Datasets:
vgainullin
/
xciting_data

Dataset card Data Studio Files
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INTRODUCTION
1
33
[ "B33" ]
17,483,513
pmid-11044999
(C) Complementation of doxycycline (2 μg mlβˆ’1) -induced growth phenotypes was tested on SGal-uracil plates [YCp33Supex2-CDC33 (YCp-CDC33) and YCp33Supex2-TIF4631 (YCp-TIF4631)], or on SD-uracil plates [pRS316-TIF11 (pRS-TIF11) and pRS316-FUN12 (pRS-FUN12)].
[ "33" ]
257
6,400
0
false
(C) Complementation of doxycycline (2 ΞΌg mlβˆ’1) -induced growth phenotypes was tested on SGal-uracil plates, or on SD-uracil plates [pRS316-TIF11 (pRS-TIF11) and pRS316-FUN12 (pRS-FUN12)].
[ "YCp33Supex2-CDC33 (YCp-CDC33) and YCp33Supex2-TIF4631 (YCp-TIF4631)" ]
(C) Complementation of doxycycline (2 ΞΌg mlβˆ’1) -induced growth phenotypes was tested on SGal-uracil plates, or on SD-uracil plates.
false
false
true
true
false
1,052
3
INTRODUCTION
1
16–20
[ "B16 B17 B18 B19 B20", "B21 B22 B23", "B19", "B20", "B24" ]
17,483,513
pmid-2122455|pmid-14607835|pmid-9935150|pmid-2348862|pmid-1396596|NA|NA|NA|pmid-2348862|pmid-1396596|pmid-16982686
The functioning of living cells depends on the coordinated action of many molecular processes, including translation.
[ "16–20", "21–23", "19", "20", "24" ]
117
6,401
0
false
The functioning of living cells depends on the coordinated action of many molecular processes, including translation.
[]
The functioning of living cells depends on the coordinated action of many molecular processes, including translation.
true
true
true
true
true
1,053
3
INTRODUCTION
1
16–20
[ "B16 B17 B18 B19 B20", "B21 B22 B23", "B19", "B20", "B24" ]
17,483,513
pmid-2122455|pmid-14607835|pmid-9935150|pmid-2348862|pmid-1396596|NA|NA|NA|pmid-2348862|pmid-1396596|pmid-16982686
However, thinking on the rate control of processes such as translation has been influenced by the expectation that control is usually determined by a single rate-limiting step.
[ "16–20", "21–23", "19", "20", "24" ]
176
6,402
0
false
However, thinking on the rate control of processes such as translation has been influenced by the expectation that control is usually determined by a single rate-limiting step.
[]
However, thinking on the rate control of processes such as translation has been influenced by the expectation that control is usually determined by a single rate-limiting step.
true
true
true
true
true
1,053
3
INTRODUCTION
1
16–20
[ "B16 B17 B18 B19 B20", "B21 B22 B23", "B19", "B20", "B24" ]
17,483,513
pmid-2122455|pmid-14607835|pmid-9935150|pmid-2348862|pmid-1396596|NA|NA|NA|pmid-2348862|pmid-1396596|pmid-16982686
For example, it has frequently been suggested or assumed that eIF4E acts as a rate-limiting factor in translation initiation (16–20).
[ "16–20", "21–23", "19", "20", "24" ]
133
6,403
1
false
For example, it has frequently been suggested or assumed that eIF4E acts as a rate-limiting factor in translation initiation.
[ "16–20" ]
For example, it has frequently been suggested or assumed that eIF4E acts as a rate-limiting factor in translation initiation.
true
true
true
true
true
1,053
3
INTRODUCTION
1
21–23
[ "B16 B17 B18 B19 B20", "B21 B22 B23", "B19", "B20", "B24" ]
17,483,513
pmid-2122455|pmid-14607835|pmid-9935150|pmid-2348862|pmid-1396596|NA|NA|NA|pmid-2348862|pmid-1396596|pmid-16982686
This approach to posttranscriptional gene expression probably derives from early models of metabolic control, widely disseminated in biochemistry teaching texts (21–23), in which it has been assumed that one enzyme-catalysed step would be responsible for rate control through each pathway.
[ "16–20", "21–23", "19", "20", "24" ]
289
6,404
1
false
This approach to posttranscriptional gene expression probably derives from early models of metabolic control, widely disseminated in biochemistry teaching texts, in which it has been assumed that one enzyme-catalysed step would be responsible for rate control through each pathway.
[ "21–23" ]
This approach to posttranscriptional gene expression probably derives from early models of metabolic control, widely disseminated in biochemistry teaching texts, in which it has been assumed that one enzyme-catalysed step would be responsible for rate control through each pathway.
true
true
true
true
true
1,053
3
INTRODUCTION
1
16–20
[ "B16 B17 B18 B19 B20", "B21 B22 B23", "B19", "B20", "B24" ]
17,483,513
pmid-2122455|pmid-14607835|pmid-9935150|pmid-2348862|pmid-1396596|NA|NA|NA|pmid-2348862|pmid-1396596|pmid-16982686
On the other hand, uncertainty about the role of eIF4E in rate control has been created by contrasting observations of the effects of artificially enhanced eIF4E synthesis in primary cell cultures as opposed to cell lines (19,20,24).
[ "16–20", "21–23", "19", "20", "24" ]
233
6,405
0
false
On the other hand, uncertainty about the role of eIF4E in rate control has been created by contrasting observations of the effects of artificially enhanced eIF4E synthesis in primary cell cultures as opposed to cell lines.
[ "19,20,24" ]
On the other hand, uncertainty about the role of eIF4E in rate control has been created by contrasting observations of the effects of artificially enhanced eIF4E synthesis in primary cell cultures as opposed to cell lines.
true
true
true
true
true
1,053
4
INTRODUCTION
0
null
null
17,483,513
null
Up to now, translation has not been subjected to detailed quantitative control analysis, and therefore the mode of control in the translation initiation pathway could not be precisely elucidated.
null
195
6,406
0
false
null
null
Up to now, translation has not been subjected to detailed quantitative control analysis, and therefore the mode of control in the translation initiation pathway could not be precisely elucidated.
true
true
true
true
true
1,054
4
INTRODUCTION
0
null
null
17,483,513
null
In this article, we address the issue of rate control in the translation initiation pathway using genetic titration combined with control analysis of eIF synthesis rates in vivo.
null
178
6,407
0
false
null
null
In this article, we address the issue of rate control in the translation initiation pathway using genetic titration combined with control analysis of eIF synthesis rates in vivo.
true
true
true
true
true
1,054
4
INTRODUCTION
0
null
null
17,483,513
null
We have chosen to perform this work in S. cerevisiae, the eukaryotic organism with the best-defined translation system as well as the eukaryotic organism of choice for attempts to achieve comprehensive characterization of metabolic and genetic pathways in the coming years.
null
273
6,408
0
false
null
null
We have chosen to perform this work in S. cerevisiae, the eukaryotic organism with the best-defined translation system as well as the eukaryotic organism of choice for attempts to achieve comprehensive characterization of metabolic and genetic pathways in the coming years.
true
true
true
true
true
1,054
4
INTRODUCTION
0
null
null
17,483,513
null
Studies of this relatively simple eukaryote are far more readily integrated into coherent models of rate control than are the largely qualitative results derived from the diversity of dissimilar higher eukaryotic systems under study.
null
233
6,409
0
false
null
null
Studies of this relatively simple eukaryote are far more readily integrated into coherent models of rate control than are the largely qualitative results derived from the diversity of dissimilar higher eukaryotic systems under study.
true
true
true
true
true
1,054
4
INTRODUCTION
0
null
null
17,483,513
null
In our study, we find that control follows a distributed model in which all steps investigated contribute to the determination of overall rate, albeit to differing degrees.
null
172
6,410
0
false
null
null
In our study, we find that control follows a distributed model in which all steps investigated contribute to the determination of overall rate, albeit to differing degrees.
true
true
true
true
true
1,054
4
INTRODUCTION
0
null
null
17,483,513
null
The approach taken here has broad relevance for research on gene expression.
null
76
6,411
0
false
null
null
The approach taken here has broad relevance for research on gene expression.
true
true
true
true
true
1,054
0
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
17,483,513
pmid-215319|NA|pmid-11106749|pmid-15659338|pmid-15931189|pmid-9841679
This study has provided the first set of component control coefficients for eukaryotic translation initiation, and thus the first quantitative framework for defining how the components of this pathway collectively contribute to its overall control.
null
248
6,412
0
false
null
null
This study has provided the first set of component control coefficients for eukaryotic translation initiation, and thus the first quantitative framework for defining how the components of this pathway collectively contribute to its overall control.
true
true
true
true
true
1,055
0
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
17,483,513
pmid-215319|NA|pmid-11106749|pmid-15659338|pmid-15931189|pmid-9841679
The procedure utilized here could be applied to all of the macromolecular assembly pathways based on intermolecular interactions and different conformational states, thus building up an increasingly accurate picture of control across the network of intracellular interactions that are involved in gene expression.
null
313
6,413
0
false
null
null
The procedure utilized here could be applied to all of the macromolecular assembly pathways based on intermolecular interactions and different conformational states, thus building up an increasingly accurate picture of control across the network of intracellular interactions that are involved in gene expression.
true
true
true
true
true
1,055
0
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
17,483,513
pmid-215319|NA|pmid-11106749|pmid-15659338|pmid-15931189|pmid-9841679
Establishing this common quantitative framework for representation and modelling of the control and regulation of gene expression should be generally useful.
null
157
6,414
0
false
null
null
Establishing this common quantitative framework for representation and modelling of the control and regulation of gene expression should be generally useful.
true
true
true
true
true
1,055
1
DISCUSSION
1
6
[ "B6", "B41", "B16 B17 B18" ]
17,483,513
pmid-10364246|NA|pmid-15164008|pmid-15240832|NA|pmid-9732867|pmid-15145951|pmid-11018020|pmid-10364246|pmid-11018020|pmid-11387228|pmid-12861028|pmid-11044999|pmid-9841679|pmid-12406227|pmid-2122455|pmid-14607835|pmid-9935150
Our study illustrates how quantitative control data provide important insight into the workings of a complex biological system.
