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New Bald Bird Discovered in Laos \| WIRED New Bald Bird Discovered in Laos subscribe 6 months for $5 - plus a FREE Portable Phone Charger. On Twitter 2 hours Panasonic responds to the demands of a 4K HDR world with a beastly camera that's better suited for video. wrd.cm/2hRaUoV Author: Hadley Leggett. Hadley Leggett Science Date of Publication: 07.29.09. Time of Publication: 7:00 pm. 7:00 pm New Bald Bird Discovered in Laos A rare bald songbird has been hiding out in the rocky limestone cliffs of central Laos. Dubbed the “bare-faced bulbul” because of its unusual feather-free head, the newly discovered species is the only example of a bald songbird in Asia and the first new type of bulbul reported in the last hundred years. It’s not clear how such a distinctive-looking bird escaped detection for so long, but the creature’s preference for rugged terrain probably played a role. The rocky limestone-dominated regions of Laos are generally uninhabitable by humans but home to a variety of unique animals, including new species of rabbit and rat discovered in the last decade. Biologist Robert J. Timmins of the Wildlife Conservation Society caught a glimpse in 1995 of what looked like a songbird with a bald head. He recorded the strange sighting in his field notebook, but omitted it from published account, because the idea of a bald bulbul seemed far-fetched. “RJT subsequently weathered a fair amount of good-natured ribbing on relating the sighting to skeptical colleagues,” wrote the researchers in a paper introducing the new bird, published July in the birding journal Forktail. Now, 13 years later, Timmins has been vindicated: Two more scientists spotted a small grey bird with an orange, featherless face and a distinctive song. Using recordings of the first animal’s call, the researchers attracted at least six more of the bizarre bald-faced birds. They captured one and sent it to a museum to compare with known species to confirm it is a new species, which the scientists named Pycnonotus hualon. “Bald songbirds are unusual in general, not only in Asia,” wrote conservation biologist Peter Clyne of the Wildlife Conservation Society. “While in some birds, such as the vultures, it probably evolved as a feature that enabled more efficient feeding, in many species it is more likely that baldness evolved as a means of display.” No one knows exactly why this particular bulbul went bald, but Clyne suspects its featherless face evolved as a way to attract mates. So take note, middle-aged men: Bald is beautiful, at least if you’re a bird.
Triethylene glycol is a member of a homologous series of dihydroxy alcohols. It is a colorless, odorless and stable liquid with high viscosity and a high boiling point.his liquid is miscible with water, and at a pressure of 101.325 kPa has a boiling point of 286.5 degrees Celsius and a melting point of -7 degrees C. It is also soluble in ethanol, acetone, acetic acid, glycerine, pyridine, aldehydes; slightly soluble in diethyl ether; and insoluble in oil, fat and most hydrocarbons.
21 Jump Street is a 2012 American action comedy film directed by Phil Lord and Christopher Miller, written by Michael Bacall starring Jonah Hill and Channing Tatum. An adaptation of the 1987 television series of the same name by Stephen J. Cannell and Patrick Hasburgh, the film follows two police officers who are forced to relive high school when they are assigned to go undercover as high school students to prevent the outbreak of a new synthetic drug and arrest its supplier.
Parts: $155 - $304. The average cost for a strut/shock absorber replacement-front is between $315 to $507. Labor costs are estimated between $160 to $203 while parts are priced between $155 to $304.Get a personalized estimate based on your location and specific car.he average cost for a strut/shock absorber replacement-front is between $315 to $507.
Erasistratus Erasistratus (/ˌɛrəˈsɪstrətəs/; Greek: Ἐρασίστρατος; c. 304 – c. 250 BC) was a Greek anatomist and royal physician under Seleucus I Nicator of Syria. Along with fellow physician Herophilus, he founded a school of anatomy in Alexandria, where they carried out anatomical research. He is credited for his description of the valves of the heart, and he also concluded that the heart was not the center of sensations, but instead it functioned as a pump. Erasistratus was among the first to distinguish between veins and arteries. He believed that the arteries were full of air and that they carried the "animal spirit" (pneuma). He considered atoms to be the essential body element, and he believed they were vitalized by the pneuma that circulated through the nerves. He also thought that the nerves moved a nervous spirit from the brain. He then differentiated between the function of the sensory and motor nerves, and linked them to the brain. He is credited with one of the first in-depth descriptions of the cerebrum and cerebellum.
Military history of Italy during World War I On 3 May 1915 Italy officially revoked the Triple Alliance. In the following days Giolitti and the neutralist majority of the Parliament opposed declaring war, while nationalist crowds demonstrated in public areas for it. (The nationalist poet Gabriele D'Annunzio called this period le radiose giornate di Maggioâ€”"the sunny days of May"). Giolitti had the support of the majority of Italian parliament so on 13 May Salandra offered his resignation to King Victor Emmanuel III, but then Giolitti learned that the London Pact was already signed: fearful of a conflict between the Crown and the Parliament and the consequences on both internal stability and foreign relationships, Giolitti accepted the fait accompli, declined to succeed as prime minister and Salandra's resignation was not accepted. On 23 May, Italy declared war on Austria-Hungary. This was followed by declarations of war on the Ottoman Empire (21 August 1915[1], following an ultimatum of 3 August), Bulgaria (19 October 1915) and the German Empire (28 August 1916).[2]
How a New Product is Adopted by Consumers Your next lesson will play in 10 seconds Add to Timeline Autoplay 19K views Create an account to start this course today Try it free for 5 days!Create An Account Recommended Lessons and Courses for You Related Lessons Related Courses Classes of Adopters: Innovators, Early, Late and Laggards Positioning and Differentiation in Consumer Marketing Buying Behavior and Marketing: Types of Consumer Buying Decisions Pricing Objectives: How Firms Decide on a Pricing Strategy Lesson Transcript Instructor: John Mc Laughlin In this lesson, you will learn the five stages consumers go through to determine whether or not to adopt a product that is new to the marketplace. You will also learn why it is important for companies introducing new products to understand the adoption process their customers use. The Consumer Adoption Process Have you heard about the new chewing gum that turns your hair green? It's called Green Thum Gum. You can't buy it in a store yet, but you can get it off the company's website. They claim that all you have to do is chew Green Thum Gum for three days and your hair will turn bright green! Don't you want to try it? Actually, no one has invented a gum that turns your hair green - not yet, anyway. But, what if someone does? What process would you go through to decide if you wanted to try the gum one time or start chewing the gum regularly? The Five Stages of Adoption The consumer adoption process is a five-stage process that consumers use to evaluate new products. Through this process, consumers will decide whether to reject or adopt the new product offering. A new product that does not meet a consumer's demand can be rejected at any of the five stages: Awareness (introduction stage): This is the stage when consumers first learn about the new product but don't yet have all the information. For example, you found out about Green Thum Gum because someone told you about it, but you probably still have many questions about the product. Does it really work? What does it cost? Where would I buy it? How long does your hair stay green? Interest (information-gathering stage): This is the stage of the adoption process when consumers seek information about the new product. You might ask your friends if they've heard about Green Thum Gum or do an Internet search to try to find out more about it. Some consumers never make it to this early stage of the consumer adoption process. A bald person, for example, would have no interest in Green Thum Gum. Evaluation (consideration stage): At this stage of the adoption process, the consumer has gathered enough information to determine if he wants to try this product or not. During the evaluation process, the consumer decides if the benefits are worth the cost. A friend tells you he knew someone who chewed Green Thum Gum for two weeks with no results, and you find out that Green Thum Gum costs $20 a pack. You now have to decide if you want to try the new product or not. Trial (sampling stage): A consumer who gets to this stage of the adoption process has decided that the new product might suit his or her needs and makes the effort to try the product. You buy two packs of Green Thum Gum, chew it for two weeks and your hair turns bright green. You love your new look, and a lot of your friends ask you where they can buy Green Thum Gum. Adoption/Rejection (buy or not buy stage): At this stage of the adoption process, the consumer decides if the product has value or not. If the consumer does not find value in the product, he or she will not buy it again. If the product gives the consumer value or solves a problem, they will likely become a repeat customer. At this stage, you decide that Green Thum Gum was fun to try but it's too expensive, and you like your natural hair color better than green anyway. Although it was fun to try, you reject Green Thum Gum and do not buy it again. How Marketers Use the Adoption Process Marketers must provide enough information to the consumer to move them from awareness to adoption. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. Create your account Register for a free trial Are you a student or a teacher? I am a student I am a teacher
Danny Taddei is a singer songwriter that has spent most of his life living places like The South China Sea, The Bermuda Triangle and Polynesia. His sound is what youâd expect from a guy who learned to sail a boat before he could ride a bike. Youâll find his music is diverse and impassioned with adventure, and a feel of the tropics. His music is a compilation of his life experiences â stories of dreams, rum, love and humor.
Average Cost of Window Installation PRICING BY STYLE PRICING BY FRAME WINDOW MANUFACTURERS BEST WINDOWSYou Are Here: Home : Average Cost of Window Installation Search By Zip \|Average Cost of Window Installation The average cost of window installation is $125 per opening for a standard sized casement, double hung or slider. The biggest factor that determines price is the overall condition of your sills and jambs. See prices and descriptions for the different install methods. When window companies come out to give you a bid on your project, they will first measure each window opening and and examine the condition of the sills and jambs for any damage that must be fixed during the install. Pricing is based on window sizes (for example 24"W x 48"H) - the contractor will write down each measurement and go over the various brands or manufacturers that they carry (Andersen, Marvin, Soft-Lite, Milgard, Alside, etc.) and provide you with a project bid (hopefully several bids based on each manufacturer's price). Insert Installation Inserts or pocket installation is a fully assembled unit that comes with its frame attached. This is the least expensive approach and an industry standard price per opening is $50 to $90. In these cases, the existing window is taken out and the replacement is inserted in the sash pocket. The replacement must be leveled and shimmed to make sure it is plumb and square. Inserts are secured with the screws that comes with the replacement windows into predrilled holes. The perimeter is sealed with fiberglass or low expanding foam (if there is enough room) and caulked and sealed. -- Price Per Opening: $50 to $90 --Standard Installation Standard replacement involves each step discussed above, along with removing the stops, sills and jambs and replacing them as needed. This would only be necessary if there is damage to any of these parts of the window. The window is inserted as you would with an insert and a low expanding foam is used to completely seal the unit from any outside air entering. Caulk is then used on the inside and outside to seal the edges. In many cases, some work to the exterior trim such as adding aluminum capping is needed and adds to the per opening cost. There are lots of steps that can either add to or subtract to the cost here so getting multiple estimates is a good way to see what needs to be done on your project. -- Price Per Opening: $100 to $150 --Full Frame Installation With a full frame replacement, the installer takes out the stops, sills and jambs to get to the rough opening of the window. From here they add new jambs and sills and put in a new construction window which differs from the insert because it has a nailing fin or flange attached to it. The flange provides multiple points on the side and head to nail the replacement securely in place. Often times a sill pan is placed on the bottom sill to drain any water which might get in somewhere down the road. The window is checked to make sure it is plumb and square. Low expanding foam is used to completely seal the new unit. Caulk is then used on the inside and outside to seal the edges. Again, in many cases, work to the exterior trim such as adding aluminum capping is needed and adds to the per opening cost. Full frame installation can be quite an involved process to insure the replacements last a lifetime. -- Price Per Opening: $150 to $250 --Best Replacement Windows Vinyl Window Pricing Cost Of Installation Company Sales Tactics Window Frame Window Style Product Grade Installation Number Of Windows Zip Code
From the first discussions on this dossier, which were held at European level at the initiative of the European Parliament, the Commission has given a commitment to the Member States to pursue a course of action designed to develop what we might call a European police culture, grounded in the highest standards of duty, respect for the rights and freedoms of our citizens and efficiency in the fight against crime.
Fahrenheit 451 is a 1966 British Dystopian science fiction drama film directed by François Truffaut and starring Oskar Werner , Julie Christie , and Cyril Cusack . Based on the 1953 novel of the same name by Ray Bradbury , the film takes place in a controlled society in an oppressive future in which a fireman , whose duty it is to burn all literature , becomes a fugitive for reading . This was Truffaut 's first colour film as well as his only English-language film . At the 1966 Venice Film Festival , Fahrenheit 451 was nominated for the Golden Lion .
What happens in cardiac arrest. 1 Once the usual blood circulation stops, oxygen delivery to all vital organs is also stopped. 2 The pulse that is usually seen in the carotid artery in the neck as well in the wrists and ankles is lacking. 3 Cardiac arrest may lead to sudden cardiac death or SCD.
How early should you get to the airport in the US? _Travel Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for road warriors and seasoned travelers. Join them; it only takes a minute: Sign up Here's how it works: Anybody can ask a question Anybody can answer The best answers are voted up and rise to the top How early should you get to the airport in the US?up vote19down votefavorite3When traveling on a domestic flight in the US, how early is it recommended to get to the airport before the flight is scheduled to leave? What about international flights leaving from the US? Are there general rules for times of day or days of the week when airports tend to be busier and it would be wise to arrive earlier?air-travel usa airports international-travelshare improve this questionasked Dec 15 '11 at 0:32jrdioko3,644 16 38 831Spirit Airlines refused to even print a boarding pass if you try to use the Kiosk less than 45 minutes before the flight leaves. – Charlie Jun 9 '14 at 17:21If you happen to know that a big conference is in town, traveling when it's ending might mean long lines, especially at smaller airports. Traveling out of San Diego when the Neuroscience conference ended meant sharing the airport with >10k extra passengers. – Jonas Jan 30 '15 at 12:34@Charlie: 45 minutes seems to become a common time for check-in cutoff for economy class. – Jonas Jan 30 '15 at 12:35add a comment6 Answers active oldest votesup vote19down voteaccepted The general rule of thumb is that one is supposed to arrive2 hours early for a domestic flight and3 for an international flight. That said, I've never found that rule to be terribly useful because it doesn't take into account size of the airport, day of the week, or anything like that. Personally, I also find the times to be a little bit excessive - I figure on45 - 90 minutes domestically2 hours international I've never missed a plane (although once, going to Bermuda, they had to hold a plane for me! )As an example, iad (Dulles Airport) - On a Sunday evening, I could make it from car to gate in under 30 minutes, whereas on a Monday morning, I needed a minimum of 60. In general -Allow more time for larger airports ( iad, sfo, jfk, ohr, atl, etc. )Allow more time for international flights (obviously)Allow more time on Monday mornings, Thursday evenings, or any time on Friday, Saturday, or Sunday before about 4pm. Allow less time if you have access to a priority security line (usually due to a frequent flyer program)Allow a lot of extra time if you have to check bags. Personally, I can go for a week in just one carry-on bag - but if you must check bags or fly with someone who does, use the full rule of thumb time listed above…The key variable is determining how early you should arrive is the security line. You can get a decent grip on this by checking out historical wait time data or My TSA's website and entering the airport you want to know the wait time for. Simply add some time on either end of that concomitant with the distance to security and from security to gate, along with other waits, and you'll have your answer.share improve this answeredited Aug 10 '14 at 18:40answered Dec 15 '11 at 1:09Affable Geek5,407 7 33 51add a commentup vote13down vote There is no single answer. You need to allow time for a number of individual things, which may or may not apply to you. Between the moment you drive on to the airport property and the moment you reach the boarding gate, you should allow for:parking your car and getting to the airport building. 0 min if you're in a cab or being dropped off, up to 30 min if you need to wait for a shuttle bus and it's a large airport, with the shuttle stopping at all the other terminals firstchecking in and getting a boarding pass. 0 min if you did that at home. 5 min if you're in business class or otherwise qualify for the express line. Up to an hour at busy times for everyone elsedropping off baggage. 0 min if you're travelling carry on only, or included in your checkin time if you didn't check in online. Up to 20 min at busy times.just to make this answer applicable outside the domestic US, there are sometimes immigration formalities like "you are exiting Schengen" in Europe or "pre-clear to the US" in Canada that can involve another lineup of 15-60 min. Lining up for security. 5 min if you qualify for the express line. 30 to 60 otherwise at busy times. Travelling from security to the boarding gate. 5 min walk in a small airport, 15 or 20 min in a large one with trains and such to get you there. So best case, I can get out of a cab and be at the gate 10 minutes later. (In a tiny airport, checked in online, status, no luggage.) Someone else with no status, a car to park, a bag to check, and no fast passes into express lines might need hours to cover the same distance if the airport was very busy. At the end of all that time, you need to reach your gate within the time specified by the airline. There may also be deadlines for checkin or baggage drop-off - these should be on the airline web site. For example you might need to get to the gate 30 min before the flight leaves, but drop off your baggage 60 min before. So you should keep those in mind as well even in a small airport.share improve this answeranswered Dec 15 '11 at 1:10Kate Gregory55k 7 146 236it may also depend on how busy the airport is. On a smaller airport with one international flight in a medium sized aircraft is may be much faster than in a very busy one. In LAX I've seen lines for security that ended way outside of the international terminal. – Peter Hahndorf Dec 16 '11 at 14:59add a commentup vote13down vote One very important point that is often overlooked is the baggage check-in cutoff time. While it is 30 minutes for most domestic flights on American Airlines, there are exceptions, which you can check-out here:http://www.aa.com/i18n/travel Information/checking In/arrival Times.jsp Other airlines will have different cutoff times, so make sure to check with your airline. This almost bit me in the rear once in Las Vegas, which instead has a 45 minute cutoff time. I completed my self-checkin with around 7 seconds to spare, with the lady at the ticketing counter breathing down my neck (and pretty much counting down as I was going through the process =D). International flights usually have a 60 minute cutoff time. Once again this figure will vary by airlines. Since you'll most likely be checking luggage when flying internationally, it makes sense to get there at least 90 minutes early, depending on the airport and the time of year. Some airports such as CDG in Paris have dreadful check-in times, so I can confirm first-hand AA's recommendation that you show up at least 3 hours in advance there (that's my second most frequent airport). Other than baggage check-in cutoff time however, there is absolutely no reason to show up any earlier for international flights than for domestic flights. Everything else is exactly the same; be at the gate however late you feel comfortable with (without risking losing your seat, ie. up to ≈30 minutes before boarding). Another important point when flying red-eyes and such is the TSA security checkpoint closing times. These vary by airports, so check the TSA site or your airline's site. If I remember correctly, it is 11 PM at D/FW but I've seen as early as 10 PM (I believe it was at LAX). Of course, those times may have changed since, so always check for updated times before flying a red-eye. I've been bumped to a later flight for arriving 2-3 minutes after their closing time (trust me, they're not at all flexible about this, and having to go home only to come back 4 hours later for a 5 AM flight is terrible).share improve this answeredited Aug 11 '14 at 19:37answered Dec 20 '11 at 19:49Phong410 4 104The baggage drop times can vary by airline as well as by airport terminal, so you do need to check with your airline rather than just a different airline at the airport. It may even vary based on your class of travel (I'm sure I've seen somewhere where first class passengers can check bags later than economy). Best to always check in detail with your airline! – Gagravarr Dec 21 '11 at 3:222Thank you @Gagravarr, I have updated my response to reflect your information. – Phong Dec 21 '11 at 19:10add a commentup vote3down vote I usually arrive between 1.75-2hrs before an international flight and I've never missed a flight. Although I wouldn't arrive any later than that (don't need to cause extra stress!). Different airlines can also close their check-in counters at different times so you don't want to be cutting it too close.share improve this answeranswered Dec 19 '11 at 1:11justinl1,402 9 23add a commentup vote-2down vote Arriving 2 to 3 hours early is unnecessary and neurotic.1.25 hours is optimal. That is plenty of time to check in, go through security, find the gate and sit down and wait to board. Eat something before you go to the airport and make sure to use the airport's facilities at least 15 minutes before boarding the plane. Definitely bring some headphones or earplugs because the loud noise of air rushing over the plane's hull can drive you insane. It is recommended to sleep on the plane to prevent jet lag if you are traveling East-West or West-East.share improve this answeranswered Jan 30 '15 at 10:10Ankaluth Fadia1add a commentup vote-4down vote Online Check-in- Domestic- Weekends- 1.5 hours Airport Check-in- Domestic- Weekends- 2 hours Online Check-in- Domestic- Weekdays- 1 hour Airport Check-in-Domestic- Weekdays- 1.5 hour Online Check-in- International- Weekends- 2 hours Airport Check-in- International- Weekends- 3 hours Online Check-in- International- Weekdays- 2 hours Airport Check-in- International- Weekdays- 3 hoursshare improve this answeredited Jun 9 '14 at 19:46answered Jun 9 '14 at 19:39Ksheera Sagar112 32Can you provide some context for this list? – Kate Gregory Jun 9 '14 at 19:551Well, that's what i have been following for all my trips. I have done all the probabilities and guessed the above. – Ksheera Sagar Jun 10 '14 at 19:43add a comment Your Answer Sign up or log in Sign up using Google Sign up using Facebook Sign up using Email and Password Post as a guest Name Email By posting your answer, you agree to the privacy policy and terms of service. Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged air-travel usa airportsinternational-travel or ask your own question.asked6 years, 4 months agoviewed90,141 timesactive3 years, 2 months ago Linked16 First time travelling alone, and on a connecting flight, I have a few questions9 Number of hours before the departure, that is safe be at an airport for an international flight3 How early should I arrive at Logan (Boston) for a weekday late-afternoon flight? 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Abdul Rashid Salim Salman Khan -LRB- -LSB- ; born 27 December 1965 -RRB- , credited as Salman Khan -LRB- pronunciation : -LSB- - hnssəlˈmaːn ˈxaːn -RSB- -RRB- , is an Indian film actor , producer , television personality , singer and philanthropist . In a film career spanning more than twenty five years , Khan has received numerous awards , including two National Film Awards as a producer , and two Filmfare Awards as an actor . Described by the CNN as one of the world 's biggest stars , he has a significant following in Asia and the Indian diaspora worldwide , and is cited in the media as one of the most popular and commercially successful actors of Indian cinema . The son of screenwriter Salim , Khan began his acting career with a supporting role in Biwi Ho To Aisi -LRB- 1988 -RRB- and achieved breakthrough with a leading role in his next releaseSooraj Barjatya 's romance Maine Pyar Kiya -LRB- 1989 -RRB- . Khan went on to establish himself in Bollywood in the 1990s with roles in several top-grossing productions , including the romantic drama Hum Aapke Hain Koun . . ! -LRB- 1994 -RRB- , the action thriller Karan Arjun -LRB- 1995 -RRB- , the comedy Biwi No. 1 -LRB- 1999 -RRB- , and the family drama Hum Saath-Saath Hain -LRB- 1999 -RRB- . For his role in Karan Johar 's romantic drama Kuch Kuch Hota Hai -LRB- 1998 -RRB- , Khan was awarded the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor . After a brief period of decline in the 2000s , Khan achieved greater stardom in the 2010s by playing the lead role in several successful action films , including Dabangg -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , Bodyguard -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , Ek Tha Tiger -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , Kick -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , Prem Ratan Dhan Payo -LRB- 2015 -RRB- , Bajrangi Bhaijaan -LRB- 2015 -RRB- and Sultan -LRB- 2016 -RRB- all rank among the highest-grossing Bollywood films of all time . Ten of the films in which Khan has acted in have accumulated gross earnings of over . He is the only actor to star in the highest-grossing Bollywood films of nine separate years . Khan topped Forbes India charts for 2014 , in terms of both fame and revenues . According to the Forbes 2015 list of ` Celebrity 100 : The World 's Top-Paid Entertainers 2015 ' , Khan was the highest ranked Indian in 71st rank with earnings of $ 33.5 million . In addition to his acting career , Khan is a stage performer and an active humanitarian through his charity non-profit organisation , Being Human . Khan 's off-screen life is marred by controversy and legal troubles . His tumultuous relationship with Aishwarya Rai , his hunting of endangered species , and a negligent driving case in which he ran over five people with his car , killing one , have been extensively covered by the Indian media . For the last of these , Khan was sentenced to five years ' imprisonment in 2015 , but was later acquitted .
