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PMC1847705_pone-0000374-g005_10269.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | Expression profiles of signalling molecules in the dogfish from pre- to early gastrulation stages.a–n: animal views of dogfish embryos hybridized with Vg1 (a, f, k), Wnt8 (b, g, l), Nodal (c, h, m), Lefty (d, i, n), Bmp4 (e, j, o) probes. f', l', h', n', j' are sagittal sections through the embryos shown in f, l, h, n, j respectively, after eosin counterstaining. The planes of sections are indicated by thin lines on the whole-mount view of each embryo. h” is a higher magnification of h at the level of the posterior margin. Similarly the view in m is restricted to the posterior margin. Scale bar: 500 µm. |
PMC1847705_pone-0000374-g005_10271.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | Expression profiles of signalling molecules in the dogfish from pre- to early gastrulation stages.a–n: animal views of dogfish embryos hybridized with Vg1 (a, f, k), Wnt8 (b, g, l), Nodal (c, h, m), Lefty (d, i, n), Bmp4 (e, j, o) probes. f', l', h', n', j' are sagittal sections through the embryos shown in f, l, h, n, j respectively, after eosin counterstaining. The planes of sections are indicated by thin lines on the whole-mount view of each embryo. h” is a higher magnification of h at the level of the posterior margin. Similarly the view in m is restricted to the posterior margin. Scale bar: 500 µm. |
PMC1847705_pone-0000374-g005_10265.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | Expression profiles of signalling molecules in the dogfish from pre- to early gastrulation stages.a–n: animal views of dogfish embryos hybridized with Vg1 (a, f, k), Wnt8 (b, g, l), Nodal (c, h, m), Lefty (d, i, n), Bmp4 (e, j, o) probes. f', l', h', n', j' are sagittal sections through the embryos shown in f, l, h, n, j respectively, after eosin counterstaining. The planes of sections are indicated by thin lines on the whole-mount view of each embryo. h” is a higher magnification of h at the level of the posterior margin. Similarly the view in m is restricted to the posterior margin. Scale bar: 500 µm. |
PMC1847705_pone-0000374-g005_10270.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | Expression profiles of signalling molecules in the dogfish from pre- to early gastrulation stages.a–n: animal views of dogfish embryos hybridized with Vg1 (a, f, k), Wnt8 (b, g, l), Nodal (c, h, m), Lefty (d, i, n), Bmp4 (e, j, o) probes. f', l', h', n', j' are sagittal sections through the embryos shown in f, l, h, n, j respectively, after eosin counterstaining. The planes of sections are indicated by thin lines on the whole-mount view of each embryo. h” is a higher magnification of h at the level of the posterior margin. Similarly the view in m is restricted to the posterior margin. Scale bar: 500 µm. |
PMC1847705_pone-0000374-g005_10267.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | Expression profiles of signalling molecules in the dogfish from pre- to early gastrulation stages.a–n: animal views of dogfish embryos hybridized with Vg1 (a, f, k), Wnt8 (b, g, l), Nodal (c, h, m), Lefty (d, i, n), Bmp4 (e, j, o) probes. f', l', h', n', j' are sagittal sections through the embryos shown in f, l, h, n, j respectively, after eosin counterstaining. The planes of sections are indicated by thin lines on the whole-mount view of each embryo. h” is a higher magnification of h at the level of the posterior margin. Similarly the view in m is restricted to the posterior margin. Scale bar: 500 µm. |
PMC1847705_pone-0000374-g005_10275.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | Expression profiles of signalling molecules in the dogfish from pre- to early gastrulation stages.a–n: animal views of dogfish embryos hybridized with Vg1 (a, f, k), Wnt8 (b, g, l), Nodal (c, h, m), Lefty (d, i, n), Bmp4 (e, j, o) probes. f', l', h', n', j' are sagittal sections through the embryos shown in f, l, h, n, j respectively, after eosin counterstaining. The planes of sections are indicated by thin lines on the whole-mount view of each embryo. h” is a higher magnification of h at the level of the posterior margin. Similarly the view in m is restricted to the posterior margin. Scale bar: 500 µm. |
PMC1847705_pone-0000374-g005_10279.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Expression profiles of signalling molecules in the dogfish from pre- to early gastrulation stages.a–n: animal views of dogfish embryos hybridized with Vg1 (a, f, k), Wnt8 (b, g, l), Nodal (c, h, m), Lefty (d, i, n), Bmp4 (e, j, o) probes. f', l', h', n', j' are sagittal sections through the embryos shown in f, l, h, n, j respectively, after eosin counterstaining. The planes of sections are indicated by thin lines on the whole-mount view of each embryo. h” is a higher magnification of h at the level of the posterior margin. Similarly the view in m is restricted to the posterior margin. Scale bar: 500 µm. |
PMC1847705_pone-0000374-g005_10266.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | Expression profiles of signalling molecules in the dogfish from pre- to early gastrulation stages.a–n: animal views of dogfish embryos hybridized with Vg1 (a, f, k), Wnt8 (b, g, l), Nodal (c, h, m), Lefty (d, i, n), Bmp4 (e, j, o) probes. f', l', h', n', j' are sagittal sections through the embryos shown in f, l, h, n, j respectively, after eosin counterstaining. The planes of sections are indicated by thin lines on the whole-mount view of each embryo. h” is a higher magnification of h at the level of the posterior margin. Similarly the view in m is restricted to the posterior margin. Scale bar: 500 µm. |
PMC1847705_pone-0000374-g005_10272.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | Expression profiles of signalling molecules in the dogfish from pre- to early gastrulation stages.a–n: animal views of dogfish embryos hybridized with Vg1 (a, f, k), Wnt8 (b, g, l), Nodal (c, h, m), Lefty (d, i, n), Bmp4 (e, j, o) probes. f', l', h', n', j' are sagittal sections through the embryos shown in f, l, h, n, j respectively, after eosin counterstaining. The planes of sections are indicated by thin lines on the whole-mount view of each embryo. h” is a higher magnification of h at the level of the posterior margin. Similarly the view in m is restricted to the posterior margin. Scale bar: 500 µm. |
PMC1847705_pone-0000374-g005_10274.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | Expression profiles of signalling molecules in the dogfish from pre- to early gastrulation stages.a–n: animal views of dogfish embryos hybridized with Vg1 (a, f, k), Wnt8 (b, g, l), Nodal (c, h, m), Lefty (d, i, n), Bmp4 (e, j, o) probes. f', l', h', n', j' are sagittal sections through the embryos shown in f, l, h, n, j respectively, after eosin counterstaining. The planes of sections are indicated by thin lines on the whole-mount view of each embryo. h” is a higher magnification of h at the level of the posterior margin. Similarly the view in m is restricted to the posterior margin. Scale bar: 500 µm. |
PMC1847705_pone-0000374-g005_10277.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | Expression profiles of signalling molecules in the dogfish from pre- to early gastrulation stages.a–n: animal views of dogfish embryos hybridized with Vg1 (a, f, k), Wnt8 (b, g, l), Nodal (c, h, m), Lefty (d, i, n), Bmp4 (e, j, o) probes. f', l', h', n', j' are sagittal sections through the embryos shown in f, l, h, n, j respectively, after eosin counterstaining. The planes of sections are indicated by thin lines on the whole-mount view of each embryo. h” is a higher magnification of h at the level of the posterior margin. Similarly the view in m is restricted to the posterior margin. Scale bar: 500 µm. |
PMC1847706_pone-0000375-g006_10287.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | Effects of mutations that downregulate the Tor pathway on photoreceptor axon guidance, and genetic epistasis with Tsc1.Optic lobes from third instar larvae (A–C) and 40h pupae (D–F) stained with MAb24B10. (A) Larvae heteroallelic for a hypomorphic combination of Rheb alleles show abnormal photoreceptor patterning and contain thick axon bundles that extend into the medulla (arrowhead). (D) At the 40 h pupal stage, Rheb mutants display axons that bypass their normal targets in the R7/R8 termination zones (arrowhead). (B) Larvae homozygous for a hypomorphic Tor allele show fairly normal photoreceptor patterning, but at the pupal stage (E) misrouted axons can be seen in the medulla (arrowheads). (C) S6k null homozygous larvae show thick axon bundles projecting past the lamina (arrowhead), while S6k pupae (F) display misrouted axons that initially bypass the R7/R8 termination zone (arrowhead). (G, H) Animals doubly mutant for Tor and Tsc1 do not show the severe photoreceptor defects seen when axons are mutant for Tsc1 alone (compare to Figure 5B, F, F′), although mild defects similar to those in Tor mutants are still apparent (arrowhead). (I) S6k-Tsc1 double homozygous mutants display a severe phenotype dissimilar to mutants for either S6k or Tsc1 alone. The scale bar is 25 microns in panel A, 50 microns in panel D. |
