id int64 39 79M | url stringlengths 32 168 | text stringlengths 7 145k | source stringlengths 2 105 | categories listlengths 1 6 | token_count int64 3 32.2k | subcategories listlengths 0 27 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
18,769,762 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNIQUAC | In statistical thermodynamics, UNIQUAC (a portmanteau of universal quasichemical) is an activity coefficient model used in description of phase equilibria.
The model is a so-called lattice model and has been derived from a first order approximation of interacting molecule surfaces. The model is, however, not fully th... | UNIQUAC | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,628 | [
"Thermodynamic models",
"Thermodynamics"
] |
498,127 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldol%20reaction | The aldol reaction (aldol addition) is a reaction in organic chemistry that combines two carbonyl compounds (e.g. aldehydes or ketones) to form a new β-hydroxy carbonyl compound. Its simplest form might involve the nucleophilic addition of an enolized ketone to another:
These products are known as aldols, from the al... | Aldol reaction | [
"Chemistry"
] | 4,150 | [
"Coupling reactions",
"Carbon-carbon bond forming reactions",
"Organic reactions"
] |
498,165 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effective%20nuclear%20charge | In atomic physics, the effective nuclear charge of an electron in a multi-electron atom or ion is the number of elementary charges () an electron experiences by the nucleus. It is denoted by Zeff. The term "effective" is used because the shielding effect of negatively charged electrons prevent higher energy electrons f... | Effective nuclear charge | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 1,262 | [
"Chemical bonding",
"Condensed matter physics",
"nan"
] |
498,206 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dental%20material | Dental products are specially fabricated materials, designed for use in dentistry. There are many different types of dental products, and their characteristics vary according to their intended purpose.
Temporary dressings
A temporary dressing is a dental filling which is not intended to last in the long term. They are... | Dental material | [
"Physics"
] | 5,432 | [
"Materials",
"Dental materials",
"Matter"
] |
498,228 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon%E2%80%93carbon%20bond | A carbon–carbon bond is a covalent bond between two carbon atoms. The most common form is the single bond: a bond composed of two electrons, one from each of the two atoms. The carbon–carbon single bond is a sigma bond and is formed between one hybridized orbital from each of the carbon atoms. In ethane, the orbitals a... | Carbon–carbon bond | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 1,078 | [
"Chemical bonding",
"Condensed matter physics",
"nan"
] |
498,255 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldol%20condensation | An aldol condensation is a condensation reaction in organic chemistry in which two carbonyl moieties (of aldehydes or ketones) react to form a β-hydroxyaldehyde or β-hydroxyketone (an aldol reaction), and this is then followed by dehydration to give a conjugated enone.
The overall reaction equation is as follows (wher... | Aldol condensation | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,687 | [
"Condensation reactions",
"Carbon-carbon bond forming reactions",
"Organic reactions"
] |
499,429 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%27Alembert%27s%20principle | D'Alembert's principle, also known as the Lagrange–d'Alembert principle, is a statement of the fundamental classical laws of motion. It is named after its discoverer, the French physicist and mathematician Jean le Rond d'Alembert, and Italian-French mathematician Joseph Louis Lagrange. D'Alembert's principle generalize... | D'Alembert's principle | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,576 | [
"Lagrangian mechanics",
"Mechanics",
"Classical mechanics",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
500,163 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-replicating%20spacecraft | The concept of self-replicating spacecraft, as envisioned by mathematician John von Neumann, has been described by futurists and has been discussed across a wide breadth of hard science fiction novels and stories. Self-replicating probes are sometimes referred to as von Neumann probes. Self-replicating spacecraft wou... | Self-replicating spacecraft | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy",
"Technology",
"Biology"
] | 6,752 | [
"Exploratory engineering",
"Machines",
"Astronomical hypotheses",
"Self-replicating machines",
"Hypothetical spacecraft",
"Self-replication",
"Physical systems"
] |
500,959 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henderson%E2%80%93Hasselbalch%20equation | In chemistry and biochemistry, the Henderson–Hasselbalch equation
relates the pH of a chemical solution of a weak acid to the numerical value of the acid dissociation constant, Ka, of acid and the ratio of the concentrations, of the acid and its conjugate base in an equilibrium.
