Datasets:

vgainullin
/

xciting_data

paragraph_index int64	sec string	p_has_citation int64	cites string	citeids list	pmid int64	cited_id string	sentences string	all_sent_cites list	sent_len int64	sentence_batch_index int64	sent_has_citation float64	qc_fail bool	cited_sentence string	cites_in_sentence list	cln_sentence string	is_cap bool	is_alpha bool	ends_wp bool	cit_qc bool	lgtm bool	__index_level_0__ int64
0	DISCUSSION	0	null	null	17,342,250	null	Pain during labor is usually defined as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience.	null	87	0	0	false	null	null	Pain during labor is usually defined as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience.	true	true	true	true	true	0
0	DISCUSSION	0	null	null	17,342,250	null	Electro-acupuncture is a method which now is increasingly being used in China and some other countries.	null	103	1	0	false	null	null	Electro-acupuncture is a method which now is increasingly being used in China and some other countries.	true	true	true	true	true	0
0	DISCUSSION	0	null	null	17,342,250	null	No undesirable side-effect has been observed and it is thought that electro-acupuncture could be an alternative to other methods of pain relief during labor.	null	157	2	0	false	null	null	No undesirable side-effect has been observed and it is thought that electro-acupuncture could be an alternative to other methods of pain relief during labor.	true	true	true	true	true	0
1	DISCUSSION	1	7	[ "B7", "B7", "B7", "B7", "B8", "B10", "B9", "B10", "B9 B10 B11 B12 B13 B14 B15" ]	17,342,250	NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA	In ancient acupuncture practice, Hegu (LI-4) and Sanyinjiao (SP-6) were listed as forbidden acupoints for pregnant women due to their oxytocic effects[7].	[ "7", "7", "7", "7", "8", "10", "9", "10", "9–15" ]	154	3	1	false	In ancient acupuncture practice, Hegu (LI-4) and Sanyinjiao (SP-6) were listed as forbidden acupoints for pregnant women due to their oxytocic effects.	[ "7" ]	In ancient acupuncture practice, Hegu (LI-4) and Sanyinjiao (SP-6) were listed as forbidden acupoints for pregnant women due to their oxytocic effects.	true	true	true	true	true	1
1	DISCUSSION	1	7	[ "B7", "B7", "B7", "B7", "B8", "B10", "B9", "B10", "B9 B10 B11 B12 B13 B14 B15" ]	17,342,250	NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA	The forbidden acupoints for pregnant women were indicated even in the most ancient extant book on acupuncture[7], the Su Wen (Essential Questions) of the Huang Di Nei Jing (The Yellow emperor's Internal Medicine) in which an entire chapter is devoted to this topic.	[ "7", "7", "7", "7", "8", "10", "9", "10", "9–15" ]	265	4	1	false	The forbidden acupoints for pregnant women were indicated even in the most ancient extant book on acupuncture, the Su Wen (Essential Questions) of the Huang Di Nei Jing (The Yellow emperor's Internal Medicine) in which an entire chapter is devoted to this topic.	[ "7" ]	The forbidden acupoints for pregnant women were indicated even in the most ancient extant book on acupuncture, the Su Wen (Essential Questions) of the Huang Di Nei Jing (The Yellow emperor's Internal Medicine) in which an entire chapter is devoted to this topic.	true	true	true	true	true	1
1	DISCUSSION	1	7	[ "B7", "B7", "B7", "B7", "B8", "B10", "B9", "B10", "B9 B10 B11 B12 B13 B14 B15" ]	17,342,250	NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA	Huang Fu Mi's Zhen Jiu Jia Yi Jing (The systematic Canon of Acupuncture and Moxibustion), 3rd century AD lists 24 points of forbidden to acupuncture and moxibustion, and Yang Ji-Zhou's Zhen Jiu Da Chen (The Great Compendium of Acupuncture and moxibustion)	[ "7", "7", "7", "7", "8", "10", "9", "10", "9–15" ]	255	5	0	false	Huang Fu Mi's Zhen Jiu Jia Yi Jing (The systematic Canon of Acupuncture and Moxibustion), 3rd century AD lists 24 points of forbidden to acupuncture and moxibustion, and Yang Ji-Zhou's Zhen Jiu Da Chen (The Great Compendium of Acupuncture and moxibustion)	[]	Huang Fu Mi's Zhen Jiu Jia Yi Jing (The systematic Canon of Acupuncture and Moxibustion), 3rd century AD lists 24 points of forbidden to acupuncture and moxibustion, and Yang Ji-Zhou's Zhen Jiu Da Chen (The Great Compendium of Acupuncture and moxibustion)	true	true	false	true	false	1
1	DISCUSSION	1	7	[ "B7", "B7", "B7", "B7", "B8", "B10", "B9", "B10", "B9 B10 B11 B12 B13 B14 B15" ]	17,342,250	NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA	[7] was published in 1602 AD.	[ "7", "7", "7", "7", "8", "10", "9", "10", "9–15" ]	29	6	1	false	was published in 1602 AD.	[ "7" ]	was published in 1602 AD.	false	true	true	true	false	1
1	DISCUSSION	1	7	[ "B7", "B7", "B7", "B7", "B8", "B10", "B9", "B10", "B9 B10 B11 B12 B13 B14 B15" ]	17,342,250	NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA	Yang Ji-Zhou summarized the forbidden points in two odes[7].	[ "7", "7", "7", "7", "8", "10", "9", "10", "9–15" ]	60	7	1	false	Yang Ji-Zhou summarized the forbidden points in two odes.	[ "7" ]	Yang Ji-Zhou summarized the forbidden points in two odes.	true	true	true	true	true	1
1	DISCUSSION	1	7	[ "B7", "B7", "B7", "B7", "B8", "B10", "B9", "B10", "B9 B10 B11 B12 B13 B14 B15" ]	17,342,250	NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA	:Jin Jiu Xue Ge (Ode to the Forbidden Points for Moxibustion) which lists 45 points, and Jin Zhen Xue Ge (Ode to the Forbidden Points for Needling) which lists 32 points.	[ "7", "7", "7", "7", "8", "10", "9", "10", "9–15" ]	170	8	0	false	:Jin Jiu Xue Ge (Ode to the Forbidden Points for Moxibustion) which lists 45 points, and Jin Zhen Xue Ge (Ode to the Forbidden Points for Needling) which lists 32 points.	[]	:Jin Jiu Xue Ge (Ode to the Forbidden Points for Moxibustion) which lists 45 points, and Jin Zhen Xue Ge (Ode to the Forbidden Points for Needling) which lists 32 points.	false	false	true	true	false	1
1	DISCUSSION	1	7	[ "B7", "B7", "B7", "B7", "B8", "B10", "B9", "B10", "B9 B10 B11 B12 B13 B14 B15" ]	17,342,250	NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA	Modern experiments[8-10] have shown that Hegu (LI-4) has a dual effect on the uterine smooth muscle through the regulation of the CNS.	[ "7", "7", "7", "7", "8", "10", "9", "10", "9–15" ]	134	9	0	false	Modern experiments have shown that Hegu (LI-4) has a dual effect on the uterine smooth muscle through the regulation of the CNS.	[ "8-10" ]	Modern experiments have shown that Hegu (LI-4) has a dual effect on the uterine smooth muscle through the regulation of the CNS.	true	true	true	true	true	1
1	DISCUSSION	1	7	[ "B7", "B7", "B7", "B7", "B8", "B10", "B9", "B10", "B9 B10 B11 B12 B13 B14 B15" ]	17,342,250	NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA	Acupuncture on Sanyinjiao (SP-6) which lies within the innervation of L4, can excite the spinal central nerves by stimulating the somatic sensory nerve fibers and by exciting the pelvic neuroplex through sympathetic nerves, resulting in contraction of uterus [9,10].	[ "7", "7", "7", "7", "8", "10", "9", "10", "9–15" ]	266	10	0	false	Acupuncture on Sanyinjiao (SP-6) which lies within the innervation of L4, can excite the spinal central nerves by stimulating the somatic sensory nerve fibers and by exciting the pelvic neuroplex through sympathetic nerves, resulting in contraction of uterus.	[ "9,10" ]	Acupuncture on Sanyinjiao (SP-6) which lies within the innervation of L4, can excite the spinal central nerves by stimulating the somatic sensory nerve fibers and by exciting the pelvic neuroplex through sympathetic nerves, resulting in contraction of uterus.	true	true	true	true	true	1
1	DISCUSSION	1	7	[ "B7", "B7", "B7", "B7", "B8", "B10", "B9", "B10", "B9 B10 B11 B12 B13 B14 B15" ]	17,342,250	NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA	The pain during labor is mainly caused by uterine contractions.	[ "7", "7", "7", "7", "8", "10", "9", "10", "9–15" ]	63	11	0	false	The pain during labor is mainly caused by uterine contractions.	[]	The pain during labor is mainly caused by uterine contractions.	true	true	true	true	true	1