[ "6", "41", "16–18" ]
127
6,415
0
false
Our study illustrates how quantitative control data provide important insight into the workings of a complex biological system.
[]
Our study illustrates how quantitative control data provide important insight into the workings of a complex biological system.
true
true
true
true
true
1,056
1
DISCUSSION
1
6
[ "B6", "B41", "B16 B17 B18" ]
17,483,513
pmid-10364246|NA|pmid-15164008|pmid-15240832|NA|pmid-9732867|pmid-15145951|pmid-11018020|pmid-10364246|pmid-11018020|pmid-11387228|pmid-12861028|pmid-11044999|pmid-9841679|pmid-12406227|pmid-2122455|pmid-14607835|pmid-9935150
The data show that rate control is distributed over different steps (and different eIFs) in the initiation pathway.
[ "6", "41", "16–18" ]
115
6,416
0
false
The data show that rate control is distributed over different steps (and different eIFs) in the initiation pathway.
[]
The data show that rate control is distributed over different steps (and different eIFs) in the initiation pathway.
true
true
true
true
true
1,056
1
DISCUSSION
1
6
[ "B6", "B41", "B16 B17 B18" ]
17,483,513
pmid-10364246|NA|pmid-15164008|pmid-15240832|NA|pmid-9732867|pmid-15145951|pmid-11018020|pmid-10364246|pmid-11018020|pmid-11387228|pmid-12861028|pmid-11044999|pmid-9841679|pmid-12406227|pmid-2122455|pmid-14607835|pmid-9935150
It was noted previously that distributed rate control could be an inevitable consequence of the action of evolutionary β€˜forces’ on a pathway of this type (6).
[ "6", "41", "16–18" ]
158
6,417
1
false
It was noted previously that distributed rate control could be an inevitable consequence of the action of evolutionary β€˜forces’ on a pathway of this type.
[ "6" ]
It was noted previously that distributed rate control could be an inevitable consequence of the action of evolutionary β€˜forces’ on a pathway of this type.
true
true
true
true
true
1,056
1
DISCUSSION
1
6
[ "B6", "B41", "B16 B17 B18" ]
17,483,513
pmid-10364246|NA|pmid-15164008|pmid-15240832|NA|pmid-9732867|pmid-15145951|pmid-11018020|pmid-10364246|pmid-11018020|pmid-11387228|pmid-12861028|pmid-11044999|pmid-9841679|pmid-12406227|pmid-2122455|pmid-14607835|pmid-9935150
An additional outcome is that there is no simple relationship between intracellular eIF concentration and a factor's contribution to control of the system.
[ "6", "41", "16–18" ]
155
6,418
0
false
An additional outcome is that there is no simple relationship between intracellular eIF concentration and a factor's contribution to control of the system.
[]
An additional outcome is that there is no simple relationship between intracellular eIF concentration and a factor's contribution to control of the system.
true
true
true
true
true
1,056
1
DISCUSSION
1
41
[ "B6", "B41", "B16 B17 B18" ]
17,483,513
pmid-10364246|NA|pmid-15164008|pmid-15240832|NA|pmid-9732867|pmid-15145951|pmid-11018020|pmid-10364246|pmid-11018020|pmid-11387228|pmid-12861028|pmid-11044999|pmid-9841679|pmid-12406227|pmid-2122455|pmid-14607835|pmid-9935150
Thus, eIF4E is significantly more abundant in yeast cells than are eIF1A and eIF4G (41), yet its CJ value is far from proportionately smaller than those of these other two factors.
[ "6", "41", "16–18" ]
180
6,419
1
false
Thus, eIF4E is significantly more abundant in yeast cells than are eIF1A and eIF4G, yet its CJ value is far from proportionately smaller than those of these other two factors.
[ "41" ]
Thus, eIF4E is significantly more abundant in yeast cells than are eIF1A and eIF4G, yet its CJ value is far from proportionately smaller than those of these other two factors.
true
true
true
true
true
1,056
1
DISCUSSION
1
6
[ "B6", "B41", "B16 B17 B18" ]
17,483,513
pmid-10364246|NA|pmid-15164008|pmid-15240832|NA|pmid-9732867|pmid-15145951|pmid-11018020|pmid-10364246|pmid-11018020|pmid-11387228|pmid-12861028|pmid-11044999|pmid-9841679|pmid-12406227|pmid-2122455|pmid-14607835|pmid-9935150
In other words, it is unwise to base any judgments of likely control strength of a component of such a pathway on intracellular abundance alone.
[ "6", "41", "16–18" ]
144
6,420
0
false
In other words, it is unwise to base any judgments of likely control strength of a component of such a pathway on intracellular abundance alone.
[]
In other words, it is unwise to base any judgments of likely control strength of a component of such a pathway on intracellular abundance alone.
true
true
true
true
true
1,056
1
DISCUSSION
1
16–18
[ "B6", "B41", "B16 B17 B18" ]
17,483,513
pmid-10364246|NA|pmid-15164008|pmid-15240832|NA|pmid-9732867|pmid-15145951|pmid-11018020|pmid-10364246|pmid-11018020|pmid-11387228|pmid-12861028|pmid-11044999|pmid-9841679|pmid-12406227|pmid-2122455|pmid-14607835|pmid-9935150
This consideration is also relevant to any models of disease caused by mutationally induced deficiencies in eIF function (16–18), since the quantitative data presented here show that we need to abandon the assumption that any particular eIF commands full control over the rate of the overall pathway under any particular...
[ "6", "41", "16–18" ]
339
6,421
1
false
This consideration is also relevant to any models of disease caused by mutationally induced deficiencies in eIF function, since the quantitative data presented here show that we need to abandon the assumption that any particular eIF commands full control over the rate of the overall pathway under any particular set of ...
[ "16–18" ]
This consideration is also relevant to any models of disease caused by mutationally induced deficiencies in eIF function, since the quantitative data presented here show that we need to abandon the assumption that any particular eIF commands full control over the rate of the overall pathway under any particular set of ...
true
true
true
true
true
1,056
2
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
17,483,513
pmid-11044999
It is of course essential to remember in a study of this type that at least eIF1A and eIF4G may act at more than one site on the initiation pathway, and thus that each CJ value for these proteins represents the sum of multi-site action.
null
236
6,422
0
false
null
null
It is of course essential to remember in a study of this type that at least eIF1A and eIF4G may act at more than one site on the initiation pathway, and thus that each CJ value for these proteins represents the sum of multi-site action.
true
true
true
true
true
1,057
2
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
17,483,513
pmid-11044999
This does not detract from the usefulness of these values as quantitative indicators of factor-centric control as manifested by the system under the defined conditions, but does mean that any mechanistic interpretation must take the multi-site functions into account.
null
267
6,423
0
false
null
null
This does not detract from the usefulness of these values as quantitative indicators of factor-centric control as manifested by the system under the defined conditions, but does mean that any mechanistic interpretation must take the multi-site functions into account.
true
true
true
true
true
1,057
2
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
17,483,513
pmid-11044999
In this context, for example, it is remarkable that despite being involved in several steps on the initiation pathway, eIF1A manifests a CJ value that is only 16% greater than that of eIF4E, a factor that is thought to have a single site of action on the pathway.
null
263
6,424
0
false
null
null
In this context, for example, it is remarkable that despite being involved in several steps on the initiation pathway, eIF1A manifests a CJ value that is only 16% greater than that of eIF4E, a factor that is thought to have a single site of action on the pathway.
true
true
true
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1,057
3
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
17,483,513
pmid-2122455|pmid-14607835|pmid-9935150|pmid-2348862|pmid-1396596|NA|NA|NA|pmid-2348862|pmid-1396596|pmid-16982686
In relation to potential targets for regulation of translation initiation, it is notable that the comparable CJ values of three of the eIFs studied in this work make them all potentially effective sites for targeting regulation.
null
228
6,425
0
false
null
null
In relation to potential targets for regulation of translation initiation, it is notable that the comparable CJ values of three of the eIFs studied in this work make them all potentially effective sites for targeting regulation.
true
true
true
true
true
1,058
3
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
17,483,513
pmid-2122455|pmid-14607835|pmid-9935150|pmid-2348862|pmid-1396596|NA|NA|NA|pmid-2348862|pmid-1396596|pmid-16982686
Thus, the observation of distributed control in the translation initiation pathway also tells us not to assume that regulation is likely only to be effective if targeted to one or two of the characterized eIFs.
null
210
6,426
0
false
null
null
Thus, the observation of distributed control in the translation initiation pathway also tells us not to assume that regulation is likely only to be effective if targeted to one or two of the characterized eIFs.
true
true
true
true
true
1,058
3
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
17,483,513
pmid-2122455|pmid-14607835|pmid-9935150|pmid-2348862|pmid-1396596|NA|NA|NA|pmid-2348862|pmid-1396596|pmid-16982686
Finally, the current study sets the stage for comprehensive rate control analysis of this, and other, eukaryotic gene expression pathways.
null
138
6,427
0
false
null
null
Finally, the current study sets the stage for comprehensive rate control analysis of this, and other, eukaryotic gene expression pathways.
true
true
true
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true
1,058
3
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
17,483,513
pmid-2122455|pmid-14607835|pmid-9935150|pmid-2348862|pmid-1396596|NA|NA|NA|pmid-2348862|pmid-1396596|pmid-16982686
This will ultimately lead to the discovery of new general control principles that guide such systems.
null
101
6,428
0
false
null
null
This will ultimately lead to the discovery of new general control principles that guide such systems.
true
true
true
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true
1,058
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "b1" ]
17,145,716
pmid-7574500
SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment) (1) is a combinatorial chemistry methodology based on oligonucleotide libraries which are screened for high-affinity binding to a given target.
