Datasets:
vgainullin
/
xciting_data

Dataset card Data Studio Files
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 Community
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2
INTRODUCTION
1
23
[ "b23", "b31", "b32" ]
16,935,884
pmid-15292508|pmid-15821742|pmid-15189157
Exerting a force on the DNA substrate has two major advantages: first, it straightens the otherwise coiled DNA molecule, simplifying the detection of the motor on its track.
[ "23", "31", "32" ]
173
2,700
0
false
Exerting a force on the DNA substrate has two major advantages: first, it straightens the otherwise coiled DNA molecule, simplifying the detection of the motor on its track.
[]
Exerting a force on the DNA substrate has two major advantages: first, it straightens the otherwise coiled DNA molecule, simplifying the detection of the motor on its track.
true
true
true
true
true
459
2
INTRODUCTION
1
32
[ "b23", "b31", "b32" ]
16,935,884
pmid-15292508|pmid-15821742|pmid-15189157
Second, the force can be used as an additional thermodynamic parameter: its influence on the enzymatic activity yields information on the kinetics and thermodynamics of the process (32).
[ "23", "31", "32" ]
186
2,701
1
false
Second, the force can be used as an additional thermodynamic parameter: its influence on the enzymatic activity yields information on the kinetics and thermodynamics of the process.
[ "32" ]
Second, the force can be used as an additional thermodynamic parameter: its influence on the enzymatic activity yields information on the kinetics and thermodynamics of the process.
true
true
true
true
true
459
3
INTRODUCTION
0
null
null
16,935,884
null
In this review we shall focus on single molecule manipulation techniques, which provide a simple and convenient means to stretch and/or twist a single DNA molecule while measuring its end-to-end extension.
null
205
2,702
0
false
null
null
In this review we shall focus on single molecule manipulation techniques, which provide a simple and convenient means to stretch and/or twist a single DNA molecule while measuring its end-to-end extension.
true
true
true
true
true
460
3
INTRODUCTION
0
null
null
16,935,884
null
We shall describe how micromanipulation techniques can be used to determine a variety of mechanical properties of DNA: the elasticity of single- and double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), and the properties of supercoiled DNA.
null
216
2,703
0
false
null
null
We shall describe how micromanipulation techniques can be used to determine a variety of mechanical properties of DNA: the elasticity of single- and double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), and the properties of supercoiled DNA.
true
true
true
true
true
460
3
INTRODUCTION
0
null
null
16,935,884
null
Knowledge of these properties will then be used as a tool to track the interactions of various molecular motors with DNA.
null
121
2,704
0
false
null
null
Knowledge of these properties will then be used as a tool to track the interactions of various molecular motors with DNA.
true
true
true
true
true
460
3
INTRODUCTION
0
null
null
16,935,884
null
Different examples will be developed here: first, the observation of four different helicases: UvrD, NS3, RecBCD and gp4; and second, experiments on the translocases RuvAB and FtsK.
null
181
2,705
0
false
null
null
Different examples will be developed here: first, the observation of four different helicases: UvrD, NS3, RecBCD and gp4; and second, experiments on the translocases RuvAB and FtsK.
true
true
true
true
true
460
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "b1", "b2", "b3", "b4", "b6" ]
16,738,131
pmid-12076672|pmid-8670859|pmid-9683623|pmid-12067652|pmid-12221125|pmid-12067652|pmid-12441251|pmid-14685175|pmid-15843395|pmid-16204184
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a common human genetic disease in which degeneration of the motor neurons of the spinal cord results in subsequent muscular atrophy.
[ "1", "2", "3", "4", "6" ]
165
2,706
0
false
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a common human genetic disease in which degeneration of the motor neurons of the spinal cord results in subsequent muscular atrophy.
[]
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a common human genetic disease in which degeneration of the motor neurons of the spinal cord results in subsequent muscular atrophy.
true
true
true
true
true
461
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "b1", "b2", "b3", "b4", "b6" ]
16,738,131
pmid-12076672|pmid-8670859|pmid-9683623|pmid-12067652|pmid-12221125|pmid-12067652|pmid-12441251|pmid-14685175|pmid-15843395|pmid-16204184
The SMA disease results from deletions or mutations in the survival of motor neurons (SMN1) gene (1).
[ "1", "2", "3", "4", "6" ]
101
2,707
1
false
The SMA disease results from deletions or mutations in the survival of motor neurons gene.
[ "SMN1", "1" ]
The SMA disease results from deletions or mutations in the survival of motor neurons gene.
true
true
true
true
true
461
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "b1", "b2", "b3", "b4", "b6" ]
16,738,131
pmid-12076672|pmid-8670859|pmid-9683623|pmid-12067652|pmid-12221125|pmid-12067652|pmid-12441251|pmid-14685175|pmid-15843395|pmid-16204184
The SMN protein is ubiquitously expressed in all tissues of metazoan organisms reflecting the fact that it provides a fundamental activity required by all cells.
[ "1", "2", "3", "4", "6" ]
161
2,708
0
false
The SMN protein is ubiquitously expressed in all tissues of metazoan organisms reflecting the fact that it provides a fundamental activity required by all cells.
[]
The SMN protein is ubiquitously expressed in all tissues of metazoan organisms reflecting the fact that it provides a fundamental activity required by all cells.
true
true
true
true
true
461
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "b1", "b2", "b3", "b4", "b6" ]
16,738,131
pmid-12076672|pmid-8670859|pmid-9683623|pmid-12067652|pmid-12221125|pmid-12067652|pmid-12441251|pmid-14685175|pmid-15843395|pmid-16204184
The protein is present both in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus, where it localizes in Cajal bodies both in vivo and in cultured cells, although in some cell lines it is also found in separate bodies called gems (gemini of coiled bodies) (2,3).
[ "1", "2", "3", "4", "6" ]
244
2,709
0
false
The protein is present both in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus, where it localizes in Cajal bodies both in vivo and in cultured cells, although in some cell lines it is also found in separate bodies called gems (gemini of coiled bodies).
[ "2,3" ]
The protein is present both in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus, where it localizes in Cajal bodies both in vivo and in cultured cells, although in some cell lines it is also found in separate bodies called gems (gemini of coiled bodies).
true
true
true
true
true
461
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "b1", "b2", "b3", "b4", "b6" ]
16,738,131
pmid-12076672|pmid-8670859|pmid-9683623|pmid-12067652|pmid-12221125|pmid-12067652|pmid-12441251|pmid-14685175|pmid-15843395|pmid-16204184
SMN and several associated proteins called Gemins form a macromolecular complex involved in the biogenesis of various ribonucleoproteins, such as snoRNPs, the spliceosomal U-snRNPs and the telomerase ribonucleoprotein complex (4–6).
[ "1", "2", "3", "4", "6" ]
232
2,710
0
false
SMN and several associated proteins called Gemins form a macromolecular complex involved in the biogenesis of various ribonucleoproteins, such as snoRNPs, the spliceosomal U-snRNPs and the telomerase ribonucleoprotein complex.
[ "4–6" ]
SMN and several associated proteins called Gemins form a macromolecular complex involved in the biogenesis of various ribonucleoproteins, such as snoRNPs, the spliceosomal U-snRNPs and the telomerase ribonucleoprotein complex.
true
true
true
true
true
461
1
INTRODUCTION
1
7
[ "b7", "b9", "b10" ]
16,738,131
pmid-9987032|pmid-12023986|pmid-12878704|pmid-15494309|pmid-8918241|pmid-9687515|pmid-15302587
In addition to its function in RNP assembly, the SMN protein might also play a role in nucleocytoplasmic, dendritic or axonal transport.
[ "7", "9", "10" ]
136
2,711
0
false
In addition to its function in RNP assembly, the SMN protein might also play a role in nucleocytoplasmic, dendritic or axonal transport.
[]
In addition to its function in RNP assembly, the SMN protein might also play a role in nucleocytoplasmic, dendritic or axonal transport.
true
true
true
true
true
462
1
INTRODUCTION
1
7
[ "b7", "b9", "b10" ]
16,738,131
pmid-9987032|pmid-12023986|pmid-12878704|pmid-15494309|pmid-8918241|pmid-9687515|pmid-15302587
Indeed, the SMN protein colocalizes with cytoskeletal proteins in dendrites and axons of spinal cord motoneurons in vivo (7–9).
[ "7", "9", "10" ]
127
2,712
0
false
Indeed, the SMN protein colocalizes with cytoskeletal proteins in dendrites and axons of spinal cord motoneurons in vivo.
[ "7–9" ]
Indeed, the SMN protein colocalizes with cytoskeletal proteins in dendrites and axons of spinal cord motoneurons in vivo.
true
true
true
true
true
462
1
INTRODUCTION
1
10
[ "b7", "b9", "b10" ]
16,738,131
pmid-9987032|pmid-12023986|pmid-12878704|pmid-15494309|pmid-8918241|pmid-9687515|pmid-15302587
Moreover, SMN localizes in motile granules that are located in neurites and growth cones of cultured neurons (10).
[ "7", "9", "10" ]
114
2,713
1
false
Moreover, SMN localizes in motile granules that are located in neurites and growth cones of cultured neurons.
[ "10" ]
Moreover, SMN localizes in motile granules that are located in neurites and growth cones of cultured neurons.
true
true
true
true
true
462
1
INTRODUCTION
1
7
[ "b7", "b9", "b10" ]
16,738,131
pmid-9987032|pmid-12023986|pmid-12878704|pmid-15494309|pmid-8918241|pmid-9687515|pmid-15302587
Taken together, these results suggest that SMN may be actively transported into neuronal processes and could have a motor neuron-specific function.
