image stringlengths 37 84 | question stringlengths 9 255 | answer stringlengths 1 1.79k |
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splits/subfolder_2/PMC4581568_fig2_426649.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Laparoscopic view of appendicular appendicitis: adhesions and turbid liquids in peritoneal cavity. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4290639_fig3_349993.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Rhabdomyoma. (a) Low power view of the rhabdomyoma (left) with adjacent hypercellular parathyroid (right). (b) Normal striated muscle intertwined with tumor cells. (c) High power view of rhabdomyoma; notice the eosinophilic granular cytoplasm with small eccentrically and centrally placed nuclei. Much of the cytoplasm is retracted from the cell membrane. (Hematoxylin-eosin, original magnification ×40 (a), original magnification ×100 (b), and original magnification ×400 (c).) |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3192121_pone-0025697-g012_111556.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Distribution of NS4 in BTV-8 and GIV infected BHK-21 cells at 72 hours post-infection.
A: BHK-21 cells infected with GIV showing fluorescence in the cytoplasm and cell membrane but less in the nucleus. B: BHK-21 cells infected with BTV-8 showing fluorescence in the cytoplasm and cell membrane but less in the nucleus. Cells were incubated with anti-BTV-8 NS4, or anti-GIV NS4 rabbit antibodies. Cells were then incubated with Alexa Fluor 488 (green fluorescence) conjugated anti-rabbit IgG. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4610229_DMM019398F7_434596.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Renal expression of TLR2, TLR4, HSP70 and HMGB1 in human biopsies. Representative photomicrographs (A) and scoring (B) of TLR2, TLR4, HSP70 and HMGB1 immunohistochemical staining in the renal tissue from DN patients (n=11) and non-diabetic controls (Non-DM, n=10). Scale bars: 200 µm. **P<0.01 and ***P<0.001. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_00029.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Post-Treatment MRIAxial T1-weighted, contrast-enhanced image showing the same lesion as Figure 3. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3457605_fig1_157045.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Brain magnetic resonance image (MRI) shows left periventricular white matter hyperintensities in FLAIR image (A), and left periventricular white matter hyperintensities in axial T2-weighted brain MRI (B). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4491564_fig1_402966.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | CT and MRI images. (a) Transverse section images of CT on admission showing the swelling of the left rhomboideus muscle and the presence of solitary LDA around a contrast enhancement in this muscle. (b) Coronal section images of CT on admission showing the presence of solitary LDA around a contrast enhancement in the left rhomboideus muscle. (c, d) Transverse section images of CT after drainage showing the residual LDA in the left rhomboideus muscle. (e) T1 weighted MRI images showing no abnormalities in the left rhomboideus muscle. (f) T2 weighted MRI images showing no abnormalities in the left rhomboideus muscle. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic57601.jpg | what is the primary abnormality in this image? | acute bacterial meningitis |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4628814_F2_439696.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Intraoperative clinical picture A) after subperiosteal exploration. The extent of the unhealthy bone became obvious by use of VELscope® B) (arrowhead: Detected area show healthy bone. arrow: Undetected area show unhealthy bone) Intraoperative clinical picture of resected section C) and fluorescence picture D) after fluorescence-guided bone resection. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2857828_F3_62530.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Effect of inhibitory neurotransmitters and neuromodulators on the motility of microglia in spinal dorsal horn. (A-F). Local application of 1 mM GABA, Glycine, 5-HT, noradrenalin (NA), acetylcholine agonist carbachol and morphine had no effect on microglia motility. The merged picture is the overlay of imaging at 0 min (green) and 30 min (red) after drug local application. Note that (F) showed the result recorded on typical amoeboid cells. Bars equal to 20 μm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3997709_f1-ol-07-05-1503_283767.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | MRI revealed no epiphyseal invasion. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4376813_Fig4_372394.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | T1 mapping in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. a LGE imaging demonstrating patchy mid-wall enhancement in the septum (white arrows). b MOLLI T1 map at 3 T (Magneton Trio-Tim; Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) demonstrating increased T1 value (1,161 ms) in an area without LGE (ROI) because of diffuse fibrosis. The T1 value in the area with LGE (focal fibrosis) is 1,281 ms. c Post-contrast T1 map illustrating excellent agreement between LGE (black arrows). Post-contrast T1 values are shortened in the area with late enhancement (301 ms) as well as in the rest of the septum (465 ms) |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic20897.jpg | what image plane is this? | pa |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1640.jpg | What is present? | gastrointestinal |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4141584_F6_315057.