PMC1847706_pone-0000375-g006_10288.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Effects of mutations that downregulate the Tor pathway on photoreceptor axon guidance, and genetic epistasis with Tsc1.Optic lobes from third instar larvae (A–C) and 40h pupae (D–F) stained with MAb24B10. (A) Larvae heteroallelic for a hypomorphic combination of Rheb alleles show abnormal photoreceptor patterning and contain thick axon bundles that extend into the medulla (arrowhead). (D) At the 40 h pupal stage, Rheb mutants display axons that bypass their normal targets in the R7/R8 termination zones (arrowhead). (B) Larvae homozygous for a hypomorphic Tor allele show fairly normal photoreceptor patterning, but at the pupal stage (E) misrouted axons can be seen in the medulla (arrowheads). (C) S6k null homozygous larvae show thick axon bundles projecting past the lamina (arrowhead), while S6k pupae (F) display misrouted axons that initially bypass the R7/R8 termination zone (arrowhead). (G, H) Animals doubly mutant for Tor and Tsc1 do not show the severe photoreceptor defects seen when axons are mutant for Tsc1 alone (compare to Figure 5B, F, F′), although mild defects similar to those in Tor mutants are still apparent (arrowhead). (I) S6k-Tsc1 double homozygous mutants display a severe phenotype dissimilar to mutants for either S6k or Tsc1 alone. The scale bar is 25 microns in panel A, 50 microns in panel D. |
PMC1847706_pone-0000375-g006_10280.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | Effects of mutations that downregulate the Tor pathway on photoreceptor axon guidance, and genetic epistasis with Tsc1.Optic lobes from third instar larvae (A–C) and 40h pupae (D–F) stained with MAb24B10. (A) Larvae heteroallelic for a hypomorphic combination of Rheb alleles show abnormal photoreceptor patterning and contain thick axon bundles that extend into the medulla (arrowhead). (D) At the 40 h pupal stage, Rheb mutants display axons that bypass their normal targets in the R7/R8 termination zones (arrowhead). (B) Larvae homozygous for a hypomorphic Tor allele show fairly normal photoreceptor patterning, but at the pupal stage (E) misrouted axons can be seen in the medulla (arrowheads). (C) S6k null homozygous larvae show thick axon bundles projecting past the lamina (arrowhead), while S6k pupae (F) display misrouted axons that initially bypass the R7/R8 termination zone (arrowhead). (G, H) Animals doubly mutant for Tor and Tsc1 do not show the severe photoreceptor defects seen when axons are mutant for Tsc1 alone (compare to Figure 5B, F, F′), although mild defects similar to those in Tor mutants are still apparent (arrowhead). (I) S6k-Tsc1 double homozygous mutants display a severe phenotype dissimilar to mutants for either S6k or Tsc1 alone. The scale bar is 25 microns in panel A, 50 microns in panel D. |
PMC1847706_pone-0000375-g006_10285.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | Effects of mutations that downregulate the Tor pathway on photoreceptor axon guidance, and genetic epistasis with Tsc1.Optic lobes from third instar larvae (A–C) and 40h pupae (D–F) stained with MAb24B10. (A) Larvae heteroallelic for a hypomorphic combination of Rheb alleles show abnormal photoreceptor patterning and contain thick axon bundles that extend into the medulla (arrowhead). (D) At the 40 h pupal stage, Rheb mutants display axons that bypass their normal targets in the R7/R8 termination zones (arrowhead). (B) Larvae homozygous for a hypomorphic Tor allele show fairly normal photoreceptor patterning, but at the pupal stage (E) misrouted axons can be seen in the medulla (arrowheads). (C) S6k null homozygous larvae show thick axon bundles projecting past the lamina (arrowhead), while S6k pupae (F) display misrouted axons that initially bypass the R7/R8 termination zone (arrowhead). (G, H) Animals doubly mutant for Tor and Tsc1 do not show the severe photoreceptor defects seen when axons are mutant for Tsc1 alone (compare to Figure 5B, F, F′), although mild defects similar to those in Tor mutants are still apparent (arrowhead). (I) S6k-Tsc1 double homozygous mutants display a severe phenotype dissimilar to mutants for either S6k or Tsc1 alone. The scale bar is 25 microns in panel A, 50 microns in panel D. |
PMC1847706_pone-0000375-g006_10283.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | Effects of mutations that downregulate the Tor pathway on photoreceptor axon guidance, and genetic epistasis with Tsc1.Optic lobes from third instar larvae (A–C) and 40h pupae (D–F) stained with MAb24B10. (A) Larvae heteroallelic for a hypomorphic combination of Rheb alleles show abnormal photoreceptor patterning and contain thick axon bundles that extend into the medulla (arrowhead). (D) At the 40 h pupal stage, Rheb mutants display axons that bypass their normal targets in the R7/R8 termination zones (arrowhead). (B) Larvae homozygous for a hypomorphic Tor allele show fairly normal photoreceptor patterning, but at the pupal stage (E) misrouted axons can be seen in the medulla (arrowheads). (C) S6k null homozygous larvae show thick axon bundles projecting past the lamina (arrowhead), while S6k pupae (F) display misrouted axons that initially bypass the R7/R8 termination zone (arrowhead). (G, H) Animals doubly mutant for Tor and Tsc1 do not show the severe photoreceptor defects seen when axons are mutant for Tsc1 alone (compare to Figure 5B, F, F′), although mild defects similar to those in Tor mutants are still apparent (arrowhead). (I) S6k-Tsc1 double homozygous mutants display a severe phenotype dissimilar to mutants for either S6k or Tsc1 alone. The scale bar is 25 microns in panel A, 50 microns in panel D. |
PMC1847706_pone-0000375-g006_10281.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | Effects of mutations that downregulate the Tor pathway on photoreceptor axon guidance, and genetic epistasis with Tsc1.Optic lobes from third instar larvae (A–C) and 40h pupae (D–F) stained with MAb24B10. (A) Larvae heteroallelic for a hypomorphic combination of Rheb alleles show abnormal photoreceptor patterning and contain thick axon bundles that extend into the medulla (arrowhead). (D) At the 40 h pupal stage, Rheb mutants display axons that bypass their normal targets in the R7/R8 termination zones (arrowhead). (B) Larvae homozygous for a hypomorphic Tor allele show fairly normal photoreceptor patterning, but at the pupal stage (E) misrouted axons can be seen in the medulla (arrowheads). (C) S6k null homozygous larvae show thick axon bundles projecting past the lamina (arrowhead), while S6k pupae (F) display misrouted axons that initially bypass the R7/R8 termination zone (arrowhead). (G, H) Animals doubly mutant for Tor and Tsc1 do not show the severe photoreceptor defects seen when axons are mutant for Tsc1 alone (compare to Figure 5B, F, F′), although mild defects similar to those in Tor mutants are still apparent (arrowhead). (I) S6k-Tsc1 double homozygous mutants display a severe phenotype dissimilar to mutants for either S6k or Tsc1 alone. The scale bar is 25 microns in panel A, 50 microns in panel D. |
PMC1847803_F5_10292.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | Early expression of cxcr4b. A: expression is first detected in a cluster of placodal cells (arrow) in 19 hpf embryos. B: expression is much enhanced in 20 hpf embryos. C: by 22 hpf the primordium has made contact with the SDF1 trail and elongates into somite 1. D: at about the same time cxcr4 expression is down-regulated in a small cluster of cells near the presumptive trailing edge of the primordium (arrow). |
PMC1847803_F5_10289.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Early expression of cxcr4b. A: expression is first detected in a cluster of placodal cells (arrow) in 19 hpf embryos. B: expression is much enhanced in 20 hpf embryos. C: by 22 hpf the primordium has made contact with the SDF1 trail and elongates into somite 1. D: at about the same time cxcr4 expression is down-regulated in a small cluster of cells near the presumptive trailing edge of the primordium (arrow). |
PMC1847803_F7_10295.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Morphant phenotypes. A: in wild-type 48 hpf embryos, alkaline phosphatase activity is present in the neuromasts, in the trail of interneuromastic cells and more weakly in primII (arrowed). The first neuromast of the dorsal line, D1, is already present at this stage. B: moderate phenotype in cxcr7 morphant embryos: there are fewer neuromasts (in this embryo, 4 instead of 7–8) and they are positioned closer together (see also Fig. 8). C: in about 10% of the cases the primoridum fragments in 2–3 clusters as is normally seen only for the terminal neuromasts at the tip of the tail. D: strong phenotype of a cxcr7 morphant embryo: no migration has taken place and there is a single neuromast, L1, at the level of the first somite. The first neuromast of the dorsal line, D1, has also formed. D1 can be unambiguously identified due to the anisotropy in alkaline phosphatase labeling which is orthogonal to that of the L neuromasts (panel B and [24]). A group of cells that may correspond to either primI or primII (arrowed) is stalled on somite 2. |
PMC1847813_F3_10299.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | Expression and stability of full length and truncated NCOA7 proteins in E. coli. Cells were either induced or not with IPTG. Proteins from induced or uninduced exponential phase cells were labeled with 35 [S] Met and chased, then harvested either immediately, or after 15, or 30 min further incubation as indicated in the figure. The arrows indicate the positions of the full length and truncated (657–942) forms of NCOA7 protein. |
PMC1847820_F2_10301.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | MRI axial T2W image of the pelvis following treatment for sarcoidosis. The left adnexal cyst has resolved. There is a small residual cyst on the right (black arrow). There is marked decrease in the thickening of the mesorectal fascia (white arrow). The lymph nodes appear normal (short white arrows). |
PMC1847829_F1_10302.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | This x-ray shows multiple loops of dilated small bowel. |
PMC1847829_F2_10303.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | Preoperative helical computed tomography transverse scan of the abdomen. This image shows small bowel obstruction as a result of a stricture in the terminal ileum. |
