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t40 | t40_4 | no | Acupuncture plus routine primary physician care may improve pain and function compared to routine primary physician care alone. | Acupuncture plus routine primary physician care may not improve pain and function compared to routine primary physician care alone. | Hip osteoarthritis (OA) is a major cause of pain and functional limitation. Few hip OA treatments have been evaluated for safety and effectiveness. Acupuncture is a traditional Chinese medical therapy which aims to treat disease by inserting very thin needles at specific points on the body. Objectives To assess the ben... |
t40 | t40_5 | no | We are uncertain whether acupuncture improves pain and function compared to either advice plus exercise or NSAIDs. | We are uncertain whether acupuncture worsens pain and function compared to either advice plus exercise or NSAIDs. | Hip osteoarthritis (OA) is a major cause of pain and functional limitation. Few hip OA treatments have been evaluated for safety and effectiveness. Acupuncture is a traditional Chinese medical therapy which aims to treat disease by inserting very thin needles at specific points on the body. Objectives To assess the ben... |
t40 | t40_6 | no | We are uncertain whether acupuncture plus patient education improves pain or function compared to patient education alone. | We are uncertain whether acupuncture plus patient education worsens pain or function compared to patient education alone. | Hip osteoarthritis (OA) is a major cause of pain and functional limitation. Few hip OA treatments have been evaluated for safety and effectiveness. Acupuncture is a traditional Chinese medical therapy which aims to treat disease by inserting very thin needles at specific points on the body. Objectives To assess the ben... |
t40 | t40_7 | yes | Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease of the joints, and the hip is the second most commonly affected joint. | Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease of the joints, and the hip is the third most commonly affected joint. | Hip osteoarthritis (OA) is a major cause of pain and functional limitation. Few hip OA treatments have been evaluated for safety and effectiveness. Acupuncture is a traditional Chinese medical therapy which aims to treat disease by inserting very thin needles at specific points on the body. Objectives To assess the ben... |
t40 | t40_8 | yes | Some drug therapies commonly used for treating hip OA have a risk for side effects. | Some drug therapies commonly used for treating hip OA do not have a risk for side effects. | Hip osteoarthritis (OA) is a major cause of pain and functional limitation. Few hip OA treatments have been evaluated for safety and effectiveness. Acupuncture is a traditional Chinese medical therapy which aims to treat disease by inserting very thin needles at specific points on the body. Objectives To assess the ben... |
t40 | t40_9 | yes | Therefore, it is important to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of non‐drug therapies, including acupuncture. | Therefore, it is important to evaluate the effectiveness and danger of non‐drug therapies, including acupuncture. | Hip osteoarthritis (OA) is a major cause of pain and functional limitation. Few hip OA treatments have been evaluated for safety and effectiveness. Acupuncture is a traditional Chinese medical therapy which aims to treat disease by inserting very thin needles at specific points on the body. Objectives To assess the ben... |
t40 | t40_10 | no | According to traditional acupuncture theory, stimulating the appropriate acupuncture points in the body by inserting very thin needles can reduce pain or improve function. | According to traditional acupuncture theory, stimulating the appropriate acupuncture points in the body by inserting very thin needles cannot reduce pain or improve function. | Hip osteoarthritis (OA) is a major cause of pain and functional limitation. Few hip OA treatments have been evaluated for safety and effectiveness. Acupuncture is a traditional Chinese medical therapy which aims to treat disease by inserting very thin needles at specific points on the body. Objectives To assess the ben... |
t40 | t40_11 | no | In clinical trials, sham acupuncture is intended to be a placebo for true acupuncture. | In clinical trials, sham acupuncture is not intended to be a placebo for true acupuncture. | Hip osteoarthritis (OA) is a major cause of pain and functional limitation. Few hip OA treatments have been evaluated for safety and effectiveness. Acupuncture is a traditional Chinese medical therapy which aims to treat disease by inserting very thin needles at specific points on the body. Objectives To assess the ben... |
t40 | t40_12 | yes | In sham acupuncture, the patient believes he or she is receiving true acupuncture, but the needles either do not penetrate the skin or are not placed at the correct places on the body, or both. | In sham acupuncture, the patient believes he or she is receiving true acupuncture, but the needles either do not penetrate the skin or are placed at the correct places on the body, or both. | Hip osteoarthritis (OA) is a major cause of pain and functional limitation. Few hip OA treatments have been evaluated for safety and effectiveness. Acupuncture is a traditional Chinese medical therapy which aims to treat disease by inserting very thin needles at specific points on the body. Objectives To assess the ben... |
t40 | t40_13 | yes | The purpose of the sham acupuncture control is to determine whether improvements from acupuncture are due to patient beliefs in acupuncture, rather than the specific biological effects of acupuncture. | The purpose of the sham acupuncture control is to determine whether improvements from acupuncture are due to patient beliefs in acupuncture, rather than the general biological effects of acupuncture. | Hip osteoarthritis (OA) is a major cause of pain and functional limitation. Few hip OA treatments have been evaluated for safety and effectiveness. Acupuncture is a traditional Chinese medical therapy which aims to treat disease by inserting very thin needles at specific points on the body. Objectives To assess the ben... |
t40 | t40_14 | yes | However, there is controversy about sham acupuncture. | However, there is no controversy about sham acupuncture. | Hip osteoarthritis (OA) is a major cause of pain and functional limitation. Few hip OA treatments have been evaluated for safety and effectiveness. Acupuncture is a traditional Chinese medical therapy which aims to treat disease by inserting very thin needles at specific points on the body. Objectives To assess the ben... |
t40 | t40_15 | yes | It is believed that some types of sham acupuncture may produce effects that are similar to the effects of true acupuncture. | It is believed that some types of sham acupuncture may produce effects that are opposite to the effects of true acupuncture. | Hip osteoarthritis (OA) is a major cause of pain and functional limitation. Few hip OA treatments have been evaluated for safety and effectiveness. Acupuncture is a traditional Chinese medical therapy which aims to treat disease by inserting very thin needles at specific points on the body. Objectives To assess the ben... |
t40 | t40_16 | no | After searching for all relevant trials published up to March 2018, we found 6 trials with 413 people. | After searching for all relevant trials published up to March 2018, we found 8 trials with 413 people. | Hip osteoarthritis (OA) is a major cause of pain and functional limitation. Few hip OA treatments have been evaluated for safety and effectiveness. Acupuncture is a traditional Chinese medical therapy which aims to treat disease by inserting very thin needles at specific points on the body. Objectives To assess the ben... |
