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id int64 39 79M	url stringlengths 32 168	text stringlengths 7 145k	source stringlengths 2 105	categories listlengths 1 6	token_count int64 3 32.2k	subcategories listlengths 0 27
21,788,233	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GEOHAB	GEOHAB is an international research programme on the Global Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful algal blooms. It was initiated in 1998 by the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (of ICSU) and the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO. References External links GEOHAB Website Algal blooms UNESC...	GEOHAB	[ "Chemistry", "Biology", "Environmental_science" ]	61	[ "Algae", "Water treatment", "Water pollution", "Water quality indicators", "Algal blooms" ]
21,789,178	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River%20mouth	A river mouth is where a river flows into a larger body of water, such as another river, a lake/reservoir, a bay/gulf, a sea, or an ocean. At the river mouth, sediments are often deposited due to the slowing of the current, reducing the carrying capacity of the water. The water from a river can enter the receiving body...	River mouth	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	500	[ "Piping", "Chemical engineering", "Fluid dynamics" ]
21,789,230	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associative%20substitution	Associative substitution describes a pathway by which compounds interchange ligands. The terminology is typically applied to organometallic and coordination complexes, but resembles the Sn2 mechanism in organic chemistry. The opposite pathway is dissociative substitution, being analogous to the Sn1 pathway. Intermedia...	Associative substitution	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,531	[ "Reaction mechanisms", "Coordination chemistry", "nan", "Physical organic chemistry", "Chemical kinetics", "Organometallic chemistry" ]
21,789,530	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pht01	pHT01 is a plasmid used as a cloning vector for expressing proteins in Bacillus subtilis. It is 7,956 base pairs in length. pHT01 carries Pgrac, an artificial, strong, IPTG-inducible promoter consisting of the Bacillus subtilis groE promoter, a lac operator, and the gsiB ribosome binding site. It was first found on p...	Pht01	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	251	[ "Biotechnology stubs", "Molecular biology stubs", "Biochemistry stubs", "nan", "Molecular biology", "Biochemistry" ]
46,291,555	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elias%20C.%20Aifantis	Elias C. Aifantis (; born October 10, 1950) is professor at Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, professor of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Mechanics at Michigan Technological University since 1982. He has held academic positions with the University of Illinois (1976–1980) and the University of Minnesota (1...	Elias C. Aifantis	[ "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	657	[ "Mechanical engineers", "Materials scientists and engineers", "Materials science", "Mechanical engineering" ]
46,291,906	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GRADELA	GRADELA is a simple gradient elasticity model involving one internal length in addition to the two Lamé parameters. It allows eliminating elastic singularities and discontinuities and to interpret elastic size effects. This model has been suggested by Elias C. Aifantis. The main advantage of GRADELA over Mindlin's el...	GRADELA	[ "Physics", "Materials_science" ]	364	[ "Solid mechanics", "Physical phenomena", "Elasticity (physics)", "Deformation (mechanics)", "Mechanics", "Physical properties" ]
46,294,069	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3%20Piscis%20Austrini	3 Piscis Austrini, also known as HD 201901 or simply 3 PsA, is an astrometric binary (100% chance) located in the southern constellation Microscopium. It was once part of Piscis Austrinus, the southern fish. The system has a combined apparent magnitude of 5.39, making it faintly visible to the naked eye under ideal con...	3 Piscis Austrini	[ "Astronomy" ]	360	[ "Microscopium", "Constellations" ]
46,298,670	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafnium%20tetrabromide	Hafnium tetrabromide is the inorganic compound with the formula HfBr4. It is the most common bromide of hafnium. It is a colorless, diamagnetic moisture sensitive solid that sublimes in vacuum. It adopts a structure very similar to that of zirconium tetrabromide, featuring tetrahedral Hf centers, in contrast to the p...	Hafnium tetrabromide	[ "Chemistry" ]	107	[ "Bromides", "Inorganic compounds", "Metal halides", "Salts" ]
40,201,057	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrott%20plot	In condensed matter physics, an Arrott plot is a plot of the square of the magnetization of a substance, against the ratio of the applied magnetic field to magnetization at one (or several) fixed temperature(s). Arrott plots are an easy way of determining the presence of ferromagnetic order in a material. They are na...	Arrott plot	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	626	[ "Magnetic ordering", "Condensed matter physics", "Electric and magnetic fields in matter", "Materials science" ]
40,207,657	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brezis%E2%80%93Gallou%C3%ABt%20inequality	In mathematical analysis, the Brezis–Gallouët inequality, named after Haïm Brezis and Thierry Gallouët, is an inequality valid in 2 spatial dimensions. It shows that a function of two variables which is sufficiently smooth is (essentially) bounded, and provides an explicit bound, which depends only logarithmically on...	Brezis–Gallouët inequality	[ "Mathematics" ]	221	[ "Theorems in mathematical analysis", "Mathematical analysis", "Binary relations", "Mathematical relations", "Inequalities (mathematics)", "Mathematical problems", "Mathematical theorems" ]
36,027,149	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weizenbaum%20Award	The Weizenbaum Award was established in 2008 by the International Society for Ethics and Information Technology (INSEIT). It is given every two years by INSEIT's adjudication committee to an individual who has “made a significant contribution to the field of information and computer ethics, through his or her research,...	Weizenbaum Award	[ "Technology" ]	303	[ "Science and technology awards", "Computer science", "Information science awards", "Computer science awards" ]
36,028,317	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicate%20perovskite	Silicate perovskite is either (the magnesium end-member is called bridgmanite) or (calcium silicate known as davemaoite) when arranged in a perovskite structure. Silicate perovskites are not stable at Earth's surface, and mainly exist in the lower part of Earth's mantle, between about depth. They are thought to form...	Silicate perovskite	[ "Physics" ]	913	[ "High pressure science", "Applied and interdisciplinary physics" ]
