adversaries threaten that the US Air Force prevents? | {
"text": [
"US national security"
],
"answer_start": [
762
]
} | 1 |
5730c9a4f6cb411900e244a9 | United_States_Air_Force | Assure/Dissuade/Deter is a mission set derived from the Air Force's readiness to carry out the nuclear strike operations mission as well as from specific actions taken to assure allies as a part of extended deterrence. Dissuading others from acquiring or proliferating WMD, and the means to deliver them, contributes to ... | What is the US Air Force prepared to do to support its allies? | {
"text": [
"carry out the nuclear strike operations mission"
],
"answer_start": [
81
]
} | 1 |
5730cac0b7151e1900c01540 | United_States_Air_Force | Nuclear strike is the ability of nuclear forces to rapidly and accurately strike targets which the enemy holds dear in a devastating manner. If a crisis occurs, rapid generation and, if necessary, deployment of nuclear strike capabilities will demonstrate US resolve and may prompt an adversary to alter the course of ac... | What is the definition of a nuclear strike? | {
"text": [
"the ability of nuclear forces to rapidly and accurately strike targets"
],
"answer_start": [
18
]
} | 1 |
5730cac0b7151e1900c01541 | United_States_Air_Force | Nuclear strike is the ability of nuclear forces to rapidly and accurately strike targets which the enemy holds dear in a devastating manner. If a crisis occurs, rapid generation and, if necessary, deployment of nuclear strike capabilities will demonstrate US resolve and may prompt an adversary to alter the course of ac... | What action by the US Air Force would deter adversaries from threatening US Security? | {
"text": [
"deployment of nuclear strike capabilities"
],
"answer_start": [
197
]
} | 1 |
5730cac0b7151e1900c01542 | United_States_Air_Force | Nuclear strike is the ability of nuclear forces to rapidly and accurately strike targets which the enemy holds dear in a devastating manner. If a crisis occurs, rapid generation and, if necessary, deployment of nuclear strike capabilities will demonstrate US resolve and may prompt an adversary to alter the course of ac... | Who has the authorization in the US to terminate a conflict? | {
"text": [
"President"
],
"answer_start": [
398
]
} | 1 |
5730cac0b7151e1900c01543 | United_States_Air_Force | Nuclear strike is the ability of nuclear forces to rapidly and accurately strike targets which the enemy holds dear in a devastating manner. If a crisis occurs, rapid generation and, if necessary, deployment of nuclear strike capabilities will demonstrate US resolve and may prompt an adversary to alter the course of ac... | What organization does the US Air Force support on its missions? | {
"text": [
"US NDO objectives"
],
"answer_start": [
1133
]
} | 1 |
5730cac0b7151e1900c01544 | United_States_Air_Force | Nuclear strike is the ability of nuclear forces to rapidly and accurately strike targets which the enemy holds dear in a devastating manner. If a crisis occurs, rapid generation and, if necessary, deployment of nuclear strike capabilities will demonstrate US resolve and may prompt an adversary to alter the course of ac... | What is one of the areas where the US Air Force might operate its missions? | {
"text": [
"Continental United States"
],
"answer_start": [
719
]
} | 1 |
5730d135b54a4f140068cc8a | United_States_Air_Force | Nuclear surety ensures the safety, security and effectiveness of nuclear operations. Because of their political and military importance, destructive power, and the potential consequences of an accident or unauthorized act, nuclear weapons and nuclear weapon systems require special consideration and protection against r... | What ensures the safety of nuclear operations? | {
"text": [
"Nuclear surety"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} | 1 |
5730d135b54a4f140068cc8b | United_States_Air_Force | Nuclear surety ensures the safety, security and effectiveness of nuclear operations. Because of their political and military importance, destructive power, and the potential consequences of an accident or unauthorized act, nuclear weapons and nuclear weapon systems require special consideration and protection against r... | What is a Broken Arrow incident in nuclear security? | {
"text": [
"unauthorized or accidental use"
],
"answer_start": [
758
]
} | 1 |
5730d135b54a4f140068cc8c | United_States_Air_Force | Nuclear surety ensures the safety, security and effectiveness of nuclear operations. Because of their political and military importance, destructive power, and the potential consequences of an accident or unauthorized act, nuclear weapons and nuclear weapon systems require special consideration and protection against r... | What is the mission of the NDO in regards to nuclear security? | {