t40 | t40_17 | no | All trials included primarily older participants, with mean age range from 61‐67 years, and mean duration of hip OA pain from 2‐8 years. | All trials included primarily older participants, with mean age range from 61‐67 years, and mean duration of hip OA pain from 3‐10 years. | Hip osteoarthritis (OA) is a major cause of pain and functional limitation. Few hip OA treatments have been evaluated for safety and effectiveness. Acupuncture is a traditional Chinese medical therapy which aims to treat disease by inserting very thin needles at specific points on the body. Objectives To assess the ben... |
t40 | t40_18 | no | About two‐thirds of participants were women. | About three‐fourths of participants were women. | Hip osteoarthritis (OA) is a major cause of pain and functional limitation. Few hip OA treatments have been evaluated for safety and effectiveness. Acupuncture is a traditional Chinese medical therapy which aims to treat disease by inserting very thin needles at specific points on the body. Objectives To assess the ben... |
t40 | t40_19 | no | Two of the included trials compared acupuncture to sham acupuncture. | Three of the included trials compared acupuncture to sham acupuncture. | Hip osteoarthritis (OA) is a major cause of pain and functional limitation. Few hip OA treatments have been evaluated for safety and effectiveness. Acupuncture is a traditional Chinese medical therapy which aims to treat disease by inserting very thin needles at specific points on the body. Objectives To assess the ben... |
t40 | t40_20 | yes | These two sham‐controlled trials were small‐sized, but were well‐designed and of generally high methodological quality. | These five sham‐controlled trials were small‐sized, but were well‐designed and of generally high methodological quality. | Hip osteoarthritis (OA) is a major cause of pain and functional limitation. Few hip OA treatments have been evaluated for safety and effectiveness. Acupuncture is a traditional Chinese medical therapy which aims to treat disease by inserting very thin needles at specific points on the body. Objectives To assess the ben... |
t40 | t40_21 | no | The sham acupuncture control interventions were judged believable, but each sham acupuncture intervention was also judged to have a risk of weak acupuncture‐specific effects. | The sham acupuncture control interventions were judged believable, but each sham acupuncture intervention was also judged to have a risk of strong acupuncture‐specific effects. | Hip osteoarthritis (OA) is a major cause of pain and functional limitation. Few hip OA treatments have been evaluated for safety and effectiveness. Acupuncture is a traditional Chinese medical therapy which aims to treat disease by inserting very thin needles at specific points on the body. Objectives To assess the ben... |
t40 | t40_22 | no | This was due to placement of non‐penetrating needles at the correct acupuncture points in one trial, and use of penetrating needles not inserted at the correct points in the other. | This was due to placement of non‐penetrating needles at the incorrect acupuncture points in one trial, and use of penetrating needles not inserted at the correct points in the other. | Hip osteoarthritis (OA) is a major cause of pain and functional limitation. Few hip OA treatments have been evaluated for safety and effectiveness. Acupuncture is a traditional Chinese medical therapy which aims to treat disease by inserting very thin needles at specific points on the body. Objectives To assess the ben... |
t40 | t40_23 | no | A meta‐analysis of these two trials gave moderate‐quality evidence of little or no effect in reduction in pain or improvement in function for true acupuncture relative to sham acupuncture. | A meta‐analysis of these two trials gave moderate‐quality evidence of little or no effect in reduction in pain or improvement in function for true acupuncture relative to laser acupuncture. | Hip osteoarthritis (OA) is a major cause of pain and functional limitation. Few hip OA treatments have been evaluated for safety and effectiveness. Acupuncture is a traditional Chinese medical therapy which aims to treat disease by inserting very thin needles at specific points on the body. Objectives To assess the ben... |
t40 | t40_24 | no | People who received true acupuncture had slight and non‐significant improvements on both pain and function outcomes (2 point greater improvement on a scale of 0‐100 for each), compared to those people who received sham acupuncture. | People who received true acupuncture had slight and non‐significant improvements on both pain and function outcomes (5 point greater improvement on a scale of 0‐100 for each), compared to those people who received sham acupuncture. | Hip osteoarthritis (OA) is a major cause of pain and functional limitation. Few hip OA treatments have been evaluated for safety and effectiveness. Acupuncture is a traditional Chinese medical therapy which aims to treat disease by inserting very thin needles at specific points on the body. Objectives To assess the ben... |
t40 | t40_25 | no | Due to the small sample size in the studies the confidence intervals include both the possibility of moderate benefits and the possibility of no effect of acupuncture. | Due to the large sample size in the studies the confidence intervals include both the possibility of moderate benefits and the possibility of no effect of acupuncture. | Hip osteoarthritis (OA) is a major cause of pain and functional limitation. Few hip OA treatments have been evaluated for safety and effectiveness. Acupuncture is a traditional Chinese medical therapy which aims to treat disease by inserting very thin needles at specific points on the body. Objectives To assess the ben... |
t40 | t40_26 | no | One unblinded trial gave low quality evidence that acupuncture as an addition to routine primary physician care is associated with benefits on pain, function, and physical component‐quality of life (but not mental component‐quality of life). | One unblinded trial gave low quality evidence that acupuncture as an addition to routine primary physician care is associated with benefits on pain, function, and mental component‐quality of life (but not physical component‐quality of life). | Hip osteoarthritis (OA) is a major cause of pain and functional limitation. Few hip OA treatments have been evaluated for safety and effectiveness. Acupuncture is a traditional Chinese medical therapy which aims to treat disease by inserting very thin needles at specific points on the body. Objectives To assess the ben... |
t40 | t40_27 | no | However, these reports of benefits in trial participants who received the additional acupuncture are likely due at least partially to their a priori expectations of a benefit, or their preference to get randomized to acupuncture. | However, these reports of benefits in trial participants who received the additional acupuncture are likely due at least partially to their a priori expectations of a harm, or their preference to get randomized to acupuncture. | Hip osteoarthritis (OA) is a major cause of pain and functional limitation. Few hip OA treatments have been evaluated for safety and effectiveness. Acupuncture is a traditional Chinese medical therapy which aims to treat disease by inserting very thin needles at specific points on the body. Objectives To assess the ben... |
t40 | t40_28 | yes | Evidence from the 3 other unblinded trials was uncertain. | Evidence from the 7 other unblinded trials was uncertain. | Hip osteoarthritis (OA) is a major cause of pain and functional limitation. Few hip OA treatments have been evaluated for safety and effectiveness. Acupuncture is a traditional Chinese medical therapy which aims to treat disease by inserting very thin needles at specific points on the body. Objectives To assess the ben... |