36,030,443	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline%20of%20nuclear%20power	The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to nuclear power: Nuclear power – the use of sustained nuclear fission to generate heat and electricity. Nuclear power plants provide about 6% of the world's energy and 13–14% of the world's electricity, with the U.S., France, and Japan together acc...	Outline of nuclear power	[ "Physics" ]	1,750	[ "Power (physics)", "Physical quantities", "Nuclear power" ]
36,035,103	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc%20finger%20transcription%20factor	Zinc finger transcription factors or ZF-TFs, are transcription factors composed of a zinc finger-binding domain and any of a variety of transcription-factor effector-domains that exert their modulatory effect in the vicinity of any sequence to which the protein domain binds. Zinc finger protein transcription factors c...	Zinc finger transcription factor	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	410	[ "Induced stem cells", "Gene expression", "Transcription factors", "Signal transduction" ]
44,596,487	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Approach%20and%20departure%20angles	Approach angle is the maximum angle of a ramp onto which a vehicle can climb from a horizontal plane without interference. It is defined as the angle between the ground and the line drawn between the front tire and the lowest-hanging part of the vehicle at the front overhang. Departure angle is its counterpart at the ...	Approach and departure angles	[ "Physics", "Engineering" ]	159	[ "Geometric measurement", "Scalar physical quantities", "Physical quantities", "Automotive engineering", "Mechanical engineering by discipline", "Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities", "Angle" ]
44,600,123	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sclerotinia%20bulborum	Sclerotinia bulborum is a plant pathogen infecting the bulbs of plants, causing black slime disease. It affects a number of ornamental bulbous plants including Iris, Hyacinth, Muscari and Narcissus. References Bibliography External links Index Fungorum USDA ARS Fungal Database Fungi of the United States Mycoban...	Sclerotinia bulborum	[ "Biology" ]	86	[ "Fungi", "Fungus species" ]
44,600,975	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equatorial%20plasma%20bubble	Equatorial plasma bubbles are an ionospheric phenomenon near the Earth's geomagnetic equator at night time. They affect radio waves by causing varying delays. They degrade the performance of GPS. Different times of the year and locations have different frequencies of occurrence. In Northern Australia, the most common ...	Equatorial plasma bubble	[ "Physics", "Astronomy" ]	224	[ "Plasma physics", "Astronomy stubs", "Astrophysics", "Astrophysics stubs", "Plasma physics stubs" ]
44,605,563	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventilatory%20threshold	In kinesiology, the ventilatory threshold (VT1) refers to the point during exercise at which the volume of air breathed out (expiratory ventilation) starts to increase at an exponentially greater rate than VO2 (breath-by-breath volume of oxygen (O2)). VT1 is thought to reflect a person's anaerobic threshold — the point...	Ventilatory threshold	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	1,251	[ "Biochemistry", "Exercise biochemistry" ]
44,610,362	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chan%E2%80%93Lam%20coupling	The Chan–Lam coupling reaction, also known as the Chan–Evans–Lam coupling, is a cross-coupling reaction between an aryl boronic acid and an alcohol or an amine to form the corresponding secondary aryl amines or aryl ethers, respectively. The Chan–Lam coupling is catalyzed by copper complexes. It can be conducted in air...	Chan–Lam coupling	[ "Chemistry" ]	396	[ "Coupling reactions", "Name reactions", "Carbon-carbon bond forming reactions", "Organic reactions" ]
23,276,709	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinforced%20rubber	Reinforced rubber products are one of the largest groups of composite materials, though rarely referred to as composite materials. Familiar examples are automobile tyres, hoses, and conveyor belts. Composite reinforced structure Reinforced rubber products combine a rubber matrix and a reinforcing material so that high...	Reinforced rubber	[ "Physics" ]	1,020	[ "Materials", "Composite materials", "Matter" ]
23,280,456	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamination%20%28topology%29	In topology, a branch of mathematics, a lamination is a : "topological space partitioned into subsets" decoration (a structure or property at a point) of a manifold in which some subset of the manifold is partitioned into sheets of some lower dimension, and the sheets are locally parallel. A lamination of a surface...	Lamination (topology)	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	245	[ "Space (mathematics)", "Topology stubs", "Topological spaces", "Topology", "Space", "Manifolds", "Geometry", "Spacetime" ]
23,280,931	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladder%20operator	In linear algebra (and its application to quantum mechanics), a raising or lowering operator (collectively known as ladder operators) is an operator that increases or decreases the eigenvalue of another operator. In quantum mechanics, the raising operator is sometimes called the creation operator, and the lowering ope...	Ladder operator	[ "Physics" ]	2,158	[ "Quantum operators", "Quantum mechanics" ]
23,281,338	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organogallium%20chemistry	Organogallium chemistry is the chemistry of organometallic compounds containing a carbon to gallium (Ga) chemical bond. Despite their high toxicity , organogallium compounds have some use in organic synthesis. The compound trimethylgallium is of some relevance to MOCVD as a precursor to gallium arsenide via its reactio...	Organogallium chemistry	[ "Chemistry" ]	475	[ "Organic compounds", "Organometallic compounds", "Organometallic chemistry", "Inorganic compounds" ]
23,282,391	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actinium-225	Actinium-225 (225Ac, Ac-225) is an isotope of actinium. It undergoes alpha decay to francium-221 with a half-life of 10 days, and is an intermediate decay product in the neptunium series (the decay chain starting at 237Np). Except for minuscule quantities arising from this decay chain in nature, 225Ac is entirely synth...	Actinium-225	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,112	[ "Chemicals in medicine", "Isotopes of actinium", "Isotopes", "Medical isotopes" ]