PMC1847829_F3_10306.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | Reconstructed computed tomography coronal scan of the abdomen. This image shows small bowel obstruction as a result of a stricture in the terminal ileum. A postoperative review suggested a Meckel's diverticulum could be described. |
PMC1847830_F2_10308.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | Imaging studies. (a) MRI of pituitary adenoma – T1 weighted sagittal MRI of the pituitary gland after intravenous contrast reveals an enlarged gland that is centrally hypoenhancing, with a rim of relative hyper-enhancement at the superior margin. The longest dimension of the pituitary is approximately 2 cm. (b) Composite of CT images of the left kidney, first visit and one year later- Serial contrast media-enhanced CTs of the abdomen demonstrate an enlarging left renal mass. The initial scan (October 2004) demonstrates a solid enhancing mass (white arrow) measuring approximately 2.6 cm. Follow-up CT approximately one year later shows slight enlargement (3.0 cm) (white arrow). |
PMC1847830_F2_10307.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | Imaging studies. (a) MRI of pituitary adenoma – T1 weighted sagittal MRI of the pituitary gland after intravenous contrast reveals an enlarged gland that is centrally hypoenhancing, with a rim of relative hyper-enhancement at the superior margin. The longest dimension of the pituitary is approximately 2 cm. (b) Composite of CT images of the left kidney, first visit and one year later- Serial contrast media-enhanced CTs of the abdomen demonstrate an enlarging left renal mass. The initial scan (October 2004) demonstrates a solid enhancing mass (white arrow) measuring approximately 2.6 cm. Follow-up CT approximately one year later shows slight enlargement (3.0 cm) (white arrow). |
PMC1847830_F2_10309.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | Imaging studies. (a) MRI of pituitary adenoma – T1 weighted sagittal MRI of the pituitary gland after intravenous contrast reveals an enlarged gland that is centrally hypoenhancing, with a rim of relative hyper-enhancement at the superior margin. The longest dimension of the pituitary is approximately 2 cm. (b) Composite of CT images of the left kidney, first visit and one year later- Serial contrast media-enhanced CTs of the abdomen demonstrate an enlarging left renal mass. The initial scan (October 2004) demonstrates a solid enhancing mass (white arrow) measuring approximately 2.6 cm. Follow-up CT approximately one year later shows slight enlargement (3.0 cm) (white arrow). |
PMC1847834_F5_10312.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | Distribution of phosphorylated myosin RLC (p-squash) in crane-fly spermatocytes. (A) Confocal fluorescence micrograph of p-squash in a control crane-fly spermatocyte at metaphase. P-squash localizes to the spindle, at the poles and, with lower intensities, in the chromosomes. (B) Confocal fluorescence micrograph of p-squash in a crane-fly spermatocyte treated with 50 nM CalA. P-squash concentrates around the chromosomes and at the poles. From the timing and appearance of the cell, this cell is in the stage after the half-bivalents moved backwards and reformed a pseudo-nucleus. (C) Fluorescence micrograph illustrating localisation of p-squash at the kinetochores of the two sex chromosomes, during autosomal anaphase, after CalA treatment. P-squash also localizes at the kinetochores of autosomes. (D) DIC image of the cell illustrated in (C) showing the two sex chromosomes and their kinetochores (asterisks). (E) Fluorescence micrograph illustrating localisation of p-squash in the midbody and in the daughter nuclei during cytokinesis. (F) Fluorescence micrograph illustrating increased staining with antibody against p-squash in the cleavage furrow and in the chromosomes after CalA treatment. Scale bar = 5 μm. |
PMC1847834_F5_10315.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | Distribution of phosphorylated myosin RLC (p-squash) in crane-fly spermatocytes. (A) Confocal fluorescence micrograph of p-squash in a control crane-fly spermatocyte at metaphase. P-squash localizes to the spindle, at the poles and, with lower intensities, in the chromosomes. (B) Confocal fluorescence micrograph of p-squash in a crane-fly spermatocyte treated with 50 nM CalA. P-squash concentrates around the chromosomes and at the poles. From the timing and appearance of the cell, this cell is in the stage after the half-bivalents moved backwards and reformed a pseudo-nucleus. (C) Fluorescence micrograph illustrating localisation of p-squash at the kinetochores of the two sex chromosomes, during autosomal anaphase, after CalA treatment. P-squash also localizes at the kinetochores of autosomes. (D) DIC image of the cell illustrated in (C) showing the two sex chromosomes and their kinetochores (asterisks). (E) Fluorescence micrograph illustrating localisation of p-squash in the midbody and in the daughter nuclei during cytokinesis. (F) Fluorescence micrograph illustrating increased staining with antibody against p-squash in the cleavage furrow and in the chromosomes after CalA treatment. Scale bar = 5 μm. |
PMC1847834_F5_10313.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | Distribution of phosphorylated myosin RLC (p-squash) in crane-fly spermatocytes. (A) Confocal fluorescence micrograph of p-squash in a control crane-fly spermatocyte at metaphase. P-squash localizes to the spindle, at the poles and, with lower intensities, in the chromosomes. (B) Confocal fluorescence micrograph of p-squash in a crane-fly spermatocyte treated with 50 nM CalA. P-squash concentrates around the chromosomes and at the poles. From the timing and appearance of the cell, this cell is in the stage after the half-bivalents moved backwards and reformed a pseudo-nucleus. (C) Fluorescence micrograph illustrating localisation of p-squash at the kinetochores of the two sex chromosomes, during autosomal anaphase, after CalA treatment. P-squash also localizes at the kinetochores of autosomes. (D) DIC image of the cell illustrated in (C) showing the two sex chromosomes and their kinetochores (asterisks). (E) Fluorescence micrograph illustrating localisation of p-squash in the midbody and in the daughter nuclei during cytokinesis. (F) Fluorescence micrograph illustrating increased staining with antibody against p-squash in the cleavage furrow and in the chromosomes after CalA treatment. Scale bar = 5 μm. |
PMC1847834_F5_10314.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | Distribution of phosphorylated myosin RLC (p-squash) in crane-fly spermatocytes. (A) Confocal fluorescence micrograph of p-squash in a control crane-fly spermatocyte at metaphase. P-squash localizes to the spindle, at the poles and, with lower intensities, in the chromosomes. (B) Confocal fluorescence micrograph of p-squash in a crane-fly spermatocyte treated with 50 nM CalA. P-squash concentrates around the chromosomes and at the poles. From the timing and appearance of the cell, this cell is in the stage after the half-bivalents moved backwards and reformed a pseudo-nucleus. (C) Fluorescence micrograph illustrating localisation of p-squash at the kinetochores of the two sex chromosomes, during autosomal anaphase, after CalA treatment. P-squash also localizes at the kinetochores of autosomes. (D) DIC image of the cell illustrated in (C) showing the two sex chromosomes and their kinetochores (asterisks). (E) Fluorescence micrograph illustrating localisation of p-squash in the midbody and in the daughter nuclei during cytokinesis. (F) Fluorescence micrograph illustrating increased staining with antibody against p-squash in the cleavage furrow and in the chromosomes after CalA treatment. Scale bar = 5 μm. |
PMC1848005_F2_10316.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Computed tomographic scan showing two separate lesions one in right orbit and other in right zygoma, zygomatic process of maxilla. |
PMC1849968_pone-0000388-g005_10318.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | Precursor cells from dentate gyrus showed self renewal when plated in very low, so-called “clonal density” or one-per-well, suggestive of the presence of cells with stemness properties. A; Individual neural precursor cells proliferated and gave rise to neurosphere-like colonies. B; Single sphere-like colonies in proliferation conditions contained a mixture of cells at different stages of development and differentiation. Larger clusters showed a differentiated core that lacked nestin expression (Green) but was positive for astrocytic marker GFAP (Blue). Neuronal differentiation as judged by the Doublecortin (Red). In small spheres, Nestin was also found in the center of the agglomerate. C; Upon transfer into differentiation conditions, the cells differentiated into the three neural lineages: neurons (β-III-tubulin, Red), astrocytes (GFAP, Blue), oligodendrocytes (CNPase; Green). D; Under differentiation conditions, single-cell derived sphere-like colonies up-regulated both neuronal and glial genes (RT-PCR for NeuroD and GFAP). |
PMC1849968_pone-0000388-g005_10320.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | Precursor cells from dentate gyrus showed self renewal when plated in very low, so-called “clonal density” or one-per-well, suggestive of the presence of cells with stemness properties. A; Individual neural precursor cells proliferated and gave rise to neurosphere-like colonies. B; Single sphere-like colonies in proliferation conditions contained a mixture of cells at different stages of development and differentiation. Larger clusters showed a differentiated core that lacked nestin expression (Green) but was positive for astrocytic marker GFAP (Blue). Neuronal differentiation as judged by the Doublecortin (Red). In small spheres, Nestin was also found in the center of the agglomerate. C; Upon transfer into differentiation conditions, the cells differentiated into the three neural lineages: neurons (β-III-tubulin, Red), astrocytes (GFAP, Blue), oligodendrocytes (CNPase; Green). D; Under differentiation conditions, single-cell derived sphere-like colonies up-regulated both neuronal and glial genes (RT-PCR for NeuroD and GFAP). |
