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Question: How does a student best avoid becoming dehydrated during a field investigation on a hot day? Answer: drink water from a bottle
Question: The primary function of a doorbell circuit is to convert electrical energy into Answer: sound.
Question: A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes through Earth's shadow. A lunar eclipse can only occur during a Answer: full moon.
Question: A recent study concluded that about 90% of all large predatory fish such as tuna have disappeared from the world's oceans in the past 50 years. Which of these is most likely the direct cause of this loss? Answer: Commercial harvesting from the ocean
Question: When an ice cube melts, its state of matter changes from a Answer: solid to a liquid
Question: In which way are evaporation and condensation similar? Answer: Both are caused by changes in heat energy.
Question: The surface of a heated metal object measures 120°C. It is dropped into a bucket filled with water measuring 10°C. Which of the following is most likely to occur? Answer: The water and metal will adjust to the same temperature between 10°C and 120°C.
Question: In order to record the passing of a distant comet, which instruments would be the most useful? Answer: telescope with camera attachment and camera
Question: Temperature is the measurement of which type of energy? Answer: kinetic
Question: Scientists are discovering ways to make some crops use less water. A person working in which job would most benefit from this research? Answer: a farmer
Question: Stem cells are cells that can differentiate into many different kinds of cells. Scientists have discovered that the environment supporting the cells influences stem-cell differentiation. For example, stem cells grown on strong, flexible surfaces became muscle cells. What most likely happened to stem cells grown on a hard, rigid surface? Answer: They became bone cells.
Question: Sherry is going to use her computer to draw a three-dimensional box. She wants to be able to specify the exact dimensions and angles and to rotate the box as needed on the screen. Which of the following types of programs would Sherry most likely use for this purpose? Answer: computer-aided design program
Question: Scientists who have studied the hydrosphere concluded that about 71% of Earth is covered with water. Which part of the hydrosphere is most often associated with the formation of organic rocks? Answer: oceans
Question: Which property of proteins best allows them to perform an enormously diverse range of functions? Answer: the complexity of their folded structure
Question: The mathematical model for calculating speed is shown below. Speed = distance/time. An airplane traveled 700 kilometers in two hours during a trip. What was the average speed of the plane during the trip? Answer: 350 kilometers per hour
Question: What is the best way for a marine scientist to determine the eating habits of sharks? Answer: Tag several sharks and monitor their eating habits for one year.
Question: A student pushes a wooden block across a sheet of sandpaper. Which characteristic of the block increases? Answer: temperature
Question: Amanda is learning about different adaptations of animals. Which is an example of a behavioral adaptation? Answer: migration of songbirds
Question: Which of the following is the best example of a custom-made product? Answer: artificial leg
Question: Michelle is interested in improving the quality of the soil in her yard. She wants more water and air to penetrate the soil. What should she add to the soil to help her achieve this goal? Answer: earthworms
Question: Which of these could cause water vapor to condense into rain droplets? Answer: air rising into colder regions of the atmosphere
Question: The human body processes and eliminates food waste using the organs of the excretory system. Which organelle performs a similar function in humans at the cellular level? Answer: lysosome
Question: What causes the most soil and rock erosion? Answer: water
Question: The theory of continental drift states that the land masses called continents were once closer together and have drifted apart over time. Which circumstance is the strongest evidence in support of this theory? Answer: the similarity of fossils on different continents
Question: Rich beds of marine fossils have been found in Florida. By dating these fossils, scientists can best determine Answer: the period during which Florida was covered in water.
Question: In the forest, one type of tree produces special seeds. These seeds start to grow only after going through a fire. In the fire, the adult trees are destroyed. Which resources, needed for growth, are now available to the newly growing seeds? Answer: sunlight and space
Question: Which is an example of a decomposer? Answer: a mushroom
Question: In the lab, students are working with substances that could cause burns. Which of these safety precautions is most important to follow? Answer: Eye protection is worn.
Question: Which process moves an ion across a cell membrane against the concentration gradient? Answer: active transport
Question: Which would most likely be the characteristic of an object with a small volume and large mass? Answer: high density
Question: Which of these describes a small range in the electromagnetic spectrum? Answer: light
Question: An idea that the universe originated with an explosion is supported by repeated observations of light from distant galaxies traveling away from Earth. An idea that has been tested repeatedly and is supported by repeated results is most likely a Answer: theory.
Question: Natural selection cannot occur without Answer: genetic variation in species.
Question: In which of these investigations would pictures from a camera be most useful? Answer: studying the growth of plants
Question: Of the examples listed, which event is thought by scientists to have led to the greatest extinction? Answer: whalers of the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries
Question: The human stomach is protected from self-digestion by a layer of Answer: mucus.