t40 | t40_29 | no | Possible side effects of acupuncture treatment included minor bruising and bleeding at the site of needle insertion, which were reported in 2 trials. | Possible side effects of acupuncture treatment included minor bruising and bleeding at the site of needle insertion, which were reported in 5 trials. | Hip osteoarthritis (OA) is a major cause of pain and functional limitation. Few hip OA treatments have been evaluated for safety and effectiveness. Acupuncture is a traditional Chinese medical therapy which aims to treat disease by inserting very thin needles at specific points on the body. Objectives To assess the ben... |
t40 | t40_30 | no | Four trials reported on adverse events, and none reported any serious adverse events attributed to acupuncture. | Five trials reported on adverse events, and none reported any serious adverse events attributed to acupuncture. | Hip osteoarthritis (OA) is a major cause of pain and functional limitation. Few hip OA treatments have been evaluated for safety and effectiveness. Acupuncture is a traditional Chinese medical therapy which aims to treat disease by inserting very thin needles at specific points on the body. Objectives To assess the ben... |
t41 | t41_1 | no | Telemedicine uses information technology so that doctors or nurses can communicate with their patients when they are not in the same room. | Telemedicine uses information technology so that doctors or nurses cannot communicate with their patients when they are not in the same room. | Telemedicine is the use of electronic communications technology to provide care for patients when distance separates the practitioner and the patient. As the parents and families of infants admitted to the NICU require major support from health professionals in terms of information and time, telemedicine has the potent... |
t41 | t41_2 | no | The parents of sick infants who are treated in neonatal intensive care units require a lot of support when their child is ill and when they are taking their baby home. | The parents of sick infants who are treated in neonatal intensive care units require a little support when their child is ill and when they are taking their baby home. | Telemedicine is the use of electronic communications technology to provide care for patients when distance separates the practitioner and the patient. As the parents and families of infants admitted to the NICU require major support from health professionals in terms of information and time, telemedicine has the potent... |
t41 | t41_3 | no | Telemedicine may be able to help the doctors and nurses to improve provision of support to the parents. | Telemedicine may not be able to help the doctors and nurses to improve provision of support to the parents. | Telemedicine is the use of electronic communications technology to provide care for patients when distance separates the practitioner and the patient. As the parents and families of infants admitted to the NICU require major support from health professionals in terms of information and time, telemedicine has the potent... |
t41 | t41_4 | no | This review identified one trial which did not show that telemedicine alters the time these infants stay in hospital. | This review identified one trial which did not show that telemedicine extends the time these infants stay in hospital. | Telemedicine is the use of electronic communications technology to provide care for patients when distance separates the practitioner and the patient. As the parents and families of infants admitted to the NICU require major support from health professionals in terms of information and time, telemedicine has the potent... |
t41 | t41_5 | no | However, there was some imprecision of the published data in this study that makes it difficult to make firm recommendations either way with telemedicine. | However, there was some imprecision of the published data in this study that makes it easy to make firm recommendations either way with telemedicine. | Telemedicine is the use of electronic communications technology to provide care for patients when distance separates the practitioner and the patient. As the parents and families of infants admitted to the NICU require major support from health professionals in terms of information and time, telemedicine has the potent... |
t42 | t42_1 | yes | Cataract is a clouding of the lens in the eye, which most commonly occurs due to increasing age. | Cataract is a clouding of the lens in the eye, which most commonly occurs due to decreasing age. | Age‐related cataract is a major cause of blindness and visual morbidity worldwide. It is therefore important to establish the optimal technique of lens removal in cataract surgery. Objectives To compare manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS) and phacoemulsification techniques. Search methods We searched CENTRAL... |
t42 | t42_2 | no | This can only be treated with an operation, and the aim of this review was to assess two different surgical methods. | This can only be treated with an operation, and the aim of this review was to assess three different surgical methods. | Age‐related cataract is a major cause of blindness and visual morbidity worldwide. It is therefore important to establish the optimal technique of lens removal in cataract surgery. Objectives To compare manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS) and phacoemulsification techniques. Search methods We searched CENTRAL... |
t42 | t42_3 | yes | The first, called manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS) involves using instruments to remove the lens from the eye through a small incision. | The first, called manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS) involves using tools to remove the lens from the eye through a small incision. | Age‐related cataract is a major cause of blindness and visual morbidity worldwide. It is therefore important to establish the optimal technique of lens removal in cataract surgery. Objectives To compare manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS) and phacoemulsification techniques. Search methods We searched CENTRAL... |
t42 | t42_4 | yes | The second, phacoemulsification, involves using a high frequency ultrasound probe to fragment the lens, and this machine also removes the lens fragments from the eye. | The second, phacoemulsification, involves using a low frequency ultrasound probe to fragment the lens, and this machine also removes the lens fragments from the eye. | Age‐related cataract is a major cause of blindness and visual morbidity worldwide. It is therefore important to establish the optimal technique of lens removal in cataract surgery. Objectives To compare manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS) and phacoemulsification techniques. Search methods We searched CENTRAL... |
t42 | t42_5 | no | We searched the literature in July 2013 and identified eight randomised controlled trials that compared these two techniques. | We searched the literature in July 2013 and identified ten randomised controlled trials that compared these two techniques. | Age‐related cataract is a major cause of blindness and visual morbidity worldwide. It is therefore important to establish the optimal technique of lens removal in cataract surgery. Objectives To compare manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS) and phacoemulsification techniques. Search methods We searched CENTRAL... |
