id int64 39 79M | url stringlengths 32 168 | text stringlengths 7 145k | source stringlengths 2 105 | categories listlengths 1 6 | token_count int64 3 32.2k | subcategories listlengths 0 27 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
35,489,100 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational%20soliton | A gravitational soliton is a soliton solution of the Einstein field equation. It can be separated into two kinds, a soliton of the vacuum Einstein field equation generated by the Belinski–Zakharov transform, and a soliton of the Einstein–Maxwell equations generated by the Belinski-Zakharov-Alekseev transform.
Referenc... | Gravitational soliton | [
"Physics"
] | 78 | [
"General relativity",
"Relativity stubs",
"Theory of relativity"
] |
35,489,153 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einstein%E2%80%93Rosen%20metric | In general relativity, the Einstein–Rosen metric is an exact solution to the Einstein field equations derived in 1937 by Albert Einstein and Nathan Rosen. It is the first exact solution to describe the propagation of a gravitational wave.
This metric can be written in a form such that the Belinski–Zakharov transform a... | Einstein–Rosen metric | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 180 | [
"Equations of physics",
"Mathematical objects",
"Equations",
"General relativity",
"Relativity stubs",
"Theory of relativity"
] |
45,326,973 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO%207027 | ISO 7027:1999 is an ISO standard for water quality that enables the determination of turbidity. The ISO 7027 technique is used to determine the concentration of suspended particles in a sample of water by measuring the incident light scattered at right angles from the sample. The scattered light is captured by a photod... | ISO 7027 | [
"Chemistry",
"Environmental_science"
] | 89 | [
"Water quality indicators",
"Water pollution"
] |
45,327,132 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circulating%20water%20plant | A circulating water plant or circulating water system is an arrangement of flow of water in fossil-fuel power station, chemical plants and in oil refineries. The system is required because various industrial process plants uses heat exchanger, and also for active fire protection measures. In chemical plants, for exampl... | Circulating water plant | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 766 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Oil refineries",
"Petroleum",
"Oil refining",
"Mechanical engineering"
] |
45,328,806 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy%20X%20%28galaxy%29 | Galaxy X is a postulated dark satellite dwarf galaxy of the Milky Way Galaxy. If it exists, it would be composed mostly of dark matter and interstellar gas with few stars. Its proposed location is some from the Sun, behind the disk of the Milky Way, and some in extent. Galactic coordinates would be (l=
-27.4°,b=-1.08... | Galaxy X (galaxy) | [
"Physics"
] | 412 | [
"Dark matter",
"Astronomical hypotheses",
"Unsolved problems in physics",
"Astronomical myths",
"Dark galaxies",
"Hypothetical astronomical objects",
"Astronomical objects"
] |
45,329,460 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitationshed | In meteorology, a precipitationshed is the upwind ocean and land surface that contributes evaporation to a given, downwind location's precipitation. The concept has been described as an "atmospheric watershed". The concept itself rests on a broad foundation of scholarly work examining the evaporative sources of rainfal... | Precipitationshed | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 231 | [
"Hydrology",
"Drainage basins",
"Environmental engineering"
] |
45,330,103 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captive%20bubble%20method | The captive bubble method is a method for measuring the contact angle between a liquid and a solid, by using drop shape analysis. In this method, a bubble of air is injected beneath a solid, the surface of which is located in the liquid, instead of placing a drop on the solid as in the case of the sessile drop techniqu... | Captive bubble method | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 1,736 | [
"Instrumental analysis",
"Foams",
"Bubbles (physics)",
"Surface science",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
45,334,947 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton%E2%80%93Okounkov%20body | In algebraic geometry, a Newton–Okounkov body, also called an Okounkov body, is a convex body in Euclidean space associated to a divisor (or more generally a linear system) on a variety. The convex geometry of a Newton–Okounkov body encodes (asymptotic) information about the geometry of the variety and the divisor. It ... | Newton–Okounkov body | [
"Mathematics"
] | 327 | [
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Algebraic geometry"
] |
45,336,978 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian%20School%20of%20Petroleum%20and%20Energy%20Resources | The Australian School of Petroleum and Energy Resources (ASPER) is a centre for education, training and research in petroleum and energy resources engineering, geoscience and management at the University of Adelaide in South Australia. ASPER is housed in the purpose-built Santos Petroleum Engineering Building on the Un... | Australian School of Petroleum and Energy Resources | [
"Engineering"
] | 681 | [
"Petroleum engineering",
"Petroleum engineering schools",
"Engineering universities and colleges"
] |
28,393,571 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison%20of%20dosimeters | The following table compares features of dosimeters.
References
Literature
Dosimeters
Ionising radiation detectors | Comparison of dosimeters | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 19 | [
"Radioactive contamination",
"Measuring instruments",
"Ionising radiation detectors",
"nan",
"Dosimeters"
] |
28,398,027 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W3af | w3af (Web Application Attack and Audit Framework) is an open-source web application security scanner. The project provides a vulnerability scanner and exploitation tool for Web applications. It provides information about security vulnerabilities for use in penetration testing engagements. The scanner offers a graphical... | W3af | [
"Engineering"
] | 356 | [
"Cybersecurity engineering",
"Computer security software"
] |
28,401,151 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIM%20Profile | In electric power transmission, a CIM Profile is a subset model of the CIM UML model. These profiles are designated as parts documents in the IEC 61970 standard by working group 14. Each profile is itself a self-contained model which can be used for generating specific artifacts, such as CIM RDF or XML Schema.