[ "7", "9", "10" ]
147
2,714
0
false
Taken together, these results suggest that SMN may be actively transported into neuronal processes and could have a motor neuron-specific function.
[]
Taken together, these results suggest that SMN may be actively transported into neuronal processes and could have a motor neuron-specific function.
true
true
true
true
true
462
2
INTRODUCTION
1
11
[ "b11", "b13", "b5", "b14", "b5", "b15", "b11", "b16", "b19" ]
16,738,131
pmid-9323130|pmid-12459587|pmid-12441251|pmid-11389857|pmid-12441251|pmid-11343899|pmid-9323130|pmid-12192051|pmid-12776181|pmid-8892983|pmid-8641291
Concerning the role of the SMN protein in snRNP biogenesis, it has been shown that the SMN complex is required both for the formation of the Sm core complex and the association of this complex to the U1, U2, U4 and U5 snRNAs (11–13).
[ "11", "13", "5", "14", "5", "15", "11", "16", "19" ]
233
2,715
0
false
Concerning the role of the SMN protein in snRNP biogenesis, it has been shown that the SMN complex is required both for the formation of the Sm core complex and the association of this complex to the U1, U2, U4 and U5 snRNAs.
[ "11–13" ]
Concerning the role of the SMN protein in snRNP biogenesis, it has been shown that the SMN complex is required both for the formation of the Sm core complex and the association of this complex to the U1, U2, U4 and U5 snRNAs.
true
true
true
true
true
463
2
INTRODUCTION
1
11
[ "b11", "b13", "b5", "b14", "b5", "b15", "b11", "b16", "b19" ]
16,738,131
pmid-9323130|pmid-12459587|pmid-12441251|pmid-11389857|pmid-12441251|pmid-11343899|pmid-9323130|pmid-12192051|pmid-12776181|pmid-8892983|pmid-8641291
During this process, SMN interacts with the Sm core proteins by binding to the sDMA rich C-terminal domains of SmB, SmD1 and SmD3 (5,14).
[ "11", "13", "5", "14", "5", "15", "11", "16", "19" ]
137
2,716
0
false
During this process, SMN interacts with the Sm core proteins by binding to the sDMA rich C-terminal domains of SmB, SmD1 and SmD3.
[ "5,14" ]
During this process, SMN interacts with the Sm core proteins by binding to the sDMA rich C-terminal domains of SmB, SmD1 and SmD3.
true
true
true
true
true
463
2
INTRODUCTION
1
5
[ "b11", "b13", "b5", "b14", "b5", "b15", "b11", "b16", "b19" ]
16,738,131
pmid-9323130|pmid-12459587|pmid-12441251|pmid-11389857|pmid-12441251|pmid-11343899|pmid-9323130|pmid-12192051|pmid-12776181|pmid-8892983|pmid-8641291
The sDMAs modifications in the Sm proteins are carried out by the methylosome, a complex containing the PRMT5 methyltransferase, which allows the transfer of modified Sm proteins to the SMN complex and the association of the Sm core complex to the snRNA (5).
[ "11", "13", "5", "14", "5", "15", "11", "16", "19" ]
258
2,717
1
false
The sDMAs modifications in the Sm proteins are carried out by the methylosome, a complex containing the PRMT5 methyltransferase, which allows the transfer of modified Sm proteins to the SMN complex and the association of the Sm core complex to the snRNA.
[ "5" ]
The sDMAs modifications in the Sm proteins are carried out by the methylosome, a complex containing the PRMT5 methyltransferase, which allows the transfer of modified Sm proteins to the SMN complex and the association of the Sm core complex to the snRNA.
true
true
true
true
true
463
2
INTRODUCTION
1
11
[ "b11", "b13", "b5", "b14", "b5", "b15", "b11", "b16", "b19" ]
16,738,131
pmid-9323130|pmid-12459587|pmid-12441251|pmid-11389857|pmid-12441251|pmid-11343899|pmid-9323130|pmid-12192051|pmid-12776181|pmid-8892983|pmid-8641291
Moreover, several observations suggest a role for the SMN complex in generating snRNPs that are competent for nuclear import.
[ "11", "13", "5", "14", "5", "15", "11", "16", "19" ]
125
2,718
0
false
Moreover, several observations suggest a role for the SMN complex in generating snRNPs that are competent for nuclear import.
[]
Moreover, several observations suggest a role for the SMN complex in generating snRNPs that are competent for nuclear import.
true
true
true
true
true
463
2
INTRODUCTION
1
11
[ "b11", "b13", "b5", "b14", "b5", "b15", "b11", "b16", "b19" ]
16,738,131
pmid-9323130|pmid-12459587|pmid-12441251|pmid-11389857|pmid-12441251|pmid-11343899|pmid-9323130|pmid-12192051|pmid-12776181|pmid-8892983|pmid-8641291
Indeed, assembly of spliceosomal snRNPs is a stepwise process that follows an ordered pathway [for a review, see (15)].
[ "11", "13", "5", "14", "5", "15", "11", "16", "19" ]
119
2,719
0
false
Indeed, assembly of spliceosomal snRNPs is a stepwise process that follows an ordered pathway.
[ "for a review, see (15)" ]
Indeed, assembly of spliceosomal snRNPs is a stepwise process that follows an ordered pathway.
true
true
true
true
true
463
2
INTRODUCTION
1
11
[ "b11", "b13", "b5", "b14", "b5", "b15", "b11", "b16", "b19" ]
16,738,131
pmid-9323130|pmid-12459587|pmid-12441251|pmid-11389857|pmid-12441251|pmid-11343899|pmid-9323130|pmid-12192051|pmid-12776181|pmid-8892983|pmid-8641291
After transcription by RNA polymerase II, the snRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm where they associate with the Sm proteins.
[ "11", "13", "5", "14", "5", "15", "11", "16", "19" ]
125
2,720
0
false
After transcription by RNA polymerase II, the snRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm where they associate with the Sm proteins.
[]
After transcription by RNA polymerase II, the snRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm where they associate with the Sm proteins.
true
true
true
true
true
463
2
INTRODUCTION
1
11
[ "b11", "b13", "b5", "b14", "b5", "b15", "b11", "b16", "b19" ]
16,738,131
pmid-9323130|pmid-12459587|pmid-12441251|pmid-11389857|pmid-12441251|pmid-11343899|pmid-9323130|pmid-12192051|pmid-12776181|pmid-8892983|pmid-8641291
This binding induces hypermethylation of the snRNA 7-methyl cap by a methylase to form methyl-2,2,7-guanosine cap structure, thereby generating an snRNP bipartite nuclear localization signal, composed of the Sm core complex and the snRNA cap structure.
[ "11", "13", "5", "14", "5", "15", "11", "16", "19" ]
252
2,721
0
false
This binding induces hypermethylation of the snRNA 7-methyl cap by a methylase to form methyl-2,2,7-guanosine cap structure, thereby generating an snRNP bipartite nuclear localization signal, composed of the Sm core complex and the snRNA cap structure.
[]
This binding induces hypermethylation of the snRNA 7-methyl cap by a methylase to form methyl-2,2,7-guanosine cap structure, thereby generating an snRNP bipartite nuclear localization signal, composed of the Sm core complex and the snRNA cap structure.
true
true
true
true
true
463
2
INTRODUCTION
1
11
[ "b11", "b13", "b5", "b14", "b5", "b15", "b11", "b16", "b19" ]
16,738,131
pmid-9323130|pmid-12459587|pmid-12441251|pmid-11389857|pmid-12441251|pmid-11343899|pmid-9323130|pmid-12192051|pmid-12776181|pmid-8892983|pmid-8641291
It has been shown that SMN associates with snRNP throughout the cytoplasmic phase of this pathway suggesting that SMN might play multiple functions in snRNP assembly and snRNP nuclear import (11,16–19).
[ "11", "13", "5", "14", "5", "15", "11", "16", "19" ]
202
2,722
0
false
It has been shown that SMN associates with snRNP throughout the cytoplasmic phase of this pathway suggesting that SMN might play multiple functions in snRNP assembly and snRNP nuclear import.
[ "11,16–19" ]
It has been shown that SMN associates with snRNP throughout the cytoplasmic phase of this pathway suggesting that SMN might play multiple functions in snRNP assembly and snRNP nuclear import.
true
true
true
true
true
463
2
INTRODUCTION
1
11
[ "b11", "b13", "b5", "b14", "b5", "b15", "b11", "b16", "b19" ]
16,738,131
pmid-9323130|pmid-12459587|pmid-12441251|pmid-11389857|pmid-12441251|pmid-11343899|pmid-9323130|pmid-12192051|pmid-12776181|pmid-8892983|pmid-8641291
In order to define more precisely the roles of the SMN complex in the snRNPs assembly pathway, we used an RNA interference approach to generate SMN-depleted HeLa cells.
[ "11", "13", "5", "14", "5", "15", "11", "16", "19" ]
168
2,723
0
false
In order to define more precisely the roles of the SMN complex in the snRNPs assembly pathway, we used an RNA interference approach to generate SMN-depleted HeLa cells.
[]
In order to define more precisely the roles of the SMN complex in the snRNPs assembly pathway, we used an RNA interference approach to generate SMN-depleted HeLa cells.
true
true
true
true
true
463
2
INTRODUCTION
1
11
[ "b11", "b13", "b5", "b14", "b5", "b15", "b11", "b16", "b19" ]
16,738,131
pmid-9323130|pmid-12459587|pmid-12441251|pmid-11389857|pmid-12441251|pmid-11343899|pmid-9323130|pmid-12192051|pmid-12776181|pmid-8892983|pmid-8641291
In this report, we show that depletion of SMN affects Sm core assembly and gives rise to defects in Cajal bodies formation, indicating that snRNP biogenesis is required for the formation of these nuclear structures.