[ "1" ]
209
6,429
1
false
SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment) is a combinatorial chemistry methodology based on oligonucleotide libraries which are screened for high-affinity binding to a given target.
[ "1" ]
SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment) is a combinatorial chemistry methodology based on oligonucleotide libraries which are screened for high-affinity binding to a given target.
true
true
true
true
true
1,059
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "b1" ]
17,145,716
pmid-7574500
High-affinity ligands can be isolated from the library using iterative rounds affinity-based enrichment, alternating with oligonucleotide amplification.
[ "1" ]
152
6,430
0
false
High-affinity ligands can be isolated from the library using iterative rounds affinity-based enrichment, alternating with oligonucleotide amplification.
[]
High-affinity ligands can be isolated from the library using iterative rounds affinity-based enrichment, alternating with oligonucleotide amplification.
true
true
true
true
true
1,059
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "b1" ]
17,145,716
pmid-7574500
Ligands obtained using this methodology have often been referred to as aptamers.
[ "1" ]
80
6,431
0
false
Ligands obtained using this methodology have often been referred to as aptamers.
[]
Ligands obtained using this methodology have often been referred to as aptamers.
true
true
true
true
true
1,059
1
INTRODUCTION
1
2
[ "b2", "b3", "b4", "b5", "b6", "b7" ]
17,145,716
pmid-1741036|NA|pmid-8298130|pmid-8448147|pmid-8475124|pmid-8407909
In 1992, Block et al.
[ "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7" ]
21
6,432
0
false
In 1992, Block et al.
[]
In 1992, Block et al.
true
true
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true
1,060
1
INTRODUCTION
1
2
[ "b2", "b3", "b4", "b5", "b6", "b7" ]
17,145,716
pmid-1741036|NA|pmid-8298130|pmid-8448147|pmid-8475124|pmid-8407909
(2) screened a pool of ∼1013 synthetic oligonucleotides for their interaction with thrombin, which is a serine protease with multiple functions in hemostasis whose roles in coronary heart disease and other thrombotic disorders have promoted efforts toward the identification of specific inhibitors.
[ "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7" ]
298
6,433
1
false
screened a pool of ∼1013 synthetic oligonucleotides for their interaction with thrombin, which is a serine protease with multiple functions in hemostasis whose roles in coronary heart disease and other thrombotic disorders have promoted efforts toward the identification of specific inhibitors.
[ "2" ]
screened a pool of ∼1013 synthetic oligonucleotides for their interaction with thrombin, which is a serine protease with multiple functions in hemostasis whose roles in coronary heart disease and other thrombotic disorders have promoted efforts toward the identification of specific inhibitors.
false
true
true
true
false
1,060
1
INTRODUCTION
1
2
[ "b2", "b3", "b4", "b5", "b6", "b7" ]
17,145,716
pmid-1741036|NA|pmid-8298130|pmid-8448147|pmid-8475124|pmid-8407909
This study led to the identification of a consensus DNA 15mer, namely 5β€²GGTTGGTGTGGTTGG3β€² (TBA: thrombin binding aptamer), which was found to be a potent inhibitor of thrombin with an EC50 of 20 nM in a fibrinogen clotting assay (3,4).
[ "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7" ]
235
6,434
0
false
This study led to the identification of a consensus DNA 15mer, namely 5β€²GGTTGGTGTGGTTGG3β€² (TBA: thrombin binding aptamer), which was found to be a potent inhibitor of thrombin with an EC50 of 20 nM in a fibrinogen clotting assay.
[ "3,4" ]
This study led to the identification of a consensus DNA 15mer, namely 5β€²GGTTGGTGTGGTTGG3β€² (TBA: thrombin binding aptamer), which was found to be a potent inhibitor of thrombin with an EC50 of 20 nM in a fibrinogen clotting assay.
true
true
true
true
true
1,060
1
INTRODUCTION
1
2
[ "b2", "b3", "b4", "b5", "b6", "b7" ]
17,145,716
pmid-1741036|NA|pmid-8298130|pmid-8448147|pmid-8475124|pmid-8407909
The 3D structure of TBA was solved using NMR techniques (5,6).
[ "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7" ]
62
6,435
0
false
The 3D structure of TBA was solved using NMR techniques.
[ "5,6" ]
The 3D structure of TBA was solved using NMR techniques.
true
true
true
true
true
1,060
1
INTRODUCTION
1
2
[ "b2", "b3", "b4", "b5", "b6", "b7" ]
17,145,716
pmid-1741036|NA|pmid-8298130|pmid-8448147|pmid-8475124|pmid-8407909
As Figure 1 shows, TBA is characterized by a chair-like structure consisting of two G-tetrads connected by two TT loops and a single TGT loop.
[ "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7" ]
142
6,436
0
false
As Figure 1 shows, TBA is characterized by a chair-like structure consisting of two G-tetrads connected by two TT loops and a single TGT loop.
[]
As Figure 1 shows, TBA is characterized by a chair-like structure consisting of two G-tetrads connected by two TT loops and a single TGT loop.
true
true
true
true
true
1,060
1
INTRODUCTION
1
7
[ "b2", "b3", "b4", "b5", "b6", "b7" ]
17,145,716
pmid-1741036|NA|pmid-8298130|pmid-8448147|pmid-8475124|pmid-8407909
As suggested by others (7), TBA binds at the anion exosite I of thrombin in a conformation little changed from that of the unbound species.
[ "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7" ]
139
6,437
1
false
As suggested by others, TBA binds at the anion exosite I of thrombin in a conformation little changed from that of the unbound species.
[ "7" ]
As suggested by others, TBA binds at the anion exosite I of thrombin in a conformation little changed from that of the unbound species.
true
true
true
true
true
1,060
2
INTRODUCTION
1
8
[ "b8", "b10", "b9", "b10", "b11" ]
17,145,716
NA|pmid-9784097|pmid-9632356|pmid-9784097|NA
In order to improve the properties of TBA, a number of researches (8–10) have been devoted to its structure–activity relationship to post-SELEX modifications.
[ "8", "10", "9", "10", "11" ]
158
6,438
0
false
In order to improve the properties of TBA, a number of researches have been devoted to its structure–activity relationship to post-SELEX modifications.
[ "8–10" ]
In order to improve the properties of TBA, a number of researches have been devoted to its structure–activity relationship to post-SELEX modifications.
true
true
true
true
true
1,061
2
INTRODUCTION
1
8
[ "b8", "b10", "b9", "b10", "b11" ]
17,145,716
NA|pmid-9784097|pmid-9632356|pmid-9784097|NA
For example, He et al.
[ "8", "10", "9", "10", "11" ]
22
6,439
0
false
For example, He et al.
[]
For example, He et al.
true
true
true
true
true
1,061
2
INTRODUCTION
1
9
[ "b8", "b10", "b9", "b10", "b11" ]
17,145,716
NA|pmid-9784097|pmid-9632356|pmid-9784097|NA
(9) synthesized numerous TBA analogues containing modified guanosine carrying several substituents at 8 position or at the exocyclic amino group.
[ "8", "10", "9", "10", "11" ]
145
6,440
1
false
synthesized numerous TBA analogues containing modified guanosine carrying several substituents at 8 position or at the exocyclic amino group.
[ "9" ]
synthesized numerous TBA analogues containing modified guanosine carrying several substituents at 8 position or at the exocyclic amino group.
false
true
true
true
false
1,061
2
INTRODUCTION
1
10
[ "b8", "b10", "b9", "b10", "b11" ]
17,145,716
NA|pmid-9784097|pmid-9632356|pmid-9784097|NA
In a different paper (10), the same authors reported the synthesis and the thrombin inhibiting properties of several TBA-based oligonucleotides containing neutral formacetal linkages.
[ "8", "10", "9", "10", "11" ]
183
6,441
1
false
In a different paper, the same authors reported the synthesis and the thrombin inhibiting properties of several TBA-based oligonucleotides containing neutral formacetal linkages.
[ "10" ]
In a different paper, the same authors reported the synthesis and the thrombin inhibiting properties of several TBA-based oligonucleotides containing neutral formacetal linkages.
true
true
true
true
true
1,061
2
INTRODUCTION
1
11
[ "b8", "b10", "b9", "b10", "b11" ]
17,145,716
NA|pmid-9784097|pmid-9632356|pmid-9784097|NA
However, although TBA was the first aptamer to be discovered, no studies dealing with the effects of introduction of sites of polarity inversion have been reported yet, even if such interesting backbone alteration has already been utilized in another aptamer, namely Macugen (11) (pegaptanib sodium), that has been recen...