Question: On a field trip, a student holds a frog and reports that it has slippery skin. This is an example of Answer: an observation
Question: What most likely happens to soil when crops are not rotated from year to year? Answer: The soil nutrients are depleted.
Question: Materials must pass through a cell's semi-permeable membrane in order for energy to be utilized. This process is called Answer: diffusion.
Question: What is a decomposer? Answer: a living thing that breaks down dead organisms
Question: Modern technology has had some positive and negative effects on society. Which would be a negative effect of advances in technology? Answer: human jobs replaced by more efficient machines
Question: Which of the following allows a cell to become specialized? Answer: different patterns of gene expression
Question: Which tool would be best to use for counting the number of legs on an ant? Answer: hand lens
Question: A dragonfly develops through incomplete metamorphosis. Which stages does the dragonfly's life cycle include? Answer: egg and nymph
Question: When a cold front moves over a land region that has warm, moist air, a transfer of energy occurs. Cold air sinks and pushes warmer air upward. As energy is removed from the air, which change will most likely take place? Answer: Water in the atmosphere will undergo a phase change.
Question: Which sequence lists the levels of organization in the human body from simplest to most complex? Answer: cell -> tissue -> organ -> organ system
Question: Cancer is best described as Answer: abnormal cell division
Question: To pump blood through the body, the heart must overcome the force of gravity. Which body position would require the least work from the heart? Answer: lying down
Question: In order to grow two of the exact same plants, a person would reproduce them asexually because the Answer: offspring would be genetically identical.
Question: In flowering plants, what structure containing DNA is transported from one plant to another? Answer: pollen
Question: Several interchangeable parts are used in the manufacture of automobiles. Some examples of these parts are batteries, windshield wiper blades, spark plugs, and tires. Which of the following is an advantage of interchangeable parts over non-interchangeable parts on automobiles? Answer: Interchangeable parts can fit many kinds of automobiles.
Question: Which of the following represents a chemical reaction? Answer: a cake baking in an oven.
Question: When a hammer strikes a nail, the nail Answer: exerts an equal and opposite force back on the hammer.
Question: Which of these natural events occurs at time intervals that are the most regular? Answer: high tides and low tides
Question: A student combined rice cereal with melted marshmallows. Which best describes what the student made? Answer: a mixture
Question: Brittany pedaled her bicycle quickly on a level surface. When she stopped pedaling and coasted, the bicycle slowed and came to a stop. What happened to the energy of the moving bicycle as it coasted to a stop? Answer: It was transferred to heat due to friction.
Question: Homes that are built to be environmentally friendly because they use energy more efficiently than other homes are called "green" homes. "Green" homes often have reflective roofs and walls made of recycled materials. The windows in these energy-saving homes are double-paned, meaning each window has two pieces of glass. Double-paned windows have a layer of air between the window panes. This layer is a barrier against extreme temperatures and saves energy. A solar panel on a "green" home uses Answer: a renewable energy source
Question: Which process occurs when rocks and soil slide down a mountain? Answer: erosion
Question: Tony is studying ladybugs in a garden. Which of these would BEST help Tony to count the spots on a ladybug? Answer: Magnifying glass
Question: Which is a physical property of an apple? Answer: what color it is
Question: Repeated pesticide use on an insect population can result in some of the insects becoming resistant to that pesticide over time. Which process is responsible for the pesticides no longer being effective on the insects? Answer: natural selection
Question: A boy pulls a sweater off over his head. His hair is attracted to the sweater due to Answer: an electrical charge
Question: In some communities, forests are cleared through burning, and the deforested land is used for farming. Which of these is a negative consequence of this practice? Answer: decreased plant and animal diversity
Question: Some plant cells are coated in a waxy layer that prevents water loss. This specialization is found in which plant cells? Answer: cells on the plant surface
Question: Scientists recorded the hourly temperature at a weather station for the month of July and want to quickly measure a trend over time in temperature changes. Which of these formats would be the most appropriate representation of the temperature data to quickly measure any trend? Answer: line graph
Question: A factory in Japan had been dumping mercury into Minamata Bay. Certain microorganisms in the water were able to change the mercury into a form that the plankton could use. Which most likely happened next? Answer: The mercury passed through the food chain.
Question: Students conducted an investigation with green bananas. They hypothesized that an onion placed near a banana could increase the rate at which the banana ripened. They placed one onion and one banana in each of three containers. In a fourth container they placed a banana, but no onion. Which statement best explains why the onion was left out of the fourth container? Answer: The container without the onion is the control.