[ "11", "13", "5", "14", "5", "15", "11", "16", "19" ]
215
2,724
0
false
In this report, we show that depletion of SMN affects Sm core assembly and gives rise to defects in Cajal bodies formation, indicating that snRNP biogenesis is required for the formation of these nuclear structures.
[]
In this report, we show that depletion of SMN affects Sm core assembly and gives rise to defects in Cajal bodies formation, indicating that snRNP biogenesis is required for the formation of these nuclear structures.
true
true
true
true
true
463
2
INTRODUCTION
1
11
[ "b11", "b13", "b5", "b14", "b5", "b15", "b11", "b16", "b19" ]
16,738,131
pmid-9323130|pmid-12459587|pmid-12441251|pmid-11389857|pmid-12441251|pmid-11343899|pmid-9323130|pmid-12192051|pmid-12776181|pmid-8892983|pmid-8641291
Our results point also to a potential link between a defect in the snRNA post-transcriptional modification process and SMA pathogenesis.
[ "11", "13", "5", "14", "5", "15", "11", "16", "19" ]
136
2,725
0
false
Our results point also to a potential link between a defect in the snRNA post-transcriptional modification process and SMA pathogenesis.
[]
Our results point also to a potential link between a defect in the snRNA post-transcriptional modification process and SMA pathogenesis.
true
true
true
true
true
463
0
DISCUSSION
1
4
[ "b4", "b5", "b38", "b26", "b28" ]
16,738,131
pmid-12076672|pmid-8670859|pmid-9683623|pmid-12067652|pmid-12221125|pmid-12067652|pmid-12441251|pmid-14685175|pmid-15843395|pmid-16204184
The SMN protein plays essential roles in the production of spliceosomal snRNPs during the cytoplasmic stages of this pathway (4,5).
[ "4", "5", "38", "26", "28" ]
131
2,726
0
false
The SMN protein plays essential roles in the production of spliceosomal snRNPs during the cytoplasmic stages of this pathway.
[ "4,5" ]
The SMN protein plays essential roles in the production of spliceosomal snRNPs during the cytoplasmic stages of this pathway.
true
true
true
true
true
464
0
DISCUSSION
1
38
[ "b4", "b5", "b38", "b26", "b28" ]
16,738,131
pmid-12076672|pmid-8670859|pmid-9683623|pmid-12067652|pmid-12221125|pmid-12067652|pmid-12441251|pmid-14685175|pmid-15843395|pmid-16204184
The SMN protein also localizes in the nucleoplasm in structures called Cajal bodies, which are important for the maturation of RNPs (38).
[ "4", "5", "38", "26", "28" ]
137
2,727
1
false
The SMN protein also localizes in the nucleoplasm in structures called Cajal bodies, which are important for the maturation of RNPs.
[ "38" ]
The SMN protein also localizes in the nucleoplasm in structures called Cajal bodies, which are important for the maturation of RNPs.
true
true
true
true
true
464
0
DISCUSSION
1
4
[ "b4", "b5", "b38", "b26", "b28" ]
16,738,131
pmid-12076672|pmid-8670859|pmid-9683623|pmid-12067652|pmid-12221125|pmid-12067652|pmid-12441251|pmid-14685175|pmid-15843395|pmid-16204184
Previous in vitro studies with extracts of SMN-depleted cells confirmed that SMN is required for efficient Sm core assembly (26–28).
[ "4", "5", "38", "26", "28" ]
132
2,728
0
false
Previous in vitro studies with extracts of SMN-depleted cells confirmed that SMN is required for efficient Sm core assembly.
[ "26–28" ]
Previous in vitro studies with extracts of SMN-depleted cells confirmed that SMN is required for efficient Sm core assembly.
true
true
true
true
true
464
0
DISCUSSION
1
4
[ "b4", "b5", "b38", "b26", "b28" ]
16,738,131
pmid-12076672|pmid-8670859|pmid-9683623|pmid-12067652|pmid-12221125|pmid-12067652|pmid-12441251|pmid-14685175|pmid-15843395|pmid-16204184
In this study, we report that a lower Sm assembly activity is also obtained in vivo upon SMN depletion.
[ "4", "5", "38", "26", "28" ]
103
2,729
0
false
In this study, we report that a lower Sm assembly activity is also obtained in vivo upon SMN depletion.
[]
In this study, we report that a lower Sm assembly activity is also obtained in vivo upon SMN depletion.
true
true
true
true
true
464
0
DISCUSSION
1
4
[ "b4", "b5", "b38", "b26", "b28" ]
16,738,131
pmid-12076672|pmid-8670859|pmid-9683623|pmid-12067652|pmid-12221125|pmid-12067652|pmid-12441251|pmid-14685175|pmid-15843395|pmid-16204184
Indeed, while we failed to detect a strong defect in the nuclear import of endogenous Sm proteins, we found that a transiently transfected GFP-SmB fusion protein does not localize clearly in speckles and Cajal bodies and accumulates in the cytoplasm in SMN-depleted but not in control cells.
[ "4", "5", "38", "26", "28" ]
291
2,730
0
false
Indeed, while we failed to detect a strong defect in the nuclear import of endogenous Sm proteins, we found that a transiently transfected GFP-SmB fusion protein does not localize clearly in speckles and Cajal bodies and accumulates in the cytoplasm in SMN-depleted but not in control cells.
[]
Indeed, while we failed to detect a strong defect in the nuclear import of endogenous Sm proteins, we found that a transiently transfected GFP-SmB fusion protein does not localize clearly in speckles and Cajal bodies and accumulates in the cytoplasm in SMN-depleted but not in control cells.
true
true
true
true
true
464
0
DISCUSSION
1
4
[ "b4", "b5", "b38", "b26", "b28" ]
16,738,131
pmid-12076672|pmid-8670859|pmid-9683623|pmid-12067652|pmid-12221125|pmid-12067652|pmid-12441251|pmid-14685175|pmid-15843395|pmid-16204184
This effect is not because of a difference in the amount of GFP-SmB fusion protein expressed in both type of cells since similar levels are present as confirmed by Western analysis (data not shown).
[ "4", "5", "38", "26", "28" ]
198
2,731
0
false
This effect is not because of a difference in the amount of GFP-SmB fusion protein expressed in both type of cells since similar levels are present as confirmed by Western analysis (data not shown).
[]
This effect is not because of a difference in the amount of GFP-SmB fusion protein expressed in both type of cells since similar levels are present as confirmed by Western analysis (data not shown).
true
true
true
true
true
464
0
DISCUSSION
1
4
[ "b4", "b5", "b38", "b26", "b28" ]
16,738,131
pmid-12076672|pmid-8670859|pmid-9683623|pmid-12067652|pmid-12221125|pmid-12067652|pmid-12441251|pmid-14685175|pmid-15843395|pmid-16204184
It is thus conceivable that the visualization of cytoplasmic GFP-SmB upon SMN depletion results from the saturation of the Sm core/snRNP assembly machine due to limiting amount of SMN, the saturation threshold being not reachable in control cells with normal SMN levels.
[ "4", "5", "38", "26", "28" ]
270
2,732
0
false
It is thus conceivable that the visualization of cytoplasmic GFP-SmB upon SMN depletion results from the saturation of the Sm core/snRNP assembly machine due to limiting amount of SMN, the saturation threshold being not reachable in control cells with normal SMN levels.
[]
It is thus conceivable that the visualization of cytoplasmic GFP-SmB upon SMN depletion results from the saturation of the Sm core/snRNP assembly machine due to limiting amount of SMN, the saturation threshold being not reachable in control cells with normal SMN levels.
true
true
true
true
true
464
1
DISCUSSION
1
18
[ "b18", "b39", "b40", "b22" ]
16,738,131
pmid-9987032|pmid-12023986|pmid-12878704|pmid-15494309|pmid-8918241|pmid-9687515|pmid-15302587
In addition to its role in Sm core assembly, it has been proposed that the SMN protein plays a role in the snRNP nuclear import process.
[ "18", "39", "40", "22" ]
136
2,733
0
false
In addition to its role in Sm core assembly, it has been proposed that the SMN protein plays a role in the snRNP nuclear import process.
[]
In addition to its role in Sm core assembly, it has been proposed that the SMN protein plays a role in the snRNP nuclear import process.
true
true
true
true
true
465
1
DISCUSSION
1
18
[ "b18", "b39", "b40", "b22" ]
16,738,131
pmid-9987032|pmid-12023986|pmid-12878704|pmid-15494309|pmid-8918241|pmid-9687515|pmid-15302587
Indeed, using a digitonin-permeabilized in vitro cell system, it was shown that import of labeled U1 snRNPs is dependent on SMN indicating that SMN and snRNP nuclear imports are coupled in vitro (18).
[ "18", "39", "40", "22" ]
200
2,734
1
false
Indeed, using a digitonin-permeabilized in vitro cell system, it was shown that import of labeled U1 snRNPs is dependent on SMN indicating that SMN and snRNP nuclear imports are coupled in vitro.