For example, the acid may be carboni... | Henderson–Hasselbalch equation | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,743 | [
"Acid–base chemistry",
"Equations of physics",
"Applied mathematics",
"Eponymous equations of physics",
"Equilibrium chemistry",
"nan",
"Mathematics in medicine"
] |
501,590 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hodge%20theory | In mathematics, Hodge theory, named after W. V. D. Hodge, is a method for studying the cohomology groups of a smooth manifold M using partial differential equations. The key observation is that, given a Riemannian metric on M, every cohomology class has a canonical representative, a differential form that vanishes und... | Hodge theory | [
"Engineering"
] | 3,988 | [
"Tensors",
"Differential forms",
"Hodge theory"
] |
501,758 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetocrystalline%20anisotropy | In physics, a ferromagnetic material is said to have magnetocrystalline anisotropy if it takes more energy to magnetize it in certain directions than in others. These directions are usually related to the principal axes of its crystal lattice. It is a special case of magnetic anisotropy. In other words, the excess en... | Magnetocrystalline anisotropy | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,688 | [
"Electric and magnetic fields in matter",
"Materials science",
"Magnetic ordering",
"Topology",
"Space",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Ferromagnetism",
"Geometry",
"Spacetime",
"Orientation (geometry)"
] |
501,773 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytochrome%20C1 | Cytochrome C1 (also known as Complex III subunit 4) is a protein encoded by the CYC1 gene. Cytochrome is a heme-containing subunit of the cytochrome b-c1 complex, which accepts electrons from Rieske protein and transfers electrons to cytochrome c in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. It is formed in the cytosol and t... | Cytochrome C1 | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 532 | [
"Biochemistry",
"Cellular respiration",
"Metabolism"
] |
24,018,375 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generalized%20Lotka%E2%80%93Volterra%20equation | The generalized Lotka–Volterra equations are a set of equations which are more general than either the competitive or predator–prey examples of Lotka–Volterra types. They can be used to model direct competition and trophic relationships between an arbitrary number of species. Their dynamics can be analysed analyticall... | Generalized Lotka–Volterra equation | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,476 | [
"Mathematical objects",
"Equations"
] |
24,018,403 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C7H14N2 | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C7H14N2}}
The molecular formula C7H14N2 (molar mass: 126.20 g/mol) may refer to:
Bispidine (3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane)
N,N'-Diisopropylcarbodiimide
Molecular formulas | C7H14N2 | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 82 | [
"Molecules",
"Set index articles on molecular formulas",
"Isomerism",
"Molecular formulas",
"Matter"
] |
24,021,039 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris%20inch | The Paris inch or pouce is an archaic unit of length that, among other uses, was common for giving the measurement of lenses. The Paris inch could be subdivided into 12 Paris lines (ligne), and 12 Paris inches made a Paris foot. The abbreviations are the same as for other inch and foot units, i.e.: for Paris foot a si... | Paris inch | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 317 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Optics",
"Units of length",
"Quantity",
" molecular",
"Atomic",
"Units of measurement",
" and optical physics"
] |
24,022,937 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C23H30N2O5 | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C23H30N2O5}}
The molecular formula C23H30N2O5 (molar mass: 414.50 g/mol) may refer to:
Deacetylvindoline
7-Hydroxymitragynine
Mitragynine pseudoindoxyl
Molecular formulas | C23H30N2O5 | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 72 | [
"Molecules",
"Set index articles on molecular formulas",
"Isomerism",
"Molecular formulas",
"Matter"
] |
24,023,788 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystatech | CrystaTech Inc. is a supplier of process technology to the energy industry. CrystaTech commercializes the patented Crystasulf process. CrystaSulf is the first commercially available product to provide low cost hydrogen sulfide (H2S) removal from gas streams.
The company was founded in 1999 and is financially backed by... | Crystatech | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 320 | [
"Green chemistry",
"Chemical engineering",
"Environmental chemistry",
"nan",
"Chemical process engineering"
] |
24,024,923 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identifiable%20victim%20effect | The identifiable victim effect is the tendency of individuals to offer greater aid when a specific, identifiable person ("victim") is observed under hardship, as compared to a large, vaguely defined group with the same need.
The identifiable victim effect has two components. People are more inclined to help an identi... | Identifiable victim effect | [
"Biology"
] | 4,402 | [
"Behavioral finance",
"Behavior",
"Human behavior"
] |
27,248,907 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircraft%20gross%20weight | The aircraft gross weight (also known as the all-up weight and abbreviated AUW) is the total aircraft weight at any moment during the flight or ground operation.
An aircraft's gross weight will decrease during a flight due to fuel and oil consumption. An aircraft's gross weight may also vary during a flight due to pay... | Aircraft gross weight | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,490 | [
"Aircraft weight measurements",
"Mass",
"Matter",
"Aerospace engineering"
] |
27,249,202 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum%20landing%20weight | The maximum landing weight (MLW), also known as the maximum structural landing weight or maximum structural landing mass, is the maximum aircraft gross weight due to design or operational limitations at which an aircraft is permitted to land. The MLW is set in order to ensure safe landings; if an aircraft weighs too he... | Maximum landing weight | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 488 | [
"Aircraft weight measurements",
"Mass",
"Matter",
"Aerospace engineering"
] |
27,250,934 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical%20metallurgy | Chemical metallurgy is the science of obtaining metals from their concentrates, semi products, recycled bodies and solutions, and of considering reactions of metals with an approach of disciplines belonging to chemistry. As such, it involves reactivity of metals and it is especially concerned with the reduction and oxi... | Chemical metallurgy | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 116 | [
"Metallurgy",
"Materials science",
"nan"
] |
27,258,233 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynashift | Dynashift is a type of gearbox on many Massey Ferguson tractors. In May 2006 Tier 3 Compliant gearboxes were released, and the production of Dynashift halted.
References
it consists of a four-stage gear shifter that does not need the clutch to be pressed.
Automobile transmissions | Dynashift | [
"Engineering"
] | 60 | [
"Mechanical engineering stubs",
"Mechanical engineering"
] |
22,517,546 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmium%20borides | Osmium borides are compounds of osmium and boron. Their most remarkable property is potentially high hardness. It is thought that a combination of high electron density of osmium with the strength of boron-osmium covalent bonds will make osmium borides superhard materials, however this has not been demonstrated yet. Fo... | Osmium borides | [
"Physics"
] | 254 | [
"Materials",
"Superhard materials",
"Matter"
] |
22,517,908 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okeanomyces | Okeanomyces is a genus of fungi in the family Halosphaeriaceae. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Okeanomyces cucullatus, described as new to science in 2004.
References
Microascales
Monotypic Sordariomycetes genera
Fungus species | Okeanomyces | [
"Biology"
] | 64 | [
"Fungi",
"Fungus species"
] |
22,519,313 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell%20surface%20receptor | Cell surface receptors (membrane receptors, transmembrane receptors) are receptors that are embedded in the plasma membrane of cells. They act in cell signaling by receiving (binding to) extracellular molecules. They are specialized integral membrane proteins that allow communication between the cell and the extracellu... | Cell surface receptor | [
"Chemistry"
] | 2,575 | [
"Transmembrane receptors",
"Signal transduction"
] |
22,519,612 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific%20leaf%20area | Specific leaf area (SLA) is the ratio of leaf area to leaf dry mass. The inverse of SLA is Leaf Mass per Area (LMA).
