id stringlengths 9 18 | question stringlengths 4 4.81k | choices listlengths 2 13 | full_answer stringlengths 4 180 | dataset stringclasses 5
values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
mmlu_train_44443 | The economic growth that many nations in Asia and increasingly Africa have experienced over the past couple of decades has transformed hundreds of millions of lives - almost entirely for the better. But there's a _ to that growth, one that's evident - or sometimes less than evident - in the smoggy, smelly skies above cities like Beijing, New Delhi and Jakarta. Thanks to new cars and power plants, air pollution is bad and getting worse in much of the world, and it's taking a major toll (,) on global health. How big? According to a new analysis published in the Lancet, more than 3.2 million people suffered deaths from air pollution in 2010, the largest number on record. That's up from 800,000 in 2000. And it's a regional problem: 65% of those deaths occurred in Asia, where the air is choked by diesel soot from cars and trucks, as well as the song from power plants and the dust from endless urban construction. In East Asia and China, 1.2 million people died, as well as another 712,000 in South Asia, including India. For the first time ever, air pollution is on the world's top - 10 list of killers, and it's moving up the ranks faster than any other factor. So how can air pollution be so damaging? It is the very finest soot - so small that it roots deep within the lungs and then enters the bloodstream - that contributes to most of the public - health toll of air pollution including death. Diesel soot, which can also cause cancer, is a major problem because it is concentrated in cities along transportation zones affecting overpopulated areas. It is thought to contribute to half the deaths from air pollution in urban centers. Fro example, 1 in 6 people in the U.S. live near a diesel - pollution hot spot like a rail yard, port terminal or freeway. We also know that air pollution may be linked to other non - deadly diseases. Fortunately in the U.S. and other developed nations, urban air is for the most part cleaner than it was 30 or 40 years ago, thanks to regulations and new technologies like the catalytic converters that reduce automobile emissions. Govemments are also pushing to make air cleaner - see the White House's move last week to further tighten soot standards. It's not perfect, but we've had much more success dealing with air pollution than climate change. Will developing nations like India eventually catch up? Hopefully - though the problem may get worse before it gets better. The good news is that it doesn't take a major technological advance to improve urban air. Switching from diesel fuel to unleaded helps, as do newer and cleaner cars which are less likely to send out pollutants. Power plants - even ones that burn mineral fuels like coal - can be fitted with pollution - control equipment that, at a price, will greatly reduce smog and other pollutants. But the best solutions may involve urban design. In the Guardian, John Vidal notes that Delhi now has 200 cars per 1,000 people, far more than much richer Asian cities like Hong Kong and Singapore. Developing cities will almost certainly see an increase in car ownership as residents become wealthier - and that doesn't have to mean deadly air pollution. Higher incomes should also lead to tougher environmental regulations, which is exactly what happened in the West. We can only hope it happens before the death toll from bad air gets even higher. According to the passage, the writer actually wants to convince the readers that _ . | [
"the global economic growth is mainly to blame for air pollution and climate change",
"the developing countries are repeating the same mistakes as the developed ones made",
"the ecological situation and air pollution in India are becoming worse and worse",
"the unbeatable air is increasingly becoming a major ... | D. the unbeatable air is increasingly becoming a major killer throughout the world | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_31890 | Young children from poor families are more likely to consume junk food and fizzy drinks than their richer companions. A study of 1,800 four- and five-year-olds found more than half of those from poor backgrounds drank at least one a week, compared to just four in ten _ kids. They also drank less milk and consumed more fruit juice which is also linked to child obesity caused by high sugar intake . The phenomenon also relates to children who spend more than two hours a day in front of a TV or playing computer games--whatever their social circumstances. A companion study also found children from poor families were more likely to eat chips, sweets and chocolate. Professor Kate Storey said, "when you are looking at that age group, and such a large percentage of very young kids in the study are consuming a large amount of soda ,it is quite concerning. " The researchers carried out the study by surveying the parents of their participants to find out their dietary habits. Professor Storey said, "If you are drinking a lot of soda and fruit juice, they can displace consumption of water and milk, which are important not just for ending thirst, but for developing healthy bones and teeth, and health and wellness in general." Co-researcher Dr John Spence said, "Dietary behavior and intake patterns are influenced heavily by what happens in the first few years with children, and they maintain those patterns throughout childhood and into adolescence ." In addition to basic health education, this study identifies a need in how we are dealing with poverty and recognizing there is more to poverty than simply the number of dollars people have. Professor Storey said that shows how education can make a difference and lead to healthier eating habits, regardless of what is happening at home. "Many families live in places that might not be very healthy for them and, as a result, they make unhealthy food choices. You can start making a difference in different places. It calls for action in multiple settings, schools and communities, for example. That light-bulb moment can happen in a variety of places," Professor Storey added. According to Dr John Spence, children's habits in the early stage of life can even affect _ . | [
"their attitude towards life",
"their living patterns of youth",
"health in their old age",
"living quality of all their life"
] | B. their living patterns of youth | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_9227 | Make the most of college Dear Daughter, As we drove off from Columbia, I wanted to write a letter to you to tell you all that is on my mind. First, I want to tell you how proud we are. Getting into Columbia is a real testament of what a great well-rounded student you are. You should be as proud of yourself as we are. Your college years will be the most important of your life. It is in college that you will discover what learning is about. This will be the period where you go from teacher-taught to master-inspired, after which you must become self-learner. So do take each subject seriously, and even if what you learn isn't critical for your life, the learning skills you acquire will be something you will cherish forever. Follow your passion in college. Take courses you think you will enjoy. Don't be trapped by what others think or say, but make up your own mind. Most importantly, make friends and be happy. College friends are often the best in life. Pick a few friends and become really close to them - pick the ones who are genuine to you. Don't worry about their hobbies, grades, looks or even personalities. Start planning early - what would you like to do? Where would you like to live? What would you like to learn? I think your plan to study fashion is good, and you should decide where you want to be, and get onto the right courses. Whether it is summer-planning, or coursework planning, or picking a major, or managing your time, you should take control of your life. I will always be there for you, but the time has come for you to be in the driver's seat - this is your life, and you need to be in control. Being in control feels great. Try it, and you'll love it! College is the four years where you have: l The greatest amount of free time l the first chance to be independent l the most flexibility to change l the lowest risk for making mistakes So please treasure your college years - make the best of your free time, become an independent thinker in control of your destiny, be to experiment, learn and grow through your successes and challenges. May your years at Columbia be the happiest of your life, and may you blossom into just what you dream to be. Love, Dad (&Mom) From the text, we can conclude the father _ . | [
"is worried about his daughter",
"is strict with his daughter",
"is optimistic about his daughter's future",
"is sad that his daughter is leaving home"
] | C. is optimistic about his daughter's future | mmlu_train |
arc_easy_871 | What is the first step in designing a product? | [
"model a solution",
"communicate the solution",
"identify the need or want",
"build a prototype"
] | C. identify the need or want | arc_easy |
arc_easy_1835 | Which of the following would most likely happen if grasses and shrubs were removed from a rural Massachusetts ecosystem? | [
"There would be an increase in consumers in the ecosystem.",
"There would be an increase of photosynthesis in the ecosystem.",
"There would be a decrease in food energy produced by the ecosystem.",
"There would be a decrease of carbon dioxide available to the ecosystem."
