id int64 39 79M | url stringlengths 32 168 | text stringlengths 7 145k | source stringlengths 2 105 | categories listlengths 1 6 | token_count int64 3 32.2k | subcategories listlengths 0 27 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
15,828,681 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimroth%20rearrangement | The Dimroth rearrangement is a rearrangement reaction taking place with certain 1,2,3-triazoles where endocyclic and exocyclic nitrogen atoms switch place. This organic reaction was discovered in 1909 by Otto Dimroth.
With R a phenyl group the reaction takes place in boiling pyridine for 24 hours.
This type of triazo... | Dimroth rearrangement | [
"Chemistry"
] | 214 | [
"Name reactions",
"Rearrangement reactions",
"Organic reactions"
] |
15,831,300 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tellegen%27s%20theorem | Tellegen's theorem is one of the most powerful theorems in network theory. Most of the energy distribution theorems and extremum principles in network theory can be derived from it. It was published in 1952 by Bernard Tellegen. Fundamentally, Tellegen's theorem gives a simple relation between magnitudes that satisfy ... | Tellegen's theorem | [
"Physics"
] | 1,063 | [
"Circuit theorems",
"Eponymous theorems of physics",
"Equations of physics",
"Physics theorems"
] |
15,832,717 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational%20statistics | Computational statistics, or statistical computing, is the study which is the intersection of statistics and computer science, and refers to the statistical methods that are enabled by using computational methods. It is the area of computational science (or scientific computing) specific to the mathematical science of ... | Computational statistics | [
"Mathematics",
"Technology"
] | 1,073 | [
"Computational fields of study",
"Computational mathematics",
"Mathematical relations",
"Computing and society",
"Numerical analysis",
"Computational statistics",
"Approximations"
] |
13,160,311 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airborne%20Real-time%20Cueing%20Hyperspectral%20Enhanced%20Reconnaissance | Airborne Real-time Cueing Hyperspectral Enhanced Reconnaissance, also known by the acronym ARCHER, is an aerial imaging system that produces ground images far more detailed than plain sight or ordinary aerial photography can.
It is the most sophisticated unclassified hyperspectral imaging system available, according to... | Airborne Real-time Cueing Hyperspectral Enhanced Reconnaissance | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 2,169 | [
"Instrumental analysis",
"Molecular physics",
"Spectroscopy",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)"
] |
13,163,358 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whole%20number%20rule | In chemistry, the whole number rule states that the masses of the isotopes are whole number multiples of the mass of the hydrogen atom. The rule is a modified version of Prout's hypothesis proposed in 1815, to the effect that atomic weights are multiples of the weight of the hydrogen atom. It is also known as the Aston... | Whole number rule | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 602 | [
"Periodic table",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Instrumental analysis",
"Mass",
"Mass spectrometry",
"Matter"
] |
13,164,797 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Live%20bottom%20trailer | A live bottom trailer is a semi-trailer used for hauling loose material such as asphalt, grain, potatoes, sand and gravel. A live bottom trailer is the alternative to a dump truck or an end dump trailer. The typical live bottom trailer has a conveyor belt on the bottom of the trailer tub that pushes the material out of... | Live bottom trailer | [
"Engineering"
] | 606 | [
"Engineering vehicles"
] |
13,165,796 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean%20heat%20content | Ocean heat content (OHC) or ocean heat uptake (OHU) is the energy absorbed and stored by oceans. To calculate the ocean heat content, it is necessary to measure ocean temperature at many different locations and depths. Integrating the areal density of a change in enthalpic energy over an ocean basin or entire ocean giv... | Ocean heat content | [
"Physics",
"Environmental_science"
] | 2,925 | [
"Oceanography",
"Hydrology",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"nan"
] |
13,167,602 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submersion%20%28coastal%20management%29 | Submersion is the sustainable cyclic portion of coastal erosion where coastal sediments move from the visible portion of a beach to the submerged nearshore region, and later return to the original visible portion of the beach. The recovery portion of the sustainable cycle of sediment behaviour is named accretion.
Sub... | Submersion (coastal management) | [
"Physics"
] | 248 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Physical oceanography"
] |
13,168,288 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackup%20rig | A jackup rig or a self-elevating unit is a type of mobile platform that consists of a buoyant hull fitted with a number of movable legs, capable of raising its hull over the surface of the sea. The buoyant hull enables transportation of the unit and all attached machinery to a desired location. Once on location the hul... | Jackup rig | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 1,091 | [
"Oil platforms",
"Petroleum technology",
"Natural gas technology",
"Structural engineering"
] |
14,325,911 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BCAR1 | Breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BCAR1 gene.
Gene
BCAR1 is localized on chromosome 16 on region q, on the negative strand and it consists of seven exons. Eight different gene isoforms have been identified that share the same sequence starting from the sec... | BCAR1 | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,576 | [
"Biomolecules by chemical classification",
"Proteins",
"Molecular biology"
] |
14,326,078 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actin%2C%20cytoplasmic%202 | Actin, cytoplasmic 2, or gamma-actin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ACTG1 gene. Gamma-actin is widely expressed in cellular cytoskeletons of many tissues; in adult striated muscle cells, gamma-actin is localized to Z-discs and costamere structures, which are responsible for force transduction and transmi... | Actin, cytoplasmic 2 | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,022 | [
"Biomolecules by chemical classification",
"Proteins",
"Molecular biology"
] |
14,326,527 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flying%20probe | Flying probes are test probes used for testing both bare circuit boards and boards loaded with components. Flying probes were introduced in the late 1980’s and can be found in many manufacturing and assembly operations, most often in manufacturing of electronic printed circuit boards. A flying probe tester uses one or ... | Flying probe | [
"Materials_science",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 560 | [
"Nondestructive testing",
"Materials testing",
"Electronic test equipment",
"Measuring instruments"
] |
14,326,894 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iris%20Bay%20%28Dubai%29 | The Iris Bay is a 32-floor commercial tower in the Business Bay in Dubai, United Arab Emirates that is known for "its oval, crescent moon type shape." The tower has a total structural height of 170 m (558 ft). Construction of the Iris Bay was expected to be completed in 2008 but progress stopped in 2011. The building w... | Iris Bay (Dubai) | [
"Engineering"
] | 189 | [
"Postmodern architecture",
"Architecture"
] |
14,331,278 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hildebrand%20solubility%20parameter | The Hildebrand solubility parameter (δ) provides a numerical estimate of the degree of interaction between materials and can be a good indication of solubility, particularly for nonpolar materials such as many polymers. Materials with similar values of δ are likely to be miscible.