Okehampton Cottages - See our full range of Okehamton Holiday Cottages Mid Devon \| Devon Cottages Okehampton cottages Okehampton Okehampton cottages A beautiful part of mid Devon, should you choose to stay in one of the fine Okehampton cottages, you’ll find yourself surrounded by awe-inspiring scenery and pretty villages. A medieval town, Okehampton is a great base from which to explore the surrounding areas; to the north of the county enjoy the rugged beauty of its dramatic coastline and wild moorlands or take in the traditional appeal of the South’s appealing bucket and spade beaches. Select to filter your results Large (3) Pub within 1 mile (12) Shop within 1 mile (12) Fishing onsite/nearby (8) Winkleigh, Mid and West Devon Sleeps 6 Okehampton, Mid and West Devon Sleeps 6 Okehampton, Mid and West Devon Sleeps 4 Okehampton, Mid and West Devon Sleeps 6 Okehampton, Mid and West Devon Sleeps 2 Okehampton, Mid and West Devon Sleeps 13 Okehampton, Mid and West Devon Sleeps 4 Winkleigh, Mid and West Devon Sleeps 13 Winkleigh, Mid and West Devon Sleeps 4 Okehampton, Mid and West Devon Sleeps 4 Okehampton, Mid and West Devon Sleeps 4 Okehampton, Mid and West Devon Sleeps 2 1 2 Why Visit Okehampton? Not only does the ancient Saxon town have an exciting past to discover and winding streets to explore but it is bursting with cute cafes, family-run pubs and quirky shops. But if you’re looking to escape the crowds and take to more remote areas, as the gateway to the moor, Okehampton is the perfect base. Dartmoor National Park is just on your door step, with countless activities for fun filled or relaxing days out there is always something or somewhere to explore. What to do and see in Okehampton? On the outskirts of the town you will find the remains of what was once the largest castle in Devon. Dating back to the Norman times, Okehampton Castle is surrounded by woodland walks, and riverside picnic spots. You could stock up on goodies for a picnic at the farmers market which takes place in St James Chapel Square on the 1st and 3rd Saturday of the month. Boasting locally made cheeses, breads, preserves cakes and locally reared meats to handmade gifts and crafts the market is one not to miss during a stay in Okehampton. If you are feeling a little more active take to the Granite Way, an 11 mile cycle and walkway between Okehampton and Lydford which more or less follows the former Southern Region Railway. If it’s a little bit of history you’re looking for then the museum of Dartmoor Life aims to celebrate the cultural heritage of Okehampton and Dartmoor through exciting displays and events situated inside a 19th Century former Warehouse and Mill. Why stay in one of our Okehampton Cottages? Whatever kind of stay you are looking for, we have a range of stunning cottages in the Okehampton area all in easy reach of some of Devon’s most outstanding spots. Basing yourself in and around Okehampton means that you get to experience the different sides of the county, whilst staying in picturesque surroundings in comfortable cottages, with everything that you would need for your stay. We also have a great range of Devon Cottages covering the whole county. Stay In the know
The Beechcraft T-6 Texan II is a single-engine turboprop aircraft built by the Raytheon Aircraft Company (which became Hawker Beechcraft and later Beechcraft Defense Company, and was bought by Textron Aviation in 2014). A trainer aircraft based on the Pilatus PC-9, the T-6 has replaced the Air Force's Cessna T-37B Tweet and the Navy's T-34C Turbo Mentor. The T-6A is used by the United States Air Force for basic pilot training and Combat Systems Officer (CSO) training and by the United States Navy and United States Marine Corps for primary Naval Aviator training as well as primary and intermediate Naval Flight Officer (NFO) training. The T-6A is also used as a basic trainer by the Royal Canadian Air Force (CT-156 Harvard II), the Greek Air Force, the Israeli Air Force ("Efroni"), and the Iraqi Air Force. The T-6B is the primary trainer for U.S. student naval aviators. The T-6C is used for training by the Mexican Air Force, Royal Air Force, Royal Moroccan Air Force, and the Royal New Zealand Air Force.
Arthur White (born 1933) is an English stage and screen actor, best known for his occasional role as police archivist Ernie Trigg in the crime drama "A Touch of Frost", alongside his real-life younger brother David Jason. His parents were Arthur R White and Olwen Jones. He also appeared briefly along with his brother in two episodes of "The Darling Buds of May".
Hilary Farr Farr returned to Toronto in 2008 after a divorce. She was signed as a co-host of Love It or List It by the W Network, Big Coat Productions and Corus Entertainment, along with David Visentin.[4] The show was broadcast on HGTV and W Network. In Spain, the show was broadcast with dual sound-track (Spanish voices-over / English) on Divinity.
The Evil Queen , also known as the Wicked Queen or just the Queen , and sometimes instead identified by her given name as Queen Grimhilde , is the primary antagonist in Disney 's 1937 animated film Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs and a villain character in the extended Disney 's Snow White franchise . She is based on the Evil Queen character from the European fairy tale `` Snow White '' . In the film , similar to the Brothers Grimm story , the Evil Queen is cold , cruel , and extremely vain , and obsessively desires to remain the `` fairest in the land '' . She becomes madly envious over the beauty of her stepdaughter , Princess Snow White , as well as the attentions of the Prince from another land ; such love triangle element is one of Disney 's changes to the story . This leads her to plot the death of Snow White and ultimately on the path to her own demise , which in the film is indirectly caused by the Seven Dwarfs . The film 's version of the Queen character uses her dark magic powers to actually transform herself into an old woman instead of just taking a disguise like in the Grimms ' story ; this appearance of hers is commonly referred to as the Wicked Witch or alternatively as the Old Hag or just the Witch . The Queen dies in the film , but lives on in a variety of noncanonical Disney works . The film 's version of the Queen was created by Walt Disney and Joe Grant , and originally animated by Art Babbit and voiced by Lucille La Verne . Inspiration for her design came from the characters of Queen Hash-a-Motep from She and Princess Kriemhild from Die Nibelungen . The Queen has since been voiced by Eleanor Audley , June Foray , Janet Waldo , Eda Reiss Merin , Louise Chamis and Susanne Blakeslee , and was portrayed live by Anne Francine -LRB- musical -RRB- , Jane Curtin -LRB- 50th anniversary TV special -RRB- , and Olivia Wilde -LRB- Disney Dream Portraits -RRB- , Kathy Najimy -LRB- Descendants -RRB- , and in an alternative version , by Lana Parrilla -LRB- Once Upon a Time -RRB- . This version of the classic fairy tale character has been very well received by film critics and the public , and is considered one of Disney 's most iconic and menacing villains . Besides in the film , the Evil Queen has made numerous appearances in Disney attractions and productions , including not only these directly related to the tale of Snow White , such as Fantasmic ! , The Kingdom Keepers and Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep , sometimes appearing in them alongside Maleficent from Sleeping Beauty . The film 's version of the Queen has also become a popular archetype that influenced a number of artists and non-Disney works .
Richmond is a major hub for intercity bus company Greyhound Lines, with its terminal at 2910 N Boulevard. Multiple runs per day connect directly with Washington, D.C., New York, Raleigh, and elsewhere. Direct trips to New York take approximately 7.5 hours. Discount carrier Megabus also provides curbside service from outside of Main Street Station, with fares starting at $1. Direct service is available to Washington, D.C., Hampton Roads, Charlotte, Raleigh, Baltimore, and Philadelphia. Most other connections to Megabus served cites, such as New York, can be made from Washington, D.C. Richmond, and the surrounding metropolitan area, was granted[when?] a roughly $25 million grant from the U.S. Department of Transportation to support a newly proposed Rapid Transit System, which would run along Broad Street from Willow Lawn to Rocketts Landing, in the first phase of an improved public transportation hub for the region.
In 2100 BC the British Isles were in the last stages of their Neolithic era (4000-2000 BC) during which there was an increased sedentarization of the population and an adoption of agricultural practices which included the domestication of animals such as pigs and cattle. This domestication began as early as the late Mesolithic era (4500 BC) when the first move from the traditional hunter gatherer life began to occur, possibly due to the decline in animal populations caused by over hunting. So yes domestic cattle were kept by the peoples of Neolithic Britain. Their bones can be found at numerous neolithic sites such as Hemp Knoll and Knap Hill and at many sites seem to have made up a majority of the domesticated animals e.g. at Knap Hill (3300-2000 BC) 88% of all animal bones found are those of cattle.
Power Nine The "Black Lotus" card can be played at zero cost, and grants three mana (the game's primary resource) when sacrificed (discarded from play). Thus, the card gives the player an enormous jump in the early stages of a "Magic" game. Former Pro player and Magic writer Zvi Mowshowitz has declared Black Lotus as the best card of its type of all time, claiming every deck in the history of the game is better with a Black Lotus in it. It has since been banned from all official tournament formats save for Vintage, but even there, it is limited to one copy per deck, compared to the normal allowance of four. The illustration on Black Lotus was painted by Christopher Rush, who was at the time a Wizards of the Coast employee. The Black Lotus illustration is a depiction of a black lotus flower over a foliage backdrop.
Life After Death is the second and final studio album by American rapper The Notorious B.I.G. , released on March 25 , 1997 , on Bad Boy Records . A double album , it was released posthumously following his death on March 9 , 1997 . It features collaborations with guest artists such as 112 , Jay-Z , Lil ' Kim , Mase , Bone Thugs-n-Harmony , Too $ hort , Angela Winbush , D.M.C. of Run-D.M.C . , R. Kelly , The LOX and Puff Daddy . Life After Death exhibits The Notorious B.I.G. further delving into the mafioso rap subgenre . The album is a sequel to his first album , Ready to Die , and picks up where the last song , `` Suicidal Thoughts '' , ends . The album was nominated for three Grammy Awards in 1998 including Best Rap Album , Best Rap Solo Performance for its first single `` Hypnotize '' , and Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group for its second single `` Mo Money Mo Problems '' . Life After Death has been considered by music writers as one of the seminal mafioso rap albums , along with Raekwon 's Only Built 4 Cuban Linx ... -LRB- 1995 -RRB- and Jay-Z 's Reasonable Doubt -LRB- 1996 -RRB- . In 2003 , the album was ranked number 476 on Rolling Stone magazine 's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time .
As for the exact release date of the sixth season, it is not yet known, but it will be published here after the announcement from FX. UPDATE 1 (January 5, 2018): The Americans will return for its sixth and final season on Wednesday, March 28, 2018 (at 10/9c). Related posts: Â«The AmericansÂ» season 2: premiere date
Birch and tea-leaved willow are the main species of tree found in Icelandic woodlands and shrublands. Birch is the only species of tree to form continuous natural woodlands in Iceland, although the occasional rowan or aspen can be found growing in among the birch trees. Mosses and lichens often abound in forests, both as undergrowth and epiphytes growing on trees.
The Benefits of Vitamins A, E, C, B, and Zinc Related Articles Benefits of Vitamins & Minerals"What Are the Benefits of Vitamins B1, B6 & B12? "Zinc & Selenium Food Benefits of High-Dose Vitamin CThe Institute of Medicine recommends that men get 900 micrograms of vitamin A, 90 milligrams of vitamin C and 9.4 milligrams of zinc each day, while women need 700 micrograms of vitamin A, 75 milligrams of vitamin C and 6.8 milligrams of zinc. Both men and women should get 12 milligrams of vitamin E and 10 micrograms of vitamin D daily. These vitamins are essential for the health of your cells, bones, organs and heart and it is crucial to get enough of all of them to maximize their benefits. Vitamin AEvery cell in your body needs vitamin A. This nutrient regulates the growth and division of your cells and it helps your body produce white blood cells when you need to fight an illness or infection. It plays a role in remodeling bone and it keeps the cells that line your body's interior surfaces healthy. Smokers should avoid high-dose supplements of beta-carotene, according to Harvard School of Public Health, because it may increase their risk of lung cancer, but getting the recommended amount through food is healthy and safe. Vitamin EVitamin E is a fat-soluble antioxidant that protects your cell membranes from damage and may prevent LDL cholesterol from oxidizing and forming plaque in your arteries. Women who are at risk for deep vein thrombosis may benefit from getting an adequate amount of vitamin E because it may prevent DVT from developing. Some research indicates that vitamin E might help prevent some types of cancer. A study published in the "Journal of the National Cancer Institute" in 2012 noted that middle-aged or older Chinese people who took high amounts of vitamin E, either from diet or supplements, had a lower incidence of liver cancer than those who did not. Vitamin CBetween 1500 and 1800, more than 2 million sailors died of scurvy, according to Harvard University. Some knew that citrus fruits prevented the disease, but vitamin C wasn't officially discovered until 1932. Since then, scientists have determined that your body needs this water-soluble vitamin to produce collagen, cartilage, tendons, ligaments and the basic protein in your bones. Vitamin C also functions as an antioxidant, protecting you from the damage done by free radicals. B Vitamins The B-complex group of vitamins includes vitamins B-6 and B-12, as well as thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, folate, biotin and pantothenic acid. These vitamins work together to help your body metabolize the carbohydrates, protein and fat that you eat. They also function as antioxidants, protecting you from illness and premature aging. The IOM recommends men get 1 milligram of thiamin, 12 milligrams of niacin and 1.1 milligrams of riboflavin per day and that women get .9 milligrams of thiamin, 11 milligrams of niacin and .9 milligrams of riboflavin. Men and women both need 30 micrograms of biotin, 320 micrograms of folate and 6 milligrams of pantothenic acid per day. Zinc Zinc actually does help you fight off a cold, according to Harri Hemilä, a researcher at the University of Helsinki in Finland. In 2011, Hemilä published a study in the "Open Respiratory Medical Journal" in which he found that people who had colds and took doses of more than 75 milligrams of zinc experienced a shorter duration of their colds, while people who took less than 75 milligrams per day had colds that lasted longer. According to James P. Mc Clung, Ph. D., who published an article on zinc in "Military Medicine," a publication of the U. S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, zinc supplementation can help treat and prevent diarrhea, pneumonia, malaria and other dangerous conditions that befall soldiers, so he recommends all military personnel get adequate amounts of zinc in their diets. References (5)Harvard University: The Nutrition Source - Vitamin AJournal of the National Cancer Institute: Vitamin E May Lower Liver Cancer Risk Open Respiratory Medical Journal: Zinc Lozenges May Shorten the Duration of Colds: - A Systematic Review Institute of Medicine: Dietary Reference Intakes U. S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine: Zinc: an Essential Trace Element with Potential Benefits to Soldiers About the Author Maia Appleby is a NASM-certified personal trainer with more than 15 years of experience in the fitness industry. Her articles have been published in a wide variety of print magazines and online publications, including the Gale Encyclopedia of Nursing and Allied Health, New Moon Network and Bodybuilding.com. Photo Creditsvitamins image by Andrey Kiselev from Fotolia.com Cite this Article
Tips for Applying for Disability Benefits with Spina Bifida Tips for Applying for Disability Benefits with Spina Bifida Posted on November 27, 2013Today’s post is by guest blogger and writer for the Social Security Disability Help Blog, Ram Meyyappan. Social Security Disability (SSD) benefits are available for children and adults who suffer from Spina Bifida, if the disorder makes it impossible to work as an adult or prevents the attainment of developmental milestones or participation in activities of childhood. Decide Which Program Your Should Apply For The Social Security Administration (SSA) has two different SSD programs you will want to investigate: Supplemental Security Income (SSI) – a need-based program through which benefits are available to adults and children who have limited income and other financial resources. You can learn more about qualifying for SSI here: http://www.disability-benefits-help.org/ssi/qualify-for-ssi Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) – a program through which only eligible adults with sufficient work history/credits can receive benefits. You can learn more about qualifying for SSDI here: http://www.disability-benefits-help.org/ssdi/qualify-for-ssdi Determine Whether You or Your Child Medically Qualifies for Benefits Spina Bifida applications can be approved for benefits under a number of different circumstances, since the disorder causes a range of complications. The SSA will take into consideration the combined effects of spina bifida and may consult multiple listings in the Blue Book, which is the manual of disabling conditions and the evidence necessary for proving disability. You may also wish to take a look at the various listings in the Blue Book that may be considered. The Blue Book can be found here: http://www.ssa.gov/disability/professionals/bluebook/A few if the listings you may need to review include: Musculoskeletal – Section 1.00, for adults, and 100.00, for children Neurological – Section 11.00, for adults, and 111.00, for children Intellectual Deficits – Section 12.00, for adults, and 112.00 for children Gather the Necessary Medical and Financial Information Before beginning your application for benefits, you will need to collect as many of your medical and financial records as possible. You will need the information contained within those records to thoroughly complete your application. You will also need to provide the SSA with copies of as many of your medical records as possible. This will lessen your wait for a decision on your claim, as the SSA will not need to request all of your records from your various healthcare providers and financial institutions. File the Disability Application To apply for benefits on behalf of a child, you must interview with an SSA representative, who will fill out the application for you during the appointment. The interview will be held at your local SSA office. To schedule your appointment, call 1-800-772-1213. If you are applying for disability benefits for yourself, then you can do so at your local SSA office or electronically, via the SSA’s website here: http://www.ssa.gov/pgm/disability.htm Appeal if Your Claim is Denied You may wait several months for a decision on your claim, and it is possible you will be denied benefits. If you or the child for whom you are applying for benefits is denied, you can appeal the decision. You will have to file an appeal within 60 days of receiving your denial notice. You should strongly consider hiring a disability attorney or advocate if your claim is denied. Your attorney will be able to analyze why your claim was originally denied and will be able to correct any errors that were made. Leave a Comment
How many grams of carbohydrates and protein should I eat for ketogenic adaptation? Paleo Diet Ketogenic Diet Low Carb Diet Diet and Nutrition Diet Nutrition How many grams of carbohydrates and protein should I eat for ketogenic adaptation?3 Answers Curt Tigges, Amateur nutritionist and biohacker. Answered Apr 21, 2014 · Author has 792 answers and 1.7m answer views For regular keto, it's usually between 40g-75g, as Rosie Moth mentioned. Like she said, Keto Stix are important to monitor your state. I'd like to suggest an alternative to regular keto, however. Many people who consume ketogenic diets suffer consequences (usually long-term) from the lack of starches in their diet. This negatively influences their gut flora as well as their ability to produce mucus linings in their gut, which leads to other problems like increased risk of colon cancer. You can, however, have both starch and ketones. As explained in Paul Jaminet's Perfect Health Diet, ketosis can be induced by consumption of MCT oil in addition to consumption of a moderate amount of starch. He suggest that ketogenic dieters avoid reducing daily carb consumption below 75 g (300 calories) of starch in order to ensure adequate mucus production, and consuming 4-12 tbsp daily of MCTs in order to induce ketone production. I believe this is a healthier approach than simply cutting carbs out of the diet. Despite the fact that MCT oil does contain a lot of calories, they won't have the same weight-gain effects as other fats. They are immediately converted into ketones, rather than being stored in adipose tissue, and also cause the body to burn calories at a higher rate. Nevertheless, if you consume very high amounts (more than 4 tbsp) I'd suggest replacing some other fats with them.4.2k Views · View Upvoterspromoted by Scribd Every book you wanted to read. Thousands of bestselling books and audiobooks, all for only $8.99 per month. Learn More at scribd.com Related Questions More Answers Below How many calories are in a food that contains 25 grams of carbohydrates, 10 grams of protein and 7 grams of fat? How many eggs should I eat each day? Is eating 2-3 eggs a day good or bad? How do I eat healthy? When should I eat carbohydrates and protein? When is eating fats best? How should I change my meals to eat 100 grams of protein? Is it better to eat proteins at noon and carbohydrates in the evening, or vice versa? Ask New Question Quora User, Humble contestant in a game called Life. Answered Apr 18, 2014 · Author has 53 answers and 67.1k answer views According to Dr. Perlmutter in his book Grain Brain, our Paleolithic ancestors ate a diet of approximately 75% fat, 20% protein, and 5% carbs. So let's say you wanted to eat 1600 calories a day, this looks roughly like 20 grams of carbs, 80 grams of protein, and 133 grams of fat. You don't want to eat too much protein because the process of gluconeogenesis will convert excess protein to glucose and will sabotage your low carb / ketogenic efforts. If you weigh 80 kilograms (a quick google search for a pounds to kilograms converter is a good idea here), eat 80 grams of protein daily. Great rule of thumb to follow. As far as how few carbs you should eat, stay in the 30-40 gram range for a month if you can, then bump up to 40-60, sometimes even up to 80 grams of carbs per day to stay ketogenic. Also, I highly suggest looking into intermittent fasting in order to boost ketogenesis, detoxify, burn fat, positively improve insulin levels, and to give your body time to restock digestive enzymes.1.2k Views · View Upvoters Rosie Moth, Telux HD Vo IP Marketing Director ; Bleeding-Edge Entrepreneur Answered Apr 19, 2014It varies depending on the person. The Keto Calculator is a great tool in determining what your macros should look like. Bear in mind, it's a guideline. My macros can change daily depending on my goals/needs/activities - but it helps to have a baseline idea. Experiment with your macros and use Keto Stix to help you figure out what macros work for you as well as what your tolerances are for sweetners and "safe carbs." After being fat adapted for a while, I can go up to around 55g - 75g carbs a day [depending on training] and stay in ketosis - but I can't have any sweeteners.2k Views · View Upvoterspromoted by Swedish Medical Center Weight loss surgery experts in your backyard. Our world-class team of physicians will help change your life. Extraordinary care, extraordinary caring. Learn More at swedish.org Related Questions Is it possible to get buff by eating 50 grams or less of carbohydrates? What should I eat on a carbohydrate-free and protein full diet? How many grams of protein are required for a human a day? Is it alright if I eat 120 grams of protein at once to gain muscles? What do I eat on the Ketogenics Diet? Does eating a gram of protein balance blood sugar levels from eating a gram of sugar? How do I eat 1 gram of protein per pound of bodyweight easily? I need to eat 106 grams of protein a day, what should my meal plan be? How many grams of fat is considered healthy to eat? How many carbs should I eat along with a 60 gram protein shake after a workout? Ask New Question Related Questions How many calories are in a food that contains 25 grams of carbohydrates, 10 grams of protein and 7 grams of fat? How many eggs should I eat each day? Is eating 2-3 eggs a day good or bad? How do I eat healthy? When should I eat carbohydrates and protein? When is eating fats best? How should I change my meals to eat 100 grams of protein? Is it better to eat proteins at noon and carbohydrates in the evening, or vice versa? Is it possible to get buff by eating 50 grams or less of carbohydrates? What should I eat on a carbohydrate-free and protein full diet? How many grams of protein are required for a human a day? Is it alright if I eat 120 grams of protein at once to gain muscles? What do I eat on the Ketogenics Diet? Ask New Question
The Wedge-tailed Eagle, sometimes known as the Eaglehawk in its native range, is the largest bird of prey in Australia, and is also found in southern New Guinea. Behavioural Adaptations: Wedge-tailed eagles mate for life and share a nest with their mate and share duties like caring for their two eggs.he Wedge-tailed Eagle, sometimes known as the Eaglehawk in its native range, is the largest bird of prey in Australia, and is also found in southern New Guinea. Behavioural Adaptations: Wedge-tailed eagles mate for life and share a nest with their mate and share duties like caring for their two eggs.
Logo. The Human Genome Project (HGP) was an international scientific research project with the goal of determining the sequence of chemical base pairs which make up human DNA, and of identifying and mapping all of the genes of the human genome from both a physical and functional standpoint.he project did not aim to sequence all the DNA found in human cells. It sequenced only euchromatic regions of the genome, which make up about 90% of the genome. The other regions, called heterochromatic are found in centromeres and telomeres, and were not sequenced under the project.
Speed limits in the United States The highest speed limits are generally 70 mph (113 km/h) on the West Coast and the inland eastern states, 75–80 mph (121–129 km/h) in inland western states, along with Arkansas and Louisiana, and 65–70 mph (105–113 km/h) on the Eastern Seaboard. Alaska, Connecticut, Delaware, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Puerto Rico, Rhode Island, and Vermont have a maximum limit of 65 mph (105 km/h), and Hawaii has a maximum limit of 60 mph (97 km/h). Washington, D.C. and the U.S. Virgin Islands have a maximum speed limit of 55 mph (89 km/h), and Guam and American Samoa have speed limits of 45 mph (72 km/h). Two territories in the U.S. Minor Outlying Islands have their own speed limits: 40 mph (64 km/h) in Wake Island, and 15 mph (24 km/h) in Midway Atoll.[1][2] Unusual for any state east of the Mississippi River, much of I-95 in Maine north of Bangor allows up to 75 mph (121 km/h), and the same is true for up to 600 miles of freeways in Michigan. Portions of the Idaho, Montana, Nevada, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, and Wyoming road networks have 80 mph (129 km/h) posted limits. The highest posted speed limit in the entire country can be found on the Texas State Highway 130, and it is 85 mph (137 km/h).
