id stringlengths 9 18 | question stringlengths 4 4.81k | choices listlengths 2 13 | full_answer stringlengths 4 180 | dataset stringclasses 5
values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
mmlu_train_97307 | A ball can be moved by force when | [
"a dog sees",
"a ball sits",
"a child notices",
"a foot exerts"
] | D. a foot exerts | mmlu_train |
aquarat_23258 | Bradley owns b video game cartridges. If Bradley’s total is one-eighth the total owned by Andrew and four times the total owned by Charlie, how many video game cartridges do the three of them own altogether, in terms of b? | [
"33b / 4",
"35b / 4",
"37b / 4",
"39b / 4",
"41b / 4"
] | C. 37b / 4 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_93158 | In eukaryotic organisms, microtubules give cells structure, and microfilaments help the cell contract and move. Together, they combine to perform functions similar to what two human body systems? | [
"the endocrine and skeletal systems",
"the circulatory and respiratory systems",
"the skeletal and muscular systems",
"the integumentary and excretory system"
] | C. the skeletal and muscular systems | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_16733 | The public commonly associates steroid use with big-time athletics. But the drugs may be even more of a menace to teenagers. The synthetic hormones can stunt a young person's growth by prematurely closing the ends of the long bones in the skeleton. That means a 1.7 metre, 15-year-old high school student who uses steroids "might get bigger but won't get any taller", according to a US doctor. Nearly seven percent of boys in the US try steroids before the end of high school, according to a 1988 study by professors Charles Yesalis and William Buckley, of Penn State University. The estimate comes from a poll of 3,400 seniors in 46 public and private schools across the US. "Abusers of Steroids did it to improve their appearance and to excel at sports," Professor Yesalis said. "Parents, teachers and coaches make boys believe that to be an ideal male you need to have these. Then they say: 'you can't play games to have fun; you play games to win.'" "Such attitudes put many high school athletes at high risk of becoming abusers of steroids," said Mike Gimbel, director of Baltimore County Office of substance Abuse. "For these athletes, the pressure to perform is incredible," he said. "It was inevitable that it would seep down to high school level." Which of the following statements is implied but not mentioned? | [
"School athletes have too much pressure.",
"Steroids can help people have lots of muscles.",
"The pressure chiefly comes from parents, teachers and coaches.",
"Girls are not interested in steroids."
] | D. Girls are not interested in steroids. | mmlu_train |
aquarat_46827 | Find the area of trapezium whose parallel sides are 22 cm and 18 cm long, and the distance between them is 15 cm. | [
"227",
"299",
"300",
"161",
"212"
] | C. 300 | aquarat |
aquarat_42349 | Two trains are running at 40 km/hr and 20 km/hr respectively in the same direction. Fast train completely passes a man sitting in the slower train in 8 seconds. What is the length of the fast train ? | [
"27 7/9",
"44 4/9",
"29 7/9",
"30 7/9",
"None of these"
] | B. 44 4/9 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_12696 | Different exercise types have different purposes and different benefits. One type of exercise may not accomplish all goals of being physically fit: a healthy heart, strong muscles and bones, and safety from injury. As a result, it is important to do enough types of exercise to have all the physical benefits. Here is a quick check sheet. Aerobic Exercise: To have a strong and healthy heart, you need to do aerobic exercise. This means that you need to exercise yourself enough so that your heart rate, while exercising, is 65 percent to 85 percent of your maximum heart rate. If you don't get your heart rate up within this level--you just aren't working hard enough. Whatever you do, your heart rate needs to be 65 percent to 85 percent of your MHR for 20 to 30 minutes, at least 3 times a week. Typical types include: * Running * Walking (at least 4 to 4.5 mph) * Swimming * Bikingk3s5u * Elliptical Training * Yoga Strength Training: To keep your muscles and bones strong, you need to do strength training. This comes in a variety of forms. Whatever you do, however, you need to train your muscles enough so that they are really tired by the end of each _ . To see real benefits, make sure you are strength training 2 to 3 times a week for about 30 to 40 minutes. Typical types of strength training include: * Weight Training * Yoga * Resistance Training * Plyometrics Flexibility Training: To keep your body flexible, reducing risk of injuries and pain in your joints and muscles, you need to do flexibility training. You should always aim to stretch every muscle after any exercise routine. Typical types of flexibility training include: * Stretching * Yoga * Pilates So next time you think that yoga 5 times a week will be enough, think about what it is really doing. Is it getting your heart rate up? Are you making up your strength? Are you keeping your muscles flexible? If your purpose is to _ , you can choose swimming as your exercise form. | [
"build a strong and healthy heart",
"keep muscles and bones strong",
"keep body flexible",
"reduce risk of injuries and pain in joints and muscles"
] | A. build a strong and healthy heart | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_55586 | Read the following directions on a bottle of medicine: "Take two tablets with water, followed by one tablet every eight hours, as required, For maximum night-time and early morning relief, take two tablets at bed - time, Do not take more than six tablets in twenty-four hours. For children six to twelve years old, give half the amount for a grownup. For children under six years old, ask for your doctor's advice. Reduce the amount if nervousness, _ , or sleeplessness occurs," If one cannot sleep, it is suggested that he _ . | [
"take two tablets before going to bed.",
"take less than two tablets before going to bed.",
"stop taking the medicine.",
"ask advice of a doctor."
] | B. take less than two tablets before going to bed. | mmlu_train |
arc_challenge_553 | If enough heat is taken away from a container of water, what will happen to the water? | [
"It will begin to boil.",
"It will become a solid.",
"It will turn into a gas.",
"It will increase in weight."
] | B. It will become a solid. | arc_challenge |
aquarat_2896 | Mary decided to save a certain amount of her monthly salary each month and her salary was unchanged from month to month. If Mary's savings by the end of the year from these monthly savings were TWO times the amount she spent per month, what should be the fraction of her salary that she spent each month? | [
"6/7",
"1",
"2",
"3",
"4"
] | A. 6/7 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_28844 | Put an ice cube from your fridge into a glass of water. You have a piece of string 10 centimeters long. The problem is to take out that piece of ice with the help of the string. But you must not touch the ice with your fingers. You may ask your friends to try to do that when you are having dinner together. There is a saltcellar on the table. You must use salt when you carry out this experiment. First you put the string across the piece of ice. Then put some salt on the ice. Salt makes ice melt . The ice round the string will begin to melt. But when it melts, it will lose heat. The cold ice cube will make the salt water freeze again. After a minute or two you may raise the piece of string and with it you will raise your piece of ice! This experiment can be very useful to you. If, for example, there is ice near the door of your house, you must use very much salt to melt all the ice. If you don't put enough salt, the water will freeze again. We must use _ when we carry out this experiment. | [
"fridge",
"some food",
"a table",
"some salt"
] | D. some salt | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_95774 | running turns carbohydrates into | [
"fat",
"sweat",
"motion and heat",
"protein"
] | C. motion and heat | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_38676 | Botany, the study of plants, plays a strange role in the history of human knowledge. For many thousands of years it was one field about which humans had little knowledge. It is impossible to know today just what our Stone Age Ancestors knew about plants, but from what we can observe of preindustrial societies that still exists, a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be very ancient. This is reasonable. Plants are the basis of the food pyramid for all living things, even for other plants. They have always been greatly important to the good of peoples, not only for food, but also for clothing, weapons, tools, medicines, housing, and a great many other purposes. Tribes living today in the woods of the Amazon recognize hundreds of plants and know many properties of each. To them botany, as such, has no name and is probably not even recognized as a special branch of knowledge at all. Unfortunately, the more industrialized we become the farther away we move from direct relation with plants, and the less clear our knowledge of botany grows. Yet everyone comes unconsciously on a surprising amount of botanical knowledge, and few people will fail to recognize a rose or an apple. When our New Stone Age ancestors, living in the Middle East about 10 000 years ago, discovered that certain grasses could be harvested and their seeds planted for richer production the next season, the first great step in a new connection of plants and humans was taken. Grains were discovered and from them flowed the _ of agriculture: planted crops. From then on, humans would increasingly take their living from the controlled production of a few plants, rather than getting a little here and a little there from many varieties that grew wild and the collected knowledge of tens of thousands of years of experience and close relations with plants in the wild would begin to disappear. According to the passage, why has general knowledge of botany decreased? | [
"People no longer value plants as a useful resource.",
"Botany is not recognized as a special branch of science.",
"Research is unable to keep up with the increasing number of plants.",
"Direct relation with a variety of plants has decreased."