[ "18" ]
Indeed, using a digitonin-permeabilized in vitro cell system, it was shown that import of labeled U1 snRNPs is dependent on SMN indicating that SMN and snRNP nuclear imports are coupled in vitro.
true
true
true
true
true
465
1
DISCUSSION
1
18
[ "b18", "b39", "b40", "b22" ]
16,738,131
pmid-9987032|pmid-12023986|pmid-12878704|pmid-15494309|pmid-8918241|pmid-9687515|pmid-15302587
The fact that we could not detect cytoplasmic snRNP accumulation in SMN-depleted HeLa cells in our RNAi experiments could be be due to the rapid degradation of the snRNA that is unable to associate to a complete Sm core complex.
[ "18", "39", "40", "22" ]
228
2,735
0
false
The fact that we could not detect cytoplasmic snRNP accumulation in SMN-depleted HeLa cells in our RNAi experiments could be be due to the rapid degradation of the snRNA that is unable to associate to a complete Sm core complex.
[]
The fact that we could not detect cytoplasmic snRNP accumulation in SMN-depleted HeLa cells in our RNAi experiments could be be due to the rapid degradation of the snRNA that is unable to associate to a complete Sm core complex.
true
true
true
true
true
465
1
DISCUSSION
1
39
[ "b18", "b39", "b40", "b22" ]
16,738,131
pmid-9987032|pmid-12023986|pmid-12878704|pmid-15494309|pmid-8918241|pmid-9687515|pmid-15302587
An instability of the non-assembled snRNA is consistent with studies in yeast showing that depletion of a unique Sm protein inhibits Sm core assembly and leads to degradation of U-snRNAs (39).
[ "18", "39", "40", "22" ]
192
2,736
1
false
An instability of the non-assembled snRNA is consistent with studies in yeast showing that depletion of a unique Sm protein inhibits Sm core assembly and leads to degradation of U-snRNAs.
[ "39" ]
An instability of the non-assembled snRNA is consistent with studies in yeast showing that depletion of a unique Sm protein inhibits Sm core assembly and leads to degradation of U-snRNAs.
true
true
true
true
true
465
1
DISCUSSION
1
18
[ "b18", "b39", "b40", "b22" ]
16,738,131
pmid-9987032|pmid-12023986|pmid-12878704|pmid-15494309|pmid-8918241|pmid-9687515|pmid-15302587
It is also possible that, in vivo, snRNPs are imported into the nucleus by multiple pathways.
[ "18", "39", "40", "22" ]
93
2,737
0
false
It is also possible that, in vivo, snRNPs are imported into the nucleus by multiple pathways.
[]
It is also possible that, in vivo, snRNPs are imported into the nucleus by multiple pathways.
true
true
true
true
true
465
1
DISCUSSION
1
40
[ "b18", "b39", "b40", "b22" ]
16,738,131
pmid-9987032|pmid-12023986|pmid-12878704|pmid-15494309|pmid-8918241|pmid-9687515|pmid-15302587
The existence of various import routes for snRNPs can be compared with the import pathways of ribosomal proteins whose nuclear localization signals are represented by an accumulation of basic aminoacids and which can be imported by four different transporters (40).
[ "18", "39", "40", "22" ]
265
2,738
1
false
The existence of various import routes for snRNPs can be compared with the import pathways of ribosomal proteins whose nuclear localization signals are represented by an accumulation of basic aminoacids and which can be imported by four different transporters.
[ "40" ]
The existence of various import routes for snRNPs can be compared with the import pathways of ribosomal proteins whose nuclear localization signals are represented by an accumulation of basic aminoacids and which can be imported by four different transporters.
true
true
true
true
true
465
1
DISCUSSION
1
22
[ "b18", "b39", "b40", "b22" ]
16,738,131
pmid-9987032|pmid-12023986|pmid-12878704|pmid-15494309|pmid-8918241|pmid-9687515|pmid-15302587
It is noteworthy that the nuclear localization signal of the snRNP common core proteins is represented by a basic rich protuberance (22), which could be recognized by other nuclear import receptors in the absence of SMN.
[ "18", "39", "40", "22" ]
220
2,739
1
false
It is noteworthy that the nuclear localization signal of the snRNP common core proteins is represented by a basic rich protuberance, which could be recognized by other nuclear import receptors in the absence of SMN.
[ "22" ]
It is noteworthy that the nuclear localization signal of the snRNP common core proteins is represented by a basic rich protuberance, which could be recognized by other nuclear import receptors in the absence of SMN.
true
true
true
true
true
465
2
DISCUSSION
1
41
[ "b41", "b42" ]
16,738,131
pmid-9323130|pmid-12459587|pmid-12441251|pmid-11389857|pmid-12441251|pmid-11343899|pmid-9323130|pmid-12192051|pmid-12776181|pmid-8892983|pmid-8641291
Our inability to detect clear in vivo loss-of function defects in snRNP assembly in SMN-depleted cells could also be due to the fact that snRNPs are very stable and have long half-life of >60 h (41).
[ "41", "42" ]
199
2,740
1
false
Our inability to detect clear in vivo loss-of function defects in snRNP assembly in SMN-depleted cells could also be due to the fact that snRNPs are very stable and have long half-life of >60 h.
[ "41" ]
Our inability to detect clear in vivo loss-of function defects in snRNP assembly in SMN-depleted cells could also be due to the fact that snRNPs are very stable and have long half-life of >60 h.
true
true
true
true
true
466
2
DISCUSSION
1
41
[ "b41", "b42" ]
16,738,131
pmid-9323130|pmid-12459587|pmid-12441251|pmid-11389857|pmid-12441251|pmid-11343899|pmid-9323130|pmid-12192051|pmid-12776181|pmid-8892983|pmid-8641291
It is therefore conceivable that snRNPs are recycled many times, hindering analysis of effects on newly synthesized snRNPs.
[ "41", "42" ]
123
2,741
0
false
It is therefore conceivable that snRNPs are recycled many times, hindering analysis of effects on newly synthesized snRNPs.
[]
It is therefore conceivable that snRNPs are recycled many times, hindering analysis of effects on newly synthesized snRNPs.
true
true
true
true
true
466
2
DISCUSSION
1
41
[ "b41", "b42" ]
16,738,131
pmid-9323130|pmid-12459587|pmid-12441251|pmid-11389857|pmid-12441251|pmid-11343899|pmid-9323130|pmid-12192051|pmid-12776181|pmid-8892983|pmid-8641291
Alternatively, it is also possible that depletion of SMN gives rise to more subtle defects in the Sm core complex and snRNP assembly processes and that these defects do not generate snRNP instability or snRNP cytoplasmic accumulation.
[ "41", "42" ]
234
2,742
0
false
Alternatively, it is also possible that depletion of SMN gives rise to more subtle defects in the Sm core complex and snRNP assembly processes and that these defects do not generate snRNP instability or snRNP cytoplasmic accumulation.
[]
Alternatively, it is also possible that depletion of SMN gives rise to more subtle defects in the Sm core complex and snRNP assembly processes and that these defects do not generate snRNP instability or snRNP cytoplasmic accumulation.
true
true
true
true
true
466
2
DISCUSSION
1
42
[ "b41", "b42" ]
16,738,131
pmid-9323130|pmid-12459587|pmid-12441251|pmid-11389857|pmid-12441251|pmid-11343899|pmid-9323130|pmid-12192051|pmid-12776181|pmid-8892983|pmid-8641291
Although purified Sm proteins assemble on snRNAs in an ordered pathway in vitro (42), the SMN machinerie could play a role in controlling the specificity and stochiometry of Sm proteins in the heptameric ring complex.
[ "41", "42" ]
217
2,743
1
false
Although purified Sm proteins assemble on snRNAs in an ordered pathway in vitro, the SMN machinerie could play a role in controlling the specificity and stochiometry of Sm proteins in the heptameric ring complex.
[ "42" ]
Although purified Sm proteins assemble on snRNAs in an ordered pathway in vitro, the SMN machinerie could play a role in controlling the specificity and stochiometry of Sm proteins in the heptameric ring complex.
true
true
true
true
true
466
2
DISCUSSION
1
41
[ "b41", "b42" ]
16,738,131
pmid-9323130|pmid-12459587|pmid-12441251|pmid-11389857|pmid-12441251|pmid-11343899|pmid-9323130|pmid-12192051|pmid-12776181|pmid-8892983|pmid-8641291
Depletion of the SMN protein could therefore lead to a defect in a ‘quality control’ process, which would generate abnormal heptameric Sm core complexes that would not obligatorily be hindered in their association to snRNAs.
[ "41", "42" ]
224
2,744
0
false
Depletion of the SMN protein could therefore lead to a defect in a ‘quality control’ process, which would generate abnormal heptameric Sm core complexes that would not obligatorily be hindered in their association to snRNAs.
[]
Depletion of the SMN protein could therefore lead to a defect in a ‘quality control’ process, which would generate abnormal heptameric Sm core complexes that would not obligatorily be hindered in their association to snRNAs.
true
true
true
true
true
466
2
DISCUSSION
1
41
[ "b41", "b42" ]
16,738,131
pmid-9323130|pmid-12459587|pmid-12441251|pmid-11389857|pmid-12441251|pmid-11343899|pmid-9323130|pmid-12192051|pmid-12776181|pmid-8892983|pmid-8641291
Such a defect could subsequently generate several types of aberrant snRNPs, being defective at different steps in the snRNP biogenesis pathway.
[ "41", "42" ]
143
2,745
0
false
Such a defect could subsequently generate several types of aberrant snRNPs, being defective at different steps in the snRNP biogenesis pathway.