t42 | t42_6 | no | These included a total of 1708 participants randomly allocated to MSICS or phacoemulsification. | These included a total of 1825 participants randomly allocated to MSICS or phacoemulsification. | Age‐related cataract is a major cause of blindness and visual morbidity worldwide. It is therefore important to establish the optimal technique of lens removal in cataract surgery. Objectives To compare manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS) and phacoemulsification techniques. Search methods We searched CENTRAL... |
t42 | t42_7 | no | The studies were carried out in India, Nepal and South Africa. | The studies were carried out in India, Nepal and Brazil. | Age‐related cataract is a major cause of blindness and visual morbidity worldwide. It is therefore important to establish the optimal technique of lens removal in cataract surgery. Objectives To compare manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS) and phacoemulsification techniques. Search methods We searched CENTRAL... |
t42 | t42_8 | yes | Not all studies reported the outcomes of visual acuity that we aimed to assess, making it difficult to draw definite conclusions. | Not all studies reported the outcomes of visual acuity that we aimed to assess, making it easy to draw definite conclusions. | Age‐related cataract is a major cause of blindness and visual morbidity worldwide. It is therefore important to establish the optimal technique of lens removal in cataract surgery. Objectives To compare manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS) and phacoemulsification techniques. Search methods We searched CENTRAL... |
t42 | t42_9 | no | Better uncorrected visual acuity was seen in the short term with phacoemulsification; however, there were no differences in best‐corrected visual acuity (i.e. after correction with spectacles). | Better uncorrected visual acuity was seen in the long term with phacoemulsification; however, there were no differences in best‐corrected visual acuity (i.e. after correction with spectacles). | Age‐related cataract is a major cause of blindness and visual morbidity worldwide. It is therefore important to establish the optimal technique of lens removal in cataract surgery. Objectives To compare manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS) and phacoemulsification techniques. Search methods We searched CENTRAL... |
t42 | t42_10 | yes | There appeared to be no significant difference regarding uncorrected visual acuity between the two techniques at six months in the one trial that reported at that time point. | There appeared to be no significant difference regarding uncorrected visual acuity between the two techniques at eight months in the one trial that reported at that time point. | Age‐related cataract is a major cause of blindness and visual morbidity worldwide. It is therefore important to establish the optimal technique of lens removal in cataract surgery. Objectives To compare manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS) and phacoemulsification techniques. Search methods We searched CENTRAL... |
t42 | t42_11 | no | There was a lack of long‐term data (one year or more after surgery). | There was a lack of long‐term data (two years or more after surgery). | Age‐related cataract is a major cause of blindness and visual morbidity worldwide. It is therefore important to establish the optimal technique of lens removal in cataract surgery. Objectives To compare manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS) and phacoemulsification techniques. Search methods We searched CENTRAL... |
t42 | t42_12 | yes | Very few participants were reported to have poor visual outcomes or complications (such as posterior capsule rupture) from the surgery. | Very few participants were reported to have excellent visual outcomes or complications (such as posterior capsule rupture) from the surgery. | Age‐related cataract is a major cause of blindness and visual morbidity worldwide. It is therefore important to establish the optimal technique of lens removal in cataract surgery. Objectives To compare manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS) and phacoemulsification techniques. Search methods We searched CENTRAL... |
t42 | t42_13 | no | The cost of phacoemulsification was documented in one study only, and this was more than four times the cost of MSICS. | The cost of phacoemulsification was documented in one study only, and this was more than six times the cost of MSICS. | Age‐related cataract is a major cause of blindness and visual morbidity worldwide. It is therefore important to establish the optimal technique of lens removal in cataract surgery. Objectives To compare manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS) and phacoemulsification techniques. Search methods We searched CENTRAL... |
t42 | t42_14 | no | In this setting, the two techniques appear to be comparable in terms of visual acuity outcomes and complications. | In this setting, the five techniques appear to be comparable in terms of visual acuity outcomes and complications. | Age‐related cataract is a major cause of blindness and visual morbidity worldwide. It is therefore important to establish the optimal technique of lens removal in cataract surgery. Objectives To compare manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS) and phacoemulsification techniques. Search methods We searched CENTRAL... |
t42 | t42_15 | no | However further studies with a longer follow‐up period are needed to better assess these outcomes. | However further studies with a shorter follow‐up period are needed to better assess these outcomes. | Age‐related cataract is a major cause of blindness and visual morbidity worldwide. It is therefore important to establish the optimal technique of lens removal in cataract surgery. Objectives To compare manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS) and phacoemulsification techniques. Search methods We searched CENTRAL... |
t43 | t43_1 | no | Folate is an essential vitamin that is needed to make and repair DNA and for cell division. | Folate is an essential vitamin that is not needed to make and repair DNA and for cell division. | Folate is a B‐vitamin required for DNA synthesis, methylation, and cellular division. Wheat and maize (corn) flour are staple crops consumed widely throughout the world and have been fortified with folic acid in over 80 countries to prevent neural tube defects. Folic acid fortification may be an effective strategy to i... |
t43 | t43_2 | yes | Folate has two main forms: folate, the natural form found in foods, and folic acid, the form that is used in supplements and fortified foods. | Folate has three main forms: folate, the natural form found in foods, and folic acid, the form that is used in supplements and fortified foods. | Folate is a B‐vitamin required for DNA synthesis, methylation, and cellular division. Wheat and maize (corn) flour are staple crops consumed widely throughout the world and have been fortified with folic acid in over 80 countries to prevent neural tube defects. Folic acid fortification may be an effective strategy to i... |
t43 | t43_3 | no | Wheat and maize (corn) flour are staple crops consumed widely throughout the world. | Wheat and maize (corn) flour are luxury crops consumed widely throughout the world. | Folate is a B‐vitamin required for DNA synthesis, methylation, and cellular division. Wheat and maize (corn) flour are staple crops consumed widely throughout the world and have been fortified with folic acid in over 80 countries to prevent neural tube defects. Folic acid fortification may be an effective strategy to i... |
