id int64 39 79M | url stringlengths 32 168 | text stringlengths 7 145k | source stringlengths 2 105 | categories listlengths 1 6 | token_count int64 3 32.2k | subcategories listlengths 0 27 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
50,797,595 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Form%20factor%20%28design%29 | Form factor is a hardware design aspect that defines and prescribes the size, shape, and other physical specifications of components, particularly in electronics. A form factor may represent a broad class of similarly sized components, or it may prescribe a specific standard. It may also define an entire system, as in ... | Form factor (design) | [
"Engineering"
] | 601 | [
"Industrial design",
"Design engineering",
"Electronic design",
"Electronic engineering",
"Design"
] |
50,797,822 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inclusive%20fitness%20in%20humans | Inclusive fitness in humans is the application of inclusive fitness theory to human social behaviour, relationships and cooperation.
Inclusive fitness theory (and the related kin selection theory) are general theories in evolutionary biology that propose a method to understand the evolution of social behaviours in org... | Inclusive fitness in humans | [
"Biology"
] | 4,109 | [
"Evolutionary biology",
"Behavior",
"Behavioral ecology",
"Evolutionary biology concepts",
"Behavioural sciences",
"Ethology"
] |
50,798,411 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant%20bioacoustics | Plant bioacoustics refers to the creation of sound waves by plants. Measured sound emissions by plants as well as differential germination rates, growth rates and behavioral modifications in response to sound are well documented. Plants detect neighbors by means other than well-established communicative signals includi... | Plant bioacoustics | [
"Physics",
"Biology"
] | 1,215 | [
"Plant physiology",
"Plants",
"Classical mechanics",
"Acoustics"
] |
46,753,817 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon-vacancy%20center%20in%20diamond | The silicon-vacancy center (Si-V) is an optically active defect in diamond (referred to as a color center) that is receiving an increasing amount of interest in the diamond research community. This interest is driven primarily by the coherent optical properties of the Si-V, especially compared to the well-known and ext... | Silicon-vacancy center in diamond | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,686 | [
"Molecular physics",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Instrumental analysis",
"Spintronics",
"Crystallographic defects",
"Materials science",
"Crystallography",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Materials degradation",
"Spectroscopy"
] |
46,757,344 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di%28propylene%20glycol%29%20methyl%20ether | Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether is an organic solvent with a variety of industrial and commercial uses. It finds use as a less volatile alternative to propylene glycol methyl ether and other glycol ethers. The commercial product is typically a mixture of four isomers.
References
Alcohol solvents
Ether solvents | Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether | [
"Chemistry"
] | 70 | [] |
46,757,985 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwight%20Barkley | Dwight Barkley (born 7 January 1959) is a professor of mathematics at the University of Warwick.
Education and career
Barkley obtained his PhD in physics from the University of Texas at Austin in 1988.
He then spent one year at Caltech working with Philip Saffman followed by three years at Princeton University wher... | Dwight Barkley | [
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 624 | [
"Dynamical systems",
"Dynamical systems theorists",
"Fluid dynamicists",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
52,247,710 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gosi%20Khurd%20Irrigation%20Project | GosiKhurd Irrigation Project also known as Indira Sagar Irrigation Project is one of the major irrigation projects in Godavari basin in Indian state Maharashtra in the Bhandara district on the river Wainganga. The project was launched in 7th Five Year Plan by former Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi during 1984. It has been ... | Gosi Khurd Irrigation Project | [
"Engineering"
] | 564 | [
"Irrigation projects"
] |
52,248,727 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Stuart%20%28structural%20biologist%29 | Sir David Ian Stuart (born 8 December 1953) is a Medical Research Council Professor of Structural Biology at the Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics at the University of Oxford where he is also a Fellow of Hertford College, Oxford. He is best known for his contributions to the X-ray crystallography of viruses, in... | David Stuart (structural biologist) | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 701 | [
"X-ray crystallography",
"Crystallography"
] |
52,251,139 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endoxifen | Endoxifen, also known as 4-hydroxy-N-desmethyltamoxifen, is a nonsteroidal selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) of the triphenylethylene group as well as a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor. It is under development for the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer and for the treatment of mania in bi... | Endoxifen | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,228 | [
"Chemicals in medicine",
"Human drug metabolites"
] |
52,252,137 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ectopic%20decidua | Ectopic decidua are decidual cells found outside inner lining of the uterus. This condition was first described in 1971 by Walker and the name 'ectopic decidua' was coined by Tausig. While ectopic decidua is most commonly seen during pregnancy, it rarely occurs in non-pregnant people, accompanied by bleeding and pain.
... | Ectopic decidua | [
"Chemistry"
] | 227 | [
"Histopathology",
"Microscopy"
] |
52,253,271 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20S.%20Potember | Richard S. Potember is an American scientist and inventor. He is currently a principal systems engineer at MITRE. Prior to this he was a program manager in the Tactical Technology Office at the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). He has been an instructor at the Whiting School of Engineering at the Johns... | Richard S. Potember | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 468 | [
"Nanotechnology",
"Molecular physics",
"Molecular electronics"
] |
52,256,432 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A.%20P.%20B.%20Sinha | Akhoury Purnendu Bhusan Sinha (23 September 1928 – 4 July 2021) was an Indian solid state chemist who was the head of the Physical Chemistry Division of the National Chemical Laboratory, Pune. He is known for his theories on semiconductors and his studies on synthesis of manganites. He was an elected fellow of the Indi... | A. P. B. Sinha | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 650 | [
"Condensed matter physics",
"nan",
"Solid-state chemistry"
] |
52,256,924 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forced%20convection%20in%20porous%20media | Forced convection is type of heat transport in which fluid motion is generated by an external source like a (pump, fan, suction device, etc.). Heat transfer through porus media is very effective and efficiently. Forced convection heat transfer in a confined porous medium has been a subject of intensive studies during t... | Forced convection in porous media | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 307 | [
"Transport phenomena",
"Physical phenomena",
"Heat transfer",
"Chemical engineering",
"Convection",
"Thermodynamics",
"Piping",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
37,946,483 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silvia%20Braslavsky | Silvia Elsa Braslavsky (born April 5, 1942 in Buenos Aires) is an Argentine chemist.