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | A 37 weeks pregnant patient a: Axial FSPGR, wall thickening of terminal ileum overlooked (arrow) but retrospectively seen by comparing with previous MRE a year earlier, b: Axial LAVA post Gadolinium injection (arrow) same patient a year earlier. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_46406.jpg | What is shown in this image? | SANT of the spleen: 2-[18F]-Fluoro-2-Deoxy-D-Glucose (FDG-PET) findings. Axial fused image shows intense tracer activity (standard uptake value = 4.5) within the splenic lesion. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/outside_arm/train_1926.jpg | What are present ? | extremities |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4183582_pone-0109214-g008_324759.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Microstructure of explants.Explants were cryofractured and subjected to SEM observation under magnifications of 20×, 100× and 1000×. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3247241_pone-0029152-g002_120410.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Photograph of the sediment surface of two push-cores.Control core (left picture) and sponge core with Tentorium semisuberites (right picture). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4620831_F3_437556.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Magnetic resonance (MR) images from before the start of bevacizumab/paclitaxel/carboplatin therapy in 2009. etoxybenzyl-MRI images of hepatocytes; low-intensity masses are visible in the same region shown in the computed tomography image; low-intensity masses in S7 (A) and low-intensity masses in S2 and S8 (B). T2-weighted image; high-intensity masses are visible in S7 and on the surface of the left lobe of the liver (C). These imaging results indicate liver metastasis of breast cancer (arrows indicate lesions). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4493544_biosensors-05-00172-f008_403557.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | The data obtained when scanning a TMR sensor at varying heights below a three-bit tag and thereby measuring the stray field in a 50 × 150 × 10 µm3 volume. The sensitive axis is vertical, as seen in the figure, and the images are obtained from the real component of the signal. The z label of each image represents the distance from the sample in µm. Frequency: 833 Hz, time-constant: 50 ms, scan speed: 40 µm/s. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3528836_fig02_174906.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR)-dependent binding of activated factor VII (FVIIa) to the endothelium. Human recombinant (r)FVIIa (120 μg kg−1) was injected to wild-type, EPCR-deficient (EPCR-def) or EPCR-over-expressing (EPCR-OE) mice via the tail vein. Mice were killed 30 min after the injection and perfused with 15 mL of ice-cold saline (supplemented with 5 mM CaCl2 and 1 mm MgCl2). Various tissues were collected and fixed in Excel Plus fixative and processed for tissue sectioning and immunohistochemistry. Staining of tissue sections for human FVIIa and EPCR were shown here. (A) The lungs (400× magnification), (B) kidney (400× magnification), (C) lungs (100× magnification) and (D) kidney (100× magnification). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_08650.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Right upper quadrant ultrasound revealing gallbladder wall thickening, a large gallstone, and abundant heterogeneous sludge within the gallbladder |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4260507_F12_342966.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Sample tractography selection for the uncinate fasciculus (UNC) from the untilted motion-free dataset as well as selections from motion-corrected datasets with 10, 30, and 70% corrupted gradient directions. Correction choices shown include outlier-based (i.e., motion scrubbing) and registration-based (using baseline and model-based reference volumes). Notice the inaccurate UNC tract being detected from the motion scrubbing choice at high percentages of motion corruption. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4528806_Fig4_413059.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Ddx4 localization on immunomagnetic isolated OSC. Confocal microscopy showing a single OSC of small size with large nuclei counterstained by DAPI (C) and few cytoplasm. Ddx4, revealed by FITC (green) in B, localizes in vicinity of the membrane actin (red in A). By merging both FITC and PE, Ddx4 is localized outside of the nucleus and shows high fluorescence intensity. Other nuclei stained by DAPI belong to Ddx4-negative cells within the preparation |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3416784_pone-0042845-g004_149322.