[]
Such a defect could subsequently generate several types of aberrant snRNPs, being defective at different steps in the snRNP biogenesis pathway.
true
true
true
true
true
466
2
DISCUSSION
1
41
[ "b41", "b42" ]
16,738,131
pmid-9323130|pmid-12459587|pmid-12441251|pmid-11389857|pmid-12441251|pmid-11343899|pmid-9323130|pmid-12192051|pmid-12776181|pmid-8892983|pmid-8641291
For example, an aberrant Sm core complex lacking the SmE protein would still be able to associate with an snRNA, be substrate for the Tgs1 hypermethylase (recognizing the C-tails of SmB and SmD1 proteins) and the resulting snRNPs able to be imported in the nucleus and to localize into Cajal bodies and speckles.
[ "41", "42" ]
312
2,746
0
false
For example, an aberrant Sm core complex lacking the SmE protein would still be able to associate with an snRNA, be substrate for the Tgs1 hypermethylase (recognizing the C-tails of SmB and SmD1 proteins) and the resulting snRNPs able to be imported in the nucleus and to localize into Cajal bodies and speckles.
[]
For example, an aberrant Sm core complex lacking the SmE protein would still be able to associate with an snRNA, be substrate for the Tgs1 hypermethylase and the resulting snRNPs able to be imported in the nucleus and to localize into Cajal bodies and speckles.
true
true
true
true
true
466
2
DISCUSSION
1
41
[ "b41", "b42" ]
16,738,131
pmid-9323130|pmid-12459587|pmid-12441251|pmid-11389857|pmid-12441251|pmid-11343899|pmid-9323130|pmid-12192051|pmid-12776181|pmid-8892983|pmid-8641291
Similarly, a snRNP lacking SmB would still be recognized by the Tgs1 enzyme (owing to the interaction of the enzyme with SmD1) and also be competent for nuclear import.
[ "41", "42" ]
168
2,747
0
false
Similarly, a snRNP lacking SmB would still be recognized by the Tgs1 enzyme (owing to the interaction of the enzyme with SmD1) and also be competent for nuclear import.
[]
Similarly, a snRNP lacking SmB would still be recognized by the Tgs1 enzyme and also be competent for nuclear import.
true
true
true
true
true
466
2
DISCUSSION
1
41
[ "b41", "b42" ]
16,738,131
pmid-9323130|pmid-12459587|pmid-12441251|pmid-11389857|pmid-12441251|pmid-11343899|pmid-9323130|pmid-12192051|pmid-12776181|pmid-8892983|pmid-8641291
However, these aberrant snRNPs could be partially deleterious in steps affecting spliceosome assembly and/or pre-mRNA splicing.
[ "41", "42" ]
127
2,748
0
false
However, these aberrant snRNPs could be partially deleterious in steps affecting spliceosome assembly and/or pre-mRNA splicing.
[]
However, these aberrant snRNPs could be partially deleterious in steps affecting spliceosome assembly and/or pre-mRNA splicing.
true
true
true
true
true
466
2
DISCUSSION
1
41
[ "b41", "b42" ]
16,738,131
pmid-9323130|pmid-12459587|pmid-12441251|pmid-11389857|pmid-12441251|pmid-11343899|pmid-9323130|pmid-12192051|pmid-12776181|pmid-8892983|pmid-8641291
The formation of multiple abnormal snRNPs, being still able to follow a correct snRNP biogenesis pathway, could explain the difficulties to see prominent loss-of-functions defects in snRNP formation and subcellular localization in SMN-depleted cells.
[ "41", "42" ]
250
2,749
0
false
The formation of multiple abnormal snRNPs, being still able to follow a correct snRNP biogenesis pathway, could explain the difficulties to see prominent loss-of-functions defects in snRNP formation and subcellular localization in SMN-depleted cells.
[]
The formation of multiple abnormal snRNPs, being still able to follow a correct snRNP biogenesis pathway, could explain the difficulties to see prominent loss-of-functions defects in snRNP formation and subcellular localization in SMN-depleted cells.
true
true
true
true
true
466
3
DISCUSSION
1
27
[ "b27", "b32", "b32", "b37", "b30", "b37", "b43", "b44", "b45" ]
16,738,131
pmid-16301532|pmid-11470819|pmid-11470819|pmid-12682020|pmid-11792806|pmid-12682020|pmid-9259265|pmid-9207792|pmid-10749994
By examining SMN-depleted cells using immunofluorescence techniques, we could detect that canonical Cajal bodies visible in wild-type cells were replaced by numerous nuclear coilin-positive foci.
[ "27", "32", "32", "37", "30", "37", "43", "44", "45" ]
195
2,750
0
false
By examining SMN-depleted cells using immunofluorescence techniques, we could detect that canonical Cajal bodies visible in wild-type cells were replaced by numerous nuclear coilin-positive foci.
[]
By examining SMN-depleted cells using immunofluorescence techniques, we could detect that canonical Cajal bodies visible in wild-type cells were replaced by numerous nuclear coilin-positive foci.
true
true
true
true
true
467
3
DISCUSSION
1
27
[ "b27", "b32", "b32", "b37", "b30", "b37", "b43", "b44", "b45" ]
16,738,131
pmid-16301532|pmid-11470819|pmid-11470819|pmid-12682020|pmid-11792806|pmid-12682020|pmid-9259265|pmid-9207792|pmid-10749994
Consistent with our data, a recent study report that reduction in the levels of proteins from the SMN complex affects Cajal bodies homeostasis (27).
[ "27", "32", "32", "37", "30", "37", "43", "44", "45" ]
148
2,751
1
false
Consistent with our data, a recent study report that reduction in the levels of proteins from the SMN complex affects Cajal bodies homeostasis.
[ "27" ]
Consistent with our data, a recent study report that reduction in the levels of proteins from the SMN complex affects Cajal bodies homeostasis.
true
true
true
true
true
467
3
DISCUSSION
1
27
[ "b27", "b32", "b32", "b37", "b30", "b37", "b43", "b44", "b45" ]
16,738,131
pmid-16301532|pmid-11470819|pmid-11470819|pmid-12682020|pmid-11792806|pmid-12682020|pmid-9259265|pmid-9207792|pmid-10749994
These results suggest that the SMN protein is required for correct Cajal bodies formation and extend to SMN the previous observations that coilin has a crucial role in defining Cajal body structure.
[ "27", "32", "32", "37", "30", "37", "43", "44", "45" ]
198
2,752
0
false
These results suggest that the SMN protein is required for correct Cajal bodies formation and extend to SMN the previous observations that coilin has a crucial role in defining Cajal body structure.
[]
These results suggest that the SMN protein is required for correct Cajal bodies formation and extend to SMN the previous observations that coilin has a crucial role in defining Cajal body structure.
true
true
true
true
true
467
3
DISCUSSION
1
32
[ "b27", "b32", "b32", "b37", "b30", "b37", "b43", "b44", "b45" ]
16,738,131
pmid-16301532|pmid-11470819|pmid-11470819|pmid-12682020|pmid-11792806|pmid-12682020|pmid-9259265|pmid-9207792|pmid-10749994
Indeed, characterization of coilin knockout MEF cells revealed that residual Cajal bodies are formed in the absence of full-length coilin protein (32).
[ "27", "32", "32", "37", "30", "37", "43", "44", "45" ]
151
2,753
1
false
Indeed, characterization of coilin knockout MEF cells revealed that residual Cajal bodies are formed in the absence of full-length coilin protein.
[ "32" ]
Indeed, characterization of coilin knockout MEF cells revealed that residual Cajal bodies are formed in the absence of full-length coilin protein.
true
true
true
true
true
467
3
DISCUSSION
1
27
[ "b27", "b32", "b32", "b37", "b30", "b37", "b43", "b44", "b45" ]
16,738,131
pmid-16301532|pmid-11470819|pmid-11470819|pmid-12682020|pmid-11792806|pmid-12682020|pmid-9259265|pmid-9207792|pmid-10749994
These structures do not contain spliceosomal snRNPs and the SMN protein, but accumulate fibrillarin and Nopp140, two nucleolar markers as well as the U3 snoRNA (32,37).
[ "27", "32", "32", "37", "30", "37", "43", "44", "45" ]
168
2,754
0
false
These structures do not contain spliceosomal snRNPs and the SMN protein, but accumulate fibrillarin and Nopp140, two nucleolar markers as well as the U3 snoRNA.
[ "32,37" ]
These structures do not contain spliceosomal snRNPs and the SMN protein, but accumulate fibrillarin and Nopp140, two nucleolar markers as well as the U3 snoRNA.
true
true
true
true
true
467
3
DISCUSSION
1
30
[ "b27", "b32", "b32", "b37", "b30", "b37", "b43", "b44", "b45" ]
16,738,131
pmid-16301532|pmid-11470819|pmid-11470819|pmid-12682020|pmid-11792806|pmid-12682020|pmid-9259265|pmid-9207792|pmid-10749994
Moreover, separate coilin-positive Cajal bodies without SMN and SMN positive foci lacking coilin have been observed in DFSF1 cells after injection of fluorescent tagged coilin or SMN proteins (30).
[ "27", "32", "32", "37", "30", "37", "43", "44", "45" ]
197
2,755
1
false
Moreover, separate coilin-positive Cajal bodies without SMN and SMN positive foci lacking coilin have been observed in DFSF1 cells after injection of fluorescent tagged coilin or SMN proteins.
[ "30" ]
Moreover, separate coilin-positive Cajal bodies without SMN and SMN positive foci lacking coilin have been observed in DFSF1 cells after injection of fluorescent tagged coilin or SMN proteins.
true
true
true
true
true
467
3
DISCUSSION
1
37
[ "b27", "b32", "b32", "b37", "b30", "b37", "b43", "b44", "b45" ]
16,738,131
pmid-16301532|pmid-11470819|pmid-11470819|pmid-12682020|pmid-11792806|pmid-12682020|pmid-9259265|pmid-9207792|pmid-10749994
A second type of residual Cajal body accumulating scaRNAs and Sm snRNAs but not the other nucleolar markers has also been found in coilin knockout MEF cells (37).
