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t54 | t54_18 | yes | Five studies compared one type of nail versus one of three different types of plate fixation. | Three studies compared one type of nail versus one of three different types of plate fixation. | Fractures of the distal femur (the part of the thigh bone nearest the knee) are a considerable cause of morbidity. Various different surgical and non‐surgical treatments have been used in the management of these injuries but the best treatment remains controversial. Objectives To assess the effects (benefits and harms)... |
t54 | t54_19 | yes | One study compared locked with non‐locked plate fixation. | One study compared locked with unlocked plate fixation. | Fractures of the distal femur (the part of the thigh bone nearest the knee) are a considerable cause of morbidity. Various different surgical and non‐surgical treatments have been used in the management of these injuries but the best treatment remains controversial. Objectives To assess the effects (benefits and harms)... |
t54 | t54_20 | no | The evidence available for the four comparisons did not confirm that any of the surgical implants were superior to any other surgical implant for any outcomes, including re‐operation for complications such as lack of bone healing and infection. | The evidence available for the six comparisons did not confirm that any of the surgical implants were superior to any other surgical implant for any outcomes, including re‐operation for complications such as lack of bone healing and infection. | Fractures of the distal femur (the part of the thigh bone nearest the knee) are a considerable cause of morbidity. Various different surgical and non‐surgical treatments have been used in the management of these injuries but the best treatment remains controversial. Objectives To assess the effects (benefits and harms)... |
t54 | t54_21 | no | The review found that the available evidence was very limited and insufficient to inform current clinical practice. | The review found that the available evidence was very extensive and sufficient to inform current clinical practice. | Fractures of the distal femur (the part of the thigh bone nearest the knee) are a considerable cause of morbidity. Various different surgical and non‐surgical treatments have been used in the management of these injuries but the best treatment remains controversial. Objectives To assess the effects (benefits and harms)... |
t54 | t54_22 | yes | Further research comparing commonly used surgical treatments is needed. | Further research contrasting commonly used surgical treatments is needed. | Fractures of the distal femur (the part of the thigh bone nearest the knee) are a considerable cause of morbidity. Various different surgical and non‐surgical treatments have been used in the management of these injuries but the best treatment remains controversial. Objectives To assess the effects (benefits and harms)... |
t55 | t55_1 | yes | A defect in the abdominal wall through which organs can protrude is called hernia. | A defect in the abdominal wall through which organs cannot protrude is called hernia. | There are many different techniques currently in use for ventral and incisional hernia repair. Laparoscopic techniques have become more common in recent years, although the evidence is sparse. Objectives We compared laparoscopic with open repair in patients with (primary) ventral or incisional hernia. Search methods We... |
t55 | t55_2 | yes | Hernias may occur spontaneously (primary hernia) or at the site of a previous surgical incision (incisional hernia). | Hernias may occur spontaneously (primary hernia) or at the site of a previous surgical incision (inguinal hernia). | There are many different techniques currently in use for ventral and incisional hernia repair. Laparoscopic techniques have become more common in recent years, although the evidence is sparse. Objectives We compared laparoscopic with open repair in patients with (primary) ventral or incisional hernia. Search methods We... |
t55 | t55_3 | yes | A hernia is usually recognized as a bulge or tear under the abdominal skin. | A hernia is usually recognized as a bulge or tear under the thoracic skin. | There are many different techniques currently in use for ventral and incisional hernia repair. Laparoscopic techniques have become more common in recent years, although the evidence is sparse. Objectives We compared laparoscopic with open repair in patients with (primary) ventral or incisional hernia. Search methods We... |
t55 | t55_4 | yes | Occasionally it causes no discomfort for the patient but it can hurt while lifting heavy objects, coughing, or having bowel movements. | Occasionally it causes no discomfort for the patient but it can heal while lifting heavy objects, coughing, or having bowel movements. | There are many different techniques currently in use for ventral and incisional hernia repair. Laparoscopic techniques have become more common in recent years, although the evidence is sparse. Objectives We compared laparoscopic with open repair in patients with (primary) ventral or incisional hernia. Search methods We... |
t55 | t55_5 | yes | Also after prolonged standing or sitting it can cause heavy discomfort. | Also after prolonged standing or sitting it cannot cause heavy discomfort. | There are many different techniques currently in use for ventral and incisional hernia repair. Laparoscopic techniques have become more common in recent years, although the evidence is sparse. Objectives We compared laparoscopic with open repair in patients with (primary) ventral or incisional hernia. Search methods We... |
t55 | t55_6 | no | For the repair of these hernias many different surgical techniques are in use. | For the repair of these hernias many identical surgical techniques are in use. | There are many different techniques currently in use for ventral and incisional hernia repair. Laparoscopic techniques have become more common in recent years, although the evidence is sparse. Objectives We compared laparoscopic with open repair in patients with (primary) ventral or incisional hernia. Search methods We... |
t55 | t55_7 | yes | The conventional technique is the open technique, where with either a suture or a mesh prosthesis the defect of the abdominal wall will be closed. | The conventional technique is the open technique, where with either a suture or a mesh prosthesis the defect of the abdominal wall will not be closed. | There are many different techniques currently in use for ventral and incisional hernia repair. Laparoscopic techniques have become more common in recent years, although the evidence is sparse. Objectives We compared laparoscopic with open repair in patients with (primary) ventral or incisional hernia. Search methods We... |
t55 | t55_8 | yes | A mesh prosthesis is a synthetic material that reinforces the tissue or bridges the defect. | A mesh prosthesis is a synthetic material that weakens the tissue or bridges the defect. | There are many different techniques currently in use for ventral and incisional hernia repair. Laparoscopic techniques have become more common in recent years, although the evidence is sparse. Objectives We compared laparoscopic with open repair in patients with (primary) ventral or incisional hernia. Search methods We... |