She is the daughter of educationist and biochemist Lázaro Braslavsky, and the sister of Cecilia Braslavsky, educationist and erstwhile director of the International Bureau of Education of UNESCO. She has two daughters, sociologist Pau... | Silvia Braslavsky | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,133 | [
"Biochemists",
"Women biochemists"
] |
37,948,528 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranium%20Mill%20Tailings%20Radiation%20Control%20Act | The Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act (1978) is a United States environmental law that amended the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 and authorized the Environmental Protection Agency to establish health and environmental standards for the stabilization, restoration, and disposal of uranium mill waste. Title 1 of the... | Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act | [
"Chemistry",
"Technology"
] | 364 | [
"Environmental impact of nuclear power",
"Radioactive waste",
"Hazardous waste",
"Radioactivity"
] |
49,686,737 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landau%E2%80%93Yang%20theorem | In quantum mechanics, the Landau–Yang theorem is a selection rule for particles that decay into two on-shell photons. The theorem states that a massive particle with spin 1 cannot decay into two photons.
Assumptions
A photon here is any particle with spin 1, without mass and without internal degrees of freedom. The ... | Landau–Yang theorem | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 192 | [
"Theorems in quantum mechanics",
"Equations of physics",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Theorems in mathematical physics",
"Physics theorems"
] |
49,690,041 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wild%20problem | In the mathematical areas of linear algebra and representation theory, a problem is wild if it contains the problem of classifying pairs of square matrices up to simultaneous similarity. Examples of wild problems are classifying indecomposable representations of any quiver that is neither a Dynkin quiver (i.e. the unde... | Wild problem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 165 | [
"Linear algebra",
"Representation theory",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Algebra"
] |
49,694,191 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactimidomycin | Lactimidomycin is a glutarimide antibiotic derived from the bacteria Streptomyces amphibiosporus. It has antifungal, antiviral and anti-cancer properties, acting as a direct inhibitor of protein translation in ribosomes. Antiviral activity is seen against a variety of RNA viruses including flaviviruses such as dengue f... | Lactimidomycin | [
"Biology"
] | 160 | [
"Antiviral drugs",
"Biocides"
] |
49,694,376 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NT5C1A | 5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic IA is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NT5C1A gene.
Function
Cytosolic nucleotidases, such as NT5C1A, dephosphorylate nucleoside monophosphates.
References
Further reading
Proteins | NT5C1A | [
"Chemistry"
] | 70 | [
"Biomolecules by chemical classification",
"Proteins",
"Molecular biology"
] |
49,700,795 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constant-recursive%20sequence | In mathematics, an infinite sequence of numbers is called constant-recursive if it satisfies an equation of the form
for all , where are constants. The equation is called a linear recurrence relation.
The concept is also known as a linear recurrence sequence, linear-recursive sequence, linear-recurrent sequence, or ... | Constant-recursive sequence | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 3,157 | [
"Sequences and series",
"Discrete mathematics",
"Integer sequences",
"Mathematical structures",
"Recurrence relations",
"Algebra",
"Recreational mathematics",
"Mathematical objects",
"Combinatorics",
"Mechanics",
"Mathematical relations",
"Linear algebra",
"Numbers",
"Number theory",
"Dy... |
48,450,465 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human%20Enhancement | Human Enhancement (2009) is a non-fiction book edited by philosopher Nick Bostrom and philosopher and bioethicist Julian Savulescu. Savulescu and Bostrom write about the ethical implications of human enhancement and to what extent it is worth striving towards.
References
2009 non-fiction books
Ethics books
Transhuman... | Human Enhancement | [
"Technology",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 83 | [
"Genetic engineering",
"Transhumanism",
"Ethics of science and technology"
] |
48,451,473 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phagraphene | Phagraphene [fæ’græfiːn] is a proposed graphene allotrope composed of 5-6-7 carbon rings. Phagraphene was proposed in 2015 based on systematic evolutionary structure searching. Theoretical calculations showed that phagraphene is not only dynamically and thermally stable, but also has distorted Dirac cones. The directio... | Phagraphene | [
"Chemistry"
] | 228 | [
"Allotropes of carbon",
"Allotropes"
] |
55,142,158 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ewingite | Ewingite is a mineral discovered by Jakub Plášil of the Institute of Physics at the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic in the Plavno mine, Czech Republic. Travis Olds of the University of Notre Dame and colleagues described ewingite, which is the most structurally complex known mineral on Earth. Ewingite is name... | Ewingite | [
"Chemistry"
] | 226 | [
"Hydrate minerals",
"Hydrates"
] |
55,144,051 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land%20of%20Manu | In ancient Egyptian religion, the land of Manu (the West) is where the sun god Ra sets every evening. It is mentioned in the Book of the Dead.