] | C. There would be a decrease in food energy produced by the ecosystem. | arc_easy |
arc_challenge_848 | Which of the following is a by-product of cellular respiration in animals? | [
"oxygen",
"heat",
"sugar",
"protein"
] | B. heat | arc_challenge |
aquarat_30397 | 10 men and 15 women together can complete a work in 3 days. It takes 100 days for one man alone to complete the same work. How many days will be required for one woman alone to complete the same work? | [
"1 2/7 days",
"64 2/7 days",
"1 7/7 days",
"1 8/7 days",
"62 2/5 days"
] | B. 64 2/7 days | aquarat |
aquarat_40353 | A and B complete a job in 6 days. A alone can do the job in 18 days. If B works alone, how many days will it take to complete the job? | [
"8",
"9",
"10",
"11",
"12"
] | B. 9 | aquarat |
aquarat_16966 | The vertices of a rectangle in the standard (x,y) coordinate place are (0,0), (0,4), (10,0) and (10,4). If a line through (1,1) partitions the interior of this rectangle into 2 regions that have equal areas, what is the slope of this line? | [
"1/2",
"1/3",
"1/4",
"1/5",
"1/6"
] | C. 1/4 | aquarat |
arc_challenge_164 | Which is most likely needed when describing the change in position of an object? | [
"initial speed",
"direction change",
"reference point",
"constant rate"
] | C. reference point | arc_challenge |
mmlu_train_24573 | When a big exam is coming up, you probably feel anxious about any wasted time and want to begin school as soon as you probably can. But tens of thousands of British high school students will soon be getting up later. They're taking part in a new experiment by Oxford University to see if later classes can improve their exam results. Grades 10 students in the UK have to take the nationwide General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) exams. They have to pass these exams in order to study more advanced courses, and later apply for universities. The Oxford University project means that GCSE students from more than 100 schools across England will start school at 10 am, more than one hour later than the current start time (8:50 am). The project is based on scientific evidence that teenagers are "out of sync " with traditional school hours, the Telegraph reported. And what they need is more sleep in the morning. "We know that something funny happens when you're a teenager, in that you seem to be out of sync with the world," said professor Colin Epsie, who is leading the study. "Your parents think it's because you are lazy and opinionated and everything will be OK if you could get to sleep earlier. But science is telling us that teenagers need to sleep more in the mornings." Everyone follows a natural cycle of sleep and wakefulne ss. Biology has decided that teenagers go to sleep around midnight and don't feel fully awake until 9-10 am, according to scientists. That's two hours later than adults. And their body clocks stay like this until the age of around 21 for males, and 19 for females. "Society provides school for learning, but the brain provides sleep. So we are exploring the possibility that if you delay the schools start time until 10 am, that will improve learning performance," said Epsie. The results could be positive, based on previous studies. An early study at the UK's Monkseaton High School in 2009 found that starting an hour later improved grades in core subjects by 19 percent. The Oxford project is expecting to publish the results in 2018. It's time to wait and see whether scientists will give us an excuse to get up late. According to the article, students who take part in the Oxford University project _ . | [
"will start school one hour earlier",
"will no longer have to take GCSE exams",
"will perform better academically than those who don't participate",
"will be guaranteed more sleeping time in the morning"
] | D. will be guaranteed more sleeping time in the morning | mmlu_train |
aquarat_20397 | Suzy has a lot of skeins of yarn, she has blue, yellow, and red yarn. She has twice as much blue yarn as yellow yarn, and she has twice as much yellow yarn as she has red yarn. If she has X skeins of yarn, how many of the skeins are red, in terms of X? | [
"X/8",
"X/7",
"X/6",
"X/5",
"X/4"
] | B. X/7 | aquarat |
m1_pref_121 | You are working on a dataset with lots of outliers, and want to perform a regression task. Everything else being equal, and assuming that you do not do any pre-processing, which loss function will be less affected by these outliers? | [
"$\\mathcal{L}(y, \\hat{y})= (y - \\hat{y})^2$ (MSE)",
"$\\mathcal{L}(y, \\hat{y})= |y - \\hat{y}|$ (MAE)"
] | B. $\mathcal{L}(y, \hat{y})= |y - \hat{y}|$ (MAE) | m1_pref |
aquarat_38559 | The lengths of the legs of a right triangle are x and y, while the length of the hypotenuse is
x + y- 4. What is the maximum radius of a circle inscribed in this triangle? | [
"1",
"2",
"4",
"22",
"cannot be determined from the information given"
] | B. 2 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_1325 | A scientist studies the remains of two extinct animals to learn more about how they lived. She determines that one animal was a carnivore and the other was an herbivore. Which of the following did the scientist most likely compare to make this conclusion? | [
"the number of bones in the animals",
"the size of the animals",
"the body covering of the animals",
"the skull of the animals"
] | D. the skull of the animals | mmlu_train |
arc_easy_172 | All organisms contain DNA and RNA. What are the subunits of DNA and RNA? | [
"simple sugars",
"amino acids",
"carbohydrates",
"nucleotides"
] | D. nucleotides | arc_easy |
mmlu_train_96958 | A thing may be changed on a chemical level after | [
"putting it in a tree",
"making it pay rent",
"setting it on fire",
"looking at it through a mirror"
] | C. setting it on fire | mmlu_train |
arc_easy_1093 | There is a thunderstorm close to your house. The windows rattle at the same time that you hear the thunder. What causes the windows to rattle? | [
"Sound waves from the thunder",
"Light from the lightning",
"Rain from the clouds",
"The high humidity during the storm"
] | A. Sound waves from the thunder | arc_easy |
aquarat_43606 | If 20% of a class averages 80% on a test, 50% of the class averages 60% on the test, and the remainder of the class averages 40% on the test, what is the overall class average? | [
"80%",
"74%",
"58%",
"56%",
"50%"
] | C. 58% | aquarat |
arc_challenge_103 | A species lives in a region that changes over time from temperate to tropical. The survival of the species will be most probable if the species can do which of the following? | [
"reduce the energy requirements",
"adapt to exploit changed resources",
"interbreed with similar tropical organisms",
"emigrate before the change is complete"
] | B. adapt to exploit changed resources | arc_challenge |
mmlu_train_22563 | The Internet is not perfect. There are many problems with it. The Internet is not organized. There is no one in charge of the Internet. It is sometimes difficult to find what you are looking for. It is also easy to get the wrong information on the "Net". Some businessmen cheat people on the Internet. Internet thieves can steal credit card numbers. Some advertisers send spam to e-mail boxes. E-mail boxes are often filled with these unwanted advertisements. Illegal businesses can operate on the Internet. These businesses sell X-rated materials, cigarettes and alcohol to teenagers. The Internet has websites with information about making bombs, breaking the law and terrorism. Criminals can fool people, especially children, in chat rooms. They can spread poisonous information and attack new members. The Internet is the greatest advance in communication since human emerged. But it can also like a dark alley in a dangerous part of town. Parents need to set parental controls on their children when they use the Internet. This will keep some of the bad material away from their children. The Internet can be dangerous to computers, too. Some people who have evil intentions enjoy causing problems for other people they don't even know. They create computer viruses. A computer can get virus by downloading a program that has a virus in it. Some virus come by e-mail. A virus can destroy the data a person has saved in computer files. A virus can cause a computer to crash. A virus can also reproduce itself! It can send copies of itself to everyone on a person's e-mail address list. Then these people's will have the same problems and can't work normally! Why can illegal businesses operate on the Internet? | [
"Because some people like to buy banned products on the Internet.",
"Because there is no one in charge of the Internet.",
"Because X-rated materials, cigarettes, alcohol and so on can be sold well on the Internet.",
"Because people who operate businesses on the Internet are criminals."
] | B. Because there is no one in charge of the Internet. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_98712 | For what purpose does a plant light serve? | [
"Mimic sunlight",
"Comfort them",
"Keep plants cool",
"Protect from bugs"
] | A. Mimic sunlight | mmlu_train |
arc_challenge_335 | In the 1500s, Nicolaus Copernicus proposed a new theory on the heliocentric structure of the solar system. Which of these statements best describes this new theory? | [
"Earth is at the center of the solar system.",
"There are eight planets in the solar system.",
"The Sun is at the center of the solar system.",
"Moons have circular orbits in the solar system."
] | C. The Sun is at the center of the solar system. | arc_challenge |
aquarat_51007 | The H.C.F. of two numbers is 20 and the other two factors of their L.C.M. are 11 and 15. The larger of the two numbers is: | [
"276",
"300",
"299",
"322",
"345"
] | B. 300 | aquarat |
aquarat_14426 | A certain sum of money is divided among A, B and C such that A gets one-third of what B and C together get and B gets two-seventh of what A and C together get. If the amount received by A is $30 more than that received by B, find the total amount shared by A, B and C. | [
"$1080",
"$1180",
"$1280",
"$1380",
"$1480"
] | A. $1080 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_92464 | Do you play a musical instrument? If so, you may be getting smarter. A recent study shows that taking music lessons can raise a person's IQ. Scientists studied 132 children in Canadian schools. At the beginning of the school year, these children took an IQ test. Then they were divided into four groups. One group took singing lessons. Another group took weekly piano lessons. The third group took classes in drams . And the last group did no special activities at all. At the end of the school year, the 132 children took an IQ test again. In all four groups, the average score went up. However, the piano players'IQs went up 7.0 points on average. The average increase for the other three groups was only 4.3 points. The researchers say that the difference is small and it may not result in better grades for the piano players. However, _ still consider the results important. Learning an instrument helps kids becomes better at concentrating and at memorizing things. Therefore, the researchers say, it may be good for brain development in young people. If you have a chance to learn to play a musical instrument, never miss it. Remember it can make you smarter. Which of the following is NOT true of the study? | [
"It was done in Canada.",
"It was done by some musicians.",
"It included four groups of children.",
"It took one school year to complete."
] | B. It was done by some musicians. | mmlu_train |
aquarat_42748 | A trader purchased two colour televisions for a total of Rs. 35000. He sold one colour television at 30% profit and the other 40% profit. Find the difference in the cost prices of the two televisions if he made an overall profit of 32%? | [
"21000",
"21007",
"21004",
"21009",
"21001"
] | A. 21000 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_61682 | Rae and Bruce Hostetler not only work very hard,they also relax just as well. Numerous vacations help the couple to maintain their health and emotional well-being-and it's no surprise to health care professionals. "Rest,relaxation, and stress reduction are very important for people's weLl-being and health. This can be accomplished through daily activities,such as exercise and meditation,but vacation is an important part of this as well," said primary care physician Natasha Withers from One Medical Group in New York. Withers lists a decreased risk of heart disease and improved reaction time as some of the benefits from taking some time off. "We also know that the mind is very powerful and can help with healing,so a rested,relaxed mind is able to help the body heal better," said Withers. Psychologists confirm the value of vacations for the mind. " The impact that taking a vacation has on one's mental health is great," said Francine Lederer,a clinical psychologist in Los Angeles who specializes in stress and relationship management. " Most people have better life perspective and are more motivated to achieve their goals after a vacation,even if it is a 24- hour time-out. " The trips could be good for their health,good for their family and good for their .businesses. The online travel agency Expedia conducted a survey about vacation time in 2010,and according to their data the average American eamed 18 vacation days-but only used 14 0f them. France topped the list,with the average worker earning 37 vacation days and using all but two of them. Americans' responses may not be surprising in a culture where long hours on the job often are valued,but that's not always good for the individual,the family or the employer. Psychologists have also found that people who don't take enough time to relax may find it harder to relax in the future. "Without time and opportunity to do this,the nerve connections that produce feelings of calm and peacefulness become weaker,making it actually more difficult to shift into less-stressed states," Mulhern said. How did the author introduce the topic of the text? | [
"By making comparisons,",
"By giving an example.",
"By raising questions.",
"By providing data."