Definition
The Hildebrand solubility... | Hildebrand solubility parameter | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 933 | [
"Materials science",
"Polymer chemistry"
] |
14,331,851 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boundedly%20generated%20group | In mathematics, a group is called boundedly generated if it can be expressed as a finite product of cyclic subgroups. The property of bounded generation is also closely related with the congruence subgroup problem (see ).
Definitions
A group G is called boundedly generated if there exists a finite subset S of G an... | Boundedly generated group | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 2,076 | [
"Geometric group theory",
"Group actions",
"Group theory",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Symmetry"
] |
14,334,415 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grzegorczyk%20hierarchy | The Grzegorczyk hierarchy (, ), named after the Polish logician Andrzej Grzegorczyk, is a hierarchy of functions used in computability theory. Every function in the Grzegorczyk hierarchy is a primitive recursive function, and every primitive recursive function appears in the hierarchy at some level. The hierarchy deals... | Grzegorczyk hierarchy | [
"Mathematics"
] | 979 | [
"Computability theory",
"Mathematical logic"
] |
4,047,274 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold-containing%20drugs | Gold-containing drugs are pharmaceuticals that contain gold. Sometimes these species are referred to as "gold salts". "Chrysotherapy" and "aurotherapy" are the applications of gold compounds to medicine. Research on the medicinal effects of gold began in 1935, primarily to reduce inflammation and to slow disease pro... | Gold-containing drugs | [
"Chemistry"
] | 854 | [
"Coordination chemistry",
"Coordination complexes"
] |
4,047,871 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexachlorobenzene | Hexachlorobenzene, or perchlorobenzene, is an aryl chloride and a six-substituted chlorobenzene with the molecular formula C6Cl6. It is a fungicide formerly used as a seed treatment, especially on wheat to control the fungal disease bunt. Its use has been banned globally under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Org... | Hexachlorobenzene | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 2,013 | [
"Fungicides",
"Persistent organic pollutants under the Stockholm Convention",
"Persistent organic pollutants under the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution",
"Endocrine disruptors",
"Biocides"
] |
4,048,455 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanically%20interlocked%20molecular%20architectures | In chemistry, mechanically interlocked molecular architectures (MIMAs) are molecules that are connected as a consequence of their topology. This connection of molecules is analogous to keys on a keychain loop. The keys are not directly connected to the keychain loop but they cannot be separated without breaking the loo... | Mechanically interlocked molecular architectures | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,104 | [
"Molecular topology",
"Topology",
"nan",
"Nanotechnology",
"Supramolecular chemistry"
] |
4,049,168 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass%20cloth | Glass cloth is a textile material woven from glass fiber yarn.
Home and garden
Glass cloth was originally developed to be used in greenhouse paneling, allowing sunlight's ultraviolet rays to be filtered out, while still allowing visible light through to plants.
Glass cloth is also a term for a type of tea towel suite... | Glass cloth | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 355 | [
"Composite materials",
"Fiberglass",
"Materials",
"Polymer chemistry",
"Matter"
] |
4,049,625 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noise%20barrier | A noise barrier (also called a soundwall, noise wall, sound berm, sound barrier, or acoustical barrier) is an exterior structure designed to protect inhabitants of sensitive land use areas from noise pollution. Noise barriers are the most effective method of mitigating roadway, railway, and industrial noise sources –
... | Noise barrier | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 1,322 | [
"Chemical engineering",
"Classical mechanics",
"Acoustics",
"Civil engineering",
"Environmental engineering"
] |
4,051,468 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plutonium-238 | Plutonium-238 ( or Pu-238) is a radioactive isotope of plutonium that has a half-life of 87.7 years.
Plutonium-238 is a very powerful alpha emitter; as alpha particles are easily blocked, this makes the plutonium-238 isotope suitable for usage in radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs) and radioisotope heater un... | Plutonium-238 | [
"Chemistry"
] | 3,715 | [
"Explosive chemicals",
"Fissile materials",
"Isotopes of plutonium",
"Isotopes"
] |
4,051,670 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secular%20resonance | A secular resonance is a type of orbital resonance between two bodies with synchronized precessional frequencies. In celestial mechanics, secular refers to the long-term motion of a system, and resonance is periods or frequencies being a simple numerical ratio of small integers. Typically, the synchronized precessions ... | Secular resonance | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Astronomy"
] | 449 | [
"Scattering stubs",
"Astronomy stubs",
"Astrophysics",
"Astrophysics stubs",
"Scattering"
] |
7,057,416 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine | {{DISPLAYTITLE:S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine}}
S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine (SAH) is the biosynthetic precursor to homocysteine. SAH is formed by the demethylation of S-adenosyl-L-methionine. Adenosylhomocysteinase converts SAH into homocysteine and adenosine.
Biological role
DNA methyltransferases are inhibited by SAH.... | S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 202 | [
"Biochemistry stubs",
"Biotechnology stubs",
"Biochemistry"
] |
7,057,811 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microcontact%20printing | Microcontact printing (or μCP) is a form of soft lithography that uses the relief patterns on a master polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stamp or Urethane rubber micro stamp to form patterns of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of ink on the surface of a substrate through conformal contact as in the case of nanotransfer print... | Microcontact printing | [
"Materials_science"
] | 2,339 | [
"Nanotechnology",
"Microtechnology",
"Lithography (microfabrication)"
] |
7,060,924 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hankinson%27s%20equation | Hankinson's equation (also called Hankinson's formula or Hankinson's criterion) is a mathematical relationship for predicting the off-axis uniaxial compressive strength of wood. The formula can also be used to compute the fiber stress or the stress wave velocity at the elastic limit as a function of grain angle in woo... | Hankinson's equation | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 286 | [
"Solid mechanics",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Mathematical objects",
"Materials science",
"Equations",
"Mechanics",
"nan"
] |
7,062,643 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil%20burner%20%28engine%29 | An oil burner engine is a steam engine that uses oil as its fuel. The term is usually applied to a locomotive or ship engine that burns oil to heat water, to produce the steam which drives the pistons, or turbines, from which the power is derived.