Question: When cold weather freezes water in the cracks of rocks, which would most likely happen? Answer: The rocks would break into smaller pieces.
Question: What would best regulate the temperature of an overheated body? Answer: a dilation of blood vessels in the skin
Question: The surface of Earth is constantly changing. Which of these findings provides the best evidence that the crustal surface of Earth has changed over time? Answer: Marine fossils are found in mountain areas.
Question: Solar radiation is a combination of light with different wavelengths. Which type of ray can harm human skin the most? Answer: ultraviolet
Question: Water is often put through a treatment system before it is used in homes as drinking water. Which is the most likely reason water is treated before people drink it? Answer: to remove harmful substances
Question: How can plants most likely improve air quality? Answer: by producing oxygen
Question: A condition in bees called "colony collapse disorder" occurs when worker bees leave the hive to collect nectar and never return. How would a decline in the bee population most likely affect a farm ecosystem? Answer: There would be a decline in fruit production.
Question: How are animals that prey on other animals classified? Answer: carnivores
Question: Which process will separate the sugar from a mixture of sugar and water? Answer: Evaporating the water
Question: Which movement of carbon between reservoirs takes the longest to achieve? Answer: from plant tissues to coal in the crust
Question: Which types of objects are most easily seen by the human eye? Answer: objects that reflect most of the light that strikes them
Question: Planting legumes in order to add nitrogen to soil most likely causes Answer: an enrichment in the fertility of the soil.
Question: Earth is about 81 times more massive than the Moon. How will the mass and weight of a rocket on the Moon compare to its mass and weight on Earth? Answer: The mass will be the same, but its weight will be less on the Moon.
Question: Louis Pasteur discovered a process that allows milk to be stored in sealed containers for long periods of time without spoiling. The process, called pasteurization, involves heating the milk before placing it in the sealed containers.Which is the best explanation of how pasteurization works? Answer: Heat killed microorganisms that could cause spoiling.
Question: Which characteristic would best help a land animal survive in a cold Arctic climate? Answer: thick fur
Question: What is the most reasonable explanation for why a toy car rolls farther on a wood floor than on a thick carpet? Answer: The carpet has more resistance.
Question: What part of the scientific method involves measuring the growth of a plant over a one-month period? Answer: observation
Question: Which statement on a toothpaste package best supports the claim of fighting cavities? Answer: certified by the American Dental Association
Question: Which is a chemical compound? Answer: sodium chloride
Question: Which of these human activities in a forest has a positive effect on the ecosystem? Answer: Planting new trees where old ones were cut down
Question: Which is an example of water condensing? Answer: Dew forming on plants during a cold night
Question: Gregor Mendel studied ratios related to traits passed from parent pea plants to offspring pea plants. Mendel used large numbers of plants to avoid "sampling error." This changed the way scientists studied genetics because it included ideas of Answer: mathematics and probability.
Question: What season is the Northern Hemisphere experiencing when it is tilted directly toward the Sun? Answer: summer
Question: Which species have been on the Earth for the shortest amount of time? Answer: Humans
Question: Which tool should be used to compare the growth of an algal colony growing in a petri dish? Answer: a hand lens
Question: Use The Periodic Table of the Elements and the information below to answer the question. Magnesium metal (Mg) is grayish-white in color and reacts actively with water. Fluorine (F2) is a greenish-yellow gas at room temperature and is a member of the halogen family. These two elements react to produce magnesium fluoride (MgF2), a chemical commonly used in making windows and lenses. How do the elements magnesium (Mg) and fluorine (F2) produce the compound magnesium fluoride (MgF2)? Answer: by chemically combining
Question: Male barn swallow birds with symmetrically-shaped wings find mates more quickly than males with asymmetrical wing shapes. Which statement best explains the significance of symmetry in the barn swallow population? Answer: Symmetrical wings are attractive to females.
Question: Which of the following would be most useful for calculating the density of a rock sample? Answer: graduated cylinder and balance
Question: Which object in our solar system reflects light and is a satellite that orbits around one planet? Answer: the Moon
Question: Students stir salt, sand, sawdust, and seashells into a jar filled with water. Which of the materials will form a solution? Answer: salt and water
Question: Which scale is used to report the intensity of an earthquake? Answer: Modified Mercalli Scale
Question: What is the outermost structure in a plant cell? Answer: cell wall
Question: The main source of food for a coyote population in one area is mice. Which is most likely to happen to these coyotes if a new predator begins eating the mice? Answer: There will be fewer coyotes.