1	DISCUSSION	1	7	[ "B7", "B7", "B7", "B7", "B8", "B10", "B9", "B10", "B9 B10 B11 B12 B13 B14 B15" ]	17,342,250	NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA	Both Hegu (LI-4) and Sanyinjiao (SP-6) have an effect on the contraction of uterus.	[ "7", "7", "7", "7", "8", "10", "9", "10", "9–15" ]	83	12	0	false	Both Hegu (LI-4) and Sanyinjiao (SP-6) have an effect on the contraction of uterus.	[]	Both Hegu (LI-4) and Sanyinjiao (SP-6) have an effect on the contraction of uterus.	true	true	true	true	true	1
1	DISCUSSION	1	9–15	[ "B7", "B7", "B7", "B7", "B8", "B10", "B9", "B10", "B9 B10 B11 B12 B13 B14 B15" ]	17,342,250	NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA	Needling the two points can produce the rhythmic coordination of the uterus muscles during the oxytocic process and neuroendocrine alteration[9–15].	[ "7", "7", "7", "7", "8", "10", "9", "10", "9–15" ]	148	13	1	false	Needling the two points can produce the rhythmic coordination of the uterus muscles during the oxytocic process and neuroendocrine alteration.	[ "9–15" ]	Needling the two points can produce the rhythmic coordination of the uterus muscles during the oxytocic process and neuroendocrine alteration.	true	true	true	true	true	1
2	DISCUSSION	1	7	[ "B7", "B16 B17 B18 B19 B20 B21 B22 B23 B24 B25", "B17", "B18", "B19", "B20", "B21", "B22", "B23", "B24", "B25" ]	17,342,250	NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|pmid-6130439\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|pmid-6130439\|NA	According to the thousand years of experience in acupuncture practice, it is known that different manners of needle manipulation may produce different therapeutic effects, though the scientific mechanisms remain unknown	[ "7", "16–25", "17", "18", "19", "20", "21", "22", "23", "24", "25" ]	219	14	0	false	According to the thousand years of experience in acupuncture practice, it is known that different manners of needle manipulation may produce different therapeutic effects, though the scientific mechanisms remain unknown	[]	According to the thousand years of experience in acupuncture practice, it is known that different manners of needle manipulation may produce different therapeutic effects, though the scientific mechanisms remain unknown	true	true	false	true	false	2
2	DISCUSSION	1	16–25	[ "B7", "B16 B17 B18 B19 B20 B21 B22 B23 B24 B25", "B17", "B18", "B19", "B20", "B21", "B22", "B23", "B24", "B25" ]	17,342,250	NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|pmid-6130439\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|pmid-6130439\|NA	Some studies[16–25] have indicated that analgesia produced by electro-acupuncture of different frequencies are mediated by different varieties of opioids in the spinal cord: low frequency (2Hz) electro-acupuncture analgesia is mediated by enkephalin and high frequency (100Hz) electro-acupuncture analgesia by dynorphin.	[ "7", "16–25", "17", "18", "19", "20", "21", "22", "23", "24", "25" ]	320	15	1	false	Some studies have indicated that analgesia produced by electro-acupuncture of different frequencies are mediated by different varieties of opioids in the spinal cord: low frequency (2Hz) electro-acupuncture analgesia is mediated by enkephalin and high frequency (100Hz) electro-acupuncture analgesia by dynorphin.	[ "16–25" ]	Some studies have indicated that analgesia produced by electro-acupuncture of different frequencies are mediated by different varieties of opioids in the spinal cord: low frequency electro-acupuncture analgesia is mediated by enkephalin and high frequency electro-acupuncture analgesia by dynorphin.	true	true	true	true	true	2
2	DISCUSSION	1	7	[ "B7", "B16 B17 B18 B19 B20 B21 B22 B23 B24 B25", "B17", "B18", "B19", "B20", "B21", "B22", "B23", "B24", "B25" ]	17,342,250	NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|pmid-6130439\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|pmid-6130439\|NA	Enkephalin and β-EP were mixed μ and δ opioid receptor agonists as the endomorphin was considered as the pure μ opioid receptor agonist	[ "7", "16–25", "17", "18", "19", "20", "21", "22", "23", "24", "25" ]	135	16	0	false	Enkephalin and β-EP were mixed μ and δ opioid receptor agonists as the endomorphin was considered as the pure μ opioid receptor agonist	[]	Enkephalin and β-EP were mixed μ and δ opioid receptor agonists as the endomorphin was considered as the pure μ opioid receptor agonist	true	true	false	true	false	2
2	DISCUSSION	1	17	[ "B7", "B16 B17 B18 B19 B20 B21 B22 B23 B24 B25", "B17", "B18", "B19", "B20", "B21", "B22", "B23", "B24", "B25" ]	17,342,250	NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|pmid-6130439\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|pmid-6130439\|NA	[17] and dynorphin the relatively pure κ opioid agonist [18].	[ "7", "16–25", "17", "18", "19", "20", "21", "22", "23", "24", "25" ]	61	17	1	false	and dynorphin the relatively pure κ opioid agonist.	[ "17", "18" ]	and dynorphin the relatively pure κ opioid agonist.	false	true	true	true	false	2
2	DISCUSSION	1	19	[ "B7", "B16 B17 B18 B19 B20 B21 B22 B23 B24 B25", "B17", "B18", "B19", "B20", "B21", "B22", "B23", "B24", "B25" ]	17,342,250	NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|pmid-6130439\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|pmid-6130439\|NA	Study [19] has suggested that the analgesia induced by 2 Hz electro-acupuncture was mediated by the μ receptor and that of 100 Hz electro-acupuncture by κ opioid receptors.	[ "7", "16–25", "17", "18", "19", "20", "21", "22", "23", "24", "25" ]	172	18	1	false	Study has suggested that the analgesia induced by 2 Hz electro-acupuncture was mediated by the μ receptor and that of 100 Hz electro-acupuncture by κ opioid receptors.	[ "19" ]	Study has suggested that the analgesia induced by 2 Hz electro-acupuncture was mediated by the μ receptor and that of 100 Hz electro-acupuncture by κ opioid receptors.	true	true	true	true	true	2
2	DISCUSSION	1	20	[ "B7", "B16 B17 B18 B19 B20 B21 B22 B23 B24 B25", "B17", "B18", "B19", "B20", "B21", "B22", "B23", "B24", "B25" ]	17,342,250	NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|pmid-6130439\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|pmid-6130439\|NA	This conclusion was verified later by the use of subtype specific opioid receptor antagonists[20].	[ "7", "16–25", "17", "18", "19", "20", "21", "22", "23", "24", "25" ]	98	19	1	false	This conclusion was verified later by the use of subtype specific opioid receptor antagonists.	[ "20" ]	This conclusion was verified later by the use of subtype specific opioid receptor antagonists.	true	true	true	true	true	2
2	DISCUSSION	1	21	[ "B7", "B16 B17 B18 B19 B20 B21 B22 B23 B24 B25", "B17", "B18", "B19", "B20", "B21", "B22", "B23", "B24", "B25" ]	17,342,250	NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|pmid-6130439\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|pmid-6130439\|NA	The direct evidence [21]was obtained by measuring the neuropeptide release in the CNS triggered by electro-acupuncture of different frequencies.	[ "7", "16–25", "17", "18", "19", "20", "21", "22", "23", "24", "25" ]	144	20	1	false	The direct evidence was obtained by measuring the neuropeptide release in the CNS triggered by electro-acupuncture of different frequencies.	[ "21" ]	The direct evidence was obtained by measuring the neuropeptide release in the CNS triggered by electro-acupuncture of different frequencies.	true	true	true	true	true	2
2	DISCUSSION	1	7	[ "B7", "B16 B17 B18 B19 B20 B21 B22 B23 B24 B25", "B17", "B18", "B19", "B20", "B21", "B22", "B23", "B24", "B25" ]	17,342,250	NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|pmid-6130439\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|pmid-6130439\|NA	Results have shown that 2 Hz electro-acupuncture produced a 7 fold increase in enkephalin but not dynorphin.	[ "7", "16–25", "17", "18", "19", "20", "21", "22", "23", "24", "25" ]	108	21	0	false	Results have shown that 2 Hz electro-acupuncture produced a 7 fold increase in enkephalin but not dynorphin.	[]	Results have shown that 2 Hz electro-acupuncture produced a 7 fold increase in enkephalin but not dynorphin.	true	true	true	true	true	2
