id
int64
39
79M
url
stringlengths
32
168
text
stringlengths
7
145k
source
stringlengths
2
105
categories
listlengths
1
6
token_count
int64
3
32.2k
subcategories
listlengths
0
27
71,465,792
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pycnonuclear%20fusion
Pycnonuclear fusion () is a type of nuclear fusion reaction which occurs due to zero-point oscillations of nuclei around their equilibrium point bound in their crystal lattice. In quantum physics, the phenomenon can be interpreted as overlap of the wave functions of neighboring ions, and is proportional to the overlapp...
Pycnonuclear fusion
[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Astronomy" ]
2,679
[ "Nuclear fusion", "nan", "Nuclear physics" ]
75,750,707
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1%2C1%2C2%2C2-Tetrafluoroethane
1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoroethane (also called R-134 or HFC-134) is a hydrofluorocarbon, a fluorinated alkane. It is an isomer of the more-used 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a). It is used as a foam expansion agent and heat transfer fluid. References Fluoroalkanes Greenhouse gases Hydrofluorocarbons
1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoroethane
[ "Chemistry", "Environmental_science" ]
104
[ "Greenhouse gases", "Environmental chemistry" ]
75,754,732
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JP-10%20%28fuel%29
JP-10 (Jet Propellant 10) is a synthetic jet fuel, specified and used mainly as fuel in missiles. Being designed for military purposes, it is not a kerosene based fuel. Developed to be a gas turbine fuel for cruise missiles, it contains mainly exo-tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene (exo-THDCPD) with some endo-isomer impurity...
JP-10 (fuel)
[ "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]
552
[ "Aviation fuels", "Petroleum", "Petroleum products", "Aerospace engineering" ]
74,467,809
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terephthalaldehyde
Terephthalaldehyde (TA) is an organic compound with the formula C6H4(CHO)2. It is one of three isomers of benzene dicarboxaldehyde, in which the aldehyde moieties are positioned in the para conformation on the benzene ring. Terephthalaldehyde appears as a white to beige solid, typically in the form of a powder. It is s...
Terephthalaldehyde
[ "Chemistry", "Materials_science" ]
624
[ "Monomers", "Polymer chemistry", "Reagents for organic chemistry" ]
69,914,127
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javad%20Owji
Javad Owji (; born 24 July 1966) is an Iranian oil engineer and politician who served as the Minister of Petroleum of Iran from 2021 to 2024. Early life and education Owji was born in Shiraz in 1966. He received a bachelor's degree in oil engineering from Petroleum University of Technology in Ahvaz. Career From 1980 ...
Javad Owji
[ "Engineering" ]
249
[ "Petroleum engineers", "Petroleum engineering" ]
71,466,674
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen%20transport
Hydrogen transport involves the use of technology to transport hydrogen from the point of generation to the point of use. Techniques Hydrogen can be transported in a variety of forms. Gas Hydrogen can be transported in gaseous form, typically in a pipeline. Because hydrogen gas is highly reactive, the pipeline or o...
Hydrogen transport
[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Technology" ]
501
[ "Physical systems", "Transport", "Materials", "Energy in transport", "Hazardous materials", "Matter" ]
78,841,983
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan%20%28mass%29
Dan (), or Daam in Cantonese, Tan in Japanese and Taiwanese, also called "Chinese hundredweight" or "picul", is a traditional Chinese unit for weight measurement in East Asia. It originated in China before being introduced to neighboring countries. Nowaday, the mass of 1 dan equals 100 jin or 50 kg in mainland China, ...
Dan (mass)
[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]
343
[ "Matter", "Quantity", "Units of mass", "Mass", "Customary units of measurement", "Units of measurement" ]
78,844,718
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ga-68-Trivehexin
68Ga-Trivehexin is a radiotracer for positron emission tomography (PET), obtained by labeling the peptide conjugate Trivehexin with the a positron emitting radionuclide gallium-68 (68Ga). 68Ga-Trivehexin targets (i.e., binds to) the cell surface receptor αvβ6-integrin, a heterodimeric transmembrane cell adhesion recept...
Ga-68-Trivehexin
[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]
2,146
[ "Antimatter", "Matter", "Isotopes of gallium", "Positron emission tomography", "Functional groups", "Isotopes", "Chelating agents", "Amides", "Process chemicals" ]
78,845,077
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capability%20Hardware%20Enhanced%20RISC%20Instructions
Capability Hardware Enhanced RISC Instructions (CHERI) is a computer processor technology designed to improve security. CHERI aims to address the root cause of the problems that are caused by a lack of memory safety in common implementations of languages such as C/C++, which are responsible for around 70% of security v...
Capability Hardware Enhanced RISC Instructions
[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]
2,355
[ "Capability systems", "Computer engineering", "Computer architecture", "Computer systems", "Computers" ]
78,847,059
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law%20of%20constancy%20of%20interfacial%20angles
The law of constancy of interfacial angles (; ) is an empirical law in the fields of crystallography and mineralogy concerning the shape, or morphology, of crystals. The law states that the angles between adjacent corresponding faces of crystals of a particular substance are always constant despite the different shapes...
Law of constancy of interfacial angles
[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Mathematics", "Engineering" ]
860
[ "Mathematical objects", "Scientific laws", "Equations", "Materials science", "Crystallography", "Condensed matter physics" ]
78,850,749
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Sigma%20Gamma%20Tau%20chapters
Sigma Gamma Tau is the American honor society in aerospace engineering. The society formed from the merger of Tau Omega and Gamma Alpha Rho in 1953. It has chartered more than fifty chapters in the United States. With the merger of the two societies, Sigma Gamma Tau started with fourteen chapters, renamed for their hos...