t55 | t55_9 | yes | On the other hand the laparoscopic hernia repair is a technique to repair the defect in the abdominal wall also with a mesh but using small incisions and a laparoscope. | On the other hand the laparoscopic hernia repair is a technique to repair the defect in the abdominal wall also with a mesh but using large incisions and a laparoscope. | There are many different techniques currently in use for ventral and incisional hernia repair. Laparoscopic techniques have become more common in recent years, although the evidence is sparse. Objectives We compared laparoscopic with open repair in patients with (primary) ventral or incisional hernia. Search methods We... |
t55 | t55_10 | yes | In this case, the mesh is always placed in the abdominal cavity. | In this case, the mesh is never placed in the abdominal cavity. | There are many different techniques currently in use for ventral and incisional hernia repair. Laparoscopic techniques have become more common in recent years, although the evidence is sparse. Objectives We compared laparoscopic with open repair in patients with (primary) ventral or incisional hernia. Search methods We... |
t55 | t55_11 | no | This review analysed randomised controlled trials, comparing the conventional, open technique with the laparoscopic technique. | This review analysed randomised controlled trials, comparing the conventional, closed technique with the laparoscopic technique. | There are many different techniques currently in use for ventral and incisional hernia repair. Laparoscopic techniques have become more common in recent years, although the evidence is sparse. Objectives We compared laparoscopic with open repair in patients with (primary) ventral or incisional hernia. Search methods We... |
t55 | t55_12 | no | Based on the results of nearly 1000 adult patients, the laparoscopic technique appears to be effective at least in the short‐term evaluation. | Based on the results of nearly 1200 adult patients, the laparoscopic technique appears to be effective at least in the short‐term evaluation. | There are many different techniques currently in use for ventral and incisional hernia repair. Laparoscopic techniques have become more common in recent years, although the evidence is sparse. Objectives We compared laparoscopic with open repair in patients with (primary) ventral or incisional hernia. Search methods We... |
t55 | t55_13 | yes | As laparoscopic surgery requires smaller incisions than open surgery, wound infection was fourfold less likely to occur in patients with laparoscopic repair. | As laparoscopic surgery requires smaller incisions than open surgery, wound infection was threefold less likely to occur in patients with laparoscopic repair. | There are many different techniques currently in use for ventral and incisional hernia repair. Laparoscopic techniques have become more common in recent years, although the evidence is sparse. Objectives We compared laparoscopic with open repair in patients with (primary) ventral or incisional hernia. Search methods We... |
t55 | t55_14 | yes | However, there is a rare but theoretically higher risk that intraabdominal organs are more likely to be injured during a laparoscopic procedure. | However, there is a rare but theoretically lower risk that intraabdominal organs are more likely to be injured during a laparoscopic procedure. | There are many different techniques currently in use for ventral and incisional hernia repair. Laparoscopic techniques have become more common in recent years, although the evidence is sparse. Objectives We compared laparoscopic with open repair in patients with (primary) ventral or incisional hernia. Search methods We... |
t55 | t55_15 | no | Length of hospital stay after laparoscopic hernia repair was found to be shorter in the majority of trials. | Length of hospital stay after laparoscopic hernia repair was found to be longer in the majority of trials. | There are many different techniques currently in use for ventral and incisional hernia repair. Laparoscopic techniques have become more common in recent years, although the evidence is sparse. Objectives We compared laparoscopic with open repair in patients with (primary) ventral or incisional hernia. Search methods We... |
t55 | t55_16 | no | As most studies had evaluated only a follow‐up of 1 or 2 years, data on the long‐term effectiveness are still lacking. | As most studies had evaluated only a follow‐up of 3 or 4 years, data on the long‐term effectiveness are still lacking. | There are many different techniques currently in use for ventral and incisional hernia repair. Laparoscopic techniques have become more common in recent years, although the evidence is sparse. Objectives We compared laparoscopic with open repair in patients with (primary) ventral or incisional hernia. Search methods We... |
t55 | t55_17 | yes | Most importantly, the risks of the hernia coming back (i.e. recurrence) are relatively unknown. | Most importantly, the benefits of the hernia coming back (i.e. recurrence) are relatively unknown. | There are many different techniques currently in use for ventral and incisional hernia repair. Laparoscopic techniques have become more common in recent years, although the evidence is sparse. Objectives We compared laparoscopic with open repair in patients with (primary) ventral or incisional hernia. Search methods We... |
t55 | t55_18 | no | Therefore, the authors of the review believe that further studies are necessary, before laparoscopic repair can be considered a standard procedure for primary ventral or incisional hernia repair. | Therefore, the authors of the review believe that further studies are unnecessary, before laparoscopic repair can be considered a standard procedure for primary ventral or incisional hernia repair. | There are many different techniques currently in use for ventral and incisional hernia repair. Laparoscopic techniques have become more common in recent years, although the evidence is sparse. Objectives We compared laparoscopic with open repair in patients with (primary) ventral or incisional hernia. Search methods We... |
t56 | t56_1 | no | We reviewed the evidence about the effect of different interventions for raising breast cancer awareness in women. | We reviewed the evidence about the effect of different interventions for reducing breast cancer awareness in women. | Breast cancer continues to be the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women globally. Early detection, diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer are key to better outcomes. Since many women will discover a breast cancer symptom themselves, it is important that they are breast cancer aware i.e. have the knowledge, skills a... |
t56 | t56_2 | no | We found two randomised controlled trials, the highest quality of research evidence. | We found five randomised controlled trials, the highest quality of research evidence. | Breast cancer continues to be the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women globally. Early detection, diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer are key to better outcomes. Since many women will discover a breast cancer symptom themselves, it is important that they are breast cancer aware i.e. have the knowledge, skills a... |
t56 | t56_3 | no | Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women. | Breast cancer is not the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women. | Breast cancer continues to be the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women globally. Early detection, diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer are key to better outcomes. Since many women will discover a breast cancer symptom themselves, it is important that they are breast cancer aware i.e. have the knowledge, skills a... |