] | B. By giving an example. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_28962 | Getting in touch with nature can help keep people fit, reducing the burden of sickness on the health service, conservation experts say. Natural England is starting a campaign to get people to spend more time outside among the country's wildlife and natural environment. The aim of the campaign is to get people to have more contact with nature by promoting green spaces and encouraging health professionals to incorporate (......) the thought into the advice and care plans that they give to patients. Being close to nature can cut stress and increase physical activity. Dr. William Bird from Natural England said: "Increasing evidence suggests that both physical and mental health are improved through contact with nature. Yet people are having less contact with nature than at any time in the past. This has to change. Children with attention disorders have been shown to improve when they have contact with nature. People recovering from operations have been shown to need fewer painkillers if they look out at green fields." He also said people were more likely to keep up with their regular exercise in natural settings, rather than in a gym or leisure centre. Natural England is working with the BBC and more than 300 partners to promote its campaign, which will be the first of four campaigns to get people more involved in nature. Liz Cleaver, from the BBC, said: "These campaigns now provide the public with the opportunity to get outside and to get actively involved in nature close to where they live. That's great for wildlife --but it's also fantastic for everyone's health and well-being." The campaign has also received support from the government. Dr. Fiona Adshead, England's deputy chief medical officer, said: "I welcome Natural England's commitment to encourage and enable people to make use of the country's outdoor space for physical activity." What is the best title for the text? | [
"Being in Contact with Nature Is Good for Health",
"How to Protect Wild Animals in the UK",
"An Introduction to Natural England",
"A Campaign that Helps People Get Closer to Nature"
] | D. A Campaign that Helps People Get Closer to Nature | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_40300 | Lots of folks don't think about what they eat over the holiday season until January, when they stare sadly at the number on the scale and then hurry off to hit the gym, join Weight Watchers or pick up the latest diet book. It doesn't have to be that way. Health experts say you can still enjoy the holidays. "It's OK to indulge , but it doesn't mean you have to gain weight," said Karen Ansel, a New York-based registered dietitian and a spokeswoman for the American Dietetic Association (ADA). Jessica Crandall, a registered dietitian from Denver who's also an ADA spokeswoman, added that gaining weight during the holidays and then working hard to lose it again is not good for a person's body. For starters, people interested in maintaining their weight during the holidays should keep eating on a regular schedule, the two dietitians said. Research has shown that people who skip meals -- particularly breakfast -- end up eating more throughout the day. "Try and stick to consistent meal times so you can avoid being overly hungry," Crandall said. "When you're overly hungry, you can make some bad decisions regarding what you eat. Don't starve yourself during the day waiting for that party at night -- because you'll eat too much or overeat." Ansel suggests that you think now about the foods you really enjoy and plan to focus on those while eating less of more common fare. Be careful, too, about alcohol intake, for a couple of reasons. Alcoholic drinks, particularly the fancy ones handed out at holiday time, tend to come loaded with calories. "It's usually what you're adding to a drink that contains the calories," Crandall said. Also, if you're drunk, you might forget to watch what you're eating. "It totally lowers your inhibitions ," Ansel said. Other holiday eating tips, suggested by Crandall and Ansel, include: *Eat lots of vegetables, and eat them first before moving on to the other items on your plate. *Recognize that many holiday extras, like cheese or cranberry sauce, come loaded with calories. "If those aren't your favorite foods, don't put them on your plate," Crandall said. *If your favorite food has a lot of calories, be sure to minimize your portion. "Two bites cure the craving," Crandall said. "After that, you're just really feeding your old habits. *After a big holiday meal, don't sink into a chair or couch. Go for a walk outdoors or participate in some other activities that help burn off some of the calories you've just eaten. Ansel asks people wishing to keep slim not to skip meals because _ . | [
"it will do harm to their stomachs.",
"being overly hungry will make them feel not well",
"it may make them eat more",
"it might let them make bad decisions on important occasion"
] | C. it may make them eat more | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_4508 | Which of the following processes is responsible for changing liquid water into water vapor? | [
"photosynthesis",
"condensation",
"evaporation",
"precipitation"
] | C. evaporation | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_12429 | The food we eat seems to have great effects on our health. Although science has made great steps in making food more fit to eat, it has, at the same time, made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of all human illnesses are related to diet and forty percent of cancer is related to diet as well. Different cultures are subject to certain illnesses because of the food that is characteristic in these cultures. That food is related to illness is not a new discovery. In 1945, government researchers realized that nitrates and nitrites , commonly used to keep color in meats, and other food additives, caused cancer. Yet, these additives remain in our food, and it becomes more difficult all the time to know which things on the packaging labels of processed food are helpful or harmful. The additives which we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to cows and chick and because of this, penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cows. Sometimes similar drugs are given to animals not for medicinal purposes, but for financial reasons. The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to get a higher price on the market. Although the FDA has tried repeatedly to control these, the practices continue. What are nitrates used for? | [
"They help process packaged food.",
"They keep the color in meats.",
"They cure diseases of cows and chickens.",
"They cause the animals to become fatter."
] | B. They keep the color in meats. | mmlu_train |
arc_easy_242 | In an investigation, a student wants to see how a ball is affected by rolling it over a surface covered with sandpaper. In preparation for the trial, the student makes a list of the possible conditions that could affect the investigation. The student is most likely listing the | [
"constants.",
"variables.",
"controls.",
"trials."
] | B. variables. | arc_easy |
mmlu_train_38606 | Let's do some sleep math. You lost two hours of sleep every night last week because of a big project due on Friday. On Saturday and Sunday, you slept in, getting four extra hours. On Monday morning, you were feeling so bright-eyed, and you only had one cup of coffee, instead of your usual two. But don't be cheated by your energy: You're still carrying around a heavy load of sleepiness, or what experts call "sleep debt". Sleep debt is the difference between the amount of sleep you should get and the amount you actually get. It's a _ that grows every time we remove some minutes off our nightly sleep. "People get more and more sleep debt without noticing it," says William Dement, founder of the Stanford University Sleep Research Centre. Studies show that such short-term lack of sleep leads to a foggy brain, worsened eyesight, and trouble remembering. Long-term effects include obesity, and heart disease. A survey reports that we're losing one hour of sleep each night--more than two full weeks of sleep each year. The good news is that, like all debts, sleep debt can be paid off with some work. Adding an extra hour or two of sleep a night is the way to catch up. For the long-term lack of sleep, take it easy for a few months to get back into a natural sleep pattern . Go to bed when you are tired, and allow your body to wake you in the morning naturally (no alarm clock allowed). As you pay off sleep debt, your body will come to a rest at a sleep pattern that is particularly right for you. Sleep researchers believe that although the exact genes remain to be discovered, genes do determine our individual sleep patterns. That probably means you can't train yourself to be a "short sleeper" and you're fooling yourself if you think you've done it, so earn back that lost sleep and follow the orders of your inner sleep needs. When you put away sleep debt, you become a superman. The example of sleep math is used to show _ . | [
"how you build up your sleep debt",
"how you can pay off sleep debts at weekends",
"why you need enough sleep every night",
"why you should drink coffee to stay energetic"
] | A. how you build up your sleep debt | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_49167 | In the summer of 1978 an English farmer was driving his tractor through a field of wheat when he discovered that some of his wheat was lying flat on the ground. The fattened wheat formed a circle about six meters across. Around this circle were four smaller circles of flattened wheat. The five circles were in a formation like five dots. During the following years, farmers in England found the strange circles in their fields more and more often. The circles are called "crop circles" because they appear in the fields of grain - usually wheat or corn. The grain in the circles lies flat on the ground but never broken; it continues to grow, and farmers can later harvest it. Farmers always discover the crop circles in the morning, so the circles probably form at night. They appear only in the months from May to September. At first, people thought that the circles were a _ . Probably young people were making them as a joke, or farmers were making them to attract tourists. To prove that the circles were a hoax, people tried to make circles exactly like the ones that farmer had found. They couldn't do it. They couldn't enter a field of grain without leaving tracks , and they couldn't flatten the grain without breaking it. Many people believe that beings from outer space are making the circle to communicate with us from far away and that the crop circles are messages from them. Scientists who have studied the crop circles suggested several possibilities. Some scientists say that a downward rush of wind leads to the formation of the circles - the same downward rush of air that sometimes causes an airplane to crash. Other scientists say that forces within the earth cause the circles to appear. There is one problem with all these scientific explanations: crop circles often appear in formations, like the five-dot formation. It is hard to believe that any natural force could form those. Which of the following may prove that the crop circles are not made by man? | [
"The farmer couldn't step out of the field.",
"The farmers couldn't make the circles round.",
"The farmers couldn't leave without footprints.",
"The farmers couldn't keep the wheat straight up."