References
Locations in Egyptian mythology
Sun myths
Ra | Land of Manu | [
"Astronomy"
] | 44 | [
"Astronomical myths",
"Sun myths"
] |
43,590,607 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bimetric%20gravity | Bimetric gravity or bigravity refers to two different classes of theories. The first class of theories relies on modified mathematical theories of gravity (or gravitation) in which two metric tensors are used instead of one. The second metric may be introduced at high energies, with the implication that the speed of li... | Bimetric gravity | [
"Physics"
] | 1,749 | [
"Theories of gravity",
"General relativity",
"Theoretical physics",
"Theory of relativity"
] |
43,593,074 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lasing%20without%20inversion | Lasing without inversion (LWI), or lasing without population inversion, is a technique used for light amplification by stimulated emission without the requirement of population inversion. A laser working under this scheme exploits the quantum interference between the probability amplitudes of atomic transitions in orde... | Lasing without inversion | [
"Physics"
] | 132 | [
"Quantum optics",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Quantum physics stubs"
] |
43,597,028 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head-in-pillow%20defect | In the assembly of integrated circuit packages to printed circuit boards, a head-in-pillow defect (HIP or HNP), also called ball-and-socket, is a failure of the soldering process. For example, in the case of a ball grid array (BGA) package, the pre-deposited solder ball on the package and the solder paste applied to th... | Head-in-pillow defect | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 403 | [
"Systems engineering",
"Reliability engineering",
"Metallurgy",
"Technological failures",
"Materials science",
"Engineering failures",
"Electronic engineering",
"Civil engineering",
"Soldering defects",
"nan",
"Electronics manufacturing"
] |
56,580,107 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DiRAC | Distributed Research using Advanced Computing (DiRAC) is an integrated supercomputing facility used for research in particle physics, astronomy and cosmology in the United Kingdom. DiRAC makes use of multi-core processors and provides a variety of computer architectures for use by the research community.
Development
D... | DiRAC | [
"Technology"
] | 323 | [
"Supercomputers",
"Supercomputing"
] |
30,054,770 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biham%E2%80%93Middleton%E2%80%93Levine%20traffic%20model | The Biham–Middleton–Levine traffic model is a self-organizing cellular automaton traffic flow model. It consists of a number of cars represented by points on a lattice with a random starting position, where each car may be one of two types: those that only move downwards (shown as blue in this article), and those that ... | Biham–Middleton–Levine traffic model | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science"
] | 1,297 | [
"Statistical mechanics",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Lattice models",
"Computational physics"
] |
30,057,479 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanogenerator | A nanogenerator is a compact device that converts mechanical or thermal energy into electricity, serving to harvest energy for small, wireless autonomous devices. It uses ambient energy sources like solar, wind, thermal differentials, and kinetic energy. Nanogenerators can use ambient background energy in the environme... | Nanogenerator | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 3,721 | [
"Machines",
"Microtechnology",
"Engines",
"Materials science",
"Physical systems",
"Nanoelectronics",
"Nanotechnology"
] |
30,068,177 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borlaug%20Global%20Rust%20Initiative | The Borlaug Global Rust Initiative (BGRI - originally named the Global Rust Initiative) was founded in response to recommendations of a committee of international experts who met to consider a response to the threat the global food supply posed by the Ug99 strain of wheat rust. The BGRI was renamed the Borlaug Global R... | Borlaug Global Rust Initiative | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 452 | [
"Plant breeding",
"Genetic engineering and agriculture",
"Genetic engineering",
"Molecular biology"
] |
33,925,900 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrodynamic%20seal | A hydrodynamic seal is a type of mechanical seal. A hydrodynamic seal uses a dynamic rotor with grooves that act as a pump and create an air film that the opposing sealing surface will ride on. A hydrodynamic seal performs better than hydrostatic seals by providing greater film stiffness, lower leakage and lower lift o... | Hydrodynamic seal | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 128 | [
"Seals (mechanical)",
"Materials",
"Mechanical engineering",
"Mechanical engineering stubs",
"Matter"
] |
33,926,747 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolutionary%20aesthetics | Evolutionary aesthetics refers to evolutionary psychology theories in which the basic aesthetic preferences of Homo sapiens are argued to have evolved in order to enhance survival and reproductive success.
Based on this theory, things like color preference, preferred mate body ratios, shapes, emotional ties with objec... | Evolutionary aesthetics | [
"Biology"
] | 1,083 | [
"Behavioural sciences",
"Behavior",
"Sociobiology"
] |
33,937,103 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niven%27s%20theorem | In mathematics, Niven's theorem, named after Ivan Niven, states that the only rational values of in the interval for which the sine of degrees is also a rational number are:
In radians, one would require that , that be rational, and that be rational. The conclusion is then that the only such values are , , and .... | Niven's theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 385 | [
"Mathematical theorems",
"Theorems in algebra",
"Geometry",
"Theorems in geometry",
"Mathematical problems",
"Algebra"
] |
28,554,158 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scripta%20Materialia | Scripta Materialia is a peer-reviewed scientific journal. It is the "letters" section of Acta Materialia and covers novel properties, or substantially improved properties of materials. Specific materials discussed are metals, ceramics and semiconductors at all length scales, and published research endeavors explore the... | Scripta Materialia | [
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 302 | [
"Materials science journals",
"Materials science"
] |
28,557,044 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteins%20%28journal%29 | Proteins: Structure, Function, and Bioinformatics is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by John Wiley & Sons, which was established in 1986 by Cyrus Levinthal. The journal covers research on all aspects protein biochemistry, including computation, function, structure, design, and genetics. The editor-... | Proteins (journal) | [
"Chemistry"
] | 178 | [
"Biochemistry journals",
"Molecular and cellular biology journals",
"Biochemistry literature",
"Molecular biology"
] |
28,557,957 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanochromism | The change of colour which occurs when chemicals are put under stress in the solid state by mechanical grinding, crushing and milling; by friction and rubbing; or in the solid or solution state by high pressure or sonication is covered by the generic term mechanochromism. Specifically colour change under pressure is kn... | Mechanochromism | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Astronomy",
"Engineering"
] | 143 | [
"Spectroscopy stubs",
"Materials science stubs",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Chromism",
"Astronomy stubs",
"Materials science",
"Smart materials",
"Molecular physics stubs",
"Spectroscopy",
"Physical chemistry stubs"
] |
28,559,987 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monolayer%20doping | Monolayer doping (MLD) in semiconductor production is a well controlled, wafer-scale surface doping technique first developed at the University of California, Berkeley, in 2007. This work is aimed for attaining controlled doping of semiconductor materials with atomic accuracy, especially at nanoscale, which is not easi... | Monolayer doping | [
"Materials_science"
] | 1,400 | [
"Semiconductor device fabrication",
"Microtechnology"
] |
28,562,138 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific%20fan%20power | Specific Fan Power (SFP) is a parameter that quantifies the energy-efficiency of fan air movement systems. It is a measure of the electric power that is needed to drive a fan (or collection of fans), relative to the amount of air that is circulated through the fan(s). It is not constant for a given fan, but changes wit... | Specific fan power | [
"Chemistry",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 599 | [
"Engines",
"Electric motors",
"Chemical engineering",
"Piping",
"Electrical engineering",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
28,563,536 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C7H8N2O | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C7H8N2O}}
The molecular formula C7H8N2O (molar mass: 136.154 g/mol, exact mass: 136.0637 u) may refer to:
3-Aminobenzamide
Nicotinyl methylamide
Molecular formulas | C7H8N2O | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 67 | [
"Molecules",
"Set index articles on molecular formulas",
"Isomerism",
"Molecular formulas",
"Matter"
] |
28,568,276 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sipuleucel-T | Sipuleucel-T, sold under the brand name Provenge, developed by Dendreon Pharmaceuticals, LLC, is a cell-based cancer immunotherapy for prostate cancer (CaP). It is an autologous cellular immunotherapy.