t56 | t56_4 | no | Early detection, diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer are key to better outcomes. | Early detection, diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer are key to better outcomes. | Breast cancer continues to be the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women globally. Early detection, diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer are key to better outcomes. Since many women will discover a breast cancer symptom themselves, it is important that they are breast cancer aware i.e. have the knowledge, skills a... |
t56 | t56_5 | no | Since many women will discover a breast symptom themselves, it is important that they are breast cancer aware i.e. | Since many women will discover a breast symptom themselves, it is not important that they are breast cancer aware i.e. | Breast cancer continues to be the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women globally. Early detection, diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer are key to better outcomes. Since many women will discover a breast cancer symptom themselves, it is important that they are breast cancer aware i.e. have the knowledge, skills a... |
t56 | t56_6 | no | that they have the knowledge, skills and confidence to notice any breast changes and visit their doctor promptly. | that they have the knowledge, skills and confidence to ignore any breast changes and visit their doctor promptly. | Breast cancer continues to be the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women globally. Early detection, diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer are key to better outcomes. Since many women will discover a breast cancer symptom themselves, it is important that they are breast cancer aware i.e. have the knowledge, skills a... |
t56 | t56_7 | no | A search for trials investigating interventions on breast cancer awareness in women was run in January 2016. | A search for trials investigating interventions on breast cancer awareness in men was run in January 2016. | Breast cancer continues to be the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women globally. Early detection, diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer are key to better outcomes. Since many women will discover a breast cancer symptom themselves, it is important that they are breast cancer aware i.e. have the knowledge, skills a... |
t56 | t56_8 | no | We found two trials with a total of 997 women. | We found two trials with a total of 1,200 women. | Breast cancer continues to be the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women globally. Early detection, diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer are key to better outcomes. Since many women will discover a breast cancer symptom themselves, it is important that they are breast cancer aware i.e. have the knowledge, skills a... |
t56 | t56_9 | yes | The Promoting Early Presentation (PEP) study, funded by Breast Cancer UK, involved randomising 867 women to receive one of three interventions: (1) a written booklet and usual care, (2) a written booklet and usual care plus one‐to‐one discussion with a healthcare professional or (3) usual care only. | The Promoting Early Presentation (PEP) study, funded by Breast Cancer UK, involved randomising 912 women to receive one of three interventions: (1) a written booklet and usual care, (2) a written booklet and usual care plus one‐to‐one discussion with a healthcare professional or (3) usual care only. | Breast cancer continues to be the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women globally. Early detection, diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer are key to better outcomes. Since many women will discover a breast cancer symptom themselves, it is important that they are breast cancer aware i.e. have the knowledge, skills a... |
t56 | t56_10 | yes | Women were aged between 67 to 70 years and recruited into the study at breast cancer screening units in the UK. | Women were aged between 45 to 50 years and recruited into the study at breast cancer screening units in the UK. | Breast cancer continues to be the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women globally. Early detection, diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer are key to better outcomes. Since many women will discover a breast cancer symptom themselves, it is important that they are breast cancer aware i.e. have the knowledge, skills a... |
t56 | t56_11 | yes | The Zahedan University of Medical Sciences (ZUMS) study involved randomising 130 women into two groups that received either: (1) an educational programme using written and oral materials that focused on "breast cancer preventive behaviours" (e.g. having a healthy diet and positive beliefs towards breast self‐examining ... | The Zahedan University of Medical Sciences (ZUMS) study involved randomising 150 women into two groups that received either: (1) an educational programme using written and oral materials that focused on "breast cancer preventive behaviours" (e.g. having a healthy diet and positive beliefs towards breast self‐examining ... | Breast cancer continues to be the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women globally. Early detection, diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer are key to better outcomes. Since many women will discover a breast cancer symptom themselves, it is important that they are breast cancer aware i.e. have the knowledge, skills a... |
t56 | t56_12 | yes | Women were employed at ZUMS and aged between 35 and 39 years. | Women were employed at ZUMS and aged between 40 and 44 years. | Breast cancer continues to be the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women globally. Early detection, diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer are key to better outcomes. Since many women will discover a breast cancer symptom themselves, it is important that they are breast cancer aware i.e. have the knowledge, skills a... |
t56 | t56_13 | yes | The PEP study assessed outcomes at one month, one year and two years after the intervention. | The PEP study assessed outcomes at two months, one year and two years after the intervention. | Breast cancer continues to be the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women globally. Early detection, diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer are key to better outcomes. Since many women will discover a breast cancer symptom themselves, it is important that they are breast cancer aware i.e. have the knowledge, skills a... |
t56 | t56_14 | yes | The ZUMS study measured outcomes at one month after the intervention. | The ZUMS study measured outcomes at three months after the intervention. | Breast cancer continues to be the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women globally. Early detection, diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer are key to better outcomes. Since many women will discover a breast cancer symptom themselves, it is important that they are breast cancer aware i.e. have the knowledge, skills a... |
t56 | t56_15 | yes | Since the studies were very different in terms of the participants' age, interventions, outcomes and time points measured, the results are reported separately. | Since the studies were very similar in terms of the participants' age, interventions, outcomes and time points measured, the results are reported separately. | Breast cancer continues to be the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women globally. Early detection, diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer are key to better outcomes. Since many women will discover a breast cancer symptom themselves, it is important that they are breast cancer aware i.e. have the knowledge, skills a... |