List of Sigma Gamma Tau chapters
[ "Engineering" ]
100
[ "Engineering societies", "Engineering honor societies" ]
78,856,281
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4-Mercaptobenzoic%20acid
4-Mercaptobenzoic acid (p-mercaptobenzoic acid, ''p''-MBA) is an organosulfur compound with the formula para-. It is used as a ligand in thiolate-protected gold cluster compounds, such as . See also Gold cluster References Benzoic acids Thiols
4-Mercaptobenzoic acid
[ "Chemistry" ]
73
[ "Organic compounds", "Thiols" ]
77,390,020
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotzig%27s%20conjecture
Kotzig's conjecture is an unproven assertion in graph theory which states that finite graphs with certain properties do not exist. A graph is a -graph if each pair of distinct vertices is connected by exactly one path of length . Kotzig's conjecture asserts that for there are no finite -graphs with two or more vertice...
Kotzig's conjecture
[ "Mathematics" ]
915
[ "Unsolved problems in mathematics", "Mathematical problems", "Unsolved problems in graph theory" ]
77,391,914
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hering%27s%20Paradox
Hering's paradox describes a physical experiment in the field of electromagnetism that seems to contradict Maxwell's equation in general, and Faraday's Law of Induction and the flux rule in particular. In his study on the subject, Carl Hering concluded in 1908 that the usual statement of Faraday's Law (at the turn of t...
Hering's Paradox
[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]
1,808
[ "Electrodynamics", "Maxwell's equations", "Equations of physics", "Dynamical systems" ]
74,469,613
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WELL%20Building%20Standard
WELL Building Standard (WELL) is a healthy building certification program, developed by the International WELL Building Institute PCB (IWBI), a California registered public benefit corporation. History The WELL Building Standard began in 2013 by Paul Scialla of Delos company, becoming the first well-being focused stan...
WELL Building Standard
[ "Engineering" ]
11,085
[ "Environmental design", "Building engineering", "Civil engineering", "Design", "Building biology", "Architecture" ]
74,470,076
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulomb%20gas
In statistical physics, a Coulomb gas is a many-body system of charged particles interacting under the electrostatic force. It is named after Charles-Augustin de Coulomb, as the force by which the particles interact is also known as the Coulomb force. The system can be defined in any number of dimensions. While the th...
Coulomb gas
[ "Physics" ]
362
[ "Statistical mechanics" ]
74,471,367
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumatic%20anti-ice%20system
A pneumatic anti-ice system is a technology that uses air or another gas to prevent ice buildup on ships sailing in icy waters. It is housed below the waterline on the ship's hull. Pneumatic anti-ice systems use compressed air or engine exhaust as the working gas, which is vented overboard through a series of ejectors ...
Pneumatic anti-ice system
[ "Physics" ]
374
[ "Physical systems", "Transport", "Ice in transportation", "Transport safety" ]
75,767,608
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulcus%20primigenius
The (Latin for "initial furrow") was the ancient Roman ritual of plowing the boundary of a new cityparticularly formal coloniesprior to distributing its lots or erecting its walls. The Romans considered the ritual extremely ancient, believing their own founder Romulus had introduced it from the Etruscans, who had also...
Sulcus primigenius
[ "Engineering" ]
1,568
[ "Construction", "Rituals attending construction" ]
75,768,013
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cost-sensitive%20machine%20learning
Cost-sensitive machine learning is an approach within machine learning that considers varying costs associated with different types of errors. This method diverges from traditional approaches by introducing a cost matrix, explicitly specifying the penalties or benefits for each type of prediction error. The inherent di...
Cost-sensitive machine learning
[ "Engineering" ]
540
[ "Artificial intelligence engineering", "Machine learning" ]
75,770,177
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigeminal%20nerve%20stimulation
Trigeminal nerve stimulation (TNS) or external Trigeminal nerve stimulation (eTNS) is a non-invasive, non-medication therapy for Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder approved in the United States by the FDA for the treatment of ADHD in children ages 7–12. It is also used off-label to treat ADHD in adults. External...
Trigeminal nerve stimulation
[ "Biology" ]
212
[ "Medical devices", "Medical technology" ]
75,775,878
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organoid%20intelligence
Organoid intelligence (OI) is an emerging field of study in computer science and biology that develops and studies biological wetware computing using 3D cultures of human brain cells (or brain organoids) and brain-machine interface technologies. Such technologies may be referred to as OIs. Differences with non-organic...
Organoid intelligence
[ "Technology", "Engineering", "Biology" ]
747
[ "Synthetic biology", "Biological engineering", "Computational fields of study", "Bioinformatics", "Molecular genetics", "Computing and society" ]
75,782,067
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C6H13NO3S
{{DISPLAYTITLE:C6H13NO3S}} The molecular formula C6H13NO3S (molar mass: 179.23 g/mol) may refer to: Cyclamic acid Fudosteine Molecular formulas
C6H13NO3S
[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]
55
[ "Molecules", "Set index articles on molecular formulas", "Isomerism", "Molecular formulas", "Matter" ]
75,782,122
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bismuthyl%20%28ion%29
Bismuthyl is an inorganic oxygen-containing singly charged ion with the chemical formula BiO, and is an oxycation of bismuth in the +3 oxidation state. Most often it is formed during the hydrolysis of trivalent bismuth salts, primarily nitrate, chloride and other halides. In chemical compounds, bismuthyl plays the role...
Bismuthyl (ion)
[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]
2,247
[ "Cations", "Ions", "Matter" ]
75,782,783
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SIRIUS%20%28software%29
SIRIUS is a Java-based open-source software for the identification of small molecules from fragmentation mass spectrometry data without the use of spectral libraries. It combines the analysis of isotope patterns in MS1 spectra with the analysis of fragmentation patterns in MS2 spectra. SIRIUS is the umbrella applicatio...