Rationale
Specific leaf area is a ratio indicating how much leaf area a plant builds with a given amount of leaf biomass:
where A is the area of a given leaf or all leaves of a plant, and ML is the dry... | Specific leaf area | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 735 | [
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Mass",
"Intensive quantities",
"Mass-specific quantities",
"Matter"
] |
22,523,849 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzopyrene | A benzopyrene is an organic compound with the formula C20H12. Structurally speaking, the colorless isomers of benzopyrene are pentacyclic hydrocarbons and are fusion products of pyrene and a phenylene group. Two isomeric species of benzopyrene are benzo[a]pyrene and the less common benzo[e]pyrene. They belong to the ch... | Benzopyrene | [
"Chemistry",
"Environmental_science"
] | 585 | [
"Endocrine disruptors",
"Carcinogens",
"Toxicology"
] |
19,908,550 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffusion | Diffusion is the net movement of anything (for example, atoms, ions, molecules, energy) generally from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. Diffusion is driven by a gradient in Gibbs free energy or chemical potential. It is possible to diffuse "uphill" from a region of lower concentratio... | Diffusion | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 6,953 | [
"Transport phenomena",
"Physical phenomena",
"Diffusion"
] |
19,912,599 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covalent%20superconductor | Covalent superconductors are superconducting materials where the atoms are linked by covalent bonds. The first such material was boron-doped synthetic diamond grown by the high-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) method. The discovery had no practical importance, but surprised most scientists as superconductivity had not ... | Covalent superconductor | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,108 | [
"Physical quantities",
"Superconductivity",
"Materials science",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Superconductors",
"Electrical resistance and conductance"
] |
8,404,649 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure%E2%80%93volume%20diagram | A pressure–volume diagram (or PV diagram, or volume–pressure loop) is used to describe corresponding changes in volume and pressure in a system. They are commonly used in thermodynamics, cardiovascular physiology, and respiratory physiology.
PV diagrams, originally called indicator diagrams, were developed in the 18th... | Pressure–volume diagram | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics",
"Technology"
] | 1,184 | [
"Physical quantities",
"Engines",
"Piston engines",
"Steam power",
"Power (physics)",
"Thermodynamics",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
8,413,399 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inorganic%20pyrophosphatase | Inorganic pyrophosphatase (or inorganic diphosphatase, PPase) is an enzyme () that catalyzes the conversion of one ion of pyrophosphate to two phosphate ions. This is a highly exergonic reaction, and therefore can be coupled to unfavorable biochemical transformations in order to drive these transformations to completio... | Inorganic pyrophosphatase | [
"Biology"
] | 1,228 | [
"Protein families",
"Protein classification"
] |
8,414,323 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood%20stage | Flood stage is the water level or stage at which the surface of a body of water has risen to a sufficient level to cause sufficient inundation of areas that are not normally covered by water, causing an inconvenience or a threat to life and property. When a body of water rises to this level, it is considered a flood ev... | Flood stage | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 1,226 | [
"Hydrology",
"Environmental engineering"
] |
8,414,493 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/174567%20Varda | {{Infobox planet
| minorplanet =
| name = 174567 Varda
| symbol = (astrological)
| background = #C2E0FF
| image = Varda.gif
| image_scale =
| caption = Hubble Space Telescope image of Varda and its satellite Ilmarë, taken in 2010 and 2011
| discovery_ref = ... | 174567 Varda | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 1,462 | [
"Concepts in astronomy",
"Unsolved problems in astronomy",
"Possible dwarf planets"
] |
8,414,812 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robel%20pole | A Robel pole is a device consisting of a vertical pole possessing alternating horizontal bands and a line of rope or cord. It is used by range ecologists, field biologists and other scientists to measure the density of vegetation and to quantify the volume of ground cover in a particular habitat using the visual obst... | Robel pole | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 179 | [
"Measuring instruments"
] |
25,400,526 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute%20for%20Nuclear%20Research%20and%20Nuclear%20Energy | Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy (INRNE) of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences is
the leading center for research and application of the nuclear physics in Bulgaria.
The research areas include:
Theory of the elementary particles, string theory, theory of atomic nuclei, soliton interactions and quantum... | Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 199 | [
"Nuclear research institutes",
"Nuclear and atomic physics stubs",
"Nuclear organizations",
"Nuclear physics"
] |
25,403,928 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grunwald%E2%80%93Winstein%20equation | In physical organic chemistry, the Grunwald–Winstein equation is a linear free energy relationship between relative rate constants and the ionizing power of various solvent systems, describing the effect of solvent as nucleophile on different substrates. The equation, which was developed by Ernest Grunwald and Saul Win... | Grunwald–Winstein equation | [
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 817 | [
"Equations",
"Mathematical objects",
"Physical organic chemistry"
] |
25,410,090 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swain%E2%80%93Lupton%20equation | In physical organic chemistry, the Swain–Lupton equation is a linear free energy relationship (LFER) that is used in the study of reaction mechanisms and in the development of quantitative structure activity relationships for organic compounds. It was developed by C. Gardner Swain and Elmer C. Lupton Jr. in 1968 as a... | Swain–Lupton equation | [
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,552 | [
"Equations",
"Mathematical objects",
"Physical organic chemistry"
] |
25,410,110 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yukawa%E2%80%93Tsuno%20equation | The Yukawa–Tsuno equation, first developed in 1959, is a linear free-energy relationship in physical organic chemistry. It is a modified version of the Hammett equation that accounts for enhanced resonance effects in electrophilic reactions of para- and meta-substituted organic compounds. This equation does so by intro... | Yukawa–Tsuno equation | [
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 898 | [
"Equations",
"Mathematical objects",
"Physical organic chemistry"
] |
13,056,002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saab%20Direct%20Ignition | Saab Direct Ignition is a capacitor discharge ignition developed by Saab Automobile, then known as Saab-Scania, and Mecel AB during the 1980s.