23,284,390	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indium-111	Indium-111 (111In) is a radioactive isotope of indium (In). It decays by electron capture to stable cadmium-111 with a half-life of 2.8 days. Indium-111 chloride (111InCl) solution is produced by proton irradiation of a cadmium target (112Cd(p,2n) or 111Cd(p,n)) in a cyclotron, as recommended by International Atomic En...	Indium-111	[ "Chemistry" ]	649	[ "Chemicals in medicine", "Isotopes of indium", "Isotopes", "Medical isotopes" ]
23,285,206	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidium-82	Rubidium-82 (82Rb) is a radioactive isotope of rubidium. 82Rb is widely used in myocardial perfusion imaging. This isotope undergoes rapid uptake by myocardiocytes, which makes it a valuable tool for identifying myocardial ischemia in Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging. 82Rb is used in the pharmaceutical indust...	Rubidium-82	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,428	[ "Medicinal radiochemistry", "Isotopes of rubidium", "Isotopes", "PET radiotracers", "Chemicals in medicine", "Medical isotopes" ]
33,391,213	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochlorination	Electrochlorination is the process of producing hypochlorite by passing electric current through salt water. This disinfects the water and makes it safe for human use, such as for drinking water or swimming pools. Process The process of electrochlorination is a simple application based on the chloralkali process (in a...	Electrochlorination	[ "Chemistry" ]	801	[ "Electrochemistry" ]
33,395,921	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haemadin	In molecular biology, haemadin is an anticoagulant peptide synthesised by the Indian leech, Haemadipsa sylvestris. It adopts a secondary structure consisting of five short beta-strands (beta1-beta5), which are arranged in two antiparallel distorted sheets formed by strands beta1-beta4-beta5 and beta2-beta3 facing each ...	Haemadin	[ "Biology" ]	245	[ "Protein domains", "Protein classification" ]
33,397,867	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haemagglutination%20activity%20domain	In molecular biology, the haemagglutination activity domain is a conserved protein domain found near the N terminus of a number of large, repetitive bacterial proteins, including many proteins of over 2500 amino acids. A number of the members of this family have been designated adhesins, filamentous haemagglutinins, ha...	Haemagglutination activity domain	[ "Biology" ]	291	[ "Protein domains", "Protein classification" ]
33,404,658	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treehouse%20of%20Horror%20XXIII	"Treehouse of Horror XXIII" is the second episode of the twenty-fourth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. The episode was directed by Steven Dean Moore and written by David Mandel and Brian Kelley. It first aired on the Fox network in the United States on October 7, 2012. In the United King...	Treehouse of Horror XXIII	[ "Physics" ]	1,881	[ "Black holes", "Unsolved problems in physics", "Fiction about black holes" ]
38,907,720	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autowave	Autowaves are self-supporting non-linear waves in active media (i.e. those that provide distributed energy sources). The term is generally used in processes where the waves carry relatively low energy, which is necessary for synchronization or switching the active medium. Introduction Relevance and significance I...	Autowave	[ "Physics", "Mathematics", "Biology" ]	3,056	[ "Mathematical modeling", "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Applied mathematics", "Computational science", "Nonlinear systems", "Biophysics", "Dynamical systems" ]
38,908,868	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Targeted%20mass%20spectrometry	Targeted mass spectrometry is a mass spectrometry technique that uses multiple stages of tandem mass spectrometry (MSn with n=2 or 3) for ions of specific mass (m/z), at specific time. The values of the m/z and time are defined in an inclusion list which is derived from a previous analysis. Applications Targeted analy...	Targeted mass spectrometry	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	374	[ "Spectrum (physical sciences)", "Instrumental analysis", "Mass", "Mass spectrometry", "Matter" ]
38,914,040	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elastomeric%20bridge%20bearing	An elastomeric bridge bearing, also known as a pot bearing or elastomeric bearing, is a commonly used modern bridge bearing. The term encompasses several different types of bearings including bearing pads, bridge bearings, laminated elastomeric bearings, and seismic isolators ... which are all generally referred to ...	Elastomeric bridge bearing	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	425	[ "Civil engineering stubs", "Bridge components", "Civil engineering", "Components" ]
38,914,982	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial%20phylogenetics	Microbial phylogenetics is the study of the manner in which various groups of microorganisms are genetically related. This helps to trace their evolution. To study these relationships biologists rely on comparative genomics, as physiology and comparative anatomy are not possible methods. History 1960s–1970s Microbia...	Microbial phylogenetics	[ "Biology" ]	1,420	[ "Bioinformatics", "Phylogenetics", "Microorganisms", "Taxonomy (biology)" ]
37,463,874	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C21H36O5	{{DISPLAYTITLE:C21H36O5}} The molecular formula C21H36O5 (molar mass: 368.51 g/mol, exact mass: 368.2563 u) may refer to: Betaenone B Carboprost Constipatic acid Molecular formulas	C21H36O5	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	68	[ "Molecules", "Set index articles on molecular formulas", "Isomerism", "Molecular formulas", "Matter" ]
37,470,192	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nullomers	Nullomers are short sequences of DNA that do not occur in the genome of a species (for example, humans), even though they are theoretically possible. Nullomers must be under selective pressure - for example, they may be toxic to the cell. Some nullomers have been shown to be useful to treat leukemia, breast, and prosta...	Nullomers	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering", "Biology" ]	730	[ "Amino acids", "Biomolecules by chemical classification", "Genetics techniques", "Genetic engineering" ]
31,827,826	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TIARA%20%28database%29	The Integrated Archive of Short-Read and Array (TIARA) database contains personal genomic information obtained from next generation sequencing techniques and ultra-high-resolution comparative genomic hybridization. See also Personal genomics References External links http://tiara.gmi.ac.kr DNA sequencing Genome d...	TIARA (database)	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	65	[ "Molecular biology techniques", "DNA sequencing" ]