The Breakfast Club is a 1985 American coming-of-age comedy-drama film written , produced , and directed by John Hughes , starring Emilio Estevez , Paul Gleason , Anthony Michael Hall , Judd Nelson , Molly Ringwald and Ally Sheedy . The storyline follows five teenagers , each members of different high school cliques , who spend a Saturday in detention together and come to realize that they are all more than their respective stereotypes , while facing a strict disciplinarian . The film premiered in Los Angeles on February 7 , 1985 . Universal Pictures released the film in cinemas in the United States on February 15 , 1985 . It received critical acclaim and earned $ 51.5 million on a $ 1 million budget . Critics consider it one of the greatest high school films of all time , as well as one of Hughes ' most memorable and recognizable works . The media referred to the film 's five main actors as members of a group called the `` Brat Pack '' . The title comes from the nickname invented by students and staff for morning detention at New Trier High School , the school attended by the son of one of John Hughes ' friends . Thus , those who were sent to detention before school starting time were designated members of `` The Breakfast Club '' . In 2016 , the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . The film was digitally remastered and was re-screened throughout 430 theaters in celebration of its 30th anniversary in 2015 .
Wimbledon Mens Players \| Mens Singles Champions \| Andy Murray \| Roger Federer Mens Players Wimbledon Mens Singles We take a look at the mens singles competition, providing background and chances of the players for the 2011 tournament at the All England Club. Many Tennis fans would argue that Wimbledon is the toughest of the four majors to win as it is the only one played on a grass surface. The winner must therefore be versatile in handling the different challenges that playing on grass poses. Please check here for details of the 2010 Wimbledon mens seedings . The 2011 Men’s singles at Wimbledon promises yet again to be as exciting as ever with Roger Federer favourite in the Wimbledon mens singles betting to win the crown once again afre beating Andy Roddick last year. Nadal’s victory in 2008 prevented Federer from becoming the first man in Wimbledon history to record six straight wins, he will be back at SW19 for the first time since and desperate to regain his crown. In some media circles Federer was being written off last year, but he came back to the top when he won the US Open Tennis for the fifth straight year, defeating Britain's Andy Murray in the final. He then lost to Nadal in the Australian Open final in another five set epic, before achieving his greatest moment in tennis, when he won the French Open title for the first time. That win gave him a record equalling fourteen Grand Slams a record he shares with, Sampras and he also became the first man since Andre Agassi to win all four Grand Slam titles. We think that Federer should win once more this year but the following players all have chances Robin Soderling Fred Perry - The last British Mens Single Champion Fred Perry was the last British mens single champion at Wimbledon when he won the title for the third and final time in 1936. Perry, had won the previous two mens singles titles at the 1934 and 1935 Championship and despite being some years ago reports suggest that he was one of the greatest ever Wimbledon champions. Can Scot, Andy Murray emulate the great man this year? Murray has been in outstanding form this year and won the the title at Queens Club last week. He has shot up to number three in the world rankings and is third favourite to win in the mens singles betting. He reached the quarter finals last year where he was beaten by Rafa Nadal. Tim Henman remains the only British player to get to the semi finals in recent years, he achieved this four times in total. Modern Era Mens Wimbledon Champions In recent years, some of the biggest names in mens Tennis have lifted the famous Mens Singles trophy. Four times champion Rod Laver was the first male to claim the title in the open era in 1968 and 1969. Fellow Australian John Newcombe won back to back championships in 1970 and 1971 before Bjorn Borg won four consecutive titles between 1976 - 79. During the 80s, the Wimbledon mens singles title was won by great names such as John McEnroe, Boris Becker and Stefan Edberg, all who won the title on more than one occasion during the decade. American great Pete Sampras dominated the title in the 90s winning the mens singles crown a total of seven times between 1993 and 2000, only Richard Krajicek stopped him from winning a Wimbledon record eight straight titles. In recent years, the mens singles game has been all about Roger Federer who has won the last four Wimbledon mens singles championships and the Swiss star shows no signs of slowing down his dominance of the mens game. Past Wimbledon Mens Singles Winners 1980 B. Borg (Sweeden)
Victoria married her first cousin, Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, in 1840. Their nine children married into royal and noble families across the continent, tying them together and earning her the sobriquet "the grandmother of Europe". After Albert's death in 1861, Victoria plunged into deep mourning and avoided public appearances. As a result of her seclusion, republicanism temporarily gained strength, but in the latter half of her reign her popularity recovered. Her Golden and Diamond Jubilees were times of public celebration.
As of 2009, dial up, wireless and satellite services were available. Dial up internet services in Somalia were among the fastest growing on the continent, with an annual landline growth rate of over 12.5%. The increase in usage was largely due to innovative policy initiatives adopted by the various Somali telecom operators, including free local in-town calls, a flat rate of $10 per month for unlimited calls, a low charge of $0.005 per minute for Internet connections, and a one-time connection fee of $50. Global Internet Company, a firm jointly owned by the major Somali telecommunication networks Hormuud Telecom, Telcom Somalia and Nationlink, was the country's largest ISP. It was at the time the only provider of dial up services in Somalia's south-central regions. In the northern Puntland and Somaliland regions, online networks offered internet dial up services to their own group of subscribers. Among these firms was Golis Telecom Somalia in the northeast and Telesom in the northwest.
Definition. A noun is traditionally defined as the part of speech (or word class) that names or identifies a person, place, thing, quality, or activity.Adjective: nominal. Most nouns have both a singular and plural form, can be preceded by an article and/or one or more adjectives, and can serve as the head of a noun phrase.efinition. A noun is traditionally defined as the part of speech (or word class) that names or identifies a person, place, thing, quality, or activity.
Emily Prentiss In the season seven finale, Prentiss receives an offer to run Interpol's London office. While still pondering her decision on the offer, Prentiss decides to leave the BAU. In the season eight premiere, Morgan and Garcia mention seeing her while they were in London and that Emily is doing fine.
Poland -LRB- Polska -LSB- ˈpɔlska -RSB- -RRB- , officially the Republic of Poland -LRB- -LSB- Rzeczpospolita Polska , links = no -RSB- , -RRB- , is a parliamentary republic in Central Europe . Poland is a unitary state divided into 16 administrative subdivisions , covering an area of 312679 km2 with a mostly temperate climate . With a population of over 38.5 million people , Poland is the sixth most populous member state of the European Union . Poland 's capital and largest city is Warsaw . Other cities include Kraków , Wrocław , Poznań , Gdańsk and Szczecin . The establishment of a Polish state can be traced back to 966 , when Mieszko I , ruler of a territory roughly coextensive with that of present-day Poland , converted to Christianity . The Kingdom of Poland was founded in 1025 , and in 1569 it cemented a longstanding political association with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by signing the Union of Lublin . This union formed the Polish -- Lithuanian Commonwealth , one of the largest and most populous countries of 16th and 17th century Europe with a uniquely liberal political system which declared Europe 's first constitution . Following the partitions of Poland at the end of the 18th century , Poland regained its independence in 1918 with the Treaty of Versailles . In September 1939 , World War II started with the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany , followed by the Soviet Union invading Poland in accordance with the Molotov -- Ribbentrop Pact . More than six million of Poland 's citizens died in the war . After World War II , the Polish People 's Republic was established as a satellite state under Soviet influence . In the aftermath of the Revolutions of 1989 , most notably through the emergence of the Solidarity movement , Poland established itself as a democratic republic . Poland is the eighth largest and one of the most dynamic economies in the European Union , simultaneously achieving a `` very high '' ranking on the Human Development Index . Additionally , the Polish Stock Exchange in Warsaw is the largest and most important in Central and Eastern Europe . Poland is a developed and democratic country , with a high-income economy , and a very high standard of living . It also ranks very highly in education , safety and economic freedom . According to the World Bank , Poland has one of the best educational systems in Europe , placing it among the most educated nations . The country provides free university education , state-funded social security and a universal health care system for all citizens . Situated between Eastern and Western European cultures and coined by a changing history , Poland developed a rich cultural heritage , including numerous historical monuments and 14 UNESCO World Heritage Sites . It is visited by approximately 16 million tourists every year -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , making it the 16th most visited country in the world . Poland is a member state of the European Union , the Schengen Area , the United Nations , NATO and the OECD .
Alex O'Loughlin Alex O'Loughlin /oʊˈlɒklɪn/ (born 24 August 1976) is an Australian actor and director, who plays Lieutenant Commander Steve McGarrett on CBS' remake of the TV series Hawaii Five-0. He had starring roles in the films Oyster Farmer (2004) and The Back-up Plan (2010), as well as on such television series as Moonlight (2008) and Three Rivers (2009).
What Is the Function of Endosperm in a Seed? Science Biology Botany Q: What Is the Function of Endosperm in a Seed? A: Quick Answer The endosperm serves as a source of nutrition for a plant embryo in a seed, somewhat analogous to the yolk of an egg for an animal embryo. It is actually, in a sense, a separate organism, with a genetic code from the combination of two different cells than the gametes that created the embryo. The endosperm is of crucial economic and nutritional performance for the vast majority of humanity. Continue Reading Keep Learning What Are the Three Parts of a Seed? How Do Seeds Germinate? What Is Inside a Seed? Full Answer The endosperm is a type of energy and nutrient storage for a growing embryo in a plant seed. Since the seed does not start with leaves or roots, it can neither gather energy from the sun nor nutrients from the soil. Thus, the first part of its growth is fueled entirely by the endosperm. The endosperm is solely a feature of flowering plants, or angiosperms. Other types of plant use different strategies to start their seeds out in life. Humans make use of the endosperms of various plants, and these plants constitute the majority of calories consumed by modern humans. The majority of any grain humans eat is endosperm tissue. Flour is made from ground wheat endosperm, and white rice is the pure starchy endosperm of rice seeds. All the edible tissue of a coconut, including the liquid at the center, is endosperm tissue. Learn more about Botany Sources: britannica.com botany.org Related Questions Q: What Is the Purpose of the Cotyledon in a Seed? A: The cotyledon, which forms in the embryo of a seed before germination, stores food for the embryo. Along with the endosperm, the cotyledon nourishes the ne... Full Answer >Filed Under: Botany Q: What Are Some Differences Between Monocot and Dicot Seeds? A: A monocot seed has an embryo with a single cotyledon, and a dicot seed has an embryo with two cotyledons. Monocots have stem vascular systems with their bu... Full Answer >Filed Under: Botany Q: What Is the Life Cycle of a Pumpkin? A: A pumpkin begins life as a seed, which holds an embryo. If the seed is planted and watered, it germinates into a seedling, which grows into a vine with mal... Full Answer >Filed Under: Botany Q: What Is a Flower Ovule? A: A flower ovule is the plant structure containing the embryo sac. It is the basis of the female reproductive system for a flower, and it is one part of the ... Full Answer >Filed Under: Botany You May Also Like Q: What Is a Dragon Fruit Tree? Q: Do Plants Have an Excretory System? Q: What Is Mycelium? Q: What Are Phytosterols? Q: What Are Some Pros and Cons of Plant Cloning? Q: What Is Fatsia Japonica?
The Proms The Proms 2008/9 Schools Wikipedia Selection . Related subjects: Musical genres, styles, eras and events A Promenade concert in the Royal Albert Hall, 2004. The bust of Henry Wood can be seen in front of the organ The Proms (also more formally known as The BBC Proms, or The Henry Wood Promenade Concerts presented by the BBC) is an eight-week summer season of daily orchestral classical music concerts and other events held annually, predominantly in the Royal Albert Hall in South Kensington, London , United Kingdom . Founded in 1895, each season now consists of over 70 concerts in the Albert Hall, a series of eight chamber concerts and four Saturday Matinees at Cadogan Hall, additional Proms in the Park events across the United Kingdom on the Last Night and associated educational and children's events. It is the biggest classical music festival in the world. Proms is short for promenade concerts. The term promenade concert arose from the original practice of audience members promenading, or strolling, in some areas of the concert hall during the concert. Promming now refers to the use of the standing areas inside the hall (the arena and gallery) for which ticket prices are much lower than for the reserved seating. Single concert promming tickets can be purchased, with few exceptions, only on the day of the concert, which can give rise to long queues for well-known artists or works. Prommers can purchase full or half season tickets instead for guaranteed entry, although not guaranteed standing position. A number of Prommers are particularly keen in their attendance, and see it as a badge of honour to achieve the "Grand Slam" of attending every concert of the season. In 1997 one programme in the BBC documentary series "Modern Times" covered this dedicated following. History Although earlier promenade concert series had previously existed, the first Proms concert was held on 10 August 1895 in the Queen's Hall in Langham Place and was arranged by Robert Newman. Newman's idea was to encourage an audience who, though not normally attending classical concerts, would be attracted by the low ticket prices and more informal atmosphere (in addition to promenading, eating, drinking and smoking were all allowed). However, it is the conductor Henry Joseph Wood whose name is most closely associated with the concerts. As conductor from that first concert, Wood was largely responsible for expanding the repertoire heard in later concerts, such that by the 1920s the concerts had grown from being made up of largely more popular, less demanding works, to presenting music by contemporary composers such as Claude Debussy, Richard Strauss and Ralph Vaughan Williams . A bronze bust of Wood, belonging to the Royal Academy of Music, is placed in front of the Organ for the whole season. While now known as BBC Proms, the text on the tickets (along with the headline BBC Proms next to the BBC Logo), still says BBC Music presents the Henry Wood Promenade Concerts. In 1927, the BBC — later based at Broadcasting House opposite the hall — took over the running of the concerts, and when the BBC Symphony Orchestra was formed in 1930 it became the main orchestra for the concerts. At this time the season consisted of nights dedicated to particular composers; Mondays were Wagner , Fridays were Beethoven with other major composers being featured on other days. There were no Sunday performances. However, with the outbreak of World War II in 1939, the BBC withdrew its support. The Proms continued though, under private sponsorship, until the Queen's Hall was gutted by an air raid in 1941 (its site is now the St George's Hotel and BBC Henry Wood House). The following year, the Proms moved to their current home, the Royal Albert Hall, and the BBC took over once more. In 1944 however increased danger to the Royal Albert Hall from bombing meant that the Proms moved again to the Bedford Corn Exchange. This venue had been the home of the BBC Symphony Orchestra since 1941 and played host to the Proms until the end of the war. From the 1950s, the number of guest o
Mr. Bigglesworth \| Austin Powers \| Fandom powered by Wikia Share Mr. Bigglesworth is the hairless pet cat of Douglas Powers in the Austin Powers movie series. He was originally a long-haired white Persian cat like the one constantly held by villain Ernst Stavro Blofeld of the James Bond series. Along with Dr. Evil , Mr. Bigglesworth was forced into a hasty escape in a cryogenic capsule. All of his hair had fallen out during the process rendering him permanently bald. Mr. Bigglesworth is played by a champion purebred hairless Sphynx cat (despite their name Sphynx cats come from Toronto, not Egypt) named SGC Belfry Ted Nude-Gent, bred by Michelle Berge of Belfry Cattery. Ted Nude-Gent is also something of a cinematic pioneer, having been cast in a role more suitable for a dog due to the necessary training deemed impossible to do with a cat; Sphinxes are among the most easily trained of all cats and among the most sociable. Filming of the three Austin Powers films was delayed more than once because of Ted's particular fondness for Mike Myers , upon whose lap he would often be found sleeping. Dr. Evil's miniature clone Mini-Me has a tiny version appropriately named "Mini Mr. Bigglesworth." Three Sphinx kittens named Mel Gibskin, Paul Nudeman and Skindiana Jones were cast in the role. Dr. Evil: That makes me angry. And when Dr. Evil gets angry, Mr. Bigglesworth gets upset. (Meow) And when Mr. Bigglesworth gets upset people die!
Ubisoft Entertainment SA -LRB- formerly Ubi Soft Entertainment Software -RRB- , doing business as Ubisoft -LRB- formerly Ubi Soft -RRB- , is a French multinational video game publisher , headquartered in Rennes , France . It is known for developing games for several acclaimed video game franchises including Assassin 's Creed , Far Cry , Just Dance , Prince of Persia , Rayman , and Tom Clancy 's .
snuffleupagus Home Dictionary Definitions snuffleupagus LINK / CITE ADD TO FLASH CARDSsnuffleupagus Proper noun A fictional character from the television series Sesame Street, resembling a woolly mammoth without tusks, who until the show's 17th season could only be seen by Big Bird. English Wiktionary. Available under CC-BY-SA license. How would you define snuffleupagus? Add your definition here. Sorry, the browser you are using is not currently supported. Disqus actively supports the following browsers: Firefox Chrome Internet Explorer 11+Safari Words near snuffleupagus in the dictionarysnuffledsnufflersnufflerssnufflessnuffleupagussnuffliersnuffliestsnufflinesssnufflingsnufflings
Francis Hutcheson, a moral philosopher, described the utilitarian and consequentialist principle that virtue is that which provides, in his words, "the greatest happiness for the greatest numbers". Much of what is incorporated in the scientific method (the nature of knowledge, evidence, experience, and causation) and some modern attitudes towards the relationship between science and religion were developed by his protégés David Hume and Adam Smith. Hume became a major figure in the skeptical philosophical and empiricist traditions of philosophy.
Victor Cruz injury: What is a torn patellar tendon? How serious is it? What is the treatment? New York Giants Victor Cruz injury: What is a torn patellar tendon? How serious is it? What is the treatment? Updated on October 13, 2014 at 10:10 AM Posted on October 12, 2014 at 10:52 PMVictor Cruz Giants wide receiver Victor Cruz holds his knee after going down while chasing a pass against the Philadelphia Eagles during the second half of an NFL football game, Sunday, Oct. 12, 2014, in Philadelphia. (AP Photo/Matt Rourke)By Kevin Manahankmanahan@njadvancemedia.com,NJ Advance Media for NJ.com PHILADELPHIA — Giants wide receiver Victor Cruz suffered a torn patellar tendon in the third quarter of Sunday night's game against the Eagles at Lincoln Financial Field. (See the video here. )Cruz suffered the injury while leaping for a pass in the end zone. He grabbed his knee while still in the air as Eli Manning's pass fell incomplete with the Giants trailing 20-0. Eagles and Giants players knelt around Cruz in the end zone as the medical staff attended to him. Cruz was sobbing as he was carted off the field, with fans cheering their support for the popular receiver. He will be lost for the season. Here's what orthopedics.about.com says about a torn patellar tendon: The injury The patellar tendon is the structure that connects the kneecap (patella) to the shin bone (tibia). Technically, a ligament is structure that connects bone to bone, and therefore some people refer to this structure as the patellar ligament. However, this structure is really connecting the quadriceps muscle to the shin bone, and a tendon connects muscle to bone, and therefore patellar tendon is the more common description. The patellar tendon is an important part of the extensor mechanism of the lower extremity. The extensor mechanism includes the quadricps muscle, quadriceps tendon, patella (kneecap), and patellar tendon. These structures allow the knee to straighten, and can do so with significant strength. How it usually happens Typically the injury involves an awkward landing from a jumping position where the quadriceps muscle is contracting, but the knee is being forcefully straightened. Mayo Foundation Treatment A torn patellar tendon does not heal well on its own, and left untreated will lead to weakness of the quadriceps muscle and difficulty with routine activities, including walking. Surgery to repair the torn tendon is relatively straightforward in concept, but can be difficult to perform. Recovery and prognosis Recovering from a torn patellar tendon is difficult and takes time. One of the most important prognostic factors for recovery is the time to surgery, and surgery delayed beyond a few weeks can limit recovery ability. It is known that early mobility after surgery, protected strengthening, and preventing excessive stress on the repair will speed overall recovery. Even with these steps, there is a minimum of 3 months until return of normal daily activities, and 4-6 months until sports should be resumed. While most people heal completely from a patellar tendon surgery, there can be long-term weakness even with a successful repair. The torn ends of the tendon need to be sewn together. The difficulty lies in the fact that it is important to restore proper tension to the tendon, not making it too tight or too loose. Also, it can be difficult to get a good repair, especially if the tendon has torn directly off the bone. In these situations, the sutures used to repair the tendon may have to be attached through the bone. Rehab is lengthy for patella tendon repair. Minimum 6 weeks to even bend knee. Start run at 6 months. Long road. 2015 season. #victorcruz— David J. Chao, MD (@Pro Football Doc) October 13, 2014When I was in @NFL, contributed cases to study by @Broncos docs that showed players usually recover next season after patella tendon tear.— David J. Chao, MD (@Pro Football Doc) October 13, 2014403 Forbidden Kevin Manahan may be reached at kmanahan@njadvancemedia.com. Follow him on Twitter@Kevin CManahan. Find NJ.com on Facebook. View Comments
Lisa Olivia Munn -LRB- born July 3 , 1980 -RRB- is an American actress and model . She was credited as Lisa Munn in her early career , but since 2006 , she has used the name Olivia Munn . Munn began her professional career in television journalism before becoming an actress . In 2006 , Munn starred as Mily Acuna on the series Beyond the Break . She co-hosted Attack of the Show ! from 2006 to 2010 and was a correspondent on The Daily Show from 2010 to 2011 . Munn has also had supporting roles in various films and television series since 2004 . She played the character Sloan Sabbith on the television series The Newsroom from 2012 to 2014 and appeared in the film X-Men : Apocalypse -LRB- 2016 -RRB- as Psylocke .
Translate 108 languages<br>#9 in Reference4.6 • 21.2K RatingsFree<br>Screenshots<br>• Text translation: Translate between 108 languages by typing<br>• Offline: Translate with no internet connection (59 languages)<br>• Instant camera translation: Translate text in images instantly by just pointing your camera (94 languages)<br>• Photos: Take or import photos for higher quality translations (90 languages)<br>• Conversations: Translate bilingual conversations on the fly (71 languages)<br>• Handwriting: Draw text characters instead of typing (96 languages)<br>• Phrasebook: Star and save translated words and phrases for future reference (all languages)<br>Permissions Notice<br>• Microphone for speech translation<br>• Camera for translating text via the camera<br>• Photos for importing photos from your library<br>Translations between the following languages are supported:<br>Afrikaans, Albanian, Amharic, Arabic, Armenian, Azerbaijani, Basque, Belarusian, Bengali, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Catalan,
Hubert Horatio Humphrey Jr. -LRB- May 27 , 1911January 13 , 1978 -RRB- was an American politician who served as the 38th Vice President of the United States under President Lyndon B. Johnson from 1965 to 1969 . Humphrey twice served in the United States Senate , representing Minnesota from 1949 to 1964 and 1971 to 1978 . He was the nominee of the Democratic Party in the 1968 presidential election , losing to the Republican nominee Richard M. Nixon . Born in Wallace , South Dakota in 1911 , Humphrey attended the University of Minnesota before earning his pharmacist license from the Capitol College of Pharmacy in 1931 . He helped run his father 's pharmacy until 1937 when he returned to academia , graduating with a master 's degree from Louisiana State University in 1940 , where he was a political science instructor . He returned to Minnesota during World War II and became a supervisor for the Works Progress Administration . He was then appointed state director of the Minnesota war service program before becoming the assistant director of the War Manpower Commission . In 1943 , Humphrey became a professor of Political Science at Macalester College and ran a failed campaign for mayor of Minneapolis . Humphrey helped found the Minnesota Democratic -- Farmer -- Labor Party -LRB- DFL -RRB- in 1944 , and in 1945 , became the DFL candidate for mayor of Minneapolis for a second time , winning with 61 % of the vote . Humphrey served as mayor from 1945 to 1948 , he was reelected and became the co-founder of the liberal anti-communist group Americans for Democratic Action in 1947 . Humphrey was elected to the Senate in 1948 , the year his proposal of ending racial segregation was included in the party platform at the Democratic National Convention , where he gave one of his most notable speeches on the convention floor , suggesting the Democratic Party `` walk into the sunshine of human rights . '' He served three terms in the Senate from 1949 to 1964 and was the Democratic Majority Whip from 1961 to 1964 . During his tenure , Humphrey was the lead author of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 , introduced the first initiative to create the Peace Corps , sponsored the clause of the McCarran Act to threaten concentration camps for ` subversives ' , proposed making Communist Party membership a felony and chaired the Select Committee on Disarmament . Humphrey ran for two failed Presidential campaigns in the 1952 and 1960 Democratic primaries . After Lyndon B. Johnson inherited the presidency after John F. Kennedy 's assassination in November 1963 , he chose Humphrey to be his running mate in 1964 against Republican Barry Goldwater and the Democratic ticket was elected in a landslide in 1964 . After Johnson made the surprise announcement that he would not seek reelection in March 1968 , Humphrey launched his campaign for the presidency the following month . Humphrey 's main Democratic challengers were anti-Vietnam War Senators Eugene McCarthy and Robert F. Kennedy . Humphrey , who was loyal to the Johnson administration 's policies on the Vietnam War as Vice President , saw opposition from many within his own party and avoided the primaries to focus on receiving the delegates of non-primary states at the Democratic Convention . Humphrey 's delegate strategy succeeded in clinching the nomination , choosing Senator Edmund Muskie as his running mate . With the assassination of civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. and the assassination of Robert Kennedy that year , and heightened opposition to the Vietnam War , the convention saw major protests which later proved costly to Humphrey 's campaign . On November 5 , 1968 , Humphrey lost to former Vice President Richard Nixon in the general election . Humphrey then returned to teaching in Minnesota before returning to the Senate in 1971 . He became the first Deputy President pro tempore of the United States Senate and served until his death in 1978 . Humphrey died of bladder cancer at his home in Waverly , Minnesota , and is buried at the Lakewood Cemetery in Minneapolis . He was succeeded by his wife of 41 years Muriel Humphrey as interim Senator for Minnesota .