] | D. Direct relation with a variety of plants has decreased. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_1754 | Puddles on a sidewalk are evaporating quickly. What most likely causes the puddles to evaporate? | [
"heat",
"clouds",
"air",
"water"
] | A. heat | mmlu_train |
aquarat_5755 | A man whose speed is 6 kmph in still water rows to a certain upstream point and back to the starting point in a river which flows at 1.5 kmph, find his average speed for the total journey? | [
"7",
"5.6",
"6",
"9",
"3"
] | B. 5.6 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_82360 | Sports may be fun, but you need to play them safely. Here are some tips to help you stay safe while you're playing sports in winter. * Get your body ready! Before you do any exercise, be sure to warm up for at least five minutes. During warming up you should stretch all parts of your body. * Wear the right clothes! Be sure to wear the right clothes for sports. If you play winter sports, make sure that you dress warmly. Also make sure to use suntan oil . It may be cold, but the sun is still bright! If you don't put on suntan oil, your skin may be hurt. If you go skiing, be sure to wear waterproof trousers and gloves. If you go running in cold weather, try to wear a scarf. It will keep your face, ears and neck warm. * Stop playing sports when you are hurt! If you get hurt when playing sports, don't play again until you get well. * Don't get thirsty! Drink a lot when playing sports because it is easy to become thirsty. ,. Two kinds of sports are mentioned in the passage. What are they? | [
"Running and skating.",
"Swimming and running.",
"Skiing and running.",
"Skiing and skating."
] | C. Skiing and running. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_93133 | Which process initiates the passage of half of a parent's DNA to offspring? | [
"meiosis",
"mitosis",
"fertilization",
"differentiation"
] | A. meiosis | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_69583 | Wang Lin's Diary Oct.8th,Sunday October 1st is our National Day.It was Sunday.In the morning,our teacher took us to the park.Oh,many people were there.We could see flags and flowers everywhere.We saw people dancing in the park everywhere.We had a good time. This morning I did some cleaning.Then I went to school.In the class,our teacher told us a very interesting story.It was about a French scientist Ampere.Once he was walking in the street when he began to work on a problem on a"blackboard"with a piece of chalk.But it was not a blackboard.It was the back of a carriage .Ampere didn't notice it at all.How hard he worked at his problem! In the evening,it became cloudy.It's going to rain tomorrow,I think. Ampere was a great _ scientist. | [
"English",
"American",
"French",
"Chinese"
] | C. French | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_15714 | Drinking wine in moderation improves the IQ and may boost mental agility in old people,according to Japanese researchers. A study of the effects of alcohol on the middle aged and elderly found the average IQ of men who drink wine (whether made from grapes or rice) was 3.3 points higher than that of men who do not imbibe. Similarly,the IQ of women drinkers showed an improvement of 2.5 points over their teetotal sisters.The findings are part of an ongoing study by Japan's National Institute for Longevity into the links between human intelligence and what we eat and drink. The tests measured general knowledge,powers of judgment and concentration in drinkers and non-drinkers over 40,all living in Aichi prefecture,central Japan,and sharing the same income level-roughlyPS50 000 a year--and educational background.All were university graduates. But while wine-drinkers appeared to be brighter,the same was not true of those who drank deer,shochu (a local gin) and whisky. "The benefits of wine and sake (rice wine) in raising IQ could be due to substances they contain,such as polyphenol,which are believed to slow the ageing process," Hiroshi Shimokata,head of epidemiology research,said. It was premature to conclude,he added,that drinking wine or sake slowed the deterioration of brain functions in the elderly,or warded off senility.The research does,however,suggest that this is one way to stay mentally alert longer. But there is a sobering caveat:drinking too much may make you dimmer."People who drink more than 540 milli-litres (a little over a pint) of sake or wine a day had lower intelligence quotients than those who did not drink at all,"Hiroshi Shimokata said."Moderation is very important." According to the passage,which of the following is NOT wrong? | [
"Every wine drinker's IQ is 3.3 points higher than that of men who don't drink.",
"The IQ of women drinker is 2.5 points lower than that of the non-drinking women.",
"Drinking beer and whisky cannot improve one's IQ.",
"Drinking wine can only do good to the IQ of rich old people."
] | C. Drinking beer and whisky cannot improve one's IQ. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_98725 | friction is used for stopping a vehicle by | [
"running",
"singing",
"smelting",
"squeezing"
] | D. squeezing | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_10447 | According to a survey, only 4% of the people in the world are left-handed. Why? One theory centers on the two halves of the brain. For example, the left half and the right half, each of which functions differently. Medical science believes that the left half of the brain dominates over the right half. The foundation of this theory is the fact that nerves from the brain cross over at neck-level to the opposite side of the body, and nerves from the other side of the brain reciprocate . The end result is that the opposite sides of the body are controlled by the opposite sides of the brain. The dominant left half of the brain, which kindly supplies the right half of the body, theoretically makes it more skillful in reading, writing, speaking, and working, and makes most people right-handed. Lefties, however, whose right half of the brain dominates, work best with the left side of their bodies. Theory number two focuses on the _ nature of the body. Examples of the asymmetry, which flows from head to toe, are that the right side of our faces differs slightly from the left, that our legs differ in strength, or that our feet vary in size. One aspect of this asymmetry is that for most people the right hand is stronger than the left. There is no doubt that all exist in a "right-handed society", which produces most basics, including scissors, doorknobs, locks, screwdrivers, automobiles, buttons on clothing, and musical instruments for the 96%. Left-handed people make up for the unfairness by being members of an elite society, which includes many of the greatest geniuses, including Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? | [
"Left-handed people are better at speaking",
"Left-handed people are believed to have stronger left halves of the brains",
"Right-handed people are cleverer than left-handed people",
"Right-handed people work best with the right side of their bodies"
] | D. Right-handed people work best with the right side of their bodies | mmlu_train |
arc_challenge_511 | Which best describes how ice cores are important to the study of geologic history? | [
"They show unconformities, which signal changes in deposition.",
"They hold index fossils, which are used to date the different ice cores.",
"They contain evidence showing changes in the atmospheric composition over time.",
"They follow the Law of Superposition, which gives reasons for extinctions of species.... | C. They contain evidence showing changes in the atmospheric composition over time. | arc_challenge |
mmlu_train_2222 | An appliance manufacturer has redesigned its original electrical fan. It has made the new fan more energy efficient. This means that the new fan | [
"converts more electricity into heat.",
"spins at a slower rate than the original fan.",
"requires more electricity than the original fan.",
"reduces the percentage of heat lost to the atmosphere."