"text": [
"precise and reliable nuclear operations"
],
"answer_start": [
1153
]
} | 1 |
5730d135b54a4f140068cc8d | United_States_Air_Force | Nuclear surety ensures the safety, security and effectiveness of nuclear operations. Because of their political and military importance, destructive power, and the potential consequences of an accident or unauthorized act, nuclear weapons and nuclear weapon systems require special consideration and protection against r... | What is one of the five functions of NDO support? | {
"text": [
"effective nuclear weapons security"
],
"answer_start": [
1302
]
} | 1 |
5730d135b54a4f140068cc8e | United_States_Air_Force | Nuclear surety ensures the safety, security and effectiveness of nuclear operations. Because of their political and military importance, destructive power, and the potential consequences of an accident or unauthorized act, nuclear weapons and nuclear weapon systems require special consideration and protection against r... | What other US departments does the Air Force coordinate with for nuclear security? | {
"text": [
"Departments of Defense or Energy"
],
"answer_start": [
452
]
} | 1 |
5730d22faca1c71400fe5aed | United_States_Air_Force | Offensive Counterair (OCA) is defined as "offensive operations to destroy, disrupt, or neutralize enemy aircraft, missiles, launch platforms, and their supporting structures and systems both before and after launch, but as close to their source as possible" (JP 1-02). OCA is the preferred method of countering air and m... | What does the abbreviation OCA stand for? | {
"text": [
"Offensive Counterair"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} | 1 |
5730d22faca1c71400fe5aee | United_States_Air_Force | Offensive Counterair (OCA) is defined as "offensive operations to destroy, disrupt, or neutralize enemy aircraft, missiles, launch platforms, and their supporting structures and systems both before and after launch, but as close to their source as possible" (JP 1-02). OCA is the preferred method of countering air and m... | What is the function or definition of the OCA according to JP 1-02? | {
"text": [
"offensive operations to destroy, disrupt, or neutralize enemy aircraft, missiles, launch platforms"
],
"answer_start": [
42
]
} | 1 |
5730d22faca1c71400fe5aef | United_States_Air_Force | Offensive Counterair (OCA) is defined as "offensive operations to destroy, disrupt, or neutralize enemy aircraft, missiles, launch platforms, and their supporting structures and systems both before and after launch, but as close to their source as possible" (JP 1-02). OCA is the preferred method of countering air and m... | OCA is the preferred method of defeating what kind of attacks? | {
"text": [
"air and missile threats"
],
"answer_start": [
311
]
} | 1 |
5730d22faca1c71400fe5af0 | United_States_Air_Force | Offensive Counterair (OCA) is defined as "offensive operations to destroy, disrupt, or neutralize enemy aircraft, missiles, launch platforms, and their supporting structures and systems both before and after launch, but as close to their source as possible" (JP 1-02). OCA is the preferred method of countering air and m... | What is one of the important functions of the OCA in dealing with attacks? | {
"text": [
"suppression/destruction of enemy air defense"
],
"answer_start": [
484
]
} | 1 |
5730d389b7151e1900c01550 | United_States_Air_Force | Defensive Counterair (DCA) is defined as "all the defensive measures designed to detect, identify, intercept, and destroy or negate enemy forces attempting to penetrate or attack through friendly airspace" (JP 1-02). A major goal of DCA operations, in concert with OCA operations, is to provide an area from which forces... | What does the abbreviation DCA stand for? | {
"text": [
"Defensive Counterair"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} | 1 |
5730d389b7151e1900c01551 | United_States_Air_Force | Defensive Counterair (DCA) is defined as "all the defensive measures designed to detect, identify, intercept, and destroy or negate enemy forces attempting to penetrate or attack through friendly airspace" (JP 1-02). A major goal of DCA operations, in concert with OCA operations, is to provide an area from which forces... | What sort of airspace is the DCA designed to protect? | {
"text": [
"friendly"
],
"answer_start": [
187
]
} | 1 |
5730d389b7151e1900c01552 | United_States_Air_Force | Defensive Counterair (DCA) is defined as "all the defensive measures designed to detect, identify, intercept, and destroy or negate enemy forces attempting to penetrate or attack through friendly airspace" (JP 1-02). A major goal of DCA operations, in concert with OCA operations, is to provide an area from which forces... | What is active defense, according to the functions of the DCA? | {