This is mechanically very different from diesel engines, which use inte... | Oil burner (engine) | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 2,022 | [
"Engine technology",
"Industrial engineering",
"Combustion engineering",
"Engines"
] |
6,899,646 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-bismuth%20eutectic | Lead-Bismuth Eutectic or LBE is a eutectic alloy of lead (44.5 at%) and bismuth (55.5 at%) used as a coolant in some nuclear reactors, and is a proposed coolant for the lead-cooled fast reactor, part of the Generation IV reactor initiative.
It has a melting point of 123.5 °C/254.3 °F (pure lead melts at 327 °C/621 °F, ... | Lead-bismuth eutectic | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 958 | [
"Lead alloys",
"Metallurgy",
"Fusible alloys",
"Materials",
"Nuclear materials",
"Alloys",
"Matter"
] |
6,900,318 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building%20insulation | Building insulation is material used in a building (specifically the building envelope) to reduce the flow of thermal energy. While the majority of insulation in buildings is for thermal purposes, the term also applies to acoustic insulation, fire insulation, and impact insulation (e.g. for vibrations caused by industr... | Building insulation | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 6,554 | [
"Transport phenomena",
"Sustainable building",
"Physical phenomena",
"Heat transfer",
"Building engineering",
"Architecture",
"Construction",
"Materials",
"Thermodynamics",
"Matter",
"Building materials"
] |
6,904,158 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space%20Power%20Facility | Space Power Facility (SPF) is a NASA facility used to test spaceflight hardware under simulated launch and spaceflight conditions. The SPF is part of NASA's Neil A. Armstrong Test Facility, which in turn is part of the Glenn Research Center. The Neil A. Armstrong Test Facility and the SPF are located near Sandusky, Ohi... | Space Power Facility | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,468 | [
"Aerospace engineering"
] |
6,906,913 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Townsend%20discharge | In electromagnetism, the Townsend discharge or Townsend avalanche is an ionisation process for gases where free electrons are accelerated by an electric field, collide with gas molecules, and consequently free additional electrons. Those electrons are in turn accelerated and free additional electrons. The result is a... | Townsend discharge | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 2,130 | [
"Ionization",
"Electron",
"Physical phenomena",
"Matter",
"Electrical discharge in gases",
"Molecular physics",
"Plasma phenomena",
" molecular",
"nan",
"Atomic",
"Ions",
" and optical physics"
] |
6,907,585 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet%20germicidal%20irradiation | Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) is a disinfection technique employing ultraviolet (UV) light, particularly UV-C (180–280 nm), to kill or inactivate microorganisms. UVGI primarily inactivates microbes by damaging their genetic material, thereby inhibiting their capacity to carry out vital functions.
The use o... | Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 6,881 | [
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Water treatment",
"Radiobiology",
"Electromagnetic spectrum",
"Ultraviolet radiation",
"Microbiology techniques",
"Sterilization (microbiology)",
"Environmental engineering",
"Waste treatment technology",
"Radioactivity"
] |
9,173,273 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronal%20loop | In solar physics, a coronal loop is a well-defined arch-like structure in the Sun's atmosphere made up of relatively dense plasma confined and isolated from the surrounding medium by magnetic flux tubes. Coronal loops begin and end at two footpoints on the photosphere and project into the transition region and lower co... | Coronal loop | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 1,594 | [
"Space plasmas",
"Astronomical sub-disciplines",
"Astrophysics"
] |
9,174,778 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microprocessor%20development%20board | A microprocessor development board is a printed circuit board containing a microprocessor and the minimal support logic needed for an electronic engineer or any person who wants to become acquainted with the microprocessor on the board and to learn to program it. It also served users of the microprocessor as a method t... | Microprocessor development board | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,708 | [
"Electrical engineering",
"Telecommunications engineering"
] |
9,175,375 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prandtl%E2%80%93Meyer%20function | In aerodynamics, the Prandtl–Meyer function describes the angle through which a flow turns isentropically from sonic velocity (M=1) to a Mach (M) number greater than 1. The maximum angle through which a sonic (M = 1) flow can be turned around a convex corner is calculated for M = . For an ideal gas, it is expressed as ... | Prandtl–Meyer function | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 189 | [
"Chemical engineering",
"Aerodynamics",
"Aerospace engineering",
"Piping",
"Fluid dynamics stubs",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
9,176,452 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supramolecular%20polymer | Supramolecular polymers are a subset of polymers where the monomeric units are connected by reversible and highly directional secondary interactions–that is, non-covalent bonds. These non-covalent interactions include van der Waals interactions, hydrogen bonding, Coulomb or ionic interactions, π-π stacking, metal coor... | Supramolecular polymer | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 4,811 | [
"Polymer chemistry",
"nan",
"Polymers",
"Nanotechnology",
"Supramolecular chemistry"
] |
9,179,644 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-threshold%20CMOS | Multi-threshold CMOS (MTCMOS) is a variation of CMOS chip technology which has transistors with multiple threshold voltages (Vth) in order to optimize delay or power. The Vth of a MOSFET is the gate voltage where an inversion layer forms at the interface between the insulating layer (oxide) and the substrate (body) of ... | Multi-threshold CMOS | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,025 | [
"Electronic design",
"Electronic engineering",
"Design",
"Digital electronics"
] |
10,673,638 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-like%20oscillations | Solar-like oscillations are oscillations in stars that are excited in the same way as those in the Sun, namely by turbulent convection in its outer layers. Stars that show solar-like oscillations are called solar-like oscillators. The oscillations are standing pressure and mixed pressure-gravity modes that are excited ... | Solar-like oscillations | [
"Physics"
] | 779 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Stellar phenomena",
"Astrophysics",
"Asteroseismology"
] |
10,685,654 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second%20sound | In condensed matter physics, second sound is a quantum mechanical phenomenon in which heat transfer occurs by wave-like motion, rather than by the more usual mechanism of diffusion. Its presence leads to a very high thermal conductivity. It is known as "second sound" because the wave motion of entropy and temperature i... | Second sound | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,151 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Phase transitions",
"Theoretical physics",
"Phases of matter",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Superfluidity",
"Thermodynamics",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Exotic matter",
"Dynamical systems",
"Matter",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
10,685,778 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumada%20coupling | In organic chemistry, the Kumada coupling is a type of cross coupling reaction, useful for generating carbon–carbon bonds by the reaction of a Grignard reagent and an organic halide. The procedure uses transition metal catalysts, typically nickel or palladium, to couple a combination of two alkyl, aryl or vinyl groups.... | Kumada coupling | [
"Chemistry"
] | 2,044 | [
"Coupling reactions",
"Name reactions",
"Carbon-carbon bond forming reactions",
"Organic reactions"
] |
10,685,957 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogroup%20S%20%28mtDNA%29 | In human genetics, Haplogroup S is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup found only among Indigenous Australians. It is a descendant of macrohaplogroup N.