] | C. The farmers couldn't leave without footprints. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_49255 | Linus Pauling, the only person who has won two undivided Nobel Prizes, was born in Portland, Oregon. He attended Washington High School but because of an unimportant detail he did not receive his diploma until 1962, long after he had received his Bachelor's degree in chemical engineering from Oregon State College in 1922. He had chosen to study this major because he could get a good job with it. He won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1954 "for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the explanation of the structure of complex substances". His interest in the "behavior" of molecules led him from physical chemistry to biological chemistry, especially of the human body. He began with proteins and their main parts, the amino acids , which are called the "building blocks of life". In 1950, he constructed the first satisfactory model of a protein molecule, a discovery very important to the understanding of the living cell. During World War II, Pauling was a member of the Research Board for National Security, for which he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Merit in 1948. However, the use of the atomic bomb near the end of the war turned Pauling in a new direction. Having long worked on the structure of molecules, he took an immediate interest in the deadly effects of nuclear fallout on human molecular structures. From then on, Pauling protested the production of the hydrogen bomb and supported the prevention of the spread of nuclear weapons. Through his efforts, The Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, declaring all nuclear tests to be illegal except underground ones, came into effect on October 10, 1963, the same day Linus Pauling was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace. During World War II, Linus Pauling _ . | [
"had to stop his research because of the war",
"made great contributions to the safety of the country",
"joined the army to fight for the safety of the country",
"took part in researching nuclear bombs"
] | B. made great contributions to the safety of the country | mmlu_train |
aquarat_24522 | In the first 10 overs of a cricket game, the run rate was only 3.6. What should be the run rate in the remaining 40 overs to reach the target of 282 runs? | [
"6.25",
"6.5",
"6.15",
"7",
"8"
] | C. 6.15 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_1195 | Lemon juice turns litmus paper red, is corrosive and tastes sour. Lemon juice is classified as | [
"an acid.",
"a base.",
"an element.",
"More information is needed to classify lemon juice."
] | A. an acid. | mmlu_train |
aquarat_49802 | John bought a total of 20 Mangoes and Oranges. Each Mango costs 80 cents and each orange costs 60 cents. If the average price of the 20 mangoes and oranges that John originally purchased was 69 cents, then how many oranges needs to return to raise the average price of his purchase to 72 cents? | [
"4",
"5",
"6",
"7",
"8"
] | B. 5 | aquarat |
aquarat_17080 | Seed mixture X is 40% ryegrass and 60% bluegrass by weight; seed mixture Y is 25% ryegrass and 75% fescue. If a mixture of X and Y contains 31% ryegrass, what percent of the weight of the mixture is from mixture X? | [
"20%",
"30%",
"40%",
"50%",
"60%"
] | C. 40% | aquarat |
aquarat_31439 | An eccentric casino owner decides that his casino should only use chips in $5 and $8 denominations. Which of the following amount cannot be paid out using these chips? | [
"$34",
"$27",
"$31",
"$29",
"$24"
] | B. $27 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_7951 | Living in the desert is really hard! With less than 10 inches of rainfall a year, deserts are dry all year round. Lots of heat from the sun and a shortage of water are just a few of the challenges facing desert animals. Deserts are homes to many animals and plants. Few large animals have got used to life in the desert because their size makes it difficult to find shelter from the heat and they can't store water. In order to survive, desert animals have developed a number of ways to live in their special habitat. The most common way is staying under plants or rocks or digging underground in the heat of the day. And many desert animals stay in shelter during the day and hunt at night when it is cool. Some animals get the water they need from the insects, plants and seeds they eat, and do not need to drink. They do not have sweat glands and pass only small amount of waste water. Some animals develop their own ways of surviving in deserts. The Thorny Devil is a kind of lizard that lives in Australian desert areas. It has a body that channels raindrops directly into its mouth when it rains. Water-holding frogs spend most of the year underground in Australian desert areas, and develop a sort of cocoon that enables them to store water to keep them going through the dry times. When it rains, they come out to lay their eggs in ponds. The eggs hatch within days and develop quickly, before the water dries out. Why are there few large animals in deserts? | [
"They have difficulty in passing water.",
"They can't find enough food there.",
"There is no place for them to live in.",
"They can't protect themselves from the heat."
] | D. They can't protect themselves from the heat. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_34837 | Just seven years ago, the Jarvik-7 artificial heart was being cheered as the model of human creativeness. The sight of Barney Clark----alive and conscious after trading his diseased heart for a metal-and-plastic pump----convinced the press, the public and many doctors that the future had arrived. It hadn't. After monitoring production of the Jarvik-7, and reviewing its effects on the 150 or so patients (most of whom got the device as a temporary measure) the U.S. Food and Drug Administration concluded that the machine was doing more to endanger lives than to save them. Last week the agency cancelled its earlier approval, effectively banning the device. The recall may hurt Symbion Inc., maker of the Jarvik-7, but it won't end the request for an artificial heart. One problem with the banned mode is that the tubes connecting it to an external power source created a passage for infection. Inventors are now working on new devices that would be fully placed, along with a tiny power pack, in the patient's chest. The first sample products aren't expected for another 10 or 20 years. But some people are already worrying that they'll work---and that America's overextended health-care programs will lose a precious $2.5 billion to $5 billion a year providing _ for a ly few dying patients. If such expenditures cut into funding for more basic care, the net effect could actually be a decline in the nation's health. Some people feel that _ . | [
"artificial hearts are seldom effective",
"the country should not spend so much money on artificial hearts",
"the country is not spending enough money on artificial hearts",
"America's health-care programs are not doing enough for the nation's health"
] | B. the country should not spend so much money on artificial hearts | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_95346 | Burning natural gas can | [
"keep you cozy on a frigid night",
"conserve valuable planetary resources",
"aid in cooling down the planet",
"keep a car running in the cold"
] | A. keep you cozy on a frigid night | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_14086 | American officials have sharply reduced their expecmtions for this year's corn and soybean crops.Farmers in the Midwest are struggling with record heat and the worst drought in many years. The United States is the world's largest producer of com and soybeans.Last Friday the Agriculture Department predicted corn production would add up to 10.8 billion bushels this year.That was down 17%from a prediction made just a month ago.And it was down 13%from last year's level.The average yield per hectare could be the lowest in seventeen years. At the sarne time,the government predicted that soybean production would be 12% lower than last year. The price of corn has hit record levels.Corn is a major part of animal feed,so the price of meat,milk and eggs is also expected to climb. The FAO says average food prices worldwide rose 6%in July.The American drought was a big reason. The situation has renewed the fight between food and fuel.About 40%of the nation's corn crop goes into making ethanol .The production process leaves some of that in a form that can be fed to animals.Still,at least one-fourth of the American corn crop is now made into fuel. The United States requires that part of its corn crop be used in the production of biofuels .The use of ethanol has grown as government requirements have increased.But Jose,the head of the FAO called for"an immediate,temporary pause"of that requirement.He said more of the American corn production could then be used as food or to feed animals. The American livestock industry is also urging Congress to stop the law that requires ethanol in gasoline.But corn farmer Alan Bennett says doing that would hurt his town. A 2005 law requires automobile fuel to contain ethanol.The growth of the ethanol industry and competition for corn has been helping parts of rural America that had been reducing for years. What's the main idea of the passage? | [
"Average food prices rose all over the world.",
"The decrease of crops in America restarted the fight between food and fuel.",
"The argument between farmers and the American livestock industry came up.",
"America produces most of the corn and soybeans in the world."