31,830,485	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WASP-43	WASP-43 is a K-type star about away in the Sextans constellation. It is about half the size of the Sun, and has approximately half the mass. WASP-43 has one known planet in orbit, a Hot Jupiter called WASP-43b. At the time of publishing of WASP-43b's discovery on April 15, 2011, the planet was the most closely orbitin...	WASP-43	[ "Astronomy" ]	923	[ "Constellations", "Sextans", "Astronomy organizations", "Wide Angle Search for Planets" ]
31,831,357	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary%20of%20elementary%20quantum%20mechanics	This is a glossary for the terminology often encountered in undergraduate quantum mechanics courses. Cautions: Different authors may have different definitions for the same term. The discussions are restricted to Schrödinger picture and non-relativistic quantum mechanics. Notation: - position eigenstate - wave ...	Glossary of elementary quantum mechanics	[ "Physics" ]	2,222	[ "Theoretical physics", "Quantum mechanics" ]
34,950,733	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bochner%27s%20theorem%20%28Riemannian%20geometry%29	In mathematics, Salomon Bochner proved in 1946 that any Killing vector field of a compact Riemannian manifold with negative Ricci curvature must be zero. Consequently the isometry group of the manifold must be finite. Discussion The theorem is a corollary of Bochner's more fundamental result which says that on any co...	Bochner's theorem (Riemannian geometry)	[ "Mathematics" ]	367	[ "Theorems in differential geometry", "Theorems in geometry" ]
34,953,559	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sieverts%27%20law	Sieverts' law, in physical metallurgy and in chemistry, is a rule to predict the solubility of gases in metals. It is named after German chemist Adolf Sieverts (1874–1947). The law states that the solubility of a diatomic gas in metal is proportional to the square root of the partial pressure of the gas in thermodynam...	Sieverts' law	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	238	[ "Metallurgy", "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Materials science", "nan" ]
34,955,091	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conley%E2%80%93Zehnder%20theorem	In mathematics, the Conley–Zehnder theorem, named after Charles C. Conley and Eduard Zehnder, provides a lower bound for the number of fixed points of Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms of standard symplectic tori in terms of the topology of the underlying tori. The lower bound is one plus the cup-length of the torus (thus 2n...	Conley–Zehnder theorem	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	206	[ "Theorems in mathematical analysis", "Mathematical analysis", "Mathematical analysis stubs", "Fixed points (mathematics)", "Topology", "Mechanics", "Mathematical problems", "Mathematical theorems", "Dynamical systems" ]
34,957,160	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rademacher%E2%80%93Menchov%20theorem	In mathematical analysis, the Rademacher–Menchov theorem, introduced by and , gives a sufficient condition for a series of orthogonal functions on an interval to converge almost everywhere. Statement If the coefficients cν of a series of bounded orthogonal functions on an interval satisfy then the series converges ...	Rademacher–Menchov theorem	[ "Mathematics" ]	69	[ "Mathematical analysis", "Theorems in mathematical analysis", "Mathematical theorems", "Mathematical problems" ]
34,959,071	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baer%20group	In mathematics, a Baer group is a group in which every cyclic subgroup is subnormal. Every Baer group is locally nilpotent. Baer groups are named after Reinhold Baer. References Properties of groups	Baer group	[ "Mathematics" ]	48	[ "Mathematical structures", "Algebraic structures", "Properties of groups" ]
34,960,097	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kris%20Sigurdson	Kris Sigurdson is a Canadian physicist and cosmologist. He is an associate professor in the University of British Columbia's department of physics and astronomy in Vancouver, British Columbia. He was previously a NASA Hubble Fellow and Member of the Institute for Advanced Study. He received a Ph.D. in physics from the ...	Kris Sigurdson	[ "Physics" ]	244	[ "Theoretical physics", "Theoretical physicists" ]
26,179,180	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activated%20sludge%20model	Activated sludge model is a generic name for a group of mathematical methods to model activated sludge systems. The research in this area is coordinated by a task group of the International Water Association (IWA). Activated sludge models are used in scientific research to study biological processes in hypothetical sys...	Activated sludge model	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering", "Environmental_science" ]	686	[ "Sewerage", "Environmental engineering", "Water pollution" ]
26,180,083	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell%E2%80%93Stefan%20diffusion	The Maxwell–Stefan diffusion (or Stefan–Maxwell diffusion) is a model for describing diffusion in multicomponent systems. The equations that describe these transport processes have been developed independently and in parallel by James Clerk Maxwell for dilute gases and Josef Stefan for liquids. The Maxwell–Stefan equat...	Maxwell–Stefan diffusion	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	392	[ "Transport phenomena", "Physical phenomena", "Diffusion" ]
26,183,772	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tail%20suspension%20test	The tail suspension test (TST) is an experimental method used in scientific research to measure stress in rodents. It is based on the observation that if a mouse is subjected to short term inescapable stress then the mouse will become immobile. It is used to measure the effectiveness of antidepressant-like agents but t...	Tail suspension test	[ "Chemistry" ]	975	[ "Animal testing", "Animal testing techniques" ]
26,184,087	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic%20substance	A synthetic substance or synthetic compound refers to a substance that is man-made by synthesis, rather than being produced by nature. It also refers to a substance or compound formed under human control by any chemical reaction, either by chemical synthesis (chemosyntesis) or by biosynthesis. References Chemical sy...	Synthetic substance	[ "Chemistry" ]	65	[ "Chemical reaction stubs", "nan", "Chemical synthesis" ]
26,184,833	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interference%20reflection%20microscopy	Interference reflection microscopy (IRM), also called Reflection Interference Contrast Microscopy (RICM) or Reflection Contrast Microscopy (RCM) depending on the specific optical elements used, is an optical microscopy technique that leverages thin-film interference effects to form an image of an object on a glass surf...	Interference reflection microscopy	[ "Chemistry", "Technology", "Engineering" ]	1,557	[ "Microscopes", "Measuring instruments", "Microscopy" ]