[ "8", "10", "9", "10", "11" ]
413
6,442
1
false
However, although TBA was the first aptamer to be discovered, no studies dealing with the effects of introduction of sites of polarity inversion have been reported yet, even if such interesting backbone alteration has already been utilized in another aptamer, namely Macugen (pegaptanib sodium), that has been recently a...
[ "11" ]
However, although TBA was the first aptamer to be discovered, no studies dealing with the effects of introduction of sites of polarity inversion have been reported yet, even if such interesting backbone alteration has already been utilized in another aptamer, namely Macugen (pegaptanib sodium), that has been recently a...
true
true
true
true
true
1,061
3
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "b1" ]
17,145,716
pmid-7574500
In this frame, we have undertaken a study whose aim is to use a biologically driven approach in order to improve the knowledge of the interactions between thrombin and TBA that are critical for the biological activity.
[ "1" ]
218
6,443
0
false
In this frame, we have undertaken a study whose aim is to use a biologically driven approach in order to improve the knowledge of the interactions between thrombin and TBA that are critical for the biological activity.
[]
In this frame, we have undertaken a study whose aim is to use a biologically driven approach in order to improve the knowledge of the interactions between thrombin and TBA that are critical for the biological activity.
true
true
true
true
true
1,062
3
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "b1" ]
17,145,716
pmid-7574500
Particularly, we have designed and synthesized a TBA-based oligodeoxynucleotide containing a 5′–5β€² site of polarity inversion, namely 3β€²GGT5β€²-5β€²TGGTGTGGTTGG3β€² (1).
[ "1" ]
163
6,444
1
false
Particularly, we have designed and synthesized a TBA-based oligodeoxynucleotide containing a 5′–5β€² site of polarity inversion, namely 3β€²GGT5β€²-5β€²TGGTGTGGTTGG3β€².
[ "1" ]
Particularly, we have designed and synthesized a TBA-based oligodeoxynucleotide containing a 5′–5β€² site of polarity inversion, namely 3β€²GGT5β€²-5β€²TGGTGTGGTTGG3β€².
true
true
true
true
true
1,062
3
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "b1" ]
17,145,716
pmid-7574500
In this article, we report a detailed structural study, along with thermal stability analysis and a structure–activity relationship of this new modified TBA.
[ "1" ]
157
6,445
0
false
In this article, we report a detailed structural study, along with thermal stability analysis and a structure–activity relationship of this new modified TBA.
[]
In this article, we report a detailed structural study, along with thermal stability analysis and a structure–activity relationship of this new modified TBA.
true
true
true
true
true
1,062
0
INTRODUCTION
0
null
null
17,062,631
pmid-9241234|pmid-11258619|pmid-9131620|pmid-12975324
Advanced genetics and metabolic engineering require reliable conditional gene control.
null
86
6,446
0
false
null
null
Advanced genetics and metabolic engineering require reliable conditional gene control.
true
true
true
true
true
1,063
0
INTRODUCTION
0
null
null
17,062,631
pmid-9241234|pmid-11258619|pmid-9131620|pmid-12975324
Unfortunately, gene disruption techniques remain difficult, applicable to a restricted set of species and strains and are particularly problematic in cases where the target gene is growth critical.
null
197
6,447
0
false
null
null
Unfortunately, gene disruption techniques remain difficult, applicable to a restricted set of species and strains and are particularly problematic in cases where the target gene is growth critical.
true
true
true
true
true
1,063
0
INTRODUCTION
0
null
null
17,062,631
pmid-9241234|pmid-11258619|pmid-9131620|pmid-12975324
In many eukaryotic systems, antisense and RNAi-mediated gene silencing is popular, whereas in bacteria RNAi mechanisms are absent and antisense technology is less developed and applied.
null
185
6,448
0
false
null
null
In many eukaryotic systems, antisense and RNAi-mediated gene silencing is popular, whereas in bacteria RNAi mechanisms are absent and antisense technology is less developed and applied.
true
true
true
true
true
1,063
1
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "b1", "b2", "b3", "b8", "b9", "b10", "b11", "b5", "b9", "b11", "b7", "b12", "b13", "b14", "b15", "b16" ]
17,062,631
pmid-12057690|pmid-9241234|pmid-12889024|pmid-10849423|pmid-11567142|pmid-11952893|pmid-16436705|pmid-14987762|pmid-11567142|pmid-16436705|pmid-10049845|pmid-12618456|pmid-12047936|pmid-11931231|pmid-16870773|pmid-11283595|pmid-15914490|pmid-12827275|pmid-16436705|pmid-11258619|pmid-12618456|pmid-15215366|pmid-3302612
Expressed antisense RNAs (asRNAs) appear to be suitable for conditional gene silencing in diverse bacteria (1,2) and for large scale applications.
[ "1", "2", "3", "8", "9", "10", "11", "5", "9", "11", "7", "12", "13", "14", "15", "16" ]
146
6,449
0
false
Expressed antisense RNAs (asRNAs) appear to be suitable for conditional gene silencing in diverse bacteria and for large scale applications.
[ "1,2" ]
Expressed antisense RNAs (asRNAs) appear to be suitable for conditional gene silencing in diverse bacteria and for large scale applications.
true
true
true
true
true
1,064
1
INTRODUCTION
1
11
[ "b1", "b2", "b3", "b8", "b9", "b10", "b11", "b5", "b9", "b11", "b7", "b12", "b13", "b14", "b15", "b16" ]
17,062,631
pmid-12057690|pmid-9241234|pmid-12889024|pmid-10849423|pmid-11567142|pmid-11952893|pmid-16436705|pmid-14987762|pmid-11567142|pmid-16436705|pmid-10049845|pmid-12618456|pmid-12047936|pmid-11931231|pmid-16870773|pmid-11283595|pmid-15914490|pmid-12827275|pmid-16436705|pmid-11258619|pmid-12618456|pmid-15215366|pmid-3302612
Indeed, asRNA can repress translation in diverse bacteria (3–8), and library screens have revealed effective antisense transcripts and putative new essential genes (9,10) and inhibitors (11).
[ "1", "2", "3", "8", "9", "10", "11", "5", "9", "11", "7", "12", "13", "14", "15", "16" ]
191
6,450
1
false
Indeed, asRNA can repress translation in diverse bacteria, and library screens have revealed effective antisense transcripts and putative new essential genes and inhibitors.
[ "3–8", "9,10", "11" ]
Indeed, asRNA can repress translation in diverse bacteria, and library screens have revealed effective antisense transcripts and putative new essential genes and inhibitors.
true
true
true
true
true
1,064
1
INTRODUCTION
1
13
[ "b1", "b2", "b3", "b8", "b9", "b10", "b11", "b5", "b9", "b11", "b7", "b12", "b13", "b14", "b15", "b16" ]
17,062,631
pmid-12057690|pmid-9241234|pmid-12889024|pmid-10849423|pmid-11567142|pmid-11952893|pmid-16436705|pmid-14987762|pmid-11567142|pmid-16436705|pmid-10049845|pmid-12618456|pmid-12047936|pmid-11931231|pmid-16870773|pmid-11283595|pmid-15914490|pmid-12827275|pmid-16436705|pmid-11258619|pmid-12618456|pmid-15215366|pmid-3302612
The expressed asRNA method may be more efficient in Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus (5,9–11) and Clostridium acetobutylicum (7,12) relative to Gram-negative bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, but reports of mixed results (13) suggest that design improvements are needed.
[ "1", "2", "3", "8", "9", "10", "11", "5", "9", "11", "7", "12", "13", "14", "15", "16" ]
292
6,451
1
false
The expressed asRNA method may be more efficient in Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium acetobutylicum relative to Gram-negative bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, but reports of mixed results suggest that design improvements are needed.
[ "5,9–11", "7,12", "13" ]
The expressed asRNA method may be more efficient in Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium acetobutylicum relative to Gram-negative bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, but reports of mixed results suggest that design improvements are needed.
true
true
true
true
true
1,064
1
INTRODUCTION
1
14
[ "b1", "b2", "b3", "b8", "b9", "b10", "b11", "b5", "b9", "b11", "b7", "b12", "b13", "b14", "b15", "b16" ]
17,062,631
pmid-12057690|pmid-9241234|pmid-12889024|pmid-10849423|pmid-11567142|pmid-11952893|pmid-16436705|pmid-14987762|pmid-11567142|pmid-16436705|pmid-10049845|pmid-12618456|pmid-12047936|pmid-11931231|pmid-16870773|pmid-11283595|pmid-15914490|pmid-12827275|pmid-16436705|pmid-11258619|pmid-12618456|pmid-15215366|pmid-3302612
Also, bacteria have endogenous asRNA regulators (14) and cell permeable modified antisense agents are efficient inhibitors (15,16).
[ "1", "2", "3", "8", "9", "10", "11", "5", "9", "11", "7", "12", "13", "14", "15", "16" ]
131
6,452
1
false
Also, bacteria have endogenous asRNA regulators and cell permeable modified antisense agents are efficient inhibitors.
[ "14", "15,16" ]
Also, bacteria have endogenous asRNA regulators and cell permeable modified antisense agents are efficient inhibitors.
true
true
true
true
true
1,064
1
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "b1", "b2", "b3", "b8", "b9", "b10", "b11", "b5", "b9", "b11", "b7", "b12", "b13", "b14", "b15", "b16" ]
17,062,631
pmid-12057690|pmid-9241234|pmid-12889024|pmid-10849423|pmid-11567142|pmid-11952893|pmid-16436705|pmid-14987762|pmid-11567142|pmid-16436705|pmid-10049845|pmid-12618456|pmid-12047936|pmid-11931231|pmid-16870773|pmid-11283595|pmid-15914490|pmid-12827275|pmid-16436705|pmid-11258619|pmid-12618456|pmid-15215366|pmid-3302612
Therefore, achieving improved antisense silencing in E.coli appears to be largely a technical challenge.