Medical uses
Sipuleucel-T is indicated for the treatment of metastatic, asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic, metas... | Sipuleucel-T | [
"Biology"
] | 1,172 | [
"Cell therapies"
] |
45,435,217 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorium%20oxalate | Thorium oxalate is the inorganic compound with the formula Th(C2O4)2(H2O)4. It is a white insoluble solid prepared by the reaction of thorium(IV) salts with an oxalic acid. The material is a coordination polymer. Each Th(IV) center is bound to 10 oxygen centers: eight provided by the bridging oxalates and two by a pa... | Thorium oxalate | [
"Chemistry"
] | 192 | [
"Inorganic compounds",
"Inorganic compound stubs"
] |
45,437,349 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycosubtilin | Mycosubtilin is a natural lipopeptide with antifungal and hemolytic activities and isolated from Bacillus species. It belongs to the iturin lipopeptide family.
Definition
Mycosubtilin is a natural lipopeptide. It is produced by the strains of Bacillus spp mainly by Bacillus subtilis. It was discovered due to its anti... | Mycosubtilin | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 279 | [
"Colloidal chemistry",
"Biotechnology products",
"Surface science",
"Colloids",
"Antibiotics",
"Biocides"
] |
42,158,230 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mucoserous%20acinus | Mucoserous acini (singular acinus) or mixed acini are mainly present in submandibular and sublingual glands. They are formed by mucous cells with some serous cells interspersed each other. Both cells pour their secretion directly in the lumen. Layer of mucous cells and serous demilune of serous cells superficial to muc... | Mucoserous acinus | [
"Chemistry"
] | 81 | [
"Histology",
"Microscopy"
] |
40,725,476 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsey%20class | In the area of mathematics known as Ramsey theory, a Ramsey class is one which satisfies a generalization of Ramsey's theorem.
Suppose , and are structures and is a positive integer. We denote by the set of all subobjects of which are isomorphic to . We further denote by the property that for all partitions of... | Ramsey class | [
"Mathematics"
] | 161 | [
"Combinatorics stubs",
"Ramsey theory",
"Combinatorics"
] |
40,726,052 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community%20genetics | Community genetics is a recently emerged field in biology that fuses elements of community ecology, evolutionary biology, and molecular and quantitative genetics. Antonovics first articulated the vision for such a field, and Whitham et al. formalized its definition as "The study of the genetic interactions that occur b... | Community genetics | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 512 | [
"Evolutionary biology",
"Molecular genetics",
"Molecular biology"
] |
32,327,652 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isospin%20multiplet | In particle physics, isospin multiplets are families of hadrons with approximately equal masses. All particles within a multiplet, have the same spin, parity, and baryon numbers, but differ in electric charges.
Isospin formally behaves as an angular momentum operator and thus satisfies the appropriate canonical commut... | Isospin multiplet | [
"Physics"
] | 264 | [
"Matter",
"Hadrons",
"Particle physics",
"Particle physics stubs",
"Subatomic particles"
] |
32,328,300 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automorphic%20L-function | In mathematics, an automorphic L-function is a function L(s,π,r) of a complex variable s, associated to an automorphic representation π of a reductive group G over a global field and a finite-dimensional complex representation r of the Langlands dual group LG of G, generalizing the Dirichlet L-series of a Dirichlet cha... | Automorphic L-function | [
"Mathematics"
] | 405 | [
"Langlands program",
"Number theory"
] |
32,334,455 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limit%20analysis | Limit analysis is a structural analysis field which is dedicated to the development of efficient methods to directly determine estimates of the collapse load of a given structural model without resorting to iterative or incremental analysis. For this purpose, the field of limit analysis is based on a set of theorems, ... | Limit analysis | [
"Engineering"
] | 293 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Structural analysis",
"Civil engineering",
"Civil engineering stubs",
"Mechanical engineering",
"Aerospace engineering"
] |
53,645,258 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resource%20calendar | The resource calendar is the timetable that shows how material and labor are consumed during the course of a project. This data might be at activity or project level.