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | MRI detection of white matter reorganization after hUTC treatment of stroke.Ex vivo T2 (A), FA (B), SD (C), q-ball fiber orientation map (D, E), and Bielshowsky and Luxol fast blue immunoreactive staining images (F–H) measured in the fixed animal brain. High-magnification q-ball (E) or Bielshowsky and Luxol fast blue (G, H) images from the areas shown in the box in the q-ball (D) or Bielshowsky and Luxol fast blue (F, G) as indicated in the top right-hand corners of (E, G, H). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_03938.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Décollement épiphysaire fémoral supérieur |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_uterus/train_0031.jpg | Is the tube adherent to the adjacent ovary on the other side? | yes |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3923566_F4_266900.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Coronary angiography images showing normal epicardial coronary artery tree and normal left ventricular function. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3813792_f1-ol-06-05-1521_240281.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Computed tomography (CT)-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) probe in the right supraclavicular soft-tissue mass (diameter, 6×7 cm). The scan was taken with the patient in the prone position. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4432943_Fig2_386657.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. |
Residual cervical disease. Post treatment images showing a small area of residual disease in the anterior lip of the cervix on sagittal T2 MRI (a) and corresponding restricted diffusion (b and c). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2880799_F2_65576.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | fMRI male group analysis fMRI map activation patterns in the group of male subjects: A) in the left hemisphere; B) in the right hemisphere; C) in transversal projections through the whole brain (cluster threshold activation images (min. blue, max green) Z statistic range automatically calculated by default (1.7< Z< 3.4)) |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4520449_pone.0134479.g002_410758.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Left ventricular myocardial biopsies from HFpEF patients.Panel A shows a representative myocardial biopsy from a patient with a normal stroke volume (70ml) and a small extent of extracellular matrix (12%/mm2). In contrast, panel B shows a representative myocardial biopsy from a patient with a lower stroke volume (51 ml) and a significant amount of extracellular matrix (57%/mm2). Trichrome stain. Extracellular matrix stains blue-purple or green. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3171401_pone-0023451-g002_108177.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Four image slices from T1-weighted volume MRI data compliant with MRE slice positions (upper row).Color-coded MRE wave data of 50 Hz vibrations. Blue colors scale vibrations towards the reader, while red to yellow colors scale motion beneath the image plane. The maximum tissue deflection is approximately 80 µm (mid row). Real-part modulus images corresponding to 50 Hz vibration frequency with specific regions of interest (ROIs) investigated in this study. Green lines: ROI
full, blue lines: ROI
inner, red lines: ROI
frontal, magenta lines: ROI
posterior, outer green lines excluding ventricles: ROI
full (bottom line). |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3781065_pone-0075910-g006_233060.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Histological analysis of viral pneumonia in immunosuppressed macaques.Macaques were autopsied 7 days after virus infection. Lung tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) and representative figures are shown. (A) A macaque, Y3, infected with YOK91 without immunosuppression, (B) A macaque, N2, infected with NRT1 without immunosuppression, (C) A macaque, Y4, infected with YOK91 with immunosuppression, (D) A macaque, N4, infected with NRT1 with immunosuppression. Bars in microscopic photos indicate 100 µm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3387147_pone-0039421-g002_143482.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Shear forces are regulated by well fluid volume.Three consecutive frames of 400 msec duration captured beads before (a), during (b), and after (c) the application of a ∼11 atm peak pressure blast with (180 µl fluid volume) and without shear (380 µl fluid volume). Significant bead motion due to shear is registered in top frame b. Note, a single bead did not move (arrow); this bead, presumably immobilized due to adhesion to the surface, allows one to check for stability of the stage during the blast. In the absence of shear, the application of the same peak pressure blast does not show any bead displacement (bottom frame b). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4211158_fig1_330757.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Axial ERC and non-ERC T2W MRI depicting the maximum AP (yellow) and LR (blue) prostate dimensions and WP contours (red) used for volume determination are shown below. Coronal ERC and non-ERC T2W MRI of the same patient were used to measure maximum CC (green) prostate dimension. AP, LR, and CC measurements are also annotated. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3787110_pone-0075720-g006_234789.