[ "1", "2", "3", "8", "9", "10", "11", "5", "9", "11", "7", "12", "13", "14", "15", "16" ]
104
6,453
0
false
Therefore, achieving improved antisense silencing in E.coli appears to be largely a technical challenge.
[]
Therefore, achieving improved antisense silencing in E.coli appears to be largely a technical challenge.
true
true
true
true
true
1,064
2
INTRODUCTION
0
null
null
17,062,631
pmid-14633993|pmid-9367744
Here we found that a simple paired-termini (PT) design stabilizes asRNA cassettes and enhances conditional gene silencing in E.coli.
null
132
6,454
0
false
null
null
Here we found that a simple paired-termini (PT) design stabilizes asRNA cassettes and enhances conditional gene silencing in E.coli.
true
true
true
true
true
1,065
2
INTRODUCTION
0
null
null
17,062,631
pmid-14633993|pmid-9367744
Two well-characterized and tractable genes were targeted using a range of design variants.
null
90
6,455
0
false
null
null
Two well-characterized and tractable genes were targeted using a range of design variants.
true
true
true
true
true
1,065
2
INTRODUCTION
0
null
null
17,062,631
pmid-14633993|pmid-9367744
The results show that PTasRNAs are stabilized, accumulate following induction and provide reliable gene inhibition that is sufficient to alter growth phenotypes.
null
161
6,456
0
false
null
null
The results show that PTasRNAs are stabilized, accumulate following induction and provide reliable gene inhibition that is sufficient to alter growth phenotypes.
true
true
true
true
true
1,065
2
INTRODUCTION
0
null
null
17,062,631
pmid-14633993|pmid-9367744
The approach is compatible with comprehensive forward and reverse RNA-level genetics of both essential and non-essential bacterial genes and there are potential applications in pharmaceutical discovery and metabolic engineering.
null
228
6,457
0
false
null
null
The approach is compatible with comprehensive forward and reverse RNA-level genetics of both essential and non-essential bacterial genes and there are potential applications in pharmaceutical discovery and metabolic engineering.
true
true
true
true
true
1,065
0
DISCUSSION
1
2
[ "b2", "b6", "b4", "b39" ]
17,062,631
pmid-9241234|pmid-11258619|pmid-9131620|pmid-12975324
PT asRNAs provide improved gene silencing tools for E.coli.
[ "2", "6", "4", "39" ]
59
6,458
0
false
PT asRNAs provide improved gene silencing tools for E.coli.
[]
PT asRNAs provide improved gene silencing tools for E.coli.
true
true
true
true
true
1,066
0
DISCUSSION
1
4
[ "b2", "b6", "b4", "b39" ]
17,062,631
pmid-9241234|pmid-11258619|pmid-9131620|pmid-12975324
Bacterial RNAs are typically short lived, and there is evidence that half-life is an important factor in asRNA efficacy (2,6) and that a molar excess of asRNAs (and ribozymes) is required for efficient inhibition (4).
[ "2", "6", "4", "39" ]
217
6,459
1
false
Bacterial RNAs are typically short lived, and there is evidence that half-life is an important factor in asRNA efficacy and that a molar excess of asRNAs (and ribozymes) is required for efficient inhibition.
[ "2,6", "4" ]
Bacterial RNAs are typically short lived, and there is evidence that half-life is an important factor in asRNA efficacy and that a molar excess of asRNAs (and ribozymes) is required for efficient inhibition.
true
true
true
true
true
1,066
0
DISCUSSION
1
2
[ "b2", "b6", "b4", "b39" ]
17,062,631
pmid-9241234|pmid-11258619|pmid-9131620|pmid-12975324
An excess relative abundance should enable asRNAs to efficiently out-compete ribosomes at target RNAs.
[ "2", "6", "4", "39" ]
102
6,460
0
false
An excess relative abundance should enable asRNAs to efficiently out-compete ribosomes at target RNAs.
[]
An excess relative abundance should enable asRNAs to efficiently out-compete ribosomes at target RNAs.
true
true
true
true
true
1,066
0
DISCUSSION
1
2
[ "b2", "b6", "b4", "b39" ]
17,062,631
pmid-9241234|pmid-11258619|pmid-9131620|pmid-12975324
Therefore, the improved efficacy of PTasRNAs appears to be due to improved stability, which raises asRNA abundance.
[ "2", "6", "4", "39" ]
115
6,461
0
false
Therefore, the improved efficacy of PTasRNAs appears to be due to improved stability, which raises asRNA abundance.
[]
Therefore, the improved efficacy of PTasRNAs appears to be due to improved stability, which raises asRNA abundance.
true
true
true
true
true
1,066
0
DISCUSSION
1
2
[ "b2", "b6", "b4", "b39" ]
17,062,631
pmid-9241234|pmid-11258619|pmid-9131620|pmid-12975324
Also, it is possible that termini pairing aids target recognition by constraining the folded RNA.
[ "2", "6", "4", "39" ]
97
6,462
0
false
Also, it is possible that termini pairing aids target recognition by constraining the folded RNA.
[]
Also, it is possible that termini pairing aids target recognition by constraining the folded RNA.
true
true
true
true
true
1,066
0
DISCUSSION
1
39
[ "b2", "b6", "b4", "b39" ]
17,062,631
pmid-9241234|pmid-11258619|pmid-9131620|pmid-12975324
Finally, following mRNA recognition, PTasRNAs may trigger intrinsic decay mechanisms (39), which are apparently independent of RNase III, but may involve RNase E, or other RNases.
[ "2", "6", "4", "39" ]
179
6,463
1
false
Finally, following mRNA recognition, PTasRNAs may trigger intrinsic decay mechanisms, which are apparently independent of RNase III, but may involve RNase E, or other RNases.
[ "39" ]
Finally, following mRNA recognition, PTasRNAs may trigger intrinsic decay mechanisms, which are apparently independent of RNase III, but may involve RNase E, or other RNases.
true
true
true
true
true
1,066
1
DISCUSSION
1
40
[ "b40", "b41", "b11", "b6", "b12", "b42", "b43" ]
17,062,631
pmid-12057690|pmid-9241234|pmid-12889024|pmid-10849423|pmid-11567142|pmid-11952893|pmid-16436705|pmid-14987762|pmid-11567142|pmid-16436705|pmid-10049845|pmid-12618456|pmid-12047936|pmid-11931231|pmid-16870773|pmid-11283595|pmid-15914490|pmid-12827275|pmid-16436705|pmid-11258619|pmid-12618456|pmid-15215366|pmid-3302612
PTasRNAs are effective, yet we suspect that further improvements are possible.
[ "40", "41", "11", "6", "12", "42", "43" ]
78
6,464
0
false
PTasRNAs are effective, yet we suspect that further improvements are possible.
[]
PTasRNAs are effective, yet we suspect that further improvements are possible.
true
true
true
true
true
1,067
1
DISCUSSION
1
40
[ "b40", "b41", "b11", "b6", "b12", "b42", "b43" ]
17,062,631
pmid-12057690|pmid-9241234|pmid-12889024|pmid-10849423|pmid-11567142|pmid-11952893|pmid-16436705|pmid-14987762|pmid-11567142|pmid-16436705|pmid-10049845|pmid-12618456|pmid-12047936|pmid-11931231|pmid-16870773|pmid-11283595|pmid-15914490|pmid-12827275|pmid-16436705|pmid-11258619|pmid-12618456|pmid-15215366|pmid-3302612
For example, target site position and length issues are not well addressed here, nor in the literature, although it is clear that target selection is an important factor.
[ "40", "41", "11", "6", "12", "42", "43" ]
170
6,465
0
false
For example, target site position and length issues are not well addressed here, nor in the literature, although it is clear that target selection is an important factor.
[]
For example, target site position and length issues are not well addressed here, nor in the literature, although it is clear that target selection is an important factor.
true
true
true
true
true
1,067
1
DISCUSSION
1
11
[ "b40", "b41", "b11", "b6", "b12", "b42", "b43" ]
17,062,631
pmid-12057690|pmid-9241234|pmid-12889024|pmid-10849423|pmid-11567142|pmid-11952893|pmid-16436705|pmid-14987762|pmid-11567142|pmid-16436705|pmid-10049845|pmid-12618456|pmid-12047936|pmid-11931231|pmid-16870773|pmid-11283595|pmid-15914490|pmid-12827275|pmid-16436705|pmid-11258619|pmid-12618456|pmid-15215366|pmid-3302612
Most natural asRNAs target the translation initiation region (40,41), and we suspect that this region is a reasonable choice for most genes, but other susceptible regions exist (11).
[ "40", "41", "11", "6", "12", "42", "43" ]
182
6,466
1
false
Most natural asRNAs target the translation initiation region, and we suspect that this region is a reasonable choice for most genes, but other susceptible regions exist.