Project schedule
Making a schedule relies on upon knowledge of every individual's accessibility and schedule limits, including:
Time zones
Work hou... | Resource calendar | [
"Physics"
] | 87 | [
"Physical quantities",
"Time",
"Time management",
"Spacetime",
"Schedule (project management)"
] |
53,646,049 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohmic%20plasma | An ohmic plasma is a plasma that is maintained and/or replenished by the heat produced when a plasma current flows through its resistance as in the induced poloidal magnetic field of a tokamak. Efficiency decreases as the plasma temperature increases. The mechanism is similar to the heat created with an electric curren... | Ohmic plasma | [
"Physics"
] | 121 | [
"Plasma types",
"Plasma physics stubs",
"Plasma physics"
] |
53,646,845 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid%20slugging | Liquid slugging is the phenomenon of liquid entering the cylinder of a reciprocating compressor, a common cause of failure.
Under normal conditions, the intake and output of a compressor cylinder is entirely vapor or gas, when a liquid accumulates at the suction port liquid slugging can occur. As more of the practica... | Liquid slugging | [
"Physics"
] | 89 | [
"Physical phenomena"
] |
53,651,363 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron%20scattering%20length | A neutron may pass by a nucleus with a probability determined by the nuclear interaction distance, or be absorbed, or undergo scattering that may be either coherent or incoherent. The interference effects in coherent scattering can be computed via the coherent scattering length of neutrons, being proportional to the am... | Neutron scattering length | [
"Chemistry"
] | 408 | [
"Scattering",
"Neutron scattering"
] |
53,651,947 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion%20funnel | In mass spectrometry, an ion funnel is a device used to focus a beam of ions using a series of stacked ring electrodes with decreasing inner diameter. A combined radio frequency and fixed electrical potential is applied to the grids. In electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), ions are created at atmospheric... | Ion funnel | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,114 | [
"Matter",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Instrumental analysis",
"Mass",
"Mass spectrometry",
"Ions"
] |
53,652,118 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karen%20Chan | Karen Chan is an associate professor at the Technical University of Denmark. She is a Canadian and French physicist most notable for her work on catalysis, electrocatalysis, and electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide.
Education
Chan earned her B.Sc. in Chemical Physics in 2007 and her PhD in Chemistry in 2013 f... | Karen Chan | [
"Chemistry"
] | 232 | [
"Catalysis",
"Chemical kinetics"
] |
37,956,283 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WI-38 | WI-38 is a diploid human cell line composed of fibroblasts derived from lung tissue of a 3-month-gestation female fetus. The fetus came from the elective abortion of a Swedish woman in 1963. The cell line was isolated by Leonard Hayflick the same year, and has been used extensively in scientific research, with applicat... | WI-38 | [
"Biology"
] | 874 | [
"Senescence",
"Cellular senescence",
"Vaccination",
"Cellular processes"
] |
37,956,397 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacobson%E2%80%93Bourbaki%20theorem | In algebra, the Jacobson–Bourbaki theorem is a theorem used to extend Galois theory to field extensions that need not be separable. It was introduced by for commutative fields and extended to non-commutative fields by , and who credited the result to unpublished work by Nicolas Bourbaki. The extension of Galois theo... | Jacobson–Bourbaki theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 332 | [
"Theorems in algebra",
"Mathematical theorems",
"Mathematical problems",
"Algebra"
] |
37,957,427 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass%20spectrometric%20immunoassay | Mass spectrometric immunoassay (MSIA) is a rapid method is used to detect and/ or quantify antigens and or antibody analytes. This method uses an analyte affinity (either through antigens or antibodies) isolation to extract targeted molecules and internal standards from biological fluid in preparation for matrix assis... | Mass spectrometric immunoassay | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,337 | [
"Biochemistry methods",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Instrumental analysis",
"Mass",
"Immunologic tests",
"Mass spectrometry",
"Biochemistry",
"Matter"
] |
37,957,946 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De%20novo%20protein%20synthesis%20theory%20of%20memory%20formation | The de novo protein synthesis theory of memory formation is a hypothesis about the formation of the physical correlates of memory in the brain. It is widely accepted that the physiological correlates for memories are stored at the synapse between various neurons. The relative strength of various synapses in a network o... | De novo protein synthesis theory of memory formation | [
"Chemistry"
] | 3,063 | [
"Protein biosynthesis",
"Gene expression",
"Biosynthesis"
] |
37,959,176 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nb.BbvCI | Nb.BbvCI is a nicking endonuclease used to cut one strand of double-stranded DNA. It has been successfully used to incorporate fluorochrome-labeled nucleotides into specific spots of a DNA sequence via nick translation.
References
Biotechnology
Molecular biology | Nb.BbvCI | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 59 | [
"Biotechnology",
"Molecular biology stubs",
"nan",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry"
] |
37,959,983 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korte%27s%20third%20law%20of%20apparent%20motion | In psychophysics, Korte's third law of apparent motion is an observation relating the phenomenon of apparent motion to the distance and duration between two successively presented stimuli.
Formulation
Korte's four laws were first proposed in 1915 by Adolf Korte. The third law, particularly, describes how the increase... | Korte's third law of apparent motion | [
"Physics"
] | 444 | [
"Psychophysics",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics"
] |
39,403,556 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free%20energy%20principle | The free energy principle is a theoretical framework suggesting that the brain reduces surprise or uncertainty by making predictions based on internal models and updating them using sensory input. It highlights the brain's objective of aligning its internal model and the external world to enhance prediction accuracy. T... | Free energy principle | [
"Mathematics",
"Biology"
] | 4,011 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"nan",
"Mathematical and theoretical biology"
] |
39,410,762 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard%20dimension%20ratio | Standard dimension ratio (SDR) is a method of rating a pipe's durability against pressure. The standard dimension ratio describes the correlation between the pipe dimension and the thickness of the pipe wall.
Common nominations are SDR11, SDR17, SDR26 and SDR35. Pipes with a lower SDR can withstand higher pressures.