[ "27", "32", "32", "37", "30", "37", "43", "44", "45" ]
162
2,756
1
false
A second type of residual Cajal body accumulating scaRNAs and Sm snRNAs but not the other nucleolar markers has also been found in coilin knockout MEF cells.
[ "37" ]
A second type of residual Cajal body accumulating scaRNAs and Sm snRNAs but not the other nucleolar markers has also been found in coilin knockout MEF cells.
true
true
true
true
true
467
3
DISCUSSION
1
27
[ "b27", "b32", "b32", "b37", "b30", "b37", "b43", "b44", "b45" ]
16,738,131
pmid-16301532|pmid-11470819|pmid-11470819|pmid-12682020|pmid-11792806|pmid-12682020|pmid-9259265|pmid-9207792|pmid-10749994
Our findings that SMN depletion affects Cajal bodies formation in HeLa cells are also consistent with other studies showing that reduction in expression of the SMN complex is associated with a failure in the assembly of nuclear bodies.
[ "27", "32", "32", "37", "30", "37", "43", "44", "45" ]
235
2,757
0
false
Our findings that SMN depletion affects Cajal bodies formation in HeLa cells are also consistent with other studies showing that reduction in expression of the SMN complex is associated with a failure in the assembly of nuclear bodies.
[]
Our findings that SMN depletion affects Cajal bodies formation in HeLa cells are also consistent with other studies showing that reduction in expression of the SMN complex is associated with a failure in the assembly of nuclear bodies.
true
true
true
true
true
467
3
DISCUSSION
1
43
[ "b27", "b32", "b32", "b37", "b30", "b37", "b43", "b44", "b45" ]
16,738,131
pmid-16301532|pmid-11470819|pmid-11470819|pmid-12682020|pmid-11792806|pmid-12682020|pmid-9259265|pmid-9207792|pmid-10749994
Indeed, immunocytochemical analysis of fibroblasts from type I SMA patients indicates a significant reduction in the number of gems and a correlation of the number of gems with clinical severity (43).
[ "27", "32", "32", "37", "30", "37", "43", "44", "45" ]
200
2,758
1
false
Indeed, immunocytochemical analysis of fibroblasts from type I SMA patients indicates a significant reduction in the number of gems and a correlation of the number of gems with clinical severity.
[ "43" ]
Indeed, immunocytochemical analysis of fibroblasts from type I SMA patients indicates a significant reduction in the number of gems and a correlation of the number of gems with clinical severity.
true
true
true
true
true
467
3
DISCUSSION
1
44
[ "b27", "b32", "b32", "b37", "b30", "b37", "b43", "b44", "b45" ]
16,738,131
pmid-16301532|pmid-11470819|pmid-11470819|pmid-12682020|pmid-11792806|pmid-12682020|pmid-9259265|pmid-9207792|pmid-10749994
In addition, immunofluorescence microscopy experiments on spinal cord of SMA fetuses show that nucleus from cells no longer present SMN-containing foci although Cajal body staining was detectable using fibrillarin antibodies (44).
[ "27", "32", "32", "37", "30", "37", "43", "44", "45" ]
230
2,759
1
false
In addition, immunofluorescence microscopy experiments on spinal cord of SMA fetuses show that nucleus from cells no longer present SMN-containing foci although Cajal body staining was detectable using fibrillarin antibodies.
[ "44" ]
In addition, immunofluorescence microscopy experiments on spinal cord of SMA fetuses show that nucleus from cells no longer present SMN-containing foci although Cajal body staining was detectable using fibrillarin antibodies.
true
true
true
true
true
467
3
DISCUSSION
1
45
[ "b27", "b32", "b32", "b37", "b30", "b37", "b43", "b44", "b45" ]
16,738,131
pmid-16301532|pmid-11470819|pmid-11470819|pmid-12682020|pmid-11792806|pmid-12682020|pmid-9259265|pmid-9207792|pmid-10749994
Moreover, by homozygous deletion of the SMN exon 7 in neurons of mice affected with an SMA phenotype, it was shown that the mutated SMN protein has a defect in nuclear targeting leading to a defect in formation of nuclear bodies (45).
[ "27", "32", "32", "37", "30", "37", "43", "44", "45" ]
234
2,760
1
false
Moreover, by homozygous deletion of the SMN exon 7 in neurons of mice affected with an SMA phenotype, it was shown that the mutated SMN protein has a defect in nuclear targeting leading to a defect in formation of nuclear bodies.
[ "45" ]
Moreover, by homozygous deletion of the SMN exon 7 in neurons of mice affected with an SMA phenotype, it was shown that the mutated SMN protein has a defect in nuclear targeting leading to a defect in formation of nuclear bodies.
true
true
true
true
true
467
3
DISCUSSION
1
27
[ "b27", "b32", "b32", "b37", "b30", "b37", "b43", "b44", "b45" ]
16,738,131
pmid-16301532|pmid-11470819|pmid-11470819|pmid-12682020|pmid-11792806|pmid-12682020|pmid-9259265|pmid-9207792|pmid-10749994
Altogether, these data indicate that SMN plays a critical role in the production and composition of Cajal bodies.
[ "27", "32", "32", "37", "30", "37", "43", "44", "45" ]
113
2,761
0
false
Altogether, these data indicate that SMN plays a critical role in the production and composition of Cajal bodies.
[]
Altogether, these data indicate that SMN plays a critical role in the production and composition of Cajal bodies.
true
true
true
true
true
467
4
DISCUSSION
1
36
[ "b36", "b37", "b46", "b47", "b28" ]
16,738,131
pmid-12409454|pmid-12682020|pmid-11157760|pmid-15525712|pmid-16204184
Based on the fact that SMN knock-down leads to formation of residual Cajal bodies containing the U85 scaRNA but not snRNPs, it is tempting to propose that the modification process of internal residues in snRNAs might be defective in SMN-depleted cells.
[ "36", "37", "46", "47", "28" ]
252
2,762
0
false
Based on the fact that SMN knock-down leads to formation of residual Cajal bodies containing the U85 scaRNA but not snRNPs, it is tempting to propose that the modification process of internal residues in snRNAs might be defective in SMN-depleted cells.
[]
Based on the fact that SMN knock-down leads to formation of residual Cajal bodies containing the U85 scaRNA but not snRNPs, it is tempting to propose that the modification process of internal residues in snRNAs might be defective in SMN-depleted cells.
true
true
true
true
true
468
4
DISCUSSION
1
36
[ "b36", "b37", "b46", "b47", "b28" ]
16,738,131
pmid-12409454|pmid-12682020|pmid-11157760|pmid-15525712|pmid-16204184
Indeed, it was shown that Cajal bodies are the subnuclear structures in which scaRNAs perform 2′-O-methylation and pseudouridylation at internal residus of spliceosomal snRNAs (36,37,46).
[ "36", "37", "46", "47", "28" ]
187
2,763
0
false
Indeed, it was shown that Cajal bodies are the subnuclear structures in which scaRNAs perform 2′-O-methylation and pseudouridylation at internal residus of spliceosomal snRNAs.
[ "36,37,46" ]
Indeed, it was shown that Cajal bodies are the subnuclear structures in which scaRNAs perform 2′-O-methylation and pseudouridylation at internal residus of spliceosomal snRNAs.
true
true
true
true
true
468
4
DISCUSSION
1
47
[ "b36", "b37", "b46", "b47", "b28" ]
16,738,131
pmid-12409454|pmid-12682020|pmid-11157760|pmid-15525712|pmid-16204184
It was also shown that several 2′-O-methylated and pseudouridylated residues in U2 snRNA are important for spliceosome formation and for efficient splicing (47).
[ "36", "37", "46", "47", "28" ]
161
2,764
1
false
It was also shown that several 2′-O-methylated and pseudouridylated residues in U2 snRNA are important for spliceosome formation and for efficient splicing.
[ "47" ]
It was also shown that several 2′-O-methylated and pseudouridylated residues in U2 snRNA are important for spliceosome formation and for efficient splicing.
true
true
true
true
true
468
4
DISCUSSION
1
36
[ "b36", "b37", "b46", "b47", "b28" ]
16,738,131
pmid-12409454|pmid-12682020|pmid-11157760|pmid-15525712|pmid-16204184
It is therefore conceivable that a defect in the modification process of snRNA internal residues could result in nuanced splicing perturbations of particular pre-mRNAs and to inefficient and/or incorrect production of specific proteins in motoneurons of SMA patients.
[ "36", "37", "46", "47", "28" ]
267
2,765
0
false
It is therefore conceivable that a defect in the modification process of snRNA internal residues could result in nuanced splicing perturbations of particular pre-mRNAs and to inefficient and/or incorrect production of specific proteins in motoneurons of SMA patients.
[]
It is therefore conceivable that a defect in the modification process of snRNA internal residues could result in nuanced splicing perturbations of particular pre-mRNAs and to inefficient and/or incorrect production of specific proteins in motoneurons of SMA patients.
true
true
true
true
true
468
4
DISCUSSION
1
36
[ "b36", "b37", "b46", "b47", "b28" ]
16,738,131
pmid-12409454|pmid-12682020|pmid-11157760|pmid-15525712|pmid-16204184
Such a model could also explain why SMN mutations affect specifically motoneurons.