Rafael `` Rafa '' Nadal Parera -LRB- -LSB- rəfəˈɛɫ nəˈðaɫ pəˈɾeɾə -RSB- , -LSB- rafaˈel naˈðal paˈɾeɾa -RSB- ; born 3 June 1986 -RRB- is a Spanish professional tennis player . He is widely regarded as the greatest clay-court player in history , and owing to his dominance and success on the surface , he has been called `` The King of Clay '' . His evolution into an all-court threat has established him as one of the greatest players in tennis history , with some considering Nadal to be the greatest male player of all time . Nadal has won 14 Grand Slam singles titles , the 2008 Olympic gold medal in singles , an all-time record of 30 ATP World Tour Masters 1000 titles , tied with Novak Djokovic , and a record 18 ATP World Tour 500 tournaments . He was also a member of the winning Spain Davis Cup team in 2004 , 2008 , 2009 , and 2011 . In 2010 , he became the seventh male player in history and youngest of four in the Open Era to achieve the Career Grand Slam at age 24 . He is the second male player , after Andre Agassi , to complete the singles Career Golden Slam . In 2011 , Nadal was named the Laureus World Sportsman of the Year . The left-hander is the sixth player in the Open Era to reach more than 100 finals on the ATP World Tour . Nadal and Mats Wilander are the only two male players who have won at least two Grand Slam titles on three different surfaces -- hard court , grass , and clay . By winning the 2014 French Open , Nadal became the third player to win a single Grand Slam tournament nine times -LRB- Martina Navratilova 9 , Margaret Court 11 -RRB- and the first male to win at least one Grand Slam tournament for ten consecutive years , breaking the record of eight consecutive years previously shared by Björn Borg , Pete Sampras , and Roger Federer . By winning the Monte-Carlo Masters in 2012 , Nadal became the only male player in the open era to win a tournament eight consecutive times . Nadal is the only male player in tennis history to win one Grand Slam and at least one Masters 1000 title for ten consecutive years from 2005 -- 2014 . He beat Guillermo Vilas 's Open Era record of 49 clay-court titles by winning the Monte-Carlo Masters in 2017 . Nadal became the first man to win the same tournament 10 times by wining the Monte-Carlo Masters in 2017 . He repeated this historic achievement by winning the Barcelona Open Banco Sabadell for a 10th time just a few weeks later .
George Simon Kaufman (November 16, 1889 – June 2, 1961) was an American playwright, theatre director and producer, humorist, and drama critic. In addition to comedies and political satire, he wrote several musicals, notably for the Marx Brothers. One play and one musical that he wrote won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama: "You Can't Take It with You" (1937, with Moss Hart), and "Of Thee I Sing" (1932, with Morrie Ryskind and Ira Gershwin). He also won the Tony Award as a Director, for the musical "Guys and Dolls".
The winter vacation of Aligarh Muslim University has been extended. The university was scheduled to open on January 6. No new date has been given. On December 15, the winter vacation was advanced by a week and hostels were vacated after several students were injured in a clash with the police after a protest against the Citizenship (Amendment) Act allegedly turned violent. An official statement from the public relations office of AMU said due to overall prevailing situation, winter vacation of Aligarh Muslim University for students as well as for the teaching staff, had been extended and the university would not be opening on January 6, 2020. The decision was taken at a consultative meeting of the Deans of Faculties, Principals of Colleges and Polytechnics and other functionaries of the university under the chairmanship of AMU Vice-Chancellor Professor Tariq Mansoor on Wednesday. “A detailed schedule for opening of the university in a phased manner, the conduct of remaining examinations which could not be held in December 2019, commencement of classes for the next semester and the duration of the summer vacation shall be notified by the university in due course of time so that there is no academic loss to the students,” said Mujib Ullah Zuberi, Controller of Examination. He added that students are advised to regularly visit the university website. Sources said the university administration was waiting for the situation to defuse. “There are 10 thousand non-resident students, many of whom are still carrying on peaceful protest. Many resident students didn’t leave the city and continued to stay with their friends,” said a source requesting anonymity. Over 60 injured Over 60 people, including 40 students, AMU security staff and policemen, were injured in the violence. At least four students who received serious injuries are still being treated. A number of injured students had alleged that police and the Rapid Action Police indulged in excesses. Police have booked 56 persons, including a number of students, for holding a protest which later turned violent. (With PTI inputs)
Hurricane Ivan was a large, long-lived, Cape Verde-type hurricane that caused widespread damage in the Caribbean and United States. The cyclone was the ninth named storm, the sixth hurricane and the fourth major hurricane of the active 2004 Atlantic hurricane season. Ivan formed in early September, and reached Category 5 strength on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale. Ivan also spawned more tornadoes than any other hurricane in the Atlantic basin.
What is a Hepatobiliary Scan (HIDA or DISIDA Scan)? Hepatobiliary scan is a nuclear medicine procedure that demonstrates gallbladder function. You will be injected with a small amount of radioactive tracer. While lying flat on the table, the camera will be positioned over your chest and abdomen. Periodic images will be taken.
The Incas were a civilization in South America formed by ethnic Quechua people also known as Amerindians. In 1400AD they were a small highland tribe, one hundred years later in the early 16th century the Incas rose to conquer and control the largest empire ever seen in the Americas forming the great Inca Empire.
Keith Lionel Urban -LRB- born 26 October 1967 -RRB- is a New Zealand-born Australian country musician . In 1991 , he released a self-titled debut album and charted four singles in Australia before moving to the United States the following year . He found work as a session guitarist before starting a band known as The Ranch , which recorded one studio album on Capitol Nashville and charted two singles on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart . Still signed to Capitol , Urban made his solo American debut in 1999 with a second eponymous album . Certified platinum in the US , it produced his first number one on Hot Country Songs with `` But for the Grace of God '' . `` Somebody Like You '' , the first single from his second Capitol album , Golden Road -LRB- 2002 -RRB- , was named by Billboard as the biggest country hit of the 2000s decade . The album 's fourth single , `` You 'll Think of Me '' , earned him his first Grammy . 2004 's Be Here , his third American album , produced three more number 1 singles and became his highest-selling album , earning 4 × Platinum certification . Love , Pain & the Whole Crazy Thing was released in 2006 , containing `` Once in a Lifetime '' as well as his second Grammy song , `` Stupid Boy '' . A greatest hits package entitled Greatest Hits : 18 Kids followed in late 2007 . Defying Gravity and Get Closer were released on 31 March 2009 and 16 November 2010 , respectively . In September 2013 , he released a brand new album titled Fuse , which produced four more number ones on the Country Airplay chart , two of which are duets -- one with Miranda Lambert and the other with Eric Church . A new single , entitled `` John Cougar , John Deere , John 3:16 '' , was released in June 2015 as the lead-off single to his eighth American studio album Ripcord . The album later produced the Country Airplay number one hits '' Break on Me '' , `` Wasted Time '' and `` Blue Ai n't Your Color '' , with the latter also becoming Urban 's longest reigning number one on the Hot Country Songs chart spending twelve weeks at number one . Urban has released a total of nine studio albums -LRB- one of which was released only in the United Kingdom -RRB- , as well as one album with The Ranch . He has charted 37 singles on the US Hot Country Songs , 18 of which went to number one , counting a duet with Brad Paisley and the 2008 single `` You Look Good in My Shirt '' , which he previously recorded on Golden Road . Those also include his third Grammy Award-winning single `` Sweet Thing '' from his album Defying Gravity . Urban is also known for his roles as a coach on the Australian version of the singing competition The Voice and as a judge on American Idol . Since 2006 , he has been married to actress Nicole Kidman . In October 2013 , Urban introduced his own signature line of guitars and accessories .
The Lost Village The Lost Village Castlevania: Dawn of Sorrow Opening stage in Dawn of Sorrow Enemy Enemy Data Dialogue Dialogue page Environment Town Music Pitch Black Intrusion Beginning ( Julius Mode)◄ Previous Stage Next Stage ►N/AWizardry Lab The Lost Village is a location and the opening stage of Castlevania: Dawn of Sorrow . Contents [ show]Overview Edit A snow covered village in front of the castle. The different buildings are accessible by rope and wood bridges. Unlike other areas, this one is modern-day, sporting vehicles and streetlamps. In this place, Soma can advance on the roofs and the streets. Soma can enter the Wizardry Lab via a secret passageway by draining the castle moat from here, though this place also connects to the Demon Guest House 's main entrance via the drawbridge, and upper Demon Guest House via the secret puzzle area. Gallery Edit The Lost Village Map Edit Background music Edit CASTLEVANIA -DAWN OF SORROW- ORIGINAL SOUNDTRACK- 05 Pitch Black Intrusion Soma Mode: Pitch Black Intrusion CASTLEVANIA -DAWN OF SORROW- ORIGINAL SOUNDTRACK- 25 BIGINNINGJulius Mode: Beginning Trivia Edit The sprites for Wygol Village in Castlevania: Order of Ecclesia resemble that of the Lost Village, implying that the former was the Lost Village back in the early 1800s. External links Edit IGN Guide - Source for the castle map. Castlevania Realm - Source for the images. Castlevania: Dawn of Sorrow Characters Protagonists Soma Cruz - Mina Hakuba - Julius Belmont - Yoko Belnades - Genya Arikado ( Alucard) - Hammer Antagonists Celia Fortner - Dario Bossi - Dmitrii Blinov - Soma Cruz (Julius mode)Bosses Flying Armor - Balore - Malphas - Puppet Master - Rahab - Gergoth - Zephyr - Bat Company Paranoia - Aguni - Abaddon - Death - Menace Areas The Lost Village - Wizardry Lab - Garden of Madness - The Dark Chapel - Demon Guest House - Condemned Tower Cursed Clock Tower - Subterranean Hell - Silenced Ruins - The Pinnacle - Mine of Judgment - The Abyss Music Castlevania: Aria of Sorrow & Castlevania: Dawn of Sorrow Original Soundtrack Guides Double Jump Books Dawn of Sorrow Official Strategy Guide Konami Akumajō Dracula: Sōgetsu no Jūjika Official Guide Archives Bestiary - Inventory - Julius Mode - Voice Translations Start a Discussion Discussions about The Lost Village How to break secret floors?4 messages Dog The Humanyeah sorry,I playing Do S,thanks for the help 2013-12-27T19:32:14ZSonnie460Axes work the best for me when breaking the floors in Do S, I'm not sure if other weapons work, but try an axe, because the weapon has... 2014-01-01T01:19:46ZSee more discussions >
In the Yoma tractate of the Babylonian Talmud the name Gomer is rendered as Germania, which elsewhere in rabbinical literature was identified with Germanikia in northwestern Syria, but later became associated with Germania. Ashkenaz is linked to Scandza/Scanzia, viewed as the cradle of Germanic tribes, as early as a 6th-century gloss to the Historia Ecclesiastica of Eusebius. In the 10th-century History of Armenia of Yovhannes Drasxanakertc'i (1.15) Ashkenaz was associated with Armenia, as it was occasionally in Jewish usage, where its denotation extended at times to Adiabene, Khazaria, Crimea and areas to the east. His contemporary Saadia Gaon identified Ashkenaz with the Saquliba or Slavic territories, and such usage covered also the lands of tribes neighboring the Slavs, and Eastern and Central Europe. In modern times, Samuel Krauss identified the Biblical "Ashkenaz" with Khazaria.
The major and native language spoken in the Punjab is Punjabi (which is written in a Shahmukhi script in Pakistan) and Punjabis comprise the largest ethnic group in country. Punjabi is the provincial language of Punjab. There is not a single district in the province where Punjabi language is mother-tongue of less than 89% of population. The language is not given any official recognition in the Constitution of Pakistan at the national level. Punjabis themselves are a heterogeneous group comprising different tribes, clans (Urdu: برادری‎) and communities. In Pakistani Punjab these tribes have more to do with traditional occupations such as blacksmiths or artisans as opposed to rigid social stratifications. Punjabi dialects spoken in the province include Majhi (Standard), Saraiki and Hindko. Saraiki is mostly spoken in south Punjab, and Pashto, spoken in some parts of north west Punjab, especially in Attock District and Mianwali District.
1 When your baby is getting sleepy, put your baby in his or her crib in a quiet, darkened room. 2 This will help your baby learn to go to sleep in his or her crib. 3 Don't rock your baby to sleep after about age 4 to 6 months. 4 Rock your baby, but lay the baby down to sleep while he or she is drowsy but still awake. Give your baby a bath, sing lullabies, read a book, or tell a story. 2 These activities can help your baby relax. 3 They also signal that it is time to sleep. 4 Don't get your baby excited with active play right before sleep. 5 When your baby is getting sleepy, put your baby in his or her crib in a quiet, darkened room.
Jon Snow is a fictional character in the A Song of Ice and Fire series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin , and its television adaptation Game of Thrones . He is a prominent point of view character in the novels , and has been called one of the author 's `` finest creations '' and most popular characters by The New York Times . Jon is a main character in the TV series , and his storyline in the 2015 season 5 finale generated a strong reaction among viewers . Speculation about the character 's parentage has also been a popular topic of discussion among fans of both the books and the TV series . Jon is introduced in 1996 's A Game of Thrones as the illegitimate son of Ned Stark , the honorable lord of Winterfell , an ancient fortress in the North of the fictional kingdom of Westeros . Knowing his prospects are limited by his status , Jon joins the Night 's Watch , who guard the far northern borders from the wildlings who live beyond The Wall . As the rest of the Starks face grave adversity , Jon finds himself honor bound to remain with the Watch . In A Clash of Kings -LRB- 1998 -RRB- , he joins a scouting party investigating the growing threat from the otherworldly `` Others '' beyond the Wall , and manages to infiltrate the wildlings . Jon learns of their plans to invade Westeros in A Storm of Swords -LRB- 2000 -RRB- , and begins to fall in love with the fierce wildling woman Ygritte . He betrays them -- and Ygritte -- before they can attack , but the Night Watch 's victory comes at a heavy price for Jon . Now the Lord Commander of the Watch , he appears briefly in 2005 's A Feast for Crows . Jon returns as a prominent character in a A Dance with Dragons -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , working to negotiate an alliance between the Night 's Watch and the wildlings . The growing animosity he has attracted from among the Watch finally catches up with him , and he is forced to face the dire consequences . Jon is portrayed by Kit Harington on the HBO series Game of Thrones . His storyline follows the character 's plot arc from the novel series , though season 6 of the TV adaptation continued on from the events of Martin 's latest published installment . Harington was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series for the role in 2016 . He was also nominated for a Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor on Television in 2012 and 2016 . He and the rest of the cast were nominated for Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series in 2012 , 2014 , 2015 and 2016 .
Tramadol (marketed as Ultram, and as generics) is an opioid pain medication used to treat moderate to moderately severe pain. When taken as an immediate-release oral formulation, the onset of pain relief usually occurs within about an hour.It has two different mechanisms. First, it binds to the Î¼-opioid receptor.ramadol (marketed as Ultram, and as generics) is an opioid pain medication used to treat moderate to moderately severe pain. When taken as an immediate-release oral formulation, the onset of pain relief usually occurs within about an hour. It has two different mechanisms. First, it binds to the Î¼-opioid receptor.
Claiming the right to name his discovery, Le Verrier quickly proposed the name Neptune for this new planet, though falsely stating that this had been officially approved by the French Bureau des Longitudes. In October, he sought to name the planet Le Verrier, after himself, and he had loyal support in this from the observatory director, François Arago. This suggestion met with stiff resistance outside France. French almanacs quickly reintroduced the name Herschel for Uranus, after that planet's discoverer Sir William Herschel, and Leverrier for the new planet.
nan Home > Vol 7, No 1 (2006) > Kohlbacher Volume 7, No. 1, Art. 21 – January 2006The Use of Qualitative Content Analysis in Case Study Research Florian Kohlbacher Abstract: This paper aims at exploring and discussing the possibilities of applying qualitative content analysis as a (text) interpretation method in case study research. First, case study research as a research strategy within qualitative social research is briefly presented. Then, a basic introduction to (qualitative) content analysis as an interpretation method for qualitative interviews and other data material is given. Finally the use of qualitative content analysis for developing case studies is examined and evaluated. The author argues in favor of both case study research as a research strategy and qualitative content analysis as a method of examination of data material and seeks to encourage the integration of qualitative content analysis into the data analysis in case study research. Key words: case study research, content analy sis, qualitative content analysis, qualitative research Table of Contents1. Introduction: Qualitative vs. Quantitative Research?2. Research Question, Aim and Structure of the Paper2.1 Cognitive interest and research question2.2 Aim, structure and scope of the paper3. Case Study Research3.1 The case study as a research strategy3.2 Designing case studies3.3 Conducting case studies3.3.1 Collecting evidence3.3.2 Analyzing case study evidence3.3.3 Reporting case studies4. Content Analysis4.1 Classical content analysis4.2 Qualitative content analysis4.2.1 Excursus: qualitative research4.2.2 Philipp MAYRING's approach4.2.3 Quality criteria and validation issues5. The Use of Qualitative Content Analysis in Case Study Research5.1 Mixed methods and triangulation5.2 Case study research and qualitative content analysis5.2.1 Openness and ability to deal with complexity5.2.2 Theory-guided analysis5.2.3 Integration of context5.2.4 Integration of different material/evidence5.2.5 Integration of quantitative steps of analysis5.3 Limitations of qualitative content analysis6. Outlook Acknowledgments Notes References Author Citation1. Introduction: Qualitative vs. Quantitative Research? There has been an ongoing debate on the appropriateness of different approaches and methods in social research. As a matter of fact, many authors point to the heated discussions, sometimes even "wars" (the so-called "paradigm war"), between the adherents of quantitative (so-called "QUANs") and qualitative research (so-called "QUALs") designs (e.g. BRANNEN, 1992, pp.3-5; BRYMAN, 2004, pp.452-454; HAMMERSLEY, 1992, pp.39-41; KELLE, 2001, [1]- [5]; TASHAKKORI & TEDDLIE, 1998, pp.3-13). One main characteristic of this dispute seems to be the dichotomous way in which qualitative and quantitative research (methods) were presented as well as the resulting strict contraposition of the two (cf. also BRYMAN, 1992, pp.57-59) 1). CASSELL and SYMON (1994) for instance give the following list of defining characteristics for qualitative research:"a focus on interpretation rather than quantification; an emphasis on subjectivity rather than objectivity; flexibility in the process of conducting research; an orientation towards process rather than outcome; a concern with context—regarding behaviour and situation as inextricably linked in forming experience; and finally, an explicit recognition of the impact of the research process on the research situation" (p.7). [ 1 ]On the one hand, this definition puts forth the main points of what qualitative research is about, but it also demonstrates how it is positioned or tries to position itself in contrast to quantitative research. NEUMAN (1997) goes even further by stating that there are basically two categories of data collection techniques: quantitative and qualitative (p.30). While the first means collecting data in the form of numbers the second means collecting data in the form of words or pictures (ibid.). This is of course only a very superficial and over-simplified assumption of the distinction between quantitative and qualitative research methods. [ 2 ]Moreover, qualitative research methods have often faced acceptance problems and academic and disciplinary resistances, which are partly due to the politics embedded in this field of discourse (cf. e.g. DENZIN & LINCOLN, 2000, p.7): qualitative researchers are called journalists, or soft scientists, and their work is termed unscientific, or only exploratory, or subjective. However, great efforts have also been made to reconcile both sides (or, where not possible, at least to soothe the dispute), thus providing the opportunity to exploit the advantages of both approaches and opening the way for synergy effects (e.g. MAYRING, 2001, [ 3 ]- [9]; TASHAKKORI & TEDDLIE, 1998, pp.16ff). These attempts share the conception that qualitative and quantitative methods should be viewed as complementary rather than as rival camps (JICK, 1979, p.602). This has led to the appearance of mixed method approaches and the use of triangulation (e.g. BRYMAN, 2004, pp.454ff. ; CRESWELL, 2003, pp.208ff. ; JICK, 1979, p.602; cf. also Section 5.1). Besides, in the course of the last century (especially the second half of it), the development of qualitative methods showed impressive advances and results, thus helping to gain more acceptance not only in the field of social research (cf. e.g. MAYRING, 2002, pp.9-18). [ 3 ]This paper also aims at helping to overcome the strict contraposition of qualitative and quantitative research. As the following sections will show, the combination and mixing of different research methods bears an enormous potential for the advancement of social research. [ 4 ]2. Research Question, Aim and Structure of the Paper This section presents the research question underlying the analysis and discussion in the following sections and gives a short outline of the paper, explaining its aim, structure and scope. [ 5 ]2.1 Cognitive interest and research question Since its development in the beginning of the 1980s, MAYRING's qualitative content analysis has achieved popularity (TITSCHER, MEYER, WODAK & VETTER, 2000, p.62). However, this qualitatively oriented approach to content analysis—a discipline traditionally dominated by quantitative methods—has mainly been discussed and used within the German-speaking scientific community and does not seem to have attracted as much attention internationally as it actually deserves 2). In fact, GLÄSER and LAUDEL (2004) contend that qualitative content analysis is hardly used (p.44) and TITSCHER et al. (2000) in their bibliometric survey of the prominence of methods text analysis come to a similar conclusion as far as method literature citations are concerned (pp.217-218). However, when analyzing the frequency of keywords considerable deviations from the citation analysis turned up: a marked dominance of qualitative (and also quantitative) content analysis (TITSCHER et al., 2000, pp.219-221). [ 6 ]Case studies are widely used in organizational studies and across the social sciences, and there is some suggestion that the case study method is increasingly being used and with a growing confidence in the case study as a rigorous research strategy in its own right (cf. e.g. HARTLEY, 1994, p.208; HARTLEY, 2004, p.323). STAKE (2000) concurs, suggesting that case studies have become "one of the most common ways to do qualitative inquiry" (p.435). However, there have also been traditional prejudices against case study strategy in such a way that case studies have been viewed as a less desirable form of inquiry for instance (cf. e.g. YIN, 2003a, pp.10-11). Besides, it was claimed that case studies lack in rigor and reliability and that they do not address the issue of generalizability in contrast to quantitative methods (HARTLEY, 1994, p.208). [ 7 ]The author argues in favor of both case study research as a research strategy—trying to disprove the critiques just mentioned—and qualitative content analysis as a method of examination of data material. At the same time he seeks to encourage the integration of qualitative content analysis into the important step of data analysis in case study research. [ 8 ]Therefore, the research question which is to be answered in the course of this paper is the following: What is the contribution qualitative content analysis can make as a method of text analysis (for interpreting interview transcripts and other documents) in case study research? Or, put more generally: What is the contribution of using qualitative content analysis as an interpretation and analysis method for developing case studies? [ 9 ]2.2 Aim, structure and scope of the paper This paper aims at exploring and discussing the possibilities of applying qualitative content analysis as a (text) interpretation method in case study research 3). First, case study research as a research strategy within qualitative social research is briefly presented. Then, a basic introduction to (qualitative) content analysis as an interpretation and analysis method for text documents—especially the transcripts of qualitative interviews—and other data material is given, with the focus on Philipp MAYRING's approach to qualitative content analysis. Finally, the use of qualitative content analysis for conducting case study research is examined and evaluated. [ 10 ]Since this paper only aims to serve as the starting point for a more thorough discussion of the application of qualitative content analysis for case study research, the scope is rather narrow. Providing only an introduction to the theoretical argument, the need for further theoretical discussion as well as the empirical testing of the argument is obvious. Besides, due to the limited scope of this paper and my own research interests, the focus will mainly be on organizational and managerial research, even though both qualitative content analysis as well as case study research can be used in a much wider range of research fields (see also Sections 3. and 4.2). [ 11 ]3. Case Study Research Case studies are widely used in organizational studies and across the social sciences, and there is some suggestion that the case study method is increasingly being used and with a growing confidence in the case study as a rigorous research strategy in its own right (cf. e.g. HARTLEY, 1994, p.208; HARTLEY, 2004, p.323). STAKE (2000) concurs, suggesting that case studies have become "one of the most common ways to do qualitative inquiry," but at the same time concedes that "they are neither new nor essentially qualitative" (p.435). In any case, quoting one of the most prominent experts in case study research, Robert K. YIN, we can say that " [u]sing case studies for research purposes remains one of the most challenging of all social science endeavors" (YIN, 2003a, p.1, original emphasis). [ 12 ]This section gives a brief overview of case study research. As the word research implies, the subject of interest here are research case studies. These must be distinguished from teaching case studies—i.e. case studies as a pedagogical device—which are widely used particularly in business and law schools (cf. e.g. HARTLEY, 2004, p.324; REMENYI, MONEY, PRICE and BANNISTER, 2002, pp.2-4; YIN, 2003a, p.2). The main points of case study research are presented only as far as they seem to be relevant for the analysis of the research question (see 2.1). Given this purpose and the scope of the paper, this brief description can by no means serve as an introduction to case study research. For an extensive review and analysis of case study research reference should be made to the state-of-the-art literature (e.g. GILLHAM, 2000; GOMM, HAMMERSLEY & FOSTER, 2000; HAMEL, 1993; STAKE, 1995; YIN, 2003a). [ 13 ]3.1 The case study as a research strategy According to YIN (2003a, p.2) "the distinctive need for case studies arises out of the desire to understand complex social phenomena" because "the case study method allows investigators to retain the holistic and meaningful characteristics of real-life events," such as organizational and managerial processes, for example. In fact, case studies seem to be the preferred strategy when "how or "why" questions are being posed, when the investigator has little control over events, and when the focus is on a contemporary phenomenon within some real-life context (YIN, 1981, p.59, 2003a, pp.2, 5-10). In such a setting, a case study would be an explanatory one (ibid.). Depending on the type of research question posed, the extent of control an investigator has over actual behavioral events, and the degree of focus on contemporary as opposed to historical events, there are also exploratory and descriptive case studies (YIN, 2003a, pp.1, 3-10) 4). In contrast to this, STAKE (2000) identifies three types of case studies— intrinsic, instrumental, and collective —with the distinction between intrinsic and instrumental (a collective case study is instrumental study extended to several cases) addressing