... | Standard dimension ratio | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 82 | [
"Building engineering",
"Chemical engineering",
"Civil engineering",
"Civil engineering stubs",
"Mechanical engineering",
"Piping"
] |
52,265,423 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dropwise%20condensation | In dropwise condensation the condensate liquid collects in the form of countless droplets of varying diameters on the condensing surface, instead of forming a continuous film, and does not wet the solid cooling surface. The droplets develop at points of surface imperfections (pit, scratch), called nucleation sites, and... | Dropwise condensation | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 832 | [
"Transport phenomena",
"Physical phenomena",
"Phase transitions",
"Heat transfer",
"Critical phenomena",
"Phases of matter",
"Thermodynamics",
"Statistical mechanics",
"Matter"
] |
52,266,363 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave%20Energy%20Scotland | Wave Energy Scotland (WES) is a technology development body set up by the Scottish Government to facilitate the development of wave energy in Scotland. It was set up in 2015 and is a subsidiary of Highlands and Islands Enterprise (HIE) based in Inverness.
WES has managed numerous projects resulting from pre-commercia... | Wave Energy Scotland | [
"Engineering"
] | 2,090 | [
"Renewable energy organizations",
"Energy organizations"
] |
56,605,705 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%28Butadiene%29iron%20tricarbonyl | (Butadiene)iron tricarbonyl is an organoiron compound with the formula (CH)Fe(CO). It is a well-studied metal complex of butadiene. An orange-colored viscous liquid that freezes just below room temperature, the compound adopts a piano stool structure.
The complex was first prepared by heating iron pentacarbonyl with ... | (Butadiene)iron tricarbonyl | [
"Chemistry"
] | 197 | [
"Organometallic chemistry",
"Half sandwich compounds"
] |
56,608,122 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ClickSeq | ClickSeq is a click-chemistry based method for generating next generation sequencing libraries for deep-sequencing platforms including Illumina, HiSeq, MiSeq and NextSeq. Its function is similar to most other techniques for generating RNAseq or DNAseq libraries in that it aims to generate random fragments of biological... | ClickSeq | [
"Biology"
] | 871 | [
"Genetics techniques",
"DNA sequencing methods",
"DNA sequencing"
] |
55,148,719 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total%20carbon | Total carbon (TC) is an analytical parameter representing the concentration of carbon in a sample. TC includes carbon in any form, whether organic or inorganic, volatile or fixed, dissolved or suspended. In many application areas, rather than TC, a parameter representing of subset of TC is measured; examples include To... | Total carbon | [
"Chemistry",
"Environmental_science"
] | 93 | [
"Water quality indicators",
"Water pollution"
] |
55,150,270 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directive%202012/18/EU | Directive 2012/18/EU or the Seveso-III Directive (full title: Directive 2012/18/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 July 2012 on the control of major-accident hazards involving dangerous substances, amending and subsequently repealing Council Directive 96/82/EC) is a European Union directive aimed at ... | Directive 2012/18/EU | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 811 | [
"Regulation of chemicals in the European Union",
"Safety engineering",
"Regulation of chemicals",
"Process safety",
"Chemical process engineering"
] |
55,160,898 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic%20properties%20of%20graphene | Graphene is a semimetal whose conduction and valence bands meet at the Dirac points, which are six locations in momentum space, the vertices of its hexagonal Brillouin zone, divided into two non-equivalent sets of three points. The two sets are labeled K and K′. The sets give graphene a valley degeneracy of . By contra... | Electronic properties of graphene | [
"Physics"
] | 3,167 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Electrical phenomena"
] |
55,164,426 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chappuis%20absorption | Chappuis absorption () refers to the absorption of electromagnetic radiation by ozone, which is especially noticeable in the ozone layer, which absorbs a small part of sunlight in the visible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. The Chappuis absorption bands occur at wavelengths between 400 and 650 nm. Within this ... | Chappuis absorption | [
"Physics"
] | 1,378 | [
"Optical phenomena",
"Physical phenomena",
"Atmospheric optical phenomena",
"Earth phenomena"
] |
36,531,196 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalent%20Concrete%20Performance%20Concept | According to the Equivalent Concrete Performance Concept a concrete composition, deviating from the EN 206-1, can still be accepted, provided that certain conditions are fulfilled.
Conditions
A concrete composition not composed by the standard EN 206–1, can be acknowledged, only if the new concrete shows a performanc... | Equivalent Concrete Performance Concept | [
"Engineering"
] | 538 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Concrete"
] |
36,532,828 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tbf5%20protein%20domain | In molecular biology, this protein domain represents Tbf5 which stands for TTDA subunit of TFIIH basal transcription factor complex (also known as subunit 5 of RNA polymerase II transcription factor B), and Rex1 a type of nucleotide excision repair (NER) proteins. Nucleotide excision repair is a major pathway for rep... | Tbf5 protein domain | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 542 | [
"Transcription factors",
"Gene expression",
"Protein classification",
"Signal transduction",
"Protein domains",
"Protein families",
"Induced stem cells"
] |
36,535,054 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry%20Barish | Barry Clark Barish (born January 27, 1936) is an American experimental physicist and Nobel Laureate. He is a Linde Professor of Physics, emeritus at California Institute of Technology and a leading expert on gravitational waves.
In 2017, Barish was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics along with Rainer Weiss and Kip Tho... | Barry Barish | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 2,093 | [
"Astronomical sub-disciplines",
"Gravitational-wave astronomy",
"Astrophysics"
] |
36,536,284 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truncated%2016-cell%20honeycomb | In four-dimensional Euclidean geometry, the truncated 16-cell honeycomb (or cantic tesseractic honeycomb) is a uniform space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb) in Euclidean 4-space. It is constructed by 24-cell and truncated 16-cell facets.