Origin
Haplogroup S mtDNA evolved within Australia between 64,000 and 40,000 years ago (51 kya).
Distribution
It is found in the Indigenous Australian popul... | Haplogroup S (mtDNA) | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 552 | [
"Biochemistry stubs",
"Biotechnology stubs",
"Bioinformatics",
"Bioinformatics stubs"
] |
10,685,970 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogroup%20pre-JT | Haplogroup pre-JT is a human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup (mtDNA). It is also called R2'JT.
Origin
Haplogroup pre-JT is a descendant of the haplogroup R. It is characterised by the mutation T4216C. The pre-JT clade has two direct descendant lineages, haplogroup JT and haplogroup R2.
Distribution
According to YFull MT... | Haplogroup pre-JT | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 280 | [
"Biochemistry stubs",
"Biotechnology stubs",
"Bioinformatics",
"Bioinformatics stubs"
] |
13,169,712 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embedment | Embedment is a phenomenon in mechanical engineering in which the surfaces between mechanical members of a loaded joint embed. It can lead to failure by fatigue as described below, and is of particular concern when considering the design of critical fastener joints.
Mechanism
The mechanism behind embedment is differen... | Embedment | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 561 | [
"Systems engineering",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Reliability engineering",
"Fasteners",
"Materials science",
"Construction",
"Mechanical engineering",
"Materials degradation"
] |
8,558,371 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alclad | Alclad is a corrosion-resistant aluminium sheet formed from high-purity aluminium surface layers metallurgically bonded (rolled onto) to high-strength aluminium alloy core material. It has a melting point of about . Alclad is a trademark of Alcoa but the term is also used generically.
Since the late 1920s, Alclad has ... | Alclad | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 904 | [
"Corrosion prevention",
"Aerospace materials",
"Metallurgy",
"Corrosion",
"Bimetal",
"Aluminium alloys",
"Alloys",
"Aerospace engineering"
] |
8,559,342 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deal%E2%80%93Grove%20model | The Deal–Grove model mathematically describes the growth of an oxide layer on the surface of a material. In particular, it is used to predict and interpret thermal oxidation of silicon in semiconductor device fabrication. The model was first published in 1965 by Bruce Deal and Andrew Grove of Fairchild Semiconductor, ... | Deal–Grove model | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,089 | [
"Microtechnology",
"Chemical engineering",
"Semiconductor device fabrication",
"Nanoelectronics",
"nan",
"Nanotechnology",
"Nanomaterials"
] |
8,559,750 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hin%20recombinase | Hin recombinase is a 21kD protein composed of 198 amino acids that is found in the bacteria Salmonella. Hin belongs to the serine recombinase family (B2) of DNA invertases in which it relies on the active site serine to initiate DNA cleavage and recombination. The related protein, gamma-delta resolvase shares high simi... | Hin recombinase | [
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 478 | [
"Genetics techniques",
"Genetic engineering"
] |
8,562,026 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroluminescent%20wire | Electroluminescent wire (often abbreviated as EL wire) is a thin copper wire coated in a phosphor that produces light through electroluminescence when an alternating current is applied to it. It can be used in a wide variety of applications—vehicle and structure decoration, safety and emergency lighting, toys, clothin... | Electroluminescent wire | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 1,328 | [
"Electronic engineering",
"Luminescence",
"Molecular physics",
"Display technology"
] |
8,562,999 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rippling | In computer science, more particularly in automated theorem proving, rippling refers to a group of meta-level heuristics, developed primarily in the Mathematical Reasoning Group in the School of Informatics at the University of Edinburgh, and most commonly used to guide inductive proofs in automated theorem proving sys... | Rippling | [
"Mathematics"
] | 770 | [
"Mathematical logic",
"Computational mathematics",
"Automated theorem proving"
] |
8,563,981 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OMDoc | OMDoc (Open Mathematical Documents) is a semantic markup format for mathematical documents. While MathML only covers mathematical formulae and the related OpenMath standard only supports formulae and “content dictionaries” containing definitions of the symbols used in formulae, OMDoc covers the whole range of written m... | OMDoc | [
"Mathematics",
"Technology"
] | 608 | [
"Computer standards",
"Mathematical markup languages",
"XML-based standards"
] |
8,564,033 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronchi%20test | In optical testing a Ronchi test is a method of determining the surface shape (figure) of a mirror used in telescopes and other optical devices.