It was first shown in 1985 and put into series production in the Saab 9000 in 1988. One of the first instances of using the system was for a Formula Three racing engine (on B... | Saab Direct Ignition | [
"Technology"
] | 320 | [
"Engine technology",
"Engines"
] |
13,060,473 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LAPCAT | LAPCAT (Long-Term Advanced Propulsion Concepts and Technologies) was a 36-month European FP6 study to examine ways to produce engines for a Mach number 4-8 hypersonic flight aircraft. The project ended in April 2008. It was funded by the European Commission research and development fund (rather than ESA), and cost 7 mi... | LAPCAT | [
"Physics"
] | 604 | [
"Physical systems",
"Transport",
"Supersonic transports"
] |
13,060,570 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prokineticin%20receptor | The prokineticin receptor is a G protein-coupled receptor which binds the peptide hormone prokineticin. There are two variants each encoded by a different gene (PROKR1, PROKR2). These receptors mediate gastrointestinal smooth muscle contraction and angiogenesis.
References
External links
G protein-coupled rec... | Prokineticin receptor | [
"Chemistry"
] | 69 | [
"G protein-coupled receptors",
"Signal transduction"
] |
13,061,160 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free%20fatty%20acid%20receptor | Free fatty acid receptors (FFARs) are G-protein coupled receptors (GPRs). GPRs (also termed seven-(pass)-transmembrane domain receptors) are a large family of receptors. They reside on their parent cells' surface membranes, bind any one of a specific set of ligands that they recognize, and thereby are activated to elic... | Free fatty acid receptor | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,668 | [
"G protein-coupled receptors",
"Signal transduction"
] |
13,061,481 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super%20Conserved%20Receptor%20Expressed%20in%20Brain | The Super Conserved Receptor Expressed in Brain (SREB) family are a group of related G-protein coupled receptors. Since no endogenous ligands have yet been identified for these receptors, they are classified as orphan receptors. Receptors within the group include SREB1 (GPR27), SREB2 (GPR85), and SREB3 (GPR173).
Refer... | Super Conserved Receptor Expressed in Brain | [
"Chemistry"
] | 138 | [
"G protein-coupled receptors",
"Signal transduction"
] |
13,061,682 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platelet-activating%20factor%20receptor | The platelet-activating factor receptor (PAF-R) is a G-protein coupled receptor which binds platelet-activating factor. It is encoded in the human by the PTAFR gene.
The PAF receptor shows structural characteristics of the rhodopsin (MIM 180380) gene family and binds platelet-activating factor (PAF). PAF is a phosphol... | Platelet-activating factor receptor | [
"Chemistry"
] | 228 | [
"G protein-coupled receptors",
"Signal transduction"
] |
1,302,888 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BESS%20%28experiment%29 | BESS is a particle physics experiment carried by a balloon. BESS stands for Balloon-borne Experiment with Superconducting Spectrometer.
See also
BOOMERanG experiment
References
External links
BESS webpage on the NASA website
High energy particle telescopes
Cosmic-ray experiments
Balloon-borne experiments
Astronom... | BESS (experiment) | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 65 | [
"Astronomy stubs",
"Astrophysics",
"Astrophysics stubs",
"Particle physics",
"Particle physics stubs"
] |
1,305,071 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridge%20%28graph%20theory%29 | In graph theory, a bridge, isthmus, cut-edge, or cut arc is an edge of a graph whose deletion increases the graph's number of connected components. Equivalently, an edge is a bridge if and only if it is not contained in any cycle. For a connected graph, a bridge can uniquely determine a cut. A graph is said to be bridg... | Bridge (graph theory) | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,281 | [
"Mathematical relations",
"Graph connectivity",
"Graph theory"
] |
1,305,761 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afshar%20experiment | The Afshar experiment is a variation of the double-slit experiment in quantum mechanics, devised and carried out by Shahriar Afshar in 2004. In the experiment, light generated by a laser passes through two closely spaced pinholes, and is refocused by a lens so that the image of each pinhole falls on a separate single-p... | Afshar experiment | [
"Physics"
] | 2,189 | [
"Philosophy of physics",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Physics experiments",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Quantum measurement",
"Experimental physics"
] |
1,305,822 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dado%20%28architecture%29 | In architecture, the dado is the lower part of a wall, below the dado rail and above the skirting board. The word is borrowed from Italian meaning "dice" or "cube", and refers to "die", an architectural term for the middle section of a pedestal or plinth.
Decorative treatment
This area is given a decorative treatment ... | Dado (architecture) | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 332 | [
"Structural system",
"Types of wall",
"Structural engineering",
"Columns and entablature"
] |
1,305,947 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D%20printing | 3D printing, or additive manufacturing, is the construction of a three-dimensional object from a CAD model or a digital 3D model. It can be done in a variety of processes in which material is deposited, joined or solidified under computer control, with the material being added together (such as plastics, liquids or pow... | 3D printing | [
"Engineering"
] | 15,830 | [
"Industrial design",
"Design engineering",
"Design"
] |
1,306,999 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lang%20factor | The Lang Factor is an estimated ratio of the total cost of creating a process within a plant, to the cost of all major technical components. It is widely used in industrial engineering to calculate the capital and operating costs of a plant.