SIRIUS (software)
[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]
4,738
[ "Mass spectrometry software", "Mass spectrometry", "Spectrum (physical sciences)", "Chemistry software" ]
78,861,280
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transition%20metal%20hydroxide%20complexes
Transition metal hydroxide complexes are coordination complexes containing one or more hydroxide (OH−) ligands. The inventory is very large. Hydroxide as a ligand Hydroxide is classified as an X ligand in the Covalent bond classification method. In the usual electron counting method, it is a one-electron ligand when...
Transition metal hydroxide complexes
[ "Chemistry" ]
609
[ "Ligands", "Coordination chemistry" ]
78,868,644
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glauber%20multiple%20scattering%20theory
The Glauber multiple scattering theory is a framework developed by Roy J. Glauber to describe the scattering of particles off composite targets, such as nuclei, in terms of multiple interactions between the probing particle and the individual constituents of the target. It is widely used in high-energy physics, nuclear...
Glauber multiple scattering theory
[ "Physics" ]
586
[ "Hadrons", "Subatomic particles", "Matter", "Nuclear physics" ]
78,869,128
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilbert%E2%80%93Arnold%20problem
In mathematics, particularly in dynamical systems, the Hilbert–Arnold problem is an unsolved problem concerning the estimation of limit cycles. It asks whether in a generic finite-parameter family of smooth vector fields on a sphere with a compact parameter base, the number of limit cycles is uniformly bounded across a...
Hilbert–Arnold problem
[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]
453
[ "Unsolved problems in mathematics", "Mathematical problems", "Mechanics", "Dynamical systems" ]
77,402,300
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%20Helander
Per Helander (born 1967) is a Swedish theoretical plasma physicist and a leading scientist in the world in stellarator physics. He is the head of Stellarator Theory Division at the Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics. Education and career Helander was born in Umeå, his grandfather is Dick Helander, the former bis...
Per Helander
[ "Physics" ]
379
[ "Computational physicists", "Plasma physics", "Theoretical physics", "Computational physics", "Plasma physicists", "Theoretical physicists" ]
77,402,447
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermo-acoustic%20instability
Thermo-acoustic instability refers to an instabiltiy arising due to acoustics field and unsteady heat release process. This instability is very relevant in combustion instabilities in systems such as rocket engines, etc. Rayleigh criterion A very simple mechanism of acoustic amplification was first identified by Lord ...
Thermo-acoustic instability
[ "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]
269
[ "Fluid dynamic instabilities", "Chemical engineering", "Combustion", "Piping", "Fluid dynamics" ]
77,402,909
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matalon%E2%80%93Matkowsky%E2%80%93Clavin%E2%80%93Joulin%20theory
The Matalon–Matkowsky–Clavin–Joulin theory refers to a theoretical hydrodynamic model of a premixed flame with a large-amplitude flame wrinkling, developed independently by Moshe Matalon & Bernard J. Matkowsky and Paul Clavin & Guy Joulin, following the pioneering study by Paul Clavin and Forman A. Williams and by Pier...
Matalon–Matkowsky–Clavin–Joulin theory
[ "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]
286
[ "Piping", "Chemical engineering", "Combustion", "Fluid dynamics" ]
77,405,256
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fradkin%20tensor
The Fradkin tensor, or Jauch-Hill-Fradkin tensor, named after Josef-Maria Jauch and Edward Lee Hill and David M. Fradkin, is a conservation law used in the treatment of the isotropic multidimensional harmonic oscillator in classical mechanics. For the treatment of the quantum harmonic oscillator in quantum mechanics, ...
Fradkin tensor
[ "Physics" ]
487
[ "Quantum mechanics", "Theoretical physics", "Mechanics", "Classical mechanics" ]
77,409,352
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Far-UVC
Far-UVC is a type of ultraviolet germicidal irradiation being studied and commercially developed for its combination of pathogen inactivation properties and reduced negative effects on human health when used within exposure guidelines. Far-UVC (200-235 nm), while part of the broader UV-C spectrum (100-280 nm), is dist...
Far-UVC
[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Engineering", "Biology" ]
1,409
[ "Spectrum (physical sciences)", "Water treatment", "Radiobiology", "Electromagnetic spectrum", "Ultraviolet radiation", "Microbiology techniques", "Sterilization (microbiology)", "Environmental engineering", "Waste treatment technology", "Radioactivity" ]
78,873,974
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carol%20Robinson
Dame Carol Vivien Robinson (born 10 April 1956) is a British chemist and former president of the Royal Society of Chemistry (2018–2020). She was a Royal Society Research Professor and is the Dr Lee's Professor of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, and a professorial fellow at Exeter College, University of Oxford. She ...
Carol Robinson
[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]
1,343
[ "Biochemists", "Mass spectrometry", "Spectrum (physical sciences)", "Mass spectrometrists" ]
78,877,767
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GAGG%3ACe
Cerium-doped gadolinium aluminium gallium garnet (GAGG:Ce) is a single-crystal ceramic scintillator material. It is being considered for applications in astrophysics, such as in high-energy gamma ray detection. References Ceramics Luminescent minerals Gallium compounds Gadolinium compounds
GAGG:Ce
[ "Chemistry" ]
68
[ "Luminescence", "Phosphors and scintillators" ]
78,882,441
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonium%20pentasulfide
Ammonium pentasulfide is a chemical compound with the chemical formula . Synthesis Passing hydrogen sulfide through a suspension of powdered sulfur in a concentrated ammonia solution: Physical properties Ammonium sulfide forms yellow crystals, decomposing in water, of monoclinic system, space group P21/c, cell parame...