Description
In 1923 Italian physicist Vasco Ronchi published a description of the eponymous Ronchi test, which is a variation of the Foucault knife-edge test and which uses s... | Ronchi test | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Astronomy"
] | 518 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Optics",
"Telescopes",
" molecular",
"Astronomical instruments",
"Atomic",
" and optical physics"
] |
8,564,483 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogdanov%E2%80%93Takens%20bifurcation | In bifurcation theory, a field within mathematics, a Bogdanov–Takens bifurcation is a well-studied example of a bifurcation with co-dimension two, meaning that two parameters must be varied for the bifurcation to occur. It is named after Rifkat Bogdanov and Floris Takens, who independently and simultaneously described ... | Bogdanov–Takens bifurcation | [
"Mathematics"
] | 435 | [
"Bifurcation theory",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
8,564,970 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landau%E2%80%93Kolmogorov%20inequality | In mathematics, the Landau–Kolmogorov inequality, named after Edmund Landau and Andrey Kolmogorov, is the following family of interpolation inequalities between different derivatives of a function f defined on a subset T of the real numbers:
On the real line
For k = 1, n = 2 and T = [c,∞) or T = R, the inequality was... | Landau–Kolmogorov inequality | [
"Mathematics"
] | 300 | [
"Binary relations",
"Mathematical relations",
"Inequalities (mathematics)",
"Mathematical problems",
"Mathematical theorems"
] |
8,565,423 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No-teleportation%20theorem | In quantum information theory, the no-teleportation theorem states that an arbitrary quantum state cannot be converted into a sequence of classical bits (or even an infinite number of such bits); nor can such bits be used to reconstruct the original state, thus "teleporting" it by merely moving classical bits around. P... | No-teleportation theorem | [
"Physics"
] | 756 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"No-go theorems",
"Equations of physics",
"Limits of computation",
"Physics theorems"
] |
5,400,794 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesicular%20monoamine%20transporter%201 | Vesicular monoamine transporter 1 (VMAT1) also known as chromaffin granule amine transporter (CGAT) or solute carrier family 18 member 1 (SLC18A1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC18A1 gene. VMAT1 is an integral membrane protein, which is embedded in synaptic vesicles and serves to transfer monoamines, ... | Vesicular monoamine transporter 1 | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,880 | [
"Biomolecules by chemical classification",
"Biogenic amines",
"Signal transduction",
"Receptors",
"Molecular neuroscience",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry",
"Neurochemistry"
] |
5,401,178 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-density%20lipoprotein%20receptor%20gene%20family | The low-density lipoprotein receptor gene family codes for a class of structurally related cell surface receptors that fulfill diverse biological functions in different organs, tissues, and cell types. The role that is most commonly associated with this evolutionarily ancient family is cholesterol homeostasis (maintena... | Low-density lipoprotein receptor gene family | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 824 | [
"Protein classification",
"Signal transduction",
"Receptors",
"Biochemistry",
"Protein families",
"Neurochemistry"
] |
5,401,558 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleaner%20production | Cleaner production is a preventive, company-specific environmental protection initiative. It is intended to minimize waste and emissions and maximize product output. By analysing the flow of materials and energy in a company, one tries to identify options to minimize waste and emissions out of industrial processes thr... | Cleaner production | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 876 | [
"Chemical engineering",
"Industrial engineering",
"Civil engineering",
"Environmental engineering",
"Industrial ecology"
] |
5,404,610 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open%E2%80%93closed%20principle | In object-oriented programming, the open–closed principle (OCP) states "software entities (classes, modules, functions, etc.) should be open for extension, but closed for modification";
that is, such an entity can allow its behaviour to be extended without modifying its source code.
The name open–closed principle has ... | Open–closed principle | [
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 591 | [
"Mathematical structures",
"Mathematical logic",
"Mathematical objects",
"Type theory",
"Design",
"Software design"
] |
5,406,474 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consensus%20%28computer%20science%29 | A fundamental problem in distributed computing and multi-agent systems is to achieve overall system reliability in the presence of a number of faulty processes. This often requires coordinating processes to reach consensus, or agree on some data value that is needed during computation. Example applications of consensus... | Consensus (computer science) | [
"Mathematics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 3,915 | [
"Distributed computing problems",
"Reliability engineering",
"Computational problems",
"Computer systems",
"Fault-tolerant computer systems",
"Mathematical problems"
] |
5,407,355 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beam%20dump | A beam dump, also known as a beam block, a beam stop, or a beam trap, is a device designed to absorb the energy of photons or other particles within an energetic beam.
Types of beam dumps
Beam blocks
Beam blocks are simple optical elements that absorb a beam of light using a material with strong absorption and low r... | Beam dump | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 290 | [
"Glass engineering and science",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Optical devices",
"Experimental physics",
"Accelerator physics"
] |
2,940,855 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiber%20Bragg%20grating | A fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is a type of distributed Bragg reflector constructed in a short segment of optical fiber that reflects particular wavelengths of light and transmits all others. This is achieved by creating a periodic variation in the refractive index of the fiber core, which generates a wavelength-specific ... | Fiber Bragg grating | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 5,232 | [
"Crystallography",
"Diffraction",
"Spectroscopy",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)"
] |
2,942,638 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloss%20%28optics%29 | Gloss is an optical property which indicates how well a surface reflects light in a specular (mirror-like) direction. It is one of the important parameters that are used to describe the visual appearance of an object. Other categories of visual appearance related to the perception of regular or diffuse reflection and t... | Gloss (optics) | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,780 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Optics",
" molecular",
"Atomic",
"Physical properties",
" and optical physics"
] |
1,483,778 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yarrow%20oil | Yarrow essential oil is a volatile oil including the chemical proazulene. The dark blue essential oil is extracted by steam distillation of the flowers of yarrow (Achillea millefolium).
It kills the larvae of the mosquito Aedes albopictus.