"text": [
"employment of limited offensive action and counterattacks"
],
"answer_start": [
462
]
} | 1 |
5730d389b7151e1900c01553 | United_States_Air_Force | Defensive Counterair (DCA) is defined as "all the defensive measures designed to detect, identify, intercept, and destroy or negate enemy forces attempting to penetrate or attack through friendly airspace" (JP 1-02). A major goal of DCA operations, in concert with OCA operations, is to provide an area from which forces... | What kind of missile defense does active defense protect against, according to the DCA? | {
"text": [
"ballistic"
],
"answer_start": [
599
]
} | 1 |
5730d389b7151e1900c01554 | United_States_Air_Force | Defensive Counterair (DCA) is defined as "all the defensive measures designed to detect, identify, intercept, and destroy or negate enemy forces attempting to penetrate or attack through friendly airspace" (JP 1-02). A major goal of DCA operations, in concert with OCA operations, is to provide an area from which forces... | What is one of the many ways the DCA utilizes passive defense to protect from enemy attacks? | {
"text": [
"counter-measures"
],
"answer_start": [
1126
]
} | 1 |
5730d475aca1c71400fe5afb | United_States_Air_Force | Space superiority is "the degree of dominance in space of one force over another that permits the conduct of operations by the former and its related land, sea, air, space, and special operations forces at a given time and place without prohibitive interference by the opposing force" (JP 1-02). Space superiority may be... | What is the dominance in space of one force over another? | {
"text": [
"Space superiority"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} | 1 |
5730d475aca1c71400fe5afc | United_States_Air_Force | Space superiority is "the degree of dominance in space of one force over another that permits the conduct of operations by the former and its related land, sea, air, space, and special operations forces at a given time and place without prohibitive interference by the opposing force" (JP 1-02). Space superiority may be... | What does Space Superiority encompass? | {
"text": [
"localized in time and space, or it may be broad and enduring"
],
"answer_start": [
321
]
} | 1 |
5730d475aca1c71400fe5afd | United_States_Air_Force | Space superiority is "the degree of dominance in space of one force over another that permits the conduct of operations by the former and its related land, sea, air, space, and special operations forces at a given time and place without prohibitive interference by the opposing force" (JP 1-02). Space superiority may be... | Who does space superiority ensure freedom of action in space for? | {
"text": [
"friendly forces"
],
"answer_start": [
441
]
} | 1 |
5730d475aca1c71400fe5afe | United_States_Air_Force | Space superiority is "the degree of dominance in space of one force over another that permits the conduct of operations by the former and its related land, sea, air, space, and special operations forces at a given time and place without prohibitive interference by the opposing force" (JP 1-02). Space superiority may be... | What areas does Space Superiority operate in? | {
"text": [
"land, sea, air, space"
],
"answer_start": [
150
]
} | 1 |
5730d552b54a4f140068cca6 | United_States_Air_Force | Space Control is defined as "operations to ensure freedom of action in space for the US and its allies and, when directed, deny an adversary freedom of action in space. This mission area includes: operations conducted to protect friendly space capabilities from attack, interference, or unintentional hazards (defensive ... | What is the definition of Space Control according to the US and its allies? | {
"text": [
"operations to ensure freedom of action in space"
],
"answer_start": [
29
]
} | 1 |
5730d552b54a4f140068cca7 | United_States_Air_Force | Space Control is defined as "operations to ensure freedom of action in space for the US and its allies and, when directed, deny an adversary freedom of action in space. This mission area includes: operations conducted to protect friendly space capabilities from attack, interference, or unintentional hazards (defensive ... | What is one of the areas of operation that space control serves to protect? | {
"text": [
"operations conducted to protect friendly space capabilities from attack"
],
"answer_start": [
197
]
} | 1 |