Ammonium pentasulfide
[ "Chemistry" ]
177
[ "Ammonium compounds", "Salts" ]
78,884,325
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1ES%201927%2B654
1ES 1927+654 is a type 2 Seyfert galaxy located 270 million light-years away in the constellation of Draco, containing an active galactic nucleus. 1ES 1927+654 it is located in a host galaxy that is relatively unremarkable in appearance. However, its core, powered by a supermassive black hole, has exhibited behaviors t...
1ES 1927+654
[ "Physics", "Astronomy" ]
426
[ "Black holes", "Unsolved problems in physics", "Supermassive black holes", "Constellations", "Draco (constellation)" ]
78,884,788
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law%20of%20rational%20indices
The law of rational indices is an empirical law in the field of crystallography concerning crystal structure. The law states that "when referred to three intersecting axes all faces occurring on a crystal can be described by numerical indices which are integers, and that these integers are usually small numbers." The l...
Law of rational indices
[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Mathematics", "Engineering" ]
663
[ "Mathematical objects", "Scientific laws", "Equations", "Materials science", "Crystallography", "Condensed matter physics" ]
75,786,010
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shape%20of%20the%20atomic%20nucleus
The shape of the atomic nucleus depends on the variety of factors related to the size and shape of its nucleon constituents and the nuclear force holding them together. The origins of nuclear shape begin with the spacial extent (aka root mean squared charge radius) of almost nearly all stable and a great many unstable ...
Shape of the atomic nucleus
[ "Physics" ]
2,762
[ "Nuclear physics" ]
69,955,049
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feferman%E2%80%93Vaught%20theorem
The Feferman–Vaught theorem in model theory is a theorem by Solomon Feferman and Robert Lawson Vaught that shows how to reduce, in an algorithmic way, the first-order theory of a product of structures to the first-order theory of elements of the structure. The theorem is considered to be one of the standard results i...
Feferman–Vaught theorem
[ "Mathematics" ]
823
[ "Foundations of mathematics", "Mathematical logic", "Model theory", "Mathematical problems", "Mathematical theorems", "Theorems in the foundations of mathematics" ]
69,959,302
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corrosion%20Science
Corrosion Science is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Elsevier in 16 issues per year. Established in 1961, it covers a wide range of topics in the study of pure/applied corrosion and corrosion engineering, including but not limited to oxidation, biochemical corrosion, stress corrosion cracking, and corro...
Corrosion Science
[ "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]
194
[ "Materials science stubs", "Metallurgy", "Chemical engineering", "Materials science journals", "Corrosion", "Chemical engineering journals", "Materials science journal stubs", "Materials science", "Electrochemistry", "Electrochemistry stubs", "Materials degradation", "Physical chemistry stubs"...
69,961,810
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetraethylammonium%20trichloride
Tetraethylammonium trichloride (also known as Mioskowski reagent) is a chemical compound with the formula [NEt4][Cl3] consisting of a tetraethylammonium cation and a trichloride as anion. The trichloride is also known as trichlorine monoanion representing one of the simplest polychlorine anions. Tetraethylammonium tric...
Tetraethylammonium trichloride
[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]
665
[ "Molecules", "Hypervalent molecules", "Matter" ]
78,904,028
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strontium%20thiocyanate
Strontium thiocyanate refers to the salt . It is a colorless solid. According to X-ray crystallography, it is a coordination polymer. The Sr2+ ions are each coordinated to eight thiocyanate anions in a distorted square antiprismatic molecular geometry where each square face contains two adjacent S atoms and two adjac...
Strontium thiocyanate
[ "Chemistry" ]
129
[ "Thiocyanates", "Inorganic compounds", "Functional groups", "Inorganic compound stubs" ]
78,904,128
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium%20thiocyanate
Calcium thiocyanate refers to the salt . It is a colorless solid. According to X-ray crystallography, it is a coordination polymer. The Ca2+ ions are each bonded to eight thiocyanate anions, with four Ca-S and four Ca-N bonds. The motif is reminiscent of the fluorite structure. References Thiocyanates Calcium comp...
Calcium thiocyanate
[ "Chemistry" ]
84
[ "Thiocyanates", "Inorganic compounds", "Functional groups", "Inorganic compound stubs" ]
77,413,880
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalan%20forge
The Catalan forge is a set of technological processes designed to obtain iron by directly reducing the ore—without going through the intermediary of smelting as in a blast furnace—and then shingling the resulting . The Catalan forge employs hydraulic power to operate a hammer or trip hammer, and a ventilation system, k...
Catalan forge
[ "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]
2,179
[ "Metallurgy", "History of metallurgy", "Materials science", "nan" ]
77,418,202
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium%28I%29%20fluoride
Calcium(I) fluoride is an unstable inorganic chemical compound with the chemical formula . It can exist as a high temperature gas, or an isolated molecule in a solid noble gas matrix. References Fluorides Metal halides
Calcium(I) fluoride
[ "Chemistry" ]
47
[ "Inorganic compounds", "Salts", "Inorganic compound stubs", "Metal halides", "Fluorides" ]
77,419,359
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark%20oxygen
Dark oxygen production refers to the generation of molecular oxygen (O2) through processes that do not involve light-dependent oxygenic photosynthesis. The name therefore uses a different sense of 'dark' than that used in the phrase "biological dark matter" (for example) which indicates obscurity to scientific assessme...
Dark oxygen
[ "Chemistry" ]
728
[ "Electrochemistry", "Electrolysis" ]
77,421,883
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orders%20of%20magnitude%20%28magnetic%20moment%29
This page lists examples of magnetic moments produced by various sources, grouped by orders of magnitude. The magnetic moment of an object is an intrinsic property and does not change with distance, and thus can be used to measure "how strong" a magnet is. For example, Earth possesses an enormous magnetic moment, howev...