the degree to which the focus is on the unique or the generalizable features of the case research (pp.437-438, cf. also HARTLEY, 2004, p.326). As a matter of interest, a common concern about case studies put forward by their critics is that they provide little basis for scientific generalization (YIN, 2003a, p.10). YIN's (2003a) answer to this:"case studies […] are generalizable to theoretical propositions and not to populations or universes. In this sense, the case study […] does not represent a 'sample', and in doing a case study, your goal will be to generalize theories (analytical generalization) and not to enumerate frequencies (statistical generalization)" (p.10). [ 14 ]Before we take a look at the individual steps in the process of conducting case study research, it is now time to deliver a definition of what case study research actually is. HARTLEY (2004), for instance, states that case study research "consists of a detailed investigation, often with data collected over a period of time, of phenomena, within their context," with the aim being "to provide an analysis of the context and processes which illuminate the theoretical issues being studied" (p.323). In this respect, it is important to note that case studies have an important function in generating hypotheses and building theory (cf. e.g. EISENHARDT, 1989; HARTLEY, 1994, p.211; HARTLEY, 2004, p.325). Finally, YIN (2003a, pp.13-14) offers a more detailed and technical definition of case studies:"A case study is an empirical inquiry thatinvestigates a contemporary phenomenon within its real-life context, especially whenthe boundaries between phenomenon and context are not clearly evident The case study inquirycopes with the technically distinctive situation in which there will be many more variables of interest than data points, and as one resultrelies on multiple sources of evidence, with data needing to converge in a triangulating fashion, and as another resultbenefits from the prior development of theoretical propositions to guide data collection and analysis". [ 15 ]Given this definition it might be important to note that a case study is not a method but a research strategy (cf. e.g. HARTLEY, 2004, p.323; TITSCHER et al., 2000, p.43) 5). Or, put differently: " [c]ase study is not a methodological choice but a choice of what is to be studied. By whatever methods, we choose to study the case" (STAKE, 2000, p.435). As matter of fact, case study as a research strategy comprises an all-encompassing method, which means that a number of methods may be used—either qualitative, quantitative or both (cf. e.g. HARTLEY, 2004, p.324; YIN, 2003a, pp.14-15). Therefore, a case study cannot be defined through its research methods, but rather in terms of its theoretical orientation and interest in individual cases (HARTLEY, 2004, p.324; STAKE, 2000, p.435). Besides, case study research design can be used with other research strategies to address related research questions in different phases of a research project, and yet a further strategy would be to start with exploratory case study research and then to test the emerging findings in wider survey-based research (HARTLEY, 1994, p.215, 2004, pp.326-327). [ 16 ]To sum up, let us once again cite HARTLEY (2004):"Case study research is a heterogeneous activity covering a range of research methods and techniques, a range of coverage (from single case study through carefully matched pairs up to multiple cases), varied levels of analysis (individuals, groups, organizations, organizational fields or social policies), and differing lengths and levels of involvement in organizational functioning" (p.332). [ 17 ]3.2 Designing case studies According to HARTLEY (2004) research design is "the argument for the logical steps which will be taken to link the research question (s) and issues to data collection, analysis and interpretation in a coherent way" (p.326, cf. also YIN, 2003a, pp.19-21). YIN (2003a, p.21-28) identifies the following five components of research design as especially important for case studies: A study's questions;its propositions, if any;its unit (s) of analysis;the logic linking of the data to the propositions;the criteria for interpreting the findings. [ 18 ]Subsequently, it will be helpful to consider whether the case study will be exploratory, descriptive or explanatory and a key decision to be made is whether the research will be based on a single case study or on multiple cases (HARTLEY, 2004, p.326). However, going into greater detail concerning these issues would be beyond the scope of this paper. [ 19 ]Furthermore, for case studies, theory development as part of the design phase is essential, whether the ensuing case study's purpose is to develop or test theory, with theory development taking place prior to the collection of any case study data being an essential step in doing case studies (YIN, 2003a, pp.28-29). However, depending on the depth and range of the extant literature, the initial focus of the case study may be quite focused or broad and open-ended. Therefore and because the case study strategy is ideally suited to exploration of issues in depth and following leads into new areas of new constructions of theory, the theoretical framework at the beginning may not be the same one that survives to the end (HARTLEY, 2004, p.328). Besides, theory development does not only facilitate the data collection phase of the ensuing case study, the appropriately developed theory also is the level at which the generalization of the case study results will occur. This role of theory has been characterized by YIN (2003a) as "analytic generalization" and has been contrasted with a different way of generalizing results, known as "statistical generalization" (pp.31-32, cf. also above, Section 3.1, and also HARTLEY, 2004, p.331). [ 20 ]Last but not least, a major issue in designing case study research is the maximization of conditions related to design quality, i.e. the criteria for judging the quality of research designs. The four conditions or tests are (cf. e.g. YIN, 2003a, pp.19, 33-39): Construct validity;internal validity;external validity;reliability. [ 21 ]A detailed explanation of these concepts can be found in numerous textbooks on social science methods (e.g. ATTESLANDER, 2003; BRYMAN, 2004; CRESWELL, 2003; DIEKMANN, 2003) and would go beyond the scope of this paper. However, these issues will be addressed again in Section 4.2.3 in relation to quality criteria for qualitative content analysis. [ 22 ]3.3 Conducting case studies This section will give a short overview of the main steps in undertaking case studies, drawing mainly from YIN (2003a)'s seminal work on case study research. [ 23 ]3.3.1 Collecting evidence According to YIN (2003a) there are six possible sources of evidence for case studies: documents, archival records, interviews, direct observation, participant-observation, and physical artifacts (pp.83, 85-96). Indeed, the case study's unique strength is "its ability to deal with a full variety of evidence—documents, artifacts, interviews, and observations" (YIN, 2003a, p.8). Case studies do not imply the use of a particular type of evidence and they can be done using either qualitative or quantitative evidence (or both) (EISENHARDT, 1989, pp.534-535; YIN, 1981, p.58; see also above, Section 3.1). Nevertheless, while quantitative data often appears in case studies, qualitative data usually predominates (PATTON & APPELBAUM, 2003, p.60). [ 24 ]YIN (2003a, pp.83, 97-105) contends that the benefits from these six sources can be maximized if three principles are followed: Use of multiple sources of evidence;creation of a case study database;maintaining a chain of evidence. [ 25 ]Finally, YIN (2003a, pp.78-80) recommends conducting a pilot case study as a final preparation for data collection. This will help to refine the data collection plans with respect to both the content of the data and the procedures to be followed. [ 26 ]GILLHAM (2000) also sees the use of multiple sources of evidence as a "key characteristics of case study research" (p.2) because " [a]ll evidence is of some use to the case study researcher: nothing is turned away" (p.20). As another fundamental characteristics he puts forth that "you do not start out with a priori theoretical notions" (ibid., original emphasis). [ 27 ]3.3.2 Analyzing case study evidence According to HARTLEY (1994, 2004) data collection and analysis are "developed together in an iterative process," which can be a strength as it allows for theory development which is grounded in empirical evidence (p.220; p.329). Besides, a careful description of the data and the development of categories in which to place behaviors or process have proven to be important steps in the process of analyzing the data. The data may then be organized around certain topics, key themes or central questions, and finally the data need to be examined to see how far they fit or fail to fit the expected categories (ibid.). [ 28 ]YIN (2003a) maintains that data analysis consists of "examining, categorizing, tabulating, testing, or otherwise recombining both quantitative and qualitative evidence to address the initial propositions of a study" (p.109). In general, "data analysis means a search for patterns in data" (NEUMAN, 1997, p.426). NEUMAN (1997, pp.426ff) states that once a pattern is identified, it is interpreted in terms of a social theory or the setting in which it occurred and that the qualitative researcher moves from the description of a historical event or social setting to a more general interpretation of its meaning. In fact, "the ultimate goal of the case study is to uncover patterns, determine meanings, construct conclusions and build theory" (PATTON & APPELBAUM, 2003, p.67). According to YIN (2003a, pp.111-115) there are three general analytic strategies for analyzing case study evidence: Relying on theoretical propositions;thinking about rival explanations;developing a case description. [ 29 ]He contends that any of these strategies can be used in practicing five specific techniques for analyzing case studies: pattern matching, explanation building, time-series analysis, logic models, and cross-case synthesis (YIN, 2003a, pp.109, 116-137). [ 30 ]Finally, checking the findings with the case study participants can be a valuable part of the analysis and can enhance validity (HARTLEY, 2004, p.330). Besides, the analyzing of data is enhanced by reference to the existing literature and using this to raise questions about whether the researcher's findings are consistent with or different from extant research (ibid.). [ 31 ]3.3.3 Reporting case studies In a final step—or a final series of steps—the results and findings of a case study need to be brought to closure. This step is called reporting, with numerous forms of reports being available, and the typical case study report being a lengthy narrative (YIN, 1981, p.64, 2003a, p.141). STAKE (2000, p.436) notes that a "case study is both a process of inquiry about the case and the product of that inquiry," namely the report. [ 32 ]4. Content Analysis This section provides a brief introduction to qualitative content analysis as a (text) analysis method for qualitative social research. The presentation will focus on qualitative content analysis as it was developed by Philipp MAYRING in Germany (see Section 4.2.2), with other approaches being touched only marginally (see Section 4.2.2.3). At the end of this section, quality criteria and validation issues relevant for qualitative content analysis will be highlighted (see Section 4.2.3). [ 33 ]4.1 Classical content analysis According to TITSCHER et al. (2000), content analysis is "the longest established method of text analysis among the set of empirical methods of social investigation" (p.55). However, there does not seem to exist a homogenous understanding of this method at present, but originally the term "referred only to those methods that concentrate on directly and clearly quantifiable aspects of text content, and as a rule on absolute and relative frequencies of words per text or surface unit" (TITSCHER et al., 2000, p.55). Later, the concept was extended to include all those procedures which operate with categories, but which seek at least to quantify these categories by means of a frequency survey of classifications (ibid.). [ 34 ]According to BABBIE (2001), content analysis can be defined as "the study of recorded human communications" (p.304). It is "essentially a coding operation," with coding being "the process of transforming raw data into a standardized form" (BABBIE, 2001, p.309). In fact, RYAN and BERNARD (2000) see content analysis as one of the "major coding traditions" (p.780). They contend that "coding forces the researcher to make judgments about the meanings of contiguous blocks" and that coding is "the heart and soul" of (whole) text analysis (ibid.). According to them, classical content analysis "comprises techniques for reducing texts to a unit-by-variable matrix and analyzing that matrix quantitatively to test hypotheses" and the researcher can produce a matrix by applying a set of codes to a set of qualitative data (e.g. written texts etc), with the assumption being that the codes of interest have already been discovered and described beforehand (RYAN & BERNARD, 2000, p.785). More will be said on the topic of coding in Sections 4.2.2.3 and 4.2.3. [ 35 ]The development of content analysis is fundamentally connected to the development of mass media and international politics and content analysis has gained significance in the first half of the twentieth century with the dramatic expansion of mass communication (MAYRING, 2002, p.114; TITSCHER et al., 2000, p.55). In fact, the theoretical basis of the first moves towards analyses of contents was Harold D. LASSWELL's model of mass communication, and later on also the news transmission model of SHANNON and WEAVER (TITSCHER et al., 2000, pp.56-57). But even before that, different approaches to analysis and comparison of texts in hermeneutic contexts (e.g. Bible interpretations), early newspaper analysis, graphological procedures and even Freudian dream analysis can be seen as early precursors of content analysis (MAYRING, 2000a, [6]). According to GILLHAM (2000), the "essence of content analysis is identifying substantive statements—statements that really say something" (p.71, original emphasis). BERELSON (1971) defined content analysis like this: "Content analysis is a research technique for the objective, systematic, and quantitative description of the manifest content of communication" (p.18). [ 36 ]Obviously, classical content analysis is essentially a quantitative method with the core and central tool being its system of categories (cf. also Section 4.2.2.3). The simplest type of evaluation consequently consists of counting the numbers of occurrences per category (assuming there is a relationship between frequency of content and meaning). Besides, different indices which correlate two separate measurements and contingencies, more complex procedures can also be used for analysis (TITSCHER et al., 2000, pp.57-61). [ 37 ]4.2 Qualitative content analysis According to TITSCHER et al. (2000, p.62), in the 1950s a controversy about research strategies in content analysis was setting off. BERELSON's book "Content analysis in communication research" (first published 1952) was the first compendium of the methods and goals of quantitative content analysis which had been developed up to that time, and which concentrated on assessment on the basis of frequency analyses (BERELSON, 1971). KRACAUER's 1952 article "The challenge of qualitative content analysis" can be seen as a critical reaction to BERELSON's book (KRACAUER, 1952). He contended that the quantitative orientation neglected the particular quality of texts and that it was important to reconstruct contexts. According to him, it is not by counting and measuring that "patterns" or "wholes" in texts can be demonstrated but by showing the different possibilities of interpretation of "multiple connotations" (GLÄSER & LAUDEL, 2004, p.192; KRACAUER, 1952, pp.637f. ; cf. also TITSCHER et al., 2000, p.62). MAYRING (2000a, [6]) even speaks of "a superficial analysis without respecting latent contents and contexts, working with simplifying and distorting quantification." These critiques finally led to the development of qualitative approaches to content analysis (e.g. ALTHEIDE, 1996; MOSTYN, 1985; RITSERT, 1972; RUST, 1980; WITTKOWSKI, 1994). [ 38 ]RITSERT (1972, pp.19-31), for instance, criticized that especially the following four aspects are not taken into account appropriately by quantitative content analysis: The context of text components;latent structures of sense;distinctive individual cases;things that do not appear in the text. [ 39 ]MAYRING's qualitative content analysis tries to overcome these shortcomings of classical quantitative content analysis by applying a systematic, theory-guided approach to text analysis using a category system (cf. e.g. MAYRING, 2002, p.114; see also below Sections 4.2.2.2 and 4.2.2.3). In fact, qualitative content analysis claims to synthesize two contradictory methodo logical principles: openness and theory-guided investigation (GLÄSER & LAUDEL, 1999, p.3). [ 40 ]BRYMAN (2004) states that qualitative content analysis is "probably the most prevalent approach to the qualitative analysis of documents" and that it "comprises a searching-out of underlying themes in the materials being analyzed" (p.392). Being a little bit more specific he defines qualitative content analysis in the following way:"An approach to documents that emphasizes the role of the investigator in the construction of the meaning of and in texts. There is an emphasis on allowing categories to emerge out of data and on recognizing the significance for understanding the meaning of the context in which an item being analyzed (and the categories derived from it) appeared" (BRYMAN, 2004, p.542). [ 41 ]However, this seems to be rather the description of a general approach to analyzing documents qualitatively. In contrast to this, MAYRING's qualitative content analysis is not only an approach to analyzing documents but also a sophisticated and concretely described method at the same time. [ 42 ]4.2.1 Excursus: qualitative research Before presenting MAYRING's qualitative content analysis, a short overview of the basic assumptions and definitions of qualitative research will be given. [ 43 ]"Qualitative research is many things to many people" (DENZIN & LINCOLN, 2000, p.8). This statement of DENZIN and LINCOLN (2000) in their handbook of qualitative research already shows the breadth of the term qualitative research and the multitude of its methods, but also the vagueness of this concept. In fact, as it cuts across disciplines, fields and subject matters, a "complex, interconnected family of terms, concepts and assumptions surround the term qualitative research " (DENZIN & LINCOLN, 2000, p.2, original emphasis). Thus, a clear and concise definition of qualitative research can hardly be found. [ 44 ]The "word qualitative implies an emphasis on the qualities of entities and on processes and meanings that are not experimentally examined or measured (if measured at all) in terms of quantity, amount, intensity, or frequency" (DENZIN & LINCOLN, 2000, p.8, original emphasis). CASSELL and SYMON (1994, p.1) judge qualitative methods to be very appropriate to research questions focusing on organizational processes, outcomes, and trying to understand both individual and group experiences of work. According to them, organizational dynamics and change are major areas of interest in organizational research, and only qualitative methods are sensitive enough to allow the detailed analysis of change, while quantitative methods are only able to "assess that a change has occurred over time but cannot say how (what processes were involved) or why (in terms of circumstances and stakeholders)" (CASSELL & SYMON, 1994, p.5). [ 45 ]Generally, it can be said that qualitative techniques emerge form phenomenological and interpretive paradigms, with the emphasis being on constructivist approaches where there is no clear-cut objectivity or reality (CASSELL & SYMON, 1994, p.2). This has important implications on what is perceived to be the nature of knowledge, with the qualitative paradigm negating the existence of objectively true knowledge and proposing an interpretive approach to social knowledge, which recognizes that "meaning emerges through interaction and is not standardized from place to place or person to person" (RUBIN & RUBIN, 1995, p.31). [ 46 ]According to CASSELL and SYMON (1994, p.4), qualitative research is "less likely to impose restrictive a priori classifications on the collection of data," and thus research is "less driven by very specific hypotheses and categorical frameworks and more concerned with emergent themes and idiographic descriptions." This is also why, according to the qualitative research paradigm, it is only in the course of doing field research that one can find out which (research) questions can reasonably be asked and it is only at the end that the researcher will know which questions can be answered by a study (LUEGER, 2000, p.51). Therefore, qualitative methods are often used when the field of research is yet not well understood or unknown and aim at generating new hypotheses and theories, while quantitative methods are frequently used for testing hypotheses and evaluating theories (cf. e.g. ATTESLANDER, 2003, pp.83-85; GLÄSER & LAUDEL, 1999, p.2; KELLE, 1994, pp.41-52; MAYRING, 2003, pp.20-23). [ 47 ]Based on this background it should not be too difficult to grasp DENZIN and LINCOLN’s (2000) generic definition of qualitative research:"Qualitative research is a situated activity that locates the observer in the world. It consists of a set of interpretive, material practices that make the world visible. These practices transform the world. They turn the world into a series of representations, including field notes, interviews, conversations, photographs, recordings, and memos to the self. At this level, qualitative research involves an interpretive, naturalistic approach to the world. This means that qualitative researchers study things in their natural settings, attempting to make sense of, or to interpret, phenomena in terms of the meanings people bring to them" (p.3). [ 48 ]4.2.2 Philipp MAYRING's approach This section offers a short introduction to the main points of MAYRING's qualitative content analysis. Its development (Section 4.2.2.1), basic ideas (Section 4.2.2.2), procedures (Section 4.2.2.3) and quality criteria (Section 4.2.3) will be presented subsequently. [ 49 ]4.2.2.1 Development MAYRING's concept of qualitative content analysis was developed in the 1980s in a longitudinal study about psycho-social consequences of unemployment, when about 600 open-ended interviews yielded more than 20,000 pages of transcripts, which had to be analyzed in a qualitatively oriented way (cf. MAYRING, 2000a, [1]). Since then MAYRING's works seem to have become standard literature on qualitative content analysis and some regularly appear in new editions (e.g. MAYRING, 2002 [first published 1990], 2003 [first published 1983]). The main idea in the development of MAYRING's approach is "to preserve the advantages of quantitative content analysis as developed within communication science and to transfer and further develop them to qualitative-interpretative steps of analysis" (MAYRING, 2000a, [2]). [ 50 ]According to TITSCHER et al. (2000), MAYRING's qualitative content analysis "has achieved popularity" (p.62), while at the same time it has become difficult to separate it from other methods of text analysis, particularly those oriented towards ethnographic methods or grounded theory (p.55). [ 51 ]4.2.2.2 Basic ideas The object of (qualitative) content analysis can basically be any kind of recorded communication, i.e. transcripts of interviews/discourses, protocols of observation, video tapes, written documents in general etc. However, not only the manifest content of the material is analyzed, but also so-called latent content as well as formal aspects of the material (MAYRING, 2000b, pp.468-469, 2000a, [4]). Given this background, MAYRING (2000a) offers the following definition of qualitative content analysis: "an approach of empirical, methodological [sic!] controlled analysis of texts within their context of communication, following content analytical rules and step by step models, without rash quantification" ( [5]). [ 52 ]Obviously, the strength of qualitative content analysis is that it is strictly controlled methodologically and that the material is analyzed step-by-step. Central to it is a category system which is developed right on the material employing a theory-guided procedure. By using this category system, the aspects, which are to be filtered from the material, are defined (MAYRING, 2002, p.114). TITSCHER et al. (2000) put it like this:"The core and central tool of any content analysis is its system of categories: every unit of analysis must be coded, that is to say, allocated to one or more categories. Categories are understood as the more or less operational definitions of variables." (p.58) 6) [ 53 ]Above, we said that qualitative content analysis aims to preserve the advantages of quantitative content analysis but at the same time apply a more qualitative text interpretation (see Section 4.2.2.1). MAYRING (2003, pp.42-46) emphasizes the following central points: Fitting the material into a model of communication: It should be determined on what part of the communication inferences shall be made, to aspects of the communicator (his experiences, opinions, feelings), to the situation of the text production, to the socio-cultural background, to the text itself or to the effect of the message. Systematic, rule-based analysis: The material is to be analyzed step by step, following rules of procedure, devising the material into content analytical units. Categories in the center of analysis: The aspects of text interpretation, following the research questions, are put into categories, which were carefully founded and revised within the process of analysis (feedback loops). Subject-reference instead of technique: instead of merely being a set of techniques for text analysis, the connection to the concrete subject of analysis is a very important point for qualitative content analysis. This implies that the procedures of content analysis cannot be fixed but have to be adapted depending on the subject and its context. Verification of the specific instruments through pilot studies: Due to the subject-reference, fully standardized methods are abstained from. That is why the procedures need to be tested in a pilot study. Inter-subjective verifiability is a case in point here. Theory-guided analysis: Technical fuzziness of qualitatively oriented research needs to be balanced by theoretical stringency. This means that the state-of-the-field of the respective research subject as well as subjects closely related are required to be taken into account and integrated into the analysis. Inclusion of quantitative steps of analysis: Quantitative analyses are especially important when trying to generalize results. As a matter of fact, this notion of triangulation to argue in favor of an integration of qualitative and quantitative methods is not limited to content analysis but has been raised by many researchers (cf. e.g. DIEKMANN, 2003, p.18; KELLE, 2001, [6]; MAYRING, 2001; cf. also Section 5.1). Quality criteria of reliability and validity (see also Section 4.2.3): The procedure has the pretension to be inter-subjectively comprehensible, to compare the results with other studies in the sense of triangulation and to carry out checks for reliability. [ 54 ]This rule-based approach of qualitative content analysis is supposed to guarantee that the whole empirical basis is systematically dealt with and that the analysis is reproducible to a certain extent (GLÄSER & LAUDEL, 1999, pp.2-5). As a matter of fact, it is this kind of systematics what distinguishes content analysis from more interpretive, hermeneutic processing of text material (MAYRING, 2002, p.114). [ 55 ]4.2.2.3 Method and procedures The seven components of content analysis listed above (see Section 4.2.2.2) form the basis for a qualitatively oriented procedure of text interpretation (MAYRING, 2000a, [8]). Consequently, MAYRING has developed a sequential model of qualitative content analysis and puts forward three distinct analytical procedures which may be carried out either independently or in combination, depending on the particular research question (MAYRING, 2002, p.115, 2003, pp.42-99; TITSCHER et al., 2000, pp.62-64): Summary: attempts to reduce the material in such a way as to preserve the essential content and by abstraction to create a manageable corpus which still reflects the original material. For this the text is paraphrased, generalized or abstracted and reduced. Explication: involves explaining, clarifying and annotating the material. As a first step a lexico-grammatical definition is attempted, then the material for explication is determined, and this is followed by a narrow context analysis, and a broad context analysis. Finally an "explicatory paraphrase" is made of the particular portion of text and the explication is examined with reference to the total context. Structuring: corresponds more or less to the procedures used in classical content analysis and is also viewed as the most crucial technique of content analysis, the goal of which is to filter out a particular structure from the material. Here the text can be structured according to content, form and scaling. The first stage is the determination of the units of analysis, after which the dimensions of the structuring are established on some theoretical basis and the features of the system of categories are fixed. Subsequently definitions are formulated and key examples, with rules for coding in separate categories, are agreed upon. In the course of a first appraisal of the material the data locations are marked, and in a second scrutiny these are processed and extracted. If necessary the system of categories is re-examined and revised, which necessitates a reappraisal of the material. As a final stage the results are processed. [ 56 ]Obviously, the central part of the process—structuring—is derived from classical content analysis, because here, too, units of coding and evaluation are set up and arranged in a schema of categories (TITSCHER et al., 2000, p.64). However, the basic difference between classical content analysis and structuring within qualitative content analysis is the development and