] | D. reduces the percentage of heat lost to the atmosphere. | mmlu_train |
aquarat_10261 | For all integers a and b, a%b = (a + b)(a - b). If 10%x = 19, then which of the following could be a value of x? | [
"-9",
"-8",
"2",
"3",
"6"
] | A. -9 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_44908 | With a wildlife guide, I stepped on a journey to find one of the rarest creatures in the world ----the spirit bear, a walking contradiction--a white black bear. Neither albino nor polar bear, the spirit bear is a white variant of the North American black bear, and it's found almost exclusively here in the Great Bear Rainforest. At 25,000 square miles ---- one and a half times as big as Switzerland--the region is a spooky , wild, mysterious place: there are wolves here that fish. Deer that swim. Western red cedar trees that have stood a thousand years. And a black bear that is white. Scientists know how black bears are born white. They're just not sure why. The phenomenon, known as Kermodism, is caused by a recessive mutation at the MC1R gene, the same gene associated with red hair and fair skin in humans. To be born white, a bear must inherit the mutation from both parents. The parents themselves don't have to be white. They just need to carry the recessive mutation. So it's not uncommon for white bears to be born to black parents. White fur happens in only one of every 40 to 100 black bears on the British Columbia mainland coast, but the feature is especially distinct on certain islands in the Great Bear Rainforest. For example, on Princess Royal Island, one in ten black bears is white, and on Gribbell Island, directly north of Princess Royal, it's one in three. It's unclear how the feature arose. One theory was the "glacial bear" hypothesis that the spirit bear represented a remaining adaptation from the last great ice age, which ended here 11,000 years ago. At that time most of modern-day British Columbia was still icebound, and a white coat may have offered camouflage . But the "glacial bear" theory raised a question: Why didn't the white fur feature die out when the glaciers _ ? Researchers have recently proved that the spirit bear's white coat gives it an advantage when fishing. Although white and black bears tend to have the same success rate after dark, there is a difference during the daytime. White bears catch salmon in one-third of their attempts. Black individuals are successful only one-quarter of the time. "The salmon are less concerned about a white object as seen from below the surface," a scientist guesses. That may answer part of the question about why the white-fur feature continues to flourish today. If salmon are a coastal bear's primary fat and protein source, a successful female can feast on salmon to store more fat for winter, potentially increasing the number of cubs she can produce. It is most likely that white fur happens _ . | [
"on Princess Royal Island",
"on Gribbell Island",
"on the British Columbia mainland coast",
"on islands in the Great Bear Rainforest"
] | B. on Gribbell Island | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_98734 | The smallest known species of cactus, called Blossfeldia Liliputana, is named after | [
"The Hobbit characters by J. R. R. Tolkien",
"a fictional island in Gulliver's Travels by Jonathan Swift",
"Frodo Baggins from Lord of the Rings",
"Bilbo Baggins from Lord of the Rings"
] | B. a fictional island in Gulliver's Travels by Jonathan Swift | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_92813 | Which are two parts of the carbon cycle? | [
"freezing and thawing",
"growth and reproduction",
"evaporation and precipitation",
"photosynthesis and respiration"
] | D. photosynthesis and respiration | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_47765 | Have you heard of snake robots? Scientists and doctors are already using tiny snakes that coil through the human body armed with sharp surgical tools to perform operations on hearts, prostate cancer, and other diseased organs. The snake robots that carry tiny cameras, scissors and forceps, and even more advanced sensors are being developed. The next generation of the robots will be wireless, and will explore inside your body on their own--- not attached to any cables. For now, they are powered by cables that humans control. Experts say the day is coming when some robots will roam around the body on their own. But the experts in robotics say the new creations work best when they are designed for very specific tasks. Howie Choset has been researching and building robots, particularly snake robots. He believes that his snake robot and others like it can help reduce medical costs by making complex surgery faster and easier. Choset says his new design is smaller and more flexible than earlier models. The size of surgical robots allows surgeons to operate with far less damage to the body, helping the patient heal faster. Choset has also built larger snake robots designed for search and rescue, or just exploration. They can climb poles and trees and then look around through a camera in the head and slither through places that humans cannot reach. " We sent our snake robots into these caves in the Red Sea to look for evidence of ancient Egyptian ships," he said. " To me, archeology is like search and rescue, but everyone has been dead for 5,000 years." The doctors are very excited about the potential for surgical robots to do things that humans can't do. The variety of sensors available for surgical robots keeps expanding. As they get smaller, maybe one day they will be able to test chemicals or blood in the body, or even the electrical connections in nerves. Which of the following is true, according to the passage? | [
"Snake robots are only used in the medical field.",
"Snake robots can reduce the patients' medical costs.",
"Scientists are uncertain about the prospects for snake robots.",
"Scientists are forced to spend a lot of time researching snake robots."
] | B. Snake robots can reduce the patients' medical costs. | mmlu_train |
aquarat_3826 | The breadth of a rectangular field is 60% of its length. If the perimeter of the field is 800 m.What is the area of the field? | [
"18750 sq.m",
"37500 sq.m",
"40000 sq.m",
"48000 sq.m",
"None of these"
] | B. 37500 sq.m | aquarat |
mmlu_train_75300 | Good morning! I am an English boy. My name is Frank Smith. My telephone number is 451-3175.My pen is blue, and my ruler is white. The girl is Grace Brown. Grace is a nice girl. Her telephone number is 535-9861. Her pen is black, and her ruler is red. Grace and I both like numbers. Numbers are interesting. The girl's last name is _ . | [
"Frank",
"Smith",
"Grace",
"Brown"
] | D. Brown | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_85544 | Most children like chocolates, candies and other kinds of sweet food. Sometimes they put a lot of sugar into their food. They don't know that sugar is bad for their teeth. Children also like fast food. It is _ delicious than home cooking, and children can take it away and eat it anywhere. Other children like to eat too much meat. Fast food or too much meat doesn't help _ a strong and healthy body. Children grow fast. They need to eat more eggs, milk, corn ,fruit, vegetables and other healthy things. Eggs and milk are good for their bones. Corn gives them energy. Fruit and vegetables give them vitamins . Children should eat an egg, and have about 200ml of milk every day. It's best to drink milk after eating bread in the morning. They should eat 150g of corn to give them energy, too. They should also eat an apple or some other fruit with their breakfast. Eating enough vegetables is important for lunch and supper. ,. | [
"much",
"a little",
"much more",
"very"
] | C. much more | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_97254 | Fluids are relocated through a daffodil due to the | [
"ears",
"eyes",
"mouth",
"shoot"
] | D. shoot | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_94548 | Reptiles become more active as the day gets warmer. This is because | [
"they have scaly skin.",
"they have slimy skin.",
"their body temperature stays at a constant level.",
"their body temperature changes with the environment."
] | D. their body temperature changes with the environment. | mmlu_train |
aquarat_52675 | A train 100 m long crosses a platform 125 m long in 15 sec; find the speed of the train? | [
"87 kmph",
"65 kmph",
"54 kmph",
"16 kmph",
"18 kmph"
] | C. 54 kmph | aquarat |
aquarat_33689 | The ratio of pens to pencils is 5 to 6. There are 7 more pencils than pens. How many pencils are there? | [
"36",
"42",
"48",
"55",
"64"
] | B. 42 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_22948 | Winter weather has returned to northern areas of the world. In much of the United States, winter means the return of snow. Snow is a form of frozen water. It contains many groups of tiny ice particles ( ) called snow crystals ( ) . These crystals grow from water particles in cold clouds. They usually grow around a piece of dust. All snow crystals have six sides, but they grow in different shapes. The shape depends mainly on the temperature and water levels in the air. The shape of a snow crystal may change from one form to another as the crystal passes through levels of air with different temperatures. Snow contains much less water than rain. About seventy-five centimeters of snow has as much water as two and one-half centimeters of rain. Generally, the color1 of snow and ice appears white. This is because the light we see from the sun is white. Most natural materials take in some sunlight. However, when light travels from air to snow, some light is sent back, or reflected ( ). Snow crystals have many surfaces to reflect sunlight. It is this light that gives snow its white color1. Much of the water we use comes from snow. Melting snow gives water to rivers and crops. Snowfall helps to protect plants and some wild animals from cold. Fresh snow is made largely of air which is kept among the snow crystals. Because the air has trouble moving, the movement of heat is greatly reduced. However, snow is responsible for the deaths of hundreds of people in the United States every year. Many people die in traffic accidents on roads that are covered with snow or ice. According to the text, snow looks white because _ . | [
"snow is actually white",
"snow crystals are white",
"the reflected light is white",
"the ice particles are white"
] | C. the reflected light is white | mmlu_train |
aquarat_2761 | Two cars, Car1 and Car2 move towards each other from R and Y respectively with respective speeds of 20 m/s and 15 m/s. After meeting each other Car1 reaches Y in 10 seconds. In how many seconds does Car 2 reach R starting from Y? | [
"15.5 sec",
"8.4 sec",
"33.6 sec",
"31.11 sec",
"16.8 sec"
] | D. 31.11 sec | aquarat |
mmlu_train_65760 | A team of engineers at Harvard University has been inspired by Nature to create the first robotic fly. The mechanical fly has become a platform for a series of new high-tech integrated systems. Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks. "It's extremely important for us to think about this as a whole system and not just the sum of a bunch of individual components ," said Robert Wood, the Harvard engineering professor who has been working on the robotic fly project for over a decade. A few years ago, his team got the go-ahead to start piecing together the components. "The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of those components are off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own," he said. They engineered a series of systems to start and drive the robotic fly. "The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings has a number of interdependencies on the individual components, each of which individually has to perform well, but then has to be matched well to everything it's connected to," said Wood. The flight device was built into a set of power, computation, sensing and control systems. Wood says the success of the project proves that the flying robot with these tiny components can be built and manufactured. While this first robotic flyer is linked to a small, off-board power source, the goal is eventually to equip it with a built-in power source, so that it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers' fields or on the battlefield. "Basically it should be able to take off, land and fly around," he said. Wood says the design offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insect-scale. Yet, the power, sensing and computation technologies on board could have much broader applications. "You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals, but using these robots instead," he said. "So there are a lot of technologies and open interesting scientific questions that are really what drives us on a day to day basis." (392 words) The difficulty the team of engineers met with while making the robotic fly was that _ . | [
"they had no model in their mind",
"they did not have sufficient time",
"they had no ready-made components",
"they could not assemble the components"
] | C. they had no ready-made components | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_71395 | Robots have come a long way since 15th century. We've got robots to build cars, carry heavy things, work in dangerous places and explore planets. But things haven't stopped there. In 1986, Honda made a robot called ASIMO. And now, it has been developed greatly. Standing at 130cm and weighing 54kg. ASIMO is very much like a small astronaut wearing a bag on the back. And he can walk, flight, climb and run fast. Isn't it wonderful? The world's first robot teacher is Saya. With her human-like face, she can show expressions like happiness, surprise, sadness, dislike, fear and she can even smile or show anger at students, which look much like a real teacher's. To do this, her rubber skin is pulled from the back with motors inside. And her eyes and mouth have wires too. She can also say some simple words like "hello" or "thank you". In the UK, the development of robots is exciting. The mini-robots will send food, clean floors, collect and throw away waste. These robots can open doors by themselves and stop if anything or anyone is in the way. These mini-robots are very useful for controlling infection . Usually clean and dirty work is done by the same person, but here, you'll have robots that do"dirty work", like collecting dirty sheets, or taking away hospital waste; and you'll have robots that do"clean work", like bringing meals or clean sheets to patients. The robots have separate work so there's no way for infection, which is great. But of course, robots would not take the piece of humans, but would free up more time for nurses to be with patients. But if this is what it's like in 2011, what's it going to be like to 2021? Which of the following is true according to the passage? | [
"Robots have come a long way since 1986.",
"The first robot teacher was made by Honda.",
"Saya looks like a small astronaut.",
"If anyone or anything is in the way, mini-robots will stop."