The factors were introduced by H. J. Lang and Dr Micheal Bird in Chemical Eng... | Lang factor | [
"Engineering"
] | 288 | [
"Industrial engineering"
] |
1,307,226 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable-width%20encoding | A variable-width encoding is a type of character encoding scheme in which codes of differing lengths are used to encode a character set (a repertoire of symbols) for representation, usually in a computer. Most common variable-width encodings are multibyte encodings (aka MBCS – multi-byte character set), which use varyi... | Variable-width encoding | [
"Technology"
] | 1,931 | [
"Natural language and computing",
"Character encoding"
] |
1,307,566 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atosiban | Atosiban, sold under the brand name Tractocile among others, is an inhibitor of the hormones oxytocin and vasopressin. It is used as an intravenous medication as a labour repressant (tocolytic) to halt premature labor. It was developed by Ferring Pharmaceuticals in Sweden and first reported in the literature in 1985. O... | Atosiban | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,548 | [
"Biomolecules by chemical classification",
"Peptides",
"Molecular biology"
] |
1,307,591 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tocolytic | Tocolytics (also called anti-contraction medications or labor suppressants) are medications used to suppress premature labor (from Greek τόκος tókos, "childbirth", and λύσις lúsis, "loosening"). Preterm birth accounts for 70% of neonatal deaths. Therefore, tocolytic therapy is provided when delivery would result in pre... | Tocolytic | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,231 | [
"Chemicals in medicine",
"Chemical substances for emergency medicine"
] |
21,017,316 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fault%20detection%20and%20isolation | Fault detection, isolation, and recovery (FDIR) is a subfield of control engineering which concerns itself with monitoring a system, identifying when a fault has occurred, and pinpointing the type of fault and its location. Two approaches can be distinguished: A direct pattern recognition of sensor readings that indic... | Fault detection and isolation | [
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 2,599 | [
"Systems engineering",
"Reliability engineering",
"Applied mathematics",
"Control theory",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
21,017,672 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mucoadhesion | Mucoadhesion describes the attractive forces between a biological material and mucus or mucous membrane. Mucous membranes adhere to epithelial surfaces such as the gastrointestinal tract (GI-tract), the vagina, the lung, the eye, etc. They are generally hydrophilic as they contain many hydrogen macromolecules due to th... | Mucoadhesion | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 3,276 | [
"Pharmacology",
"Natural products",
"Biochemistry",
"Routes of administration",
"Excretion",
"Organic compounds",
"Biomolecules",
"Molecular biology",
"Structural biology"
] |
21,021,640 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D.%20E.%20Shaw%20Research | D. E. Shaw Research (DESRES) is a privately held biochemistry research company based in New York City. Under the scientific direction of David E. Shaw, the group's chief scientist, D. E. Shaw Research develops technologies for molecular dynamics simulations (including Anton, a massively parallel special-purpose superco... | D. E. Shaw Research | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 185 | [
"Molecular dynamics software",
"Molecular physics",
"Computational chemistry software",
"Computational physics",
"Molecular dynamics",
"Computational chemistry"
] |
21,023,991 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARINC%20818 | ARINC 818: Avionics Digital Video Bus (ADVB) is a video interface and protocol standard developed for high bandwidth, low-latency, uncompressed digital video transmission in avionics systems. The standard, which was released in January 2007, has been advanced by ARINC and the aerospace community to meet the stringent n... | ARINC 818 | [
"Technology"
] | 2,876 | [
"Avionics",
"Aircraft instruments"
] |
19,916,559 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic%20nucleus | The atomic nucleus is the small, dense region consisting of protons and neutrons at the center of an atom, discovered in 1911 by Ernest Rutherford based on the 1909 Geiger–Marsden gold foil experiment. After the discovery of the neutron in 1932, models for a nucleus composed of protons and neutrons were quickly develo... | Atomic nucleus | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 3,900 | [
"Electron",
"Molecular physics",
"Nuclear chemistry",
"Subatomic particles",
"Particle physics",
"Radioactivity",
"Nuclear physics",
"Radiochemistry",
"nan",
"Atoms",
"Matter"
] |
19,916,615 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron%20shell | In chemistry and atomic physics, an electron shell may be thought of as an orbit that electrons follow around an atom's nucleus. The closest shell to the nucleus is called the "1 shell" (also called the "K shell"), followed by the "2 shell" (or "L shell"), then the "3 shell" (or "M shell"), and so on further and furthe... | Electron shell | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 2,834 | [
"Electron",
"Molecular physics",
"Theoretical physics",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Atomic physics",
" molecular",
"Atomic",
"nan",
"Chemical bonding",
" and optical physics"
] |
6,436,309 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master%20of%20Physics | A Master of Physics honours (or MPhys (Hons)) degree is a specific master's degree for courses in the field of physics.
United Kingdom
In England and Wales, the MPhys is an undergraduate award available after pursuing a four-year course of study at a university. In Scotland the course has a five-year duration. In some... | Master of Physics | [
"Physics"
] | 450 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Physics education"
] |
26,893,990 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insertion%20mount%20machine | An insertion mount machine or inserter is a device used to insert the leads of electronic components through holes in printed circuit boards.
Machine configuration
An insertion mount machine often has a rotary table on a X- and Y-axis positioning system which moves the board to the necessary position for the component... | Insertion mount machine | [
"Engineering"
] | 451 | [
"Electrical engineering",
"Electronic engineering",
"Printed circuit board manufacturing"
] |
26,894,208 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life-cycle%20greenhouse%20gas%20emissions%20of%20energy%20sources | Greenhouse gas emissions are one of the environmental impacts of electricity generation. Measurement of life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions involves calculating the global warming potential (GWP) of energy sources through life-cycle assessment. These are usually sources of only electrical energy but sometimes sources o... | Life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions of energy sources | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,795 | [
"Greenhouse gas emissions",
"Physical quantities",
"Nuclear power",
"Power (physics)",
"Energy (physics)",
"Energy",
"Greenhouse gases"
] |
26,894,908 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British%20Fluid%20Power%20Association | The British Fluid Power Association is a trade association in the United Kingdom that represents the hydraulic and pneumatic equipment industry, utilising properties of fluid power.
History
It started in 1959 as AHEM, becoming BFPA in 1986. A division of the organisation, the British Fluid Power Distributors Associati... | British Fluid Power Association | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 257 | [
"Physical quantities",
"Civil engineering organizations",
"Power (physics)",
"Fluid power",
"Hydraulic engineering organizations"
] |
26,895,580 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C22H26N2O5 | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C22H26N2O5}}
The molecular formula C22H26N2O5 may refer to:
FV-100, an orally available nucleoside analogue drug with antiviral activity
Vineridine, a vinca alkaloid
Molecular formulas | C22H26N2O5 | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 65 | [
"Molecules",
"Set index articles on molecular formulas",
"Isomerism",
"Molecular formulas",
"Matter"
] |
26,897,895 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear%20power%20plant%20emergency%20response%20team | A nuclear power plant emergency response team (ERT) is an incident response team composed of plant personnel and civil authority personnel specifically trained to respond to the occurrence of an accident at a nuclear power plant.