use of the coding agenda 7). In contrast to this, GLÄSER and LAUDEL (2004)—who have modified MAYRING's approach after experiencing problems when putting the method to practice—contend that the core and central part of the process is what they call "extraction" (p.194). However, "extraction" seems to be closely related to MAYRING's structuring since it literally means the extraction of the relevant information from the text by the means of using a category system. Thus, the material is reduced and a new basis of information separate from the original text comes into existence (ibid.). The main difference to MAYRING's approach lies in the handling of the category system. GLÄSER and LAUDEL (1999; 2004) criticize that the closed, ex ante determined category system is only adapted to the empirical material in a first process cycle with only part of the texts—a procedure they disqualify as methodologically arguable and technically too elaborate (p.5; p.193). Therefore they argue in favor of a theory-based category system, which is more open and can be changed during extraction when relevant information turns up but does not fit into the category system. Both the dimensions of existing categories can be modified and new categories can be designed. Since the category system can now be adjusted at any point of the analysis, the trial cycle becomes redundant (GLÄSER & LAUDEL, 1999, p.10, 2004, p.195). However, it is important to mention that GLÄSER and LAUDEL (1999) might have misunderstood MAYRING's qualitative content analysis as having to follow all procedures described by him. It is actually a package of techniques from which the analyst can chose and then adapts to his research question 8). [ 57 ]Figure 1 shows the basic proceeding of qualitative content analysis from the initial theory to the final analysis and interpretation. Figure 1: Basic proceeding of qualitative content analysis (Source: Author based on GLÄSER & LAUDEL, 1999, p.4) [ 58 ]Going into greater detail, this process of MAYRING's qualitative content analysis can also be divided into nine different stages (MAYRING, 2003, pp.42-99; TITSCHER et al., 2000, p.64): Determination of the material;analysis of the situation in which the text originated;the formal characterization of the material;determination of the direction of the analysis;theoretically informed differentiation of questions to be answered;selection of the analytical techniques (summary, explication, structuring);definition of the unit of analysis;analysis of the material (summary, explication, structuring);interpretation [ 59 ]Among the procedures of qualitative content analysis MAYRING (2000a, [8]) hallmarks the following two approaches as central to developing a category system and finding the appropriate text components as a result: inductive category development and deductive category application. [ 60 ]Inductive category development Quantitative content analysis does not provide satisfactory answers to the question where the categories are derived from, and how the system of categories is developed. But within the framework of qualitative approaches it is essential to develop the aspects of interpretation—the categories—as closely as possible to the material, and to formulate them in terms of the material. As a result, procedures of inductive category development were compiled (MAYRING, 2000a, [9], [10]). The steps of inductive category development are displayed in Figure 2. Figure 2: "Step model of inductive category development" (Source: MAYRING, 2000a, [11]) [ 61 ]The main idea of the procedure is to formulate a criterion of definition, derived from the theoretical background and the research question, which determines the aspects of the textual material taken into account. Following this criterion the material is worked through and categories are deduced tentatively and step by step. Within a feedback loop the categories are revised, eventually reduced to main categories and checked in respect to their reliability (MAYRING, 2000a, [12]). [ 62 ]Inductive category development belongs to the procedure of summary (MAYRING, 2003, pp.74-76). Or, put the other way round: the technique of content analytical summary can be used furthermore for an inductive category development (MAYRING, 2002, p.115). [ 63 ]Deductive category application Deductive category application works with previously formulated, theoretically derived aspects of analysis, which are brought into connection with the text. The qualitative step of analysis consists of a methodologically controlled assignment of the category to a passage of text (MAYRING, 2000a, [13]). Figure 3 shows the steps of deductive category application. Figure 3: "Step model of deductive category application" (Source: MAYRING, 2000a, [14]) [ 64 ]According to MAYRING (2000a, [15]; 2001, [15]) the main idea here is to give explicit definitions, examples and coding rules for each deductive category, determining exactly under what circumstances a text passage can be coded with a category. Finally, those category definitions are put together within a coding agenda. [ 65 ]4.2.3 Quality criteria and validation issues Any kind of social research asserts its claims to fulfill certain quality criteria for measuring and collecting data. It is widely accepted that measurement or the methods of measurement should be as objective, reliable and valid as possible (cf. e.g. DIEKMANN, 2003, p.216). In fact, the research strategy that is regularly pursued in content analysis is governed by these traditional criteria of validity and reliability, where the latter is a precondition for the former (but not vice versa) (TITSCHER et al., 2000, p.65). Since arguments concerning the content are judged to be more important than methodical issues in qualitative analysis, validity takes priority over reliability (MAYRING, 2003, p.45). However, according to MAYRING (2003, p.109), concerning content analyses that have been conducted up to now, there is a dearth in statements about the reliability and validity of the results achieved. Two specific problems of content analysis that are often discussed in this context are problems of inference and problems of reliability (TITSCHER et al., 2000, p.65): Problems of inference relate to the possibility of drawing conclusions, on the one hand, about the whole text on the basis of the text sample and, on the other hand, about the underlying (theoretical) constructs such as motives, attitudes, norms, etc., on the basis of the text. As a result, inference in content analysis confines itself only to specific features of external and internal validity. Problems of reliability: here, particular attention is paid to the trustworthiness of the coding. The so-called inter-coder reliability shows to what extent different coders agree in the coding of the same text and intra-coder reliability explains how stable the coding of one coder is. [ 66 ]Because of the problems of reliability, the coding of texts is usually assigned to multiple coders so that the researcher can see whether the constructs being investigated are shared and whether multiple coders can reliably apply the same codes (MAYRING, 2003, p.110; RYAN & BERNARD, 2000, p.785). Apart from inter-coder reliability, in his seminal work on qualitative content analysis, MAYRING (2003, pp.111-115) discusses the following specific quality criteria for content analysis according to KRIPPENDORF (2004, pp.214-216, 318-338): Validity Material-oriented Semantic validity Sampling validity Result-oriented Correlative validity Predictive validity Process-oriented Construct validity2. Reliabilitya. Stabilityb. Reproducibilityc. Accuracy Semantic validity relates to the meaning reconstruction of the material, and is expressed in the appropriateness of the category definitions, the key examples and the rules for coders. Sampling validity refers to the usual criteria for precise sampling and correlative validity refers to the correlation with some external criterion (e.g. the results of other methods like test, experiment or observation). Predictive validity can only be used as a quality criterion if predictions can reasonably be made from the material (in this case verification is usually easy and significant). Construct validity relates, for instance, to previous success with similar constructs, established models and theories, and representative interpretations. Stability refers to whether the same results are obtained in a renewed application of the analytical tool to the same text and reproducibility is the extent to which the analysis achieves the same results under different circumstances, for instance with different coders. It can be measured through inter-coder reliability for which a range of measures and indices have been developed. Finally, accuracy assumes stability and reproducibility and denotes the extent to which the analysis meets a particular functional standard (KRIPPENDORFF, 2004, pp.214-216, 318-338; MAYRING, 2003, pp.111-115; cf. also TITSCHER et al., 2000, pp.65-66). [ 67 ]MAYRING (2003) additionally notes another quality criterion that has gained in significance recently: communicative validation (p.112). The main idea behind this concept is to discursively achieve mutual consent and accordance about the results of the analysis between the researchers and the researched. [ 68 ]Last but not least, a further criterion is generalizability, which refers to "the degree to which the findings are applicable to other populations or samples" (RYAN & BERNARD, 2000, p.786). Thus, it draws on the degree to which the original data were representative of a larger population (ibid). [ 69 ]KRIPPENDORFF (2004) identifies the following four sources of error that may lead to a lack of reliability (pp.211ff, cf. also MAYRING, 2003, p.115; TITSCHER et al., 2000, p.66): Features of the units of evaluation: It will be examined whether the problem locations, where there is some disagreement about coding, differ systematically from the material. Properties of individual categories: The question is whether instances of disagreement are particularly common with particular categories. Differentiation of categories: It will be checked whether the distinctions between categories are too fine. Properties of the coders: If the lack of reliability cannot be attributed to a), b), or c), then the problem is usually with the coders and may perhaps be solved by more careful selection, more thorough training, shorter operation periods, etc. [ 70 ]Finally, MAYRING (2003, p.115) proclaims the need for a content analytical theory of errors in order to establish a systematic compilation of quality criteria. The further development of new quality criteria calls for an analysis of where and what kind of other errors can be made or occur in (conducting) content analysis (ibid). [ 71 ]5. The Use of Qualitative Content Analysis in Case Study Research" [E]mpirical research advances only when it is accompanied by theory and logical inquiry and not when treated as a mechanistic or data collection endeavor" (YIN, 2003a, p.xv). This section explores and discusses the possibilities of applying qualitative content analysis as a (text) interpretation method in case study research and thus tries to find an answer to the research question initially posed (see Section 2.1). [ 72 ]5.1 Mixed methods and triangulation The rising popularity of mixed methods approaches and the use of triangulation have already been mentioned briefly in the introduction of this paper. Having its origin in navigation, military strategy and (geodetic) surveying, the term triangulation in social research is used in a less literal sense to describe the use of multiple methods and measures of an empirical phenomenon (cf. e.g. BRANNEN, 1992; JICK, 1979; KELLE, 2001; TASHAKKORI & TEDDLIE, 1998; WOLFRAM COX & HASSARD, 2005 for an overview and review) 9). According to WOLFRAM COX and HASSARD (2005), the implicit assumption in much of the social science literature on triangulation "is of developing a more effective method for the capturing and fixing of social phenomena in order to realize a more accurate analysis and explanation." (p.111) Just like multiple viewpoints allow for greater accuracy in geometry, (organizational) researchers "can improve the accuracy of their judgments by collecting different kinds of data bearing on the same phenomenon" (JICK, 1979, p.602). Data accumulated by different methods but bearing on the same issue are part of what is called the " multi-method approach": "Different methods have different strengths and weaknesses. If they converge (agree) then we can be reasonably confident that we are getting the true picture" (GILLHAM, 2000, p.13, original emphasis). In fact, the "effectiveness of triangulation rests on the premise that the weaknesses in each single method will be compensated by the counter-balancing strengths of another" (JICK, 1979, p.604). Therefore, triangulation "can potentially generate what anthropologists call "holistic work" or "thick description" (JICK, 1979, p.609). [ 73 ]In the case of using qualitative content analysis in case study research, triangulation takes actually place on two different levels. On the first and more obvious level, data is triangulated by integrating different material and evidence (see Section 5.2.4)—often also collected by using various methods—as well as by integrating quantitative and qualitative steps of analysis (see Section 5.2.5). On second level, triangulation takes place by applying a method of analysis (qualitative content analysis) that has not been particularly developed for this purpose to a different research design (case study research). [ 74 ]5.2 Case study research and qualitative content analysis As was already shown in Section 3.1 the case study will provide a multi-dimensional perspective that may be used to create a shared view of the situation being studied (REMENYI et al., 2002, p.5). Therefore, case studies offer the "opportunity for a holistic view of a process" (PATTON & APPELBAUM, 2003, p.63). Besides, we also saw that case study research has a major function in generating hypotheses and build theory. EISENHARDT (1989) states that " [a]nalyzing data is the heart of building theory from case studies, but it is both the most difficult and the least codified part of the process" (p.539). In fact, a theory or theoretical framework first emerges through the inductive approach of studying an empirical case or object, not through a deductive process. "The key point is that before a theory can be validated, it must be constructed" (PATTON & APPELBAUM, 2003, p.65). As the author tried to demonstrate in Section 4.2.2, Philipp MAYRING's qualitative content analysis could be such an inductive approach and offers a range of rule-based procedures for a systematic analysis of data material. Hence, qualitative content analysis might be an appropriate analysis and interpretation method for case study research. As a matter of fact, its quantitative counterpart—classical content analysis—is repeatedly mentioned as a method of analyzing data in the context of conducting case study research (cf. e.g. YIN, 2003a, p.110). REMENYI et al. (2002) state that techniques such as content analysis may be used "to transform what is essentially qualitative evidence into some sort of quantitative evidence" (pp.5-6). Even though they concede that this is "not a particularly satisfactory approach," they claim that "it is not infrequently used" (REMENYI et al., 2002, p.6). [ 75 ]In Section 4.2 we stated that MAYRING's qualitative content analysis tries to overcome these shortcomings of classical quantitative content analysis by applying a systematic, theory-guided approach to text analysis using a category system. Besides it preserves the advantages of quantitative content analysis but at the same time apply a more qualitative text interpretation. Therefore, it can be argued that qualitative content analysis could prove to be a useful tool for analyzing data material in case study research. In fact, the contribution of using qualitative content analysis in case study research will be demonstrated on the basis of the following points: [ 76 ]5.2.1 Openness and ability to deal with complexity One of the strengths of qualitative content analysis is the way it tries to synthesize openness—as claimed by the qualitative research paradigm—and theory-guided investigation—usually demanded by the hypothetical-deductive paradigm. In fact, despite this openness, qualitative content analysis is strictly controlled methodologically and the material is analyzed in a step-by-step process (see Section 4.2.2). It is this combination that fosters its strong ability to deal with complexity. Qualitative content analysis takes a holistic and comprehensive approach towards analyzing data material and thus achieves to (almost) completely grasp and cover the complexity of the social situations examined and social data material derived from them. At the same time, qualitative content analysis uses a rule-based and methodologically controlled approach in order to deal with the complexity and gradually reduce it. The procedures of summary, explication and structuring step-by-step reduce complexity and filter out the main points of analysis in an iterative process. Therefore, qualitative content analysis perfectly fits the credo of case study research: helping to understand complex social phenomena (see also Section 3.1). [ 77 ]5.2.2 Theory-guided analysis We just mentioned theory-guided analysis as one of the special strengths of qualitative content analysis (see above, Section 5.2.1). The important point here is the same as with case study research: "The central idea is that researchers constantly compare theory and data—iterating toward a theory which closely fits the data" (EISENHARDT, 1989, p.541). Besides, an essential feature of theory building is comparison of the emergent concepts, theory or hypotheses with the extant literature because tying the emergent theory to existing literature enhances the internal validity, generalizability, and theoretical level of theory building from case study research (EISENHARDT, 1989, pp.544-545). That is why GLÄSER and LAUDEL (1999, abstract) state that qualitative content analysis could be "an interesting form of data analysis for projects that aim to start from theory and contribute to it." [ 78 ]Theory-guided analysis also offers the chance to compare and complement the primary data collected within the research project with secondary data. In fact, experts in social research recommend to conduct interpretations of results on two levels: interpretation of the results of one's own survey and comparative interpretation of results and conclusions of existing theories and research results (cf. e.g. ATTESLANDER, 2003, pp.329, 355; MAYRING, 2003, pp.109-115). This analysis of complementing secondary data can help to ensure the quality of content analysis, especially validity (MAYRING, 2003, p.109). [ 79 ]5.2.3 Integration of context One of the key features of qualitative content analysis in contrast to classical quantitative content analysis is that the context is also central to the interpretation and analysis of the material. In fact, it is not only the manifest content of the material that is important but also the latent content as well as formal aspects need to be taken into consideration (cf. also Section 4.2.2.2). This is again in order to achieve a holistic and comprehensive analysis of complex social phenomena. As we have seen in Section 3.1, "the key feature of the case study approach is not method or data but the emphasis on understanding processes as they occur in their context" (HARTLEY, 1994, p.227, 2004, p.332). Therefore, research questions about "how" and "why" rather than "what" or "how much" are best suited to the case study strategy (ibid.). [ 80 ]5.2.4 Integration of different material/evidence As shown above (Section 4.2.2.2), the object of qualitative content analysis can basically be any kind of recorded communication, i.e. transcripts of interviews/discourses, protocols of observation, video tapes, written documents in general etc. This means that in a comprehensive study which aims at analyzing different kinds of data material, the same method can be applied to different types of evidence—a major advantage not only from a pragmatic point of view, but also as far as quality criteria are concerned. Of course, case study research usually corresponds to such a comprehensive study. According to YIN (2003a) a major strength of case study data collection is the opportunity to use many different sources of evidence because the use of multiple sources of evidence in case studies allows an investigator to address a broader range of historical, attitudinal, and behavioral issues (YIN, 2003a, pp.97-98). In fact, GILLHAM (2000) states that case study "is a main method," within which different sub-methods are used: interviews, observations, document and record analysis, work samples etc (p.13, original emphasis). [ 81 ]Furthermore, qualitative or expert interviews are a very common field of application for qualitative content analysis (cf. e.g. GLÄSER & LAUDEL, 1999, p.5, 2004, p.44; MAYRING, 2003, p.46). According to YIN (2003a) one of the most important sources of case study information is the interview: "most commonly, case study interviews are of an open-ended nature, in which you can ask key respondents about the facts of a matter as well as their opinions about events" (YIN, 2003a, p.90, original emphasis). Therefore, qualitative content analysis offers a rule-based, theory-guided method for analyzing interview transcripts, just in the way it is required by the principles of case study research. [ 82 ]Finally, MAYRING (2000a, [28]) contends that qualitative content analysis can be combined with other qualitative procedures. This is certainly a great advantage when dealing with various, heterogeneous types of data material. However, he fails to go into greater detail concerning this matter. [ 83 ]5.2.5 Integration of quantitative steps of analysis As was discussed above (Sections 4.2.2 and 5.2) qualitative content analysis preserves the advantages of classical quantitative content analysis, and thus also includes quantitative steps of analysis. These are especially important when trying to generalize results. According to GILLHAM (2000), " [c]ase study research does not equate qualitative (descriptive, interpretative) methods and data only. They are predominant, but quantitative data and its analysis can add to the overall picture" (p.80). According to JICK (1979), " [q]ualitative data and analysis function as the glue that cements the interpretation of multimethod results" (p.609). Moreover, the combination of qualitative and quantitative analyses has also been addressed in the field of case study research (see above, Sections 3.1 and 3.2). As has already been mentioned, many experts in the field of socio-scientific research suggest using and combining several methods—so-called triangulation or cross-examination—in order to obtain more valid results (see Sections 1. and 5.1). Especially the combination of qualitative methods and quantitative methods seems to be appropriate in order to gain deeper insight and a more general view of the object of research (cf. e.g. DIEKMANN 2003, p.18). In fact, triangulation by integrating different material/evidence as well as quantitative and qualitative steps of analysis, helps researchers to be more confident of their results and can also lead to a synthesis or integration of theories (cf. e.g. JICK, 1979 pp.608-609). [ 84 ]5.3 Limitations of qualitative content analysis According to TITSCHER et al. (2000) content analysis will always be used if communicative content is of greatest importance, if operational schemata of categories can be formulated in advance or if the analysis is concerned only with the lexicon of a text (p.66). The procedures of qualitative content analysis seem less appropriate, if the research question is highly open-ended, explorative, variable and working with categories would be a restriction, or if a more holistic, not step-by-step ongoing of analysis is planned (MAYRING, 2000b, p.474, 2000a, [27]). In fact, MAYRING (2002) recommends his qualitative content analysis in the case of theory-guided text analysis but rather not in the case of merely explorative-interpretive interpretation of the material (p.121). [ 85 ]Furthermore, due to the fact that qualitative content analysis first extracts the relevant parts of the (text) material and then analyzes them (cf. also Section 4.2.2), it can only be used if the text itself is not the subject of examination (cf. e.g. GLÄSER & LAUDEL, 1999, p.5, 2004, p.200). [ 86 ]Last but not least, when using qualitative content analysis in case study research, one should be aware of the fact that " [r]eplicating a mixed-methods package […] is a nearly impossible task" (JICK, 1979, p.609). [ 87 ]6. Outlook This paper tried to explore and discuss the possibilities of using qualitative content analysis in case study research. It highlighted the strengths of qualitative content analysis as a method that achieves to respect the credos of openness and theory-guided analysis at the same time. In fact, with its rule-based logic and methodologically controlled step-by-step procedures of analysis it manages to combine the advantages of classical quantitative content analysis with a qualitatively oriented approach taking also context and other important points into consideration. Therefore, qualitative content analysis can be viewed as a comprehensive approach to data analysis, which seems to be especially suitable for case study research. It can certainly contribute to adding and enhancing rigor, validity and reliability of case study research. [ 88 ]Nevertheless, qualitative content analysis is still a young discipline and further development and improvement might be advisable and appropriate as some of the amendments, critiques and limitations of MAYRING's approach show (see above Sections 4.2.3, 5.3 and also GLÄSER & LAUDEL, 1999, 2004). Besides, papers and essays in English are crucial to help qualitative content analysis gain attention and dissemination internationally as well. Last but not least, empirical testing and experience will be indispensable to ensure methodological and practical advances of this method. Therefore, the author strongly recommends all researchers who are conducting case studies to use and apply qualitative content analysis in their research endeavors. [ 89 ]Acknowledgments The author would like to thank Angelika SCHMIDT and Jürgen MÜHLBACHER for their kind support and advice. All mistakes are solely mine. Notes1) I am indebted to an anonymous reviewer for pointing this fact out to me. <back>2) In their recent work on expert interviews and qualitative content analysis, GLÄSER and LAUDEL (2004) state that they (still) do not know of any international proposals for qualitative content analysis (p.192) having stated that MAYRING's approach is "the only one so far" in 1999 (GLÄSER & LAUDEL, 1999, Abstract). In their bibliometric survey on the prominence of methods of text analysis, TITSCHER et al. (2000) affirm that the explicit sources for qualitative content analysis are from German-speaking countries only (p.217). <back>3) I am indebted to an anonymous reviewer for pointing out the question whether the basic methodological assumptions of the two approaches (qualitative content analysis and case study research) fit together. I indirectly argue in Section 5.2 (especially the initial part as well Sections 5.2.1 and 5.2.2) that they do. <back>4) The issue of single- and multiple-case studies will not be discussed in this paper. <back>5) In contrast to GILLHAM (2000) who sees case study as "a main method" (p.13, original emphasis, cf. also Section 5.1). Interestingly, YIN (2003b) in his companion book to his case study textbook (YIN, 2003a) speaks of the "case study method" (pp.4ff) in contrast to his usual reference to case studies as a research strategy (cf. also Section 3.1). <back>6) I am indebted to an anonymous reviewer who—very correctly—pointed the following out to me: "This statement is formulated too strict: Not all units of analysis (depends on the sort of unit and the concrete technique) must be coded; and inductive categories are not operationalizations of variables; but it is true, that the interpretative but rule guided process of assigning categories to text portions is crucial for qualitative content analysis." <back>7) I am indebted to an anonymous reviewer for pointing this fact out to me. <back>8) I am indebted to an anonymous reviewer for pointing this fact out to me. Examples for this can be found from MAYRING and GLÄSER-ZIKUDA (2005) as well as from http://psydok.sulb.uni-saarland.de/portal/klagenfurt/. <back>9) Different types of triangulation as well as other issues concerning this subject go beyond the scope of this paper and thus are not discussed here. <back>References Altheide, David L. (1996). Qualitative media analysis. Qualitative research methods Vol. 38. Thousand Oaks: Sage. Atteslander, Peter (2003). Methoden der empirischen Sozialforschung (10th ed.). Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. Babbie, Earl (2001). The practice of social research (9th ed.). Belmont: Wadsworth. Berelson, Bernard Reuben (1971). Content analysis in communication research. New York: Hafner. Brannen, Julia (1992). Combining qualitative and quantitative approaches: an overview. In Julia Brannen (Ed. ), Mixing methods: qualitative and quantitative research (pp.3-37). Brookfield: Avebury. Bryman, Alan (1992). 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Thousand Oaks: Sage. Yin, Robert K. (2003b). Applications of case study research (2nd ed., vol. 34). Thousand Oaks: Sage. Author Florian KOHLBACHER, Associate Research Partner, Department of Change Management & Management Development, Vienna University of Economics and Business Administration. Research Interests: Knowledge Management, International Business, International Marketing, Consumer Behavior, Qualitative Research Methods, Case Study Research Contact: Florian Kohlbacher Vienna University of Economics and Business Administration (Wirtschaftsuniversität Wien) Department of Change Management & Management Development Augasse 2-6 A-1090 Vienna, Austria E-mail: florian.kohlbacher@wu-wien.ac.at Citation Kohlbacher, Florian (2005). The Use of Qualitative Content Analysis in Case Study Research [89 paragraphs]. Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 7 (1), Art. 21, http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0601211. Copyright (c) 2006 Florian Kohlbacher This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License .