41,640,035	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insect%20cell%20culture	The use of insect cell lines as production hosts is an emerging technology for the production of bio pharmaceuticals. There are currently more than 100 insect cell lines available for recombinant protein production with lines derived from Bombyx mori, Mamestra brassicae, Spodoptera frugiperda, Trichoplusia ni, and Dros...	Insect cell culture	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	152	[ "Biochemistry methods", "Pharmacology", "Biotechnology products", "Cell culture techniques", "Biopharmaceuticals" ]
41,641,313	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C8H7NO2	{{DISPLAYTITLE:C8H7NO2}} The molecular formula C8H7NO2 (molar mass: 149.15 g/mol, exact mass: 149.0477 u) may refer to: 5,6-Dihydroxyindole NAPQI, also known as N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine or NABPQI β-Nitrostyrene Molecular formulas	C8H7NO2	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	96	[ "Molecules", "Set index articles on molecular formulas", "Isomerism", "Molecular formulas", "Matter" ]
41,644,056	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inductive%20programming	Inductive programming (IP) is a special area of automatic programming, covering research from artificial intelligence and programming, which addresses learning of typically declarative (logic or functional) and often recursive programs from incomplete specifications, such as input/output examples or constraints. Depen...	Inductive programming	[ "Engineering" ]	1,628	[ "Artificial intelligence engineering", "Machine learning" ]
46,306,612	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fidgetin-like%202	Fidgetin-like 2 (FL2) is a human enzyme that slows the rate at which skin cells migrate to wounds to heal them. If this enzyme is suppressed/absent, skin cells move faster, speeding the healing process. Delivery Molecules of silencing RNA (siRNA) that bind to a gene's messenger RNA (mRNA) can inhibit the production ...	Fidgetin-like 2	[ "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	183	[ "Nanotechnology", "Materials science" ]
46,309,718	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tantalum%28V%29%20iodide	Tantalum(V) iodide is the inorganic compound with the formula Ta2I10. Its name comes from the compound's empirical formula, TaI5. It is a diamagnetic, black solid that hydrolyses readily. The compound adopts an edge-shared bioctahedral structure, which means that two TaI5 units are joined by a pair of iodide bridges....	Tantalum(V) iodide	[ "Chemistry" ]	204	[ "Inorganic compounds", "Metal halides", "Salts" ]
4,024,861	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transpiration%20stream	In plants, the transpiration stream is the uninterrupted stream of water and solutes which is taken up by the roots and transported via the xylem to the leaves where it evaporates into the air/apoplast-interface of the substomatal cavity. It is driven by capillary action and in some plants by root pressure. The main dr...	Transpiration stream	[ "Biology" ]	636	[ "Plant physiology", "Plants" ]
4,025,205	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemic%20acquired%20resistance	Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a "whole-plant" resistance response that occurs following an earlier localized exposure to a pathogen. SAR is analogous to the innate immune system found in animals, and although there are many shared aspects between the two systems, it is thought to be a result of convergent evolu...	Systemic acquired resistance	[ "Biology" ]	823	[ "Immune system", "Organ systems", "Plant physiology", "Plants" ]
4,026,007	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroluminescent%20display	Electroluminescent displays (ELDs) are a type of flat panel display created by sandwiching a layer of electroluminescent material such as gallium arsenide between two layers of conductors. When current flows, the layer of material emits radiation in the form of visible light. Electroluminescence (EL) is an optical and ...	Electroluminescent display	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	586	[ "Physical phenomena", "Luminescence", "Molecular physics", "Electronic engineering", "Electrical phenomena", "Display technology" ]
4,026,223	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persistence%20length	The persistence length is a basic mechanical property quantifying the bending stiffness of a polymer. The molecule behaves like a flexible elastic rod/beam (beam theory). Informally, for pieces of the polymer that are shorter than the persistence length, the molecule behaves like a rigid rod, while for pieces of the po...	Persistence length	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Mathematics" ]	986	[ "Polymer physics", "Physical phenomena", "Physical quantities", "Quantity", "Polymer chemistry", "Physical properties" ]
4,027,702	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellar%20drift	Stellar drift, or the motion of stars, is a necessary result of the lack of an absolute reference frame in special relativity. Nothing in space stands still—more precisely, standing still is meaningless without defining what "still" means. Most galaxies have been moving away ever since the Big Bang, in connection with...	Stellar drift	[ "Physics", "Astronomy" ]	230	[ "Concepts in astrophysics", "Astronomy stubs", "Stellar astronomy stubs", "Concepts in stellar astronomy", "Astronomical sub-disciplines", "Stellar astronomy" ]
4,027,813	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planar%20ternary%20ring	In mathematics, an algebraic structure consisting of a non-empty set and a ternary mapping may be called a ternary system. A planar ternary ring (PTR) or ternary field is special type of ternary system used by Marshall Hall to construct projective planes by means of coordinates. A planar ternary ring is not a ring...	Planar ternary ring	[ "Mathematics" ]	1,200	[ "Mathematical structures", "Mathematical objects", "Algebraic structures" ]
4,028,727	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inductive%20pump	An Inductive pump is a magnetically regulated positive displacement pump used to pump liquids and gases. It is capable of handling many corrosive chemicals as well as solvents and gases. It is characterized by a single piston that reciprocates within a magnetic field and therefore doesn’t require a dynamic seal to li...	Inductive pump	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	1,924	[ "Pumps", "Hydraulics", "Physical systems", "Turbomachinery" ]