PMC1849968_pone-0000388-g005_10319.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | Precursor cells from dentate gyrus showed self renewal when plated in very low, so-called “clonal density” or one-per-well, suggestive of the presence of cells with stemness properties. A; Individual neural precursor cells proliferated and gave rise to neurosphere-like colonies. B; Single sphere-like colonies in proliferation conditions contained a mixture of cells at different stages of development and differentiation. Larger clusters showed a differentiated core that lacked nestin expression (Green) but was positive for astrocytic marker GFAP (Blue). Neuronal differentiation as judged by the Doublecortin (Red). In small spheres, Nestin was also found in the center of the agglomerate. C; Upon transfer into differentiation conditions, the cells differentiated into the three neural lineages: neurons (β-III-tubulin, Red), astrocytes (GFAP, Blue), oligodendrocytes (CNPase; Green). D; Under differentiation conditions, single-cell derived sphere-like colonies up-regulated both neuronal and glial genes (RT-PCR for NeuroD and GFAP). |
PMC1851019_F2_10321.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | LSIL-H (with CIN2 & HPV in biopsy): Cervical smear with unequivocal LSIL in other fields. This field shows rare LSIL (a & c) with some groups of cells consistent with ASC-H. The cells have a high N/C ratio with rounder curving cell borders (better seen in 'b'). At 20X (a), the ASC-H cell is difficult to focus because of three dimensional component in liquid based cytology. (a through c- Papanicolaou stained SurePathTM preps) |
PMC1851019_F2_10322.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | LSIL-H (with CIN2 & HPV in biopsy): Cervical smear with unequivocal LSIL in other fields. This field shows rare LSIL (a & c) with some groups of cells consistent with ASC-H. The cells have a high N/C ratio with rounder curving cell borders (better seen in 'b'). At 20X (a), the ASC-H cell is difficult to focus because of three dimensional component in liquid based cytology. (a through c- Papanicolaou stained SurePathTM preps) |
PMC1851380_F4_10329.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | PMA stimulation prior to urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) incubation mediates increased plasminogen (plg) binding at the MCF-7 cell surface. Confocal microscopy images of control and PMA-stimulated (100 nM, 16 hours) MCF-7 cells both incubated with 50 nM uPA for 10 minutes at room temperature, washed, and probed for annexin II (AnnII), uPA, and Glu-plg binding. Areas of co-localisation of annexin II, uPA, and Glu-plg are shown in white in the merged image. Arrows indicate areas of concentrated expression. Inset shows non-lysine-dependent plg binding (that is, plg binding in the presence of 5 mM tranexamic acid). Glu, glutamic acid; PAS, plasminogen activation system; PMA, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate. |
PMC1851380_F4_10326.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | PMA stimulation prior to urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) incubation mediates increased plasminogen (plg) binding at the MCF-7 cell surface. Confocal microscopy images of control and PMA-stimulated (100 nM, 16 hours) MCF-7 cells both incubated with 50 nM uPA for 10 minutes at room temperature, washed, and probed for annexin II (AnnII), uPA, and Glu-plg binding. Areas of co-localisation of annexin II, uPA, and Glu-plg are shown in white in the merged image. Arrows indicate areas of concentrated expression. Inset shows non-lysine-dependent plg binding (that is, plg binding in the presence of 5 mM tranexamic acid). Glu, glutamic acid; PAS, plasminogen activation system; PMA, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate. |
PMC1851380_F4_10324.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | PMA stimulation prior to urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) incubation mediates increased plasminogen (plg) binding at the MCF-7 cell surface. Confocal microscopy images of control and PMA-stimulated (100 nM, 16 hours) MCF-7 cells both incubated with 50 nM uPA for 10 minutes at room temperature, washed, and probed for annexin II (AnnII), uPA, and Glu-plg binding. Areas of co-localisation of annexin II, uPA, and Glu-plg are shown in white in the merged image. Arrows indicate areas of concentrated expression. Inset shows non-lysine-dependent plg binding (that is, plg binding in the presence of 5 mM tranexamic acid). Glu, glutamic acid; PAS, plasminogen activation system; PMA, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate. |
PMC1851380_F4_10325.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | PMA stimulation prior to urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) incubation mediates increased plasminogen (plg) binding at the MCF-7 cell surface. Confocal microscopy images of control and PMA-stimulated (100 nM, 16 hours) MCF-7 cells both incubated with 50 nM uPA for 10 minutes at room temperature, washed, and probed for annexin II (AnnII), uPA, and Glu-plg binding. Areas of co-localisation of annexin II, uPA, and Glu-plg are shown in white in the merged image. Arrows indicate areas of concentrated expression. Inset shows non-lysine-dependent plg binding (that is, plg binding in the presence of 5 mM tranexamic acid). Glu, glutamic acid; PAS, plasminogen activation system; PMA, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate. |
PMC1851381_F7_10333.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | The effect of fibroblast-conditioned media on PMC42-LA organoid morphology in three-dimensional cultures. CAF-conditioned medium was added to or below PMC42-LA filter cultures, and the cultures analysed for changes in organoid morphology possibly representative of increased invasiveness. Controls had no fibroblast conditioned-medium. (a,b) In control cultures, organoids appeared spherical with little, if any, single cells present. (c,d) With CAF-conditioned media on the filter/culture, organoids remained predominantly spherical, with some budding edges and the presence of single cells and clusters of single cells. (e,f) With CAF-conditioned medium below the filter/culture, organoids appeared less spherical, with uneven budding edges and many single cells and clusters of single cells. CAF, cancer-associated fibroblast. |
PMC1851381_F7_10332.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | The effect of fibroblast-conditioned media on PMC42-LA organoid morphology in three-dimensional cultures. CAF-conditioned medium was added to or below PMC42-LA filter cultures, and the cultures analysed for changes in organoid morphology possibly representative of increased invasiveness. Controls had no fibroblast conditioned-medium. (a,b) In control cultures, organoids appeared spherical with little, if any, single cells present. (c,d) With CAF-conditioned media on the filter/culture, organoids remained predominantly spherical, with some budding edges and the presence of single cells and clusters of single cells. (e,f) With CAF-conditioned medium below the filter/culture, organoids appeared less spherical, with uneven budding edges and many single cells and clusters of single cells. CAF, cancer-associated fibroblast. |
PMC1851381_F7_10336.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | The effect of fibroblast-conditioned media on PMC42-LA organoid morphology in three-dimensional cultures. CAF-conditioned medium was added to or below PMC42-LA filter cultures, and the cultures analysed for changes in organoid morphology possibly representative of increased invasiveness. Controls had no fibroblast conditioned-medium. (a,b) In control cultures, organoids appeared spherical with little, if any, single cells present. (c,d) With CAF-conditioned media on the filter/culture, organoids remained predominantly spherical, with some budding edges and the presence of single cells and clusters of single cells. (e,f) With CAF-conditioned medium below the filter/culture, organoids appeared less spherical, with uneven budding edges and many single cells and clusters of single cells. CAF, cancer-associated fibroblast. |
PMC1851381_F7_10334.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | The effect of fibroblast-conditioned media on PMC42-LA organoid morphology in three-dimensional cultures. CAF-conditioned medium was added to or below PMC42-LA filter cultures, and the cultures analysed for changes in organoid morphology possibly representative of increased invasiveness. Controls had no fibroblast conditioned-medium. (a,b) In control cultures, organoids appeared spherical with little, if any, single cells present. (c,d) With CAF-conditioned media on the filter/culture, organoids remained predominantly spherical, with some budding edges and the presence of single cells and clusters of single cells. (e,f) With CAF-conditioned medium below the filter/culture, organoids appeared less spherical, with uneven budding edges and many single cells and clusters of single cells. CAF, cancer-associated fibroblast. |
PMC1851383_F3_10338.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | Representative immunohistochemical staining patterns for E-cad, c-met, and Sdc1 in DCIS. Examples for presence (positive) and absence (negative) of marker expression are shown. DCIS, ductal carcinoma in situ; E-cad, E-cadherin; Sdc, syndecan. |
PMC1851383_F3_10342.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | Representative immunohistochemical staining patterns for E-cad, c-met, and Sdc1 in DCIS. Examples for presence (positive) and absence (negative) of marker expression are shown. DCIS, ductal carcinoma in situ; E-cad, E-cadherin; Sdc, syndecan. |