2	DISCUSSION	1	7	[ "B7", "B16 B17 B18 B19 B20 B21 B22 B23 B24 B25", "B17", "B18", "B19", "B20", "B21", "B22", "B23", "B24", "B25" ]	17,342,250	NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|pmid-6130439\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|pmid-6130439\|NA	In contrast, 100 Hz electro-acupuncture produced a 2 fold increase in the release of dynorphin but not enkephalin.	[ "7", "16–25", "17", "18", "19", "20", "21", "22", "23", "24", "25" ]	114	22	0	false	In contrast, 100 Hz electro-acupuncture produced a 2 fold increase in the release of dynorphin but not enkephalin.	[]	In contrast, 100 Hz electro-acupuncture produced a 2 fold increase in the release of dynorphin but not enkephalin.	true	true	true	true	true	2
2	DISCUSSION	1	22	[ "B7", "B16 B17 B18 B19 B20 B21 B22 B23 B24 B25", "B17", "B18", "B19", "B20", "B21", "B22", "B23", "B24", "B25" ]	17,342,250	NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|pmid-6130439\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|pmid-6130439\|NA	Further studies have shown that β-EP [22] and endomorphin [23] share similar characteristics of a stimulation-induced release profile as enkephalin, i.e.	[ "7", "16–25", "17", "18", "19", "20", "21", "22", "23", "24", "25" ]	153	23	1	false	Further studies have shown that β-EP and endomorphin share similar characteristics of a stimulation-induced release profile as enkephalin, i.e.	[ "22", "23" ]	Further studies have shown that β-EP and endomorphin share similar characteristics of a stimulation-induced release profile as enkephalin, i.e.	true	true	true	true	true	2
2	DISCUSSION	1	7	[ "B7", "B16 B17 B18 B19 B20 B21 B22 B23 B24 B25", "B17", "B18", "B19", "B20", "B21", "B22", "B23", "B24", "B25" ]	17,342,250	NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|pmid-6130439\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|pmid-6130439\|NA	preferable to 2 Hz stimulation, leaving dynorphin as the only opioid peptide responsive to high-frequency stimulation and there was a general consensus that μ and κ opioid receptor agonists possess an analgesic effect [24,25].	[ "7", "16–25", "17", "18", "19", "20", "21", "22", "23", "24", "25" ]	226	24	0	false	preferable to 2 Hz stimulation, leaving dynorphin as the only opioid peptide responsive to high-frequency stimulation and there was a general consensus that μ and κ opioid receptor agonists possess an analgesic effect.	[ "24,25" ]	preferable to 2 Hz stimulation, leaving dynorphin as the only opioid peptide responsive to high-frequency stimulation and there was a general consensus that μ and κ opioid receptor agonists possess an analgesic effect.	false	true	true	true	false	2
2	DISCUSSION	1	7	[ "B7", "B16 B17 B18 B19 B20 B21 B22 B23 B24 B25", "B17", "B18", "B19", "B20", "B21", "B22", "B23", "B24", "B25" ]	17,342,250	NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|pmid-6130439\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|pmid-6130439\|NA	These results were primarily obtained in animals and recently verified in humans.	[ "7", "16–25", "17", "18", "19", "20", "21", "22", "23", "24", "25" ]	81	25	0	false	These results were primarily obtained in animals and recently verified in humans.	[]	These results were primarily obtained in animals and recently verified in humans.	true	true	true	true	true	2
2	DISCUSSION	1	7	[ "B7", "B16 B17 B18 B19 B20 B21 B22 B23 B24 B25", "B17", "B18", "B19", "B20", "B21", "B22", "B23", "B24", "B25" ]	17,342,250	NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|pmid-6130439\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|pmid-6130439\|NA	One could thus anticipate that if low-frequency stimulation appears alternately with high-frequency stimulation, both enkephalin and dynorphin will be released successively or simultaneously to produce a more potent analgesic effect via a synergistic interaction between the opioid peptides.	[ "7", "16–25", "17", "18", "19", "20", "21", "22", "23", "24", "25" ]	291	26	0	false	One could thus anticipate that if low-frequency stimulation appears alternately with high-frequency stimulation, both enkephalin and dynorphin will be released successively or simultaneously to produce a more potent analgesic effect via a synergistic interaction between the opioid peptides.	[]	One could thus anticipate that if low-frequency stimulation appears alternately with high-frequency stimulation, both enkephalin and dynorphin will be released successively or simultaneously to produce a more potent analgesic effect via a synergistic interaction between the opioid peptides.	true	true	true	true	true	2
3	DISCUSSION	0	null	null	17,342,250	null	β-EP and 5-HT are both neurotransmitters of CNS, which interact with each other and have relationship with the transmission of peripheral pain and contraction of the uterus.	null	173	27	0	false	null	null	β-EP and 5-HT are both neurotransmitters of CNS, which interact with each other and have relationship with the transmission of peripheral pain and contraction of the uterus.	false	true	true	true	false	3
3	DISCUSSION	0	null	null	17,342,250	null	Selection of them is based on observed indexes.	null	47	28	0	false	null	null	Selection of them is based on observed indexes.	true	true	true	true	true	3
4	DISCUSSION	1	26	[ "B26", "B27" ]	17,342,250	pmid-6305238\|pmid-6279134	β-EP is derived from proopiocortin, in the anterior pituitary gland and is released into the circulation under conditions of pain and stress.	[ "26", "27" ]	141	29	0	false	β-EP is derived from proopiocortin, in the anterior pituitary gland and is released into the circulation under conditions of pain and stress.	[]	β-EP is derived from proopiocortin, in the anterior pituitary gland and is released into the circulation under conditions of pain and stress.	false	true	true	true	false	4
4	DISCUSSION	1	26	[ "B26", "B27" ]	17,342,250	pmid-6305238\|pmid-6279134	The concentration of this increases during unmedicated labor.	[ "26", "27" ]	61	30	0	false	The concentration of this increases during unmedicated labor.	[]	The concentration of this increases during unmedicated labor.	true	true	true	true	true	4
4	DISCUSSION	1	26	[ "B26", "B27" ]	17,342,250	pmid-6305238\|pmid-6279134	Abboud et al.	[ "26", "27" ]	13	31	0	false	Abboud et al.	[]	Abboud et al.	true	true	true	true	true	4
4	DISCUSSION	1	26	[ "B26", "B27" ]	17,342,250	pmid-6305238\|pmid-6279134	[26] measured concentrations of β-EP in non-pregnant healthy women, and among two groups of women in established labor: one prior to and after epidural analgesia, and the other before and after saline.	[ "26", "27" ]	201	32	1	false	measured concentrations of β-EP in non-pregnant healthy women, and among two groups of women in established labor: one prior to and after epidural analgesia, and the other before and after saline.	[ "26" ]	measured concentrations of β-EP in non-pregnant healthy women, and among two groups of women in established labor: one prior to and after epidural analgesia, and the other before and after saline.	false	true	true	true	false	4
4	DISCUSSION	1	26	[ "B26", "B27" ]	17,342,250	pmid-6305238\|pmid-6279134	β-EP concentration decreased by 50% in those who received epidural analgesia whereas there was no significant change in those who received saline.	[ "26", "27" ]	146	33	0	false	β-EP concentration decreased by 50% in those who received epidural analgesia whereas there was no significant change in those who received saline.	[]	β-EP concentration decreased by 50% in those who received epidural analgesia whereas there was no significant change in those who received saline.	false	true	true	true	false	4
4	DISCUSSION	1	26	[ "B26", "B27" ]	17,342,250	pmid-6305238\|pmid-6279134	The finding suggests that labor pain is an important factor in causing β-EP release during labor.	[ "26", "27" ]	97	34	0	false	The finding suggests that labor pain is an important factor in causing β-EP release during labor.	[]	The finding suggests that labor pain is an important factor in causing β-EP release during labor.	true	true	true	true	true	4