References
Essential oils
Further reading
Supercritical CO2 extraction of... | Yarrow oil | [
"Chemistry"
] | 175 | [
"Essential oils",
"Natural products"
] |
1,483,799 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometrical%20frustration | In condensed matter physics, geometrical frustration (or in short, frustration) is a phenomenon where the combination of conflicting inter-atomic forces leads to complex structures. Frustration can imply a plenitude of distinct ground states at zero temperature, and usual thermal ordering may be suppressed at higher te... | Geometrical frustration | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 4,199 | [
"Physical quantities",
"Phases of matter",
"Electric and magnetic fields in matter",
"Thermodynamic entropy",
"Materials science",
"Magnetic ordering",
"Entropy",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Statistical mechanics",
"Matter"
] |
1,483,960 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge%20invariance | Charge invariance refers to the fixed value of the electric charge of a particle regardless of its motion. Like mass, total spin and magnetic moment, particle's charge quantum number remains unchanged between two reference frames in relative motion. For example, an electron has a specific charge e, total spin , and inv... | Charge invariance | [
"Physics"
] | 246 | [
"Particle physics"
] |
1,484,098 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanium%20carbide | Titanium carbide, TiC, is an extremely hard (Mohs 9–9.5) refractory ceramic material, similar to tungsten carbide. It has the appearance of black powder with the sodium chloride (face-centered cubic) crystal structure.
It occurs in nature as a form of the very rare mineral () - (Ti,V,Fe)C. It was discovered in 1984 ... | Titanium carbide | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 499 | [
"Refractory materials",
"Materials",
"Superhard materials",
"Ceramic materials",
"Ceramic engineering",
"Matter"
] |
1,484,228 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montel%27s%20theorem | In complex analysis, an area of mathematics, Montel's theorem refers to one of two theorems about families of holomorphic functions. These are named after French mathematician Paul Montel, and give conditions under which a family of holomorphic functions is normal.
Locally uniformly bounded families are normal
The fi... | Montel's theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 574 | [
"Compactness theorems",
"Theorems in mathematical analysis",
"Theorems in complex analysis",
"Theorems in topology"
] |
1,484,457 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric%20focusing | Atmospheric focusing is a type of wave interaction causing shock waves to affect areas at a greater distance than otherwise expected. Variations in the atmosphere create distortions in the wavefront by refracting a segment, allowing it to converge at certain points and constructively interfere. In the case of destructi... | Atmospheric focusing | [
"Physics"
] | 575 | [
"Waves",
"Physical phenomena",
"Shock waves"
] |
1,484,696 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependency%20injection | In software engineering, dependency injection is a programming technique in which an object or function receives other objects or functions that it requires, as opposed to creating them internally. Dependency injection aims to separate the concerns of constructing objects and using them, leading to loosely coupled prog... | Dependency injection | [
"Technology"
] | 4,741 | [
"Component-based software engineering",
"Components"
] |
1,484,951 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selected-ion%20flow-tube%20mass%20spectrometry | Selected-ion flow-tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) is a quantitative mass spectrometry technique for trace gas analysis which involves the chemical ionization of trace volatile compounds by selected positive precursor ions during a well-defined time period along a flow tube. Absolute concentrations of trace compounds p... | Selected-ion flow-tube mass spectrometry | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,794 | [
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Instrumental analysis",
"Mass",
"Mass spectrometry",
"Matter"
] |
1,485,104 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical%20ionization | Chemical ionization (CI) is a soft ionization technique used in mass spectrometry. This was first introduced by Burnaby Munson and Frank H. Field in 1966. This technique is a branch of gaseous ion-molecule chemistry. Reagent gas molecules (often methane or ammonia) are ionized by electron ionization to form reagent ion... | Chemical ionization | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 2,329 | [
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Instrumental analysis",
"Mass",
"Ion source",
"Mass spectrometry",
"Matter"
] |
1,488,320 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No-communication%20theorem | In physics, the no-communication theorem (also referred to as the no-signaling principle) is a no-go theorem in quantum information theory. It asserts that during the measurement of an entangled quantum state, it is impossible for one observer to transmit information to another observer, regardless of their spatial sep... | No-communication theorem | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 2,097 | [
"Theorems in dynamical systems",
"Theorems in quantum mechanics",
"No-go theorems",
"Equations of physics",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Statistical mechanics theorems",
"Theorems in mathematical physics",
"Quantum measurement",
"Statistical mechanics",
"Physics theorems"
] |
2,135,870 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wu%E2%80%93Yang%20monopole | The Wu–Yang monopole was the first solution (found in 1968 by Tai Tsun Wu and Chen Ning Yang) to the Yang–Mills field equations. It describes a magnetic monopole which is pointlike and has a potential which behaves like 1/r everywhere.
See also
Meron
Dyon
Instanton
Wu–Yang dictionary
Notes
References
Gauge Fields, ... | Wu–Yang monopole | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 109 | [
"Astronomical hypotheses",
"Unsolved problems in physics",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Magnetic monopoles",
"Quantum physics stubs"
] |
2,137,509 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfect%20fluid | In physics, a perfect fluid or ideal fluid is a fluid that can be completely characterized by its rest frame mass density and isotropic pressure . Usually, "perfect fluid" is reserved for relativistic models and "ideal fluid" for classical inviscid flow. Real fluids are "sticky" and contain (and conduct) heat. Perfec... | Perfect fluid | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 462 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Phase transitions",
"Phases of matter",
"Superfluidity",
"Civil engineering",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Exotic matter",
"Fluid mechanics",
"Matter",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
2,138,745 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jump%20and%20Smile | The Jump & Smile is a type of fairground ride which consists of gondolas arranged on a number of radial arms around a central axis. As the central axis rotates, the arms are lifted into the air using compressed air cylinders at pseudo-random intervals, providing an erratic jumping motion. Most versions of the ride have... | Jump and Smile | [
"Physics",
"Technology"
] | 266 | [
"Physical systems",
"Machines",
"Amusement rides"
] |
2,139,649 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moore%20space%20%28algebraic%20topology%29 | In algebraic topology, a branch of mathematics, Moore space is the name given to a particular type of topological space that is the homology analogue of the Eilenberg–Maclane spaces of homotopy theory, in the sense that it has only one nonzero homology (rather than homotopy) group.