t56 | t56_16 | no | Knowledge of breast cancer symptoms In PEP: women's knowledge of breast cancer symptoms seemed to somewhat improve after receiving either the written booklet or written booklet plus verbal interaction. | Knowledge of breast cancer symptoms In PEP: women's knowledge of breast cancer symptoms seemed to somewhat worsen after receiving either the written booklet or written booklet plus verbal interaction. | Breast cancer continues to be the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women globally. Early detection, diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer are key to better outcomes. Since many women will discover a breast cancer symptom themselves, it is important that they are breast cancer aware i.e. have the knowledge, skills a... |
t56 | t56_17 | yes | These results improved when compared to usual care at 2 years postintervention. | These results worsened when compared to usual care at 2 years postintervention. | Breast cancer continues to be the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women globally. Early detection, diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer are key to better outcomes. Since many women will discover a breast cancer symptom themselves, it is important that they are breast cancer aware i.e. have the knowledge, skills a... |
t56 | t56_18 | yes | In ZUMS: women’s awareness of breast cancer symptoms increased one month after the educational programme. | In ZUMS: women’s awareness of breast cancer symptoms decreased one month after the educational programme. | Breast cancer continues to be the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women globally. Early detection, diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer are key to better outcomes. Since many women will discover a breast cancer symptom themselves, it is important that they are breast cancer aware i.e. have the knowledge, skills a... |
t56 | t56_19 | yes | In PEP: knowledge of age‐related risk increased for women who had received a written booklet and interacted with a healthcare professional compared to usual care at 2 years postintervention. | In PEP: knowledge of age‐related risk increased for women who had received a written booklet and interacted with a healthcare professional compared to usual care at 5 years postintervention. | Breast cancer continues to be the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women globally. Early detection, diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer are key to better outcomes. Since many women will discover a breast cancer symptom themselves, it is important that they are breast cancer aware i.e. have the knowledge, skills a... |
t56 | t56_20 | yes | For women who only received the booklet, there was less of a comparable increase in knowledge. | For women who only received the booklet, there was more of a comparable increase in knowledge. | Breast cancer continues to be the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women globally. Early detection, diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer are key to better outcomes. Since many women will discover a breast cancer symptom themselves, it is important that they are breast cancer aware i.e. have the knowledge, skills a... |
t56 | t56_21 | yes | In ZUMS: this study only measured if women perceived themselves to be at risk of getting breast cancer. | In ZUMS: this study only measured if women perceived themselves to be at no risk of getting breast cancer. | Breast cancer continues to be the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women globally. Early detection, diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer are key to better outcomes. Since many women will discover a breast cancer symptom themselves, it is important that they are breast cancer aware i.e. have the knowledge, skills a... |
t56 | t56_22 | yes | This self‐perception of risk did increase at one month following the intervention. | This self‐perception of risk did not increase at one month following the intervention. | Breast cancer continues to be the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women globally. Early detection, diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer are key to better outcomes. Since many women will discover a breast cancer symptom themselves, it is important that they are breast cancer aware i.e. have the knowledge, skills a... |
t56 | t56_23 | yes | In PEP: women's reported monthly breast checking increased, but not significantly, at 2 years postintervention compared to usual care. | In PEP: women's reported monthly breast checking decreased, but not significantly, at 2 years postintervention compared to usual care. | Breast cancer continues to be the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women globally. Early detection, diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer are key to better outcomes. Since many women will discover a breast cancer symptom themselves, it is important that they are breast cancer aware i.e. have the knowledge, skills a... |
t56 | t56_24 | yes | In ZUMS: women's reported "breast cancer preventive behaviours" increased one month after the intervention. | In ZUMS: women's reported "breast cancer preventive behaviours" decreased one month after the intervention. | Breast cancer continues to be the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women globally. Early detection, diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer are key to better outcomes. Since many women will discover a breast cancer symptom themselves, it is important that they are breast cancer aware i.e. have the knowledge, skills a... |
t56 | t56_25 | yes | Specifically, this refers to their positive beliefs towards breast self‐examining behaviour. | Specifically, this refers to their negative beliefs towards breast self‐examining behaviour. | Breast cancer continues to be the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women globally. Early detection, diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer are key to better outcomes. Since many women will discover a breast cancer symptom themselves, it is important that they are breast cancer aware i.e. have the knowledge, skills a... |
t56 | t56_26 | yes | In PEP: women's breast cancer awareness overall did not change after receiving a booklet alone compared to usual care at 2 years after the intervention. | In PEP: women's breast cancer awareness overall did not change after receiving a booklet alone compared to usual care at 3 years after the intervention. | Breast cancer continues to be the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women globally. Early detection, diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer are key to better outcomes. Since many women will discover a breast cancer symptom themselves, it is important that they are breast cancer aware i.e. have the knowledge, skills a... |
t56 | t56_27 | no | However, breast cancer awareness increased in women who had received a written booklet and interacted with a healthcare professional. | However, breast cancer awareness decreased in women who had received a written booklet and interacted with a healthcare professional. | Breast cancer continues to be the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women globally. Early detection, diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer are key to better outcomes. Since many women will discover a breast cancer symptom themselves, it is important that they are breast cancer aware i.e. have the knowledge, skills a... |