] | B. The decrease of crops in America restarted the fight between food and fuel. | mmlu_train |
arc_easy_1771 | During which season of the year would a rabbit's fur be thickest? | [
"fall",
"spring",
"summer",
"winter"
] | D. winter | arc_easy |
mmlu_train_85473 | Steve Jobs, co-founder and former CEO of US technology giant Apple, has died at the age of 56. Mr Jobs had announced he was suffering from cancer in 2004. Apple said he had been "the source of countless innovations that enrich and improve all of our lives" and had made the world "immeasurably better". Tributes have been made by technology company bosses and world leaders, with US President Barack Obama saying the world had "lost a visionary ". "Steve was among the greatest of American innovators ---- brave enough to think differently, bold enough to believe he could change the world, and talented enough to do it," said Mr Obama. A statement from Mr Jobs's family said they were with him when he died peacefully on Wednesday. "In his public life, Steve was known as a visionary; in his private life, he loved his family deeply," they said, requesting privacy and thanking those who had "shared their wishes and prayers" during his final year. Apple said the company had "lost a visionary and creative genius and the world have lost an amazing human being". Tim Cook, who was made Apple's CEO after Mr Jobs stood down in August, said his predecessor had left behind "a company that only he could have built, and his spirit will forever be the foundation of Apple". Flags are being flown at half mast outside the Apple headquarters in Cupertino, California, while fans of the company have left tributes outside Apple shops around the world. The heads of other leading technology companies have also paid tribute, including Microsoft boss Bill Gates, who said "For those of us lucky enough to get to work with him, it's been a great honour. I will miss Steve very much." Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg thanks Mr Jobs for "showing that what you build can change the world" while Sony Corp president and CEO Howard Stringer said: "The digital age has lost its leading light." South Korea's Samsung, which is involved in a case with Apple over patents , admired Mr Jobs for his "Completely new and different changes to the IT industry". Hearing of Steve Jobs' death, the heads of other leading technology companies have paid tribute and _ . | [
"shared the treasure with his family",
"suffered from the sad news",
"been involved in a case with Apple",
"spoken highly of him"
] | D. spoken highly of him | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_93943 | When an ice cube melts, its state of matter changes from a | [
"gas to a liquid",
"solid to a liquid",
"liquid to a solid",
"solid to a gas"
] | B. solid to a liquid | mmlu_train |
aquarat_28552 | The cost price of 13 articles is equal to the selling price of 11 articles. Find the profit percent? | [
"18 2/17",
"18 2/11",
"18 2/15",
"18 2/19",
"18 2/12"
] | B. 18 2/11 | aquarat |
arc_challenge_328 | Carbon dioxide emissions have increased due to large numbers of automobiles and increased industrialization. Which of the following has been most affected by the increase in carbon dioxide levels? | [
"the ability of farmers to plant crops",
"the ability of scientists to study other planets",
"the ability of Earth to continue recycling rocks",
"the ability of Earth to maintain lower temperatures"
] | D. the ability of Earth to maintain lower temperatures | arc_challenge |
aquarat_17161 | If a man walks to his office at 5/4 of his usual rate, he reaches office 30 minutes early than usual. What is his usual time to reach office. | [
"2 hrs",
"2 1⁄2 hrs",
"1 hr 50 min",
"2 hrs 15 min",
"None of these"
] | B. 2 1⁄2 hrs | aquarat |
aquarat_50702 | In a forest 150 deer were caught, tagged with electronic markers, then released. A week later, 50 deer were captured in the same forest. Of these 50 deer, it was found that 5 had been tagged with the electronic markers. If the percentage of tagged deer in the second sample approximates the percentage of tagged deer in the forest, and if no deer had either left or entered the forest over the preceding week, what is the approximate number of deer in the forest? | [
"150",
"750",
"1,250",
"1,500",
"2,500"
] | D. 1,500 | aquarat |
arc_easy_117 | The greatest amount of diversity can be found among which type of organism? | [
"plants",
"animals",
"bacteria",
"fungi"
] | C. bacteria | arc_easy |
arc_easy_174 | Which property of Earth's interior keeps the innermost part in a solid state? | [
"relatively low temperature",
"extremely high pressure",
"high rate of heat flow",
"low rate of radioactive decay"
] | B. extremely high pressure | arc_easy |
mmlu_train_98342 | If you want to avoid death you will need to | [
"jump into volcanoes",
"hit something",
"fly",
"take in air"
] | D. take in air | mmlu_train |
arc_challenge_459 | How do scientists know that some mountains were once at the bottom of an ocean? | [
"Freshwater rivers flow to the ocean.",
"Saltwater fish are found in some mountain streams.",
"Dinosaur bones have been discovered in the mountains.",
"Marine fossils have been found on the peaks of some mountains."
] | D. Marine fossils have been found on the peaks of some mountains. | arc_challenge |
mmlu_train_35056 | When an ant dies, other ants move the dead insect out. Sometimes, the dead ant get moved away very soon--within an hour of dying. This behavior is interesting to scientists, who wonder how ants know for sure--and so soon--that another ant is dead. One scientist recently came up with a way to explain this ant behavior. Dong-Hwan Choe is a biologist. Choe found that Argentine ants have a chemical on the outside of their bodies that signals to other ants, "I'm dead--take me away." But there's a _ to Choe's discovery. Choe says that the living ants--not just the dead ones--have this death chemical. In other words, while an ant crawls around, perhaps in a picnic or home, it's telling other ants that it's dead. What keeps ants from dragging away the living ants?Choe found that Argentine ants have two additional chemicals on their bodies, and these tell nearby ants something like, "Wait--I'm not dead yet." So Choe's research turned up two sets of chemical signals in ants: one says, "I'm dead," and the other set says, "I'm not dead yet." Other scientists have tried to figure out how ants know when another ant is dead. If an ant is knocked unconscious, for example, other ants leave it alone until it wakes up. That means ants know that unmoving ants can still be alive. Choe suspects that when an Argentine ant dies, the chemical that says "Wait-I'm not dead yet" quickly goes away. Once that chemical is gone, only the one that says "I'm dead" is left. "It's because the dead ant no longer smells like a living ant that it gets carried to the graveyard, not because its body releases new unique chemicals after death," said Choe. When other ants detect the "dead" chemical without the "not dead yet" chemical, they drag away the body. Understanding this behavior may help scientists figure out how to stop Argentine ants from invading new places and causing problems. Choe would like to find a way to use the newly discovered chemicals to spread ant killer to Argentine ant nests. The ants' removal behavior is important to the overall health of the nest. "Being able to quickly remove dead individuals and other possible sources of disease is extremely important to all animals living in societies, including us," says Choe. "Think about all the effort and money that we invest daily in waste management." The result of the research can be used to _ . | [
"kill troublesome pests",
"solve the problem of endangered species",
"prevent further expansion of the ants' territory",
"keep the balance of nature"
] | C. prevent further expansion of the ants' territory | mmlu_train |
aquarat_32273 | There are two numbers whose sum is 72. One number is twice the other. What are the
numbers? | [
"32-55",
"24-48",
"35-42",
"20-40",
"33-55"
] | B. 24-48 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_72142 | Visitors to London often eat in restaurants. The owners and workers in them are all from other countries. The visitors say in these restaurants they don't feel they are in England. Most of English people eat at home as much as they can. Sometimes they themselves will think they are in another country when they are in restaurants. When an Englishman goes out of a restaurant, he may find that he doesn't understand why everything is written in French and Italian. Most of English people think it is better to eat at home, because it is cheaper. They don't want to spend much money on food and they like cooking at home. They like fast food. But for Christmas, they will spend two or three weeks getting ready for it, because they want to have good food. English people eat at home because _ . | [
"it is fast",
"the food is expensive at home",
"it is very good",
"the food is very cheap at home"
] | D. the food is very cheap at home | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_91597 | What can you do on the Internet? Many of us like to read the news, buy things and play games. Some students now have a new use for the Internet - helping them with their homework. Tina, 14, from Shenzhen, Guangdong, often searches online for the answers to her math problems. She said sometimes she and even her parents don't know the answers to the problems, so she has to turn to the Internet. "I can see how other people work out these problems and learn from them," Tina said. "It's easy and saves time." But not all the students welcome this. Leo, 15, from Hangzhou, Zhejiang, thinks it may make students stop thinking. "We should think over the problems first. Simply copying the answers won't improve our abilities. " he said. In the eyes of Wang Zhaoming, a Shanghai teacher, the success of all this is down to the students. If they use the Internet properly , it could be a good tool for study, Wang said. "Students should first think about the problems by themselves. As for the online answers, they should choose the best among different ones. The most important thing is to know the logic behind the answers," he said. "Don't be shy to ask teachers and classmates the next day if you don't understand the answer." According to the passage, it's a new use for students to _ on the Internet. | [
"buy things",
"play games",
"help with homework",
"read news"
] | C. help with homework | mmlu_train |
aquarat_50998 | By weight, liquid X makes up 1.5 percent of solution P and 6.5 percent of solution Q. If 400 grams of solution P are mixed with 600 grams of solution Q, then liquid X accounts for what percent of the weight of the resulting solution? | [
"3.6%",
"3.9%",
"4.2%",
"4.5%",
"4.8%"
] | D. 4.5% | aquarat |
mmlu_train_81289 | Do you like dogs? Do you know the following things about dogs? The first pet dog Dogs are meat-eating animals. They belonged to the family of wolves a long time ago. About 15,000 years ago, people started keeping wolves for hunting . Over the time, the wolves began to look like dogs and they became people's pets. What a dog looks like Dogs come in different sizes, colors and shapes, but they're the same in some ways. All kinds of dogs have a set of forty-two strong teeth for eating. They have sharp claws at the end of their feet for digging up soil and holding onto the ground when they walk. They have very good eyesight. They also have high ability to hear and smell. How a dog grows A mother dog gives birth to one to twelve babies at a time. New-born baby dogs cannot see or hear until they are two weeks old. The mother dog gives the baby dogs milk. When they are four weeks old, they start eating soft food. When they're eight weeks, the baby dogs have very strong legs and they can go for long walks. How to read a dog's feelings Dogs act differently when they have different feelings. When a dog is angry, it opens its mouth and shows its teeth. When a dog is frightened, it lowers its ears and holds its tail between its legs. A happy dog always wags its tail. ,. (10) People have started keeping dogs as pets since _ . | [
"there were humans",
"15,000 years ago",
"there were wolves",
"the wolves looked like dogs"
] | B. 15,000 years ago | mmlu_train |
arc_challenge_121 | A mountain with a melting glacier has a stream with a waterfall. The waterfall fills a lake at the base of the mountain. Where is the water coldest? | [
"glacier",
"stream",
"waterfall",
"lake"
] | A. glacier | arc_challenge |
mmlu_train_98884 | To grow, bamboo will require both of the following: | [