4	DISCUSSION	1	27	[ "B26", "B27" ]	17,342,250	pmid-6305238\|pmid-6279134	Thomas [27] et al also found that serum β-EP concentration increased during labor and the increase was significantly greater among women who received nitrous oxide than those who received intramuscular pethidine or epidural analgesia.	[ "26", "27" ]	234	35	1	false	Thomas et al also found that serum β-EP concentration increased during labor and the increase was significantly greater among women who received nitrous oxide than those who received intramuscular pethidine or epidural analgesia.	[ "27" ]	Thomas et al also found that serum β-EP concentration increased during labor and the increase was significantly greater among women who received nitrous oxide than those who received intramuscular pethidine or epidural analgesia.	true	true	true	true	true	4
5	DISCUSSION	1	28–30	[ "B28 B29 B30", "B31 B32 B33", "B34", "B35", "B36", "B31", "B33", "B37", "B38", "B48" ]	17,342,250	NA\|NA\|NA\|pmid-14622832\|pmid-15312783\|pmid-15312782\|pmid-7116141\|pmid-1422859\|pmid-8420635\|pmid-14622832\|pmid-15312782\|pmid-3485785\|pmid-187888\|pmid-920207	Studies have demonstrated that acupuncture-mediated analgesia is modulated through a central mechanism involving neurohumoral pathways.	[ "28–30", "31–33", "34", "35", "36", "31", "33", "37", "38", "48" ]	135	36	0	false	Studies have demonstrated that acupuncture-mediated analgesia is modulated through a central mechanism involving neurohumoral pathways.	[]	Studies have demonstrated that acupuncture-mediated analgesia is modulated through a central mechanism involving neurohumoral pathways.	true	true	true	true	true	5
5	DISCUSSION	1	28–30	[ "B28 B29 B30", "B31 B32 B33", "B34", "B35", "B36", "B31", "B33", "B37", "B38", "B48" ]	17,342,250	NA\|NA\|NA\|pmid-14622832\|pmid-15312783\|pmid-15312782\|pmid-7116141\|pmid-1422859\|pmid-8420635\|pmid-14622832\|pmid-15312782\|pmid-3485785\|pmid-187888\|pmid-920207	The stimulation of the acupuncture point by needling, selectively activates myelinated nerve fibers	[ "28–30", "31–33", "34", "35", "36", "31", "33", "37", "38", "48" ]	99	37	0	false	The stimulation of the acupuncture point by needling, selectively activates myelinated nerve fibers	[]	The stimulation of the acupuncture point by needling, selectively activates myelinated nerve fibers	true	true	false	true	false	5
5	DISCUSSION	1	31–33	[ "B28 B29 B30", "B31 B32 B33", "B34", "B35", "B36", "B31", "B33", "B37", "B38", "B48" ]	17,342,250	NA\|NA\|NA\|pmid-14622832\|pmid-15312783\|pmid-15312782\|pmid-7116141\|pmid-1422859\|pmid-8420635\|pmid-14622832\|pmid-15312782\|pmid-3485785\|pmid-187888\|pmid-920207	This subsequently results in the activation of certain neurons in the spinal cord and supraspinal regions, including neurons in the deep layers of spinal dorsal horn, [31–33] the nucleus raphe magnus in the brain stem,[34] and the hypothalamus and thalamus [35,36].	[ "28–30", "31–33", "34", "35", "36", "31", "33", "37", "38", "48" ]	265	38	1	false	This subsequently results in the activation of certain neurons in the spinal cord and supraspinal regions, including neurons in the deep layers of spinal dorsal horn, the nucleus raphe magnus in the brain stem, and the hypothalamus and thalamus.	[ "31–33", "34", "35,36" ]	This subsequently results in the activation of certain neurons in the spinal cord and supraspinal regions, including neurons in the deep layers of spinal dorsal horn, the nucleus raphe magnus in the brain stem, and the hypothalamus and thalamus.	true	true	true	true	true	5
5	DISCUSSION	1	28–30	[ "B28 B29 B30", "B31 B32 B33", "B34", "B35", "B36", "B31", "B33", "B37", "B38", "B48" ]	17,342,250	NA\|NA\|NA\|pmid-14622832\|pmid-15312783\|pmid-15312782\|pmid-7116141\|pmid-1422859\|pmid-8420635\|pmid-14622832\|pmid-15312782\|pmid-3485785\|pmid-187888\|pmid-920207	These neurons modulate pain by inhibiting neurons located at the superficial layer of the dorsal horn and small unmyelinated fibers [31,33,37] as well as releasing neurotransmitters, such as β-EP and 5-HT [38-48].	[ "28–30", "31–33", "34", "35", "36", "31", "33", "37", "38", "48" ]	213	39	0	false	These neurons modulate pain by inhibiting neurons located at the superficial layer of the dorsal horn and small unmyelinated fibers as well as releasing neurotransmitters, such as β-EP and 5-HT.	[ "31,33,37", "38-48" ]	These neurons modulate pain by inhibiting neurons located at the superficial layer of the dorsal horn and small unmyelinated fibers as well as releasing neurotransmitters, such as β-EP and 5-HT.	true	true	true	true	true	5
6	DISCUSSION	1	49	[ "B49", "B50 B51 B52 B53 B54 B55 B56 B57 B58", "B59" ]	17,342,250	NA\|pmid-1840089\|NA\|NA\|NA\|pmid-9201546\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|pmid-7053025	Opioid peptides bind to their receptors on central neurons and produce analgesic effects [49].	[ "49", "50–58", "59" ]	94	40	1	false	Opioid peptides bind to their receptors on central neurons and produce analgesic effects.	[ "49" ]	Opioid peptides bind to their receptors on central neurons and produce analgesic effects.	true	true	true	true	true	6
6	DISCUSSION	1	49	[ "B49", "B50 B51 B52 B53 B54 B55 B56 B57 B58", "B59" ]	17,342,250	NA\|pmid-1840089\|NA\|NA\|NA\|pmid-9201546\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|pmid-7053025	However, whether, and to what extent, the peripheral release of opioids plays a role in acupuncture analgesia has not been investigated.	[ "49", "50–58", "59" ]	136	41	0	false	However, whether, and to what extent, the peripheral release of opioids plays a role in acupuncture analgesia has not been investigated.	[]	However, whether, and to what extent, the peripheral release of opioids plays a role in acupuncture analgesia has not been investigated.	true	true	true	true	true	6
6	DISCUSSION	1	49	[ "B49", "B50 B51 B52 B53 B54 B55 B56 B57 B58", "B59" ]	17,342,250	NA\|pmid-1840089\|NA\|NA\|NA\|pmid-9201546\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|pmid-7053025	Two lines of evidence suggest that acupuncture-induced peripheral opioid release is possible.	[ "49", "50–58", "59" ]	93	42	0	false	Two lines of evidence suggest that acupuncture-induced peripheral opioid release is possible.	[]	Two lines of evidence suggest that acupuncture-induced peripheral opioid release is possible.	true	true	true	true	true	6
6	DISCUSSION	1	50–58	[ "B49", "B50 B51 B52 B53 B54 B55 B56 B57 B58", "B59" ]	17,342,250	NA\|pmid-1840089\|NA\|NA\|NA\|pmid-9201546\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|pmid-7053025	First, acupuncture has been shown to modulate immunological activities,[50–58] and immune cells are a key component of the peripheral opioid system.	[ "49", "50–58", "59" ]	148	43	1	false	First, acupuncture has been shown to modulate immunological activities, and immune cells are a key component of the peripheral opioid system.	[ "50–58" ]	First, acupuncture has been shown to modulate immunological activities, and immune cells are a key component of the peripheral opioid system.	true	true	true	true	true	6
6	DISCUSSION	1	49	[ "B49", "B50 B51 B52 B53 B54 B55 B56 B57 B58", "B59" ]	17,342,250	NA\|pmid-1840089\|NA\|NA\|NA\|pmid-9201546\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|pmid-7053025	Second, central opioid mechanisms do not explain why needling an acupuncture point adjacent to a painful area, a common clinical practice, is generally more effective in relieving pain than needling remote areas, a phenomenon that is consonant with the presence of a localized analgesic mechanism.	[ "49", "50–58", "59" ]	297	44	0	false	Second, central opioid mechanisms do not explain why needling an acupuncture point adjacent to a painful area, a common clinical practice, is generally more effective in relieving pain than needling remote areas, a phenomenon that is consonant with the presence of a localized analgesic mechanism.	[]	Second, central opioid mechanisms do not explain why needling an acupuncture point adjacent to a painful area, a common clinical practice, is generally more effective in relieving pain than needling remote areas, a phenomenon that is consonant with the presence of a localized analgesic mechanism.	true	true	true	true	true	6