[ "40,41", "11" ]
Most natural asRNAs target the translation initiation region, and we suspect that this region is a reasonable choice for most genes, but other susceptible regions exist.
true
true
true
true
true
1,067
1
DISCUSSION
1
6
[ "b40", "b41", "b11", "b6", "b12", "b42", "b43" ]
17,062,631
pmid-12057690|pmid-9241234|pmid-12889024|pmid-10849423|pmid-11567142|pmid-11952893|pmid-16436705|pmid-14987762|pmid-11567142|pmid-16436705|pmid-10049845|pmid-12618456|pmid-12047936|pmid-11931231|pmid-16870773|pmid-11283595|pmid-15914490|pmid-12827275|pmid-16436705|pmid-11258619|pmid-12618456|pmid-15215366|pmid-3302612
Successful asRNA cassettes as short as 12mer have been reported (6); however, in the absence of knowledge about target accessibility, we favor larger antisense cassettes, which are more likely to contain structures that efficiently seed hybridization.
[ "40", "41", "11", "6", "12", "42", "43" ]
251
6,467
1
false
Successful asRNA cassettes as short as 12mer have been reported ; however, in the absence of knowledge about target accessibility, we favor larger antisense cassettes, which are more likely to contain structures that efficiently seed hybridization.
[ "6" ]
Successful asRNA cassettes as short as 12mer have been reported ; however, in the absence of knowledge about target accessibility, we favor larger antisense cassettes, which are more likely to contain structures that efficiently seed hybridization.
true
true
true
true
true
1,067
1
DISCUSSION
1
40
[ "b40", "b41", "b11", "b6", "b12", "b42", "b43" ]
17,062,631
pmid-12057690|pmid-9241234|pmid-12889024|pmid-10849423|pmid-11567142|pmid-11952893|pmid-16436705|pmid-14987762|pmid-11567142|pmid-16436705|pmid-10049845|pmid-12618456|pmid-12047936|pmid-11931231|pmid-16870773|pmid-11283595|pmid-15914490|pmid-12827275|pmid-16436705|pmid-11258619|pmid-12618456|pmid-15215366|pmid-3302612
Indeed, we found that the inhibition efficiency of a 147 base cassette exceeded that of a 29 base cassette (Figure 2C).
[ "40", "41", "11", "6", "12", "42", "43" ]
119
6,468
0
false
Indeed, we found that the inhibition efficiency of a 147 base cassette exceeded that of a 29 base cassette (Figure 2C).
[]
Indeed, we found that the inhibition efficiency of a 147 base cassette exceeded that of a 29 base cassette (Figure 2C).
true
true
true
true
true
1,067
1
DISCUSSION
1
40
[ "b40", "b41", "b11", "b6", "b12", "b42", "b43" ]
17,062,631
pmid-12057690|pmid-9241234|pmid-12889024|pmid-10849423|pmid-11567142|pmid-11952893|pmid-16436705|pmid-14987762|pmid-11567142|pmid-16436705|pmid-10049845|pmid-12618456|pmid-12047936|pmid-11931231|pmid-16870773|pmid-11283595|pmid-15914490|pmid-12827275|pmid-16436705|pmid-11258619|pmid-12618456|pmid-15215366|pmid-3302612
Further comparisons are needed on this issue, and target accessibility prediction tools (12,42) may be helpful.
[ "40", "41", "11", "6", "12", "42", "43" ]
111
6,469
0
false
Further comparisons are needed on this issue, and target accessibility prediction tools may be helpful.
[ "12,42" ]
Further comparisons are needed on this issue, and target accessibility prediction tools may be helpful.
true
true
true
true
true
1,067
1
DISCUSSION
1
40
[ "b40", "b41", "b11", "b6", "b12", "b42", "b43" ]
17,062,631
pmid-12057690|pmid-9241234|pmid-12889024|pmid-10849423|pmid-11567142|pmid-11952893|pmid-16436705|pmid-14987762|pmid-11567142|pmid-16436705|pmid-10049845|pmid-12618456|pmid-12047936|pmid-11931231|pmid-16870773|pmid-11283595|pmid-15914490|pmid-12827275|pmid-16436705|pmid-11258619|pmid-12618456|pmid-15215366|pmid-3302612
Also, recAβˆ’ strains showed more stable inhibition (data not shown) and we observed improved results in solid media relative to liquid media, possibly due to plasmid stability problems in liquid culture.
[ "40", "41", "11", "6", "12", "42", "43" ]
202
6,470
0
false
Also, recAβˆ’ strains showed more stable inhibition (data not shown) and we observed improved results in solid media relative to liquid media, possibly due to plasmid stability problems in liquid culture.
[]
Also, recAβˆ’ strains showed more stable inhibition (data not shown) and we observed improved results in solid media relative to liquid media, possibly due to plasmid stability problems in liquid culture.
true
true
true
true
true
1,067
1
DISCUSSION
1
43
[ "b40", "b41", "b11", "b6", "b12", "b42", "b43" ]
17,062,631
pmid-12057690|pmid-9241234|pmid-12889024|pmid-10849423|pmid-11567142|pmid-11952893|pmid-16436705|pmid-14987762|pmid-11567142|pmid-16436705|pmid-10049845|pmid-12618456|pmid-12047936|pmid-11931231|pmid-16870773|pmid-11283595|pmid-15914490|pmid-12827275|pmid-16436705|pmid-11258619|pmid-12618456|pmid-15215366|pmid-3302612
Plasmid stability is a common problem, and plasmids containing growth inhibitory sequences and long inverted repeats may be unstable (43).
[ "40", "41", "11", "6", "12", "42", "43" ]
138
6,471
1
false
Plasmid stability is a common problem, and plasmids containing growth inhibitory sequences and long inverted repeats may be unstable.
[ "43" ]
Plasmid stability is a common problem, and plasmids containing growth inhibitory sequences and long inverted repeats may be unstable.
true
true
true
true
true
1,067
1
DISCUSSION
1
40
[ "b40", "b41", "b11", "b6", "b12", "b42", "b43" ]
17,062,631
pmid-12057690|pmid-9241234|pmid-12889024|pmid-10849423|pmid-11567142|pmid-11952893|pmid-16436705|pmid-14987762|pmid-11567142|pmid-16436705|pmid-10049845|pmid-12618456|pmid-12047936|pmid-11931231|pmid-16870773|pmid-11283595|pmid-15914490|pmid-12827275|pmid-16436705|pmid-11258619|pmid-12618456|pmid-15215366|pmid-3302612
Therefore, PT length should be the minimum that provides asRNA stability without compromising plasmid stability.
[ "40", "41", "11", "6", "12", "42", "43" ]
112
6,472
0
false
Therefore, PT length should be the minimum that provides asRNA stability without compromising plasmid stability.
[]
Therefore, PT length should be the minimum that provides asRNA stability without compromising plasmid stability.
true
true
true
true
true
1,067
1
DISCUSSION
1
40
[ "b40", "b41", "b11", "b6", "b12", "b42", "b43" ]
17,062,631
pmid-12057690|pmid-9241234|pmid-12889024|pmid-10849423|pmid-11567142|pmid-11952893|pmid-16436705|pmid-14987762|pmid-11567142|pmid-16436705|pmid-10049845|pmid-12618456|pmid-12047936|pmid-11931231|pmid-16870773|pmid-11283595|pmid-15914490|pmid-12827275|pmid-16436705|pmid-11258619|pmid-12618456|pmid-15215366|pmid-3302612
Therefore, while the PT design proved effective against all genes and in all strains tested, it is clear that plasmid stability requires attention.
[ "40", "41", "11", "6", "12", "42", "43" ]
147
6,473
0
false
Therefore, while the PT design proved effective against all genes and in all strains tested, it is clear that plasmid stability requires attention.
[]
Therefore, while the PT design proved effective against all genes and in all strains tested, it is clear that plasmid stability requires attention.
true
true
true
true
true
1,067
2
DISCUSSION
1
44
[ "b44", "b45" ]
17,062,631
pmid-14633993|pmid-9367744
The effects of PTasRNAs may reflect the action of certain natural RNAs.
[ "44", "45" ]
71
6,474
0
false
The effects of PTasRNAs may reflect the action of certain natural RNAs.
[]
The effects of PTasRNAs may reflect the action of certain natural RNAs.
true
true
true
true
true
1,068
2
DISCUSSION
1
44
[ "b44", "b45" ]
17,062,631
pmid-14633993|pmid-9367744
For example, natural asRNAs are also stabilized by paired sequences, and in the case of the FinP natural asRNA, stability and target interaction is promoted by the RNA chaperone FinO recognition of paired sequences (44).
[ "44", "45" ]
220
6,475
1
false
For example, natural asRNAs are also stabilized by paired sequences, and in the case of the FinP natural asRNA, stability and target interaction is promoted by the RNA chaperone FinO recognition of paired sequences.
[ "44" ]
For example, natural asRNAs are also stabilized by paired sequences, and in the case of the FinP natural asRNA, stability and target interaction is promoted by the RNA chaperone FinO recognition of paired sequences.
true
true
true
true
true
1,068
2
DISCUSSION
1
45
[ "b44", "b45" ]
17,062,631
pmid-14633993|pmid-9367744
Also, the R1 plasmid encoded Hok toxin mRNA is processed into a stable isoform with perfectly matched PT (45).
[ "44", "45" ]
110
6,476
1
false
Also, the R1 plasmid encoded Hok toxin mRNA is processed into a stable isoform with perfectly matched PT.
[ "45" ]
Also, the R1 plasmid encoded Hok toxin mRNA is processed into a stable isoform with perfectly matched PT.
true
true
true
true
true
1,068
2
DISCUSSION
1
44
[ "b44", "b45" ]
17,062,631
pmid-14633993|pmid-9367744
Therefore, PTasRNA effects may reflect endogenous mechanisms for stabilizing RNA and promoting interactions.