"light and electricity",
"light and money",
"light and mud",
"oil and water"
] | C. light and mud | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_8695 | Windows 8, apart from Windows 95, is the biggest surprise and the only version of Microsoft' s operating system that has been changed from the core when compared to its former one. However, a recent study has shown that under 20% of business owners would be willing to upgrade to the new version of Windows. The reason for this remains to be discussed and debated, and we will try to throw light on this research by providing you with some of the most common advantages and disadvantages of Windows 8. Generally speaking, there are a great number of plus sides related to upgrading from Windows 7 to Windows 8. Speed -- This is the biggest advantage to mention. Boot time has been reported to be up to nine times shorter than that with Windows 7. New passwords -- Instead of typing your passwords, Windows 8 will let you use gestures on your favorite photos to enter your password. This is not only practical but also extremely cool! Windows 8 experience -- Apart from computers, Windows 8 will be used on all devices, including smart phones, tablet PC's and so on. Also, owing to the fact that it has been specifically designed with touch screen users in mind, Windows 8, besides using keyboard and mouse, will offer a whole new user experience. However, there are still some disadvantages. The first one that has to be mentioned is that there is no Start Menu from Windows. Yes, there is no Start button in the lower left corner, and this might be a real puzzle of many Windows users. Also, many users have had a problem to get used to the new interface introduced by Windows 8. The biggest problem that is worth noticing is that Windows 8 was originally designed for touch screen users, and this may have a bad effect on desktop users who have gotten used to doing everything with the help of their keyboard and mouse. The most attractive aspect of Windows 8 is its _ . | [
"fast rate",
"complex passwords",
"unique experience",
"new interface"
] | A. fast rate | mmlu_train |
arc_easy_1119 | Malaria is a common disease in many countries. What is the cause of this disease? | [
"a virus",
"a bacterium",
"a fungus",
"a parasite"
] | D. a parasite | arc_easy |
mmlu_train_62691 | Scientists have claimed a milestone in the drive for new energy--development of the first practical artificial leaf, an advanced solar cell that imitates the process,called photosynthesis ,that green plants use to make sunlight and water into energy. "A practical artificial leaf has been a dream of scientists for decades,"said Daniel Nocera,who led the research team."We believe we have made it.The artificial leaf shows particular promise as an inexpensive source of electricity for homes of the poor in developing countries. One can imagine villages in India and Africa soon purchasing an affordable basic power system based on this technology." The leaf is like the shape of a poker card but thinner.Placed in water in a bright sunlight,it could produce enough electricity to supply a house in a developing country with electricity for a day by splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen, which are stored in a fuel cell to produce electricity. The"artificial leaf"is not a new concept.The first artificial leaf was developed more than a decade ago by John Ttlrner.However, it was impractical for wider use,as it was composed of rare,expensive metals and was highly unstable with a lifespan of barely one day. Nocera's new leaf overcomes these problems.It is made of inexpensive materials that are widely available,works under simple conditions and is highly stable.Laboratory studies showed that it could operate continuously for at least 45 hours without a drop in activity. The key to this breakthrough is Nocera's recent discovery of several new powerful, inexpensive catalysts,which are able to accelerate the chemical reaction under simple conditions.Right now, Nocera's leaf is about 10 times more efficient at carrying out photosynthesis than a natural leaf.Yet he is optimistic that he can boost the efficiency of the device much higher in the future. The passage is most probably from _ . | [
"a science fiction story",
"a fairy tale book",
"an advertisement for solar products",
"a science news report"
] | D. a science news report | mmlu_train |
arc_easy_659 | A paper bag is ripped into pieces. Which of these BEST describes the pieces of the bag? | [
"Stronger than the whole bag",
"Thicker than the whole bag",
"Smaller than the whole bag",
"Darker than the whole bag"
] | C. Smaller than the whole bag | arc_easy |
mmlu_train_95431 | Measuring is a way to collect data; what is an example of this? | [
"pouring water into a gallon jug to save for later",
"pouring milk into a half cup to see how much is left",
"making sure that a blanket is warm enough for the night",
"noticing how long a cat's tail is"
] | B. pouring milk into a half cup to see how much is left | mmlu_train |
aquarat_9912 | Mr. Thomas invested an amount of 13,900 divided in two different schemes A and B at the simple interest rate of 14% p.a. and 11% p.a. respectively. If the total amount of simple interest earned in 2 years be 3508, what was the amount invested in Scheme B? | [
"6400",
"6500",
"7200",
"7500",
"None of these"
] | A. 6400 | aquarat |
aquarat_3119 | In Cliff’s impressive rock collection, there are half as many igneous rocks as sedimentary rocks. Of the igneous rocks, 3/4 are shiny and the rest are matte, while 1/5 of the sedimentary rocks are shiny. If there are 30 shiny igneous rocks, how many total rocks does Cliff have? | [
"30",
"45",
"60",
"120",
"135"
] | D. 120 | aquarat |
aquarat_6688 | The unit digit in the product (722 * 774 * 889 * 223) is: | [
"2",
"7",
"6",
"8",
"1"
] | C. 6 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_98855 | How long is it between a moon phase? | [
"a minute",
"168 hours",
"an hour",
"a day"
] | B. 168 hours | mmlu_train |
aquarat_15896 | A person lent out some money for 1 year at 6% per annum simple interest and after 18 months, he again lent out the same money at a simple interest of 24% per annum. In both the cases, he got Rs.4704. Which of these could be the amount that was lent out in each case if interest is paid half-yearly? | [
"2200",
"3000",
"3200",
"4200",
"5000"
] | D. 4200 | aquarat |
arc_challenge_411 | A hot, boiled egg is put into a cup of cold water. What happens to the temperature of the water and the egg? | [
"The water gets colder and the egg gets warmer.",
"The water gets warmer and the egg gets colder.",
"The water temperature stays the same and the egg gets colder.",
"Both the water and the egg get warmer."
] | B. The water gets warmer and the egg gets colder. | arc_challenge |
mmlu_train_56229 | The black robin is one of the world's rarest birds. It is a small, wild bird, and it lives only on the island of Little Mangere, off the coast of New Zealand. In 1967 there were about fifty black robins; in 1977 there were fewer than ten. These are the only black robins left in the world. The island has many other birds, of different kinds, large and small; these seem to multiply very happily. Energetic steps are being taken to preserve the black robin. Detailed studies are going on, and a public appeal for money has been made. The idea is to buy another island nearby as a special home, a "reserve", for threatened wild life, including black robins. The organizers say that Little Mangere should then be supplied with the robin's food--it eats only one kind of seed. Thousands of the required plants are at present being cultivated in New Zealand. The public appeal is aimed at the conscience of mankind, so that the wild black robin will not die out and disappear form the earth in our time at least. Is all this concern a waste of human effort? Is it any business of ours whether the black robin survives or dies out? Are we losing our sense of what is reasonable and what is unreasonable? In the earth's long, long past, hundreds of kinds of creatures have evolved, risen to a degree of success--and died out. In the long, long future, there will be many new and different forms of life. Those creatures that adapt themselves successfully to what the earth offers will survive for a long time. Those that fail to meet the challenges will disappear early. This is nature's proven method of operation. The rule of selection--"the survival of the fittest"--is the one by which human beings have themselves arrived on the scene. We, being one of the most adaptable creatures the earth has yet produced, may last longer than most. You may take it as another rule that when, at last, human beings show signs of dying out, no other creature will extend a paw to put off our departure. On the contrary, we will be hurried out. For nature, tough fair, is a hard-hearted mistress. She has no favorites. Life seems to have grown too tough for black robins. I leave you to judge whether we should try to do something about it. The black robin is dying out mainly because _ . | [
"people have been very careless about its survival",
"the appeal for money has come at the wrong time",
"the other birds on the island have destroyed it",
"its only food supply is far from enough on Little Mangere"
] | D. its only food supply is far from enough on Little Mangere | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_4517 | The marsh willow herb is a plant native to the northeastern United States. It grows best in damp habitats. Which of the following environmental changes would most likely cause a decrease in the marsh willow herb population in an area? | [
"a rainstorm lasting several weeks",
"a drought lasting twelve months",
"unusually low temperatures during the month of July",
"unusually high temperatures during the month of January"
] | B. a drought lasting twelve months | mmlu_train |
aquarat_34737 | If a code word is defined to be a sequence of different letters chosen from the 10 letters A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, and J, what is the ratio of the number of 5-letter code words to the number of 6-letter code words? | [
"1 to 5",
"3 to 2",
"2 to 1",
"5 to 1",
"6 to 1"
] | A. 1 to 5 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_9555 | Certainly no creature in the sea is stranger than the common sea cucumber . All living creatures, especially human beings, have their features, but everything about the little sea cucumber seems unusual. What else can be said about an unusual animal that eats mud, feeds almost continuously day and night but can live without eating for long periods, and can be poisonous but is considered eatable? For some fifty million years, in spite of all its strange features, the sea cucumber has lived on its diet of mud. It is adaptable enough to live attached to rocks by its tube feet, under rocks in shallow water, or on the surface of mud flats. Common in cool water on both Atlantic and Pacific shores, it has the ability to suck up mud or sand and digest whatever nutrients are present. Sea cucumbers come in a variety of color1s, ranging from black to reddish-brown to sand-color1 and nearly white. One form even has brilliant purple tentacles . Usually the creature are cucumber-shaped--where their name comes from--and because they live in rocks, this shape, combined with flexibility, enables them to press into crevices where they are safe from animal eater and ocean currents. Although they have greedy desire for food, eating day and night, sea cucumbers have the ability to become still and live at a low metabolic rate--feeding a little or not at all for long periods, so that the living things in the ocean that provide their food have a chance to increase by a large amount. If it were not for this natural ability, they would swallow all the food available in a short time and would probably starve themselves out of existence. But the most impressive thing about the sea cucumber is the way it defends itself. Its major enemies are fish and crabs. When attacked, it forces all its internal organs in its body out into water. It also removes attached structures such as tentacles. The sea cucumber will get rid of its organs and grow itself again if it is attacked or even touched; it will do the same if the surrounding water temperature is too high or if the water becomes too polluted. According to the passage, why is the shape of sea cucumbers important? | [
"It helps them to protect themselves from danger.",
"It makes it easier for them to move through the mud.",
"It makes them attractive to fish.",
"It helps them to digest their food."