PMC1851383_F3_10343.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Representative immunohistochemical staining patterns for E-cad, c-met, and Sdc1 in DCIS. Examples for presence (positive) and absence (negative) of marker expression are shown. DCIS, ductal carcinoma in situ; E-cad, E-cadherin; Sdc, syndecan. |
PMC1851383_F3_10341.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | Representative immunohistochemical staining patterns for E-cad, c-met, and Sdc1 in DCIS. Examples for presence (positive) and absence (negative) of marker expression are shown. DCIS, ductal carcinoma in situ; E-cad, E-cadherin; Sdc, syndecan. |
PMC1851383_F3_10339.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | Representative immunohistochemical staining patterns for E-cad, c-met, and Sdc1 in DCIS. Examples for presence (positive) and absence (negative) of marker expression are shown. DCIS, ductal carcinoma in situ; E-cad, E-cadherin; Sdc, syndecan. |
PMC1851700_F1_10347.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Section of the tree sample that was used for magnetic measurements and tree ring density. Blue numbers indicate a year (AD) when the tree ring was created. Blue dots (pinpricks) help orientation in respect to individual tree ring ages. Each one dot is the 10th year, two vertical dots are the 50th year, three vertical dots are 100th year, and four vertical dots are the 1000th year. |
PMC1851700_F1_10346.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | Section of the tree sample that was used for magnetic measurements and tree ring density. Blue numbers indicate a year (AD) when the tree ring was created. Blue dots (pinpricks) help orientation in respect to individual tree ring ages. Each one dot is the 10th year, two vertical dots are the 50th year, three vertical dots are 100th year, and four vertical dots are the 1000th year. |
PMC1851700_F1_10345.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Section of the tree sample that was used for magnetic measurements and tree ring density. Blue numbers indicate a year (AD) when the tree ring was created. Blue dots (pinpricks) help orientation in respect to individual tree ring ages. Each one dot is the 10th year, two vertical dots are the 50th year, three vertical dots are 100th year, and four vertical dots are the 1000th year. |
PMC1851700_F1_10348.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Section of the tree sample that was used for magnetic measurements and tree ring density. Blue numbers indicate a year (AD) when the tree ring was created. Blue dots (pinpricks) help orientation in respect to individual tree ring ages. Each one dot is the 10th year, two vertical dots are the 50th year, three vertical dots are 100th year, and four vertical dots are the 1000th year. |
PMC1851702_F6_10351.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Detection of HBV antigens in mouse heart tissues. Two weeks after cell transplantation, hearts were harvested, immunostained with anti-HBcAg (A, C, and E) and anti-HBsAg (B and D). Myocardial interstitium (A-D) and intra-myocardial capillaries (E) in the peri-infarct area were shown. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of heart tissue after 2 weeks MI-induction revealed a clear infract area (F). Magnification for panels B and D, × 800; for panels A, C and E, × 400; and for panel F, × 40. In addition, hearts were double immunostained with HBcAg (G and I) and human HLA-ABC (H and J) 3 weeks after cell transplantation as described in "Materials and Methods". Intra-myocardial capillaries in the peri-infarct area were shown. Magnification × 400. Mice transplantated either with mock-treated EPCs (A, B, G, and H) or with HBV-treated EPCs (C-E, I and J) were indicated. Results are representative of at least three independent experiments. |
PMC1851702_F6_10355.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | Detection of HBV antigens in mouse heart tissues. Two weeks after cell transplantation, hearts were harvested, immunostained with anti-HBcAg (A, C, and E) and anti-HBsAg (B and D). Myocardial interstitium (A-D) and intra-myocardial capillaries (E) in the peri-infarct area were shown. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of heart tissue after 2 weeks MI-induction revealed a clear infract area (F). Magnification for panels B and D, × 800; for panels A, C and E, × 400; and for panel F, × 40. In addition, hearts were double immunostained with HBcAg (G and I) and human HLA-ABC (H and J) 3 weeks after cell transplantation as described in "Materials and Methods". Intra-myocardial capillaries in the peri-infarct area were shown. Magnification × 400. Mice transplantated either with mock-treated EPCs (A, B, G, and H) or with HBV-treated EPCs (C-E, I and J) were indicated. Results are representative of at least three independent experiments. |
PMC1851702_F6_10350.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | Detection of HBV antigens in mouse heart tissues. Two weeks after cell transplantation, hearts were harvested, immunostained with anti-HBcAg (A, C, and E) and anti-HBsAg (B and D). Myocardial interstitium (A-D) and intra-myocardial capillaries (E) in the peri-infarct area were shown. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of heart tissue after 2 weeks MI-induction revealed a clear infract area (F). Magnification for panels B and D, × 800; for panels A, C and E, × 400; and for panel F, × 40. In addition, hearts were double immunostained with HBcAg (G and I) and human HLA-ABC (H and J) 3 weeks after cell transplantation as described in "Materials and Methods". Intra-myocardial capillaries in the peri-infarct area were shown. Magnification × 400. Mice transplantated either with mock-treated EPCs (A, B, G, and H) or with HBV-treated EPCs (C-E, I and J) were indicated. Results are representative of at least three independent experiments. |
PMC1851702_F6_10354.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | Detection of HBV antigens in mouse heart tissues. Two weeks after cell transplantation, hearts were harvested, immunostained with anti-HBcAg (A, C, and E) and anti-HBsAg (B and D). Myocardial interstitium (A-D) and intra-myocardial capillaries (E) in the peri-infarct area were shown. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of heart tissue after 2 weeks MI-induction revealed a clear infract area (F). Magnification for panels B and D, × 800; for panels A, C and E, × 400; and for panel F, × 40. In addition, hearts were double immunostained with HBcAg (G and I) and human HLA-ABC (H and J) 3 weeks after cell transplantation as described in "Materials and Methods". Intra-myocardial capillaries in the peri-infarct area were shown. Magnification × 400. Mice transplantated either with mock-treated EPCs (A, B, G, and H) or with HBV-treated EPCs (C-E, I and J) were indicated. Results are representative of at least three independent experiments. |
PMC1851714_F5_10360.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | Multiphoton Laser Scanning Microscopy (MPLSM) was performed on hematoxylin and eosin sections in order to evaluate the organization and structure of the collagen matrix in more detail then allowed by conventional brightfield light microscopy. The longitudinal axis of the ligament is from the top to bottom of each image. Tissues from sham control animals have the characteristic crimp pattern associated with normal tissue (Sham). Scar tissue from ambulatory healing animals (Amb + Sal) revealed typical scar morphology with matrix disorganization while hindlimb unloaded animals (HU + Sal) showed good fiber aggregation but possessed abnormal scar formation with misaligned collagen fibers not directed along the longitudinal axis of the tissue creating voids and defects by not connecting. Assessment of collagen matrices from GH treated animals revealed no improvement in matrix organization in tissues from ambulatory (Amb + GH) or hindlimb unloaded (HU + GH) animals. Examination of collagen structure in animals treated with IGF-I supported data shown in Fig. 4 revealing greatly increased matrix density and considerably improved matrix alignment in tissues from ambulatory (Amb + IGF) and hindlimb unloaded (HU + IGF) animals. Animals treated with GH+IGF showed no significant improvement in ambulatory tissues (Amb + GH + IGF) but unloaded tissues (HU + GH + IGF) showed substantially increased matrix density and alignment. |
PMC1851714_F5_10359.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Multiphoton Laser Scanning Microscopy (MPLSM) was performed on hematoxylin and eosin sections in order to evaluate the organization and structure of the collagen matrix in more detail then allowed by conventional brightfield light microscopy. The longitudinal axis of the ligament is from the top to bottom of each image. Tissues from sham control animals have the characteristic crimp pattern associated with normal tissue (Sham). Scar tissue from ambulatory healing animals (Amb + Sal) revealed typical scar morphology with matrix disorganization while hindlimb unloaded animals (HU + Sal) showed good fiber aggregation but possessed abnormal scar formation with misaligned collagen fibers not directed along the longitudinal axis of the tissue creating voids and defects by not connecting. Assessment of collagen matrices from GH treated animals revealed no improvement in matrix organization in tissues from ambulatory (Amb + GH) or hindlimb unloaded (HU + GH) animals. Examination of collagen structure in animals treated with IGF-I supported data shown in Fig. 4 revealing greatly increased matrix density and considerably improved matrix alignment in tissues from ambulatory (Amb + IGF) and hindlimb unloaded (HU + IGF) animals. Animals treated with GH+IGF showed no significant improvement in ambulatory tissues (Amb + GH + IGF) but unloaded tissues (HU + GH + IGF) showed substantially increased matrix density and alignment. |