] | D. If anyone or anything is in the way, mini-robots will stop. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_31746 | International Students' Orientation Programme What is it? It is a course which will introduce you to the College and to Bingham. It takes place in the week before term starts, from 24th-28thSeptember, but you should plan to arrive in Bingham on the 22ndor 23rdSeptember. Why do we think it is important? We want you to have the best possible start to your studies and you need to find out about all the opportunities that college life offers. It will enable you to get to know the college, its facilities and services. You will also have a chance to meet staff and students. How much will it cost? * International students (non-European Union students) For those students who do not come from European Union (EU) countries, and who are not used to European culture and customs, the progamme is very important and you are strongly advised to attend. Because of this, the cost of the programme, without accommodation, is built into your tuition fees. * EU students EU students are welcome to take part in this programme without accommodation for PS195. Accommodation costs (international and EU students) The cost of accommodation for one week is PS165 If you have booked accommodation for the year ahead (41 weeks) through the college, you do not have to pay extra for accommodation. You can ask us to pre-book accommodation for you one week only in a hotel with other International students. What is included during the programme? Meals: lunch and an evening meal are provided as part of the programme. Please note that breakfast is not available. Information: including such topics as accommodation, health, religious matters, study skills, and other necessary information. Social activities: including a welcome party and a half day trip round Bingham. Which of the following might NOT be included in the programme? | [
"Learning how to study in the college",
"Looking for a part-time job in neighborhood.",
"Understanding some taboos in European society.",
"Travelling around Bingham."
] | B. Looking for a part-time job in neighborhood. | mmlu_train |
aquarat_42895 | The distance between 2 cities A and B is 1000km. A train starts from A at 11 a.m. and travels towards B at 100 km/hr. Another starts from B at 12 P.m. and travels towards A at 150 km/hr. At what time do they meet? | [
"11am.",
"12p.m.",
"3pm.",
"4p.m.",
"1p.m."
] | D. 4p.m. | aquarat |
aquarat_18315 | When 52416 is divided by 312, the quotient is 168. what will be the quotient when 52.416 is divided by 0.68? | [
"5",
"6",
"4",
"3",
"8"
] | D. 3 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_70709 | A recent survey of 2000 parents in Britain showed that they are often afraid of science questions asked by their curious children only because they have no idea what the answer is. Here is a list of some simple questions that you can ask your parents to see if they know the answers. Q: Why is the sky blue? A: You probably know white sunlight is made up of seven colors. While it moves in a straight line when going through space, it starts to divide as it hits "raised area" in the atmosphere. The ones with longest wavelengths pass through easily. The blue , however , can be taken in by the gas molecules because it has a shorter wavelength , which in turn scatters it in different directions. That's why when you look up at the sky, it appears to be blue. Q:Why does the moon sometimes appear during the daytime? A: The simple answer to that is because just like any other object it is being lit by the sun. As long as it is around 45 degrees or even 90 degrees off the sun, it will receive light and be able to be seen. The only time it is not able to be seen during its 28-day orbit around the earth is when it is right between the earth and the sun. That's because its back , which is not lit by the sun, is facing us. Q: Where do birds/ honeybees go in winter? A: While the bird part is quite easy, since a lot of them get together and travel, the honeybee part is likely to puzzle your parents. It turns out that these busy insects stop being that active when the temperature drops below 50degF. Instead ,they get together in the lower central area of the hive and form a ball around their queen. This helps keep both warm enough to survive the cold winter months. What do honeybees choose to do when the temperature drops below 50degF? | [
"They choose to be active in the wild.",
"They choose to keep themselves warm.",
"They choose to travel to a warm place.",
"They choose to get together in the upper central area of the hive."
] | B. They choose to keep themselves warm. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_17439 | Monitoring the mood of a pet dog could be used as an early warning sign that an elderly owner is struggling to cope, a new report has claimed. Researchers placed movement sensors on dogs to track their behaviour and identified 17 distinct activities, including chewing, barking, sitting and digging. This allowed them to map the normal behaviour of a healthy, happy dog, which means any changes can be monitored and could indicate an issue with their owner. Nils Hammerla, part of the team from Newcastle University, said, "Humans and dogs have lived together in close relationships for thousands of years, which has led to strong emotional and social mutual bonds." "A dog's physical and emotional dependence on their owner means that their well-being is likely to reflect that of their owner. Any changes such as the dog being walked less often, perhaps not being fed regularly, or simply demonstrating "unhappy" behaviour could be an early indicator for families that an older relative needs help. This is the first system of its kind which allows us to remotely monitor a dog's behaviour in its natural setting." The team of academics, who presented their findings at the 2013 UbiComp conference in Zurich, created a hi-tech, waterproof dog collar for the study. Dr Cas Ladha, who led the study, said: "A lot of our research is focused on developing intelligent systems that can help older people to live independently for longer. But developing a system that _ family and carers that an older relative is well without intruding on the individual's privacy is difficult. This is just the first step but the idea behind this research is that it would allow us to support people without the need for cameras." A range of dogs was used for the study, as the team needed to map distinct behaviours that correlated between different breeds. From the text, we know that Nils Hammerla _ . | [
"led the study and identified 17 activities of dogs",
"thinks some activities of dogs can reflect senior owners' health",
"studied the relationship between humans and animals",
"developed a hi-tech, waterproof dog collar"
] | B. thinks some activities of dogs can reflect senior owners' health | mmlu_train |
aquarat_9138 | A shopkeeper sold an article at $1110 and gained a 20% profit. What was the cost price? | [
"$850",
"$875",
"$900",
"$925",
"$950"
] | D. $925 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_2357 | Agnes learned that the brain, spinal cord, and nerves work together. What do they combine to form? | [
"a cell",
"a tissue",
"an organ",
"a system"
] | D. a system | mmlu_train |
aquarat_34057 | A person has to cover a distance of 100km in 10hour. If he covers one half of the distance in half of the total time; to cover the remaining distance in the remaining time, his speed must be? | [
"20km/hr",
"15km/hr",
"25km/hr",
"10km/hr",
"5km/hr"
] | D. 10km/hr | aquarat |
mmlu_train_16388 | Centuries ago, man discovered that removing moisture from food helps to store it, and that the easiest way to do this is to expose the food to sun and wind. In this way the North American Indians produce pemmican(dried meat ground into powder and made into cakes), the Scandinavians make stockfish and the Arabs dried dates. All foods include water--cabbage and other leaf vegetables contains as much as 93% water, potatoes and other root vegetables 80%, lean meat 75% and fish, anything from 80% to 60%, depending on how fatty it is. If this water is removed, the activity of the bacteria which cause food to go bad is checked. Fruit is sun-dried in Asia Minor, Greece, Spain and other Mediterranean countries, and also in California, South Africa and Australia. Various methods are used, but in general, the fruit is spread out on trays in drying yards in the hot sun. Nowadays most foods are dried mechanically. The method of such dehydration is to put food in chambers through which hot air is blown at temperatures of about 110degC at entry to about 43degC at exit. This is the usual method for drying such things as vegetables, minced meat, and fish. Dried foods take up less room and weigh less than the same food packed in cans or frozen, and they do not need to be stored in special conditions. For these reasons they are invaluable to the climbers, explorers and soldiers in battle, who have little storage space. They are also popular with housewives because it takes so little time to cook them. Usually it is just a case of replacing the dried-out moisture with boiling water. According to the text, the open-air method of drying food _ . | [
"is the one most commonly used today",
"was invented by the American Indians",
"has been known for hundreds of years",
"tends to be unhealthy"
] | C. has been known for hundreds of years | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_15378 | LOS ANGELES - Jesus Ibarra was puzzled by the elderly man. He was obviously much older than other students at prefix = st1 /CentralAultHigh School. And he was an Anglo on a campus where most students are Latins, Blacks, and Asian - Americans. "I asked myself what he was doing here," said Ibarra, 21, of Los Angeles. "I thought he was a visitor. The first time I talked to him, I asked a question in English, and he answered in Spanish. I thought he was white and Jewish. I never imagined that he would speak Spanish." Jacob Blitzstein surprised his fellow students all the time. He isn't some _ man, though he wears his neat gray beard and conservative (traditional) clothes. Blitzstein is warm and gregarious (enjoys being with others). He likes to hear a good joke and loves to tell a good story. He is determined, especially when it comes to realizing his dream. Recently, that dream came true. At a graduation ceremony attended by two of his children and three grandchildren, Blitzstein, 81, graduated from high school. After Principal Lanny Nelms handed him the diploma and announced his age, Blitzstein waved to the audience and cried. And why not? He's probably the oldest CentralHigh Schoolgraduate since the school opened in 1974. According to theLos Angelesdistrict spokesman, although no records of such things are kept, Blitzstein is the oldest graduate he's ever heard of. Earning his diploma took 10 years, during which the retired store owner suffered heart attack and ill health, and lost his wife and two brothers. He kept to his task for a reason. "School is the best medicine you can have," he said. "You have something on your mind - a goal." With his diploma in hand, Blitzstein states that _ . "You know something ? I'm going to college," He told a visitor recently. He has checked out West Los Angeles and Santa Monicacommunity colleges and hopes to move from there to a four-year school. "It's not a joke," he said. "If I live to the year 2008, maybe I'll be a doctor." What was Jacob Blitzstein's dream? | [
"To be the oldest graduate.",
"To graduate from high school.",
"To surprise his fellow students.",
"To invite his children to attend his ceremony."