[ "44", "45" ]
108
6,477
0
false
Therefore, PTasRNA effects may reflect endogenous mechanisms for stabilizing RNA and promoting interactions.
[]
Therefore, PTasRNA effects may reflect endogenous mechanisms for stabilizing RNA and promoting interactions.
true
true
true
true
true
1,068
3
DISCUSSION
1
46
[ "b46", "b11", "b40", "b47", "b48", "b49" ]
17,062,631
pmid-16496020|pmid-16436705|pmid-15914490|pmid-16710421|pmid-11976303|pmid-12794188
The PTasRNA design provides a framework to optimize and apply asRNA gene silencing in many applications.
[ "46", "11", "40", "47", "48", "49" ]
104
6,478
0
false
The PTasRNA design provides a framework to optimize and apply asRNA gene silencing in many applications.
[]
The PTasRNA design provides a framework to optimize and apply asRNA gene silencing in many applications.
true
true
true
true
true
1,069
3
DISCUSSION
1
46
[ "b46", "b11", "b40", "b47", "b48", "b49" ]
17,062,631
pmid-16496020|pmid-16436705|pmid-15914490|pmid-16710421|pmid-11976303|pmid-12794188
Forward and reverse RNA level genetics can be considered (46), and there are potential applications in pharmaceutical discovery and metabolic engineering.
[ "46", "11", "40", "47", "48", "49" ]
154
6,479
1
false
Forward and reverse RNA level genetics can be considered, and there are potential applications in pharmaceutical discovery and metabolic engineering.
[ "46" ]
Forward and reverse RNA level genetics can be considered, and there are potential applications in pharmaceutical discovery and metabolic engineering.
true
true
true
true
true
1,069
3
DISCUSSION
1
46
[ "b46", "b11", "b40", "b47", "b48", "b49" ]
17,062,631
pmid-16496020|pmid-16436705|pmid-15914490|pmid-16710421|pmid-11976303|pmid-12794188
For example, improved conditional redirection of metabolic flux could enhance metabolic engineering, and here we show that ackA asRNA induction in mid-growth phase increases heterologous gene expression.
[ "46", "11", "40", "47", "48", "49" ]
203
6,480
0
false
For example, improved conditional redirection of metabolic flux could enhance metabolic engineering, and here we show that ackA asRNA induction in mid-growth phase increases heterologous gene expression.
[]
For example, improved conditional redirection of metabolic flux could enhance metabolic engineering, and here we show that ackA asRNA induction in mid-growth phase increases heterologous gene expression.
true
true
true
true
true
1,069
3
DISCUSSION
1
47
[ "b46", "b11", "b40", "b47", "b48", "b49" ]
17,062,631
pmid-16496020|pmid-16436705|pmid-15914490|pmid-16710421|pmid-11976303|pmid-12794188
Also, silencing of essential genes can aid discovery of much needed new antimicrobials (11,40), as demonstrated recently with the discovery of platensimycin (47), and here we show improved drug target silencing and inhibitor sensitization.
[ "46", "11", "40", "47", "48", "49" ]
239
6,481
1
false
Also, silencing of essential genes can aid discovery of much needed new antimicrobials, as demonstrated recently with the discovery of platensimycin, and here we show improved drug target silencing and inhibitor sensitization.
[ "11,40", "47" ]
Also, silencing of essential genes can aid discovery of much needed new antimicrobials, as demonstrated recently with the discovery of platensimycin, and here we show improved drug target silencing and inhibitor sensitization.
true
true
true
true
true
1,069
3
DISCUSSION
1
46
[ "b46", "b11", "b40", "b47", "b48", "b49" ]
17,062,631
pmid-16496020|pmid-16436705|pmid-15914490|pmid-16710421|pmid-11976303|pmid-12794188
Finally, for applications in other bacterial species, interspecies differences in asRNA and RNase activities (48,49) should be considered, but we suspect that the PT design and information about the stability and abundance of asRNAs will enable improved silencing.
[ "46", "11", "40", "47", "48", "49" ]
264
6,482
0
false
Finally, for applications in other bacterial species, interspecies differences in asRNA and RNase activities should be considered, but we suspect that the PT design and information about the stability and abundance of asRNAs will enable improved silencing.
[ "48,49" ]
Finally, for applications in other bacterial species, interspecies differences in asRNA and RNase activities should be considered, but we suspect that the PT design and information about the stability and abundance of asRNAs will enable improved silencing.
true
true
true
true
true
1,069
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1–4
[ "B1 B2 B3 B4", "B5 B6 B7", "B8 B9 B10" ]
17,251,194
pmid-11733745|pmid-15539566|pmid-16141072|pmid-16651366|pmid-15372042|pmid-14744438|pmid-15211354|pmid-16751776|pmid-16751777|pmid-16882976|pmid-1594442|pmid-10429245
The completion of the genome projects of human and other model organisms provides us with an initial step towards deep understanding of various biological processes.
[ "1–4", "5–7", "8–10" ]
165
6,483
0
false
The completion of the genome projects of human and other model organisms provides us with an initial step towards deep understanding of various biological processes.
[]
The completion of the genome projects of human and other model organisms provides us with an initial step towards deep understanding of various biological processes.
true
true
true
true
true
1,070
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1–4
[ "B1 B2 B3 B4", "B5 B6 B7", "B8 B9 B10" ]
17,251,194
pmid-11733745|pmid-15539566|pmid-16141072|pmid-16651366|pmid-15372042|pmid-14744438|pmid-15211354|pmid-16751776|pmid-16751777|pmid-16882976|pmid-1594442|pmid-10429245
One of the striking findings from genome analyses is the presence of diverse classes of transcripts which do not encode protein products, the non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) (1–4).
[ "1–4", "5–7", "8–10" ]
173
6,484
1
false
One of the striking findings from genome analyses is the presence of diverse classes of transcripts which do not encode protein products, the non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs).
[ "1–4" ]
One of the striking findings from genome analyses is the presence of diverse classes of transcripts which do not encode protein products, the non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs).
true
true
true
true
true
1,070
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1–4
[ "B1 B2 B3 B4", "B5 B6 B7", "B8 B9 B10" ]
17,251,194
pmid-11733745|pmid-15539566|pmid-16141072|pmid-16651366|pmid-15372042|pmid-14744438|pmid-15211354|pmid-16751776|pmid-16751777|pmid-16882976|pmid-1594442|pmid-10429245
In addition to classical ncRNAs, such as tRNA, rRNA, snRNA and snoRNA, newly identified ncRNAs include microRNAs (miRNAs), endogenous small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), natural anti-sense transcripts and mRNA-like ncRNAs.
[ "1–4", "5–7", "8–10" ]
219
6,485
0
false
In addition to classical ncRNAs, such as tRNA, rRNA, snRNA and snoRNA, newly identified ncRNAs include microRNAs (miRNAs), endogenous small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), natural anti-sense transcripts and mRNA-like ncRNAs.
[]
In addition to classical ncRNAs, such as tRNA, rRNA, snRNA and snoRNA, newly identified ncRNAs include microRNAs (miRNAs), endogenous small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), natural anti-sense transcripts and mRNA-like ncRNAs.
true
true
true
true
true
1,070
0
INTRODUCTION
1
5–7
[ "B1 B2 B3 B4", "B5 B6 B7", "B8 B9 B10" ]
17,251,194
pmid-11733745|pmid-15539566|pmid-16141072|pmid-16651366|pmid-15372042|pmid-14744438|pmid-15211354|pmid-16751776|pmid-16751777|pmid-16882976|pmid-1594442|pmid-10429245
The miRNAs, a class of well characterized small RNAs found in both plants and animals, are involved primarily in development and cell differentiation and function as negative regulators of gene expression through translational repression and/or mRNA cleavage by a mechanism similar to RNA interference (RNAi) (5–7).
[ "1–4", "5–7", "8–10" ]
315
6,486
1
false
The miRNAs, a class of well characterized small RNAs found in both plants and animals, are involved primarily in development and cell differentiation and function as negative regulators of gene expression through translational repression and/or mRNA cleavage by a mechanism similar to RNA interference (RNAi).
[ "5–7" ]
The miRNAs, a class of well characterized small RNAs found in both plants and animals, are involved primarily in development and cell differentiation and function as negative regulators of gene expression through translational repression and/or mRNA cleavage by a mechanism similar to RNA interference (RNAi).
true
true
true
true
true
1,070
0
INTRODUCTION
1
8–10
[ "B1 B2 B3 B4", "B5 B6 B7", "B8 B9 B10" ]
17,251,194
pmid-11733745|pmid-15539566|pmid-16141072|pmid-16651366|pmid-15372042|pmid-14744438|pmid-15211354|pmid-16751776|pmid-16751777|pmid-16882976|pmid-1594442|pmid-10429245
Recently, germline-specific small RNAs were identified as another class of ncRNAs (8–10).
[ "1–4", "5–7", "8–10" ]
89
6,487
1
false
Recently, germline-specific small RNAs were identified as another class of ncRNAs.
[ "8–10" ]
Recently, germline-specific small RNAs were identified as another class of ncRNAs.
true
true
true
true
true
1,070
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1–4
[ "B1 B2 B3 B4", "B5 B6 B7", "B8 B9 B10" ]
17,251,194
pmid-11733745|pmid-15539566|pmid-16141072|pmid-16651366|pmid-15372042|pmid-14744438|pmid-15211354|pmid-16751776|pmid-16751777|pmid-16882976|pmid-1594442|pmid-10429245
Understanding the mechanisms by which ncRNAs function as regulatory elements will reveal a global picture of cellular and molecular networks connecting the transcriptome, proteome, interactome and epigenetics of the cell.