4,030,816	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resistor%20ladder	A resistor ladder is an electrical circuit made from repeating units of resistors, in specific configurations. An R–2R ladder configuration is a simple and inexpensive way to perform digital-to-analog conversion (DAC), using repetitive arrangements of precise resistor networks in a ladder-like configuration. History ...	Resistor ladder	[ "Engineering" ]	1,779	[ "Analog circuits", "Electronic engineering" ]
4,031,236	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%20puzzle	The T puzzle is a tiling puzzle consisting of four polygonal shapes which can be put together to form a capital T. The four pieces are usually one isosceles right triangle, two right trapezoids and an irregular shaped pentagon. Despite its apparent simplicity, it is a surprisingly hard puzzle of which the crux is the ...	T puzzle	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	1,699	[ "Tessellation", "Recreational mathematics", "Tiling puzzles", "Symmetry" ]
4,031,908	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiele%27s%20interpolation%20formula	In mathematics, Thiele's interpolation formula is a formula that defines a rational function from a finite set of inputs and their function values . The problem of generating a function whose graph passes through a given set of function values is called interpolation. This interpolation formula is named after the Dan...	Thiele's interpolation formula	[ "Mathematics" ]	142	[ "Mathematical analysis", "Finite differences", "Mathematical analysis stubs" ]
4,031,944	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotope-ratio%20mass%20spectrometry	Isotope-ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) is a specialization of mass spectrometry, in which mass spectrometric methods are used to measure the relative abundance of isotopes in a given sample. This technique has two different applications in the earth and environmental sciences. The analysis of 'stable isotopes' is norm...	Isotope-ratio mass spectrometry	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	2,840	[ "Spectrum (physical sciences)", "Instrumental analysis", "Mass", "Mass spectrometry", "nan", "Matter" ]
28,041,875	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellulose%20electrode	A cellulose electrode is a welding electrode that has a coating containing organic materials. About 30% of the coating weight is cellulose. In some countries, paper pulp and wood powder are added to the coating in certain ratios to reduce the amount of pure cellulose. The organic compounds in the coating decompose in...	Cellulose electrode	[ "Chemistry" ]	394	[ "Electrochemistry", "Electrodes" ]
28,044,471	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eu%27Vend	Eu'Vend (official subtitle the international trade fair for the vending industry) is organised every two years by Cologne Trade Fair (Koelnmesse) at the fairground in Cologne - Germany. The conceptual sponsor of the fair is the German Vending Association (bdv), international partner is the European Vending Association,...	Eu'Vend	[ "Engineering" ]	753	[ "Vending machines", "Automation" ]
21,794,040	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNet	GNet is a simple network library. It is written in C, object-oriented, and built upon GLib. It is intended to be small, fast, easy-to-use, and easy to port. The interface is similar to the interface for Java's network library. GNet has been ported to Linux, BSD, macOS, Solaris, HP-UX, and Windows. It may work on other...	GNet	[ "Technology" ]	374	[ "Computing stubs" ]
21,795,029	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retrobright	Retrobright (stylized as retr0bright or Retrobrite) is a hydrogen peroxide-based process for removing yellowing from ABS plastics. Yellowing in ABS plastic occurs when it is exposed to UV light or excessive heat, which causes photo-oxidation of polymers that breaks polymer chains and causes the plastic to yellow and b...	Retrobright	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	539	[ "Products of chemical industry", "Unsolved problems in physics", "Cleaning products", "Amorphous solids", "Plastics" ]
21,797,771	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plumbide	Plumbide is an anion of lead atoms. There are three plumbide anions, written as Pb−, Pb2− and Pb4− with 3 oxidation states, -1, -2 and -4, respectively. A plumbide can refer to one of two things: an intermetallic compound that contains lead, or a Zintl phase compound with lead as the anion. Zintl phase Plumbides can ...	Plumbide	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science" ]	459	[ "Matter", "Inorganic compounds", "Anions", "Cluster chemistry", "Metallurgy", "Intermetallics", "Condensed matter physics", "Alloys", "Organometallic chemistry", "Ions" ]
21,799,732	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widom%20insertion%20method	The Widom insertion method is a statistical thermodynamic approach to the calculation of material and mixture properties. It is named for Benjamin Widom, who derived it in 1963. In general, there are two theoretical approaches to determining the statistical mechanical properties of materials. The first is the direct...	Widom insertion method	[ "Physics" ]	587	[ "Statistical mechanics" ]
44,891,558	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phillips%20catalyst	The Phillips catalyst, or the Phillips supported chromium catalyst, is the catalyst used to produce approximately half of the world's polyethylene. A heterogeneous catalyst, it consists of a chromium oxide supported on silica gel. Polyethylene, the most-produced synthetic polymer, is produced industrially by the polym...	Phillips catalyst	[ "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	356	[ "Catalysis", "Catalysts", "Coordination complexes", "Coordination chemistry", "Materials science", "Polymer chemistry", "Chemical kinetics" ]
36,037,779	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drag%20curve	The drag curve or drag polar is the relationship between the drag on an aircraft and other variables, such as lift, the coefficient of lift, angle-of-attack or speed. It may be described by an equation or displayed as a graph (sometimes called a "polar plot"). Drag may be expressed as actual drag or the coefficient of ...	Drag curve	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	2,812	[ "Drag (physics)", "Physical quantities", "Aerodynamics", "Airspeed", "Aerospace engineering", "Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities", "Fluid dynamics" ]
36,043,280	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanogen%20fluoride	Cyanogen fluoride (molecular formula: FCN; IUPAC name: carbononitridic fluoride) is an inorganic linear compound which consists of a fluorine in a single bond with carbon, and a nitrogen in a triple bond with carbon. It is a toxic and explosive gas at room temperature. It is used in organic synthesis and can be produce...	Cyanogen fluoride	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	969	[ "Pseudohalogens", "Inorganic compounds", "Molecules", "Salts", "Triatomic molecules", "Fluorides", "Matter" ]