Each nuclear power plant is required to have a detailed emergency plan. In the event of ... | Nuclear power plant emergency response team | [
"Physics"
] | 294 | [
"Power (physics)",
"Physical quantities",
"Nuclear power"
] |
26,902,158 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerr/CFT%20correspondence | The Kerr/CFT correspondence is an extension of the AdS/CFT correspondence or gauge-gravity duality to rotating black holes (which are described by the Kerr metric).
The duality works for black holes whose near-horizon geometry can be expressed as a product of AdS3 and a single compact coordinate. The AdS/CFT duality t... | Kerr/CFT correspondence | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Astronomy",
"Mathematics"
] | 196 | [
"Black holes",
"Physical phenomena",
"Astronomical hypotheses",
"Physical quantities",
"String theory",
"Unsolved problems in physics",
"Astronomy stubs",
"Astrophysics",
"Stellar astronomy stubs",
"Astrophysics stubs",
"Density",
"Relativity stubs",
"Theory of relativity",
"Thermodynamics... |
26,908,142 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Looming%20and%20similar%20refraction%20phenomena | While mirages are the best known atmospheric refraction phenomena, looming and similar refraction phenomena do not produce mirages. Mirages show an extra image or images of the miraged object, while looming, towering, stooping, and sinking do not. No inverted image is present in those phenomena either. Depending on atm... | Looming and similar refraction phenomena | [
"Physics"
] | 736 | [
"Optical phenomena",
"Physical phenomena",
"Atmospheric optical phenomena",
"Earth phenomena"
] |
1,929,534 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar%20neutrino | A solar neutrino is a neutrino originating from nuclear fusion in the Sun's core, and is the most common type of neutrino passing through any source observed on Earth at any particular moment. Neutrinos are elementary particles with extremely small rest mass and a neutral electric charge. They only interact with matter... | Solar neutrino | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Astronomy"
] | 3,205 | [
"Neutrino astronomy",
"Nuclear fusion",
"Astronomical sub-disciplines",
"Nuclear physics"
] |
1,929,872 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irreversible%20circuit | In the study of reversible computing, an irreversible circuit is a circuit whose inputs cannot be reconstructed from its outputs. Such a circuit, of necessity, consumes energy. More precisely, there is a lower bound derived from quantum physics on the minimum amount of energy needed for each computation with such a cir... | Irreversible circuit | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 123 | [
"Computing stubs",
"Computer engineering stubs",
"Computer engineering",
"Integrated circuits"
] |
1,930,122 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Residual%20entropy | Residual entropy is the difference in entropy between a non-equilibrium state and crystal state of a substance close to absolute zero. This term is used in condensed matter physics to describe the entropy at zero kelvin of a glass or plastic crystal referred to the crystal state, whose entropy is zero according to the... | Residual entropy | [
"Physics"
] | 793 | [
"Statistical mechanics",
"Entropy",
"Physical quantities",
"Thermodynamic entropy"
] |
1,930,814 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen%20iodide | Hydrogen iodide (HI) is a diatomic molecule and hydrogen halide. Aqueous solutions of HI are known as hydroiodic acid or hydriodic acid, a strong acid. Hydrogen iodide and hydroiodic acid are, however, different in that the former is a gas under standard conditions, whereas the other is an aqueous solution of the gas. ... | Hydrogen iodide | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,268 | [
"Acids",
"Redox",
"Inorganic compounds",
"Mineral acids",
"Molecules",
"Reducing agents",
"Diatomic molecules",
"Matter"
] |
1,930,909 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphide | In chemistry, a phosphide is a compound containing the ion or its equivalent. Many different phosphides are known, with widely differing structures. Most commonly encountered on the binary phosphides, i.e. those materials consisting only of phosphorus and a less electronegative element. Numerous are polyphosphides,... | Phosphide | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 964 | [
"Ions",
"Matter",
"Anions"
] |
1,930,923 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsenide | In chemistry, an arsenide is a compound of arsenic with a less electronegative element or elements. Many metals form binary compounds containing arsenic, and these are called arsenides. They exist with many stoichiometries, and in this respect arsenides are similar to phosphides.
Alkali metal and alkaline earth arsen... | Arsenide | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 678 | [
"Ions",
"Matter",
"Anions"
] |
1,931,704 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conformal%20anomaly | A conformal anomaly, scale anomaly, trace anomaly or Weyl anomaly is an anomaly, i.e. a quantum phenomenon that breaks the conformal symmetry of the classical theory.