t43 | t43_4 | no | Fortification (i.e. the addition of vitamins and minerals to foods, to increase their nutritional value) of wheat or maize flour with folic acid has been introduced in over 80 countries to prevent neural tube defects among women of reproductive age. | Fortification (i.e. the addition of vitamins and minerals to foods, to increase their nutritional value) of wheat or maize flour with folic acid has been introduced in over 60 countries to prevent neural tube defects among women of reproductive age. | Folate is a B‐vitamin required for DNA synthesis, methylation, and cellular division. Wheat and maize (corn) flour are staple crops consumed widely throughout the world and have been fortified with folic acid in over 80 countries to prevent neural tube defects. Folic acid fortification may be an effective strategy to i... |
t43 | t43_5 | yes | However, no previous systematic reviews have been conducted to evaluate the effects of folic acid‐fortified flour on folate status or other health outcomes in the general population. | However, no previous systematic reviews have been conducted to evaluate the effects of vitamin D‐fortified flour on folate status or other health outcomes in the general population. | Folate is a B‐vitamin required for DNA synthesis, methylation, and cellular division. Wheat and maize (corn) flour are staple crops consumed widely throughout the world and have been fortified with folic acid in over 80 countries to prevent neural tube defects. Folic acid fortification may be an effective strategy to i... |
t43 | t43_6 | no | This review aimed to determine the benefits and safety of fortification of wheat and maize flour with folic acid (i.e. | This review aimed to determine the benefits and safety of fortification of wheat and maize flour with vitamin D (i.e. | Folate is a B‐vitamin required for DNA synthesis, methylation, and cellular division. Wheat and maize (corn) flour are staple crops consumed widely throughout the world and have been fortified with folic acid in over 80 countries to prevent neural tube defects. Folic acid fortification may be an effective strategy to i... |
t43 | t43_7 | no | alone or with other vitamins and minerals), compared to wheat or maize flour without folic acid (or no intervention), on folate status and different measures of health in the general population. | alone or with other vitamins and minerals), compared to wheat or maize flour without vitamin D (or no intervention), on folate status and different measures of health in the general population. | Folate is a B‐vitamin required for DNA synthesis, methylation, and cellular division. Wheat and maize (corn) flour are staple crops consumed widely throughout the world and have been fortified with folic acid in over 80 countries to prevent neural tube defects. Folic acid fortification may be an effective strategy to i... |
t43 | t43_8 | no | Six studies were conducted in upper‐middle‐income countries (China, Mexico, South Africa), one study was conducted in a lower‐middle‐income country (Bangladesh), and three studies were conducted in a high‐income country (Canada). | Six studies were conducted in upper‐middle‐income countries (China, Mexico, South Africa), one study was conducted in a lower‐middle‐income country (Bangladesh), and five studies were conducted in a high‐income country (Canada). | Folate is a B‐vitamin required for DNA synthesis, methylation, and cellular division. Wheat and maize (corn) flour are staple crops consumed widely throughout the world and have been fortified with folic acid in over 80 countries to prevent neural tube defects. Folic acid fortification may be an effective strategy to i... |
t43 | t43_9 | no | Seven studies examined the effects of wheat flour fortified with folic acid alone (3 studies) or with other micronutrients (4 studies). | Five studies examined the effects of wheat flour fortified with folic acid alone (3 studies) or with other micronutrients (4 studies). | Folate is a B‐vitamin required for DNA synthesis, methylation, and cellular division. Wheat and maize (corn) flour are staple crops consumed widely throughout the world and have been fortified with folic acid in over 80 countries to prevent neural tube defects. Folic acid fortification may be an effective strategy to i... |
t43 | t43_10 | no | Three studies assessed the effects of maize flour fortified with folic acid alone (1 study) or with other micronutrients (two studies). | Five studies assessed the effects of maize flour fortified with folic acid alone (1 study) or with other micronutrients (two studies). | Folate is a B‐vitamin required for DNA synthesis, methylation, and cellular division. Wheat and maize (corn) flour are staple crops consumed widely throughout the world and have been fortified with folic acid in over 80 countries to prevent neural tube defects. Folic acid fortification may be an effective strategy to i... |
t43 | t43_11 | no | Fortification of wheat flour with folic acid may reduce the likelihood of neural tube defects. | Fortification of wheat flour with folic acid may increase the likelihood of neural tube defects. | Folate is a B‐vitamin required for DNA synthesis, methylation, and cellular division. Wheat and maize (corn) flour are staple crops consumed widely throughout the world and have been fortified with folic acid in over 80 countries to prevent neural tube defects. Folic acid fortification may be an effective strategy to i... |
t43 | t43_12 | no | Fortification of wheat or maize flour with folic acid (i.e. alone or with other vitamins and minerals) may increase folate status. | Fortification of wheat or maize flour with folic acid (i.e. alone or with other vitamins and minerals) may decrease folate status. | Folate is a B‐vitamin required for DNA synthesis, methylation, and cellular division. Wheat and maize (corn) flour are staple crops consumed widely throughout the world and have been fortified with folic acid in over 80 countries to prevent neural tube defects. Folic acid fortification may be an effective strategy to i... |
t44 | t44_1 | no | There is insufficient evidence to support the use of angioplasty for intracranial artery stenosis. | There is insufficient evidence to oppose the use of angioplasty for intracranial artery stenosis. | Intracranial artery stenosis causes up to 10% of all ischaemic strokes. The rate of recurrent vascular ischaemic events is very high. Angioplasty with or without stent placement is a feasible procedure to dilate the vessel affected. However, its safety and efficacy have not been systematically studied. Objectives To de... |
t44 | t44_2 | yes | Narrowing of the arteries inside the skull is a significant cause of stroke. | Widening of the arteries inside the skull is a significant cause of stroke. | Intracranial artery stenosis causes up to 10% of all ischaemic strokes. The rate of recurrent vascular ischaemic events is very high. Angioplasty with or without stent placement is a feasible procedure to dilate the vessel affected. However, its safety and efficacy have not been systematically studied. Objectives To de... |
t44 | t44_3 | yes | Medical treatment for prevention consists of the control of risk factors such as high blood pressure, diabetes, and high cholesterol. | Medical treatment for prevention consists of the control of risk factors such as low blood pressure, diabetes, and high cholesterol. | Intracranial artery stenosis causes up to 10% of all ischaemic strokes. The rate of recurrent vascular ischaemic events is very high. Angioplasty with or without stent placement is a feasible procedure to dilate the vessel affected. However, its safety and efficacy have not been systematically studied. Objectives To de... |
t44 | t44_4 | yes | Blood thinners are also used, but none has been demonstrated to be superior to another. | Blood thinners are also used, but all have been demonstrated to be superior to another. | Intracranial artery stenosis causes up to 10% of all ischaemic strokes. The rate of recurrent vascular ischaemic events is very high. Angioplasty with or without stent placement is a feasible procedure to dilate the vessel affected. However, its safety and efficacy have not been systematically studied. Objectives To de... |