PMC1851714_F5_10358.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | Multiphoton Laser Scanning Microscopy (MPLSM) was performed on hematoxylin and eosin sections in order to evaluate the organization and structure of the collagen matrix in more detail then allowed by conventional brightfield light microscopy. The longitudinal axis of the ligament is from the top to bottom of each image. Tissues from sham control animals have the characteristic crimp pattern associated with normal tissue (Sham). Scar tissue from ambulatory healing animals (Amb + Sal) revealed typical scar morphology with matrix disorganization while hindlimb unloaded animals (HU + Sal) showed good fiber aggregation but possessed abnormal scar formation with misaligned collagen fibers not directed along the longitudinal axis of the tissue creating voids and defects by not connecting. Assessment of collagen matrices from GH treated animals revealed no improvement in matrix organization in tissues from ambulatory (Amb + GH) or hindlimb unloaded (HU + GH) animals. Examination of collagen structure in animals treated with IGF-I supported data shown in Fig. 4 revealing greatly increased matrix density and considerably improved matrix alignment in tissues from ambulatory (Amb + IGF) and hindlimb unloaded (HU + IGF) animals. Animals treated with GH+IGF showed no significant improvement in ambulatory tissues (Amb + GH + IGF) but unloaded tissues (HU + GH + IGF) showed substantially increased matrix density and alignment. |
PMC1851714_F5_10365.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Multiphoton Laser Scanning Microscopy (MPLSM) was performed on hematoxylin and eosin sections in order to evaluate the organization and structure of the collagen matrix in more detail then allowed by conventional brightfield light microscopy. The longitudinal axis of the ligament is from the top to bottom of each image. Tissues from sham control animals have the characteristic crimp pattern associated with normal tissue (Sham). Scar tissue from ambulatory healing animals (Amb + Sal) revealed typical scar morphology with matrix disorganization while hindlimb unloaded animals (HU + Sal) showed good fiber aggregation but possessed abnormal scar formation with misaligned collagen fibers not directed along the longitudinal axis of the tissue creating voids and defects by not connecting. Assessment of collagen matrices from GH treated animals revealed no improvement in matrix organization in tissues from ambulatory (Amb + GH) or hindlimb unloaded (HU + GH) animals. Examination of collagen structure in animals treated with IGF-I supported data shown in Fig. 4 revealing greatly increased matrix density and considerably improved matrix alignment in tissues from ambulatory (Amb + IGF) and hindlimb unloaded (HU + IGF) animals. Animals treated with GH+IGF showed no significant improvement in ambulatory tissues (Amb + GH + IGF) but unloaded tissues (HU + GH + IGF) showed substantially increased matrix density and alignment. |
PMC1851714_F5_10363.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Multiphoton Laser Scanning Microscopy (MPLSM) was performed on hematoxylin and eosin sections in order to evaluate the organization and structure of the collagen matrix in more detail then allowed by conventional brightfield light microscopy. The longitudinal axis of the ligament is from the top to bottom of each image. Tissues from sham control animals have the characteristic crimp pattern associated with normal tissue (Sham). Scar tissue from ambulatory healing animals (Amb + Sal) revealed typical scar morphology with matrix disorganization while hindlimb unloaded animals (HU + Sal) showed good fiber aggregation but possessed abnormal scar formation with misaligned collagen fibers not directed along the longitudinal axis of the tissue creating voids and defects by not connecting. Assessment of collagen matrices from GH treated animals revealed no improvement in matrix organization in tissues from ambulatory (Amb + GH) or hindlimb unloaded (HU + GH) animals. Examination of collagen structure in animals treated with IGF-I supported data shown in Fig. 4 revealing greatly increased matrix density and considerably improved matrix alignment in tissues from ambulatory (Amb + IGF) and hindlimb unloaded (HU + IGF) animals. Animals treated with GH+IGF showed no significant improvement in ambulatory tissues (Amb + GH + IGF) but unloaded tissues (HU + GH + IGF) showed substantially increased matrix density and alignment. |
PMC1851714_F5_10362.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Multiphoton Laser Scanning Microscopy (MPLSM) was performed on hematoxylin and eosin sections in order to evaluate the organization and structure of the collagen matrix in more detail then allowed by conventional brightfield light microscopy. The longitudinal axis of the ligament is from the top to bottom of each image. Tissues from sham control animals have the characteristic crimp pattern associated with normal tissue (Sham). Scar tissue from ambulatory healing animals (Amb + Sal) revealed typical scar morphology with matrix disorganization while hindlimb unloaded animals (HU + Sal) showed good fiber aggregation but possessed abnormal scar formation with misaligned collagen fibers not directed along the longitudinal axis of the tissue creating voids and defects by not connecting. Assessment of collagen matrices from GH treated animals revealed no improvement in matrix organization in tissues from ambulatory (Amb + GH) or hindlimb unloaded (HU + GH) animals. Examination of collagen structure in animals treated with IGF-I supported data shown in Fig. 4 revealing greatly increased matrix density and considerably improved matrix alignment in tissues from ambulatory (Amb + IGF) and hindlimb unloaded (HU + IGF) animals. Animals treated with GH+IGF showed no significant improvement in ambulatory tissues (Amb + GH + IGF) but unloaded tissues (HU + GH + IGF) showed substantially increased matrix density and alignment. |
PMC1851714_F5_10361.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Multiphoton Laser Scanning Microscopy (MPLSM) was performed on hematoxylin and eosin sections in order to evaluate the organization and structure of the collagen matrix in more detail then allowed by conventional brightfield light microscopy. The longitudinal axis of the ligament is from the top to bottom of each image. Tissues from sham control animals have the characteristic crimp pattern associated with normal tissue (Sham). Scar tissue from ambulatory healing animals (Amb + Sal) revealed typical scar morphology with matrix disorganization while hindlimb unloaded animals (HU + Sal) showed good fiber aggregation but possessed abnormal scar formation with misaligned collagen fibers not directed along the longitudinal axis of the tissue creating voids and defects by not connecting. Assessment of collagen matrices from GH treated animals revealed no improvement in matrix organization in tissues from ambulatory (Amb + GH) or hindlimb unloaded (HU + GH) animals. Examination of collagen structure in animals treated with IGF-I supported data shown in Fig. 4 revealing greatly increased matrix density and considerably improved matrix alignment in tissues from ambulatory (Amb + IGF) and hindlimb unloaded (HU + IGF) animals. Animals treated with GH+IGF showed no significant improvement in ambulatory tissues (Amb + GH + IGF) but unloaded tissues (HU + GH + IGF) showed substantially increased matrix density and alignment. |
PMC1851714_F5_10357.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | Multiphoton Laser Scanning Microscopy (MPLSM) was performed on hematoxylin and eosin sections in order to evaluate the organization and structure of the collagen matrix in more detail then allowed by conventional brightfield light microscopy. The longitudinal axis of the ligament is from the top to bottom of each image. Tissues from sham control animals have the characteristic crimp pattern associated with normal tissue (Sham). Scar tissue from ambulatory healing animals (Amb + Sal) revealed typical scar morphology with matrix disorganization while hindlimb unloaded animals (HU + Sal) showed good fiber aggregation but possessed abnormal scar formation with misaligned collagen fibers not directed along the longitudinal axis of the tissue creating voids and defects by not connecting. Assessment of collagen matrices from GH treated animals revealed no improvement in matrix organization in tissues from ambulatory (Amb + GH) or hindlimb unloaded (HU + GH) animals. Examination of collagen structure in animals treated with IGF-I supported data shown in Fig. 4 revealing greatly increased matrix density and considerably improved matrix alignment in tissues from ambulatory (Amb + IGF) and hindlimb unloaded (HU + IGF) animals. Animals treated with GH+IGF showed no significant improvement in ambulatory tissues (Amb + GH + IGF) but unloaded tissues (HU + GH + IGF) showed substantially increased matrix density and alignment. |
PMC1851964_F1_10375.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | MRI of the left thigh, sequence T1-weighted: a) precontrast image: "ovular mass in the adductor magnus muscle, with a cystic aspect, dimensions 13 × 8 cm containing numerous cystic formations with regular outlines; b) after contrast image: "the lesion appears surrounded by a thin wall homogeneously impregnated after the injection of paramagnetic contrast medium while there is no contrastographic enhancement of the content of the lesion". |