] | A. It helps them to protect themselves from danger. | mmlu_train |
aquarat_48722 | The ratio of number of boys to that of girls in a school is 3:2.if 20% of boys and 25 % of girls are scholarship holders,find the percentage of those who are not scholarship holders. | [
"75",
"76",
"77",
"78",
"79"
] | D. 78 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_64995 | We answer some questions this week in our series on getting into an American college or university. The first question is about our recent discussion of English language test. Vo Ngoc from Vietnam would like to know about the TOEIC, which is designed to measure skills of English as spoken in the workplace. The Educational Testing Service administers the TOEIC. It says the test measures the language skills of people working in an international environment. American colleges and universities accept scores from the TOFEL and often the IELTS. If you miss our report on these tests, you can find it at our website www. unsv. com.. Tahir Mahood from Pakistan asks how to improve his English before taking these kinds of tests. Well, you can start by looking for ways to use English as much as you can Watch American movies and TV shows and read books in English Look for English speakers to talk to. The Internet has many free materials for Engiish learners. Visitors to www. unsv. com. for example, can read, listen and watch programmes on many different subjects. The U.S. Department of Education recent launched a free website designed to help immigrants learn English. The site is called USA Learns at www. usalearns, org, like www. chinadaily. cn, intended for English learners in China Next,a question from Turkey:Hasan Eker asks about getting a postdoctoral position in the U. S. This is work generally done by a person who recently earned a PhD. The National Post-doctoral Association in Washington has information about international postdocs on its website www. Nationalpostal.org. And, finally, we have questions from Iran, Afghanistan and Indonesia about how to pay an education through jobs. There're rules that restrict the kinds of jobs that foreign students can have while studying in the U. S. A person wb.o wants to learn. English can go to the following EXCEPT. | [
"www. unsv. Com",
"www. national postdoc. org",
"www. usalearns. Org",
"www chinadaily. cn,"
] | B. www. national postdoc. org | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_56842 | Scattered throughout the various reports on sleep research are several that describe some unusual behavior by people who are sleepwalking. These include eating, making phone calls and even murder. Now, there's a new case appearing in one more study on this strange phenomenon: sleep e-mailing. In an article published in journal Sleep Medicine, prefix = st1 /SetonHallUniversityresearchers document the following case of a 44-year-old woman: This woman received a puzzling phone call from a friend who said she was accepting her dinner invitation -- an invitation that the woman could not remember having made. The friend reminded the woman of the e-mail she had sent the night before -- an e-mail of which the woman also had no recollection . However, a quick search through her sent e-mail folder did turn up one strange e-mail. She had apparently sent it to her friend -- at 11:47 the previous night. The puzzling message said: "I don't get it. Please explain Lucy! Come tomorrow and sort this out! Dinner and drinks, 4 pm? Wine and caviar to bring only. Everything else, a guess? There were two other e-mails sent to her friend at 11:50pm and 11:53 pm, each of which seemed to be written in a strange language, full of capitalization errors and phrases that didn't make sense. According to Dr Fouzia Siddiqui, lead author of the case study, this particular sleepwalking case was unique and was the first and only published account of "sleep e-mailing". "Sleepwalking has occurred in the past where people would undertake other activities such as cooking or moving furniture around," Siddiqui said. " But this case is unique in that she wasn't just sleeping but doing complex things like turning on her computer, remembering her user name and password and typing entire e-mails." Just what is sleepwalking? It is actually a kind of sleep disorder. Studies have found that somewhere between 5 and 10 percent of people are sleepwalkers. It comes from a mixture of wakefulness and non-REM sleep. Sleepwalkers can carry out complex behavior such as driving, walking, e-mailing and telephoning in a sleep-like state. People with high levels of stress and anxiety, or those who have a family history of sleepwalking are more likely to experience it. What is the main idea of the passage? | [
"It analyzes what sleepwalking is and its effects on people.",
"It explains to readers why and how sleepwalking forms.",
"It mainly reports on a recent unique case of sleepwalking.",
"It tells about various kinds of sleepwalking there are."
] | C. It mainly reports on a recent unique case of sleepwalking. | mmlu_train |
aquarat_22046 | The average of 11 results is 52, if the average of first six results is 49 and that of the last six is 52. Find the sixth result? | [
"A) 46",
"B) 34",
"C) 66",
"D) 76",
"E) 74"
] | B. B) 34 | aquarat |
aquarat_43395 | The sum of the present ages of A, B, C is 33 years. Three years ago their ages were in the ratio 1:2:3. What is the present age of A? | [
"5",
"7",
"9",
"11",
"13"
] | B. 7 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_87412 | We all need to exercise. Doctors say it is good for us. It makes your heart and body strong. It also gives you more energy. And you will feel better yourself. It's best to exercise twice a week. Twenty minutes each time is enough. There are many ways to exercise. You can walk, run, play sports, or swim. Many people go to special places to exercise. They are called "fitness centers". These places have a lot of equitment. Some people buy equitment for their homes. But it is very expensive. Exercising can be fun. Friends can exercise together at fithess center. Or they can play sports together, how do you exercise? Which of these sentences about exercising is true? | [
"Exercising is expensive.",
"Exercising good for heart.",
"Only doctors exercise.",
"Friends never exercise together."