The study of Moore spaces was initia... | Moore space (algebraic topology) | [
"Mathematics"
] | 252 | [
"Topology stubs",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Topology",
"Algebraic topology"
] |
2,139,794 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paratrooper%20%28ride%29 | The Paratrooper, also known as the "Parachute Ride" or "Umbrella Ride", is a type of fairground ride. It is a ride where seats suspended below a wheel rotate at an angle. The seats are free to rock sideways and swing out under centrifugal force as the wheel rotates. Invariably, the seats on the Paratrooper ride have a ... | Paratrooper (ride) | [
"Physics",
"Technology"
] | 508 | [
"Physical systems",
"Machines",
"Amusement rides"
] |
2,139,849 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass%20ratio | In aerospace engineering, mass ratio is a measure of the efficiency of a rocket. It describes how much more massive the vehicle is with propellant than without; that is, the ratio of the rocket's wet mass (vehicle plus contents plus propellant) to its dry mass (vehicle plus contents). A more efficient rocket design re... | Mass ratio | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 445 | [
"Scalar physical quantities",
"Astrodynamics",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Mass",
"Ratios",
"Size",
"Arithmetic",
"Aerospace engineering",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities",
"Matter"
] |
15,838,199 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thymosin%20beta-4 | Thymosin beta-4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMSB4X gene. Recommended INN (International Nonproprietary Name) for thymosin beta-4 is 'timbetasin', as published by the World Health Organization (WHO).
The protein consists (in humans) of 43 amino acids (sequence: SDKPDMAEI EKFDKSKLKK TETQEKNPLP SKETIEQE... | Thymosin beta-4 | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,829 | [
"Biomolecules by chemical classification",
"Peptides",
"Molecular biology"
] |
15,842,342 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory%20diagnosis%20of%20viral%20infections | In the diagnostic laboratory, virus infections can be confirmed by a myriad of methods. Diagnostic virology has changed rapidly due to the advent of molecular techniques and increased clinical sensitivity of serological assays.
Sampling
A wide variety of samples can be used for virological testing. The type of sample... | Laboratory diagnosis of viral infections | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,349 | [
"Laboratory medicine techniques"
] |
15,846,772 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleofection | Nucleofection is an electroporation-based transfection method which enables transfer of nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA into cells by applying a specific voltage and reagents. Nucleofection, also referred to as nucleofector technology, was invented by the biotechnology company Amaxa. "Nucleofector" and "nucleofection... | Nucleofection | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 549 | [
"Biochemistry",
"Biological engineering",
"Genetic engineering",
"Molecular biology"
] |
15,848,842 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freddy%20II | Freddy (1969–1971) and Freddy II (1973–1976) were experimental robots built in the Department of Machine Intelligence and Perception (later Department of Artificial Intelligence, now part of the School of Informatics at the University of Edinburgh).
Technology
Technical innovations involving Freddy were at the forefro... | Freddy II | [
"Technology"
] | 1,135 | [
"History of computing",
"History of computing in the United Kingdom"
] |
958,117 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen%20assimilation | Nitrogen assimilation is the formation of organic nitrogen compounds like amino acids from inorganic nitrogen compounds present in the environment. Organisms like plants, fungi and certain bacteria that can fix nitrogen gas (N2) depend on the ability to assimilate nitrate or ammonia for their needs. Other organisms, l... | Nitrogen assimilation | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,276 | [
"Plant physiology",
"Plants",
"Nitrogen cycle",
"Cellular processes",
"Biochemistry",
"Metabolism"
] |
960,361 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transduction%20%28machine%20learning%29 | In logic, statistical inference, and supervised learning,
transduction or transductive inference is reasoning from
observed, specific (training) cases to specific (test) cases. In contrast,
induction is reasoning from observed training cases
to general rules, which are then applied to the test cases. The distinction is... | Transduction (machine learning) | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,789 | [
"Artificial intelligence engineering",
"Machine learning"
] |
960,455 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yakub%20%28Nation%20of%20Islam%29 | Yakub (also spelled Yacub or Yaqub) is a figure in the mythology of the Nation of Islam (NOI) and its offshoots. According to the NOI's doctrine, Yakub was a black Meccan scientist who lived 6,600 years ago and created the white race. According to the story, following his discovery of the law of attraction and repulsio... | Yakub (Nation of Islam) | [
"Biology"
] | 3,867 | [
"Biology theories",
"Obsolete biology theories",
"Scientific racism"
] |
960,581 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Load-bearing%20wall | A load-bearing wall or bearing wall is a wall that is an active structural element of a building, which holds the weight of the elements above it, by conducting its weight to a foundation structure below it.
Load-bearing walls are one of the earliest forms of construction. The development of the flying buttress in... | Load-bearing wall | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 819 | [
"Structural system",
"Types of wall",
"Structural engineering",
"Building engineering"
] |
961,605 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACES%20%28computational%20chemistry%29 | Aces II (Advanced Concepts in Electronic Structure Theory) is an ab initio computational chemistry package for performing high-level quantum chemical ab initio calculations. Its major strength is the accurate calculation of atomic and molecular energies as well as properties using many-body techniques such as many-body... | ACES (computational chemistry) | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 551 | [
"Computational chemistry software",
"Chemistry software",
"Theoretical chemistry stubs",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Computational chemistry stubs",
"Computational chemistry",
"Physical chemistry stubs",
"Quantum physics stubs"
] |
961,961 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene%20gun | In genetic engineering, a gene gun or biolistic particle delivery system is a device used to deliver exogenous DNA (transgenes), RNA, or protein to cells. By coating particles of a heavy metal with a gene of interest and firing these micro-projectiles into cells using mechanical force, an integration of desired genetic... | Gene gun | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 1,769 | [
"Genetics techniques",
"Materials science",
"Molecular biology techniques",
"Molecular genetics",
"nan",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry",
"Nanotechnology",
"Gene delivery"
] |
962,035 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismic%20refraction | Seismic refraction is a geophysical principle governed by Snell's Law of refraction. The seismic refraction method utilizes the refraction of seismic waves by rock or soil layers to characterize the subsurface geologic conditions and geologic structure.