Profile... | CIM Profile | [
"Physics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 233 | [
"Physical quantities",
"Computer standards",
"IEC standards",
"Power (physics)",
"Electric power",
"Electrical engineering"
] |
28,403,240 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering%20Equation%20Solver | Engineering Equation Solver (EES) is a commercial software package used for solution of systems of simultaneous non-linear equations. It provides many useful specialized functions and equations for the solution of thermodynamics and heat transfer problems, making it a useful and widely used program for mechanical engin... | Engineering Equation Solver | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 443 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Mechanical engineering"
] |
37,862,957 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softplus | In mathematics and machine learning, the softplus function is
It is a smooth approximation (in fact, an analytic function) to the ramp function, which is known as the rectifier or ReLU (rectified linear unit) in machine learning. For large negative it is , so just above 0, while for large positive it is , so just... | Softplus | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 444 | [
"Functions and mappings",
"Mathematical analysis",
"Physical quantities",
"Mathematical objects",
"Entropy and information",
"E (mathematical constant)",
"Entropy",
"Mathematical relations",
"Exponentials",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
37,869,238 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C24H18O12 | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C24H18O12}}
The molecular formula C24H18O12 (molar mass: 498.39 g/mol, exact mass: 498.07982598 u) may refer to :
Tetrafucol A, a fucol-type phlorotannin
Tetraphlorethol C, a phlorethol-type phlorotannin
Molecular formulas | C24H18O12 | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 95 | [
"Molecules",
"Set index articles on molecular formulas",
"Isomerism",
"Molecular formulas",
"Matter"
] |
37,869,513 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transition%20metal%20benzyne%20complex | Transition metal benzyne complexes are organometallic complexes that contain benzyne ligands (C6H4). Unlike benzyne itself, these complexes are less reactive although they undergo a number of insertion reactions.
Examples
The studies of metal-benzyne complexes were initiated with the preparation of zirconocene comple... | Transition metal benzyne complex | [
"Chemistry"
] | 417 | [
"Organometallic chemistry",
"Coordination chemistry"
] |
26,587,782 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotophor | A scotophor is a material showing reversible darkening and bleaching when subjected to certain types of radiation. The name means dark bearer, in contrast to phosphor, which means light bearer. Scotophors show tenebrescence (reversible photochromism) and darken when subjected to an intense radiation such as sunlight. M... | Scotophor | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 971 | [
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Chromism",
"Materials science",
"Materials",
"Optical materials",
"Electronic engineering",
"Display technology",
"Smart materials",
"Spectroscopy",
"Matter"
] |
26,592,028 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSF%20Lab | PSF Lab is a software program that allows the calculation of the illumination point spread function (PSF) of a confocal microscope under various imaging conditions. The calculation of the electric field vectors is based on a rigorous, vectorial model that takes polarization effects in the near-focus region and high num... | PSF Lab | [
"Physics"
] | 538 | [
"Physics software",
"Computational physics"
] |
26,592,482 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ViBe | ViBe is a background subtraction algorithm which has been presented at the IEEE ICASSP 2009 conference and was refined in later publications. More precisely, it is a software module for extracting background information from moving images. It has been developed by Oliver Barnich and Marc Van Droogenbroeck of the Monte... | ViBe | [
"Engineering"
] | 657 | [
"Artificial intelligence engineering",
"Packaging machinery",
"Computer vision"
] |
26,592,825 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De%20Groot%20dual | In mathematics, in particular in topology, the de Groot dual (after Johannes de Groot) of a topology τ on a set X is the topology τ* whose closed sets are generated by compact saturated subsets of (X, τ).
References
R. Kopperman (1995), Asymmetry and duality in topology. Topology Applications, 66(1), 1–39, 1995.
To... | De Groot dual | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 86 | [
"Topology stubs",
"Topology",
"Space",
"Geometry",
"Spacetime"
] |
26,594,247 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal%20pressure | Internal pressure is a measure of how the internal energy of a system changes when it expands or contracts at constant temperature. It has the same dimensions as pressure, the SI unit of which is the pascal.
Internal pressure is usually given the symbol . It is defined as a partial derivative of internal energy with ... | Internal pressure | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 911 | [
"Scalar physical quantities",
"Thermodynamic properties",
"Mechanical quantities",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Pressure",
"Thermodynamics",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities"
] |
26,597,356 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roof%20tiles | Roof tiles are overlapping tiles designed mainly to keep out precipitation such as rain or snow, and are traditionally made from locally available materials such as clay or slate. Later tiles have been made from materials such as concrete, glass, and plastic.
Roof tiles can be affixed by screws or nails, but in some c... | Roof tiles | [
"Physics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 5,457 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Building engineering",
"Architecture",
"Structural system",
"Construction",
"Materials",
"Roofs",
"Matter",
"Building materials"
] |
26,599,382 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priestley%20space | In mathematics, a Priestley space is an ordered topological space with special properties. Priestley spaces are named after Hilary Priestley who introduced and investigated them. Priestley spaces play a fundamental role in the study of distributive lattices. In particular, there is a duality ("Priestley duality") betwe... | Priestley space | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 943 | [
"Mathematical structures",
"Space (mathematics)",
"Topological spaces",
"Topology",
"Space",
"Geometry",
"Spacetime"
] |
26,599,926 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duality%20theory%20for%20distributive%20lattices | In mathematics, duality theory for distributive lattices provides three different (but closely related) representations of bounded distributive lattices via Priestley spaces, spectral spaces, and pairwise Stone spaces. This duality, which is originally also due to Marshall H. Stone, generalizes the well-known Stone du... | Duality theory for distributive lattices | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 831 | [
"Functions and mappings",
"Mathematical structures",
"Lattice theory",
"Mathematical objects",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Topology",
"Space",
"Category theory",
"Mathematical relations",
"Geometry",
"Duality theories",
"Spacetime",
"Order theory"
] |
26,600,432 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esakia%20duality | In mathematics, Esakia duality is the dual equivalence between the category of Heyting algebras and the category of Esakia spaces. Esakia duality provides an order-topological representation of Heyting algebras via Esakia spaces.
Let Esa denote the category of Esakia spaces and Esakia morphisms.