t56 | t56_28 | yes | This behaviour change was in comparison to usual care at 2 years postintervention. | This behaviour change was in comparison to usual care at 5 years postintervention. | Breast cancer continues to be the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women globally. Early detection, diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer are key to better outcomes. Since many women will discover a breast cancer symptom themselves, it is important that they are breast cancer aware i.e. have the knowledge, skills a... |
t56 | t56_29 | yes | In ZUMS: women's "breast cancer preventive behaviours" were reported to increase at one month. | In ZUMS: women's "breast cancer preventive behaviours" were reported to decrease at one month. | Breast cancer continues to be the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women globally. Early detection, diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer are key to better outcomes. Since many women will discover a breast cancer symptom themselves, it is important that they are breast cancer aware i.e. have the knowledge, skills a... |
t57 | t57_1 | yes | It is estimated that 350,000 women per year in the United Kingdom and millions more worldwide experience perineal stitches because of a childbirth‐related natural tear or cut (episiotomy). | It is estimated that 450,000 women per year in the United Kingdom and millions more worldwide experience perineal stitches because of a childbirth‐related natural tear or cut (episiotomy). | Each year approximately 350,000 women in the United Kingdom and millions more worldwide, experience perineal suturing following childbirth. The postpartum management of perineal trauma is a core component of routine maternity care. However, for those women whose perineal wound dehisces (breaks down), the management var... |
t57 | t57_2 | yes | Sometimes the perineal wound breaks down (opens up). | Sometimes the perineal wound heals (closes up). | Each year approximately 350,000 women in the United Kingdom and millions more worldwide, experience perineal suturing following childbirth. The postpartum management of perineal trauma is a core component of routine maternity care. However, for those women whose perineal wound dehisces (breaks down), the management var... |
t57 | t57_3 | yes | This may be because it becomes infected, which could lead to systemic infection and sepsis. | This may be because it becomes infected, which could prevent systemic infection and sepsis. | Each year approximately 350,000 women in the United Kingdom and millions more worldwide, experience perineal suturing following childbirth. The postpartum management of perineal trauma is a core component of routine maternity care. However, for those women whose perineal wound dehisces (breaks down), the management var... |
t57 | t57_4 | no | The current management of broken down wounds varies widely between individual health practitioners and hospitals. | The current management of broken down wounds does not vary widely between individual health practitioners and hospitals. | Each year approximately 350,000 women in the United Kingdom and millions more worldwide, experience perineal suturing following childbirth. The postpartum management of perineal trauma is a core component of routine maternity care. However, for those women whose perineal wound dehisces (breaks down), the management var... |
t57 | t57_5 | yes | For most women the broken down perineal wound is left to heal naturally (managed expectantly). | For most women the broken down perineal wound is not left to heal naturally (managed expectantly). | Each year approximately 350,000 women in the United Kingdom and millions more worldwide, experience perineal suturing following childbirth. The postpartum management of perineal trauma is a core component of routine maternity care. However, for those women whose perineal wound dehisces (breaks down), the management var... |
t57 | t57_6 | yes | This is a slow process and it can take several weeks for the wound to heal completely resulting in persistent pain and discomfort at the perineal wound site, also possible urinary retention and defecation problems. | This is a slow process and it can take several months for the wound to heal completely resulting in persistent pain and discomfort at the perineal wound site, also possible urinary retention and defecation problems. | Each year approximately 350,000 women in the United Kingdom and millions more worldwide, experience perineal suturing following childbirth. The postpartum management of perineal trauma is a core component of routine maternity care. However, for those women whose perineal wound dehisces (breaks down), the management var... |
t57 | t57_7 | yes | The alternative is re‐stitching. | The alternative is not re‐stitching. | Each year approximately 350,000 women in the United Kingdom and millions more worldwide, experience perineal suturing following childbirth. The postpartum management of perineal trauma is a core component of routine maternity care. However, for those women whose perineal wound dehisces (breaks down), the management var... |
t57 | t57_8 | no | Due to the lack of research evidence, we do not know the best way to treat this type of complication. | Due to the lack of research evidence, we do not know the worst way to treat this type of complication. | Each year approximately 350,000 women in the United Kingdom and millions more worldwide, experience perineal suturing following childbirth. The postpartum management of perineal trauma is a core component of routine maternity care. However, for those women whose perineal wound dehisces (breaks down), the management var... |
t57 | t57_9 | no | This review looked at randomised controlled trials of re‐stitching broken down wounds compared with non‐stitching. | This review looked at randomised controlled trials of re‐stitching broken down wounds compared with stitching. | Each year approximately 350,000 women in the United Kingdom and millions more worldwide, experience perineal suturing following childbirth. The postpartum management of perineal trauma is a core component of routine maternity care. However, for those women whose perineal wound dehisces (breaks down), the management var... |
t57 | t57_10 | yes | As the studies were small and of poor quality, it is not possible to draw conclusions about the best way to manage wound breakdown after childbirth. | As the studies were small and of poor quality, it is not possible to draw conclusions about the worst way to manage wound breakdown after childbirth. | Each year approximately 350,000 women in the United Kingdom and millions more worldwide, experience perineal suturing following childbirth. The postpartum management of perineal trauma is a core component of routine maternity care. However, for those women whose perineal wound dehisces (breaks down), the management var... |
t57 | t57_11 | no | Therefore, there is an urgent need to conduct further studies to compare fully the benefits and risks of both treatments. | Therefore, there is an urgent need to conduct further studies to ignore fully the benefits and risks of both treatments. | Each year approximately 350,000 women in the United Kingdom and millions more worldwide, experience perineal suturing following childbirth. The postpartum management of perineal trauma is a core component of routine maternity care. However, for those women whose perineal wound dehisces (breaks down), the management var... |