] | B. To graduate from high school. | mmlu_train |
aquarat_23607 | If each edge of a cube is doubled, then its volume : | [
"Becomes 8 times",
"Becomes 9 times",
"is double",
"Becomes 6 times",
"None"
] | A. Becomes 8 times | aquarat |
mmlu_train_31079 | We've all had a bad feeling soon after a hearty lunch. You can' t stay focused, your energy level falls, and you wish you possessed a warm blanket so you could curl up under your desk for a quick nap. But you have important things to do-like completing that project or leading a team meeting in 1ess than an hour. You don't have to suffer that fate anymore. I have four foods that will get your focus back on track so that you can finish your workday stronger than you started. Keep these products handy in your office, and you'll never suffer from that 2 p. m. mental slog ever again. Green Tea While coffee is an important afternoon pick-me-up, green tea should not be overlooked. The unique combination of the amino acid thiamine and caffeine has been shown across several studies to improve creativity, ability to multitask, and reaction time. Try some amazing tea recipes to get, started. Almonds Almonds are a great afternoon recharger that research from Purdue University shows will also aid in your weight-loss efforts. This is because almonds provide sustained energy: a mix of fat, fiber, and protein.Those elements allow almonds to offer a convenient snack that gives you a smooth shot of energy that comes from controlling your blood sugar levels. Plus, research shows that people who regularly eat nuts have as much as a 50 percent reduced risk of having a heart attack. Greek Yogurt Research from the University of Missouri shows that protein helps your body into better blood sugar control by stimulating the release of the hormone glucagon . Aim for a cup that has 20 t0 23 gram.s of protein for your snack. Dark Chocolate Despite often being viewed as a bad dietary food, dark chocolate can help fight off that urge to take a nap in the middle of the day. While dark chocolate does contain small amounts of caffeine, its real power comes from phenyl ethylamine . Research from Middlesex University in London shows that just smelling chocolate can shift brain activity towards greater attention. Which of the following statements is true? | [
"White coffee can't help us stay focused in the afternoon.",
"Eating Almonds regularly can help us lose weight.",
"Dark Chocolate can help us have a good nap in the afternoo .",
"Having no lunch can help us stay focused in the afternoon."
] | B. Eating Almonds regularly can help us lose weight. | mmlu_train |
aquarat_46477 | A bag contains an equal number of one rupee, 50 paise and 25 paise coins respectively. If the total value is 35, how many coins of each type are there? | [
"20 coin",
"30 coins",
"28 coins",
"25 coins",
"None of these"
] | A. 20 coin | aquarat |
arc_easy_1149 | Which of the following activities is the best example of instinctive behavior in an animal? | [
"A dog sits when told to sit by its owner.",
"A bird avoids an insect that has a bad taste.",
"A newly hatched sea turtle walks toward the ocean.",
"A chimpanzee uses a stick to pull termites from a tree stump."
] | C. A newly hatched sea turtle walks toward the ocean. | arc_easy |
mmlu_train_26030 | NASA has opened the door to the next generation of space discovery by announcing great plans for a base for humans to live on the surface of the moon forever. The project to build a base on the moon will begin soon after 2020, with astronauts living there within four years. The project comes after several excellent scientists and environmentalists asked humans to look beyond Earth to ensure the survival of the species . Eventually, the moon will be a base for humans to explore the solar system and one day land on Mars. NASA began planning for the first moon landing since 1972 when George Bush, the US president, announced his new plan for space exploration four years ago. NASA has already talked about the design of the Orion spacecraft that will replace the old space shuttle fleet in 2010. The plan for the moon base, however, is the first detailed explanation of how NASA intends to prepare for the first manned exploration of deep space and a possible Mars mission within 30 years. Scientists also believe that the south pole on the moon contain rich natural gases such as the rare helium-3 that could be used as fuel for the generation of nuclear power. Besides, teams of astronauts living there for six months at a time would mine for hydrogen and oxygen to make water and possibly rocket fuel. In the future, when people fly to the moon, they will probably not bring with them too much _ | [
"hydrogen",
"food",
"oxygen",
"water"
] | D. water | mmlu_train |
aquarat_13534 | If the function f(x) is defined for all real numbers x as the maximum value of 4x + 4 and 12 + 3x, then for which one of the following values of x will f(x) actually equal 4x + 4 ? | [
"4",
"5",
"6",
"7",
"9"
] | D. 7 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_60183 | After too long on the Net, even a phone call can be a shock. My boyfriend's Liverpudlian accent suddenly becomes too difficult to understand after his clear words on screen; a secretary's tone seems more rejecting than I'd imagined it would be. Time itself becomes fluid--hours become minutes, and alternately seconds stretch into days. Weekends, once a highlight of my week, are now just two ordinary days. For the last three years, since I stopped working as a producer for Charlie Rose, I have done much of my work as a tele-commuter. I submit articles and edit them by E-mail and communicate with colleagues on Internet mailing lists. My boyfriend lives in England; so much of our relationship is computer-mediated. If I desired, I could stay inside for weeks without wanting anything. I can order food, and manage my money, love and work. In fact, at times I have spent as long as three weeks alone at home, going out only to get mail and buy newspapers and groceries. I watched most of the blizzard of '96 on TV. But after a while, life itself begins to feel unreal. I start to feel as though I've merged with my machines, taking data in, spitting them back out, just another node on the Net. Others on line report the same symptoms. We start to strongly dislike the outside forms of socializing. It's like attending an A. A. meeting in a bar with everyone holding a half-sipped drink. We have become the Net opponents' worst nightmare. What first seemed like a luxury, crawling from bed to computer, not worrying about hair, and clothes and face, has become an avoidance ,a lack of discipline. And once you start replacing real human contact with cyber interaction, _ can be quite difficult. At times, I turn on the television and just leave it to chatter in the background, something that I'd never done previously. The voices of the programs relax me, but then I'm jarred by the commercials. I find myself sucked in by soap operas, or needing to keep up with the latest news and the weather. "Dateline", "Frontline" , "Nightline," CNN, every possible angle of every story over and over and over, even when they are of no possible use to me. Work moves from foreground to background. What is the author's attitude to the computer? | [
"At first she likes it but later becomes tired of it.",
"She likes it because it is very convenient.",
"She dislikes it because TV is more attractive.",
"She likes it because it provides an imaginary world."