6	DISCUSSION	1	59	[ "B49", "B50 B51 B52 B53 B54 B55 B56 B57 B58", "B59" ]	17,342,250	NA\|pmid-1840089\|NA\|NA\|NA\|pmid-9201546\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|pmid-7053025	Endogenous morphine release has been described as a possible mechanism of acupuncture-mediated analgesia [59].	[ "49", "50–58", "59" ]	110	45	1	false	Endogenous morphine release has been described as a possible mechanism of acupuncture-mediated analgesia.	[ "59" ]	Endogenous morphine release has been described as a possible mechanism of acupuncture-mediated analgesia.	true	true	true	true	true	6
6	DISCUSSION	1	49	[ "B49", "B50 B51 B52 B53 B54 B55 B56 B57 B58", "B59" ]	17,342,250	NA\|pmid-1840089\|NA\|NA\|NA\|pmid-9201546\|NA\|NA\|NA\|NA\|pmid-7053025	This is confirmed by our data.	[ "49", "50–58", "59" ]	30	46	0	false	This is confirmed by our data.	[]	This is confirmed by our data.	true	true	true	true	true	6
7	DISCUSSION	0	null	null	17,342,250	null	Clinical research has shown that after electro-acupuncture, the release of β-EP into the peripheral blood improved and patients' labor pain was alleviated.	null	155	47	0	false	null	null	Clinical research has shown that after electro-acupuncture, the release of β-EP into the peripheral blood improved and patients' labor pain was alleviated.	true	true	true	true	true	7
7	DISCUSSION	0	null	null	17,342,250	null	The release of β-EP represents a natural mechanism for the modulation of stress.	null	80	48	0	false	null	null	The release of β-EP represents a natural mechanism for the modulation of stress.	true	true	true	true	true	7
7	DISCUSSION	0	null	null	17,342,250	null	β-EP can antagonize and coordinate contraction of uterus caused by oxytocin.	null	76	49	0	false	null	null	β-EP can antagonize and coordinate contraction of uterus caused by oxytocin.	false	true	true	true	false	7
7	DISCUSSION	0	null	null	17,342,250	null	The increased release of β-EP into the peripheral blood after electro-acupuncture, which is greater than natural vaginal delivery, activates an endogenous analgesia system and lessens the afferent sign of labor pain and increases the tolerance to labor pain.	null	258	50	0	false	null	null	The increased release of β-EP into the peripheral blood after electro-acupuncture, which is greater than natural vaginal delivery, activates an endogenous analgesia system and lessens the afferent sign of labor pain and increases the tolerance to labor pain.	true	true	true	true	true	7
7	DISCUSSION	0	null	null	17,342,250	null	One might then believe that increasing the release of β-EP into the peripheral blood is one mechanism of the electro-acupuncture in relieving labor pain.	null	153	51	0	false	null	null	One might then believe that increasing the release of β-EP into the peripheral blood is one mechanism of the electro-acupuncture in relieving labor pain.	true	true	true	true	true	7
7	DISCUSSION	0	null	null	17,342,250	null	It is through regulating the CNS and the contraction of uterus that β-EP plays a significant role in relieving labor pain with electro-acupuncture.	null	147	52	0	false	null	null	It is through regulating the CNS and the contraction of uterus that β-EP plays a significant role in relieving labor pain with electro-acupuncture.	true	true	true	true	true	7
8	DISCUSSION	1	60	[ "B60", "B61", "B62", "B63" ]	17,342,250	NA\|pmid-10447217\|pmid-11203736\|NA	Prior to the discovery of endogenous opioids, Han [60] focused on various candidate neurotransmitters including monoamines, and found that 5-HT was most important among classical neurotransmitters for the mediation of acupuncture analgesia.	[ "60", "61", "62", "63" ]	240	53	1	false	Prior to the discovery of endogenous opioids, Han focused on various candidate neurotransmitters including monoamines, and found that 5-HT was most important among classical neurotransmitters for the mediation of acupuncture analgesia.	[ "60" ]	Prior to the discovery of endogenous opioids, Han focused on various candidate neurotransmitters including monoamines, and found that 5-HT was most important among classical neurotransmitters for the mediation of acupuncture analgesia.	true	true	true	true	true	8
8	DISCUSSION	1	60	[ "B60", "B61", "B62", "B63" ]	17,342,250	NA\|pmid-10447217\|pmid-11203736\|NA	5-HT is released from platelets due to tissue damage or ischemia and participates in pain mediation via the 5-HT3 receptor.	[ "60", "61", "62", "63" ]	123	54	0	false	5-HT is released from platelets due to tissue damage or ischemia and participates in pain mediation via the 5-HT3 receptor.	[]	5-HT is released from platelets due to tissue damage or ischemia and participates in pain mediation via the 5-HT3 receptor.	false	false	true	true	false	8
8	DISCUSSION	1	61	[ "B60", "B61", "B62", "B63" ]	17,342,250	NA\|pmid-10447217\|pmid-11203736\|NA	A previous study [61] has shown that high levels of 5-HT in the masseter muscle was associated with pain and allodynia/hyperalgesia in patients with chronic myalgia.	[ "60", "61", "62", "63" ]	165	55	1	false	A previous study has shown that high levels of 5-HT in the masseter muscle was associated with pain and allodynia/hyperalgesia in patients with chronic myalgia.	[ "61" ]	A previous study has shown that high levels of 5-HT in the masseter muscle was associated with pain and allodynia/hyperalgesia in patients with chronic myalgia.	true	true	true	true	true	8
8	DISCUSSION	1	62	[ "B60", "B61", "B62", "B63" ]	17,342,250	NA\|pmid-10447217\|pmid-11203736\|NA	It also seems that circulating 5-HT may be involved in determining the mechanical pain threshold over healthy muscles, since a high level of 5-HT was associated with a low pressure pain threshold (PPT) in healthy subjects [62].	[ "60", "61", "62", "63" ]	227	56	1	false	It also seems that circulating 5-HT may be involved in determining the mechanical pain threshold over healthy muscles, since a high level of 5-HT was associated with a low pressure pain threshold (PPT) in healthy subjects.	[ "62" ]	It also seems that circulating 5-HT may be involved in determining the mechanical pain threshold over healthy muscles, since a high level of 5-HT was associated with a low pressure pain threshold (PPT) in healthy subjects.	true	true	true	true	true	8
8	DISCUSSION	1	60	[ "B60", "B61", "B62", "B63" ]	17,342,250	NA\|pmid-10447217\|pmid-11203736\|NA	Electro-acupuncture can increase the concentration of 5-HT in peripheral blood and the CNS, as electro-acupuncture can improve the concentration of tryptophane in blood which is a necessary precursor to combine 5-HT.	[ "60", "61", "62", "63" ]	216	57	0	false	Electro-acupuncture can increase the concentration of 5-HT in peripheral blood and the CNS, as electro-acupuncture can improve the concentration of tryptophane in blood which is a necessary precursor to combine 5-HT.	[]	Electro-acupuncture can increase the concentration of 5-HT in peripheral blood and the CNS, as electro-acupuncture can improve the concentration of tryptophane in blood which is a necessary precursor to combine 5-HT.	true	true	true	true	true	8
8	DISCUSSION	1	63	[ "B60", "B61", "B62", "B63" ]	17,342,250	NA\|pmid-10447217\|pmid-11203736\|NA	As a consequence, this improves the permeability of blood-brain barrier [63].	[ "60", "61", "62", "63" ]	77	58	1	false	As a consequence, this improves the permeability of blood-brain barrier.	[ "63" ]	As a consequence, this improves the permeability of blood-brain barrier.	true	true	true	true	true	8
8	DISCUSSION	1	60	[ "B60", "B61", "B62", "B63" ]	17,342,250	NA\|pmid-10447217\|pmid-11203736\|NA	The study has shown that it is through the CNS that 5-HT functions in relieving labor pain with electro-acupuncture.	[ "60", "61", "62", "63" ]	116	59	0	false	The study has shown that it is through the CNS that 5-HT functions in relieving labor pain with electro-acupuncture.	[]	The study has shown that it is through the CNS that 5-HT functions in relieving labor pain with electro-acupuncture.	true	true	true	true	true	8