In quantum field theory when we set to zero we have only Feynman tree diagrams, which is a "classical" theory (equivalent to the Fredholm formulation ... | Conformal anomaly | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 1,373 | [
"Astronomical hypotheses",
"Physical phenomena",
"String theory",
"Critical phenomena",
"Renormalization group",
"Statistical mechanics"
] |
1,931,707 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical%20dimension | In the renormalization group analysis of phase transitions in physics, a critical dimension is the dimensionality of space at which the character of the phase transition changes. Below the lower critical dimension there is no phase transition. Above the upper critical dimension the critical exponents of the theory beco... | Critical dimension | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Astronomy",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,426 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Phase transitions",
"Astronomical hypotheses",
"String theory",
"Critical phenomena",
"Phases of matter",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Statistical mechanics",
"Matter",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
1,932,012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray%20magnetic%20circular%20dichroism | X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) is a difference spectrum of two X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) taken in a magnetic field, one taken with left circularly polarized light, and one with right circularly polarized light. By closely analyzing the difference in the XMCD spectrum, information can be obtained on the m... | X-ray magnetic circular dichroism | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 819 | [
"X-ray spectroscopy",
"Spectroscopy",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)"
] |
1,932,063 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized%20solar%20cell | A dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC, DSC, DYSC or Grätzel cell) is a low-cost solar cell belonging to the group of thin film solar cells. It is based on a semiconductor formed between a photo-sensitized anode and an electrolyte, a photoelectrochemical system. The modern version of a dye solar cell, also known as the Grät... | Dye-sensitized solar cell | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Mathematics"
] | 9,214 | [
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Thin-film cells",
"Electromagnetic spectrum",
"Ultraviolet radiation",
"Planes (geometry)",
"Thin films"
] |
1,932,171 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halo%20nucleus | In nuclear physics, an atomic nucleus is called a halo nucleus or is said to have a nuclear halo when it has a core nucleus surrounded by a "halo" of orbiting protons or neutrons, which makes the radius of the nucleus appreciably larger than that predicted by the liquid drop model. Halo nuclei form at the extreme edges... | Halo nucleus | [
"Physics"
] | 631 | [
"Nuclear physics"
] |
24,027,000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Properties%20of%20water | Water () is a polar inorganic compound that is at room temperature a tasteless and odorless liquid, which is nearly colorless apart from an inherent hint of blue. It is by far the most studied chemical compound and is described as the "universal solvent" and the "solvent of life". It is the most abundant substance on t... | Properties of water | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 7,871 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Acids",
"Chemical engineering",
"Environmental chemistry",
"Phases of matter",
"Thermodynamics",
"Transport phenomena",
"Amphoteric compounds",
"Oxides",
"Salts",
"Triatomic molecules",
"Greenhouse gases",
"Heat transfer",
"Bases (chemistry)",
"Hydrology",
"Appli... |
24,027,962 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jet%20aerators | Jet aerators are applied across a wide range of water, wastewater and biosolids treatment applications. Their primary purpose is to transfer oxygen to the liquid or sludge. A Jet aerator works through aspirating technology by simultaneously introducing large volumes of high kinetic energy liquid and air through one or ... | Jet aerators | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 468 | [
"Pumps",
"Turbomachinery",
"Chemical equipment",
"Chemical engineering",
"Physical systems",
"Hydraulics",
"Civil engineering",
"nan",
"Environmental engineering"
] |
24,028,211 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Combustion%20Institute | The Combustion Institute is an educational non-profit, international, scientific and engineering society whose purpose is to promote research in combustion science. The institute was established in 1954, and its headquarters are in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. The current president of The Combustion Institu... | The Combustion Institute | [
"Chemistry"
] | 534 | [
"Combustion"
] |
24,030,500 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C12H18O | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C12H18O}}
The molecular formula C12H18O (molar mass: 178.27 g/mol, exact mass: 178.1358 u) may refer to:
Amylmetacresol (AMC)
2,4-Dimethyl-6-tert-butylphenol
Propofol
Molecular formulas | C12H18O | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 80 | [
"Molecules",
"Set index articles on molecular formulas",
"Isomerism",
"Molecular formulas",
"Matter"
] |
24,031,904 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiegand%20effect | The Wiegand effect is a nonlinear magnetic effect, named after its discoverer John R. Wiegand, produced in specially annealed and hardened wire called Wiegand wire.
Wiegand wire is low-carbon Vicalloy, a ferromagnetic alloy of cobalt, iron, and vanadium. Initially, the wire is fully annealed. In this state the alloy... | Wiegand effect | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 1,174 | [
"Magnetic ordering",
"Ferromagnetism"
] |
24,032,731 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemical%20reduction%20of%20carbon%20dioxide | The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide, also known as CO2RR, is the conversion of carbon dioxide () to more reduced chemical species using electrical energy. It represents one potential step in the broad scheme of carbon capture and utilization.
CO2RR can produce diverse compounds including formate (HCOO−), c... | Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 1,220 | [
"Chemical engineering",
"Electrochemical engineering",
"Energy engineering",
"Electrochemistry",
"Electrolysis",
"Greenhouse gases",
"Electrical engineering",
"Carbon dioxide"
] |
24,034,899 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosimulation | Biosimulation is a computer-aided mathematical simulation of biological processes and systems and thus is an integral part of systems biology. Due to the complexity of biological systems simplified models are often used, which should only be as complex as necessary.
The aim of biosimulations is model-based prediction ... | Biosimulation | [
"Biology"
] | 544 | [
"Systems biology"
] |
24,035,429 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C5H4 | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C5H4}}
The molecular formula (molar mass: 64.09 g/mol, exact mass: 64.0313 u) may refer to:
3-Ethynylcycloprop-1-ene
1,4-Pentadiyne
Penta-1,2-dien-4-yne
Spiropentadiene, or bowtiediene
Molecular formulas | C5H4 | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 94 | [
"Molecules",
"Set index articles on molecular formulas",
"Isomerism",
"Molecular formulas",
"Matter"
] |
2,674,172 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State-universal%20coupled%20cluster | State-universal coupled cluster (SUCC) method is one of several multi-reference coupled-cluster (MR) generalizations of single-reference coupled cluster method. It was first formulated by Bogumił Jeziorski and Hendrik Monkhorst in their work published in Physical Review A in 1981. State-universal coupled cluster is oft... | State-universal coupled cluster | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 86 | [
"Quantum chemistry stubs",
"Quantum chemistry",
"Theoretical chemistry stubs",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Theoretical chemistry",
" molecular",
"Atomic",
"Physical chemistry stubs",
" and optical physics"
] |
2,676,597 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotachophoresis | Isotachophoresis (ITP) is a technique in analytical chemistry used for selective separation and concentration of ionic analytes. It is a form of electrophoresis; charged analytes are separated based on ionic mobility, a quantity which tells how fast an ion migrates through an electric field.