] | A. At first she likes it but later becomes tired of it. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_97892 | Electrical flow can be slowed down if there is an insulator | [
"protected",
"avoided",
"active",
"demoted"
] | C. active | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_98758 | a producer is a source of energy for | [
"shoes",
"poetry",
"external food eaters",
"rubber"
] | C. external food eaters | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_12353 | A primary school in Wuhan has used new desks and chairs to prevent students from getting short sight. The desks and chairs make students have the correct posture, especially when reading and writing. Each desk has an adjustable steel bar. The bar can help students keep their eyes at least 30cm from books. Zhang Jianming is headmaster of the primary school. She said the new desks and chairs were provided by an eye care centre in the city. The school carried out a survey last September. It showed that about 7 percent of its 1,093 students said they suffered from short sight. The new desks and chairs have already improved the students' posture, but both teachers and students might need more time to get used to them. Yang Lihua is head of the Wuhan Youth Eye Care Center. She said the desks and chairs were introduced to 19 schools on a trial basis. "During our research into short sight, we noticed that the number of students with short sight was increasing. This is because parents are teaching their children to read and write at a very early age without paying enough attention to their posture," she said. Feng Junying is a doctor at Beijing Jingshan School. "I think the new desks and chairs in Wuhan will certainly be helpful," she said. "But bad reading habits at school are not the only reason for short sight. Children are using mobile phones and iPads when they are very young. This can be another reason for short sight at a young age." According to the passage, the adjustable steel bar can help the students keep their eyes _ from books. | [
"20cm",
"25cm",
"29cm",
"32cm"
] | D. 32cm | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_10494 | For 40 years, the people of London have been happy to discover in their parks a bird that seems to have made its way from the Himalayas to the capital of England. With its shocking green body, red mouth, long tail and noisy screech , the rose-ringed parakeet brought a vivid colour to parks in and around London. However, the parakeets are no longer welcome. The government has suddenly woken up to the fact that there are many more parakeets in and around London making life harder for the local bird population. Government experts put the number of parakeets at around 30,000. They fear that if the number of parakeets keeps rising, these birds will push out local birds like wood-peckers, starlings and nuthatches from trees to build their own nests. Not only that. According to an online report by The Independent, the parakeets will then also get control of most of the food available in the parks -- seeds, berries, fruit and nuts. The local bird population will then have a hard time staying alive. An organization called the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) has asked the government to investigate what kind of a threat the parakeet brings to local birds. If the government decides that these birds are indeed a threat to local birds, steps will be taken to control the number of parakeets. The most surprising thing about the case of the rose-ringed parakeet is that no one quite knows how the parakeets came from India and started breeding in areas around London. People are not certain _ . | [
"where the parakeets live",
"how the parakeets breed",
"how they flew to London",
"when they started living in London"
] | C. how they flew to London | mmlu_train |
aquarat_34467 | We can rent a car for x dollars per day for the first 3 days and then y dollars for each additional day. How much will it cost to rent a car for z days, where z>3? | [
"x + zy",
"3y+",
"3x + 3zy",
"3x+",
"3x + zy"
] | D. 3x+ (z-3) y | aquarat |
aquarat_46413 | 150 college students were asked in a survey if they preferred Windows or Mac brand computers. 40 Students claimed that they preferred Mac to Windows brand computers. One third as many of the students who preferred Mac to Windows, equally preferred both brands. 40 of the students had no preference. How many of the students in the survey preferred Windows to Mac brand computers? | [
"25",
"40",
"70",
"60",
"75"
] | C. 70 | aquarat |
arc_easy_229 | A company that makes fences started using a new material instead of wood. The new material will last longer than wood. What is the most likely benefit of the new material? | [
"The new material will keep people safe.",
"The new material will keep pets contained.",
"The new material can make a yard attractive.",
"The new material can save money on replacements."
] | D. The new material can save money on replacements. | arc_easy |
mmlu_train_50752 | To live forever was the dream of many emperors in ancient China.People were ordered to call them Wansui,which means 10,000 years,but no human could live that long.How long can humans really live? According to the latest scientific discovery,humans are able to live up to the age of 120 or perhaps even longer. Several recent studies showed that our life span can be extended far beyond normal limits.Cynthia Kenyon,a professor at the University of California in San Francisco doubled the life of a worm from two weeks to a month.By changing the function of a single gene,known as daf-2,the scientist not only added extra days to the worm's life but also kept it a healthy as worms which were half its age. There are two similar genes in the bodies of mammals.By changing the function of on gene,scientists extended the life of a mouse by 1 8 per cent(or 4.5 months).Another gene is called IGF-1.Researchers still don't know how it affects our body.But by reducing its functions the life of a mouse increases by 33 per cent for 8.6 months).The average life span of a mouse is 26 months. In the experiment of extending life,an ancient saying,"you are what you eat." also seems to be true.Vegetables contain fewer calories than meat,and help to prolong life,scientists say. Research has found that taking in fewer calories affects our lives in a similar way to reducing IGF-1. US biologist John Phelan suggests low calorie diets could increase human life span,but there is no proof yet. Researchers are still waiting for the results of a study started in 1987.Monkeys are fed with low calorie food to see what happens.A monkey's typical life span is 40 years,so there is a little while to wait. In China,average,life expectancy has now reached 70,double that of 1949. Increasing the length of our lives may bring us closer to the dreams of our ancient emperors.But it may also cause social problems such as housing and employment,social scientists have warned. What is the main idea about this passage? | [
"We are able to live longer.",
"The genes affect life span of human beings.",
"A balanced diet prolongs our life.",
"Extending life span has caused terrible social problems."
] | A. We are able to live longer. | mmlu_train |
aquarat_4904 | If one-third of one fourth of a number is 15, then three-tenth of that number is: | [
"35",
"25",
"45",
"54",
"52"
] | D. 54 | aquarat |
aquarat_13740 | Two pipes can fill a tank in 18 minutes and 6 minutes. An outlet pipe can empty the tank in 45 minutes. If all the pipes are opened when the tank is empty, then how many minutes will it take to fill the tank? | [
"1/15",
"1/6",
"1/11",
"1/10",
"1/12"
] | B. 1/6 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_75285 | The rainbow lorikeet is a kind of parrot in the northeast of Australia. It is the most colorful and noisy bird in the world. The bird has green, orange, blue, red, yellow, purple and grey colors on its body. Rainbow lorikeets are small birds. They are usually 11 to 12 inches long and weigh 120g to 140g. It is said that they can live for over 20 years in the wild. They usually live in groups. At night, they sleep in the trees in a big group. But during the daytime, they move in much smaller groups (about 20 birds). Late in the evening, you can sometimes see a larger group flying back home. These birds spend a lot of time looking for food. Most of their food comes from trees, like flowers, nuts and fruit. But sometimes they eat insects. They can get water from the leaves that they eat or drink water directly. Rainbow lorikeets usually start to have families when they are around two years old. When they have baby birds, both the parents help to feed them. How many colors do rainbow lorikeets have? | [
"Four.",
"Five.",
"Six.",
"Seven."