36,044,328	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal%20hydroxide	In chemistry, metal hydroxides are a family of compounds of the form where M is a metal. They consist of hydroxide () anions and metallic cations, and are often strong bases. Some metal hydroxides, such as alkali metal hydroxides, ionize completely when dissolved. Certain metal hydroxides are weak electrolytes and di...	Metal hydroxide	[ "Chemistry" ]	395	[ "Metals", "Bases (chemistry)", "Hydroxides" ]
36,044,548	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tompkins%E2%80%93Paige%20algorithm	The Tompkins–Paige algorithm is a computer algorithm for generating all permutations of a finite set of objects. The method Let P and c be arrays of length n with 1-based indexing (i.e. the first entry of an array has index 1). The algorithm for generating all n! permutations of the set {1, 2, ..., n} is given by the...	Tompkins–Paige algorithm	[ "Mathematics" ]	927	[ "Combinatorial algorithms", "Functions and mappings", "Permutations", "Mathematical objects", "Computational mathematics", "Combinatorics", "Mathematical relations" ]
36,045,116	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diphosphorus%20trisulfide	Diphosphorus trisulfide (sometimes called phosphorus trisulfide) is a phosphorus sulfide with the formula of . The substance is highly unstable and difficult to study. In contrast, the formal dimer P4S6 is well-known. History Early reports that diphosphorous trisulfide could be formed by heating red phosphorus and s...	Diphosphorus trisulfide	[ "Chemistry" ]	508	[ "Inorganic phosphorus compounds", "Inorganic compounds" ]
36,045,138	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamber%20of%20Computer%20Engineers%20of%20Turkey	Chamber of Computer Engineers of Turkey (, abbreviated BMO) was founded on 2 June 2012. Formerly, the computer engineers in Turkey were the members of Chamber of Electrical Engineers of Turkey. But, on 9 March 2011 computer engineers decided to form their own chamber. The regulatory board announced that each year abo...	Chamber of Computer Engineers of Turkey	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	137	[ "Electrical engineering", "Computer engineering" ]
40,214,539	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroalkoxylation	Hydroalkoxylation is a chemical reaction that combines alcohols with alkenes or alkynes. The process affords ethers. The reaction converts alkenes to dialkyl or aryl-alkyl ethers: R'OH + RCH=CH2 → R'OCH(R)-CH3 Similarly, alkynes are converted to vinyl ethers: R'OH + RC≡CH → R'OC(R)=CH2 As shown, the reaction follows t...	Hydroalkoxylation	[ "Chemistry" ]	209	[ "Catalysis", "Homogeneous catalysis", "Chemical reaction stubs", "Chemical kinetics", "Chemical process stubs" ]
40,217,748	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alliance%20for%20Bangladesh%20Worker%20Safety	The Alliance for Bangladesh Worker Safety, also known as "the Alliance" or AFBWS, is a group of 28 major global retailers formed to develop and launch the Bangladesh Worker Safety Initiative, a binding, five-year undertaking with the intent of improving safety in Bangladeshi ready-made garment (RMG) factories after th...	Alliance for Bangladesh Worker Safety	[ "Engineering" ]	1,492	[ "Building engineering", "Fire protection" ]
30,864,060	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pom-pom	A pom-pom – also spelled pom-pon, pompom or pompon – is a decorative ball or tuft of fibrous material. The term may refer to large tufts used by cheerleaders, or a small, tighter ball attached to the top of a hat, also known as a bobble or toorie. Pom-poms may come in many colours, sizes, and varieties and are made f...	Pom-pom	[ "Technology" ]	766	[ "Components", "Parts of clothing" ]
30,864,235	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TEMPO	(2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl or (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxidanyl, commonly known as TEMPO, is a chemical compound with the formula (CH2)3(CMe2)2NO. This heterocyclic compound is a red-orange, sublimable solid. As a stable aminoxyl radical, it has applications in chemistry and biochemistry. TEMPO ...	TEMPO	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	1,037	[ "Free radicals", "Functional groups", "Senescence", "Amine oxides", "Biomolecules" ]
30,864,591	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Networked%20control%20system	A networked control system (NCS) is a control system wherein the control loops are closed through a communication network. The defining feature of an NCS is that control and feedback signals are exchanged among the system's components in the form of information packages through a network. Overview The functionality o...	Networked control system	[ "Mathematics", "Engineering" ]	1,036	[ "Applied mathematics", "Control theory", "Control engineering", "Dynamical systems" ]
30,865,207	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water%20quality%20modelling	Water quality modeling involves water quality based data using mathematical simulation techniques. Water quality modeling helps people understand the eminence of water quality issues and models provide evidence for policy makers to make decisions in order to properly mitigate water. Water quality modeling also helps de...	Water quality modelling	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering", "Biology", "Environmental_science" ]	861	[ "Chemical engineering", "Chemical oceanography", "Civil engineering", "Ecosystems", "nan", "Environmental engineering", "Aquatic ecology" ]
30,865,488	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complementarity%20%28molecular%20biology%29	In molecular biology, complementarity describes a relationship between two structures each following the lock-and-key principle. In nature complementarity is the base principle of DNA replication and transcription as it is a property shared between two DNA or RNA sequences, such that when they are aligned antiparallel ...	Complementarity (molecular biology)	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	2,517	[ "Biochemistry", "Molecular biology" ]
30,865,670	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolff%27s%20law	Wolff's law, developed by the German anatomist and surgeon Julius Wolff (1836–1902) in the 19th century, states that bone in a healthy animal will adapt to the loads under which it is placed. If loading on a particular bone increases, the bone will remodel itself over time to become stronger to resist that sort of loa...	Wolff's law	[ "Biology" ]	765	[ "Behavior", "Biological interactions", "Biological defense mechanisms", "Organ systems", "Musculoskeletal system" ]