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | The distribution of gangliosides GD1a and GT1b in autonomic nuclei of brainstem (coronal sections).Double immunohistochemistry with anti-tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) antibody (B-D, F-H, J-L, N-P, green) and anti-GD1a (C, G, K, O; red) or anti-GT1b (D, H, L, P; red). Locus coeruleus (A-D), lateral parabrachial nucleus (E-H), caudal ventrolateral medulla (I-L) and solitary nucleus (M-P). The negative controls (A, E, I, M) were performed by omitting primary antibodies. Cell nuclei are stained blue with DAPI. CVL, caudal ventrolateral medulla; LC, locus coeruleus; LPB, lateral parabrachial nucleus; Sol, solitary nucleus. Scale bar = 100 µm. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC1617112_F3_7501.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | The hyaline globules in the amorphous material do not show any organisms with GMS stain (a, b). Compare this with appearance of PCP in positive control (c, d), which shows frothy casts with the characteristic crushed ping-pong ball like organisms (c) with small central to eccentric dots (arrow in d). (Bronchoalveolar lavage; Gomori-Silver Methanamine (GMS) stained SurePath Prep™). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/outside_baby/train_2647.jpg | How is twins joined at head facing each ? | other |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4181482_fig02_324123.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | (A–C) MRI on diffusion, Fast-FLAIR, and T2-weighted sequences show extensive demyelinating areas involving subcortical white matter (bilateral centrum semi oval). (D–F) Control MRI performed 4 months after initial symptoms shows ostensible improvement of lesions and secondary subcortical atrophy. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2817010_f2_56295.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Typical appearance of kidney-shaped and biconvex lenses. Panels A and B each show a single “slice” from the central region of a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan: a nonkidney- shaped lens (A) and a kidney-shaped lens (B). Panels C and D show MRI3dX mesh models of the lenses from two eyes: a lens with a normal biconvex appearance (C) and a lens showing a depression the anterior surface, characteristic of kidney-shaped lenses (D). The scale bar in panel D is only an approximation since the true dimensions are altered due to the presentation in perspective. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2703782_pone-0006189-g006_40924.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Elevated mTORC1 signaling and PPARγ levels in TSC-associated angiomyolipoma.Serial sections of normal human adipose tissue (top) or renal AMLs (middle and bottom) from TSC patients were H&E stained or subjected to immunohistochemistry with anti-phospho-S6 (S235/S236) or anti-PPARγ, as indicated. Representative regions are shown at 100× magnification, with enlarged (2.5×) insets showing more detail. Red arrows point to a few of the many cells within the field showing nuclear PPARγ. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2827391_F2_57811.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Impact of temporal muscle cauterization on pMCAO with T2WI. A: temporal muscle cauterization alone (group A) showing day 0 traumatic lesion (interrupted lines). B: temporal muscle cauterization, craniotomy and MCA electrocoagulation (group E). Color-coded magnification shows the boundaries of the ischemic lesion (dotted line) and traumatic lesion (interrupted lines) 6 h after pMCAO. C: same mice at day 1 showing the limits of the final lesion (dotted line). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3842939_pone-0081347-g001_246611.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Immunohistochemistry.VEGFR-2, Gab1 and MMP-9 expression in hilar cholangiocarcinoma tissues and biliary duct tissues with chronic inflammation were detected using immunohistochemical methods. Results were expressed as mean OD. Comparison of the mean OD showed that VEGFR-2, Gab1 and MMP-9 expression levels in hilar cholangiocarcinoma tissues (A, C, E) were significantly higher than those in biliary duct tissues with chronic inflammation (B, D, F) (**P<0.01). |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC1821014_F17_10034.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Age 16.4. Situation after 1.2 years in braces in order to parallelize 11 and 22 for later prosthodontic rehabilitation. Teeth 24 and 25 had not been bonded because of idiopathic root resorption (compare panographic x-ray, Fig. 16). Extraorally: With and without thermoplastic retainer for temporary replacement of 21. Intraorally: Teeth 11 and 22 were parallelized. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4130613_pone-0104881-g006_313035.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | IglC and PdpA are essential for robust F. novicida growth within hepatocytes.Phase and fluorescence microscopic images were taken of BNL CL.2 cells infected with wild-type F. novicida, deletion mutants (ΔiglC and ΔpdpA), and complement strains (ΔiglC::iglC and ΔpdpA::pdpA) for 48 h. At 22 h post-inoculation, the samples were washed with PBS and replaced with media containing gentamicin to prohibit further bacterial invasion. F. novicida (green) and DNA (blue, DAPI) were stained in the fixed samples. Each image represents a ‘maximum intensity’ Z-projection comprising a stack through the cell body. Images taken by fluorescence and phase microscopy were merged together to illustrate the cell borders. Scale bar = 10 µm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2886263_F0003_66325.