PMC1851964_F1_10373.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | MRI of the left thigh, sequence T1-weighted: a) precontrast image: "ovular mass in the adductor magnus muscle, with a cystic aspect, dimensions 13 × 8 cm containing numerous cystic formations with regular outlines; b) after contrast image: "the lesion appears surrounded by a thin wall homogeneously impregnated after the injection of paramagnetic contrast medium while there is no contrastographic enhancement of the content of the lesion". |
PMC1851964_F1_10374.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | MRI of the left thigh, sequence T1-weighted: a) precontrast image: "ovular mass in the adductor magnus muscle, with a cystic aspect, dimensions 13 × 8 cm containing numerous cystic formations with regular outlines; b) after contrast image: "the lesion appears surrounded by a thin wall homogeneously impregnated after the injection of paramagnetic contrast medium while there is no contrastographic enhancement of the content of the lesion". |
PMC1851964_F1_10371.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | MRI of the left thigh, sequence T1-weighted: a) precontrast image: "ovular mass in the adductor magnus muscle, with a cystic aspect, dimensions 13 × 8 cm containing numerous cystic formations with regular outlines; b) after contrast image: "the lesion appears surrounded by a thin wall homogeneously impregnated after the injection of paramagnetic contrast medium while there is no contrastographic enhancement of the content of the lesion". |
PMC1851966_F1_10368.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | A: Flush aortogram showing pseudoaneurysms in the coeliac artery territory. B: Selective hepatic artery angiogram showing two small pseudoaneurysms (arrow) in relation to the cystic artery. |
PMC1851966_F1_10367.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | A: Flush aortogram showing pseudoaneurysms in the coeliac artery territory. B: Selective hepatic artery angiogram showing two small pseudoaneurysms (arrow) in relation to the cystic artery. |
PMC1851968_F1_10369.jpg | What is shown in this image? | CT scan of patient showing duodenal GIST. |
PMC1851986_pone-0000395-g004_10378.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | The images of MGs in the trophocytes obtained by confocal microscope. (A) MGs (arrowhead) appear as tiny black particles under low magnification in the live trophocytes. Arrow indicates oil body. Scale bar, 8 µm. (B) MGs (arrowhead) appear as black granules under high magnification in the live trophocytes. The images of MGs are obtained without the application of 1 Gauss magnetic field. Arrow indicates oil body. Inset shows a magnified MG. Scale bar, 1 µm. (C) The same images obtained by the application of 1 Gauss magnetic field in the live trophocytes. White arrow indicates the direction of magnetic field. Arrowhead indicates MGs. Arrow indicates oil body. Inset shows a magnified MG. Scale bar, 1 µm. (D) MGs (arrowhead) appear as tiny black particles under low magnification in the dead trophocytes. Scale bar, 8 µm. (E) MGs (arrowhead) appear as black granules under high magnification in the dead trophocytes. The images of MGs are obtained without the application of 1 Gauss magnetic field. Inset shows a magnified MG. Scale bar, 1 µm. (F) The same images obtained by the application of 1 Gauss magnetic field in the dead trophocytes. Arrowhead indicates MGs. White arrow indicates the direction of magnetic field. Inset shows a magnified MG. Scale bar, 1 µm. |
PMC1851986_pone-0000395-g004_10381.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | The images of MGs in the trophocytes obtained by confocal microscope. (A) MGs (arrowhead) appear as tiny black particles under low magnification in the live trophocytes. Arrow indicates oil body. Scale bar, 8 µm. (B) MGs (arrowhead) appear as black granules under high magnification in the live trophocytes. The images of MGs are obtained without the application of 1 Gauss magnetic field. Arrow indicates oil body. Inset shows a magnified MG. Scale bar, 1 µm. (C) The same images obtained by the application of 1 Gauss magnetic field in the live trophocytes. White arrow indicates the direction of magnetic field. Arrowhead indicates MGs. Arrow indicates oil body. Inset shows a magnified MG. Scale bar, 1 µm. (D) MGs (arrowhead) appear as tiny black particles under low magnification in the dead trophocytes. Scale bar, 8 µm. (E) MGs (arrowhead) appear as black granules under high magnification in the dead trophocytes. The images of MGs are obtained without the application of 1 Gauss magnetic field. Inset shows a magnified MG. Scale bar, 1 µm. (F) The same images obtained by the application of 1 Gauss magnetic field in the dead trophocytes. Arrowhead indicates MGs. White arrow indicates the direction of magnetic field. Inset shows a magnified MG. Scale bar, 1 µm. |
PMC1851986_pone-0000395-g004_10380.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | The images of MGs in the trophocytes obtained by confocal microscope. (A) MGs (arrowhead) appear as tiny black particles under low magnification in the live trophocytes. Arrow indicates oil body. Scale bar, 8 µm. (B) MGs (arrowhead) appear as black granules under high magnification in the live trophocytes. The images of MGs are obtained without the application of 1 Gauss magnetic field. Arrow indicates oil body. Inset shows a magnified MG. Scale bar, 1 µm. (C) The same images obtained by the application of 1 Gauss magnetic field in the live trophocytes. White arrow indicates the direction of magnetic field. Arrowhead indicates MGs. Arrow indicates oil body. Inset shows a magnified MG. Scale bar, 1 µm. (D) MGs (arrowhead) appear as tiny black particles under low magnification in the dead trophocytes. Scale bar, 8 µm. (E) MGs (arrowhead) appear as black granules under high magnification in the dead trophocytes. The images of MGs are obtained without the application of 1 Gauss magnetic field. Inset shows a magnified MG. Scale bar, 1 µm. (F) The same images obtained by the application of 1 Gauss magnetic field in the dead trophocytes. Arrowhead indicates MGs. White arrow indicates the direction of magnetic field. Inset shows a magnified MG. Scale bar, 1 µm. |
PMC1851986_pone-0000395-g004_10379.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | The images of MGs in the trophocytes obtained by confocal microscope. (A) MGs (arrowhead) appear as tiny black particles under low magnification in the live trophocytes. Arrow indicates oil body. Scale bar, 8 µm. (B) MGs (arrowhead) appear as black granules under high magnification in the live trophocytes. The images of MGs are obtained without the application of 1 Gauss magnetic field. Arrow indicates oil body. Inset shows a magnified MG. Scale bar, 1 µm. (C) The same images obtained by the application of 1 Gauss magnetic field in the live trophocytes. White arrow indicates the direction of magnetic field. Arrowhead indicates MGs. Arrow indicates oil body. Inset shows a magnified MG. Scale bar, 1 µm. (D) MGs (arrowhead) appear as tiny black particles under low magnification in the dead trophocytes. Scale bar, 8 µm. (E) MGs (arrowhead) appear as black granules under high magnification in the dead trophocytes. The images of MGs are obtained without the application of 1 Gauss magnetic field. Inset shows a magnified MG. Scale bar, 1 µm. (F) The same images obtained by the application of 1 Gauss magnetic field in the dead trophocytes. Arrowhead indicates MGs. White arrow indicates the direction of magnetic field. Inset shows a magnified MG. Scale bar, 1 µm. |
PMC1851986_pone-0000395-g004_10377.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | The images of MGs in the trophocytes obtained by confocal microscope. (A) MGs (arrowhead) appear as tiny black particles under low magnification in the live trophocytes. Arrow indicates oil body. Scale bar, 8 µm. (B) MGs (arrowhead) appear as black granules under high magnification in the live trophocytes. The images of MGs are obtained without the application of 1 Gauss magnetic field. Arrow indicates oil body. Inset shows a magnified MG. Scale bar, 1 µm. (C) The same images obtained by the application of 1 Gauss magnetic field in the live trophocytes. White arrow indicates the direction of magnetic field. Arrowhead indicates MGs. Arrow indicates oil body. Inset shows a magnified MG. Scale bar, 1 µm. (D) MGs (arrowhead) appear as tiny black particles under low magnification in the dead trophocytes. Scale bar, 8 µm. (E) MGs (arrowhead) appear as black granules under high magnification in the dead trophocytes. The images of MGs are obtained without the application of 1 Gauss magnetic field. Inset shows a magnified MG. Scale bar, 1 µm. (F) The same images obtained by the application of 1 Gauss magnetic field in the dead trophocytes. Arrowhead indicates MGs. White arrow indicates the direction of magnetic field. Inset shows a magnified MG. Scale bar, 1 µm. |
PMC1851986_pone-0000395-g005_10383.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | The images of increase of [Ca+2]i in the live trophocytes obtained by confocal microscope. (A) The image of trophocytes and fat cells under confocal microscope. Trophocytes (arrowhead). Fat cells (arrow). Scale bar, 40 µm. (B) The image of trophocytes and fat cells labeled fluo 4 under confocal microscope. Trophocytes (arrowhead). Fat cells (arrow). Scale bar, 40 µm. (C) The merge of Figure A and Figure B. Scale bar, 40 µm. (D) The fluorescence intensity of trophocytes (○), fat cells (Δ), and trophocytes and fat cells together (□) with 1 Gauss magnetic field. The fluorescence intensity of trophocytes (•), fat cells (▴) and trophocytes and fat cells together (▪) without 1 Gauss magnetic field as control. (E) The fluorescence intensity of trophocytes (○), fat cells (Δ), and trophocytes and fat cells together (□), which is inhibited by colchicine and with 1 Gauss magnetic field. The fluorescence intensity of trophocytes (•), fat cells (▴) and trophocytes and fat cells together (▪), which is inhibited by colchicine without 1 Gauss magnetic field as control. (F) The fluorescence intensity of trophocytes (○), fat cells (Δ), and trophocytes and fat cells together (□), which is inhibited by latrunculin B and with 1 Gauss magnetic field. The fluorescence intensity of trophocytes (•), fat cells (▴) and trophocytes and fat cells together (▪), which is inhibited by latrunculin B without 1 Gauss magnetic field as control. |