Let be a Heyting alg... | Esakia duality | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 290 | [
"Mathematical structures",
"Lattice theory",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Topology",
"Space",
"Duality theories",
"Geometry",
"Category theory",
"Spacetime",
"Order theory"
] |
39,308,546 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lilotomab | Lilotomab (formerly tetulomab, HH1) is a murine monoclonal antibody against CD37, a glycoprotein which is expressed on the surface of mature human B cells. It was generated at the Norwegian Radium Hospital.
As of 2016 it was under development by the Norwegian company Nordic Nanovector ASA as a radioimmunotherapeutic ... | Lilotomab | [
"Chemistry"
] | 206 | [
"Chemicals in medicine",
"Radiopharmaceuticals",
"Medicinal radiochemistry"
] |
39,310,035 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependence%20receptor | In cellular biology, dependence receptors are proteins that mediate programmed cell death by monitoring the absence of certain trophic factors (or, equivalently, the presence of anti-trophic factors) that otherwise serve as ligands (interactors) for the dependence receptors.
A trophic ligand is a molecule whose protein... | Dependence receptor | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,300 | [
"Signal transduction",
"Senescence",
"Receptors",
"Molecular neuroscience",
"Apoptosis",
"Molecular biology",
"Programmed cell death"
] |
39,313,159 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanofluids%20in%20solar%20collectors | Nanofluid-based direct solar collectors are solar thermal collectors where nanoparticles in a liquid medium can scatter and absorb solar radiation. They have recently received interest to efficiently distribute solar energy. Nanofluid-based solar collector have the potential to harness solar radiant energy more effici... | Nanofluids in solar collectors | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,091 | [
"Transport phenomena",
"Physical phenomena",
"Heat transfer",
"Civil engineering",
"Thermodynamics",
"Nanoelectronics",
"Nanotechnology",
"Fluid mechanics"
] |
39,314,537 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomimetic%20architecture | Biomimetic architecture is a branch of the new science of biomimicry defined and popularized by Janine Benyus in her 1997 book (Biomimicry: Innovation Inspired by Nature). Biomimicry (bios - life and mimesis - imitate) refers to innovations inspired by nature as one which studies nature and then imitates or takes inspi... | Biomimetic architecture | [
"Engineering"
] | 3,772 | [
"Architectural theory",
"Architecture"
] |
39,316,365 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceiling%20effect%20%28pharmacology%29 | In pharmacology, the term ceiling effect refers to the property of increasing doses of a given medication to have progressively smaller incremental effect (an example of diminishing returns). Mixed agonist-antagonist opioids, such as nalbuphine, serve as a classic example of the ceiling effect; increasing the dose of ... | Ceiling effect (pharmacology) | [
"Chemistry"
] | 329 | [
"Pharmacology",
"Pharmacodynamics"
] |
40,623,157 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrostatic%20discharge%20materials | Electrostatic discharge materials (ESD materials) are plastics that reduce static electricity to protect against damage to electrostatic-sensitive devices (ESD) or to prevent the accidental ignition of flammable liquids or gases.
Materials
ESD materials are generally subdivided into categories with related properties:... | Electrostatic discharge materials | [
"Engineering"
] | 532 | [
"Electronic engineering",
"Digital electronics"
] |
40,625,088 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage%20sag | A voltage sag (U.S. English) or voltage dip (British English) is a short-duration reduction in the voltage of an electric power distribution system. It can be caused by high current demand such as inrush current (starting of electric motors, transformers, heaters, power supplies) or fault current (overload or short cir... | Voltage sag | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 674 | [
"Physical quantities",
"Energy engineering",
"Electrical engineering",
"Power engineering",
"Voltage",
"Voltage stability"
] |
40,627,582 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coplanar%20waveguide | Coplanar waveguide is a type of electrical planar transmission line which can be fabricated using printed circuit board technology, and is used to convey microwave-frequency signals. On a smaller scale, coplanar waveguide transmission lines are also built into monolithic microwave integrated circuits.
Conventional co... | Coplanar waveguide | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,063 | [
"Electronic engineering",
"Distributed element circuits"
] |
40,628,760 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scissors%20Modes | Scissors Modes are collective excitations in which two particle systems move with respect to each other conserving their shape.
For the first time they were predicted to occur in deformed atomic nuclei by N. LoIudice and F. Palumbo, who used a semiclassical Two Rotor Model, whose solution required a realization of th... | Scissors Modes | [
"Physics"
] | 297 | [
"Theoretical physics",
"Quantum mechanics"
] |
48,326,079 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water%20vapor%20windows | Water vapor windows are wavelengths of infrared light that have little absorption by water vapor in Earth's atmosphere. Because of this weak absorption, these wavelengths are allowed to reach the Earth's surface barring effects from other atmospheric components. This process is highly impacted by greenhouse gases becau... | Water vapor windows | [
"Physics"
] | 735 | [
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Electromagnetic spectrum"
] |
48,336,080 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily%20A.%20Carter | Emily A. Carter is the Gerhard R. Andlinger Professor in Energy and the Environment and a professor of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering (MAE), the Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment (ACEE), and Applied and Computational Mathematics at Princeton University. She is also a member of the executive manageme... | Emily A. Carter | [
"Chemistry"
] | 2,827 | [
"Theoretical chemists",
"American theoretical chemists"
] |
48,343,282 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cas12a | Cas12a (CRISPR-associated protein 12a, previously known as Cpf1) is an RNA-guided endonuclease that forms an essential component of the CRISPR systems found in some bacteria and archaea. In its natural context, Cas12a targets and destroys the genetic material of viruses and other foreign mobile genetic elements, thereb... | Cas12a | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 1,729 | [
"Genetics techniques",
"Biological engineering",
"Genome editing",
"Genetic engineering",
"Molecular biology"
] |
49,581,858 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralaniten%20acetate | Ralaniten acetate (developmental code name EPI-506) is a first-in-class antiandrogen that targets the N-terminal domain (NTD) of the androgen receptor (AR) developed by ESSA Pharmaceuticals and was under investigation for the treatment of prostate cancer. This mechanism of action is believed to allow the drug to block ... | Ralaniten acetate | [