Orders of magnitude (magnetic moment)
[ "Mathematics" ]
148
[ "Quantity", "Orders of magnitude", "Units of measurement" ]
77,422,349
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Nym%20mixnet
The Nym mixnet is a free and open-source software designed to ensure a high level of privacy in all online communications. It is an implementation of a mix network devised by David Chaum in 1981. History The research that led to the design of the Nym mixnet was carried out as part of various European Commission pr...
The Nym mixnet
[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]
492
[ "Computer networking", "Computer science", "Computer engineering" ]
77,423,637
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortifications%20of%20Larrun
The fortifications of Larrun from the late modern period are a series of military works situated on the mountain of Larrun, immediately to the west of the border between Spain and France. Some of the structures were erected during the 1793-1794 campaign and repurposed to impede the advance of the Anglo-Hispano-Portugue...
Fortifications of Larrun
[ "Engineering" ]
7,640
[ "Fortifications", "Military engineering" ]
77,423,961
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklab%20color%20space
The Oklab color space is a uniform color space for device independent color designed to improve perceptual uniformity, hue and lightness prediction, color blending, and usability while ensuring numerical stability and ease of implementation. Introduced by Björn Ottosson in December 2020, Oklab and its cylindrical count...
Oklab color space
[ "Mathematics" ]
667
[ "Color space", "Space (mathematics)", "Metric spaces" ]
77,424,313
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauchy%27s%20estimate
In mathematics, specifically in complex analysis, Cauchy's estimate gives local bounds for the derivatives of a holomorphic function. These bounds are optimal. Cauchy's estimate is also called Cauchy's inequality, but must not be confused with the Cauchy–Schwarz inequality. Statement and consequence Let be a holomor...
Cauchy's estimate
[ "Mathematics" ]
706
[ "Mathematical analysis", "Mathematical analysis stubs" ]
77,426,205
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierpi%C5%84ski%27s%20theorem%20on%20metric%20spaces
In mathematics, Sierpiński's theorem is an isomorphism theorem concerning certain metric spaces, named after Wacław Sierpiński who proved it in 1920. It states that any countable metric space without isolated points is homeomorphic to (with its standard topology). Examples As a consequence of the theorem, the metri...
Sierpiński's theorem on metric spaces
[ "Mathematics" ]
163
[ "Mathematical theorems", "Mathematical problems", "Topology", "Theorems in topology" ]
77,426,376
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pixhawk
Pixhawk is a project responsible for creating open-source standards for the flight controller hardware that can be installed on various unmanned aerial vehicles. Additionally, any flight controller built to the open standards often includes "Pixhawk" in its name and may be referred to as such. Overview An unmanned ve...
Pixhawk
[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]
1,820
[ "Computer engineering", "Robotics engineering", "Embedded systems", "Computer systems", "Computer science" ]
69,968,655
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hairpin%20technology
Hairpin technology is a winding technology for stators in electric motors and generators and is also used for traction applications in electric vehicles. In contrast to conventional winding technologies, the hairpin technology is based on solid, flat copper bars which are inserted into the stator stack. These copper ba...
Hairpin technology
[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]
1,799
[ "Electrical engineering", "Engines", "Electric motors" ]
69,970,556
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salicornia%20rubra
Salicornia rubra, the Rocky Mountain glasswort, is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaranthaceae. It is native to colder or higher areas of North America; the Yukon, Nunavut, British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and Ontario in Canada, and the western and north-central United States. It has been...
Salicornia rubra
[ "Chemistry" ]
176
[ "Halophytes", "Salts" ]
69,970,614
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buchalter%20Cosmology%20Prize
The Buchalter Cosmology Prize, established in 2014, is a prestigious annual prize bestowed by Dr. Ari Buchalter. Every year, three Buchalter Prizes are awarded in recognition of ground-breaking work in cosmology with the potential to produce a breakthrough advance in our understanding of how the Universe works, partic...
Buchalter Cosmology Prize
[ "Physics", "Astronomy", "Technology" ]
1,436
[ "Astronomical sub-disciplines", "Astronomy prizes", "Theoretical physics", "Astrophysics", "Science and technology awards", "Physical cosmology", "Physics awards" ]
69,975,833
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxhydroelectric%20effect
The oxhydroelectric effect consists in the generation of voltage and electric current in pure liquid water, without any electrolyte, upon exposure to electromagnetic radiation in the infrared range, after creating a physical (not chemical) asymmetry in liquid water e.g. thanks to a strongly hydrophile polymer, such as ...
Oxhydroelectric effect
[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Environmental_science" ]
779
[ "Water", "Hydrology", "Condensed matter physics", "Surface science" ]
75,803,705
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C3H6OS2
{{DISPLAYTITLE:C3H6OS2}} The molecular formula C3H6OS2 may refer to: S,S'-Dimethyl dithiocarbonate Ethyl xanthic acid Thiomethylketone 1,2-dithiolane-1-oxide 1,3-dithiolane-1-oxide
C3H6OS2
[ "Chemistry" ]
78
[ "Isomerism", "Set index articles on molecular formulas" ]
75,809,125
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transition%20metal%20nitroso%20complexes
Transition metal nitroso complexes are coordination complexes containing one or more organonitroso ligands (RNO). Structure and bonding Organic nitroso compounds bind to metals in several ways, but most commonly as monodentate N-bonded ligands. Also known are O-bonded, η2-N,O-bonded. Dimers of organic nitroso compo...