t44 | t44_5 | yes | Angioplasty, a procedure for opening narrowed arteries by means of a balloon or stent, is feasible but its safety and efficacy is not known. | Angioplasty, a procedure for opening narrowed veins by means of a balloon or stent, is feasible but its safety and efficacy is not known. | Intracranial artery stenosis causes up to 10% of all ischaemic strokes. The rate of recurrent vascular ischaemic events is very high. Angioplasty with or without stent placement is a feasible procedure to dilate the vessel affected. However, its safety and efficacy have not been systematically studied. Objectives To de... |
t44 | t44_6 | no | This review found no randomised controlled trials and no evidence to support the use of this procedure in routine practice. | This review found no randomised controlled trials and no evidence to oppose the use of this procedure in routine practice. | Intracranial artery stenosis causes up to 10% of all ischaemic strokes. The rate of recurrent vascular ischaemic events is very high. Angioplasty with or without stent placement is a feasible procedure to dilate the vessel affected. However, its safety and efficacy have not been systematically studied. Objectives To de... |
t44 | t44_7 | no | More research is needed to establish the role of this procedure in the treatment of this disease. | Less research is needed to establish the role of this procedure in the treatment of this disease. | Intracranial artery stenosis causes up to 10% of all ischaemic strokes. The rate of recurrent vascular ischaemic events is very high. Angioplasty with or without stent placement is a feasible procedure to dilate the vessel affected. However, its safety and efficacy have not been systematically studied. Objectives To de... |
t45 | t45_1 | no | We examine research on the effect of needle syringe programmes (NSP) and opioid substitution treatment (OST) in reducing the risk of becoming infected with the hepatitis C virus. | We examine research on the effect of needle syringe programmes (NSP) and methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) in reducing the risk of becoming infected with the hepatitis C virus. | Needle syringe programmes and opioid substitution therapy for preventing hepatitis C transmission in people who inject drugs Needle syringe programmes (NSP) and opioid substitution therapy (OST) are the primary interventions to reduce hepatitis C (HCV) transmission in people who inject drugs. There is good evidence for... |
t45 | t45_2 | yes | There are around 114.9 million people living with hepatitis C and 3 to 4 million people newly infected each year. | There are around 120 million people living with hepatitis C and 3 to 4 million people newly infected each year. | Needle syringe programmes and opioid substitution therapy for preventing hepatitis C transmission in people who inject drugs Needle syringe programmes (NSP) and opioid substitution therapy (OST) are the primary interventions to reduce hepatitis C (HCV) transmission in people who inject drugs. There is good evidence for... |
t45 | t45_3 | yes | The main risk for becoming infected is sharing used needles/syringes. | The main risk for becoming infected is not sharing used needles/syringes. | Needle syringe programmes and opioid substitution therapy for preventing hepatitis C transmission in people who inject drugs Needle syringe programmes (NSP) and opioid substitution therapy (OST) are the primary interventions to reduce hepatitis C (HCV) transmission in people who inject drugs. There is good evidence for... |
t45 | t45_4 | yes | Almost half the people who inject drugs have hepatitis C. The provision of sterile injecting equipment through NSPs reduces the need for sharing equipment when preparing and injecting drugs. | Almost half the people who inject drugs have hepatitis C. The provision of sterile injecting equipment through NSPs increases the need for sharing equipment when preparing and injecting drugs. | Needle syringe programmes and opioid substitution therapy for preventing hepatitis C transmission in people who inject drugs Needle syringe programmes (NSP) and opioid substitution therapy (OST) are the primary interventions to reduce hepatitis C (HCV) transmission in people who inject drugs. There is good evidence for... |
t45 | t45_5 | yes | OST is taken orally and reduces frequency of injection and unsafe injecting practices. | OST is taken orally and increases frequency of injection and unsafe injecting practices. | Needle syringe programmes and opioid substitution therapy for preventing hepatitis C transmission in people who inject drugs Needle syringe programmes (NSP) and opioid substitution therapy (OST) are the primary interventions to reduce hepatitis C (HCV) transmission in people who inject drugs. There is good evidence for... |
t45 | t45_6 | no | We examined whether NSP and OST, provided alone or together, are effective in reducing the chances of becoming infected with hepatitis C in people who inject drugs. | We examined whether NSP and OST, provided alone or together, are effective in increasing the chances of becoming infected with hepatitis C in people who inject drugs. | Needle syringe programmes and opioid substitution therapy for preventing hepatitis C transmission in people who inject drugs Needle syringe programmes (NSP) and opioid substitution therapy (OST) are the primary interventions to reduce hepatitis C (HCV) transmission in people who inject drugs. There is good evidence for... |
t45 | t45_7 | no | We identified 28 research studies across Europe, Australia, North America and China. | We identified 35 research studies across Europe, Australia, North America and China. | Needle syringe programmes and opioid substitution therapy for preventing hepatitis C transmission in people who inject drugs Needle syringe programmes (NSP) and opioid substitution therapy (OST) are the primary interventions to reduce hepatitis C (HCV) transmission in people who inject drugs. There is good evidence for... |
t45 | t45_8 | yes | On average across the studies, the rate of new hepatitis C infections per year was 19.0 for every 100 people. | On average across the studies, the rate of new hepatitis C infections per year was 25.0 for every 100 people. | Needle syringe programmes and opioid substitution therapy for preventing hepatitis C transmission in people who inject drugs Needle syringe programmes (NSP) and opioid substitution therapy (OST) are the primary interventions to reduce hepatitis C (HCV) transmission in people who inject drugs. There is good evidence for... |
t45 | t45_9 | yes | Data from 11,070 people who inject drugs who were not infected with hepatitis C at the start of the study were combined in the analysis. | Data from 15,000 people who inject drugs who were not infected with hepatitis C at the start of the study were combined in the analysis. | Needle syringe programmes and opioid substitution therapy for preventing hepatitis C transmission in people who inject drugs Needle syringe programmes (NSP) and opioid substitution therapy (OST) are the primary interventions to reduce hepatitis C (HCV) transmission in people who inject drugs. There is good evidence for... |
t45 | t45_10 | yes | Of the sample, 32% were female, 50% injected opioids, 51% injected daily, and 40% had been homeless. | Of the sample, 32% were female, 60% injected opioids, 51% injected daily, and 40% had been homeless. | Needle syringe programmes and opioid substitution therapy for preventing hepatitis C transmission in people who inject drugs Needle syringe programmes (NSP) and opioid substitution therapy (OST) are the primary interventions to reduce hepatitis C (HCV) transmission in people who inject drugs. There is good evidence for... |