[ "36", "37", "46", "47", "28" ]
82
2,766
0
false
Such a model could also explain why SMN mutations affect specifically motoneurons.
[]
Such a model could also explain why SMN mutations affect specifically motoneurons.
true
true
true
true
true
468
4
DISCUSSION
1
36
[ "b36", "b37", "b46", "b47", "b28" ]
16,738,131
pmid-12409454|pmid-12682020|pmid-11157760|pmid-15525712|pmid-16204184
Given that snRNPs are very stable (see above), our preliminary experiments could not allow us to determine whether this process is affected in HeLa cells upon SMN depletion and other studies are clearly needed to address this question.
[ "36", "37", "46", "47", "28" ]
235
2,767
0
false
Given that snRNPs are very stable (see above), our preliminary experiments could not allow us to determine whether this process is affected in HeLa cells upon SMN depletion and other studies are clearly needed to address this question.
[]
Given that snRNPs are very stable (see above), our preliminary experiments could not allow us to determine whether this process is affected in HeLa cells upon SMN depletion and other studies are clearly needed to address this question.
true
true
true
true
true
468
4
DISCUSSION
1
36
[ "b36", "b37", "b46", "b47", "b28" ]
16,738,131
pmid-12409454|pmid-12682020|pmid-11157760|pmid-15525712|pmid-16204184
In this regard, the biochemical defects responsible for the SMA disease are not well understood, and a long unanswered question was to know whether SMA pathogenesis is linked to SMN defects in snRNP biogenesis.
[ "36", "37", "46", "47", "28" ]
210
2,768
0
false
In this regard, the biochemical defects responsible for the SMA disease are not well understood, and a long unanswered question was to know whether SMA pathogenesis is linked to SMN defects in snRNP biogenesis.
[]
In this regard, the biochemical defects responsible for the SMA disease are not well understood, and a long unanswered question was to know whether SMA pathogenesis is linked to SMN defects in snRNP biogenesis.
true
true
true
true
true
468
4
DISCUSSION
1
28
[ "b36", "b37", "b46", "b47", "b28" ]
16,738,131
pmid-12409454|pmid-12682020|pmid-11157760|pmid-15525712|pmid-16204184
A response has recently been provided by an elegant study showing that reduction of SMN levels impairs snRNP assembly and causes motor axon degeneration in zebrafish embryos (28).
[ "36", "37", "46", "47", "28" ]
179
2,769
1
false
A response has recently been provided by an elegant study showing that reduction of SMN levels impairs snRNP assembly and causes motor axon degeneration in zebrafish embryos.
[ "28" ]
A response has recently been provided by an elegant study showing that reduction of SMN levels impairs snRNP assembly and causes motor axon degeneration in zebrafish embryos.
true
true
true
true
true
468
4
DISCUSSION
1
36
[ "b36", "b37", "b46", "b47", "b28" ]
16,738,131
pmid-12409454|pmid-12682020|pmid-11157760|pmid-15525712|pmid-16204184
Remarkably, a compensation of motor axon defects in the embryos is observed upon injection of purified human or Xenopus U snRNPs demonstrating a link between motor axon degeneration and snRNP assembly defects.
[ "36", "37", "46", "47", "28" ]
209
2,770
0
false
Remarkably, a compensation of motor axon defects in the embryos is observed upon injection of purified human or Xenopus U snRNPs demonstrating a link between motor axon degeneration and snRNP assembly defects.
[]
Remarkably, a compensation of motor axon defects in the embryos is observed upon injection of purified human or Xenopus U snRNPs demonstrating a link between motor axon degeneration and snRNP assembly defects.
true
true
true
true
true
468
4
DISCUSSION
1
36
[ "b36", "b37", "b46", "b47", "b28" ]
16,738,131
pmid-12409454|pmid-12682020|pmid-11157760|pmid-15525712|pmid-16204184
The use of this experimental system with snRNPs reconstituted using in vitro transcribed snRNAs and thus lacking modified residues will clearly be helpful to characterize a correlation between a defect in the production of modified residues in snRNAs and motor axon degeneration.
[ "36", "37", "46", "47", "28" ]
279
2,771
0
false
The use of this experimental system with snRNPs reconstituted using in vitro transcribed snRNAs and thus lacking modified residues will clearly be helpful to characterize a correlation between a defect in the production of modified residues in snRNAs and motor axon degeneration.
[]
The use of this experimental system with snRNPs reconstituted using in vitro transcribed snRNAs and thus lacking modified residues will clearly be helpful to characterize a correlation between a defect in the production of modified residues in snRNAs and motor axon degeneration.
true
true
true
true
true
468
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "b1", "b2" ]
16,844,970
pmid-14990749|NA
The past years have seen the rapid sequencing of genomes from many different organisms.
[ "1", "2" ]
87
2,772
0
false
The past years have seen the rapid sequencing of genomes from many different organisms.
[]
The past years have seen the rapid sequencing of genomes from many different organisms.
true
true
true
true
true
469
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "b1", "b2" ]
16,844,970
pmid-14990749|NA
Sequencing itself is no longer the bottleneck in genome studies; the bottleneck is a reliable annotation of new genes.
[ "1", "2" ]
118
2,773
0
false
Sequencing itself is no longer the bottleneck in genome studies; the bottleneck is a reliable annotation of new genes.
[]
Sequencing itself is no longer the bottleneck in genome studies; the bottleneck is a reliable annotation of new genes.
true
true
true
true
true
469
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "b1", "b2" ]
16,844,970
pmid-14990749|NA
Information from widely studied model species included in comparative annotation genomics has greatly aided in these annotation efforts, and proofed to be extremely valuable in contributing to the understanding of protein evolution (1).
[ "1", "2" ]
236
2,774
1
false
Information from widely studied model species included in comparative annotation genomics has greatly aided in these annotation efforts, and proofed to be extremely valuable in contributing to the understanding of protein evolution.
[ "1" ]
Information from widely studied model species included in comparative annotation genomics has greatly aided in these annotation efforts, and proofed to be extremely valuable in contributing to the understanding of protein evolution.
true
true
true
true
true
469
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "b1", "b2" ]
16,844,970
pmid-14990749|NA
Sometimes homologous gene products have strong sequence similarities so that the inference of homology is straightforward.
[ "1", "2" ]
122
2,775
0
false
Sometimes homologous gene products have strong sequence similarities so that the inference of homology is straightforward.
[]
Sometimes homologous gene products have strong sequence similarities so that the inference of homology is straightforward.
true
true
true
true
true
469
0
INTRODUCTION
1
2
[ "b1", "b2" ]
16,844,970
pmid-14990749|NA
However, accumulation of multiple substitutions in the course of divergent evolution can make homologous sequences as dissimilar as any two proteins chosen randomly from a database (2).
[ "1", "2" ]
185
2,776
1
false
However, accumulation of multiple substitutions in the course of divergent evolution can make homologous sequences as dissimilar as any two proteins chosen randomly from a database.
[ "2" ]
However, accumulation of multiple substitutions in the course of divergent evolution can make homologous sequences as dissimilar as any two proteins chosen randomly from a database.
true
true
true
true
true
469
1
INTRODUCTION
1
3
[ "b3", "b4", "b5" ]
16,844,970
pmid-1614539|NA|pmid-12377129
Several bioinformatics approaches have been developed to identify remote homology in the absence of pairwise similarity, one of the popular ones being protein fold recognition (FR) (3).
[ "3", "4", "5" ]
185
2,777
1
false
Several bioinformatics approaches have been developed to identify remote homology in the absence of pairwise similarity, one of the popular ones being protein fold recognition (FR).
[ "3" ]
Several bioinformatics approaches have been developed to identify remote homology in the absence of pairwise similarity, one of the popular ones being protein fold recognition (FR).
true
true
true
true
true
470
1
INTRODUCTION
1
3
[ "b3", "b4", "b5" ]
16,844,970
pmid-1614539|NA|pmid-12377129
Briefly, FR detects homology based on the combination of evolutionary criteria and structural considerations.
[ "3", "4", "5" ]
109
2,778
0
false
Briefly, FR detects homology based on the combination of evolutionary criteria and structural considerations.
[]
Briefly, FR detects homology based on the combination of evolutionary criteria and structural considerations.
true
true
true
true
true
470
1
INTRODUCTION
1
3
[ "b3", "b4", "b5" ]
16,844,970
pmid-1614539|NA|pmid-12377129
FR differs from traditional sequence homology database searches insofar as the databases to be searched by FR contain only proteins with experimentally determined structures rather than all protein sequences.
[ "3", "4", "5" ]
208
2,779
0
false
FR differs from traditional sequence homology database searches insofar as the databases to be searched by FR contain only proteins with experimentally determined structures rather than all protein sequences.
[]
FR differs from traditional sequence homology database searches insofar as the databases to be searched by FR contain only proteins with experimentally determined structures rather than all protein sequences.
true
true
true
true
true
470
1
INTRODUCTION
1
4
[ "b3", "b4", "b5" ]
16,844,970
pmid-1614539|NA|pmid-12377129
Hence, the availability of a related structure in the Protein Data Bank is an essential but not sufficient prerequisite for the success of FR-based identification of homologs (4).
[ "3", "4", "5" ]
179
2,780
1
false
Hence, the availability of a related structure in the Protein Data Bank is an essential but not sufficient prerequisite for the success of FR-based identification of homologs.