PMC1851986_pone-0000395-g005_10385.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | The images of increase of [Ca+2]i in the live trophocytes obtained by confocal microscope. (A) The image of trophocytes and fat cells under confocal microscope. Trophocytes (arrowhead). Fat cells (arrow). Scale bar, 40 µm. (B) The image of trophocytes and fat cells labeled fluo 4 under confocal microscope. Trophocytes (arrowhead). Fat cells (arrow). Scale bar, 40 µm. (C) The merge of Figure A and Figure B. Scale bar, 40 µm. (D) The fluorescence intensity of trophocytes (○), fat cells (Δ), and trophocytes and fat cells together (□) with 1 Gauss magnetic field. The fluorescence intensity of trophocytes (•), fat cells (▴) and trophocytes and fat cells together (▪) without 1 Gauss magnetic field as control. (E) The fluorescence intensity of trophocytes (○), fat cells (Δ), and trophocytes and fat cells together (□), which is inhibited by colchicine and with 1 Gauss magnetic field. The fluorescence intensity of trophocytes (•), fat cells (▴) and trophocytes and fat cells together (▪), which is inhibited by colchicine without 1 Gauss magnetic field as control. (F) The fluorescence intensity of trophocytes (○), fat cells (Δ), and trophocytes and fat cells together (□), which is inhibited by latrunculin B and with 1 Gauss magnetic field. The fluorescence intensity of trophocytes (•), fat cells (▴) and trophocytes and fat cells together (▪), which is inhibited by latrunculin B without 1 Gauss magnetic field as control. |
PMC1851986_pone-0000395-g005_10382.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | The images of increase of [Ca+2]i in the live trophocytes obtained by confocal microscope. (A) The image of trophocytes and fat cells under confocal microscope. Trophocytes (arrowhead). Fat cells (arrow). Scale bar, 40 µm. (B) The image of trophocytes and fat cells labeled fluo 4 under confocal microscope. Trophocytes (arrowhead). Fat cells (arrow). Scale bar, 40 µm. (C) The merge of Figure A and Figure B. Scale bar, 40 µm. (D) The fluorescence intensity of trophocytes (○), fat cells (Δ), and trophocytes and fat cells together (□) with 1 Gauss magnetic field. The fluorescence intensity of trophocytes (•), fat cells (▴) and trophocytes and fat cells together (▪) without 1 Gauss magnetic field as control. (E) The fluorescence intensity of trophocytes (○), fat cells (Δ), and trophocytes and fat cells together (□), which is inhibited by colchicine and with 1 Gauss magnetic field. The fluorescence intensity of trophocytes (•), fat cells (▴) and trophocytes and fat cells together (▪), which is inhibited by colchicine without 1 Gauss magnetic field as control. (F) The fluorescence intensity of trophocytes (○), fat cells (Δ), and trophocytes and fat cells together (□), which is inhibited by latrunculin B and with 1 Gauss magnetic field. The fluorescence intensity of trophocytes (•), fat cells (▴) and trophocytes and fat cells together (▪), which is inhibited by latrunculin B without 1 Gauss magnetic field as control. |
PMC1852095_F1_10388.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | A) CT scan demonstrating pneumomediastinum. B) CT scan of abdomen demonstrating free intra-peritoneal air. |
PMC1852107_F2_10390.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | MRI brain showed left thalamic postoperative recurrent cystic pilocytic astrocytoma (solid and cystic part), before Gamma Knife surgery. |
PMC1852107_F2_10391.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | MRI brain showed left thalamic postoperative recurrent cystic pilocytic astrocytoma (solid and cystic part), before Gamma Knife surgery. |
PMC1852107_F3_10393.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | MRI brain follow-up after 30 months of Gamma Knife surgery of left thalamic recurrent pilocytic astrocytoma with marked reduction of the lesion size. |
PMC1852107_F4_10395.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Stereotactic MRI brain showed recurrent postoperative brain stem cystic pilocytic astrocytoma. |
PMC1852107_F4_10394.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Stereotactic MRI brain showed recurrent postoperative brain stem cystic pilocytic astrocytoma. |
PMC1852107_F6_10397.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | MRI brain, 22 months post gamma knife surgery for brain stem recurrent cystic pilocytic astrocytoma showed marked reduction of the tmuor size. |
PMC1852111_F1_10400.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | Hematoxilin and eosin-stained sections showing solid sheets of squamous cells infiltrating the right lobe of the prostate (a; original magnification 10×) and the left lobe (b, c; original magnification 10× and 20×, respectively). Mytotic activity may also be observed (d; original magnification 40×). |
PMC1852111_F1_10399.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Hematoxilin and eosin-stained sections showing solid sheets of squamous cells infiltrating the right lobe of the prostate (a; original magnification 10×) and the left lobe (b, c; original magnification 10× and 20×, respectively). Mytotic activity may also be observed (d; original magnification 40×). |
PMC1852111_F1_10401.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Hematoxilin and eosin-stained sections showing solid sheets of squamous cells infiltrating the right lobe of the prostate (a; original magnification 10×) and the left lobe (b, c; original magnification 10× and 20×, respectively). Mytotic activity may also be observed (d; original magnification 40×). |
PMC1852111_F2_10402.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | Immunohistochemistry showed negativity to cytokeratin 7 (a; original magnification 10×) and cytokeratin 20 (b; original magnification 40×). Squamous carcinoma cells also stained negative for PSA and PAP, while adjacent remaining glands stained positive (c, d; original magnification 40×). |
PMC1852111_F2_10404.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | Immunohistochemistry showed negativity to cytokeratin 7 (a; original magnification 10×) and cytokeratin 20 (b; original magnification 40×). Squamous carcinoma cells also stained negative for PSA and PAP, while adjacent remaining glands stained positive (c, d; original magnification 40×). |
PMC1852111_F2_10405.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | Immunohistochemistry showed negativity to cytokeratin 7 (a; original magnification 10×) and cytokeratin 20 (b; original magnification 40×). Squamous carcinoma cells also stained negative for PSA and PAP, while adjacent remaining glands stained positive (c, d; original magnification 40×). |
PMC1852111_F2_10403.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | Immunohistochemistry showed negativity to cytokeratin 7 (a; original magnification 10×) and cytokeratin 20 (b; original magnification 40×). Squamous carcinoma cells also stained negative for PSA and PAP, while adjacent remaining glands stained positive (c, d; original magnification 40×). |
PMC1852114_F7_10406.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | Sperm location in the hermaphrodite reproductive tract. The top portion shows an inverted epifluorescent image of a fer-1 hermaphrodite that was mated to uaDf5; him-8 males. Only one lobe of the reproductive tract is shown, extending from the vulva to the spermathecal region. The lobe extending on the other side of the vulva was also examined. The compact spots representing the sperm nuclei (S) were assigned a location: those within 50 μm of the vulva were assigned to the vulval region, whereas those sperm outside the vulval region were assigned to the spermathecal region. The data in the bottom half of the figure represent the numbers (and percent) of sperm found in the two regions for hermaphrodites mated to either him-8 males (N = 15) or uaDf5; him-8 males (N = 15). |
PMC1852118_F3_10407.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | Colitis development following DSS administration. Representative sections and histological assessment of colonic samples from A) WT and B) VDR KO mice receiving water; C) WT and D) VDR KO mice 5 days after receiving 3.5% DSS; E) WT and F) VDR KO mice 5 days after 2.5% DSS; G) WT and H) VDR KO mice 10 days after 2.5% DSS. Edema (asterisk), cellular inflammation in all layers (arrows). |
PMC1852118_F3_10414.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Colitis development following DSS administration. Representative sections and histological assessment of colonic samples from A) WT and B) VDR KO mice receiving water; C) WT and D) VDR KO mice 5 days after receiving 3.5% DSS; E) WT and F) VDR KO mice 5 days after 2.5% DSS; G) WT and H) VDR KO mice 10 days after 2.5% DSS. Edema (asterisk), cellular inflammation in all layers (arrows). |
PMC1852118_F3_10412.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Colitis development following DSS administration. Representative sections and histological assessment of colonic samples from A) WT and B) VDR KO mice receiving water; C) WT and D) VDR KO mice 5 days after receiving 3.5% DSS; E) WT and F) VDR KO mice 5 days after 2.5% DSS; G) WT and H) VDR KO mice 10 days after 2.5% DSS. Edema (asterisk), cellular inflammation in all layers (arrows). |
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