] | D. Seven. | mmlu_train |
m1_pref_251 | Consider the following loaded dice with $6$ faces: $P(S_1=6)=5/6$ and $P(S_1 = x)=1/30$ for $x\in\{1,2,3,4,5\}$. Suppose we throw it indefinitely. Hence, we have a source $S=S_1 S_2 S_3\ldots$. Then, the source is stationary. | [
"True",
"False"
] | A. True | m1_pref |
mmlu_train_25108 | Word Power Author(s): Kaplan $13.95 You'll never be at a loss for words again. Energize your vocabulary with must-know everyday words that are the essentials of a good vocabulary, engaging lessons to help you use words in text, hot words often found on tests, tips to help you figure out new words, roots, and more. Grades: 8 & up Ages: 13 & up Word Smart Junior Author(s): Russell Stauffer $ 17.95 Now this is the way to add new words to your vocabulary! Word Smart Junior will make you laugh so much. You'll be amazed that you've just learned more than 120 fascinating and very useful words! Parents, teachers, and friends will marvel at your eloquence ! Grades: 3-5 Ages: 8-10 Grammar Smart Junior Author(s): Marcia Reynolds $ 16.85 Do you quake when your teacher says, "Now it's time for grammar"? Do your verbs agree with your subjects? Fear no more!A big Hollywood producer and a famous movie star will help you learn all those nasty elements of grammar. You'll be amazed at how quickly you learn, and how much fun it can be. _ and you'll never have to worry about it again. Grades: 7-9 Ages: 12-14 Grammar Smart: An Audio Guide to Perfect Usage Author(s): Julian Fleisher $ 12.68 The words you use say a lot about you ... but the way you put them together says even more. Your grammar makes an immediate and lasting impression on your teachers, and even your friends. So don't make the mistake of thinking that grammar is too complicated. We've created Grammar Smart to help you write and speak with clarity and confidence. Grades: 6-8 Ages: 11-13 The four books are all about _ . | [
"fiction and mysteries",
"parenting and teaching",
"literature and arts",
"language study"
] | D. language study | mmlu_train |
arc_easy_1923 | Changes in the weather are important to people living in Alaska. Which two tools best help scientists to share information about weather? | [
"radio and computer",
"clock and notebook",
"television and hand lens",
"microscope and telephone"
] | A. radio and computer | arc_easy |
mmlu_train_38034 | Laughter healing benefits and healing with laughter have become synonymous with Norman Cousins, the man who laughed himself to wellness. Norman Cousins was the editor of SaturdayReviewfor over 30 years. His story began in 1964, when doctors found that the connective tissue in his spine was becoming worse, which is a condition known as Ankylosing Spondylitis . The doctors, one of whom was a close friend of Cousins, said that his chance of survival was approximately 1 in 500. He read about the theory that negative emotions do harm to the body, so he thought that if negative emotions were damaging to health, then positive emotions should improve health. Faced with the real possibility of his approaching death, Cousins thought long and hard and eventually did three things completely contrary to medical opinion. First he began his own research on all of the various drugs he was on. He discovered that his condition was removing Vitamin C from his body and, based on Cousins' personal research, doctors agreed to take him off several of the drugs he was on and inject him with large doses of this supplement , as Cousins felt this may be his last hope. Secondly, Cousins made a decision to check out of the hospital and into a hotel room. The third thing Cousins did was get a movie projector and a large supply of funny films. On his first night in the hotel Cousins found that he laughed so hard at the films that he was able to stimulate chemicals in his body that allowed him several hours of pain-free sleep. When the pain returned he would simply turn the projector back on and the laughter would help sleep, and he was able to measure the changes in his body by measuring his blood sedimentation rate , and found that this rate dropped by at least 5 points each time he watched one of these videos. The treatment proved to be so effective that in very little time Cousins was off all painkillers and sleeping pills. He found that the laughter relieved the pain and helped him sleep. He returned to work and wrote about his experimental treatment in his book Anatomy of an Illness. In 1989, it was finally acknowledged in the Journal of the American Medical Association that laughter therapy could help improve the quality of life for patients with chronic illness and that laughter has an immediate symptom-relieving effect. According to the passage, Norman Cousins used to be a(n) _ . | [
"writer",
"doctor",
"editor",
"comedian"
] | C. editor | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_9116 | In 1977, Irene Pepperberg of Harvard University began studying what was on another creature's mind by talking to it. Her first experiments began with Alex. Alex was a one-year-old African grey parrot and Irene taught him to produce the sounds of the English language. "I thought if he learned to communicate, I could ask him questions about how he sees the world." At the time, most scientists didn't believe animals had any thoughts. They thought animals were more like robots but didn't have the ability to think or feel. Of course, if you own a pet you probably disagree. But it is the job of a scientist to prove this and nowadays more scientists accept that animals can think for themselves. "That's why I started my studies with Alex," Irene said, "Some people actually called me crazy for trying this." Nowadays, we have more and more evidence that animals have all sorts of mental abilities. Sheep can recognize faces. Chimpanzees use a variety of tools and even use weapons to hunt. And Alex the parrot became a very good talker. Thirty years after the Alex studies began. Irene was still giving him English lessons up until his recent death. For example, if Alex was hungry he could say "want grape". Alex could count to six and was learning the sounds for seven and eight. "He has to hear the words over and over before he can correctly say them." Irene said, after pronouncing "seven" for Alex a few times in a row. Alex could also tell the difference between colors, shapes, sizes, and materials (e.g. wood and metal). Before he finally died, Alex managed to say "seven". Another famous pet that proved some animals have greater mental skills was a dog called Rico. He appeared on a German TV game show in 2011. Rico knew the names of 200 different toys and easily learned the names of new ones. When Rico became famous, many other dog owners wanted to show how clever their pets were. Another dog called Betsy could understand 300 words. One theory for dogs' ability to learn a language is that they have ben close companions to humans for many centuries and so their ability to understand us is constantly evolving . While animals can't do what humans do yet, some scientists believe that examples like Alex and Rico prove that evolution develops intelligence, as well as physical appearance. Irene wanted to find out _ . | [
"what a parrot thinks",
"why a parrot can speak",
"how parrots make sounds",
"if parrots speak English"
] | A. what a parrot thinks | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_46593 | In July 1994 Jupiter, the largest planet in our solar system, was struck by 21 pieces of a comet . When the fragments landed in the southern part of the giant planet, the explosions were watched by scientists here on earth. But what if our own planet was hit by a comet? The year is 2094. It has been announced that a comet is heading towards the Earth. Most of it will miss our planet, but two fragments will probably hit the southern part of the Earth. The news has caused panic. On 17 July, a fragment four kilometers wide enters the Earth's atmosphere with a huge explosion. About half of the fragment is destroyed. But the major part survives and hits the South Atlantic at 200 times the speed of sound. The sea boils and an enormous wave is created and spreads. The wall of water rushes towards southern Africa at 800 kilometres an hour. Cities on the African coast are totally destroyed and millions of people are drowned. The wave moves into the Indian Ocean and heads towards Asia. Millions of people are already dead in the southern part of the Earth, but the north won't escape for long. Tons of broken pieces are thrown into the atmosphere by the explosions. As the sun is hidden by clouds of dust, temperatures around the world fall to almost zero. Crops are ruined. Wars break out as countries fight for food. A year later civilization has collapsed. No more than 10 million people have survived. Could it really happen? In fact, it has already happened more than once in the history of the Earth. The dinosaurs were on the Earth for over 160 million years. Then 65 million years ago they suddenly disappeared. Many scientists believe that the Earth was hit by a space fragment. The dinosaurs couldn't survive in the cold climate that followed and they became extinct. Will we meet the same end? 56.Why does the author mention dinosaurs at the end of the passage? | [
"Because they could only live in the warm climate",
"Because their extinction indicates future disasters",
"Because they once dominated the earth",
"Because dinosaurs and humans never live in the same age"
] | B. Because their extinction indicates future disasters | mmlu_train |
arc_challenge_149 | One similarity between a small, solid sample of aluminum and a large, liquid sample of aluminum is that both samples have | [
"a definite shape.",
"a definite volume.",
"the same number of atoms.",
"the same amount of energy."
] | B. a definite volume. | arc_challenge |
mmlu_train_95469 | Water vapor cooling | [
"will thoroughly evaporate into the air",
"will quickly become ice",
"becomes steam in the atmosphere",
"becomes droplets of h2o on a boiling pot's lid"
] | D. becomes droplets of h2o on a boiling pot's lid | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_95315 | A human who goes long periods of time without nourishment will experience | [
"Starvation",
"Perspiration",
"Fullness",
"happiness"
] | A. Starvation | mmlu_train |
arc_challenge_989 | Newton's work in physics helped to provide mathematical explanations for the earlier conclusions of which scientist? | [
"Ptolemy",
"Aristotle",
"Nicolas Copernicus",
"Dmitri Mendeleev"
] | C. Nicolas Copernicus | arc_challenge |
aquarat_6344 | P and Q started a business investing Rs 75000 and Rs 15000 resp. In what ratio the profit earned after 2 years be divided between P and Q respectively. | [
"5:1",
"17:3",
"5:6",
"17:7",
"3:8"
] | A. 5:1 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_71960 | In a chatting room on the Internet, some children are talking about what they like to do at school. Flying Fish: I think music is my favourite. I like listening to many beautiful English songs. I need to feel _ after a day's work. So I often listen to my favourite music after supper. Singing Bird: I like music, too. But I only listen to Chinese songs. I also like drawing. Maybe I can be a great painter when I grow up. I also like reading. Reading makes me clever. Jumping Tiger: I don't like music or drawing. They are a waste of time, I think. I am a good basketball player. I can help our school team win. Don't you think it's cool? Running football: I am not a good basketball player. But I play football well. Playing football makes me strong. I feel great when I am on the football field. I spend half an hour a day playing football. Swimming Cat: I am not like many other boys. I don't like sports very much. I just think reading is my favourite. I can learn a lot from books. I spend an hour reading books every day. How long does Running Football play football every day? | [
"Half an hour.",
"More than 3 hours.",
"Seven hours.",
"One hour."