0	INTRODUCTION	1	1–3	[ "B1 B2 B3" ]	17,426,135	pmid-15809261\|pmid-10508687\|NA	Eukaryotes contain thousands of genes that are expressed in unique patterns to ensure the correct establishment of cellular identities.	[ "1–3" ]	135	60	0	false	Eukaryotes contain thousands of genes that are expressed in unique patterns to ensure the correct establishment of cellular identities.	[]	Eukaryotes contain thousands of genes that are expressed in unique patterns to ensure the correct establishment of cellular identities.	true	true	true	true	true	9
0	INTRODUCTION	1	1–3	[ "B1 B2 B3" ]	17,426,135	pmid-15809261\|pmid-10508687\|NA	This process requires the coordinate transcriptional regulation of hundreds of genes.	[ "1–3" ]	85	61	0	false	This process requires the coordinate transcriptional regulation of hundreds of genes.	[]	This process requires the coordinate transcriptional regulation of hundreds of genes.	true	true	true	true	true	9
0	INTRODUCTION	1	1–3	[ "B1 B2 B3" ]	17,426,135	pmid-15809261\|pmid-10508687\|NA	Gene expression is controlled by promoter sequences located immediately upstream of the transcriptional start sites of genes as well as additional regulatory sequences present close to or within the genes themselves.	[ "1–3" ]	216	62	0	false	Gene expression is controlled by promoter sequences located immediately upstream of the transcriptional start sites of genes as well as additional regulatory sequences present close to or within the genes themselves.	[]	Gene expression is controlled by promoter sequences located immediately upstream of the transcriptional start sites of genes as well as additional regulatory sequences present close to or within the genes themselves.	true	true	true	true	true	9
0	INTRODUCTION	1	1–3	[ "B1 B2 B3" ]	17,426,135	pmid-15809261\|pmid-10508687\|NA	These cis-regulatory elements, which can act as enhancers or silencers of gene expression, are stretches of DNA that usually span a few hundred base pairs, even while being able to exert long-range effects regardless of their position or orientation (1–3).	[ "1–3" ]	256	63	1	false	These cis-regulatory elements, which can act as enhancers or silencers of gene expression, are stretches of DNA that usually span a few hundred base pairs, even while being able to exert long-range effects regardless of their position or orientation.	[ "1–3" ]	These cis-regulatory elements, which can act as enhancers or silencers of gene expression, are stretches of DNA that usually span a few hundred base pairs, even while being able to exert long-range effects regardless of their position or orientation.	true	true	true	true	true	9
0	INTRODUCTION	1	1–3	[ "B1 B2 B3" ]	17,426,135	pmid-15809261\|pmid-10508687\|NA	At the same time, neighbouring genes which should theoretically be influenced by the same enhancer often display independent transcription profiles.	[ "1–3" ]	148	64	0	false	At the same time, neighbouring genes which should theoretically be influenced by the same enhancer often display independent transcription profiles.	[]	At the same time, neighbouring genes which should theoretically be influenced by the same enhancer often display independent transcription profiles.	true	true	true	true	true	9
0	INTRODUCTION	1	1–3	[ "B1 B2 B3" ]	17,426,135	pmid-15809261\|pmid-10508687\|NA	This raises the fundamental question of how the range of enhancer action can be restricted.	[ "1–3" ]	91	65	0	false	This raises the fundamental question of how the range of enhancer action can be restricted.	[]	This raises the fundamental question of how the range of enhancer action can be restricted.	true	true	true	true	true	9
1	INTRODUCTION	1	3–5	[ "B3 B4 B5" ]	17,426,135	NA\|pmid-12971721\|pmid-14517543\|pmid-11700282\|pmid-12787766\|pmid-12067651\|pmid-11865056\|pmid-12700350	Evidence suggests that the control of specific expression patterns may be correlated with the spatial positioning of genes within the nucleus.	[ "3–5" ]	142	66	0	false	Evidence suggests that the control of specific expression patterns may be correlated with the spatial positioning of genes within the nucleus.	[]	Evidence suggests that the control of specific expression patterns may be correlated with the spatial positioning of genes within the nucleus.	true	true	true	true	true	10
1	INTRODUCTION	1	3–5	[ "B3 B4 B5" ]	17,426,135	NA\|pmid-12971721\|pmid-14517543\|pmid-11700282\|pmid-12787766\|pmid-12067651\|pmid-11865056\|pmid-12700350	Indeed, recent data have shown that enhancers and their target promoters are in close proximity to each other within the nuclear space.	[ "3–5" ]	135	67	0	false	Indeed, recent data have shown that enhancers and their target promoters are in close proximity to each other within the nuclear space.	[]	Indeed, recent data have shown that enhancers and their target promoters are in close proximity to each other within the nuclear space.	true	true	true	true	true	10
1	INTRODUCTION	1	3–5	[ "B3 B4 B5" ]	17,426,135	NA\|pmid-12971721\|pmid-14517543\|pmid-11700282\|pmid-12787766\|pmid-12067651\|pmid-11865056\|pmid-12700350	These interactions persist during transcription, suggesting that the direct interactions of enhancers with their target genes may be important for activation (3–5).	[ "3–5" ]	164	68	1	false	These interactions persist during transcription, suggesting that the direct interactions of enhancers with their target genes may be important for activation.	[ "3–5" ]	These interactions persist during transcription, suggesting that the direct interactions of enhancers with their target genes may be important for activation.	true	true	true	true	true	10
1	INTRODUCTION	1	3–5	[ "B3 B4 B5" ]	17,426,135	NA\|pmid-12971721\|pmid-14517543\|pmid-11700282\|pmid-12787766\|pmid-12067651\|pmid-11865056\|pmid-12700350	These specific interactions are at least partly mediated by enhancers and by specific promoter-bound proteins.	[ "3–5" ]	110	69	0	false	These specific interactions are at least partly mediated by enhancers and by specific promoter-bound proteins.	[]	These specific interactions are at least partly mediated by enhancers and by specific promoter-bound proteins.	true	true	true	true	true	10
2	INTRODUCTION	1	6	[ "B6", "B7" ]	17,426,135	pmid-1848159\|pmid-1569958\|pmid-14996934\|pmid-11106742\|pmid-12925706	Distant enhancer and promoter interactions can also be limited by DNA elements called insulators.	[ "6", "7" ]	97	70	0	false	Distant enhancer and promoter interactions can also be limited by DNA elements called insulators.	[]	Distant enhancer and promoter interactions can also be limited by DNA elements called insulators.	true	true	true	true	true	11
2	INTRODUCTION	1	6	[ "B6", "B7" ]	17,426,135	pmid-1848159\|pmid-1569958\|pmid-14996934\|pmid-11106742\|pmid-12925706	Insulators possess two functional properties.	[ "6", "7" ]	45	71	0	false	Insulators possess two functional properties.	[]	Insulators possess two functional properties.	true	true	true	true	true	11
2	INTRODUCTION	1	6	[ "B6", "B7" ]	17,426,135	pmid-1848159\|pmid-1569958\|pmid-14996934\|pmid-11106742\|pmid-12925706	First, insulators positioned between enhancers and promoters can block their interaction.	[ "6", "7" ]	89	72	0	false	First, insulators positioned between enhancers and promoters can block their interaction.	[]	First, insulators positioned between enhancers and promoters can block their interaction.	true	true	true	true	true	11
2	INTRODUCTION	1	6	[ "B6", "B7" ]	17,426,135	pmid-1848159\|pmid-1569958\|pmid-14996934\|pmid-11106742\|pmid-12925706	Second, insulators (also called boundaries) prevent the advance of nearby condensed chromatin and thereby protect gene expression from positive or negative chromatin effects (6,7).	[ "6", "7" ]	180	73	0	false	Second, insulators (also called boundaries) prevent the advance of nearby condensed chromatin and thereby protect gene expression from positive or negative chromatin effects.	[ "6,7" ]	Second, insulators (also called boundaries) prevent the advance of nearby condensed chromatin and thereby protect gene expression from positive or negative chromatin effects.	true	true	true	true	true	11