[ "1–4", "5–7", "8–10" ]
221
6,488
0
false
Understanding the mechanisms by which ncRNAs function as regulatory elements will reveal a global picture of cellular and molecular networks connecting the transcriptome, proteome, interactome and epigenetics of the cell.
[]
Understanding the mechanisms by which ncRNAs function as regulatory elements will reveal a global picture of cellular and molecular networks connecting the transcriptome, proteome, interactome and epigenetics of the cell.
true
true
true
true
true
1,070
1
INTRODUCTION
1
11
[ "B11", "B12", "B13", "B14", "B15", "B16 B17 B18" ]
17,251,194
pmid-9847178|pmid-15705854|pmid-16449203|pmid-16111943|pmid-16809489|pmid-16594986|pmid-16369484|pmid-15272117|pmid-16683135
Post-transcriptional maturation of RNA molecules includes various processing events, such as capping, splicing, polyadenylation, modification, editing, 5β€²- and/or 3β€²-end processing, which take place in a spatiotemporal sequence.
[ "11", "12", "13", "14", "15", "16–18" ]
228
6,489
0
false
Post-transcriptional maturation of RNA molecules includes various processing events, such as capping, splicing, polyadenylation, modification, editing, 5β€²- and/or 3β€²-end processing, which take place in a spatiotemporal sequence.
[]
Post-transcriptional maturation of RNA molecules includes various processing events, such as capping, splicing, polyadenylation, modification, editing, 5β€²- and/or 3β€²-end processing, which take place in a spatiotemporal sequence.
true
true
true
true
true
1,071
1
INTRODUCTION
1
11
[ "B11", "B12", "B13", "B14", "B15", "B16 B17 B18" ]
17,251,194
pmid-9847178|pmid-15705854|pmid-16449203|pmid-16111943|pmid-16809489|pmid-16594986|pmid-16369484|pmid-15272117|pmid-16683135
According to studies of classical ncRNAs, various post-transcriptional processing events are important for correct folding, interaction and assembly with proteins, and determination of subcellular localization, so as to execute the proper functions of the RNAs.
[ "11", "12", "13", "14", "15", "16–18" ]
261
6,490
0
false
According to studies of classical ncRNAs, various post-transcriptional processing events are important for correct folding, interaction and assembly with proteins, and determination of subcellular localization, so as to execute the proper functions of the RNAs.
[]
According to studies of classical ncRNAs, various post-transcriptional processing events are important for correct folding, interaction and assembly with proteins, and determination of subcellular localization, so as to execute the proper functions of the RNAs.
true
true
true
true
true
1,071
1
INTRODUCTION
1
11
[ "B11", "B12", "B13", "B14", "B15", "B16 B17 B18" ]
17,251,194
pmid-9847178|pmid-15705854|pmid-16449203|pmid-16111943|pmid-16809489|pmid-16594986|pmid-16369484|pmid-15272117|pmid-16683135
Additionally, RNA modification (or editing) is a characteristic structural feature of ncRNAs.
[ "11", "12", "13", "14", "15", "16–18" ]
93
6,491
0
false
Additionally, RNA modification (or editing) is a characteristic structural feature of ncRNAs.
[]
Additionally, RNA modification (or editing) is a characteristic structural feature of ncRNAs.
true
true
true
true
true
1,071
1
INTRODUCTION
1
11
[ "B11", "B12", "B13", "B14", "B15", "B16 B17 B18" ]
17,251,194
pmid-9847178|pmid-15705854|pmid-16449203|pmid-16111943|pmid-16809489|pmid-16594986|pmid-16369484|pmid-15272117|pmid-16683135
To date, more than 100 different RNA modifications have been reported in many RNA molecules from all types of living organisms (11).
[ "11", "12", "13", "14", "15", "16–18" ]
132
6,492
1
false
To date, more than 100 different RNA modifications have been reported in many RNA molecules from all types of living organisms.
[ "11" ]
To date, more than 100 different RNA modifications have been reported in many RNA molecules from all types of living organisms.
true
true
true
true
true
1,071
1
INTRODUCTION
1
11
[ "B11", "B12", "B13", "B14", "B15", "B16 B17 B18" ]
17,251,194
pmid-9847178|pmid-15705854|pmid-16449203|pmid-16111943|pmid-16809489|pmid-16594986|pmid-16369484|pmid-15272117|pmid-16683135
Most of these modifications have been found in abundant RNA molecules that have been isolated and analyzed, such as tRNAs, rRNAs or UsnRNAs.
[ "11", "12", "13", "14", "15", "16–18" ]
140
6,493
0
false
Most of these modifications have been found in abundant RNA molecules that have been isolated and analyzed, such as tRNAs, rRNAs or UsnRNAs.
[]
Most of these modifications have been found in abundant RNA molecules that have been isolated and analyzed, such as tRNAs, rRNAs or UsnRNAs.
true
true
true
true
true
1,071
1
INTRODUCTION
1
11
[ "B11", "B12", "B13", "B14", "B15", "B16 B17 B18" ]
17,251,194
pmid-9847178|pmid-15705854|pmid-16449203|pmid-16111943|pmid-16809489|pmid-16594986|pmid-16369484|pmid-15272117|pmid-16683135
However, it has been reported that even miRNAs are modified.
[ "11", "12", "13", "14", "15", "16–18" ]
60
6,494
0
false
However, it has been reported that even miRNAs are modified.
[]
However, it has been reported that even miRNAs are modified.
true
true
true
true
true
1,071
1
INTRODUCTION
1
14
[ "B11", "B12", "B13", "B14", "B15", "B16 B17 B18" ]
17,251,194
pmid-9847178|pmid-15705854|pmid-16449203|pmid-16111943|pmid-16809489|pmid-16594986|pmid-16369484|pmid-15272117|pmid-16683135
Plant miRNAs display 2β€²-O-methylation of the 3β€²-end nucleoside (12,13), which is required for normal miRNA maturation (14).
[ "11", "12", "13", "14", "15", "16–18" ]
123
6,495
1
false
Plant miRNAs display 2β€²-O-methylation of the 3β€²-end nucleoside, which is required for normal miRNA maturation.
[ "12,13", "14" ]
Plant miRNAs display 2β€²-O-methylation of the 3β€²-end nucleoside, which is required for normal miRNA maturation.
true
true
true
true
true
1,071
1
INTRODUCTION
1
15
[ "B11", "B12", "B13", "B14", "B15", "B16 B17 B18" ]
17,251,194
pmid-9847178|pmid-15705854|pmid-16449203|pmid-16111943|pmid-16809489|pmid-16594986|pmid-16369484|pmid-15272117|pmid-16683135
A recent study revealed that drosophila rasiRNA contains an unidentified modification of the 3β€²-end (15).
[ "11", "12", "13", "14", "15", "16–18" ]
105
6,496
1
false
A recent study revealed that drosophila rasiRNA contains an unidentified modification of the 3β€²-end.
[ "15" ]
A recent study revealed that drosophila rasiRNA contains an unidentified modification of the 3β€²-end.
true
true
true
true
true
1,071
1
INTRODUCTION
1
16–18
[ "B11", "B12", "B13", "B14", "B15", "B16 B17 B18" ]
17,251,194
pmid-9847178|pmid-15705854|pmid-16449203|pmid-16111943|pmid-16809489|pmid-16594986|pmid-16369484|pmid-15272117|pmid-16683135
A fraction of mammalian miRNAs (∼6%) contain inosine (I) which is produced in pre-miRNAs by A-to-I editing (16–18).
[ "11", "12", "13", "14", "15", "16–18" ]
115
6,497
1
false
A fraction of mammalian miRNAs (∼6%) contain inosine (I) which is produced in pre-miRNAs by A-to-I editing.
[ "16–18" ]
A fraction of mammalian miRNAs contain inosine (I) which is produced in pre-miRNAs by A-to-I editing.
true
true
true
true
true
1,071
1
INTRODUCTION
1
11
[ "B11", "B12", "B13", "B14", "B15", "B16 B17 B18" ]
17,251,194
pmid-9847178|pmid-15705854|pmid-16449203|pmid-16111943|pmid-16809489|pmid-16594986|pmid-16369484|pmid-15272117|pmid-16683135
These observations indicate that RNA modifications are general and ubiquitous events during RNA maturation.
[ "11", "12", "13", "14", "15", "16–18" ]
107
6,498
0
false
These observations indicate that RNA modifications are general and ubiquitous events during RNA maturation.
[]
These observations indicate that RNA modifications are general and ubiquitous events during RNA maturation.
true
true
true
true
true
1,071
1
INTRODUCTION
1
11
[ "B11", "B12", "B13", "B14", "B15", "B16 B17 B18" ]
17,251,194
pmid-9847178|pmid-15705854|pmid-16449203|pmid-16111943|pmid-16809489|pmid-16594986|pmid-16369484|pmid-15272117|pmid-16683135
Cellular RNAs can be detected by various hybridization-based techniques, including Northern hybridization, microarray technology and reverse transcription (RT)-PCR.
[ "11", "12", "13", "14", "15", "16–18" ]
164
6,499
0
false
Cellular RNAs can be detected by various hybridization-based techniques, including Northern hybridization, microarray technology and reverse transcription (RT)-PCR.
[]
Cellular RNAs can be detected by various hybridization-based techniques, including Northern hybridization, microarray technology and reverse transcription (RT)-PCR.
true
true
true
true
true
1,071