5730d552b54a4f140068cca8 | United_States_Air_Force | Space Control is defined as "operations to ensure freedom of action in space for the US and its allies and, when directed, deny an adversary freedom of action in space. This mission area includes: operations conducted to protect friendly space capabilities from attack, interference, or unintentional hazards (defensive ... | What is the operational environment that Space Control depends on? | {
"text": [
"space situational awareness"
],
"answer_start": [
567
]
} | 1 |
5730db0aaca1c71400fe5b15 | United_States_Air_Force | This is the passive, active, and dynamic employment of capabilities to respond to imminent or on-going actions against Air Force or Air Force-protected networks, the Air Force's portion of the Global Information Grid, or expeditionary communications assigned to the Air Force. Cyberspace defense incorporates CNE, comput... | Who responds with the employment of capabilities where there is a threat? | {
"text": [
"Air Force"
],
"answer_start": [
119
]
} | 1 |
5730db0aaca1c71400fe5b16 | United_States_Air_Force | This is the passive, active, and dynamic employment of capabilities to respond to imminent or on-going actions against Air Force or Air Force-protected networks, the Air Force's portion of the Global Information Grid, or expeditionary communications assigned to the Air Force. Cyberspace defense incorporates CNE, comput... | What is the definition of CND? | {
"text": [
"computer network defense"
],
"answer_start": [
314
]
} | 1 |
5730db0aaca1c71400fe5b17 | United_States_Air_Force | This is the passive, active, and dynamic employment of capabilities to respond to imminent or on-going actions against Air Force or Air Force-protected networks, the Air Force's portion of the Global Information Grid, or expeditionary communications assigned to the Air Force. Cyberspace defense incorporates CNE, comput... | What does Cyberspace defense include? | {
"text": [
"CNE, computer network defense (CND), and CNA techniques"
],
"answer_start": [
309
]
} | 1 |
5730db0aaca1c71400fe5b18 | United_States_Air_Force | This is the passive, active, and dynamic employment of capabilities to respond to imminent or on-going actions against Air Force or Air Force-protected networks, the Air Force's portion of the Global Information Grid, or expeditionary communications assigned to the Air Force. Cyberspace defense incorporates CNE, comput... | What is one of the things that Cyberspace defense highly dependent on? | {
"text": [
"fused all-source intelligence"
],
"answer_start": [
448
]
} | 1 |
5730db0aaca1c71400fe5b19 | United_States_Air_Force | This is the passive, active, and dynamic employment of capabilities to respond to imminent or on-going actions against Air Force or Air Force-protected networks, the Air Force's portion of the Global Information Grid, or expeditionary communications assigned to the Air Force. Cyberspace defense incorporates CNE, comput... | What branch of the military is in charge of Cyberspace defense? | {
"text": [
"Air Force"
],
"answer_start": [
119
]
} | 1 |
5730dbfef6cb411900e244f4 | United_States_Air_Force | Cyberspace Support is foundational, continuous, or responsive operations ensuring information integrity and availability in, through, and from Air Force-controlled infrastructure and its interconnected analog and digital portion of the battle space. Inherent in this mission is the ability to establish, extend, secure, ... | What division ensures the Air Force's information integrity and availability? | {
"text": [
"Cyberspace Support"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} | 1 |
5730dbfef6cb411900e244f5 | United_States_Air_Force | Cyberspace Support is foundational, continuous, or responsive operations ensuring information integrity and availability in, through, and from Air Force-controlled infrastructure and its interconnected analog and digital portion of the battle space. Inherent in this mission is the ability to establish, extend, secure, ... | What is ability is critical in Cyberspace Supports mission? | {
"text": [
"sustain assigned networks and missions"
],
"answer_start": [
352
]
} | 1 |
5730dbfef6cb411900e244f6 | United_States_Air_Force | Cyberspace Support is foundational, continuous, or responsive operations ensuring information integrity and availability in, through, and from Air Force-controlled infrastructure and its interconnected analog and digital portion of the battle space. Inherent in this mission is the ability to establish, extend, secure, ... | What important networks is it the function of Cyberspace support to protect? | {
"text": [
"C2 networks/communications links and nuclear C2 networks"
],
"answer_start": [
472
]
} | 1 |
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