Overview
In conventional I... | Isotachophoresis | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 780 | [
"Instrumental analysis",
"Molecular biology techniques",
"Electrophoresis",
"Biochemical separation processes"
] |
2,676,755 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian%20Cheshire%20%28engineer%29 | Ian Cheshire (12 April 1936 – 28 November 2013) was a Scottish petroleum engineer who developed the ECLIPSE reservoir simulator.
Biography
He had worked for Schlumberger where he was a Schlumberger Fellow from 1999 to 2003.
He was awarded the Anthony F. Lucas Gold Medal by the Society of Petroleum Engineers in 2001. ... | Ian Cheshire (engineer) | [
"Engineering"
] | 111 | [
"Petroleum engineers",
"Petroleum engineering"
] |
2,676,822 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permanganic%20acid | Permanganic acid (or manganic(VII) acid) is the inorganic compound with the formula HMnO4 and various hydrates. This strong oxoacid has been isolated as its dihydrate. It is the conjugate acid of permanganate salts. It is the subject of few publications and its characterization as well as its uses are very limited.
... | Permanganic acid | [
"Chemistry"
] | 430 | [
"Acids",
"Inorganic compounds",
"Mineral acids",
"Oxidizing agents",
"Oxidizing acids",
"Permanganates",
"Manganese(VII) compounds"
] |
2,676,890 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal%203D | Universal 3D (U3D) is a compressed file format standard for 3D computer graphics data.
The format was defined by a special consortium called 3D Industry Forum that brought together a diverse group of companies and organizations, including Intel, Boeing, HP, Adobe Systems, Bentley Systems, Right Hemisphere and others ... | Universal 3D | [
"Technology"
] | 742 | [
"Computer standards",
"Ecma standards"
] |
2,677,209 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drilling%20and%20blasting | Drilling and blasting is the controlled use of explosives and other methods, such as gas pressure blasting pyrotechnics, to break rock for excavation. It is practiced most often in mining, quarrying and civil engineering such as dam, tunnel or road construction. The result of rock blasting is often known as a rock cut.... | Drilling and blasting | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 1,319 | [
"Construction",
"Civil engineering",
"Explosives",
"Explosions"
] |
2,677,564 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belt%20sander | A belt sander or strip sander is a sander used in shaping and finishing wood and other materials. It consists of an electric motor that turns a pair of drums on which a continuous loop of sandpaper is mounted. Belt sanders may be handheld and moved over the material, or stationary (fixed), where the material is moved ... | Belt sander | [
"Physics",
"Technology"
] | 727 | [
"Woodworking machines",
"Machines",
"Physical systems"
] |
2,678,192 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faddeev%20equations | The Faddeev equations, named after their discoverer Ludvig Faddeev, describe, at once, all the possible exchanges/interactions in a system of three particles in a fully quantum mechanical formulation. They can be solved iteratively.
In general, Faddeev equations need as input a potential that describes the interactio... | Faddeev equations | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 374 | [
"Theoretical physics",
"Mathematical objects",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Equations",
"Nuclear physics"
] |
2,678,365 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elmer%20FEM%20solver | Elmer is a computational tool for multi-physics problems. It has been developed by CSC in collaboration with Finnish universities, research laboratories and industry. Elmer FEM solver is free and open-source software, subject to the requirements of the GNU General Public License (GPL), version 2 or any later.
Elmer in... | Elmer FEM solver | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 431 | [
"Mathematical software",
"Numerical software",
"Computational physics"
] |
18,775,143 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PPAR%20agonist | PPAR agonists are drugs which act upon the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor. They are used for the treatment of symptoms of the metabolic syndrome, mainly for lowering triglycerides and blood sugar.
Classification
PPAR-alpha and PPAR-gamma are the molecular targets of a number of marketed drugs. The main cla... | PPAR agonist | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 890 | [
"Induced stem cells",
"Gene expression",
"Transcription factors",
"Signal transduction"
] |
18,777,003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XCT-790 | XCT-790 is a potent and selective inverse agonist ligand of the estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα). Independent of its inhibition of ERRα, XCT-790 is a potent mitochondrial electron transport chain uncoupler.
Mitochondrial electron transport chain uncoupling effect
XCT-790 has been shown to uncouple oxygen consump... | XCT-790 | [
"Chemistry"
] | 178 | [
"Nitriles",
"Cellular respiration",
"Functional groups",
"Uncouplers"
] |
18,779,111 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faucet%20aerator | A faucet aerator (or tap aerator) is often found at the tip of modern indoor water faucets. Aerators can simply be screwed onto the faucet head, creating a non-splashing stream and often delivering a mixture of water and air.
History
The aerator was invented by Greek engineer Elie Aghnides.
Function
An aerator can:
... | Faucet aerator | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 765 | [
"Plumbing",
"Physical systems",
"Construction",
"Valves",
"Hydraulics",
"Piping"
] |
4,921,531 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patlak%20plot | A Patlak plot (sometimes called Gjedde–Patlak plot, Patlak–Rutland plot, or Patlak analysis) is a graphical analysis technique based on the compartment model that uses linear regression to identify and analyze pharmacokinetics of tracers involving irreversible uptake, such as in the case of deoxyglucose. It is used for... | Patlak plot | [
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 404 | [
"Pharmacology",
"Mathematical modeling",
"Pharmacokinetics",
"Applied mathematics"
] |
4,923,796 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma%20channel | A plasma channel is a conductive channel of plasma. A plasma channel can be formed in the following ways.
With a high-powered laser that operates at a certain frequency that will provide enough energy for an atmospheric gas to break into its ions, or form a plasma, such as in a Laser-Induced Plasma Channel, for exampl... | Plasma channel | [
"Physics"
] | 260 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Electromagnetism",
"Plasma physics",
"Plasma phenomena",
"Plasma physics stubs",
"Fundamental interactions"
] |
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