Transition metal nitroso complexes
[ "Chemistry" ]
387
[ "Coordination chemistry", "nan", "Coordination complexes" ]
78,917,032
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20hypothetical%20particles
This is a list of hypothetical subatomic particles in physics. Elementary particles Some theories predict the existence of additional elementary bosons and fermions that are not found in the Standard Model. Particles predicted by supersymmetric theories Supersymmetry predicts the existence of superpartners to part...
List of hypothetical particles
[ "Physics" ]
1,439
[ "Hypothetical particles", "Matter", "Unsolved problems in physics", "Physical objects", "Physics beyond the Standard Model", "Nuclear physics", "Particle physics", "Particles", "Atoms", "Subatomic particles" ]
77,428,152
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum%20double%20model
In condensed matter physics and quantum information theory, the quantum double model, proposed by Alexei Kitaev, is a lattice model that exhibits topological excitations. This model can be regarded as a lattice gauge theory, and it has applications in many fields, like topological quantum computation, topological order...
Quantum double model
[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]
587
[ "Phases of matter", "Condensed matter physics", "Matter", "Materials science" ]
77,434,685
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Categorical%20probability
In mathematics, the term categorical probability denotes a collection of category-theoretic approaches to probability theory and related fields such as statistics, information theory and ergodic theory. The earliest ideas in the field were developed independently by Lawvere and by Chentsov, where they defined a versi...
Categorical probability
[ "Mathematics" ]
369
[ "Functions and mappings", "Mathematical structures", "Category theory stubs", "Mathematical objects", "Fields of abstract algebra", "Category theory", "Mathematical relations" ]
78,940,222
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V-EMF%20therapy
V-EMF therapy is a therapy that is based on the synergy between electromagnetic fields, vacuum and low-intensity electrostimulation. It is also known as Biodermogenesi. The electromagnetic field is generated with a variable frequency between 0.5 and 2 MHz. Electromagnetic fields are able to promote the repair processe...
V-EMF therapy
[ "Physics" ]
359
[ "Electromagnetism", "Physical phenomena", "Fundamental interactions" ]
75,821,283
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safety%20Science
Safety Science is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Elsevier covering research on all aspects of human and industrial safety. The editor-in-chief is Georgios Boustras (European University Cyprus),. The journal was established in 1976 as the Journal of Occupational Accidents, with Herbert Eisner as...
Safety Science
[ "Engineering" ]
203
[ "Safety engineering", "Systems engineering" ]
75,833,059
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuanshanzia
Tuanshanzia is a genus of Proterozoic eukaryote, known from several locations across China and India, including the Gaoyuzhuang and Chuanlinggou formations, the eponymous Tuanshanzi Formation, as well as the Vindhya Basin. It is probably an alga, although its exact classification is currently unclear. Tuanshanzia seem...
Tuanshanzia
[ "Biology" ]
303
[ "Eukaryotes", "Eukaryote stubs" ]
75,834,378
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double%20field%20theory
Double field theory in theoretical physics refers to formalisms that capture the T-duality property of string theory as a manifest symmetry of a field theory. Background In double field theory, the T-duality transformation of exchanging momentum and winding modes of closed strings on toroidal backgrounds translates to...
Double field theory
[ "Physics" ]
332
[ "Theoretical physics" ]
78,946,358
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1H-LSD
1H-LSD (N1-hexanoyl-lysergic acid diethylamide, SYN-L-027) is an acylated derivative of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), with a six carbon hexanoyl chain attached to the N1 position. It acts as a prodrug for LSD, and in animal studies produces drug-appropriate responding with a similar potency to short-chain homologue...
1H-LSD
[ "Chemistry" ]
203
[ "Chemicals in medicine", "Prodrugs" ]
78,951,259
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foselutoclax
Foselutoclax is an investigational new drug that is being evaluated for the treatment of age-related eye diseases, particularly diabetic macular edema (DME) and wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Developed by Unity Biotechnology, this senolytic compound acts as a potent inhibitor of Bcl-xL, a protein that sene...
Foselutoclax
[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]
170
[ "Pharmacology", "Anti-aging substances", "Carboxylic acids", "Functional groups", "Medicinal chemistry stubs", "Salts", "Senescence", "Sulfones", "Phosphates", "Cellular processes", "Pharmacology stubs", "Metabolism" ]
78,954,051
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaginolysin
Vaginolysin (VLY) is a toxin produced by Gardnerella vaginalis, a bacterium commonly associated with bacterial vaginosis. VLY is a member of the cholesterol-dependent cytolysin family, characterized by their ability to form pores in cholesterol rich membranes. The most closely related protein is intermedilysin, which i...
Vaginolysin
[ "Chemistry", "Environmental_science" ]
219
[ "Biomolecules by chemical classification", "Toxicology", "Molecular biology", "Toxins", "Proteins" ]
78,960,568
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ST-148%20%28antiviral%29
ST-148 is an antiviral drug which acts as a capsid inhibitor. It was developed for treatment of dengue fever, but while it shows strongest activity against dengue virus it also shows broad spectrum activity against other flaviviruses such as Zika virus. It is thought to cause viral capsid proteins to become more rigid,...
ST-148 (antiviral)
[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]
126
[ "Antiviral drugs", "Functional groups", "Amines", "Biocides", "Bases (chemistry)" ]
77,444,635
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fay-Riddell%20equation
The Fay-Riddell equation is a fundamental relation in the fields of aerospace engineering and hypersonic flow, which provides a method to estimate the stagnation point heat transfer rate on a blunt body moving at hypersonic speeds in dissociated air. The heat flux for a spherical nose is computed according to quantitie...