"Chemistry"
] | 299 | [
"Alkylating agents",
"Drug safety",
"Prodrugs",
"Reagents for organic chemistry",
"Chemicals in medicine",
"Abandoned drugs"
] |
49,584,144 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amur%20and%20Timur | Amur and Timur () are respectively a tiger and a goat who established an unlikely interspecies friendship in a safari park in Primorye in the Far East of Russia. Timur was placed in Amur's enclosure as food but, by his confident behaviour, established a rapport with Amur, who did not eat him. The pair were separated af... | Amur and Timur | [
"Biology"
] | 133 | [
"Ethology stubs",
"Ethology",
"Behavior"
] |
25,171,429 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflow%20%28meteorology%29 | Inflow is the flow of a fluid into a large collection of that fluid. Within meteorology, inflow normally refers to the influx of warmth and moisture from air within the Earth's atmosphere into storm systems. Extratropical cyclones are fed by inflow focused along their cold front and warm fronts. Tropical cyclones requi... | Inflow (meteorology) | [
"Physics"
] | 945 | [
"Meteorological phenomena",
"Physical phenomena",
"Earth phenomena"
] |
25,174,711 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetically%20modified%20insect | A genetically modified (GM) insect is an insect that has been genetically modified, either through mutagenesis, or more precise processes of transgenesis, or cisgenesis. Motivations for using GM insects include biological research purposes and genetic pest management. Genetic pest management capitalizes on recent advan... | Genetically modified insect | [
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 1,634 | [
"Genetic engineering",
"Genetically modified organisms"
] |
25,175,105 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetically%20modified%20bacteria | Genetically modified bacteria were the first organisms to be modified in the laboratory, due to their simple genetics. These organisms are now used for several purposes, and are particularly important in producing large amounts of pure human proteins for use in medicine.
History
The first example of this occurred i... | Genetically modified bacteria | [
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 1,864 | [
"Genetically modified organisms",
"Prokaryotes",
"Genetic engineering",
"Bacteria",
"Microorganisms"
] |
25,175,288 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetically%20modified%20fish | Genetically modified fish (GM fish) are organisms from the taxonomic clade which includes the classes Agnatha (jawless fish), Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fish) and Osteichthyes (bony fish) whose genetic material (DNA) has been altered using genetic engineering techniques. In most cases, the aim is to introduce a new... | Genetically modified fish | [
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 3,725 | [
"Genetic engineering",
"Genetically modified organisms"
] |
25,176,083 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dicarbonate | A dicarbonate, also known as a pyrocarbonate, is a chemical containing the divalent or functional group, which consists of two carbonate groups sharing an oxygen atom. It is one of polycarbonate functional groups. These compounds can be viewed as derivatives of the hypothetical compound dicarbonic acid, or . Three i... | Dicarbonate | [
"Chemistry"
] | 546 | [
"Functional groups"
] |
25,177,102 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C20H18O10 | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C20H18O10}}
The molecular formula C20H18O10 (molar mass: 418.35 g/mol, exact mass: 418.0899968) may refer to:
5,3'-Dihydroxy-3,8,4',5'-tetramethoxy-6,7-methylenedioxyflavone (CAS number: 82668-96-0)
6-C-beta-D-Xylopyranosylluteolin (CAS number 70059-13-1)
8-C-alpha-L-Arabinosylluteolin (CAS number 115... | C20H18O10 | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 427 | [
"Molecules",
"Set index articles on molecular formulas",
"Isomerism",
"Molecular formulas",
"Matter"
] |
50,697,899 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentomone | Pentomone (, ; development codes Lilly 113935 and LY-113935) is a nonsteroidal antiandrogen (NSAA) described as a "prostate growth inhibitor" which was never marketed. It was synthesized and assayed in 1978.
Synthesis
Condensation of two equivalents of o-vanillin with 4,4-dimethylcyclohexadienone (2) gives the five-r... | Pentomone | [
"Chemistry"
] | 218 | [
"Ketones",
"Organic compounds",
"Functional groups",
"Ethers"
] |
50,700,194 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear%20recurrence%20with%20constant%20coefficients | In mathematics (including combinatorics, linear algebra, and dynamical systems), a linear recurrence with constant coefficients (also known as a linear recurrence relation or linear difference equation) sets equal to 0 a polynomial that is linear in the various iterates of a variable—that is, in the values of the eleme... | Linear recurrence with constant coefficients | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 2,901 | [
"Discrete mathematics",
"Recurrence relations",
"Combinatorics",
"Mathematical relations",
"Mechanics",
"Linear algebra",
"Algebra",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
50,702,025 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Material%20passport | A material passport is a digital document listing all the materials that are included in a product or construction during its life cycle in order to facilitate strategizing circularity decisions in supply chain management. Passports generally consists of a set of data describing defined characteristics of materials in ... | Material passport | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,887 | [
"Construction",
"Materials",
"Material handling",
"Matter"
] |
42,046,875 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nilpotent%20algebra | In mathematics, specifically in ring theory, a nilpotent algebra over a commutative ring is an algebra over a commutative ring, in which for some positive integer n every product containing at least n elements of the algebra is zero. The concept of a nilpotent Lie algebra has a different definition, which depends upon ... | Nilpotent algebra | [
"Mathematics"
] | 349 | [
"Mathematical structures",
"Algebras",
"Ring theory",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Algebraic structures"
] |
52,153,973 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peridinin-chlorophyll-protein%20complex | The peridinin-chlorophyll-protein complex (PCP or PerCP) is a soluble molecular complex consisting of the peridinin-chlorophyll a-protein bound to peridinin, chlorophyll, and lipids. The peridinin molecules absorb light in the blue-green wavelengths (470 to 550 nm) and transfer energy to the chlorophyll molecules with ... | Peridinin-chlorophyll-protein complex | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 726 | [
"Biochemistry",
"Photosynthesis"
] |
52,156,116 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H3K27me3 | H3K27me3 is an epigenetic modification to the DNA packaging protein histone H3. It is a mark that indicates the tri-methylation of lysine 27 on histone H3 protein.