t45 | t45_11 | yes | Our study was funded by the National Institute of Health Research's (NIHR) Public Health Research Programme, the Health Protection Research Unit in Evaluation of Interventions, and the European Commission Drug Prevention and Information Programme (DIPP), Treatment as Prevention in Europe: Model Projections. | Our study was funded by the National Institute of Health Research's (NIHR) Public Health Research Programme, the Health Protection Research Unit in Evaluation of Interventions, and the World Health Organization (WHO), Treatment as Prevention in Europe: Model Projections. | Needle syringe programmes and opioid substitution therapy for preventing hepatitis C transmission in people who inject drugs Needle syringe programmes (NSP) and opioid substitution therapy (OST) are the primary interventions to reduce hepatitis C (HCV) transmission in people who inject drugs. There is good evidence for... |
t45 | t45_12 | no | Current use of OST (defined as use at the time of survey or within the previous six months) may reduce risk of acquiring hepatitis C by 50%. | Current use of OST (defined as use at the time of survey or within the previous six months) may reduce risk of acquiring hepatitis C by 30%. | Needle syringe programmes and opioid substitution therapy for preventing hepatitis C transmission in people who inject drugs Needle syringe programmes (NSP) and opioid substitution therapy (OST) are the primary interventions to reduce hepatitis C (HCV) transmission in people who inject drugs. There is good evidence for... |
t45 | t45_13 | yes | We are uncertain whether high coverage NSP (defined as regular attendance at an NSP or all injections being covered by a new needle/syringe) reduces the risk of becoming infected with hepatitis C across all studies globally, but there was some evidence from studies in Europe that high NSP coverage may reduce the risk o... | We are uncertain whether high coverage NSP (defined as regular attendance at an NSP or all injections being covered by a new needle/syringe) reduces the risk of becoming infected with hepatitis C across all studies globally, but there was some evidence from studies in Europe that high NSP coverage may reduce the risk o... | Needle syringe programmes and opioid substitution therapy for preventing hepatitis C transmission in people who inject drugs Needle syringe programmes (NSP) and opioid substitution therapy (OST) are the primary interventions to reduce hepatitis C (HCV) transmission in people who inject drugs. There is good evidence for... |
t45 | t45_14 | no | The combined use of high coverage NSP with OST may reduce risk of hepatitis C infection by 74%. | The combined use of high coverage NSP with OST may reduce risk of hepatitis C infection by 62%. | Needle syringe programmes and opioid substitution therapy for preventing hepatitis C transmission in people who inject drugs Needle syringe programmes (NSP) and opioid substitution therapy (OST) are the primary interventions to reduce hepatitis C (HCV) transmission in people who inject drugs. There is good evidence for... |
t46 | t46_1 | no | We looked for evidence about the effects of any treatment used to prevent or treat low‐back pain, pelvic pain or both during pregnancy. | We looked for evidence about the effects of any treatment used to prevent or treat high‐back pain, pelvic pain or both during pregnancy. | More than two‐thirds of pregnant women experience low‐back pain and almost one‐fifth experience pelvic pain. The two conditions may occur separately or together (low‐back and pelvic pain) and typically increase with advancing pregnancy, interfering with work, daily activities and sleep. Objectives To update the evidenc... |
t46 | t46_2 | no | We also wanted to know whether treatments decreased disability or sick leave, and whether treatments caused any side effects for pregnant women. | We also wanted to know whether treatments increased disability or sick leave, and whether treatments caused any side effects for pregnant women. | More than two‐thirds of pregnant women experience low‐back pain and almost one‐fifth experience pelvic pain. The two conditions may occur separately or together (low‐back and pelvic pain) and typically increase with advancing pregnancy, interfering with work, daily activities and sleep. Objectives To update the evidenc... |
t46 | t46_3 | no | Pain in the lower‐back, pelvis, or both, is a common complaint during pregnancy and often gets worse as pregnancy progresses. | Pain in the lower‐back, pelvis, or both, is a rare complaint during pregnancy and often gets worse as pregnancy progresses. | More than two‐thirds of pregnant women experience low‐back pain and almost one‐fifth experience pelvic pain. The two conditions may occur separately or together (low‐back and pelvic pain) and typically increase with advancing pregnancy, interfering with work, daily activities and sleep. Objectives To update the evidenc... |
t46 | t46_4 | no | This pain can disrupt daily activities, work and sleep for pregnant women. | This pain can enhance daily activities, work and sleep for pregnant women. | More than two‐thirds of pregnant women experience low‐back pain and almost one‐fifth experience pelvic pain. The two conditions may occur separately or together (low‐back and pelvic pain) and typically increase with advancing pregnancy, interfering with work, daily activities and sleep. Objectives To update the evidenc... |
t46 | t46_5 | no | We wanted to find out whether any treatment, or combination of treatments, was better than usual prenatal care for pregnant women with these complaints. | We wanted to find out whether any treatment, or combination of treatments, was worse than usual prenatal care for pregnant women with these complaints. | More than two‐thirds of pregnant women experience low‐back pain and almost one‐fifth experience pelvic pain. The two conditions may occur separately or together (low‐back and pelvic pain) and typically increase with advancing pregnancy, interfering with work, daily activities and sleep. Objectives To update the evidenc... |
t46 | t46_6 | no | We included 34 randomised studies in this updated review, with 5121 pregnant women, aged 16 to 45 years. | We included 28 randomised studies in this updated review, with 5121 pregnant women, aged 16 to 45 years. | More than two‐thirds of pregnant women experience low‐back pain and almost one‐fifth experience pelvic pain. The two conditions may occur separately or together (low‐back and pelvic pain) and typically increase with advancing pregnancy, interfering with work, daily activities and sleep. Objectives To update the evidenc... |
t46 | t46_7 | no | Women were from 12 to 38 weeks’ pregnant. | Women were from 15 to 42 weeks’ pregnant. | More than two‐thirds of pregnant women experience low‐back pain and almost one‐fifth experience pelvic pain. The two conditions may occur separately or together (low‐back and pelvic pain) and typically increase with advancing pregnancy, interfering with work, daily activities and sleep. Objectives To update the evidenc... |
t46 | t46_8 | no | Studies looked at different treatments for pregnant women with low‐back pain, pelvic pain or both types of pain. | Studies looked at different treatments for pregnant women with high‐back pain, pelvic pain or both types of pain. | More than two‐thirds of pregnant women experience low‐back pain and almost one‐fifth experience pelvic pain. The two conditions may occur separately or together (low‐back and pelvic pain) and typically increase with advancing pregnancy, interfering with work, daily activities and sleep. Objectives To update the evidenc... |