Fay-Riddell equation
[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]
485
[ "Transport phenomena", "Physical phenomena", "Heat transfer", "Atmospheric entry", "Thermodynamics", "Aerospace engineering" ]
77,452,364
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC%205419
NGC5419 is a large elliptical galaxy in the constellation of Centaurus. Its velocity with respect to the cosmic microwave background is 4,375 ± 23km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 64.5 ± 4.5Mpc (∼210million light-years). It was discovered by British astronomer John Herschel on 1 May 1834. NGC5419 is the ...
NGC 5419
[ "Astronomy" ]
327
[ "Centaurus", "Constellations" ]
75,845,271
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porous%20polymer
Porous polymers are a class of porous media materials in which monomers form 2D and 3D polymers containing angstrom- to nanometer-scale pores formed by the arrangement of the monomers. They may be either crystalline or amorphous. Subclasses include covalent organic frameworks (COFs), hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks...
Porous polymer
[ "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]
195
[ "Porous polymers", "Porous media", "Polymer chemistry", "Materials science" ]
75,845,973
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-Nitrosomorpholine
N-Nitrosomorpholine (NNM, NMOR) is an organic compound which is known to be a carcinogen and mutagen. Chemistry NMOR is a pale yellow sand-like powder below 84°F. NMOR is most commonly produced from morpholine, but can also be made by the reaction of dimorpholinomethane in fuming nitric acid. Few reactions using NMOR...
N-Nitrosomorpholine
[ "Chemistry", "Environmental_science" ]
738
[ "Carcinogens", "Toxicology", "Reagents for organic chemistry" ]
75,858,491
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline%20of%20metrology%20and%20measurement
The following is a topical outline of the English language Wikipedia articles on the topic of metrology and measurement. Metrology is the science of measurement and its application. Main articles Metrology Measurement Metrology overviews Dimensional metrology Forensic metrology Historical metrology Smart Metro...
Outline of metrology and measurement
[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]
525
[ "Quantity", "Physical quantities", "Measurement", "Size" ]
75,863,315
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center%20for%20Gravitational%20Wave%20Astronomy%20and%20Astrophysics
The Center for Gravitational Wave Astronomy and Astrophysics (CGWAA) is a research center at Syracuse University. Research at the CGWAA includes the study of gravitational wave astronomy, designing of Cosmic Explorer next-generation observatory, development new quantum optics technologies and precision measurement to b...
Center for Gravitational Wave Astronomy and Astrophysics
[ "Physics", "Astronomy" ]
337
[ "Astronomy organizations", "Astrophysics research institutes", "Astrophysics", "Astronomy institutes and departments" ]
75,864,308
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habitable%20zone%20for%20complex%20life
A Habitable Zone for Complex Life (HZCL) is a range of distances from a star suitable for complex aerobic life. Different types of limitations preventing complex life give rise to different zones. Conventional habitable zones are based on compatibility with water. Most zones start at a distance from the host star and t...
Habitable zone for complex life
[ "Astronomy", "Biology" ]
3,307
[ "Astronomical hypotheses", "Hypothetical life forms", "Extraterrestrial life", "Astronomical controversies", "Biological hypotheses" ]
75,864,768
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xavier%20Garbet
Xavier Garbet (b. 1961) is an theoretical plasma physicist and a professor at Nanyang Technological University (NTU). He is currently appointed as the Temasek Chair in Clean Energy, as his professorship was established by a $6 million endowment from Singapore's state investment firm, Temasek Holdings. This appointment ...
Xavier Garbet
[ "Physics" ]
405
[ "Plasma physicists", "Plasma physics" ]
75,865,513
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Edward%20Augustin%20Aikin
William Edward Augustin Aikin (6 February 1807 – 31 May 1888), known professionally as William E. A. Aikin, was an American analytical chemist and natural scientist. He was chair of the chemistry department at the University of Maryland from 1837 to 1883. While most of his work focused on chemistry, he held accompli...
William Edward Augustin Aikin
[ "Chemistry" ]
597
[ "Analytical chemists" ]
75,866,380
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2CE-5iPrO
2CE-5iPrO (5-iPrO-2C-E) is a psychedelic substituted phenethylamine derivative related to 2C-E, but with the 5-methoxy group extended to isopropoxy. Similar to related "tweetio" compounds such as 2CD-5EtO, it has a longer duration of action than 2C-E but is otherwise similar in activity, although it shows reduced antii...
2CE-5iPrO
[ "Chemistry" ]
143
[ "Pharmacology", "Functional groups", "Medicinal chemistry stubs", "Amines", "Pharmacology stubs", "Bases (chemistry)" ]
75,867,139
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium%20indium%20antimonide
Gallium indium antimonide, also known as indium gallium antimonide, GaInSb, or InGaSb (GaxIn1-xSb), is a ternary III-V semiconductor compound. It can be considered as an alloy between gallium antimonide and indium antimonide. The alloy can contain any ratio between gallium and indium. GaInSb refers generally to any com...
Gallium indium antimonide
[ "Chemistry" ]
284
[ "III-V compounds", "Inorganic compounds" ]
75,868,995
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anachronism%20in%20Middle-earth
Anachronism, chronological inconsistency, is seen in J. R. R. Tolkien's fantasy world of Middle-earth in the juxtaposition of cultures of evidently different periods, such as the classically-inspired Gondor and the medieval-style Rohan, and in the far more modern hobbits of the Shire, a setting which resembles the Engl...
Anachronism in Middle-earth
[ "Physics" ]
1,929
[ "Spacetime", "Anachronism", "Physical quantities", "Time" ]
75,873,137
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data%20minimization
Data minimization is the principle of collecting, processing and storing only the necessary amount of personal information required for a specific purpose. The principle emanates from the realisation that processing unnecessary data is creating unnecessary risks for the data subject without creating any current benefit...