t58 | t58_1 | no | Antibiotics are used to prevent life‐threatening complications for mother and baby when the amniotic fluid is infected, but it is not known which antibiotic is best. | Antibiotics are used to prevent life‐threatening complications for mother and baby when the amniotic fluid is infected, but it is not known which antiviral is best. | Intraamniotic infection is associated with maternal morbidity and neonatal sepsis, pneumonia and death. Although antibiotic treatment is accepted as the standard of care, few studies have been conducted to examine the effectiveness of different antibiotic regimens for this infection and whether to administer antibiotic... |
t58 | t58_2 | yes | Amniotic fluid is the 'water' surrounding the baby inside the womb. | Amniotic fluid is the 'water' surrounding the baby outside the womb. | Intraamniotic infection is associated with maternal morbidity and neonatal sepsis, pneumonia and death. Although antibiotic treatment is accepted as the standard of care, few studies have been conducted to examine the effectiveness of different antibiotic regimens for this infection and whether to administer antibiotic... |
t58 | t58_3 | yes | If this fluid becomes infected, it can be life‐threatening for the mother and baby, and the baby should be born within 12 hours. | If this fluid becomes infected, it can be life‐threatening for the mother and baby, and the baby should be born within 18 hours. | Intraamniotic infection is associated with maternal morbidity and neonatal sepsis, pneumonia and death. Although antibiotic treatment is accepted as the standard of care, few studies have been conducted to examine the effectiveness of different antibiotic regimens for this infection and whether to administer antibiotic... |
t58 | t58_4 | yes | Infection can come from bacteria entering the womb from the vagina, or from a medical procedure that penetrates the membranes ('bag' around baby and waters). | Infection can come from bacteria entering the womb from the vagina, or from a medical procedure that does not penetrate the membranes ('bag' around baby and waters). | Intraamniotic infection is associated with maternal morbidity and neonatal sepsis, pneumonia and death. Although antibiotic treatment is accepted as the standard of care, few studies have been conducted to examine the effectiveness of different antibiotic regimens for this infection and whether to administer antibiotic... |
t58 | t58_5 | no | Antibiotics reduce the risk of dangerous complications for both mother and baby. | Antibiotics increase the risk of dangerous complications for both mother and baby. | Intraamniotic infection is associated with maternal morbidity and neonatal sepsis, pneumonia and death. Although antibiotic treatment is accepted as the standard of care, few studies have been conducted to examine the effectiveness of different antibiotic regimens for this infection and whether to administer antibiotic... |
t58 | t58_6 | no | The review found there is not enough evidence from trials to show which antibiotic is best or whether it should be given before or after the baby is born. | The review found there is not enough evidence from trials to show which antiviral is best or whether it should be given before or after the baby is born. | Intraamniotic infection is associated with maternal morbidity and neonatal sepsis, pneumonia and death. Although antibiotic treatment is accepted as the standard of care, few studies have been conducted to examine the effectiveness of different antibiotic regimens for this infection and whether to administer antibiotic... |
t59 | t59_1 | no | Transient tachypnoea of the newborn is characterized by a high respiratory rate (more than 60 breaths per minute) and signs of respiratory distress (difficulty in breathing). | Transient tachypnoea of the newborn is characterized by a high respiratory rate (more than 75 breaths per minute) and signs of respiratory distress (difficulty in breathing). | Transient tachypnoea of the newborn (TTN) is characterized by tachypnoea and signs of respiratory distress. Transient tachypnoea typically appears within the first two hours of life in term and late preterm newborns. The administration of corticosteroids might compensate for the impaired hormonal changes which occur wh... |
t59 | t59_2 | no | It typically appears within the first two hours of life in babies born at or after 34 weeks' gestational age. | It typically appears within the first three hours of life in babies born at or after 34 weeks' gestational age. | Transient tachypnoea of the newborn (TTN) is characterized by tachypnoea and signs of respiratory distress. Transient tachypnoea typically appears within the first two hours of life in term and late preterm newborns. The administration of corticosteroids might compensate for the impaired hormonal changes which occur wh... |
t59 | t59_3 | yes | Although transient tachypnoea of the newborn usually improves without treatment, it might be associated with wheezing in late childhood. | Although transient tachypnoea of the newborn usually improves without treatment, it might not be associated with wheezing in late childhood. | Transient tachypnoea of the newborn (TTN) is characterized by tachypnoea and signs of respiratory distress. Transient tachypnoea typically appears within the first two hours of life in term and late preterm newborns. The administration of corticosteroids might compensate for the impaired hormonal changes which occur wh... |
t59 | t59_4 | yes | The idea behind using steroids for transient tachypnoea of the newborn is based on studies showing that steroids can reduce fluid from small cavities within the lungs called the alveoli. | The idea behind using steroids for transient tachypnoea of the newborn is based on studies showing that steroids cannot reduce fluid from small cavities within the lungs called the alveoli. | Transient tachypnoea of the newborn (TTN) is characterized by tachypnoea and signs of respiratory distress. Transient tachypnoea typically appears within the first two hours of life in term and late preterm newborns. The administration of corticosteroids might compensate for the impaired hormonal changes which occur wh... |
t59 | t59_5 | no | In this Cochrane Review, we reported and critically analyzed the available evidence on the benefit and harms of steroids in the management of transient tachypnoea of the newborn. | In this Cochrane Review, we reported and critically analyzed the available evidence on the benefit and harms of antibiotics in the management of transient tachypnoea of the newborn. | Transient tachypnoea of the newborn (TTN) is characterized by tachypnoea and signs of respiratory distress. Transient tachypnoea typically appears within the first two hours of life in term and late preterm newborns. The administration of corticosteroids might compensate for the impaired hormonal changes which occur wh... |
t59 | t59_6 | no | We identified and included one study, which compared steroids with placebo (dummy pill) in 49 newborns. | We identified and included one study, which compared steroids with placebo (dummy pill) in 62 newborns. | Transient tachypnoea of the newborn (TTN) is characterized by tachypnoea and signs of respiratory distress. Transient tachypnoea typically appears within the first two hours of life in term and late preterm newborns. The administration of corticosteroids might compensate for the impaired hormonal changes which occur wh... |