t46 | t46_9 | yes | All treatments were added to usual prenatal care, and were compared with usual prenatal care alone in 23 studies. | All treatments were added to usual prenatal care, and were compared with usual prenatal care alone in 28 studies. | More than two‐thirds of pregnant women experience low‐back pain and almost one‐fifth experience pelvic pain. The two conditions may occur separately or together (low‐back and pelvic pain) and typically increase with advancing pregnancy, interfering with work, daily activities and sleep. Objectives To update the evidenc... |
t46 | t46_10 | no | Studies measured women's symptoms in different ways, ranging from self‐reported pain and sick leave to the results of specific tests. | Studies measured women's symptoms in different ways, ranging from self‐reported pain and sick leave to the results of general tests. | More than two‐thirds of pregnant women experience low‐back pain and almost one‐fifth experience pelvic pain. The two conditions may occur separately or together (low‐back and pelvic pain) and typically increase with advancing pregnancy, interfering with work, daily activities and sleep. Objectives To update the evidenc... |
t46 | t46_11 | no | When we combined the results from seven studies (645 women) that compared any land‐based exercise with usual prenatal care, exercise interventions (lasting from five to 20 weeks) improved women's levels of low‐back pain and disability. | When we combined the results from nine studies (645 women) that compared any land‐based exercise with usual prenatal care, exercise interventions (lasting from five to 20 weeks) improved women's levels of low‐back pain and disability. | More than two‐thirds of pregnant women experience low‐back pain and almost one‐fifth experience pelvic pain. The two conditions may occur separately or together (low‐back and pelvic pain) and typically increase with advancing pregnancy, interfering with work, daily activities and sleep. Objectives To update the evidenc... |
t46 | t46_12 | yes | Pelvic pain There is less evidence available on treatments for pelvic pain. | There is more evidence available on treatments for pelvic pain. | More than two‐thirds of pregnant women experience low‐back pain and almost one‐fifth experience pelvic pain. The two conditions may occur separately or together (low‐back and pelvic pain) and typically increase with advancing pregnancy, interfering with work, daily activities and sleep. Objectives To update the evidenc... |
t46 | t46_13 | no | Two studies found that women who participated in group exercise and received information about managing their pain reported no difference in their pelvic pain than women who received usual prenatal care. | Three studies found that women who participated in group exercise and received information about managing their pain reported no difference in their pelvic pain than women who received usual prenatal care. | More than two‐thirds of pregnant women experience low‐back pain and almost one‐fifth experience pelvic pain. The two conditions may occur separately or together (low‐back and pelvic pain) and typically increase with advancing pregnancy, interfering with work, daily activities and sleep. Objectives To update the evidenc... |
t46 | t46_14 | no | Low‐back and pelvic pain The results of four studies combined (1176 women) showed that an eight‐ to 12‐week exercise program reduced the number of women who reported low‐back and pelvic pain. | Low‐back and pelvic pain The results of four studies combined (1176 women) showed that an eight‐ to 12‐week exercise program increased the number of women who reported low‐back and pelvic pain. | More than two‐thirds of pregnant women experience low‐back pain and almost one‐fifth experience pelvic pain. The two conditions may occur separately or together (low‐back and pelvic pain) and typically increase with advancing pregnancy, interfering with work, daily activities and sleep. Objectives To update the evidenc... |
t46 | t46_15 | no | Land‐based exercise, in a variety of formats, also reduced low‐back and pelvic pain‐related sick leave in two studies (1062 women). | Land‐based exercise, in a variety of formats, also reduced low‐back and pelvic pain‐related sick leave in two studies (1250 women). | More than two‐thirds of pregnant women experience low‐back pain and almost one‐fifth experience pelvic pain. The two conditions may occur separately or together (low‐back and pelvic pain) and typically increase with advancing pregnancy, interfering with work, daily activities and sleep. Objectives To update the evidenc... |
t46 | t46_16 | no | However, two other studies (374 women) found that group exercise plus information was no better at preventing either pelvic or low‐back pain than usual prenatal care. | However, three other studies (374 women) found that group exercise plus information was no better at preventing either pelvic or low‐back pain than usual prenatal care. | More than two‐thirds of pregnant women experience low‐back pain and almost one‐fifth experience pelvic pain. The two conditions may occur separately or together (low‐back and pelvic pain) and typically increase with advancing pregnancy, interfering with work, daily activities and sleep. Objectives To update the evidenc... |
t46 | t46_17 | yes | There were a number of single studies that tested a variety of treatments. | There were a number of single studies that ignored a variety of treatments. | More than two‐thirds of pregnant women experience low‐back pain and almost one‐fifth experience pelvic pain. The two conditions may occur separately or together (low‐back and pelvic pain) and typically increase with advancing pregnancy, interfering with work, daily activities and sleep. Objectives To update the evidenc... |
t46 | t46_18 | no | Findings suggested that craniosacral therapy, osteomanipulative therapy or a multi‐modal intervention (manual therapy, exercise and education) may be of benefit. | Findings suggested that craniosacral therapy, osteomanipulative therapy or a multi‐modal intervention (manual therapy, exercise and education) may not be of benefit. | More than two‐thirds of pregnant women experience low‐back pain and almost one‐fifth experience pelvic pain. The two conditions may occur separately or together (low‐back and pelvic pain) and typically increase with advancing pregnancy, interfering with work, daily activities and sleep. Objectives To update the evidenc... |
t46 | t46_19 | yes | When reported, there were no lasting side effects in any of the studies. | When reported, there were lasting side effects in any of the studies. | More than two‐thirds of pregnant women experience low‐back pain and almost one‐fifth experience pelvic pain. The two conditions may occur separately or together (low‐back and pelvic pain) and typically increase with advancing pregnancy, interfering with work, daily activities and sleep. Objectives To update the evidenc... |
t47 | t47_1 | no | We reviewed the evidence for the benefits and harms of a short course (typically up to 21 days) of corticosteroid given by mouth to people with chronic rhinosinusitis compared with giving a placebo or no treatment, or another type of treatment. | We reviewed the evidence for the benefits and harms of a short course (typically up to 30 days) of corticosteroid given by mouth to people with chronic rhinosinusitis compared with giving a placebo or no treatment, or another type of treatment. | This review is one of a suite of six Cochrane reviews looking at the primary medical management options for patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Chronic rhinosinusitis is a common condition involving inflammation of the lining of the nose and paranasal sinuses. It is characterised by nasal blockage and nasal discharge... |
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