Data minimization
[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]
314
[ "Cybersecurity engineering", "Internet", "Data security", "Transport systems" ]
75,874,009
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signpost%20sequence
In mathematics and apportionment theory, a signpost sequence is a sequence of real numbers, called signposts, used in defining generalized rounding rules. A signpost sequence defines a set of signposts that mark the boundaries between neighboring whole numbers: a real number less than the signpost is rounded down, whil...
Signpost sequence
[ "Mathematics" ]
233
[ "Sequences and series", "Mathematical analysis", "Mathematical structures", "Mathematical objects" ]
75,879,690
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud-9%20%28RELHIC%29
Cloud-9 is a REionization-Limited-H i Cloud (RELHIC), which may turn out to be a starless dark matter galaxy. This RELHIC may have a mass 5 billion times that of the Sun and was found in the vicinity of the spiral galaxy M94, in the constellation Canes Venatici. References Canes Venatici Astronomical objects discove...
Cloud-9 (RELHIC)
[ "Astronomy" ]
85
[ "Canes Venatici", "Galaxy stubs", "Astronomy stubs", "Constellations" ]
75,880,928
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trimethylsulfoxonium
Trimethylsulfoxonium (abbreviated TMSO) is a cation with a formula (CH3)3SO+ consisting of a sulfur atom attached to three methyl groups and one oxygen atom. It has a net charge of +1. Production Refluxing dimethyl sulfoxide with methyl iodide can yield trimethylsulfoxonium iodide. Reactions Treated with sodium hydri...
Trimethylsulfoxonium
[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]
214
[ "Matter", "Organosulfur compounds", "Organic compounds", "Cations", "Sulfur ions", "Ions" ]
75,883,560
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20landing%20ellipses%20on%20extraterrestrial%20bodies
This is a list of the projected landing zones on extraterrestrial bodies. The size of the ellipse or oval graphically represents statistical degrees of uncertainty, i.e. the confidence level of the landing point, with the center of the ellipse being calculated as the most likely given the plethora of variables. Their a...
List of landing ellipses on extraterrestrial bodies
[ "Astronomy" ]
131
[ "Spaceflight", "Outer space" ]
75,893,889
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmalysis
Plasmalysis is a electrochemical process that requires a voltage source. On the one hand, it describes the plasma-chemical dissociation of organic and inorganic compounds (e.g. C-H and N-H compounds) in interaction with a thermal/non-thermal plasma between two electrodes. On the other hand, it describes the synthesis, ...
Plasmalysis
[ "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]
1,609
[ "Process engineering", "Electrochemistry", "Mechanical engineering by discipline" ]
75,912,306
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9vy-Leblond%20equation
In quantum mechanics, the Lévy-Leblond equation describes the dynamics of a spin-1/2 particle. It is a linearized version of the Schrödinger equation and of the Pauli equation. It was derived by French physicist Jean-Marc Lévy-Leblond in 1967. Lévy-Leblond equation was obtained under similar heuristic derivations as t...
Lévy-Leblond equation
[ "Physics" ]
898
[ "Eponymous equations of physics", "Theoretical physics", "Equations of physics", "Quantum mechanics" ]
75,912,651
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C10H7NO2
The molecular formula C10H7NO2 (molar mass: 173.17 g/mol) may refer to: 1-Nitroso-2-naphthol 1-Nitronaphthalene 2-Nitronaphthalene Molecular formulas
C10H7NO2
[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]
57
[ "Molecules", "Set index articles on molecular formulas", "Isomerism", "Molecular formulas", "Matter" ]
75,916,379
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain%20separation
In cryptography, domain separation is a construct used to implement multiple different functions using only one underlying template in an efficient way. The domain separation can be defined as partitioning of the domain of a function to assign separate subdomains to different applications of the same function. For ex...
Domain separation
[ "Mathematics", "Engineering" ]
750
[ "Applied mathematics", "Cryptography", "Cybersecurity engineering" ]
75,938,839
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC%207625
NGC 7625, or Arp 212, is a peculiar galaxy in the constellation of Pegasus. It was discovered on October 15, 1784, by William Herschel. In his New General Catalogue (1888), J. L. E. Dreyer described it as pretty bright, considerably small, round, with a suddenly much brighter middle. It is located at an estimated dista...
NGC 7625
[ "Astronomy" ]
394
[ "Pegasus (constellation)", "Constellations" ]
75,964,056
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punctularia%20atropurpurascens
Punctularia atropurpurascens, also known as violet crust or purple fuzz, is a species of fungus. Purple fuzz is a saprotrophic crust fungus. The preferred nutrient source of purple fuzz is the wood of deciduous trees. Purple fuzz is prone to guttation and weeps red. Purple fuzz appears to be a fairly widespread fungus ...
Punctularia atropurpurascens
[ "Biology" ]
106
[ "Fungus stubs", "Fungi", "Fungus species" ]
75,966,255
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category%20of%20measurable%20spaces
In mathematics, the category of measurable spaces, often denoted Meas, is the category whose objects are measurable spaces and whose morphisms are measurable maps. This is a category because the composition of two measurable maps is again measurable, and the identity function is measurable. N.B. Some authors reserve ...
Category of measurable spaces
[ "Mathematics" ]
786
[ "Mathematical structures", "Category theory", "Categories in category theory" ]
75,975,490
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SN%202010jl
SN 2010jl was a luminous type IIn supernova that was discovered on November 3, 2010, in the irregular galaxy UGC 5189A. It is 48.9 ± 3.4 Mpc distant from the solar system. It showed an infrared excess which lasted for over 1400 days. Discovery 2010jl was discovered during the Puckett Observatory Supernova Search, by ...
SN 2010jl
[ "Chemistry", "Astronomy" ]
722
[ "Supernovae", "Astronomical events", "Explosions" ]