This tri-methylation is associated with the downregulation of nearby genes via the formation of heterochromatic regions.
Nomenclature
H3K27me3 indicates t... | H3K27me3 | [
"Chemistry"
] | 2,110 | [
"Post-translational modification",
"Gene expression",
"Biochemical reactions"
] |
52,160,778 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal%20contact%20stiffness | Normal contact stiffness is a physical quantity related to the generalized force displacement behavior of rough surfaces in contact with a rigid body or a second similar rough surface. Specifically it is the amount of force per unit displacement required to compress an elastic object in the contact region. Rough surfa... | Normal contact stiffness | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 198 | [
"Mechanical phenomena",
"Tribology",
"Physical phenomena",
"Force",
"Friction",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Classical mechanics stubs",
"Mass",
"Classical mechanics",
"Surface science",
"Materials science",
"Mechanics",
"Mechanical engineering",
"Wikipedia categories named after ... |
52,163,569 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molybdenum%20carbide | Molybdenum carbide is an extremely hard, refractory, ceramic material, commercially used in tool bits for cutting tools.
There are at least three reported phases of molybdenum carbide: γ-MoC, β-Mo2C, and γ'. The γ phase is structurally identical to tungsten carbide.
β-Mo2C has been suggested as a catalyst for carbon... | Molybdenum carbide | [
"Physics"
] | 134 | [
"Refractory materials",
"Materials",
"Superhard materials",
"Matter"
] |
52,164,477 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AlGa | AlGa (Aluminum-Gallium) is a that results from liquid gallium infiltrating the crystal structure of aluminium metal. The resulting alloy is very weak and brittle, being broken under the most minute pressure. The alloy is also chemically weaker, as the gallium inhibits the aluminum from forming a protective oxide layer... | AlGa | [
"Chemistry"
] | 347 | [
"Aluminium alloys",
"Alloys",
"Alloy stubs",
"Gallium alloys"
] |
52,166,375 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant-induced%20systemic%20resistance | Induced systemic resistance (ISR) is a resistance mechanism in plants that is activated by infection. Its mode of action does not depend on direct killing or inhibition of the invading pathogen, but rather on increasing physical or chemical barrier of the host plant. Like the Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR) a plant ... | Plant-induced systemic resistance | [
"Biology"
] | 905 | [
"Plant physiology",
"Organ systems",
"Immune system",
"Plants"
] |
52,167,339 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal%20chord%20theorem | In mathematical analysis, the universal chord theorem states that if a function f is continuous on [a,b] and satisfies , then for every natural number , there exists some such that .
History
The theorem was published by Paul Lévy in 1934 as a generalization of Rolle's Theorem.
Statement of the theorem
Let denote th... | Universal chord theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 302 | [
"Mathematical analysis",
"Theorems in mathematical analysis",
"Mathematical theorems",
"Mathematical problems"
] |
52,167,519 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecom%20Infra%20Project | The Telecom Infra Project (TIP) was formed in 2016 as an engineering-focused, collaborative methodology for building and deploying global telecom network infrastructure, with the goal of enabling global access for all.
TIP is jointly steered by its group of founding tech and telecom companies, which forms its board of... | Telecom Infra Project | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 725 | [
"Optical communications",
"Telecommunications engineering",
"nan"
] |
33,820,413 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20plasma%20physics%20articles | This is a list of plasma physics topics.
A
Ablation
Abradable coating
Abraham–Lorentz force
Absorption band
Accretion disk
Active galactic nucleus
Adiabatic invariant
ADITYA (tokamak)
Aeronomy
Afterglow plasma
Airglow
Air plasma, Corona treatment, Atmospheric-pressure plasma treatment
Ayaks, Novel "Magne... | List of plasma physics articles | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 3,595 | [
"Plasma physics",
"Plasma (physics)",
"Phases of matter",
"Astrophysics",
"Matter"
] |
33,820,444 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monatomic%20gas | In physics and chemistry, "monatomic" is a combination of the words "mono" and "atomic", and means "single atom". It is usually applied to gases: a monatomic gas is a gas in which atoms are not bound to each other. Examples at standard conditions of temperature and pressure include all the noble gases (helium, neon, ar... | Monatomic gas | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 467 | [
"Statistical mechanics",
"Gases",
"Phases of matter",
"Matter"
] |
33,826,377 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murnaghan%20equation%20of%20state | The Murnaghan equation of state is a relationship between the volume of a body and the pressure to which it is subjected. This is one of many state equations that have been used in earth sciences and shock physics to model the behavior of matter under conditions of high pressure. It owes its name to Francis D. Murnagha... | Murnaghan equation of state | [
"Physics"
] | 2,180 | [
"Equations of physics",
"Continuum mechanics",
"Classical mechanics",
"Statistical mechanics",
"Equations of state"
] |
31,215,918 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annular%20fin | In thermal engineering, an annular fin is a specific type of fin used in heat transfer that varies, radially, in cross-sectional area. Adding an annular fin to an object increases the amount of surface area in contact with the surrounding fluid, which increases the convective heat transfer between the object and surrou... | Annular fin | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 380 | [
"Transport phenomena",
"Physical phenomena",
"Heat transfer",
"Thermodynamics"
] |
31,215,952 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotational%20partition%20function | In chemistry, the rotational partition function relates the rotational degrees of freedom to the rotational part of the energy.