[ "4" ]
Hence, the availability of a related structure in the Protein Data Bank is an essential but not sufficient prerequisite for the success of FR-based identification of homologs.
true
true
true
true
true
470
1
INTRODUCTION
1
3
[ "b3", "b4", "b5" ]
16,844,970
pmid-1614539|NA|pmid-12377129
However, homology is defined on the basis of evolution rather than function.
[ "3", "4", "5" ]
76
2,781
0
false
However, homology is defined on the basis of evolution rather than function.
[]
However, homology is defined on the basis of evolution rather than function.
true
true
true
true
true
470
1
INTRODUCTION
1
5
[ "b3", "b4", "b5" ]
16,844,970
pmid-1614539|NA|pmid-12377129
Homologues can fulfill different functions and share only very general similarities; even orthologs may fulfill non-identical roles (5).
[ "3", "4", "5" ]
136
2,782
1
false
Homologues can fulfill different functions and share only very general similarities; even orthologs may fulfill non-identical roles.
[ "5" ]
Homologues can fulfill different functions and share only very general similarities; even orthologs may fulfill non-identical roles.
true
true
true
true
true
470
2
INTRODUCTION
1
4
[ "b4" ]
16,844,970
NA
Moreover, homology is not necessarily a one-to-one relationship, because a single gene in one genome may correspond to a whole family of paralogs in another genome, which may be functionally diverse.
[ "4" ]
199
2,783
0
false
Moreover, homology is not necessarily a one-to-one relationship, because a single gene in one genome may correspond to a whole family of paralogs in another genome, which may be functionally diverse.
[]
Moreover, homology is not necessarily a one-to-one relationship, because a single gene in one genome may correspond to a whole family of paralogs in another genome, which may be functionally diverse.
true
true
true
true
true
471
2
INTRODUCTION
1
4
[ "b4" ]
16,844,970
NA
Hence one pitfall is often, correctly defining orthologs when annotating unknown protein or gene function by homology, using either simple or sophisticated existing bioinformatics tools (4).
[ "4" ]
190
2,784
1
false
Hence one pitfall is often, correctly defining orthologs when annotating unknown protein or gene function by homology, using either simple or sophisticated existing bioinformatics tools.
[ "4" ]
Hence one pitfall is often, correctly defining orthologs when annotating unknown protein or gene function by homology, using either simple or sophisticated existing bioinformatics tools.
true
true
true
true
true
471
3
INTRODUCTION
1
6
[ "b6", "b7", "b8", "b9" ]
16,844,970
pmid-3714490|pmid-7610486|pmid-11590105|pmid-11590104
Currently there is a multitude of tools available for the visualization of information contained within a protein sequence such as signal peptides (6), transmembrane domains (7,8) and functional domains [e.g.
[ "6", "7", "8", "9" ]
208
2,785
1
false
Currently there is a multitude of tools available for the visualization of information contained within a protein sequence such as signal peptides, transmembrane domains and functional domains [e.g.
[ "6", "7,8" ]
Currently there is a multitude of tools available for the visualization of information contained within a protein sequence such as signal peptides, transmembrane domains and functional domains [e.g.
true
true
true
true
true
472
3
INTRODUCTION
1
9
[ "b6", "b7", "b8", "b9" ]
16,844,970
pmid-3714490|pmid-7610486|pmid-11590105|pmid-11590104
InterProScan (9)].
[ "6", "7", "8", "9" ]
18
2,786
1
false
InterProScan ].
[ "9" ]
InterProScan ].
true
true
true
true
true
472
3
INTRODUCTION
1
6
[ "b6", "b7", "b8", "b9" ]
16,844,970
pmid-3714490|pmid-7610486|pmid-11590105|pmid-11590104
The latter currently comprises 15 domain prediction methods.
[ "6", "7", "8", "9" ]
60
2,787
0
false
The latter currently comprises 15 domain prediction methods.
[]
The latter currently comprises 15 domain prediction methods.
true
true
true
true
true
472
4
INTRODUCTION
1
10
[ "b10" ]
16,844,970
pmid-12167367
However, until now there is no tool available combining in one view protein sequence analysis with orthology information, thereby essentially combining protein information with phylogeny [see e.g.
[ "10" ]
196
2,788
0
false
However, until now there is no tool available combining in one view protein sequence analysis with orthology information, thereby essentially combining protein information with phylogeny [see e.g.
[]
However, until now there is no tool available combining in one view protein sequence analysis with orthology information, thereby essentially combining protein information with phylogeny [see e.g.
true
true
true
true
true
473
4
INTRODUCTION
1
10
[ "b10" ]
16,844,970
pmid-12167367
independent of the available 3D structure in databases.
[ "10" ]
55
2,789
0
false
independent of the available 3D structure in databases.
[]
independent of the available 3D structure in databases.
false
true
true
true
false
473
5
INTRODUCTION
0
null
null
16,844,970
null
In this paper, we present a more convenient way of identifying putative family members based on their evolutionary history.
null
123
2,790
0
false
null
null
In this paper, we present a more convenient way of identifying putative family members based on their evolutionary history.
true
true
true
true
true
474
5
INTRODUCTION
0
null
null
16,844,970
null
We examine the conservation of structural and functional domains which, unlike amino acid substitution, occurs at a slower rate throughout evolution.
null
149
2,791
0
false
null
null
We examine the conservation of structural and functional domains which, unlike amino acid substitution, occurs at a slower rate throughout evolution.
true
true
true
true
true
474
5
INTRODUCTION
0
null
null
16,844,970
null
The domains examined are often predicted by robust HMMs, which allow definition of a domain to remain stable with multiple amino acid substitutions, thus giving a more accurate analysis on the presence of this domain.
null
217
2,792
0
false
null
null
The domains examined are often predicted by robust HMMs, which allow definition of a domain to remain stable with multiple amino acid substitutions, thus giving a more accurate analysis on the presence of this domain.
true
true
true
true
true
474
6
INTRODUCTION
1
11
[ "b11" ]
16,844,970
pmid-10827456
This phylogenetic visualization tool allows a rapid ‘first pass’ quality screening of search results from InterProScan and others [e.g.
[ "11" ]
135
2,793
0
false
This phylogenetic visualization tool allows a rapid ‘first pass’ quality screening of search results from InterProScan and others [e.g.
[]
This phylogenetic visualization tool allows a rapid ‘first pass’ quality screening of search results from InterProScan and others [e.g.
true
true
true
true
true
475
6
INTRODUCTION
1
11
[ "b11" ]
16,844,970
pmid-10827456
the EMBOSS package (11)].
[ "11" ]
25
2,794
1
false
the EMBOSS package ].
[ "11" ]
the EMBOSS package ].
false
true
true
true
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475
6
INTRODUCTION
1
11
[ "b11" ]
16,844,970
pmid-10827456
One of its strengths is the forthright generation of a publication-quality graphical output.
[ "11" ]
92
2,795
0
false
One of its strengths is the forthright generation of a publication-quality graphical output.
[]
One of its strengths is the forthright generation of a publication-quality graphical output.
true
true
true
true
true
475
6
INTRODUCTION
1
11
[ "b11" ]
16,844,970
pmid-10827456
TreeDomViewer is available as a Perl-based web interface that accepts a multiple sequence file in any common format as input and produces a phylogenetic tree with the corresponding protein domain information projected onto the multiple sequence alignment next to it.
[ "11" ]
266
2,796
0
false
TreeDomViewer is available as a Perl-based web interface that accepts a multiple sequence file in any common format as input and produces a phylogenetic tree with the corresponding protein domain information projected onto the multiple sequence alignment next to it.
[]
TreeDomViewer is available as a Perl-based web interface that accepts a multiple sequence file in any common format as input and produces a phylogenetic tree with the corresponding protein domain information projected onto the multiple sequence alignment next to it.
true
true
true
true
true
475
6
INTRODUCTION
1
11
[ "b11" ]
16,844,970
pmid-10827456
Although a powerful tool by itself, TreeDomViewer is obviously dependent on the quality of the analysis tools and multiple alignments.
[ "11" ]
134
2,797
0
false
Although a powerful tool by itself, TreeDomViewer is obviously dependent on the quality of the analysis tools and multiple alignments.
[]
Although a powerful tool by itself, TreeDomViewer is obviously dependent on the quality of the analysis tools and multiple alignments.
true
true
true
true
true
475
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "b1", "b2", "b3", "b4", "b5", "b6", "b7", "b8" ]
16,916,790
pmid-12971721|pmid-948749|pmid-3052270|pmid-3198625|pmid-15797199|pmid-15688000|pmid-15780602|pmid-15797202|pmid-11864603|pmid-10882079|pmid-12672691|pmid-15198986|pmid-12971721|pmid-12504019|pmid-15198986|pmid-11553791
In vertebrate genes that are transcribed cell type specifically, transcriptional regulatory regions are present not only in the promoter proximal region, but also scattered in the upstream region, intron and downstream region (1).
[ "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8" ]
230
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false
In vertebrate genes that are transcribed cell type specifically, transcriptional regulatory regions are present not only in the promoter proximal region, but also scattered in the upstream region, intron and downstream region.
[ "1" ]
In vertebrate genes that are transcribed cell type specifically, transcriptional regulatory regions are present not only in the promoter proximal region, but also scattered in the upstream region, intron and downstream region.
true
true
true
true
true
476
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "b1", "b2", "b3", "b4", "b5", "b6", "b7", "b8" ]
16,916,790
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However, the role of the scattered regulatory regions for cell type-specific transcription remains obscure.
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However, the role of the scattered regulatory regions for cell type-specific transcription remains obscure.
[]
However, the role of the scattered regulatory regions for cell type-specific transcription remains obscure.
true
true
true
true
true
476