Santa Cruz man breaks world record for fastest speed on skateboard SPORTSSanta Cruz man breaks world record for fastest speed on skateboard Email Video Playback not supported on Microsoft Windows Version 8.1 or earlier using Internet Explorer. Please upgrade your OS or try a different browser. EMBED </> More Videos<iframe width="476" height="267" src="http://abc7.com/video/embed/?pid=1504301" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>A Santa Cruz skateboarder recently broke the world record for fastest speed ever recorded on a skateboard. (Santa Cruz Skateboards)Friday, September 09, 2016SANTA CRUZ, Calif. -- A Santa Cruz skateboarder broke the world record for fastest speed ever recorded on a skateboard. On Aug. 29, Kyle Wester reached a blistering 89.41 mph. Santa Cruz Skateboards provided video of the record-breaking skate in Colorado. FASTEST SKATEBOARDER EVER! 89.41 mph/143.89 km/h - Kyle Wester Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available. Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video.0:00 / 2:50 Wester said he's anxious before he starts each run but once moving, he stays calm and focused. The skateboarder also said he's not satisfied with the record and wants to hit triple digits someday. Related Topics:sports skateboarding world record distraction u.s. & world California Colorado Email (Copyright ©2018 KGO-TV. All Rights Reserved.)
French historians traditionally place the Enlightenment between 1715, the year that Louis XIV died, and 1789, the beginning of the French Revolution. Some recent historians begin the period in the 1620s, with the start of the scientific revolution. The Philosophes, the French term for the philosophers of the period, widely circulated their ideas through meetings at scientific academies, Masonic lodges, literary salons and coffee houses, and through printed books and pamphlets. The ideas of the Enlightenment undermined the authority of the monarchy and the church, and paved the way for the revolutions of the 18th and 19th centuries. A variety of 19th-century movements, including liberalism and neo-classicism, trace their intellectual heritage back to the Enlightenment.
capsicum \| annuum \| chinense \| baccatum \| frutescens \| pubescens \| wild Growing Lists The Capsicum Genus Capsicum terminology is very confusing with Pepper, chilli, chile, chili, aji, paprika and capsicum all used interchangeably to describe the plants and pods of the genus Capsicum. We have chosen to use 'chile' as this is the most common terminology used in the UK. It is believed Chiles were first cultivated by the people of Central and South America in around 7000BC and there are now a bewildering range of over 3000 known varieties ranging from the mildest bell pepper to the fiery hot habanero. The botantical 'genus' to which all chiles belong is Capsicum (CAP-see-coom), from the greek kapto meaning 'to bite'. The genus Capsicum is also a member of the wider Solanaceae or nightshade family and therefore Chile peppers are closely related to their genetic cousins, the tomato, potato, tobacco and eggplant. Ever since, English doctor turned botanist Robert Morrison described 33 species of Chile peppers in his study, 'Plantarum Historiae Universalis Oxonniensis', published in 1680, there has been much argument and debate amongst botanists and taxonomists as to the number and classification of Capsicum species. After much argument and amendment, it is now widely accepted that the genus Capsicum consists of five domesticated species and twenty-six wild species. Due to the ease at which the domesticated species in particular cross pollinate with each other and the active development and hybridisation of new varieties often for marketing purposes, there is now a baffling range of varieties available making classification and increasingly difficult task. More detailed information and picture illustrations of each of these species and their numerous cultivars can be found in thechileman's database . To refine your search, be sure to select the appropriate species from the drop down list. The five domesticated species Annuum, Baccatum, Chinense, Frutescens and Pubescens are the most commonly available species to the Chile enthusiast and each species has its own distinguishing characteristics. Capsicum Annuum (ANN-you-um) Annuum meaning 'annual' is actually an incorrect designation given that Chiles are perennials under suitable growing conditions. This species is the most common and extensively cultivated of the five domesticated species and includes the Ancho, Bell Pepper, Cayenne, Cherry, Cuban, De Arbol, Jalapeno, Mirasol, Ornamental, New Mexican, Paprika, Pimiento, Pequin, Serrano, Squash and Wax pod types. Annuum's used to be dividend into two categories, sweet (or mild) peppers and hot Chile peppers. However, modern plant breeding has removed that distinction as hot bell varieties and sweet Jalapenos have now been bred. Capsicum Chinense (chi-NEN-see) Chinense meaning 'from China' is also a misnomer as this species originated in the Amazon Basin and is now common throughout the Caribbean, Central and South America and in the tropics. This species includes many of the world's hottest cultivars including the Habanero, Scotch Bonnet and the legendary Red Savina. The pod types, as well as the plants are very varied in this species although they are characterised by a distinctive fruity aroma often described as apricot like. The Chinense being a tropical species tend to do best in areas of high humidity. They are relatively slower growers, having longer growing seasons than many of the other species and seeds can take a long time to germinate. Capsicum Baccatum (bah-COT-tum or bah-KAY-tum) Baccatum meaning 'berry-like' consists of the South American cultivars known as Aji's. They are almost as many baccatum cultivars as annuums with pods ranging from non-pungent to very hot. The baccatum species is generally distinguished from the other species by the yellow or tan spots on the corollas (on the flowers) and by the yellow anthers. Many of the baccatum species are tall growing, often reaching 5 feet in height and pods are usually erect and become pendant as they mature. Capsicum Frutescens (fru-TES-enz) Frutescens meaning
24-hour clock The 24-hour time system has its origins in the Egyptian astronomical system of decans, and has been used for centuries by scientists, astronomers, navigators, and horologists. In East Asia, time notation was 24-hour before westernization in modern times. Western-made clocks were changed into 12 dual-hours style when they were shipped to China in the Qing dynasty. There are many surviving examples of clocks built using the 24-hour system, including the famous Orloj in Prague, and the Shepherd Gate Clock at Greenwich.[citation needed]
Chondromalacia Patella Chondromalacia Patella Jump to page Chondromalacia patella (CMP) involves damage to the articular cartilage which is the smooth hard cartilage under the kneecap. Symptoms Symptoms are similar to that of patellofemoral pain syndrome with pain and swelling at the front of the knee especially over and around the kneecap or patella. It is often worse when walking downstairs or after sitting for long periods, known as movie-goers knee or theater knee. A grinding or clicking feeling called cerpitus can be felt when bending and straightening the knee. What is chondromalacia patella? CMP results from damage to the cartilage which covers the back of the patella or kneecap. This smooth hard cartilage is known as hyaline cartilage or articular cartilage and its purpose is to allow smooth movement of the patella over the femur or thigh bone in the knee. The cause can be either acute from a sudden impact or from a long standing overuse injury. Acute injuries normally occur when the front of the knee cap suffers an impact, such as falling directly onto it, or being hit from the front. This results is small tears or roughening of the cartilage. In overuse cases, the cause of the damage is usually repetitive rubbing of part of the cartilage against the underlying bone. In a healthy knee the movement of the Patella across the knee is a smooth gliding movement. In individuals with CMP, the kneecap rubs against the part of the joint behind it, resulting in inflammation, degeneration and pain. This can be for a number of reasons, but is usually due to the position of the patella itself. The most common feature of CMP is patella mal-tracking. Usually the patella moves sideways towards the outside of the knee due to muscle imbalances. The quadriceps muscles and other tissues such as the retinaculum are too tight on the outside of the knee and the vastus medialis oblique muscle is weak on the inside of the knee. Other structural problems include Patella alta, which refers to a high patella and patella baja which refers to a low patella. Chondromalacia patellae is common in young athletes who are often otherwise injury free. Its incidence is also highest in women due to their higher Q angle. It is also more common in those who have experienced previous traumatic knee injuries such as fractures and dislocations. CMP is often confused with Patello Femoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS) as CMP is often a result of PFPS. However, they can both occur in isolation. Treatment Other than rest and applying ice and compression to reduce swelling there is not much the athlete can do themselves to cure Chondromalacia patella. The causes need to be identified and corrected if possible. A sports medical professional will advise on treatment and rehabilitation program consisting of the following: Knee joint assessment - Assessing the knee joint to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other injuries is important. Swelling, range of movement and pain levels as well as look at any muscle wasting or tight structures in the knee which may be contributing to the Chondromalacia patella can be determined. They will also look at biomechanical factors such as over pronation where the foot rolls in or flattens causing the lower leg to rotate and knee to twist. You may be referred for x-rays to help confirm the diagnosis. However, standard x-rays are often normal in this condition, although they may rule out other injuries. An MRI scan may be ordered instead of an x-ray as this is more likely to confirm the diagnosis. Reducing pain and inflammation - Rest and application of cold therapy and compression wraps can help reduce pain and swelling in the knee joint. A doctor may prescribe anti-inflammatory medication such as ibuprofen . This will help reduce pain, inflammation and swelling. Check with a doctor before taking medication as Ibuprofen should not be taken if you have asthma. Patella taping to encourage correct tracking of the kneecap is often done and can instantly reduce pain by preventing the kneecap constantly rubbing on the sore spot. We demonstrate two different patella taping techniques. This first patella taping technique is done to control the position of the patella and is often applied for performing CMP exercises. The second general patella taping technique is ideal for returning to sport as it encourages correct patella tracking but is not restrictive. A patella knee support can help support the patella and relieve pain. Exercises - A full knee rehabilitation program with specific exercises should be done. Exercises are usually aimed at increasing the strength of the vastus medialis muscle on the inside of the knee and stretching the lateral quadricep muscle on the outside of the knee. Sports massage can help relax the lateral structures of the knee. Surgery is not common although can be a last resort if exercise rehabilitation has not worked. Surgery is via an arthroscopy or keyhole surgery where the damaged cartilage is removed or shaved off.
It's not too steep, and being a road (albeit a bad road) makes the walking straight-forward. Munjina contains the actual summit of Meharry, while Mount Bruce contains the access road from the West. The Mount Bruce also contains the summit of Mount Bruce, Western Australia's second highest mountain and great climb. Remember, both maps are 1:100,000 so the detail is not very good, and the reality is you don't really require these maps to get to the summit.
Bahrain -LRB- -LSB- bɑːˈreɪn -RSB- البحرين -RRB- , officially the Kingdom of Bahrain , is a small Arab monarchy in the Arabian Gulf . It is an island country consisting of a small archipelago centered around Bahrain Island , situated between the Qatar peninsula and the north eastern coast of Saudi Arabia , to which it is connected by the 25 km King Fahd Causeway . Bahrain 's population is 1,234,571 -LRB- c. 2010 -RRB- , including 666,172 non-nationals . It is 780 km2 in size , making it the third smallest nation in Asia after the Maldives and Singapore . Bahrain is the site of the ancient Dilmun civilisation . It has been famed since antiquity for its pearl fisheries , which were considered the best in the world into the 19th century . Bahrain was one of the earliest areas to convert to Islam -LRB- 628 -RRB- . Following a period of Arab rule , Bahrain was occupied by the Portuguese in 1521 , who in turn were expelled in 1602 by Shah Abbas I of the Safavid dynasty under the Persian Empire . In 1783 , the Bani Utbah clan captured Bahrain from Nasr Al-Madhkur and it has since been ruled by the Al Khalifa royal family , with Ahmed al Fateh as Bahrain 's first hakim . In the late 1800s , following successive treaties with the British , Bahrain became a protectorate of the United Kingdom . In 1971 , Bahrain declared independence . Formerly an emirate , Bahrain was declared a Kingdom in 2002 . In 2011 , the country experienced protests inspired by the regional Arab Spring . Bahrain had the first post-oil economy in the Arabian Gulf . Since the late 20th century , Bahrain has invested in the banking and tourism sectors . Many large financial institutions have a presence in Manama , the country 's capital . Bahrain has a high Human Development Index and was recognised by the World Bank as a high income economy .
Michael Richard Pence -LRB- born June 7 , 1959 -RRB- is an American politician , lawyer , and the 48th and current Vice President of the United States . He previously served as the 50th Governor of Indiana from 2013 to 2017 . Born and raised in Columbus , Indiana , Pence graduated from Hanover College and earned a law degree from the Indiana University Robert H. McKinney School of Law before entering private practice . After losing two bids for a U.S. congressional seat in 1988 and 1990 , he became a conservative radio and television talk show host from 1994 to 1999 . Pence was elected to the United States Congress in 2000 and represented and in the United States House of Representatives from 2001 to 2013 . He served as the chairman of the House Republican Conference from 2009 to 2011 . Pence positioned himself as a principled ideologue and supporter of the Tea Party movement , noting he was `` a Christian , a conservative , and a Republican , in that order . '' Upon becoming Governor of Indiana in January 2013 , Pence initiated the largest tax cut in Indiana 's history , pushed for more funding for education initiatives , and continued to increase the state 's budget surplus . Pence signed bills intended to restrict abortions , including one that prohibited abortions if the reason for the procedure was the fetus 's race , gender , or disability . Pence stirred several high-profile controversies , including with his signature of the Religious Freedom Restoration Act , for which he encountered fierce resistance from moderate members of his party , the business community , and LGBT advocates . He later signed an additional bill acting as an amendment intended to protect LGBT people . On November 8 , 2016 , Pence was elected as Vice President , after he dropped out of his gubernatorial re-election campaign in July to become the vice presidential running mate for Republican presidential nominee Donald Trump , who went on to win the presidential election .
The flight distance from Bangkok, Thailand to Pattaya, Thailand is: The flight distance from Bangkok, Thailand to Pattaya, Thailand is:61 miles /99 km City: Check-in: Check-out: Rooms: Travelers: Get: Get: From: To: How far is Pattaya from Bangkok? Flight path from Bangkok, Thailand to Pattaya, Thailand More trip calculationsflight time from Bangkok, Thailand to Pattaya, Thailanddirect flights from Bangkok, Thailand to Pattaya, Thailandreverse flying distance from Pattaya, Thailand to Bangkok, Thailandairlines that fly to Pattaya, Thailandairports near Pattaya, Thailandhotels near Pattaya, Thailandfly or drive from Bangkok, Thailand to Pattaya, Thailanddriving distance from Bangkok, Thailand to Pattaya, Thailanddriving time from Bangkok, Thailand to Pattaya, Thailandcost of driving from Bangkok, Thailand to Pattaya, Thailandhalfway between Bangkok, Thailand and Pattaya, Thailandtime difference between Bangkok, Thailand and Pattaya, Thailand
Uncinia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Cyperaceae, known as hook-sedges in Australia and as "hook grasses" or "bastard grasses" in New Zealand. The genus is characterised by the presence of a long hook formed by an extension of the rachilla, which is used to attach the fruit to passing animals (epizoochory), especially birds, and it is this feature which gives the genus its name, from the Latin "uncinus", meaning a hook or barb.
At least 24 people were confirmed killed after a camp for internally displaced people was attacked in Sudan's West Darfur, an international peacekeeping official said on Wednesday, as top officials arrived to try to calm the violence.Krinding Camp, just east of state capital el-Geneina, was raided on Dec. 29-30 following a dispute between Arab and African ethnic groups, said Ashraf Eissa, a spokesman for the joint African Union-United Nations peacekeeping mission in Darfur, UNAMID."The Arab tribesman's people came to the IDP camp and started shooting and killing and burning," he said."Then relatives went to the hospital and threatened hospital staff at gunpoint and destroyed the blood bank ... and when a government of Sudan policeman tried to intervene he was shot and killed."Brokering lasting peace in Darfur and other parts of Sudan is one of the main challenges facing military and civilian authorities sharing power following the overthrow of former president Omar al-Bashir last April.
Low Blood Albumin in Dogs. Hypoalbuminemia in Dogs. When the levels of albumin in a dog's blood serum are abnormally low, it is said to have hypoalbuminemia. A protein formed in the liver and carried into the blood, albumin is responsible for regulating blood volume by controlling pressure in the blood compartment.
Dangerous Beauty is a 1998 American biographical drama film directed by Marshall Herskovitz and starring Catherine McCormack , Rufus Sewell , and Oliver Platt . Based on the non-fiction book The Honest Courtesan by Margaret Rosenthal , the film is about Veronica Franco , a courtesan in sixteenth-century Venice who becomes a hero to her city , but later becomes the target of an inquisition by the Church for witchcraft . The film features a supporting cast that includes Fred Ward , Naomi Watts , Moira Kelly and Jacqueline Bisset . The film was released as A Destiny of Her Own in some regions , and was retitled The Honest Courtesan ' for its UK video release .
The dynasty lost control of peripheral territories bit by bit. In return for promises of support against the British and the French, the Russian Empire took large chunks of territory in the Northeast in 1860. The period of cooperation between the reformers and the European powers ended with the Tientsin Massacre of 1870, which was incited by the murder of French nuns set off by the belligerence of local French diplomats. Starting with the Cochinchina Campaign in 1858, France expanded control of Indochina. By 1883, France was in full control of the region and had reached the Chinese border. The Sino-French War began with a surprise attack by the French on the Chinese southern fleet at Fuzhou. After that the Chinese declared war on the French. A French invasion of Taiwan was halted and the French were defeated on land in Tonkin at the Battle of Bang Bo. However Japan threatened to enter the war against China due to the Gapsin Coup and China chose to end the war with negotiations. The war ended in 1885 with the Treaty of Tientsin (1885) and the Chinese recognition of the French protectorate in Vietnam.
The Jump is a British television series that follows celebrities as they try to master various winter sports including skeleton, bobsleigh, snowskates, ski cross, and giant slalom. Davina McCall and Alex Brooker presented the first series, with McCall returning for future series. Brooker did not return for future series however. Winter Olympic skier Graham Bell and skeleton gold medallist Amy Williams put the celebrities through training in the UK and Austria. Britain's first Olympic ski jumper, Eddie "The Eagle" Edwards, appears live on the show to demonstrate the ski jump.
Sir Alfred Joseph Hitchcock -LRB- 13 August 1899 -- 29 April 1980 -RRB- was an English film director and producer , at times referred to as `` The Master of Suspense '' . He pioneered many elements of the suspense and psychological thriller genres . He had a successful career in British cinema with both silent films and early talkies and became renowned as England 's best director . Hitchcock moved to Hollywood in 1939 , and became a U.S. citizen in 1955 . Hitchcock became a highly visible public figure through interviews , movie trailers , cameo appearances in his own films , and the ten years in which he hosted the television programme Alfred Hitchcock Presents -LRB- 1955 -- 1965 -RRB- . He also fashioned for himself a recognisable directorial style . Hitchcock 's stylistic trademarks include the use of camera movement that mimics a person 's gaze , forcing viewers to engage in a form of voyeurism . In addition , he framed shots to maximise anxiety , fear , or empathy , and used innovative forms of film editing . His work often features fugitives on the run alongside `` icy blonde '' female characters . In 1978 , film critic John Russell Taylor described Hitchcock as `` the most universally recognizable person in the world '' , and `` a straightforward middle-class Englishman who just happened to be an artistic genius '' . Prior to 1980 , there had long been talk of Hitchcock being knighted for his contribution to film . Critic Roger Ebert wrote : `` Other British directors like Sir Carol Reed and Sir Charlie Chaplin were knighted years ago , while Hitchcock , universally considered by film students to be one of the greatest filmmakers of all time , was passed over '' . Hitchcock later received his knighthood from Queen Elizabeth II in the 1980 New Year Honours . Hitchcock directed more than fifty feature films in a career spanning six decades and is often regarded as one of the most influential directors in cinematic history . Following a 2007 critics ' poll by Britain 's Daily Telegraph in which he was ranked Britain 's greatest filmmaker , one scholar wrote : `` Hitchcock did more than any director to shape modern cinema , which would be utterly different without him . His flair was for narrative , cruelly withholding crucial information -LRB- from his characters and from the audience -RRB- and engaging the emotions of the audience like no one else . '' Hitchcock 's first thriller , The Lodger : A Story of the London Fog -LRB- 1926 -RRB- , helped shape the thriller genre in film . His 1929 film , Blackmail , is often cited as the first British sound feature film , while Rear Window -LRB- 1954 -RRB- , Vertigo -LRB- 1958 -RRB- , North by Northwest -LRB- 1959 -RRB- , and Psycho -LRB- 1960 -RRB- are regularly ranked among the greatest films of all time .