Definition
The total canonical partition function of a system of identical, indistinguishable, noninteracting atoms or molecules can be divided into the atomic or molecular partition func... | Rotational partition function | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,279 | [
"Equations of physics",
"Mathematical objects",
"Equations",
"Partition functions",
"Statistical mechanics"
] |
31,216,882 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin%20signal%20transduction%20pathway | The insulin transduction pathway is a biochemical pathway by which insulin increases the uptake of glucose into fat and muscle cells and reduces the synthesis of glucose in the liver and hence is involved in maintaining glucose homeostasis. This pathway is also influenced by fed versus fasting states, stress levels, an... | Insulin signal transduction pathway | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 3,691 | [
"Biochemistry",
"Molecular biology"
] |
31,224,085 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentakis%20snub%20dodecahedron | The pentakis snub dodecahedron is a convex polyhedron with 140 triangular faces, 210 edges, and 72 vertices. It has chiral icosahedral symmetry.
Construction
It comes from a topological construction from the snub dodecahedron with the kis operator applied to the pentagonal faces. In this construction, all the faces ar... | Pentakis snub dodecahedron | [
"Physics"
] | 248 | [
"Tessellation",
"Snub tilings",
"Symmetry"
] |
36,420,451 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reversible-deactivation%20radical%20polymerization | In polymer chemistry, reversible-deactivation radical polymerizations (RDRPs) are members of the class of reversible-deactivation polymerizations which exhibit much of the character of living polymerizations, but cannot be categorized as such as they are not without chain transfer or chain termination reactions.
Sever... | Reversible-deactivation radical polymerization | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 3,429 | [
"Free radical reactions",
"Materials science",
"Organic reactions",
"Polymer chemistry",
"Polymerization reactions"
] |
36,423,257 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerographite | Aerographite is a synthetic foam consisting of a porous interconnected network of tubular carbon. With a density of 180 g/m3 it is one of the lightest structural materials ever created. It was developed jointly by a team of researchers at the University of Kiel and the Technical University of Hamburg in Germany, and wa... | Aerographite | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 1,189 | [
"Foams",
"Chemical vapor deposition",
"Aerogels",
"Nanomaterials",
"Nanotechnology"
] |
28,412,014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voronoi%20pole | In computational geometry, the positive and negative Voronoi poles of a cell in a Voronoi diagram are certain vertices of the diagram, chosen in pairs in each cell of the diagram to be far from the site generating that pair. They have applications in surface reconstruction.
Definition
Let be the Voronoi diagram for ... | Voronoi pole | [
"Mathematics"
] | 297 | [
"Computational geometry",
"Computational mathematics"
] |
28,412,183 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projector | A projector or image projector is an optical device that projects an image (or moving images) onto a surface, commonly a projection screen. Most projectors create an image by shining a light through a small transparent lens, but some newer types of projectors can project the image directly, by using lasers. A virtual r... | Projector | [
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 3,917 | [
"Glass engineering and science",
"Electronic engineering",
"Optical devices",
"Display technology"
] |
28,413,819 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poly%28p-phenylene%20oxide%29 | Poly(p-phenylene oxide) (PPO), poly(p-phenylene ether) (PPE), poly(oxy-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene), often referred to simply as polyphenylene oxide, is a high-temperature thermoplastic with the general formula (C8H8O)n. It is rarely used in its pure form due to difficulties in processing. It is mainly used as blend wit... | Poly(p-phenylene oxide) | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 702 | [
"Organic polymers",
"Molecular physics",
"Semiconductor materials",
"Molecular electronics",
"Organic compounds",
"Nanotechnology",
"Organic semiconductors"
] |
28,414,797 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell%20Transmission%20Model | Cell Transmission Model (CTM) is a popular numerical method proposed by Carlos Daganzo to solve the kinematic wave equation. Lebacque later showed that CTM is the first order discrete Godunov approximation.
Background
CTM predicts macroscopic traffic behavior on a given corridor by evaluating the flow and density at f... | Cell Transmission Model | [
"Physics",
"Technology"
] | 1,115 | [
"Machines",
"Kinematics",
"Physical phenomena",
"Classical mechanics",
"Physical systems",
"Motion (physics)",
"Mechanics"
] |
28,418,653 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural%20acoustics | Structural acoustics is the study of the mechanical waves in structures and how they interact with and radiate into adjacent media. The field of structural acoustics is often referred to as vibroacoustics in Europe and Asia. People that work in the field of structural acoustics are known as structural acousticians. ... | Structural acoustics | [
"Physics"
] | 581 | [
"Classical mechanics",
"Acoustics"
] |
28,419,201 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaft%20%28civil%20engineering%29 | In civil engineering a shaft is an underground vertical or inclined passageway. Shafts are often entered through a manhole and closed by a manhole cover. They are constructed for a number of reasons including:
For the construction of a tunnel
For ventilation of a tunnel or underground structure, aka ventilation shaf... | Shaft (civil engineering) | [
"Engineering"
] | 331 | [
"Construction",
"Civil engineering"
] |
43,512,319 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein%20M | Protein M (locus MG281) is an immunoglobulin-binding protein originally found on the cell surface of the human pathogenic bacterium Mycoplasma genitalium. It is presumably a universal antibody-binding protein, as it is known to be reactive against all antibody types tested so far. It is capable of preventing the antige... | Protein M | [
"Biology"
] | 765 | [
"Immune system",
"Organ systems"
] |
43,514,200 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B6ntgen%20Memorial%20Site | The Röntgen Memorial Site in Würzburg, Germany, is dedicated to the work of the German physicist Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (1845–1923) and his discovery of X-rays, for which he was granted the first Nobel Prize in physics, in 1901. It contains an exhibition of historical instruments, machines and documents.