] | B. Exercising good for heart. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_40703 | Leon, 12, was born without fingers on his left hand.That didn't -stop him from being able to do many tasks. But Leon could not grasp more than one object at a time. So Leon's father, Paul, created a prosthesis ,using a 3D printer. Now Leon has fingers that open and close."It was a do-it-yourself, father and son adventure," says raw. When Leon was a baby, his doctor advised his parents not to give him a prosthetic hand until he was in his early teens. "The doctor said Leon should first learn to get full use out of the hand he was born with," says Paul. As Leon got older, his father looked into buying a prosthetic hand, which can cost as much as $30,000. Paul found a more affordable solution. One day, Paul discovered a video on the Internet about Robohand, a prosthesis created with a 3Dprinter. He downloaded the free instructions and called Robohand's creators for advice. They told him all he needed was a 3D printerwhich costs around $2,000- and some materials. Luckily, Leon's school had recently purchased a 3D printer and it offered to help Paul build the hand for Leon."We used a soccer shin guard ,cardboard, and tape. They cost about$10," says Paul. With his new hand, Leon can do things better. "I can help my mom more, because now I can carry two grocery bags,"he says. Leon's father has already built .several hands for Leon. Leon helps design each one. He says there's one thing in particular that he wants to do with a future prosthesis."The goal," he tells the reporter from the local evening paper,"is to be able to tie my shoelaces:' Where can the passage be taken from? | [
"An advertisement",
"A newspaper",
"A poster",
"A travel guide"
] | B. A newspaper | mmlu_train |
arc_easy_1330 | Students stir salt, sand, sawdust, and seashells into a jar filled with water. Which of the materials will form a solution? | [
"salt and water",
"sand and sawdust",
"seashells and water",
"sawdust and seashells"
] | A. salt and water | arc_easy |
aquarat_53160 | In a class of 20 students, 2 students did not borrow any books from the library, 8 students each borrowed 1 book, 3 students each borrowed 2 books, and the rest borrowed at least 3 books. If the average number of books per student was 2, what is the maximum number of books any single student could have borrowed? | [
"8",
"9",
"10",
"11",
"12"
] | A. 8 | aquarat |
aquarat_47292 | Steve traveled the first 2 hours of his journey at 50 mph and the remaining 3 hours of his journey at 80 mph. What is his average speed for the entire journey? | [
"68 mph",
"56.67 mph",
"53.33 mph",
"64 mph",
"66.67 mph"
] | A. 68 mph | aquarat |
mmlu_train_98849 | Imagine astronauts traveling to a distant asteroid as it passes near Earth. During their mission they leave behind boot prints. How long will these potentially last? | [
"several months",
"5 years",
"thousands of years",
"2 weeks"
] | C. thousands of years | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_2408 | Some students used a hot plate to heat 1 L of water from 20°C to the boiling point of water. The students recorded the temperature of the water each minute until it began to boil. Which of the following provides the most appropriate way to represent the data? | [
"a bar graph with temperature on the y-axis and time on the x-axis",
"a bar graph with time on the y-axis and temperature on the x-axis",
"a line graph with temperature on the y-axis and time on the x-axis",
"a line graph with time on the y-axis and temperature on the x-axis"
] | C. a line graph with temperature on the y-axis and time on the x-axis | mmlu_train |
aquarat_32298 | For a certain exam,a score of 58 was 2 standard deviations below mean and a score of 98 was 3 standard deviations above mean.What was the mean score R for the exam? | [
"74",
"76",
"78",
"80",
"82"
] | A. 74 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_28922 | Vitamins are complex chemical substances found in many foods. The human body needs them for health and growth. The body makes some vitamins, but usually in amounts too small to meet its needs. Other vitamins are not made in the body. These must be supplied. No one knows exactly how all vitamins work. Doctors do know that vitamins have very special uses. One vitamin therefore cannot take the place of another. The steady absence of one vitamin in an otherwise complete diet causes a deficiency disease. Rickets, scurvy, and pellagra are examples of deficiency diseases. It is best to obtain vitamins by eating the foods in which they occur. There are also pills that contain a single vitamin or a combination of vitamins people should consult their doctors before they take any vitamin pills. Scientists have discovered about 25 vitamins and their different forms that are very important to human beings and other forms of life. Experts believe that there are many more vitamins to be discovered. There are two basic groups of vitamins. One group of vitamins dissolves in fat and is therefore called the "fat-soluble" group. Vitamins A, D, E and K are in this group. The other group is known as "water-soluble" vitamins. These vitamins, understandably, dissolve in water. Among this group are Vitamin C and the B group of vitamins. Vitamin A aids the building and growth of body cells. This vitamin is therefore vital for the growth of children and for good development of babies before birth. Vitamin A is also important for good vision at night. Vitamin B1 is also called thiamine. This vitamin prevents and cures disease. Vitamin B2, called riboflavin, is needed for growth, healthy skin, and for the eyes. Vitamin C, or ascorbic acid, prevents and cures scurvy. Vitamin D is a group of 10 vitamins that prevents rickets. Scientist believe that Vitamin D3 forms in the skin when the body is exposed to sunlight. Because of this, it is called the "sunshine vitamin". A lack of Vitamin D may lead to bone damage; too much may cause kidney disease. All of the functions of Vitamin E, also called tocopherol, are not known. It is necessary for reproduction in animals. Vitamin K is necessary for making the blood clot. The more that is learned about vitamins, the more it is realized how these chemical substances play a part in all aspects of human activity. Which of the following statements is true? | [
"The human body can produce enough vitamins for itself.",
"Until now, scientists have discovered all the vitamins we need.",
"People should take more vitamins.",
"Each kind of vitamin plays a special role in human body."
] | D. Each kind of vitamin plays a special role in human body. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_14644 | Every year, World Blood Day is celebrated by blood services worldwide on 14 June, the birthday of Nobel Prize winner Karl Landsteiner, the man who discovered the ABO blood group system. If you have every thought of becoming a blood donor, just register to do it. And you should never worry about the donation. Just under a pint (around 470ml) of blood is taken at one sitting. This amount is no more than 13 percent of your total blood volume, and is quickly replaced by your body. It may come as a surprise, but whole blood is only rarely used. Different blood components are used to treat a range of conditions. None goes to waste. Read blood cells are frequently used to replace heavy blood loss after an accident, surgery or childbirth. White blood cells and antibodies are used to help people fight infections if their immune system doesn't appear to be responding to antibiotics . Plasma ,the straw-coloured fluid which carries the blood cells and contains proteins, are used to treat burned patients. First-time donors should be aged between 17 and 65, weigh at least 50kg and be in good health. If you have donated before, you can start being a donor again up to your 70th birthday. Although most people are able to give blood, some people who pose health risks or are at a higher risk of having come into contact with an infectious disease are no tasked to be donors. Pregnant women or those who have had a baby in the last 9 months should not donate blood. Blood has a very short shelf life. Some blood components can be kept longer than others, for instance red blood cells will keep for 35 days but platelets for only five. Remember, you should wait at least 16 weeks before donating blood again. What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage? | [
"To teach people how to be a blood donor",
"To give people the knowledge of blood donation",
"To advise people to benefit from blood donation",
"To remind people of the importance of blood donation"
] | B. To give people the knowledge of blood donation | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_96802 | Reducing bacteria in food prevents what? | [
"electricity",
"maladies",
"observation",
"signals"
] | B. maladies | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_84767 | A mother in Australia was told by a doctor that her new born son was dead but she helped to bring him back to life by holding the baby against her body. She used a method known as a kangaroo care. The child, named Jamie ,was born after only 27 weeks with his twin sister, Emily, in a hospital in Sydney. Her birth went well ,but his was a different story. The doctor struggled for 20 minutes to save Jamie before announcing him dead. "His little arms and legs were just falling down away from his body." Kate Ogg said ,"I took off my coat and put him on my chest with his head over my arm." She and her husband, David ,said to the child as she continued to hold him for nearly 2 hours. During that time, the two-pound baby showed the sign of life. She said , "I told my mum ,who was there, that he was still alive. Then he held out his hand and grabbed my finger. "Their tiny baby grew stronger and stronger in his mother's arms, and their final goodbye turned into a hello. The doctor at first ignored the baby's movements, but when he put the stethoscope to his chest, his mouth was wide open and he said ,"It's my fault, It's a miracle( ). "The kangaroo care helps the baby keep body warmth" Dr Pinchi Srinivasan said, "It also regulates heartbeat and breathing rates and is believed to help weight gain and improve sleeping habits. Fathers can also use kangaroo care. The key to the method is skin-to-skin contact." The practice began in less developed nations. It has become a recognized pracitce in helping premature babies. The techniques is good for babies, and is used in many baby care centers. What the main idea of the passage? | [
"A baby was almost killed by a doctor's wrong decision",
"A doctor in Australia announced a baby was dead by mistake",
"A mum in Australia saved her baby with \"kangaroo care\"",
"A mum in Australia invented a new method of saving babies"
] | C. A mum in Australia saved her baby with "kangaroo care" | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_97995 | Cutting down trees has a negative impact on what living in an ecosystem? | [
"disks",
"plans",
"stone shelves",
"critters"
] | D. critters | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_61112 | Forgiving someone who has hurt you or let you down is never an easy thing. Several new studies, however, say that it could have a lot of health benefits. When you think of forgiveness, you probably don't think of it as being a health or medical problem. Studies from Stanford University, on the other hand, show that something like anger can change your well-being. When cartoon book characters like the incredible Hulk get angry, they change colours and often gain special power. In the real world, anger is less obvious and may be more dangerous. That's why Professor Fred Luskin, founder of the Stanford Forgiveness Project and author of Forgive for Good, says holding on to anger and hatred can harm your physical and mental health. Two new studies seem to show the same idea. The studies find that people who are able to forgive feel less stress, less back pain, and less depression . They also have fewer headaches, lower blood pressure, and fewer problems on sleeping. So it doesn't matter if your anger is caused by the traffic or other things. Learning to let it go is important. Techniques such as deep breath or thought can help. Or just ask yourself if it's worth hurting yourself by staying angry with someone else. Forgiveness does not mean that you simply accept what happened and say it's OK. Instead, it's a way of making peace with yourself about what happened in the past. The example of the cartoon book characters is taken in the passage to _ . | [
"support the viewpoint that anger and hatred harm physical and mental health.",
"introduce a famous expert.",
"let the reader know the different colours of cartoon faces.",
"show how to control one's temper."
] | A. support the viewpoint that anger and hatred harm physical and mental health. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_12803 | The oldest and hardest cow beef may be made as tender and tasty as young and choice met. "This declaration was made by the French physicist Denis Papin in book published in 1681, which described his "New Digester" or pressure cooker. It was a cast iron pot with an air-tight lid, which allowed liquids to boil at a higher temperature than usual, and so it cooked food in a quarter of the time. The food was cooked by pressurized steam being forced through it at about 121degC. All pressure cookers were made of cast iron until 1905, when the first aluminum model was made in America. In 1938, Alfred Vischer, a man from Chicago, U. S. A., designed a simple interlocking pan and lid, and an improved pressure-tight seal --a replaceable rubber sealing ring. When Vischer's patent expired in 1954, many companies entered the field, and the rapid pressure cooker became popular with people with people who had little time to cook or had to supply food for unexpected guests. From the passage we can learn pressure cooker made of cast iron lasted at least _ years. | [
"300",
"200",
"90",
"60"
] | B. 200 | mmlu_train |
arc_easy_265 | Species are classified based on their characteristics. Which characteristic identifies two organisms as members of one species? The organisms | [
"can produce fertile offspring.",
"can communicate easily.",
"will defend their territory.",
"will move from place to place."
] | A. can produce fertile offspring. | arc_easy |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.