2	INTRODUCTION	1	6	[ "B6", "B7" ]	17,426,135	pmid-1848159\|pmid-1569958\|pmid-14996934\|pmid-11106742\|pmid-12925706	Insulators have been identified in most eukaryotic genomes, suggesting that they have a conserved role in defining domains of gene function.	[ "6", "7" ]	140	74	0	false	Insulators have been identified in most eukaryotic genomes, suggesting that they have a conserved role in defining domains of gene function.	[]	Insulators have been identified in most eukaryotic genomes, suggesting that they have a conserved role in defining domains of gene function.	true	true	true	true	true	11
2	INTRODUCTION	1	6	[ "B6", "B7" ]	17,426,135	pmid-1848159\|pmid-1569958\|pmid-14996934\|pmid-11106742\|pmid-12925706	They have also been shown to play critical roles in many developmental processes, such as imprinting and mammalian dosage compensation.	[ "6", "7" ]	135	75	0	false	They have also been shown to play critical roles in many developmental processes, such as imprinting and mammalian dosage compensation.	[]	They have also been shown to play critical roles in many developmental processes, such as imprinting and mammalian dosage compensation.	true	true	true	true	true	11
3	INTRODUCTION	1	8	[ "B8", "B9", "B10", "B11", "B12" ]	17,426,135	pmid-15815711\|pmid-11161205\|pmid-11161206\|pmid-16227580\|pmid-11106742	The Drosophila genome contains many sequences with insulator function (8).	[ "8", "9", "10", "11", "12" ]	74	76	1	false	The Drosophila genome contains many sequences with insulator function.	[ "8" ]	The Drosophila genome contains many sequences with insulator function.	true	true	true	true	true	12
3	INTRODUCTION	1	8	[ "B8", "B9", "B10", "B11", "B12" ]	17,426,135	pmid-15815711\|pmid-11161205\|pmid-11161206\|pmid-16227580\|pmid-11106742	The first insulators to be identified were scs and scs′, which correspond to regions of unusual chromatin structure flanking the decondensed domain produced by the transcription of two heat-shock (hs) genes.	[ "8", "9", "10", "11", "12" ]	207	77	0	false	The first insulators to be identified were scs and scs′, which correspond to regions of unusual chromatin structure flanking the decondensed domain produced by the transcription of two heat-shock (hs) genes.	[]	The first insulators to be identified were scs and scs′, which correspond to regions of unusual chromatin structure flanking the decondensed domain produced by the transcription of two heat-shock (hs) genes.	true	true	true	true	true	12
3	INTRODUCTION	1	8	[ "B8", "B9", "B10", "B11", "B12" ]	17,426,135	pmid-15815711\|pmid-11161205\|pmid-11161206\|pmid-16227580\|pmid-11106742	Another Drosophila insulator is the gypsy insulator.	[ "8", "9", "10", "11", "12" ]	52	78	0	false	Another Drosophila insulator is the gypsy insulator.	[]	Another Drosophila insulator is the gypsy insulator.	true	true	true	true	true	12
3	INTRODUCTION	1	8	[ "B8", "B9", "B10", "B11", "B12" ]	17,426,135	pmid-15815711\|pmid-11161205\|pmid-11161206\|pmid-16227580\|pmid-11106742	This element was identified as the region within the gypsy retrotransposon that is responsible for the induction of tissue-specific mutations in many genes.	[ "8", "9", "10", "11", "12" ]	156	79	0	false	This element was identified as the region within the gypsy retrotransposon that is responsible for the induction of tissue-specific mutations in many genes.	[]	This element was identified as the region within the gypsy retrotransposon that is responsible for the induction of tissue-specific mutations in many genes.	true	true	true	true	true	12
3	INTRODUCTION	1	8	[ "B8", "B9", "B10", "B11", "B12" ]	17,426,135	pmid-15815711\|pmid-11161205\|pmid-11161206\|pmid-16227580\|pmid-11106742	Although the gypsy insulator acts as an enhancer blocker when present as a single copy, when two gypsy insulators are present between an enhancer and a promoter they lose their enhancer-blocking activity (9,10); in other words, the presence of two gypsy insulators results in an insulator bypass.	[ "8", "9", "10", "11", "12" ]	296	80	0	false	Although the gypsy insulator acts as an enhancer blocker when present as a single copy, when two gypsy insulators are present between an enhancer and a promoter they lose their enhancer-blocking activity ; in other words, the presence of two gypsy insulators results in an insulator bypass.	[ "9,10" ]	Although the gypsy insulator acts as an enhancer blocker when present as a single copy, when two gypsy insulators are present between an enhancer and a promoter they lose their enhancer-blocking activity ; in other words, the presence of two gypsy insulators results in an insulator bypass.	true	true	true	true	true	12
3	INTRODUCTION	1	11	[ "B8", "B9", "B10", "B11", "B12" ]	17,426,135	pmid-15815711\|pmid-11161205\|pmid-11161206\|pmid-16227580\|pmid-11106742	Gypsy insulators have also been shown to stabilize trans activation between distantly located enhancers and promoters (11).	[ "8", "9", "10", "11", "12" ]	123	81	1	false	Gypsy insulators have also been shown to stabilize trans activation between distantly located enhancers and promoters.	[ "11" ]	Gypsy insulators have also been shown to stabilize trans activation between distantly located enhancers and promoters.	true	true	true	true	true	12
3	INTRODUCTION	1	12	[ "B8", "B9", "B10", "B11", "B12" ]	17,426,135	pmid-15815711\|pmid-11161205\|pmid-11161206\|pmid-16227580\|pmid-11106742	While the proteins bound to the gypsy insulator are uniformly distributed along polytene chromosomes, in interphase nuclei of diploid cells they coalesce into large foci called insulator bodies (12).	[ "8", "9", "10", "11", "12" ]	199	82	1	false	While the proteins bound to the gypsy insulator are uniformly distributed along polytene chromosomes, in interphase nuclei of diploid cells they coalesce into large foci called insulator bodies.	[ "12" ]	While the proteins bound to the gypsy insulator are uniformly distributed along polytene chromosomes, in interphase nuclei of diploid cells they coalesce into large foci called insulator bodies.	true	true	true	true	true	12
4	INTRODUCTION	1	13	[ "B13", "B14", "B12" ]	17,426,135	pmid-7637789\|pmid-8557045\|pmid-11106742	The enhancer-blocking effects of insulators are accomplished without affecting the intrinsic properties of any of the regulatory elements, implying that insulators somehow disrupt the signalling between enhancers, silencers and promoters (13,14).	[ "13", "14", "12" ]	246	83	0	false	The enhancer-blocking effects of insulators are accomplished without affecting the intrinsic properties of any of the regulatory elements, implying that insulators somehow disrupt the signalling between enhancers, silencers and promoters.	[ "13,14" ]	The enhancer-blocking effects of insulators are accomplished without affecting the intrinsic properties of any of the regulatory elements, implying that insulators somehow disrupt the signalling between enhancers, silencers and promoters.	true	true	true	true	true	13
4	INTRODUCTION	1	12	[ "B13", "B14", "B12" ]	17,426,135	pmid-7637789\|pmid-8557045\|pmid-11106742	While the mechanism whereby insulators establish independent functional domains is unclear, it might involve interactions between insulators and/or nuclear substructures to form loop domains that limit the action of transcriptional regulatory elements (12).	[ "13", "14", "12" ]	257	84	1	false	While the mechanism whereby insulators establish independent functional domains is unclear, it might involve interactions between insulators and/or nuclear substructures to form loop domains that limit the action of transcriptional regulatory elements.	[ "12" ]	While the mechanism whereby insulators establish independent functional domains is unclear, it might involve interactions between insulators and/or nuclear substructures to form loop domains that limit the action of transcriptional regulatory elements.	true	true	true	true	true	13
5	INTRODUCTION	1	15	[ "B15", "B16", "B15" ]	17,426,135	pmid-10331252\|pmid-11865056\|pmid-10331252\|pmid-11106742\|pmid-9286681\|pmid-12629048\|pmid-12062099\|pmid-14996934	Some years ago, we reported the identification of alleles of the Drosophila melanogaster white gene that were caused by the successive insertion of two LTR retrotransposons called ZAM and Idefix (15).	[ "15", "16", "15" ]	200	85	1	false	Some years ago, we reported the identification of alleles of the Drosophila melanogaster white gene that were caused by the successive insertion of two LTR retrotransposons called ZAM and Idefix.	[ "15" ]	Some years ago, we reported the identification of alleles of the Drosophila melanogaster white gene that were caused by the successive insertion of two LTR retrotransposons called ZAM and Idefix.	true	true	true	true	true	14