Location
Th... | Röntgen Memorial Site | [
"Physics"
] | 504 | [
"X-rays",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Electromagnetic spectrum",
"Experimental physics",
"Particle physics",
"Experimental particle physics"
] |
29,925,696 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunitz%20domain | Kunitz domains are the active domains of proteins that inhibit the function of protein degrading enzymes or, more specifically, domains of Kunitz-type are protease inhibitors. They are relatively small with a length of about 50 to 60 amino acids and a molecular weight of 6 kDa. Examples of Kunitz-type protease inhibito... | Kunitz domain | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 796 | [
"Antibody mimetics",
"Protein domains",
"Protein classification",
"Molecular biology"
] |
29,930,122 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinnick%20oxidation | The Pinnick oxidation is an organic reaction by which aldehydes can be oxidized into their corresponding carboxylic acids using sodium chlorite (NaClO2) under mild acidic conditions. It was originally developed by Lindgren and Nilsson. The typical reaction conditions used today were developed by G. A. Kraus. H.W. Pinni... | Pinnick oxidation | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,228 | [
"Name reactions",
"Organic oxidation reactions",
"Organic redox reactions",
"Organic reactions"
] |
29,946,093 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C17H16O9 | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C17H16O9}}
The molecular formula C17H16O9 (molar mass: 364.30 g/mol, exact mass: 364.0794 u) may refer to:
Quercitannic acid
Bergaptol-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside
Molecular formulas | C17H16O9 | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 78 | [
"Molecules",
"Set index articles on molecular formulas",
"Isomerism",
"Molecular formulas",
"Matter"
] |
29,946,595 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorophyll%20fluorescence | Chlorophyll fluorescence is light re-emitted by chlorophyll molecules during return from excited to non-excited states. It is used as an indicator of photosynthetic energy conversion in plants, algae and bacteria. Excited chlorophyll dissipates the absorbed light energy by driving photosynthesis (photochemical energy c... | Chlorophyll fluorescence | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 3,333 | [
"Biochemistry",
"Light reactions",
"Photosynthesis",
"Biochemical reactions"
] |
46,671,034 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free-piston%20linear%20generator | The free-piston linear generator (FPLG) uses chemical energy from fuel to drive magnets through a stator and converts this linear motion into electric energy. Because of its versatility, low weight and high efficiency, it can be used in a wide range of applications, although it is of special interest to the mobility in... | Free-piston linear generator | [
"Physics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 1,287 | [
"Internal combustion engine",
"Machines",
"Engines",
"Piston engines",
"Combustion engineering",
"Physical systems",
"Engine technology"
] |
46,676,535 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate%20inertia | Climate inertia or climate change inertia is the phenomenon by which a planet's climate system shows a resistance or slowness to deviate away from a given dynamic state. It can accompany stability and other effects of feedback within complex systems, and includes the inertia exhibited by physical movements of matter a... | Climate inertia | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 1,620 | [
"Oceanography",
"Hydrology",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Environmental engineering"
] |
35,504,712 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographical%20centre%20of%20Earth | The geographical centre of Earth is the geometric centre of all land surfaces on Earth. Geometrically defined it is the centroid of all land surfaces within the two dimensions of the Geoid surface which approximates the Earth's outer shape. The term centre of minimum distance specifies the concept more precisely as the... | Geographical centre of Earth | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 683 | [
"Point (geometry)",
"Geometric centers",
"Geographical centres",
"Symmetry"
] |
35,508,439 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmon | In quantum computing, and more specifically in superconducting quantum computing, a transmon is a type of superconducting charge qubit designed to have reduced sensitivity to charge noise. The transmon was developed by Robert J. Schoelkopf, Michel Devoret, Steven M. Girvin, and their colleagues at Yale University in 20... | Transmon | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,021 | [
"Physical quantities",
"Quantum electronics",
"Superconductivity",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Materials science",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Nanotechnology",
"Electrical resistance and conductance"
] |
45,342,125 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optic%20equation | In number theory, the optic equation is an equation that requires the sum of the reciprocals of two positive integers and to equal the reciprocal of a third positive integer :
Multiplying both sides by abc shows that the optic equation is equivalent to a Diophantine equation (a polynomial equation in multiple intege... | Optic equation | [
"Mathematics"
] | 888 | [
"Diophantine equations",
"Mathematical objects",
"Equations",
"Number theory"
] |
45,342,879 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neupert%20effect | The Neupert effect refers to an empirical tendency for high-energy ('hard') X-ray emission to coincide temporally with the rate of rise of lower-energy ('soft') X-ray emission of a solar flare.
Here 'hard' and 'soft' mean above and below an energy of about 10 keV to solar physicists, though in non-solar X-ray astronom... | Neupert effect | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 254 | [
"Astronomy stubs",
"X-rays",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Electromagnetic spectrum"
] |
45,347,901 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Method%20of%20continued%20fractions | The method of continued fractions is a method developed specifically for solution of integral equations of quantum scattering theory like Lippmann–Schwinger equation or Faddeev equations. It was invented by Horáček and Sasakawa in 1983. The goal of the method is to solve the integral equation
iteratively and to const... | Method of continued fractions | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 704 | [
"Theoretical physics",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Scattering",
"Particle physics",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Nuclear physics"
] |
45,348,419 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helium%20dimer | The helium dimer is a van der Waals molecule with formula He2 consisting of two helium atoms. This chemical is the largest diatomic molecule—a molecule consisting of two atoms bonded together. The bond that holds this dimer together is so weak that it will break if the molecule rotates, or vibrates too much. It can onl... | Helium dimer | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 2,667 | [
"Periodic table",
"Properties of chemical elements",
"Van der Waals molecules",
"Allotropes",
"Molecules",
"Dimers (chemistry)",
"Materials",
"Polymer chemistry",
"Matter"
] |
26,602,636 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olaratumab | Olaratumab, sold under the brand name Lartruvo, is a monoclonal antibody medication developed by Eli Lilly and Company for the treatment of solid tumors. It is directed against the platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha.
It was removed from the United States and European Union markets in 2019, due to insufficie... | Olaratumab | [
"Chemistry"
] | 882 | [
"Drug safety",
"Withdrawn drugs"
] |
26,602,975 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Package%20testing | Package testing or packaging testing involves the measurement of a characteristic or property involved with packaging. This includes packaging materials, packaging components, primary packages, shipping containers, and unit loads, as well as the associated processes.