30,865,852	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O-minimal%20theory	In mathematical logic, and more specifically in model theory, an infinite structure (M,<,...) that is totally ordered by < is called an o-minimal structure if and only if every definable subset X ⊆ M (with parameters taken from M) is a finite union of intervals and points. O-minimality can be regarded as a weak form o...	O-minimal theory	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	1,162	[ "Mathematical logic", "Topology", "Space", "Model theory", "Geometry", "Spacetime" ]
43,156,192	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helion%20Energy	Helion Energy, Inc. is an American fusion research company, located in Everett, Washington. They are developing a magneto-inertial fusion technology to produce helium-3 and fusion power via aneutronic fusion, which could produce low-cost clean electric energy using a fuel that can be derived exclusively from water. Hi...	Helion Energy	[ "Physics" ]	1,795	[ "Accelerator physics", "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Experimental physics" ]
43,156,657	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstitial%20site	In crystallography, interstitial sites, holes or voids are the empty space that exists between the packing of atoms (spheres) in the crystal structure. The holes are easy to see if you try to pack circles together; no matter how close you get them or how you arrange them, you will have empty space in between. The same...	Interstitial site	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	839	[ "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Materials science", "Crystallography", "Crystals", "Condensed matter physics", "nan" ]
43,161,284	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20common%20EMC%20test%20standards	The following list outlines a number of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) standards which are known at the time of writing to be either available or have been made available for public comment. These standards attempt to standardize product EMC performance, with respect to conducted or radiated radio interference fr...	List of common EMC test standards	[ "Engineering" ]	4,454	[ "Electrical engineering", "Electrical-engineering-related lists", "Electromagnetic compatibility", "Radio electronics" ]
43,162,897	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced%20Optical%20Materials	Advanced Optical Materials is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Wiley-VCH. It was established in 2013, after a section with the same name had been published since March 2012 in Advanced Materials. It covers all aspects of light-matter interactions. The founding editor-in-chief is Peter Gregory. A...	Advanced Optical Materials	[ "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	155	[ "Materials science journals", "Materials science" ]
43,163,561	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanaproget	Tanaproget (INN; developmental code names NSP-989, WAY-166989) is an investigational nonsteroidal progestin. It is a high affinity, high efficacy, and very selective agonist of the progesterone receptor (PR). Due to its much more selective binding profile relative to most conventional, steroidal progestins, tanaproget ...	Tanaproget	[ "Chemistry" ]	200	[ "Nitriles", "Functional groups" ]
23,286,244	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yttrium-90	Yttrium-90 () is a radioactive isotope of yttrium. Yttrium-90 has found a wide range of uses in radiation therapy to treat some forms of cancer. Along with other isotopes of yttrium, it is sometimes called radioyttrium. Decay undergoes beta particles emissions/decay (β− decay) to zirconium-90 with a half-life of 64.1...	Yttrium-90	[ "Chemistry" ]	850	[ "Chemicals in medicine", "Isotopes of yttrium", "Isotopes", "Medical isotopes" ]
23,287,982	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samarium-147	Samarium-147 (147Sm or Sm-147) is an isotope of samarium, making up 15% of natural samarium. It is an extremely long-lived radioisotope, with a half-life of years, although measurements have ranged from to years. It is mainly used in radiometric dating. Uses Samarium-147 is used in samarium–neodymium dating. The ...	Samarium-147	[ "Chemistry" ]	312	[ "Radionuclides used in radiometric dating", "Isotopes of samarium", "Isotopes" ]
23,288,439	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold-198	Gold-198 (198Au) is a radioactive isotope of gold. It undergoes beta decay to stable 198Hg with a half-life of 2.69464 days. The decay properties of 198Au have led to widespread interest in its potential use in radiotherapy for cancer treatments. This isotope has also found use in nuclear weapons research and as a rad...	Gold-198	[ "Chemistry" ]	483	[ "Isotopes of gold", "Medical isotopes", "Isotopes", "Chemicals in medicine" ]
23,289,685	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moo%20box	The moo box or moo can is a toy or a souvenir, also used as a hearing test. When turned upside down, it produces a noise that resembles the mooing of a cow. The toy can be configured to create other animal sounds such as the meow of a cat, the chirp of a bird, or the bleat of a sheep. Construction The moo box consists...	Moo box	[ "Physics", "Technology" ]	712	[ "Physical systems", "Machines", "Mechanical toys" ]
23,290,197	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSS	Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet language used for specifying the presentation and styling of a document written in a markup language such as HTML or XML (including XML dialects such as SVG, MathML or XHTML). CSS is a cornerstone technology of the World Wide Web, alongside HTML and JavaScript. CSS is desi...	CSS	[ "Engineering" ]	8,243	[ "Design", "Web design" ]
23,290,471	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group%2011%20element	\|- ! colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" \| ↓ Period \|- ! 4 \| \|- ! 5 \| \|- ! 6 \| \|- ! 7 \| \|- \| colspan="2"\| Legend \|} Group 11, by modern IUPAC numbering, is a group of chemical elements in the periodic table, consisting of copper (Cu), silver (Ag), gold (Au), and roentgenium (Rg), although no chemical experiments ...	Group 11 element	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,618	[ "Periodic table", "Groups (periodic table)" ]
23,290,990	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recursive%20language	In mathematics, logic and computer science, a formal language (a set of finite sequences of symbols taken from a fixed alphabet) is called recursive if it is a recursive subset of the set of all possible finite sequences over the alphabet of the language. Equivalently, a formal language is recursive if there exists a T...	Recursive language	[ "Mathematics" ]	844	[ "Computability theory", "Formal languages", "Mathematical logic", "Recursion" ]

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