t59 | t59_7 | no | The steroids were given to babies by inhalation. | The steroids were not given to babies by inhalation. | Transient tachypnoea of the newborn (TTN) is characterized by tachypnoea and signs of respiratory distress. Transient tachypnoea typically appears within the first two hours of life in term and late preterm newborns. The administration of corticosteroids might compensate for the impaired hormonal changes which occur wh... |
t59 | t59_8 | no | Results Steroids did not improve lung function or reduce the need for breathing support. | Results Steroids did not improve lung function or increase the need for breathing support. | Transient tachypnoea of the newborn (TTN) is characterized by tachypnoea and signs of respiratory distress. Transient tachypnoea typically appears within the first two hours of life in term and late preterm newborns. The administration of corticosteroids might compensate for the impaired hormonal changes which occur wh... |
t59 | t59_9 | no | Overall, we are uncertain as to whether steroids have an important effect on rapid breathing because the results are imprecise and based on only one small study. | Overall, we are uncertain as to whether steroids have an important effect on rapid breathing because the results are imprecise and based on only three small studies. | Transient tachypnoea of the newborn (TTN) is characterized by tachypnoea and signs of respiratory distress. Transient tachypnoea typically appears within the first two hours of life in term and late preterm newborns. The administration of corticosteroids might compensate for the impaired hormonal changes which occur wh... |
t60 | t60_1 | no | A team of Cochrane researchers investigated how well sulthiame worked when it was used as an add‐on antiepileptic medicine (medicines that reduce seizures) in people with any type of epilepsy. | A team of Cochrane researchers investigated how well levetiracetam worked when it was used as an add‐on antiepileptic medicine (medicines that reduce seizures) in people with any type of epilepsy. | This is an updated version of the Cochrane Review previously published in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2015, Issue 10. Epilepsy is a common neurological condition, characterised by recurrent seizures. Most people respond to conventional antiepileptic drugs, however, around 30% will continue to experien... |
t60 | t60_2 | no | Epilepsy is a common neurological (brain) condition that is characterised by repeated seizures. | Epilepsy is a rare neurological (brain) condition that is characterised by repeated seizures. | This is an updated version of the Cochrane Review previously published in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2015, Issue 10. Epilepsy is a common neurological condition, characterised by recurrent seizures. Most people respond to conventional antiepileptic drugs, however, around 30% will continue to experien... |
t60 | t60_3 | no | Most people respond well to conventional antiepileptic medicines, however, about 30% continue to have seizures. | Most people respond well to conventional antiepileptic medicines, however, about 40% continue to have seizures. | This is an updated version of the Cochrane Review previously published in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2015, Issue 10. Epilepsy is a common neurological condition, characterised by recurrent seizures. Most people respond to conventional antiepileptic drugs, however, around 30% will continue to experien... |
t60 | t60_4 | yes | These people are said to have drug‐resistant epilepsy. | These people are said to not have drug‐resistant epilepsy. | This is an updated version of the Cochrane Review previously published in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2015, Issue 10. Epilepsy is a common neurological condition, characterised by recurrent seizures. Most people respond to conventional antiepileptic drugs, however, around 30% will continue to experien... |
t60 | t60_5 | no | Sulthiame is an antiepileptic drug that is used widely in some European countries and in Israel. | Carbamazepine is an antiepileptic drug that is used widely in some European countries and in Israel. | This is an updated version of the Cochrane Review previously published in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2015, Issue 10. Epilepsy is a common neurological condition, characterised by recurrent seizures. Most people respond to conventional antiepileptic drugs, however, around 30% will continue to experien... |
t60 | t60_6 | yes | Sometimes it is used as an additional (add‐on) antiepileptic medicine for people with epilepsy, alongside an existing antiepileptic medicine. | Sometimes it is used as an additional (add‐on) antiepileptic medicine for people with migraines, alongside an existing antiepileptic medicine. | This is an updated version of the Cochrane Review previously published in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2015, Issue 10. Epilepsy is a common neurological condition, characterised by recurrent seizures. Most people respond to conventional antiepileptic drugs, however, around 30% will continue to experien... |
t60 | t60_7 | yes | Randomised controlled trials produce the most reliable evidence for medicines. | Randomised controlled trials do not produce the most reliable evidence for medicines. | This is an updated version of the Cochrane Review previously published in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2015, Issue 10. Epilepsy is a common neurological condition, characterised by recurrent seizures. Most people respond to conventional antiepileptic drugs, however, around 30% will continue to experien... |
t60 | t60_8 | yes | The team searched the medical literature for randomised controlled trials that compared sulthiame as an add‐on therapy to add‐on placebo (an inactive, dummy drug), or another antiepileptic medicine. | The team searched the medical literature for randomised controlled trials that compared carbamazepine as an add‐on therapy to add‐on placebo (an inactive, dummy drug), or another antiepileptic medicine. | This is an updated version of the Cochrane Review previously published in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2015, Issue 10. Epilepsy is a common neurological condition, characterised by recurrent seizures. Most people respond to conventional antiepileptic drugs, however, around 30% will continue to experien... |
t60 | t60_9 | no | The researchers found one relevant trial that included 37 infants, aged from three to 15 months, who had a diagnosis of West syndrome, a type of epilepsy. | The researchers found one relevant trial that included 42 infants, aged from three to 15 months, who had a diagnosis of West syndrome, a type of epilepsy. | This is an updated version of the Cochrane Review previously published in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2015, Issue 10. Epilepsy is a common neurological condition, characterised by recurrent seizures. Most people respond to conventional antiepileptic drugs, however, around 30% will continue to experien... |
t60 | t60_10 | no | All infants were started on an antiepileptic medicine, pyridoxine, three days before they added sulthiame or placebo. | All infants were started on an antiepileptic medicine, levetiracetam, three days before they added sulthiame or placebo. | This is an updated version of the Cochrane Review previously published in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2015, Issue 10. Epilepsy is a common neurological condition, characterised by recurrent seizures. Most people respond to conventional antiepileptic drugs, however, around 30% will continue to experien... |