5	INTRODUCTION	1	15	[ "B15", "B16", "B15" ]	17,426,135	pmid-10331252\|pmid-11865056\|pmid-10331252\|pmid-11106742\|pmid-9286681\|pmid-12629048\|pmid-12062099\|pmid-14996934	Subsequent analysis of the molecular mechanisms by which ZAM and Idefix interfere with white gene regulation revealed that the 5′ untranslated region (5′ UTR) of ZAM bears cis-acting regulatory sequences that can enhance the transcription of white in the eyes of a line called RevI.	[ "15", "16", "15" ]	282	86	0	false	Subsequent analysis of the molecular mechanisms by which ZAM and Idefix interfere with white gene regulation revealed that the 5′ untranslated region (5′ UTR) of ZAM bears cis-acting regulatory sequences that can enhance the transcription of white in the eyes of a line called RevI.	[]	Subsequent analysis of the molecular mechanisms by which ZAM and Idefix interfere with white gene regulation revealed that the 5′ untranslated region of ZAM bears cis-acting regulatory sequences that can enhance the transcription of white in the eyes of a line called RevI.	true	true	true	true	true	14
5	INTRODUCTION	1	16	[ "B15", "B16", "B15" ]	17,426,135	pmid-10331252\|pmid-11865056\|pmid-10331252\|pmid-11106742\|pmid-9286681\|pmid-12629048\|pmid-12062099\|pmid-14996934	In another line, called RevII, this activation can be counteracted by the long terminal repeat (LTR) of Idefix, which acts as an insulator in the flies’ eyes to isolate the white gene from the upstream ZAM enhancer (16).	[ "15", "16", "15" ]	220	87	1	false	In another line, called RevII, this activation can be counteracted by the long terminal repeat (LTR) of Idefix, which acts as an insulator in the flies’ eyes to isolate the white gene from the upstream ZAM enhancer.	[ "16" ]	In another line, called RevII, this activation can be counteracted by the long terminal repeat (LTR) of Idefix, which acts as an insulator in the flies’ eyes to isolate the white gene from the upstream ZAM enhancer.	true	true	true	true	true	14
5	INTRODUCTION	1	15	[ "B15", "B16", "B15" ]	17,426,135	pmid-10331252\|pmid-11865056\|pmid-10331252\|pmid-11106742\|pmid-9286681\|pmid-12629048\|pmid-12062099\|pmid-14996934	We also reported the surprising discovery that an additional copy of Idefix inserted between the ZAM enhancer and the white gene in a line called RevIV leads to the full reversion of the orange eye colour phenotype that is caused by the presence of a single Idefix element: in the presence of both copies of Idefix, the eyes became brick red.	[ "15", "16", "15" ]	342	88	0	false	We also reported the surprising discovery that an additional copy of Idefix inserted between the ZAM enhancer and the white gene in a line called RevIV leads to the full reversion of the orange eye colour phenotype that is caused by the presence of a single Idefix element: in the presence of both copies of Idefix, the eyes became brick red.	[]	We also reported the surprising discovery that an additional copy of Idefix inserted between the ZAM enhancer and the white gene in a line called RevIV leads to the full reversion of the orange eye colour phenotype that is caused by the presence of a single Idefix element: in the presence of both copies of Idefix, the eyes became brick red.	true	true	true	true	true	14
5	INTRODUCTION	1	15	[ "B15", "B16", "B15" ]	17,426,135	pmid-10331252\|pmid-11865056\|pmid-10331252\|pmid-11106742\|pmid-9286681\|pmid-12629048\|pmid-12062099\|pmid-14996934	This reversion occurred through a mechanism that remained unelucidated (15).	[ "15", "16", "15" ]	76	89	1	false	This reversion occurred through a mechanism that remained unelucidated.	[ "15" ]	This reversion occurred through a mechanism that remained unelucidated.	true	true	true	true	true	14
6	INTRODUCTION	0	null	null	17,426,135	pmid-3002631	In this study, we sought to advance our understanding of the insulator properties of Idefix and of its potential impact on nearby genes.	null	136	90	0	false	null	null	In this study, we sought to advance our understanding of the insulator properties of Idefix and of its potential impact on nearby genes.	true	true	true	true	true	15
6	INTRODUCTION	0	null	null	17,426,135	pmid-3002631	We combined transgenic experiments with 3D fluorescent in situ hybridization (3D FISH)-immunoassays to further dissect its enhancer-blocker properties.	null	151	91	0	false	null	null	We combined transgenic experiments with 3D fluorescent in situ hybridization (3D FISH)-immunoassays to further dissect its enhancer-blocker properties.	true	true	true	true	true	15
6	INTRODUCTION	0	null	null	17,426,135	pmid-3002631	We demonstrate that the ability of the Idefix insulator to protect genes from enhancer effects in cis is increased when two copies of the insulator are present.	null	160	92	0	false	null	null	We demonstrate that the ability of the Idefix insulator to protect genes from enhancer effects in cis is increased when two copies of the insulator are present.	true	true	true	true	true	15
6	INTRODUCTION	0	null	null	17,426,135	pmid-3002631	This is similar to data reported for tandem repeats of scs/scs′ elements.	null	73	93	0	false	null	null	This is similar to data reported for tandem repeats of scs/scs′ elements.	true	true	true	true	true	15
6	INTRODUCTION	0	null	null	17,426,135	pmid-3002631	We also show that when an additional DNA fragment from the 5′ UTR of Idefix is fused to the insulator domain, the enhancer-blocking activity of the Idefix LTR is neutralized.	null	174	94	0	false	null	null	We also show that when an additional DNA fragment from the 5′ UTR of Idefix is fused to the insulator domain, the enhancer-blocking activity of the Idefix LTR is neutralized.	true	true	true	true	true	15
6	INTRODUCTION	0	null	null	17,426,135	pmid-3002631	This novel functional module promotes insulator bypass, as has been observed with pairs of gypsy insulators.	null	108	95	0	false	null	null	This novel functional module promotes insulator bypass, as has been observed with pairs of gypsy insulators.	true	true	true	true	true	15
6	INTRODUCTION	0	null	null	17,426,135	pmid-3002631	We further show that this loss of insulator function is correlated with a displacement of the tested sequence from the interior of the nucleus towards the nuclear periphery.	null	173	96	0	false	null	null	We further show that this loss of insulator function is correlated with a displacement of the tested sequence from the interior of the nucleus towards the nuclear periphery.	true	true	true	true	true	15
0	DISCUSSION	0	null	null	17,426,135	pmid-15809261\|pmid-10508687\|NA	In this study, we show that the enhancer-blocker activity mediated by the chromatin insulator found within the Idefix retrotransposon is stronger when two copies of the insulator are present than when only one is present.	null	221	97	0	false	null	null	In this study, we show that the enhancer-blocker activity mediated by the chromatin insulator found within the Idefix retrotransposon is stronger when two copies of the insulator are present than when only one is present.	true	true	true	true	true	16
0	DISCUSSION	0	null	null	17,426,135	pmid-15809261\|pmid-10508687\|NA	The activity can be abolished, however, when the 5′ UTR region of Idefix is associated with the insulator.	null	106	98	0	false	null	null	The activity can be abolished, however, when the 5′ UTR region of Idefix is associated with the insulator.	true	true	true	true	true	16
0	DISCUSSION	0	null	null	17,426,135	pmid-15809261\|pmid-10508687\|NA	We further show that the 5′ UTR causes flanking genomic sequences to be displaced to the nuclear periphery,	null	107	99	0	false	null	null	We further show that the 5′ UTR causes flanking genomic sequences to be displaced to the nuclear periphery,	true	true	false	true	false	16

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