Seismic refraction is exploited in engineering geology, geotechni... | Seismic refraction | [
"Physics"
] | 492 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Geophysics"
] |
962,123 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superframe | In telecommunications, superframe (SF) is a T1 framing standard. In the 1970s it replaced the original T1/D1 framing scheme of the 1960s in which the framing bit simply alternated between 0 and 1.
Superframe is sometimes called D4 Framing to avoid confusion with single-frequency signaling. It was first supported by ... | Superframe | [
"Engineering"
] | 790 | [
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Synchronization"
] |
962,171 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stern%E2%80%93Gerlach%20experiment | In quantum physics, the Stern–Gerlach experiment demonstrated that the spatial orientation of angular momentum is quantized. Thus an atomic-scale system was shown to have intrinsically quantum properties. In the original experiment, silver atoms were sent through a spatially-varying magnetic field, which deflected them... | Stern–Gerlach experiment | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science"
] | 2,814 | [
"Physics experiments",
"Spintronics",
"Foundational quantum physics",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Quantum measurement",
"Experimental physics",
"Condensed matter physics"
] |
962,174 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Node%20of%20Ranvier | Nodes of Ranvier ( ), also known as myelin-sheath gaps, occur along a myelinated axon where the axolemma is exposed to the extracellular space. Nodes of Ranvier are uninsulated axonal domains that are highly enriched in sodium and potassium ion channels complexed with cell adhesion molecules, allowing them to participa... | Node of Ranvier | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 3,992 | [
"Membrane biology",
"Signal transduction",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry",
"Neurochemistry"
] |
962,501 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floating%20car%20data | Floating car data (FCD) in traffic engineering and management is typically timestamped geo-localization and speed data directly collected by moving vehicles, in contrast to traditional traffic data collected at a fixed location by a stationary device or observer. In a physical interpretation context, FCD provides a Lag... | Floating car data | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 854 | [
"Transport systems",
"Measuring instruments",
"Industrial engineering",
"Information systems",
"Transportation engineering",
"Civil engineering",
"Warning systems",
"Speed sensors",
"Intelligent transportation systems"
] |
559,066 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobra%20probe | A Cobra probe is a device to measure the pressure and velocity components of a moving fluid. It is a multi-holed pressure probe with rotational axis of the probe shaft coplanar with the measurement plane of the instrument. Because of this geometry, when the instrument is rotated around the shaft's axis, the measuremen... | Cobra probe | [
"Physics",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 215 | [
"Hydrology",
"Physical systems",
"Hydraulics",
"Civil engineering",
"Hydraulic engineering"
] |
559,155 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metric%20modulation | In music, metric modulation is a change in pulse rate (tempo) and/or pulse grouping (subdivision) which is derived from a note value or grouping heard before the change. Examples of metric modulation may include changes in time signature across an unchanging tempo, but the concept applies more specifically to shifts fr... | Metric modulation | [
"Physics"
] | 972 | [
"Spacetime",
"Rhythm and meter",
"Physical quantities",
"Time"
] |
559,220 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captopril | Captopril, sold under the brand name Capoten among others, is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor used for the treatment of hypertension and some types of congestive heart failure. Captopril was the first oral ACE inhibitor found for the treatment of hypertension. It does not cause fatigue as associated wi... | Captopril | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,785 | [
"Stereochemistry",
"Thiols",
"Functional groups",
"Enantiopure drugs",
"Carboxylic acids",
"Organic compounds"
] |
559,764 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roentgen%20equivalent%20man | The roentgen equivalent man (rem) is a CGS unit of equivalent dose, effective dose, and committed dose, which are dose measures used to estimate potential health effects of low levels of ionizing radiation on the human body.
Quantities measured in rem are designed to represent the stochastic biological risk of ionizin... | Roentgen equivalent man | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Mathematics",
"Biology"
] | 1,526 | [
"Radiation health effects",
"Equivalent quantities",
"Units of measurement",
"Non-SI metric units",
"Radiobiology",
"Quantity",
"Units of radiation dose",
"Equivalent units",
"Radiation effects",
"Radioactivity"
] |
560,502 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosomal%20translocation | In genetics, chromosome translocation is a phenomenon that results in unusual rearrangement of chromosomes. This includes balanced and unbalanced translocation, with two main types: reciprocal, and Robertsonian translocation. Reciprocal translocation is a chromosome abnormality caused by exchange of parts between non-h... | Chromosomal translocation | [
"Biology"
] | 1,468 | [
"Modification of genetic information",
"Molecular genetics"
] |
561,585 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master%20theorem%20%28analysis%20of%20algorithms%29 | In the analysis of algorithms, the master theorem for divide-and-conquer recurrences provides an asymptotic analysis for many recurrence relations that occur in the analysis of divide-and-conquer algorithms. The approach was first presented by Jon Bentley, Dorothea Blostein (née Haken), and James B. Saxe in 1980, where... | Master theorem (analysis of algorithms) | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,355 | [
"Mathematical analysis",
"Recurrence relations",
"Theorems in discrete mathematics",
"Mathematical relations",
"Asymptotic analysis",
"Theorems in computational complexity theory"
] |
561,590 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive%20pressure | Positive pressure is a pressure within a system that is greater than the environment that surrounds that system. Consequently, if there is any leak from the positively pressured system, it will egress into the surrounding environment. This is in contrast to a negative pressure room, where air is sucked in.
Use is also... | Positive pressure | [
"Physics"
] | 476 | [
"Scalar physical quantities",
"Mechanical quantities",
"Physical quantities",
"Pressure",
"Classical mechanics",
"Mechanics",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities"
] |
562,067 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brillouin%20zone | In mathematics and solid state physics, the first Brillouin zone (named after Léon Brillouin) is a uniquely defined primitive cell in reciprocal space. In the same way the Bravais lattice is divided up into Wigner–Seitz cells in the real lattice, the reciprocal lattice is broken up into Brillouin zones. The boundaries... | Brillouin zone | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 583 | [
"Electron",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Materials science",
"Spectroscopy",
"Crystallography",
"Electronic band structures",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Vibrational spectroscopy"
] |
Subsets and Splits
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