Tchaikovsky's 'The Queen of Spades' : NPR Tchaikovsky's 'The Queen of Spades' Tchaikovsky's 'The Queen of Spades' From the Vienna State Opera January 4, 200812:00 AM ET WHO'S WHO? Vienna State Opera Orchestra and Chorus Seiji Ozawa, conductor Hermann (tenor Neil Shicoff) finds himself alone with his obsessions in Tchaikovsky's The Queen of Spades at the Vienna State Opera. Axel Zeininger/Wiener Staatsoper GmbH hide caption toggle caption Axel Zeininger/Wiener Staatsoper GmbH Peter Ilyitch Tchaikovsky's The Queen of Spades is a first-rate example of great literature that's further enlightened when set to great music. The opera is based on a groundbreaking story by Alexander Pushkin. In it, he wrote that "two obsessions can no more exist in the same mind than two bodies can exist in the same space." If you doubt that statement, or think it's for the best, just read the story — or have a listen to Tchaikovsky's bleak, operatic version of the tale. Then think again. Pushkin's unfortunate hero is a fellow called Hermann, who seems to have a dysfunctional soul. He observes the social lives of his friends, but stays to himself and won't participate. When a beautiful woman offers him love and companionship, he brutally exploits her for personal gain. In short, Pushkin's Hermann isn't exactly a barrel of laughs. Still, his ultimate fate does seem like a natural byproduct of his flawed personality. Tchaikovsky's take on his story is every bit as grim as the original — and maybe grimmer, thanks to an extra layer of sentiment. In the opera, Hermann isn't quite such a cold fish — at least not at first. When he meets Lisa the two instantly fall in love, and he's overjoyed. But that love gets tangled up with obsessive greed and, in a way, the opera becomes even more tragic than Pushkin's story. Tchaikovsky gives Hermann every chance to live a meaningful and satisfying life — which in turn makes his self-destruction feel wildly irrational and sadly unnecessary. Article continues after sponsorship On World of Opera, host Lisa Simeone brings us a production of The Queen of Spades from one of the world's great musical venues, the Vienna State Opera, with renowned tenor Neil Shicoff starring as Hermann. The Story of 'The Queen of Spades' Email January 3, 20085:00 PM ET Obsessed and desperate, Hermann (Neil Shicoff) inadvertently kills the Countess (Anja Silja) in Tchaikovsky's The Queen of Spades, performed by the Vienna State Opera. Axel Zeininger/Wiener Staatsoper GmbH hide caption toggle caption Axel Zeininger/Wiener Staatsoper GmbH ACT ONE: The opera is set in 18th-century St. Petersburg, and the first scene is in the city's Summer Garden. Three Russian soldiers are talking about last night's card game — and about their friend Hermann, who watched the game but refused to join in. Hermann arrives and says he's in love with a woman he has never met; he has only watched her from a distance. A rich prince named Yeletsky announces his engagement to a young woman named Lisa, the granddaughter of an aging Countess. When Lisa and the Countess join Yeletsky, Hermann discovers that Lisa is the woman he has fallen for from afar. Yeletsky and the two women leave and Tomsky, one of Hermann's friends, tells the Countess' story. When she was young, she was a rabble-rouser in the casinos of Paris. Once, after she lost a bundle playing cards, a mysterious man offered her the secret to winning big at the tables, in exchange for certain favors. The secret was a special sequence of three cards. She later shared it with her husband and with a young lover. But the Countess was warned that when a third man asked for it, she would die. A storm comes up, and Hermann is left alone in the garden. He decides that the Countess' secret to winning at cards is also his secret to winning Lisa. She'd never accept him as he is — he's too poor. But maybe, if he wins enough money, he can also win Lisa's heart. In the second scene, Lisa is in her room with friends. Their singing disturbs the Countess, so the friends leave and Lisa is alone. We find that her engagement to Ye
Health (formerly "In Health") is an American magazine focused on women's health. It was purchased by Time Inc. in 1991. The company now operates as a part of Time's Southern Progress Corporation. The magazine's topics range from diet to dealing with life issues such as relationships and stress. Additionally, this website offers fashion and beauty tips, various food recipes, and articles that can encourage people to be happy and healthy. Since 1999, "Health" has published its annual beauty awards, highlighting top products in categories like skincare. It occasionally features cover stories on celebrities such as Marcia Cross and Elisabeth Röhm and tips from Bethenny Frankel, a celebrity chef. In 2008, the magazine underwent an extensive layout makeover under the direction of Michael Grossman. Its circulation totals over six million readers.
Ancient Troy: The City & the Legend Ancient Troy: The City & the Legend By Owen Jarus, Live Science Contributor \| July 16, 2013 02:54am ET MORE The name Troy refers both to a place in legend and a real-life archaeological site. In legend, Troy is a city that was besieged for 10 years and eventually conquered by a Greek army led by King Agamemnon. The reason for this “Trojan War” was, according to Homer’s "Iliad," the abduction of Helen, a queen from Sparta . This abduction was done by Paris, the son of Troy’s King Priam. Throughout the "Iliad" the gods constantly intervene in support of characters on both sides of the conflict. Troy also refers to a real-life ancient city located on the northwest coast of Turkey which, since antiquity, has been identified by many as being the Troy discussed in the legend. Whether the Trojan War actually took place, and whether the site in northwest Turkey is the same Troy, is a matter of debate. The modern-day Turkish name for the site is Hisarlik. The idea that the city was Troy goes back at least 2,700 years, when the ancient Greeks were colonizing northwest Turkey. In the 19th century, the idea again came to popular attention when a German businessman and early archaeologist, Heinrich Schliemann, conducted a series of excavations at Hisarlik and discovered treasures he claimed to be from King Priam. Troy the legend The Trojan War is believed to have taken place near the end of the Bronze Age. That is around or before 1200 B.C. It took place around the time that a civilization that we call Mycenaean flourished in Greece. They built great palaces and developed a system of writing. The earliest accounts of this war come from Homer, who lived around the eighth century B.C., several centuries after the events took place. They do not appear to have been written down until even later, likely during the sixth century B.C., when a tyrant named Peisistratus ruled Athens. Homer’s "Iliad" is set in the 10th year of the siege against Troy and tells of a series of events that appear to have taken place over a few weeks. The story makes clear that the siege had taken its toll on the Greek force sent to recover Helen. The “timbers of our ships have rotted away and the cables are broken and far away are our wives and our young children,” the poem reads (translation by Richmond Lattimore). The war had essentially become a stalemate with the Greeks unable to take the city and the Trojans unable to drive them back into the sea. We “sons of the Achaians [Greeks] outnumber the Trojans — those who live in the city; but there are companions from other cities in their numbers, wielders of the spear to help them,” the "Iliad" reads. A number of key events happen in the poem, including a duel between Menelaos or Menelaus), the king of Sparta and husband of Helen, against Paris. The winner is supposed to receive Helen as a prize, ending the war. However, the gods intervene to break up the duel before it is finished and the war continues. Another important duel occurs nears the end of the poem between Achilleus (or Achilles) and a great Trojan warrior named Hektor (or Hector). The Trojan knows that he’s no match for the Greek warrior and initially runs three laps around Troy, with Achilleus chasing him. Finally, the gods force him to face the Greek warrior and he is in turn killed. Contrary to popular belief, the "Iliad" does not end with the destruction of Troy but with a temporary truce after which the fighting presumably continues. Another Homeric work called the "Odyssey" is set after the destruction of the city and features the Greek hero Odysseus trying to get home. That poem briefly references how the Greeks took Troy using the famous “Trojan Horse,” a gift concealing warriors within. “What a thing was this, too, which that mighty man wrought and endured in the carven horse, wherein all we chiefs of the Argives were sitting, bearing to the Trojans death and fate!” reads part of the poem (Translation by A.T. Murray through Perseus Digital Library). The city’s origin The site of Hisarlik, in nor
My Two Dads Each week, the mix-ups and trials of two single men raising a teenage daughter provide the stories. Judge Margaret W. Wilbur (Florence Stanley), a family court judge who gave custody of Nicole to Michael and Joey, frequently visits the new family. She bought the building in which Joey lived, so is now the live-in landlord. Michael originally has his own condo uptown, but in Episode 2, Nicole stages a sit in at school because she feels she had no home, and the men decide it is better to all live in one home. They choose Joey's loft.
Horse Soldiers (2009) is a book written by Doug Stanton about US forces in Afghanistan. The Horse Soldiers (1959) is a drama film set in Mississippi during the American Civil War. Loosely based on Harold Sinclair's 1965 novel by the same name, it was directed by John Ford and starred John Wayne, William Holden and Constance Towers. Althea Gibson, US tennis champion, had a minor role and insisted that her dialogue be rewritten, as she found its dialect demeaning.
They put themselves above the health of groups and institutions. For example, the WWII generation was ok with taxes to fund schools, infrastructure, and other public amenities. Few, or no, Baby Boomers had to take out college loans because the tuition was subsidized with tax dollars. Today few middle class kids can get through with out at least tens of thousands of dollars in debt.
Durable medical equipment is defined as reusable medical equipment like wheelchairs, walkers, crutches, hospital beds and more. It also includes home oxygen equipment and power chairs. If you need durable medical equipment, it is very important to understand the rules and regulations your insurance carrier or Medicare uses to govern the acquisition and use of this equipment.
It's negligible. Yes the entire purpose of putting water on fire is too remove the heat source side of the 3 sides of the fire triangle (heat source, fuel, oxygen). However, most of this energy transfer occurs as the water turns to steam (so I am told, I do not know the particulars of this). And therefore, the effect of using cold vs hot water to fight the fire is therefore negligible. Yes it is more efficient, but its < 1% gain due to the steaming process having such a large advantage in this cooling effect.
3D Shapes 3D Shapes There are many types of three-dimensional shapes. You've surely seen spheres and cubes before. In this lesson, you'll learn about polyhedra — three-dimensional shapes whose faces are polygons — and you'll also learn about two special types of polyhedra: prisms and pyramids. Polyhedra A die is in the shape of a cube. A portable DVD player is in the shape of a rectangular prism. A soccer ball is in the shape of a truncated icosahedron. These shapes are all examples of polyhedra. A three-dimensional shape whose faces are polygons is known as a polyhedron. This term comes from the Greek words poly, which means "many," and hedron, which means "face." So, quite literally, a polyhedron is a three-dimensional object with many faces. The faces of a cube are squares. The faces of a rectangular prism are rectangles. And the faces of a truncated icosahedron are pentagons and hexagons — there are some of each. The other parts of a polyhedron are its edges, the line segments along which two faces intersect, and its vertices, the points at which three or more faces meet. Next: Explore Prisms
Sesame Square is a Nigerian version of "Sesame Street". It is West Africa's first "Sesame Street" adaptation. Nigerians produce and voice the series in Standard English. The show is scheduled to have three seasons, with the first containing 26 episodes, one for each letter of the English alphabet. It is due to be screened on Nigerian Television Authority network. The set of "Sesame Square" resembles a traditional Nigerian village with a central mango tree. The series stars Kami, an HIV-positive Muppet (who was originally part of the South African version of Sesame Street), and Zobi, a blue, furry Muppet who is a 'Yam Monster' (the Nigerian version of the Cookie Monster in the American original). He often shouts out, "me eat yam!" It will also feature segments from the American original including famous characters such as Big Bird and Bert and Ernie. The characters will be revoiced, however, to give them Nigerian accents. The opening theme tune is "Welcome to Sesame Square" and includes the use of talking drums. These are the segments were dubbed in Global Grover, Play with Me Sesame, Elmo's World, Bert and Ernie's Great Adventures, and Sesame Street English. In addition to teaching letters and numbers, the show aims to educate children about malaria prevention, promote Nigerian unity through the representation of the diverse groups that make-up the country and to help remove the stigma of being HIV-positive. It is the second foreign co-production of Sesame Street to be shown entirely in English, the first being Northern Ireland's "Sesame Tree".
Lymelife is a 2008 independent comedy-drama film written by brothers Derick Martini and Steven Martini , and directed by Derick Martini , depicting aspects of their life in 1970s Long Island from the perspective of a teenager . The film stars Alec Baldwin , Rory Culkin , and Emma Roberts . Martin Scorsese served as an executive producer . The film debuted at the 2008 Toronto International Film Festival , in September 2008 and won the International Federation of Film Critics Award -LRB- FIPRESCI -RRB- . After its theatrical release in 2009 , writer director Derick Martini was nominated for a Gotham Award for Breakthrough Director .
Blue Fairy \| Disney Wiki \| Fandom powered by Wikia “As I live and breathe...a fairy!” ―Jiminy Cricket upon witnessing the Blue Fairy for the first time The Blue Fairy is a major character in the 1940 Disney animated feature film Pinocchio . She is a magical being who, fulfilling Geppetto 's wish, transforms Pinocchio into a living being and later into a real boy. She also aids Pinocchio and Jiminy Cricket throughout their adventures, both directly and from afar. One of only two female characters in the film (the other being Cleo ), she is nevertheless one of the most powerful characters in the cast; it is she who initially grants Pinocchio life and who ultimately decides whether or not he should become a real boy. Contents Development Design In a story meeting of January 12 , 1939 , Walt Disney specified that the Blue Fairy was to 'give the appearance of loveliness... (but not look like) a glamour girl'. Early model sheets and inspirational sketches reflect this concept, depicting the character as an ethereal beauty with swirling, billowing clothes and loose, unkempt hair (to reflect the fact that the fairy has literally flown in). At some point in development, this design changed to a less ethereal figure, with human proportions. This final version of the character, with her glittery dress, solid hair, and more human proportions, suggests the inspiration of Jean Harlow and thus ultimately resembled the 'glamour girl' Disney had initially been anxious to avoid; however, Disney seemed pleased with this version of the character, whose newly-found sexual allure worked on both Jiminy Cricket and the men working on the film, who reportedly whistled on first seeing a color test of the Blue Fairy. Animation Jack Campbell's animation of the Blue Fairy closely followed live-action footage of Marge Champion (who was also the performance model for Snow White ) under the direction of Hamilton Luske. Oskar Fischinger, a famous abstract filmmaker from Germany who had been hired by Disney primarily to help with Fantasia 's abstract Toccata and Fugue in D Minor segment, was responsible for animation of the Blue Fairy's magic, including the effects surrounding her when she first enters the workshop and the beams of light emanating from her wand. Appearances Pinocchio The Blue Fairy having brought Pinocchio to life. The wishing star is first referred to in the film's opening song (with the Blue Fairy herself perhaps referred to in the song as "Fate herself"). When Jiminy Cricket begins his story, the wishing star is looking over Pinocchio's village , and it and the other stars are 'shining like diamonds'. It is not mentioned again in the film until, inside Geppetto's Workshop . After Figaro has opened the window, Geppetto notices the Wishing Star, and prays that the marionette Pinocchio becomes a real boy. Everyone in the workshop falls asleep; soon, however, Jiminy is woken by an ethereal glow caused by the star as it moves closer and closer to the window. Eventually, the Blue Fairy herself appears in the workshop, stating that Geppetto deserves his wish after the happiness he has brought to others. She walks to Pinocchio and, tapping the puppet with her wand, grants him life. She tells him that he must learn the difference between right and wrong in order to become a real boy. When Pinocchio appears not to understand, Jiminy interrupts to explain, and the Blue Fairy offers him the position of conscience to Pinocchio. Somewhat dumbstruck by her beauty, he agrees and is granted a new suit befitting his status. The Blue Fairy then leaves, reminding Pinocchio to "be a good boy, and always let your conscience be your guide." The Blue Fairy arrives to rescue Pinocchio. The Blue Fairy next appears after Stromboli has locked Pinocchio in a cage; the showman intends to use the wooden boy to make an enormous amount of money. Ashamed of doing the wrong thing, Pinocchio attempts to hide when he sees the wishing star approaching the caravan , though both he and Jiminy are spotted. The Blue Fairy asks Pinocchio why he did not attend school; lying, he
Cher -LRB- -LSB- ˈʃɛər -RSB- born Cherilyn Sarkisian , May 20 , 1946 -RRB- is an American singer and actress . Sometimes referred to as the Goddess of Pop , she has been described as embodying female autonomy in a male-dominated industry . She is known for her distinctive contralto singing voice and for having worked in numerous areas of entertainment , as well as adopting a variety of styles and appearances during her five-decade-long career . Cher gained popularity in 1965 as one-half of the folk rock husband-wife duo Sonny & Cher after their song `` I Got You Babe '' reached number one on the American and British charts . By the end of 1967 , they had sold 40 million records worldwide and had become , according to Time magazine , rock 's `` it '' couple . She began her solo career simultaneously , releasing in 1966 her first million-seller song , `` Bang Bang -LRB- My Baby Shot Me Down -RRB- '' . She became a television personality in the 1970s with her shows The Sonny & Cher Comedy Hour , watched by over 30 million viewers weekly during its three-year run , and Cher . She emerged as a fashion trendsetter by wearing elaborate outfits on her television shows . While working on television , she established herself as a solo artist with the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart-topping singles `` Gypsys , Tramps & Thieves '' , `` Half-Breed '' , and `` Dark Lady '' . After her divorce from Sonny Bono in 1975 , Cher launched a comeback in 1979 with the disco-oriented album Take Me Home and earned $ 300,000 a week for her 198082 residency show in Las Vegas . In 1982 , Cher made her Broadway debut in the play Come Back to the Five and Dime , Jimmy Dean , Jimmy Dean and starred in the film adaptation of the same title . She subsequently earned critical acclaim for her performances in films such as Silkwood -LRB- 1983 -RRB- , Mask -LRB- 1985 -RRB- , and Moonstruck -LRB- 1987 -RRB- , for which she won the Academy Award for Best Actress . She then revived her musical career by recording the rock-inflected albums Cher -LRB- 1987 -RRB- , Heart of Stone -LRB- 1989 -RRB- , and Love Hurts -LRB- 1991 -RRB- , all of which yielded several successful singles . She reached a new commercial peak in 1998 with the album Believe , whose title track became the biggest-selling single of all time by a female artist in the UK . It also features the pioneering use of Auto-Tune , also known as the `` Cher effect '' . Her 2002 -- 2005 Living Proof : The Farewell Tour became one of the highest-grossing concert tours of all time , earning $ 250 million . In 2008 , she signed a $ 180 million deal to headline the Colosseum at Caesars Palace in Las Vegas for three years . After seven years of absence , she returned to film in the 2010 musical Burlesque . Cher 's first studio album in 12 years , Closer to the Truth -LRB- 2013 -RRB- , became her highest-charting solo album in the U.S. to date at number three . Cher has won a Grammy Award , an Emmy Award , an Academy Award , three Golden Globe Awards , a Cannes Film Festival Award , and a special CFDA Fashion Award , among several other honors . Throughout her career , she has sold 100 million records worldwide , becoming one of the best-selling music artists in the music history . She is the only artist to date to have a number-one single on a Billboard chart in each decade from the 1960s to the 2010s . Outside of her music and acting , she is noted for her political views , philanthropic endeavors and social activism , including LGBT rights and HIV/AIDS prevention .
Unlike at home where you can burn your own CDs, DVDs or Blu-Rays they don't, and it would be to costly if they did. Instead they will make a master dye, this presses and imprints the contents onto another disc instantly by stamping it. Burned CDs and regular CDs are different, and are made differently as well. While a CD meant for burning using a polymere which can be easily "marker" by an intense laser during burning, so on a burned CD when reading it is looking for unburnt spots and burnt spots, or light and dark spots. On a CD from the store it uses a metalic backing which can be stamped, instead little grooves are pressed where needed, and the laser when reading tells the difference between the pits and the flat areas. Same with DVDs and Blu-rays, though the exact polymeres and metalic backing change depending on medium and use.
Laburnum anagyroides, laburnum - THE POISON GARDEN website THE POISON GARDEN website Laburnum anagyroides, common laburnum Summary This beautiful tree is one of the most feared of the poison plants (and produces the most searches of all of them) but it does not justify its harmful reputation. Many people who remove it from the garden leave other more dangerous plants in place. The A to Z list on the right has examples. Blog Entries This short video summarising the story of Laburnum is just one of a series. Family Meaning of the Name Laburnum Another circular definition. The only indication of the derivation of the word is that it is believed to have been a foreign word brought into Latin. The ‘urnum’ suffix in Latin usually means ‘belonging to’ so it is possible that the plant came from some place whose name has become shortened to ‘Lab’. Since some Laburnum species have common names related to cedar, it may be that the plant originated in Lebanon. Equally, it could be based on Liburni, the Illyrian people who gave their name to liburna, a light, swift sailing ship. It is, sometimes, said to be from 'labium' for 'lips' because of the leaf shape but, in his 1828 'Etymological Dictionary of the Latin Language', Francis Edward Jackson Valpy gives this explanation in the appendix of 'The Most Dubious Derivations'. anagyroides ‘Like Anagyris’, a genus of shrubs with similar seed pods. Common Names and Synonyms common laburnum, golden chain How Poisonous, How Harmful? Contains cytisine, a quinolizidine alkaloid whose effects are often described as being very similar to nicotine. It seems, however, that it is not nearly as strong a poison as nicotine. All parts of the tree are poisonous: roots, bark, wood, leaves, flower-buds, petals, and seedpods. The harmful part of the plant is the seedpods which are mistaken by children for peapods, usually after they have been shown how to eat fresh raw peas straight from the plant in the vegetable garden. In many cases of ingestion of a small number of seeds there are no symptoms. Where symptoms do occur these are usually nausea and vomiting. Higher doses can produce intense sleepiness, convulsive possibly tetanic movements, coma, slight frothing at the mouth and unequally dilated pupils. In 'Accidental poisoning deaths in British children 1958-77'* published by the British Medical Journal, Neil C Fraser writes 'Laburnum is frequently cited as the most toxic and commonly fatal poisonous plant in both children and adults, but there appears to be no report this century of a childhood poisoning death'. In a 1979 contribution to ‘The Lancet’ entitled ‘Have you Eaten Laburnum?’, R M Forrester says that there are around 3,000 hospital admissions due to Laburnum poisoning each year. This figure is arrived at by extrapolating from the number of cases reported in the north-west of England. Yet, there are no reported cases of deaths in children due to laburnum. Forrester says ‘It is suggested that laburnum is not as dangerous as has been thought and that many of these admissions are unnecessary’. There was a case, in 1970, where a paranoid schizophrenic, resident in a mental hospital, was believed to have committed suicide by eating a very large quantity of the fruits and this may have led to the belief that the tree was extremely dangerous. The case provided quite a puzzle for investigators since the man had had a brief conversation with a nurse only about ten minutes before death and had not reported or manifested any of the gastro-intestinal symptoms normally expected with severe laburnum poisoning. *The article also says that in the period covered there were three deaths of children under 10 attributed to plants. Even this low number is overstated since one death was due to fungi and in one of the other two 'the role of ingestion in the child's demise is doubtful'. Thus there may have b
Add two to three drops to the infected ear with a medicine dropper. Let the drops sit in the ear canal for five to 10 minutes and tilt your head to let them drain. This measure will help soften any crusted or hardened debris in the ear canal, which will, in turn, help wash any fungal colonies out of your ear.
Tyler Bates (born June 5, 1965) is an American musician, music producer, and composer for films, television, and video games. Much of his work is in the action and horror film genres, with films like "Dawn of the Dead, 300, Sucker Punch," and "John Wick." He has collaborated with directors like Zack Snyder, Rob Zombie, Neil Marshall, William Friedkin, Scott Derrickson, and James Gunn. With Gunn, he has scored every one of the director's films; including "Guardians of the Galaxy", which became one of the highest grossing domestic movies of 2014, and its 2017 sequel. In addition, he is also the lead guitarist of the American rock band Marilyn Manson, and produced its albums "The Pale Emperor" and "Heaven Upside Down".
Political divisions of the United States All state governments are modeled after the federal government and consist of three branches (although the three-branch structure is not Constitutionally required): executive, legislative, and judicial. They retain plenary power to make laws covering anything not preempted by the U.S. Constitution, federal statutes, or treaties ratified by the U.S. Senate, and are organized as presidential systems where the governor is both head of government and head of state (even though this too is not required). The various states are then typically subdivided into counties. Louisiana uses the term parish and Alaska uses the term borough for what the Census terms county equivalents in those states.
Pirates of the Caribbean (film series) The film series started in 2003 with Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl, which received positive reviews from critics and grossed US$654 million worldwide.[1] After the first film's success, Walt Disney Pictures revealed that a trilogy was in the works. The franchise's second film, subtitled Dead Man's Chest, was released three years later in 2006; the sequel proved successful, breaking financial records worldwide the day of its premiere. Dead Man's Chest ended up being the number one film of the year upon earning almost $1.1 billion at the worldwide box office. The third film in the series, subtitled At World's End, followed in 2007, and Disney released a fourth film, subtitled On Stranger Tides, in 2011 in conventional 2D, Digital 3-D and IMAX 3D. On Stranger Tides succeeded in also grossing more than $1 billion,[1] becoming the second film in the franchise and only the eighth film in history to achieve this.
The Power Elite The Power Elite is a 1956 book by sociologist C. Wright Mills, in which Mills calls attention to the interwoven interests of the leaders of the military, corporate, and political elements of society and suggests that the ordinary citizen is a relatively powerless subject of manipulation by those entities.

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