Alternate names
Truncated hexadecachoric tetracomb / Truncated hexadecachori... | Truncated 16-cell honeycomb | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 351 | [
"Honeycombs (geometry)",
"Truncated tilings",
"Tessellation",
"Crystallography",
"Symmetry"
] |
36,541,651 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecovative%20Design | Ecovative Design LLC is a materials company headquartered in Green Island, New York, that provides sustainable alternatives to plastics and polystyrene foams for packaging, building materials and other applications by using mushroom technology.
History
Ecovative was developed from a university project of founders Eben... | Ecovative Design | [
"Physics",
"Biology"
] | 1,090 | [
"Biomaterials",
"Materials",
"Matter",
"Medical technology"
] |
40,735,644 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darienine | Darienine is an anti-cholinergic alkaloid.
References
Pyridine alkaloids
Heterocyclic compounds with 3 rings
Nitrogen heterocycles
Methoxy compounds
Ketones | Darienine | [
"Chemistry"
] | 44 | [
"Ketones",
"Pyridine alkaloids",
"Alkaloids by chemical classification",
"Functional groups"
] |
40,735,675 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C3%A9nard%E2%80%93Chipart%20criterion | In control theory, the Liénard–Chipart criterion is a stability criterion modified from the Routh–Hurwitz stability criterion, proposed in 1914 by French physicists A. Liénard and M. H. Chipart. This criterion has a computational advantage over the Routh–Hurwitz criterion because it involves only about half the number ... | Liénard–Chipart criterion | [
"Mathematics"
] | 276 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Stability theory",
"Applied mathematics stubs",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
46,759,796 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACOT13 | Acyl-CoA thioesterase 13 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ACOT13 gene. This gene encodes a member of the thioesterase superfamily. In humans, the protein co-localizes with microtubules and is essential for sustained cell proliferation.
Structure
The orthologous mouse protein forms a homotetramer and is a... | ACOT13 | [
"Chemistry"
] | 668 | [
"Biomolecules by chemical classification",
"Proteins",
"Molecular biology"
] |
46,760,498 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier%20ptychography | Fourier ptychography is a computational imaging technique based on optical microscopy that consists in the synthesis of a wider numerical aperture from a set of full-field images acquired at various coherent illumination angles,
resulting in increased resolution compared to a conventional microscope.
Each image is acq... | Fourier ptychography | [
"Chemistry"
] | 669 | [
"Microscopy"
] |
46,767,247 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy%20cascade | In continuum mechanics, an energy cascade involves the transfer of energy from large scales of motion to the small scales (called a direct energy cascade) or a transfer of energy from the small scales to the large scales (called an inverse energy cascade). This transfer of energy between different scales requires that ... | Energy cascade | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,227 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Turbulence",
"Water waves",
"Waves",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
46,769,662 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relic%20abundance | In cosmology, the relic abundance of a given elementary particle is a measure of the present quantity of that particle remaining from the Big Bang.
Uses
Relic abundance is modelled for WIMPs (weakly interacting massive particles) in the study of dark matter.
Calculation
Assuming that an elementary particle was former... | Relic abundance | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 151 | [
"Astronomical sub-disciplines",
"Theoretical physics",
"Astrophysics",
"Particle physics",
"Particle physics stubs",
"Physical cosmology"
] |
49,710,013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palladium%E2%80%93NHC%20complex | In organometallic chemistry, palladium-NHC complexes are a family of organopalladium compounds in which palladium forms a coordination complex with N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs). They have been investigated for applications in homogeneous catalysis,
particularly cross-coupling reactions.
Synthesis
The synthesis of P... | Palladium–NHC complex | [
"Chemistry"
] | 771 | [
"Catalysis",
"Carbon-carbon bond forming reactions",
"Organic reactions",
"Chemical kinetics",
"Organometallic chemistry"
] |
49,714,181 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bis%28trifluoromethyl%29peroxide | Bis(trifluoromethyl)peroxide (BTP) is a fluorocarbon derivative first produced by Frédéric Swarts. It has some utility as a radical initiator for polymerisation reactions. BTP is unusual in the fact that, unlike many peroxides, it is a gas, is non-explosive, and has good thermal stability.
History
BTP was first synth... | Bis(trifluoromethyl)peroxide | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 965 | [
"Matter",
"Phases of matter",
"Organic compounds",
"Statistical mechanics",
"Gases",
"Organic peroxides"
] |
49,716,057 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SACEM%20%28railway%20system%29 | The Système d'aide à la conduite, à l'exploitation et à la maintenance (SACEM) is an embedded, automatic speed train protection system for rapid transit railways. The name means "Driver Assistance, Operation, and Maintenance System".
It was developed in France by GEC-Alsthom, Matra (now part of Siemens Mobility) and C... | SACEM (railway system) | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 436 | [
"Embedded systems",
"Computer science",
"Computer engineering",
"Computer systems"
] |
49,726,991 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential%20Emergency%20Facility | A Presidential Emergency Facility (PEF), also called Presidential Emergency Relocation Centers and VIP Evacuation and Support Facilities, is a fortified, working residence intended for use by the president of the United States should normal presidential residences, such as the White House or Camp David, be destroyed or... | Presidential Emergency Facility | [
"Chemistry"
] | 537 | [
"Radioactivity",
"Nuclear warfare"
] |
49,729,992 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid%20argument%20%28cryptography%29 | In cryptography, the hybrid argument is a proof technique used to show that two distributions are computationally indistinguishable.
History
Hybrid arguments had their origin in a papers by Andrew Yao in 1982 and Shafi Goldwasser and Silvio Micali in 1983.