t60 | t60_11 | yes | The infants' parents did not know which add‐on therapy their children received. | The infants' parents did not know which primary therapy their children received. | This is an updated version of the Cochrane Review previously published in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2015, Issue 10. Epilepsy is a common neurological condition, characterised by recurrent seizures. Most people respond to conventional antiepileptic drugs, however, around 30% will continue to experien... |
t60 | t60_12 | no | Very uncertain evidence from the trial suggests that sulthiame may stop seizures in people with West syndrome whose seizures do not stop with pyridoxine. | Very uncertain evidence from the trial suggests that sulthiame may stop seizures in people with West syndrome whose seizures do not stop with carbamazepine. | This is an updated version of the Cochrane Review previously published in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2015, Issue 10. Epilepsy is a common neurological condition, characterised by recurrent seizures. Most people respond to conventional antiepileptic drugs, however, around 30% will continue to experien... |
t60 | t60_13 | yes | Thirty per cent more infants had their seizures stop when they received add‐on sulthiame (6/20 participants) compared to add‐on placebo (0/17 participants). | Twenty per cent more infants had their seizures stop when they received add‐on sulthiame (6/20 participants) compared to add‐on placebo (0/17 participants). | This is an updated version of the Cochrane Review previously published in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2015, Issue 10. Epilepsy is a common neurological condition, characterised by recurrent seizures. Most people respond to conventional antiepileptic drugs, however, around 30% will continue to experien... |
t60 | t60_14 | no | This difference was not statistically significant, mainly because there were so few infants included in the trial. | This difference was not statistically significant, mainly because there were so many infants included in the trial. | This is an updated version of the Cochrane Review previously published in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2015, Issue 10. Epilepsy is a common neurological condition, characterised by recurrent seizures. Most people respond to conventional antiepileptic drugs, however, around 30% will continue to experien... |
t60 | t60_15 | no | More infants experienced somnolence (drowsiness) when they received add‐on sulthiame (4/20), compared to those who received add‐on placebo (1/17), but again, this was not statistically significant. | More infants experienced somnolence (drowsiness) when they received add‐on sulthiame (6/20), compared to those who received add‐on placebo (1/17), but again, this was not statistically significant. | This is an updated version of the Cochrane Review previously published in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2015, Issue 10. Epilepsy is a common neurological condition, characterised by recurrent seizures. Most people respond to conventional antiepileptic drugs, however, around 30% will continue to experien... |
t61 | t61_1 | yes | Little evidence that antibiotics or alpha‐blocker drugs help to relieve chronic abacterial prostatitis, but heat treatments might be effective and more research is needed. | Little evidence that antibiotics or alpha‐blocker drugs help to relieve chronic abacterial prostatitis, but cold treatments might be effective and more research is needed. | Chronic abacterial prostatitis is a common disabling but enigmatic condition with a symptom complex of pelvic area pain and lower urinary tract symptoms. The scope of treatments recommended for chronic abacterial prostatitis is a testament to how little is known about what causes the condition and how to treat it. As a... |
t61 | t61_2 | yes | Chronic abacterial prostatitis (CAP) involves inflammation of the prostate gland and commonly affects men of all ages. | Chronic abacterial prostatitis (CAP) involves inflammation of the prostate gland and rarely affects men of all ages. | Chronic abacterial prostatitis is a common disabling but enigmatic condition with a symptom complex of pelvic area pain and lower urinary tract symptoms. The scope of treatments recommended for chronic abacterial prostatitis is a testament to how little is known about what causes the condition and how to treat it. As a... |
t61 | t61_3 | yes | It can cause problems urinating, including discomfort and pain, increased frequency and urge, or problems emptying the bladder. | It can cause problems urinating, including discomfort and pain, decreased frequency and urge, or problems emptying the bladder. | Chronic abacterial prostatitis is a common disabling but enigmatic condition with a symptom complex of pelvic area pain and lower urinary tract symptoms. The scope of treatments recommended for chronic abacterial prostatitis is a testament to how little is known about what causes the condition and how to treat it. As a... |
t61 | t61_4 | yes | Treatments for CAP include heat treatments (using microwaves) and several different types of drugs. | Treatments for CAP include heat treatments (using microwaves) and several different types of vaccines. | Chronic abacterial prostatitis is a common disabling but enigmatic condition with a symptom complex of pelvic area pain and lower urinary tract symptoms. The scope of treatments recommended for chronic abacterial prostatitis is a testament to how little is known about what causes the condition and how to treat it. As a... |
t61 | t61_5 | no | The review found that there is little evidence to support the routine use of antibiotic or alpha‐blocking drugs for CAP. | The review found that there is little evidence to support the routine use of antiviral or alpha‐blocking drugs for CAP. | Chronic abacterial prostatitis is a common disabling but enigmatic condition with a symptom complex of pelvic area pain and lower urinary tract symptoms. The scope of treatments recommended for chronic abacterial prostatitis is a testament to how little is known about what causes the condition and how to treat it. As a... |
t61 | t61_6 | yes | Heat treatments in comparison may be useful. | Heat treatments in comparison may not be useful. | Chronic abacterial prostatitis is a common disabling but enigmatic condition with a symptom complex of pelvic area pain and lower urinary tract symptoms. The scope of treatments recommended for chronic abacterial prostatitis is a testament to how little is known about what causes the condition and how to treat it. As a... |
t62 | t62_1 | yes | LTC is the name used for residential homes, which provide personal care, supervision with medications and help with day‐to‐day activities, and nursing homes, which provide 24‐hour nursing care. | LTC is the name used for residential homes, which provide personal care, supervision with medications and help with day‐to‐day activities, and nursing homes, which provide 12‐hour nursing care. | Delirium is a common and distressing mental disorder. It is often caused by a combination of stressor events in susceptible people, particularly older people living with frailty and dementia. Adults living in institutional long‐term care (LTC) are at particularly high risk of delirium. An episode of delirium increases ... |
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