Testing measures the effects and interactions of t... | Package testing | [
"Engineering"
] | 5,956 | [
"Environmental testing",
"Reliability engineering",
"Industrial engineering"
] |
26,604,290 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beethoven%20Burst%20%28GRB%20991216%29 | GRB 991216, nicknamed the Beethoven Burst by Dr. Brad Schaefer of Yale University, was a gamma-ray burst observed on December 16, 1999, coinciding with the 229th anniversary of Ludwig van Beethoven's birth. A gamma-ray burst is a highly luminous flash associated with an explosion in a distant galaxy and producing gamma... | Beethoven Burst (GRB 991216) | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 406 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Orion (constellation)",
"Astronomical events",
"Constellations",
"Gamma-ray bursts",
"Stellar phenomena"
] |
26,605,226 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-quantum%20cryptography | Post-quantum cryptography (PQC), sometimes referred to as quantum-proof, quantum-safe, or quantum-resistant, is the development of cryptographic algorithms (usually public-key algorithms) that are currently thought to be secure against a cryptanalytic attack by a quantum computer. Most widely-used public-key algorithms... | Post-quantum cryptography | [
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 4,693 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Cryptography",
"Cybersecurity engineering"
] |
26,605,827 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C17H21NO5 | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C17H21NO5}}
The molecular formula C17H21NO5 (molar mass: 319.35 g/mol, exact mass: 319.1420 u) may refer to:
Anisodine, also known as daturamine and α-hydroxyscopolamin
Salicylmethylecgonine (2′-Hydroxycocaine)
Molecular formulas | C17H21NO5 | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 90 | [
"Molecules",
"Set index articles on molecular formulas",
"Isomerism",
"Molecular formulas",
"Matter"
] |
26,606,740 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid%20input-output%20algorithm | The hybrid input-output (HIO) algorithm for phase retrieval is a modification of the error reduction algorithm for retrieving the phases in coherent diffraction imaging. Determining the phases of a diffraction pattern is crucial since the diffraction pattern of an object is its Fourier transform and in order to properl... | Hybrid input-output algorithm | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 542 | [
"Crystallography",
"Diffraction",
"Spectroscopy",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)"
] |
26,611,926 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirichlet%20kernel | In mathematical analysis, the Dirichlet kernel, named after the German mathematician Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet, is the collection of periodic functions defined as
where is any positive integer. The kernel functions are periodic with period .
The importance of the Dirichlet kernel comes from its relation to Four... | Dirichlet kernel | [
"Mathematics"
] | 847 | [
"Mathematical analysis",
"Approximation theory",
"Mathematical relations",
"Articles containing proofs",
"Approximations"
] |
26,611,936 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penrose%20tiling | A Penrose tiling is an example of an aperiodic tiling. Here, a tiling is a covering of the plane by non-overlapping polygons or other shapes, and a tiling is aperiodic if it does not contain arbitrarily large periodic regions or patches. However, despite their lack of translational symmetry, Penrose tilings may have bo... | Penrose tiling | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 5,557 | [
"Discrete mathematics",
"Tessellation",
"Discrete geometry",
"Golden ratio",
"Aperiodic tilings",
"Symmetry"
] |
40,639,179 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deligne%E2%80%93Mumford%20stack | In algebraic geometry, a Deligne–Mumford stack is a stack F such that
Pierre Deligne and David Mumford introduced this notion in 1969 when they proved that moduli spaces of stable curves of fixed arithmetic genus are proper smooth Deligne–Mumford stacks.
If the "étale" is weakened to "smooth", then such a stack is ca... | Deligne–Mumford stack | [
"Mathematics"
] | 424 | [
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Algebraic geometry"
] |
40,639,467 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light%20bullet | Light bullets are localized pulses of electromagnetic energy that can travel through a medium and retain their spatiotemporal shape in spite of diffraction and dispersion which tend to spread the pulse. This is made possible by a balance between the non-linear self-focusing and spreading effects brought about by the me... | Light bullet | [
"Physics"
] | 261 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Electromagnetic radiation",
"Electromagnetic spectrum",
"Waves",
"Radiation",
"Light"
] |
48,344,629 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum%20spin%20tunneling | Quantum spin tunneling, or quantum tunneling of magnetization, is a physical phenomenon by which the quantum mechanical state that describes the collective magnetization of a nanomagnet is a linear superposition of two states with well defined and opposite magnetization. Classically, the magnetic anisotropy favo... | Quantum spin tunneling | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,182 | [
"Theoretical physics",
"Phases of matter",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Materials science",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Matter"
] |
48,345,932 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concrete%20Series | The Concrete Series was a series of books about the use of concrete in construction that was published by Concrete Publications Limited of Dartmouth Street, London, from the 1930s to the 1960s.
History
The Concrete Series was a book series about the use of concrete in construction that was published by Concrete Public... | Concrete Series | [
"Engineering"
] | 316 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Concrete"
] |
48,349,765 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bomb%20pulse | The bomb pulse is the sudden increase of carbon-14 (C) in Earth's atmosphere due to the hundreds of above-ground nuclear tests that started in 1945 and intensified after 1950 until 1963, when the Limited Test Ban Treaty was signed by the United States, the Soviet Union and the United Kingdom. These blasts were followed... | Bomb pulse | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Technology",
"Biology"
] | 1,455 | [
"Nuclear weapons testing",
"Nuclear physics",
"Environmental impact of nuclear power",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry",
"Radioactivity"
] |
39,319,146 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lentiviral%20vector%20in%20gene%20therapy | Lentiviral vectors in gene therapy is a method by which genes can be inserted, modified, or deleted in organisms using lentiviruses.
Lentiviruses are a family of viruses that are responsible for diseases like AIDS, which infect by inserting DNA into their host cells' genome. Many such viruses have been the basis of re... | Lentiviral vector in gene therapy | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 2,628 | [
"Genetics techniques",
"Molecular biology techniques",
"Gene delivery"
] |
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