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Slit-lamp photographs (a) (Right Eye) and (b) (Left Eye) showing congested eyes with shallow anterior chambers |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_06419.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Preoperative radiograph of tooth, number 36, note the good height of the alveolar bone. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_0821.jpg | What reflects the progressive loss of cellular differentiation on the surface of the cervical lesions from which these cells are exfoliated? | this observation |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4515271_fig9_409506.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Three-dimensional stereotactic surface projections (3D-SSP) of single-photon emission computed tomography with N-isopropyl[123I]-p-iodoamphetamine (IMP-SPECT) of the patient in Case C. Decreased perfusion in the bilateral parietal cortex, precuneus, and posterior cingulate cortex indicated comorbid Alzheimer's disease. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4146583_pone-0106038-g003_316019.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Morphological appearance of differentiated NSCs.Phase-contrast image of empty vector-transfected NSCs (A). Cells showed astrocyte-like morphology. Phase-contrast image of IGF-1-GFP expressing NSCs (B). Cells showed oligodendrocyte-like morphology. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_liver/train_2898.jpg | Is adenoma sebaceum present? | no |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC2811103_F9_55459.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Combined assessment of cortical abnormalities. Joint tests of significant cortical gray matter and pericortical white matter abnormalities using Fisher's combined probability test revealed extensive abnormalities, concentrated mainly in the frontal lobes and basal occipito-temporal regions. The spatial distribution of the abnormalities replicated on the two different imaging sessions. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4260733_fig5_343024.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Morphological changes caused by ZOL and small G proteins inhibitors. (a) Microphotographs of ZOL-treated cells as indicated (magnification, × 200). (b) Structure of actin fibers in EHMES-10 cells which were treated with ZOL, 1 μg/ml C3 transferase, 5 μM GGTI-298 or 1 mM NE10790 for 24 h and were stained with Alexa Fluor 488 phalloidin (magnification, × 630) |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4284690_ijms-15-21992-f004_348626.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Confocal laser scanning microscopy of transiently expressed VvRiLinNer-GFP fusions in Arabidopsis protoplasts (A) Green fluorescent protein fluorescence of VvRiLinNer-GFP; (B) Chlorophyll autofluorescence; (C) Light-microscopy image of intact protoplast. Bar: 5 μm; (D) Merged images. All images were taken with the 40× water-immersion objectives on the Zeiss LSM 510 (Zeiss, Germany). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3999458_F2_284273.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining showing a highly pleomorphic large-cell proliferation. Immunohistochemistry was diffusely positive for CD20, paired box protein 5 (PAX-5), and B-cell lymphoma 6 protein (Bcl-6). The Ki-67 index was between 60 and 70%. (Magnification shown at ×100 and ×400). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1142.jpg | Is soft tissue present? | yes |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic42307.jpg | in which plane is the mri displayed? | axial |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3965717_f3-mjhid-6-1-e2014017_276592.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Histological examination of lung node biopsy reveals a dense lymphoid infiltrate with an angiocentric distribution, showing transmural infiltration (a). Immunohistochemistry reveals these cells express B-cell markers (MUM1 + [b]) and are strongly EBV-ISH positive (more than 50 high-power fields) (c). All these findings are consistent with LYG, grade III. Extensive T cell infiltration accompanying is also observed (CD3-positive cells [d]).EBV: Epstein-Barr virus |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3600268_fig2_192697.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Transbronchial biopsy stained positive with Congo red. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4459843_fig01_394446.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Surgical technique. (A) Left leg after creation of a critical size cartilage defect of the medial and lateral condyle. (B) Cautious separation of the periosteum flap from the bony surface. (C) Harvesting of the periosteum flap based on the saphenous artery and its venae comitantes, the nourishing vessel to the periosteum can be seen clearly. (D) Bottom surface of the raised flaps; the cambium layer is visible. (E and F) Right and left leg after coverage of the medial defects and fixation with transosseous sutures. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC1142324_F3_2261.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Neuronal ADAM22 mRNA expression in the CNS. To determine the ADAM22 mRNA distribution, in situ hybridisation analysis using 35S-labeled probe was performed. Coronal (A, B) and sagittal (C, D) sections of the mouse brain and spinal cord (E) were shown. Using the antisense probe (A, C), strong signals were obtained, especially in the hippocampus and the cerebellum, while no signals was detected by the sense probe (B, D). In the spinal cord, autoradiograms of ADAM22 mRNA was detected in the grey matter (E). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4520483_pone.0133921.g004_410771.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | GRE comparison scans.0.25 × 0.25 × 2 mm gradient echo with motion correction off (A) and on (B) and magnifications of the marked regions. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_1812.jpg | What stain ? | iron |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC1559723_F2_7018.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Mammary gland morphology during the development. (a) Analysis of carmine-stained whole mounts (magnification 6×) and (b) hemotoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained sections (magnification 100×) showing the relative changes in size of the epithelial and adipose compartments of the number 4 mammary gland at the indicated time points during mammary gland development. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4552968_fig05_418664.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Fluorescence in situ hybridization using pericentromeric-specific probe pAL1 (green) on metaphase-I cells of wild-type and condensin-depleted plants: (a, b) wild-type; (c, d) AtSMC4RNAi; (e, f) AtCAP-D2RNAi; (g, h) Atcap-d3. Scale bar: 5 μm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4032924_F1_291500.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Immunohistochemical staining of IGF1R in primary and metastatic USC. (A)
Primary tumor, neoplastic glands (arrows) adjacent to non-neoplastic endometrial glands (asterisks). H&E, ×200. (B)
Primary tumor, weak cytoplasmic staining in <50% of cells (grade II) in neoplastic glands. Moderate staining in >50% of cells in adjacent non-neoplastic glands. (C)
Metastasis, moderate cytoplasmic staining in nearly all neoplastic cells. (D)
Metastasis, a focus of increased atypia. Moderate and strong staining in all neoplastic cells. Some of the immunohistochemical figures were shown in Ref. (22). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4121696_F1_311434.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | A male patient with Left foot total tarsometatarsal joint fracture dislocation caused by a traffic accident. (A, B) The X-ray showed a Myerson type A injury. (C, D) The postoperative X-ray showed a good reduction and fixation |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4540989_fig5_415581.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Immunohistochemical stain detected neoplastic cells positive for CD79a; original magnification ×1000. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4646984_fig4_444212.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | (a-b) Anterior and lateral spinal views with definitive instrumentation T-10 to iliac bone. (c-d) Lumbar X-ray views. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic45744.jpg | in what plane was this image taken? | pa |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4256921_Fig3_342008.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. |
Statistical Parametric Map (SPM) depicting regions of decreased perfusion in A) VHF-DLB and B) CBS relative to controls. Red areas are corrected for multiple testing using the False Discovery Rate, while green areas are corrected using the more conservative Family Wise Error method. Views are shown in standard anatomical orientation. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_48272.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Post-operative lateral left knee X-ray showing restored patellar height. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4529191_pone.0135273.g003_413211.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | The changes of the upper airway.A) The largest lateral (LR) and anteroposterior (AP) dimensions of the airway. B) The 3D model of the upper airway and maxillary in the control subjects. C) The changes of the upper airway between T1 and T2 data in theaxial view. D) After PE treatment the 3D model of the upper airway have changed. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qd1epb08329q4w22ch.jpg | How many polyps are in the image? | 1 |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_38369.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | 34-year-old female with osteoporosis of pregnancy. Corresponding high signal (arrows) within the bilateral femurs on this coronal STIR image. Note the gravid uterus. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qg1euv0832aufx6yko.jpg | How many polyps are in the image? | 1 |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2868823_F4_63960.