Formal description
Formally, to show two distributions D1 and... | Hybrid argument (cryptography) | [
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 386 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Cryptography",
"Cybersecurity engineering"
] |
30,073,529 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C22H26O11 | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C22H26O11}}
The molecular formula C22H26O11 (molar mass: 466.43 g/mol, exact mass: 466.147512 u) may refer to:
Agnuside
Curculigoside A
Molecular formulas | C22H26O11 | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 65 | [
"Molecules",
"Set index articles on molecular formulas",
"Isomerism",
"Molecular formulas",
"Matter"
] |
30,079,285 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San%20Buenaventura%20Conservancy | The San Buenaventura Conservancy for Preservation is an historic preservation organization in Ventura, California also known by its early name of San Buenaventura. It works to recognize and revitalize historic, archeological and cultural resources in the region. The Conservancy is a non-profit 501c3 organization. The g... | San Buenaventura Conservancy | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,426 | [
"Architectural history",
"Architecture"
] |
57,042,156 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractionation%20of%20carbon%20isotopes%20in%20oxygenic%20photosynthesis | Photosynthesis converts carbon dioxide to carbohydrates via several metabolic pathways that provide energy to an organism and preferentially react with certain stable isotopes of carbon. The selective enrichment of one stable isotope over another creates distinct isotopic fractionations that can be measured and correla... | Fractionation of carbon isotopes in oxygenic photosynthesis | [
"Chemistry"
] | 3,885 | [
"Isotopes of carbon",
"Isotopes"
] |
57,042,704 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tubular%20Exchanger%20Manufacturers%20Association | The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association (also known as TEMA) is an association of fabricators of shell and tube type heat exchangers. TEMA has established and maintains a set of construction standards for heat exchangers, known as the TEMA Standard. TEMA also produces software for evaluation of flow-induced vi... | Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 585 | [
"Chemical equipment",
"Heat exchangers",
"Mechanical engineering",
"Manufacturing"
] |
57,044,077 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical%20Devices%20Park%2C%20Hyderabad | Medical Devices Park, Hyderabad is a medical devices industrial estate located in Hyderabad, Telangana, India. The largest such Park in India spread over 250 acres. The dedicated park's ecosystem supports medical technology innovation and manufacturing.
History
The Park was inaugurated on 17 June 2017 near Hyderabad a... | Medical Devices Park, Hyderabad | [
"Biology"
] | 122 | [
"nan",
"Biotechnology"
] |
57,047,243 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetric%20power | In mathematics, the n-th symmetric power of an object X is the quotient of the n-fold product by the permutation action of the symmetric group .
More precisely, the notion exists at least in the following three areas:
In linear algebra, the n-th symmetric power of a vector space V is the vector subspace of the symmet... | Symmetric power | [
"Physics"
] | 174 | [
"Symmetric relations",
"Symmetry"
] |
43,605,100 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Alvin%20Weinberg%20Foundation | The Alvin Weinberg Foundation was a registered UK charity, operating under the name Weinberg Next Nuclear, that campaigned for research and development into next-generation nuclear energy. In particular, it advocated advancement of liquid fluoride thorium reactor (LFTR) and other molten salt reactor (MSR) technologies.... | The Alvin Weinberg Foundation | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 212 | [
"Nuclear energy",
"Radioactivity",
"Nuclear physics"
] |
43,605,222 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COART | COART (Coupled Ocean-Atmospheric Radiative Transfer code) - COART is established on the Coupled DIScrete Ordinate Radiative Transfer (Coupled DISORT or CDISORT) code, developed from DISORT. It is designed to simulate radiance (including water-leaving radiance) and irradiance (flux) at any levels in the atmosphere and o... | COART | [
"Physics"
] | 302 | [
"Computational physics stubs",
"Computational physics"
] |
32,341,352 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum%20pendulum | The quantum pendulum is fundamental in understanding hindered internal rotations in chemistry, quantum features of scattering atoms, as well as numerous other quantum phenomena. Though a pendulum not subject to the small-angle approximation has an inherent nonlinearity, the Schrödinger equation for the quantized syste... | Quantum pendulum | [
"Physics"
] | 563 | [
"Quantum models",
"Quantum mechanics"
] |
32,342,900 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultrafast%20X-ray | Ultrafast X-rays or ultrashort X-ray pulses are femtosecond x-ray pulses with wavelengths occurring at interatomic distances. This beam uses the X-ray's inherent abilities to interact at the level of atomic nuclei and core electrons. This ability combined with the shorter pulses at 30 femtosecond could capture the chan... | Ultrafast X-ray | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 301 | [
"X-rays",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Electromagnetic spectrum",
"Scattering",
"Diffraction",
"Crystallography",
"Particle physics",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Nuclear physics",
"Spectroscopy"
] |
45,444,629 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple%20car%20project | From 2014 until 2024, Apple undertook a research and development effort to develop an electric and self-driving car, codenamed "Project Titan". Apple never openly discussed any of its automotive research, but around 5,000 employees were reported to be working on the project In May 2018, Apple reportedly partnered with... | Apple car project | [
"Engineering"
] | 3,495 | [
"Automotive engineering",
"Self-driving cars"
] |
45,445,059 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resilience%20%28materials%20science%29 | In material science, resilience is the ability of a material to absorb energy when it is deformed elastically, and release that energy upon unloading. Proof resilience is defined as the maximum energy that can be absorbed up to the elastic limit, without creating a permanent distortion. The modulus of resilience is def... | Resilience (materials science) | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science"
] | 506 | [
"Deformation (mechanics)",
"Physical phenomena",
"Physical properties",
"Elasticity (physics)"
] |
45,449,252 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spot%20height | A spot height is an exact point on a map with an elevation recorded beside it that represents its height above a given datum. In the UK this is the Ordnance Datum. Unlike a bench-mark, which is marked by a disc or plate, there is no official indication of a spot height on the ground although, in open country, spot heig... | Spot height | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 127 | [
"Vertical position",
"Physical quantities",
"Distance",
"Applied mathematics",
"Surveying",
"Civil engineering",
"Geodesy"
] |
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