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Radiographic union of pathological fracture of right ulna at 12 months post-operatively. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_34172.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Axial CT scan revealing large hypoattenuated heterogenous image with aspect of expansive and invasive, osteolytic, multilocular lesion with perforation of the cortical bone at the angle and ramus of the mandible (Gomes et al. [6]). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_43947.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Color Doppler demonstrating flow into the pseudoaneurysm. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2593040_F1_30871.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Schematic representation of the collagen gel model as used to growth Candida cells. Representative morphologies are: A) mature colony; B) planktonic yeast; C) yeast-colony and D) filamentous colony. Magnifications are: A, 40X and B, C and D, 20X. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2576302_F1_29695.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Axial CT image demonstrating the right hilar mass extending into the right middle lobe and distorting the outline of the right and left atria with CT guided percutanous biopsy of the mass. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic55619.jpg | what is the primary abnormality in this image? | lemierre’s syndrome |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3530513_pone-0052430-g004_175096.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | The endocytic pathways of Gal-3 in HUVEC.A: The cells were incubated with DTAF-Gal-3 and Cy3-transferrin (only at 30 min) at 37°C for 10, 30, or 120 min and were then processed for IF analysis with antibodies against EEA1, Lamp-1 and Golgin-97. B: The cells were incubated with DTAF-Gal-3 at 4°C for 60 min. After washing, the cells were either fixed immediately (0 min) or transferred to 37°C for 5 min or 10 min and then fixed. C: The cells were incubated with DTAF-Gal-3 and Cy3-transferrin at 20°C for 60 min. The images were obtained with a confocal microscope (A and B) or a fluorescence microscope (C). Scale bar, 10 µm. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4256384_pone-0113893-g003_341839.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Expression of M4 differentiation markers in zag-1(hd16) mutants.Fluorescence (left) and DIC (right) micrographs of transgenic L1-L2 animals bearing ceh-28::gfp (A), dbl-1::gfp (B), egl-17::gfp (C), flp-2::gfp (D), flp-5::gfp (E), ser-7b::gfp (F), flp-21::gfp (G), unc-17::gfp (H) in a zag-1(+) or zag-1(hd16) mutants. The position of M4 is marked (arrowheads). Asterisk indicates flp-2::gfp expression in the MC neuron (D). |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3460871_pone-0046158-g006_158026.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Micro-CT scan shows the vessel distribution in the whole heart.(A): The perfusion of contrast agents indicates the cardiac vessel networks of various groups. The dotted line shows the location of cell patch. (B): In cell patch, the new formed vessels are identified by GFP (green) and quantitative data. All nuclei are stained with DAPI (blue). Scale bars = 100 µm. * p<0.05; ** p<0.01. All values are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 4). |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3527553_pone-0052514-g004_174496.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Histopathologic examinations by H&E (1 and 2) and PAS (3) in fungus-infection group.A1, B1 and C1 showed different level of suppurative granulomatous inflammation in the dermis tissue at the 2nd, 3rd and 5th weeks(×100); A2, B2 and C2 showed multinucleated giant cells (arrow) were formed except histocytes and epithelioid cells around necrosis center (×400); A3 and B3 showed S. schenckii cells (arrow) in multinucleated giant cells at the 2nd, 3rd, and no S. schenckii cell was observed in C3 at the 5th weeks PI (×400). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3329065_fig1_134323.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Histological sections of the liver and kidney from the acute toxicity test. (a and b) Rats treated with 5 mL/kg of the vehicle (CMC). (c and d) Rats treated with 2000 mg/kg (5 mL/kg) of the J. sambac extract. (e and f) Rats treated with 5000 mg/kg (5 mL/kg) of the J. sambac extract. There is no significant difference in the structures of the livers and kidneys between the treated and control groups (Hematoxylin and Eosin stain, 20× magnifications). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2492868_F4_26125.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Tumor cells and endothelial cells share common borders in vitro. (a), (b) 4T1-GFP and pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells were plated together in co-culture and examined by DIC imaging. (c), (d) The same fields were imaged in the green fluorescent protein (GFP) channel to reveal the presence of the 4T1-GFP cells. (e), (f) The images were overlaid to show the location and shared borders between the tumor cells and the endothelial cells. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3613895_F4_195847.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | “Example screenshots from glioma growth model simulations with varied points of origin. Images at four time points each for three simulated lesions provided in the sagittal, coronal, and axial planes for lesion start points at the anterior dorsolateral subventricular zone, anterior deep white matter, and anterior superficial white matter. Green area reflects estimated T2-weighted image abnormality on magnetic resonance; red area reflects estimated T1-weighted image post-gadolinium abnormality.” Courtesy: Bohman et al. (2010). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3114719_F5_98912.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Lectin-histochemical analysis by laser confocal microscopy in juvenile (10-week-old) and egg-laying adult (30-week-old) hen oviducts. Oviductal magnum sections were stained with FITC-conjugated ConA, HPA, WFA, PNA, UEA-1, and WGA, and counterstained with DAPI for nuclear staining. Arrows, luminal epithelium; S, stroma; Tg, tubular gland. Bars = 25 μm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2821392_F2_56619.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Computed tomography (CT) scan of the neck and thoracic outlet. Repeat CT scanning after ten months of steroid therapy confirms reduction in size of the goitre and with return of the trachea to midline position. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4418099_Fig3_383033.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Diffusion weighted images (DWI). DWI in the upper row and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps in the lower row show areas of diffuse and symmetric diffusion restriction in the cerebral subcortical white matter and right globus pallidus that is corresponding to the changes seen in FLAIR images. Note the sparing of infratentorial structures. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4216068_pone-0111352-g001_332065.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | The immunohistochemical detection of innate immune cells was performed by using MBP, tryptase, CD68, CD163, CD11c, 2D7, and HNE (magnification x400).UP, uncinate process tissue; NP, nasal polyp tissue; CRSsNP, chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps; CRSwNP, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps; MBP, anti-human eosinophil major basic protein; HNE, anti-human neutrophil elastase. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4603035_F2_432643.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Lymph node findings in patients with adult-onset Still disease. Biopsy case no. 3 shows nodular expansion of the paracortex (A) by pale-staining histiocytes, dendritic cells, or Langerhans cells (B). Biopsy of case 4 shows paracortical or diffuse hyperplasia with vascular hyperplasia (C). A residual lymphoid follicle is seen (arrow). The paracortex is composed of large immunoblasts and small lymphocytes with occasional eosinophils (D). Immunohistochemical staining for CD4 (E) and CD8 (F) in case no. 4. The number of CD4-positive lymphoid cells is greater than that of CD8-positive lymphoid cells. (Original magnification, ×40 (A, C), ×100 (E, F), ×200 (B), ×400 (D). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC1868749_F4_10873.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Kidney, dog. a. Segmental sclerotic glomerular lesion (arrow) in a control dog; C7, Table 2. b. Glomerulus from a control dog; C7, Table 2, revealing global advanced stage sclerosis. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3586921_F2_189505.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Transmission electron microscopy examination of the luminal epithelium cells 96 hr after HMG injection. A& B: non- stimulated control group, C: Hyperstimulated group, D: Hyperstimulated + sildenafil citrate injection group. MV (Microvilli), M (Mitochondria), JC (Junctional complex), P (Pinopode) |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4157004_fig6_318548.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Histological assessment of ovarian structure in control, Cd, IR, and IR + Cd treated rats. (n = 4). Ovarian sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. A decrease in mature follicle in IR and IR + Cd group is compared with control group. Fibrosis (arrow) is detected in Cd, IR, and IR + Cd group when compared with control group. In IR and IR + Cd group increase in capillary thickness (arrow) can be detected. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4369810_fig02_370484.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Spermatogenesis regeneration and offspring production after spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) transplantation. (A) The SSCs with membrane fluorescence were settled and incorporated with germ cells of the recipient testis in the injected seminiferous tubules. (B) Red fluorescence was observed in 27% of the pups. (C) Half of the progeny expressed red fluorescence. (D and E) Histological appearance of the recipient testis showing normal spermatogenesis with red membrane fluorescence of spermatogenic cells in some seminiferous tubules. Hoechst indicates nuclear staining. |
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