] | A. Half an hour. | mmlu_train |
arc_easy_1536 | Which human activity has most negatively affected air quality? | [
"burning coal",
"growing crops",
"using solar energy cells",
"constructing nuclear power plants"
] | A. burning coal | arc_easy |
mmlu_train_55212 | Michael Fish may soon be replaced as a weather forecaster by the shark . Research by a British biology student suggests that sharks could be used to predict storms. Lauren Smith, 24, is close to completing her study on shark's ability to sense pressure. If her studies prove the theory, scientists may be able to monitor the behavior of sharks to predict bad weather. Miss Smith had previously studied the behavior of lemon sharks in the Bahamas. She then used their close relatives, lesser spotted dogfish, for further research at Aberdeen University. Her work---thought to be the first of its kind to test the pressure theory ---- resulted from the observation that juvenile blacktip sharks off Florida moved into deeper water ahead of a violent storm in 2001. Miss Smith said: "I've always been crazy about traveling and diving and this led me to an interest in sharks." "I was delighted to have been able to research in the area for my degree. I know there's so much more we need to understand ---- but it certainly opens the way to more research." It has been discovered that a shark senses pressure using hair cells in its balance system. At the Bimini Shark Lab in the Bahamas, Miss Smith fixed hi-tech sensors to sharks to record pressure and temperature, while also tracking them using GPS (Global Positioning System) technology. In Aberdeen, she was able to study the effects of tidal and temperature changes on dogfish----none of which were harmed. She also used a special lab which can mimic oceanic pressure changes caused by weather fronts. She is due to complete her study and graduate later this year. She says she will be looking for a job which will give her the chance to enrich her experience of shark research. Lauren Smith conducted her research by _ . | [
"removing hair cells from a shark's balance system",
"measuring the air pressure of weather fronts",
"recording sharks' body temperature",
"monitoring sharks' reaction to weather changes"
] | D. monitoring sharks' reaction to weather changes | mmlu_train |
aquarat_49099 | The area of the square formed on the diagonal of a rectangle as its side is 108 1/3 % more than the area of the rectangle. If the perimeter of the rectangle is 28 units, find the difference between the sides of the rectangle? | [
"3m",
"5m",
"8m",
"2m",
"1m"
] | D. 2m | aquarat |
mmlu_train_84010 | We know that many animals do not stay ill one place. Birds, fish and other animals move from one place to another at a certain time. They move for different reasons: most of them move to find food more easily, but others move to get away from places that are too crowed. When cold weather comes, many birds move to warmer places to find food. Some fishes give birth in warm water and move to cold water to feed. The most famous migration is probably the migration of the fish, which is called "salmon" . This fish is born in fresh water but it travels many miles to salt water. There it spends its life. When it is cold, it returns to its birthplace in fresh water. Then it gives birth and dies there. In northern Europe, there is a kind of mouse. They leave their mountain homes when they become too crowded. They move down to the low land. Sometimes they move all the way to the seaside, and many of them are killed when they fall into the sea. Recently, scientists have studied the migration of a kind lobster . Every year, when the season of bad weather arrives, the lobster get into a long time and start to walk across tile floor of the ocean. Nobody knows why they do this, and nobody knows where they go. So, sometimes we know why humans and animals move from one place to another, but at other times we don't. Maybe living things just like to travel. ,. What is the main idea of the passage? | [
"Animals move in order to find food more easily.",
"The migration of the fish called \"Salmon\" is the most famous migration.",
"Living things move from one place to another because they like to travel.",
"Sometimes we know why and how living things move from one place to another, but sometimes we don't."
] | D. Sometimes we know why and how living things move from one place to another, but sometimes we don't. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_6372 | Some people don't mind being fat. Other people can keep slim( ) without any effort. But a lot of people do put on too much weight and don't like it. The question is : what can they do about it? Some believe exercise can be helpful. But the trouble is that it only makes you want to eat more. You might sweat out a couple of pounds playing tennis or climbing a mountain, but you put it all back on again with a big steak or bread and jam. A helpful way is food - choosing. But what sort of food should you choose? Some believe that the less they eat, the slimmer they will be. They don' t eat anything until they become weak with hunger. Some stick to milk and bananas. You' 11 find you need a lot of bananas, and unless you live where they grow, they aren't cheap. Another theory says that if you eat things like hard - boiled eggs, apples with their skins on, and lean meat which are hard for your stomach to digest, the more you eat, the thinner you get. This is because you use up the fat in your body to get the energy to digest the food. For most of us these methods are too extreme . The simplest way is just to cut down on the carbohydrates; that means not eating bread, potatoes, cakes, sugar, rice , and so on and eating anything else you like. It' s straight -- forward and often quite effective. Still others like to be more scientific. They are calorie counters. They get a table which tells them that, for example, 100 grams of roast leg of lamb give you 330 calories and a 50 gram of Yorkshire pudding gives you 130 calories. Which of the following do you think is the best title for the passage? | [
"Various Ways of Losing Weight",
"Don't Eat Too Mud",
"Ways to Keep Fit",
"Food and Health"
] | A. Various Ways of Losing Weight | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_82709 | With the development of science, more and more students don't like taking notes by hand. Instead, they use digital cameras to take pictures of the words that their teachers write on the blackboard or record what their teachers say in class. The children might think there are too many notes to take or their teachers write or speak so fast that they can't take more specific notes. They are trying to find ways to make things easier, so they use digital cameras. In fact, children are very clever to make use of technology . But do digital cameras really make taking notes easier? Not really. Before you read notes from digital cameras, there are a lot of things you have to do. To begin with, you have to find a computer. Then you need to copy the photos into the computer. Next, you have to find a printer to print the photos. Another thing is that you can't hear the sound from the digital cameras clearly because there is usually lots of _ . You will have to listen to it slowly several times before you understand everything. In fact, taking notes by hand has many advantages. For example, it can help you remember and understand what you are learning. In order to save time, you can choose the most important things or the things you don't understand to write down. You don't have to write down everything. Don't be afraid to take notes by hand. It's really an effective way. Why do more and more students take notes with digital cameras but not by hand? | [
"Because they want to take right notes.",
"Because their teachers want them to do so.",
"Because they want to make taking notes easier.",
"Because they always want to try new things."
] | C. Because they want to make taking notes easier. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_5824 | American black bears appear in a variety of colors despite their name. In the eastern part of their range , most of these bears have shiny black fur, but in the west they grow brown, red or even yellow coats. To the north, the black bear is actually gray or white. Even in the same litter , both brown and black furred bears may be born. Black bears are the smallest of all American bears, ranging in length from 5 to 6 feet, weighing from 300 to 500 pounds. Their eyes and ears are small and their eyesight and hearing are not as good as their sense of smell. Like all bears, the black bear is shy, clumsy and rarely dangerous. However, if cornered, the black bear can become a fearful enemy. Black bears feed on leaves, roots, fruit, insects, fish and even larger animals. One of the most interesting characteristics of bears, including the black bear, is their winter sleep. Unlike many other animals, bears do not actually hibernate . Although the bear does not eat during the winter months, its temperature remains almost normal, and it breathes regularly four or five times per minute. Most black bears live alone, except during the mating season . A litter of one to four cubs is born in January or February and they remain with their mother until they are fully grown or about one and a half years old. Black bears can live as long as thirty years in the wild, and even longer in game preserves set aside for them. American black bears have a good sense of _ . | [
"smell",
"hearing",
"eyesight",
"taste"
] | A. smell | mmlu_train |
aquarat_10389 | The angles of a triangle are in the ratio 1:3:8. Find the measures of the three angles of this triangle. | [
"15° ,45° ,110°",
"15° ,45° ,130°",
"15° ,45° ,110°",
"15° ,35° ,110°",
"25° ,45° ,110°"
] | C. 15° ,45° ,110° | aquarat |
mmlu_train_92863 | Which of the following allows the planets to stay in orbit? | [
"the Moon's gravity",
"the Sun's gravity",
"magnetism",
"rotation"
] | B. the Sun's gravity | mmlu_train |
aquarat_39977 | March 11, 2003 is a Tuesday. What will be the day on which march 11 2004 comes?? | [
"Thursday",
"Friday",
"Saturday",
"Sunday",
"Monday"
] | A. Thursday | aquarat |
mmlu_train_28225 | Hello, Listeners. Welcome to Henton Hospital Radio. Before our music programme at four, I'm going to repeat some of our hospital rules. The hospital can sleep 800 patients. There're 8 beds in each ward . The visiting hours are in the afternoon from 2:30 to 3:30 and in the evening from 7:00 to 8:00. But remember only two people can see you at the same time. Sorry about that, but you can see what would happen if we didn't have these rules. The other rules are about our hours. We start quite early---you might not be used to that. We wake you at 6 o'clock, and breakfast is at 8 o'clock, lunch is at noon. There's tea at 3:30 and supper is at 6 o'clock. You can see the non-smoking sign---we don't allow smoking in the wards. I'm sure you understand why. However, if you do need to smoke, there are some smoking rooms where it is allowed. You will find the radio switch on the wall near your bed, with your own headphones, if you want to listen. It's our own hospital radio wishing you a quick recovery. Who do you think the listeners might be? | [
"Patients.",
"Visitors.",
"Doctors",
"Nurses"
] | A. Patients. | mmlu_train |
aquarat_25944 | 125 liters of a mixture of milk and water contains in the ratio 3:2. How much water should now be added so that the ratio of milk and water becomes 3:4? | [
"12 liters",
"32 liters",
"41 liters",
"50 liters",
"34 liters"
] | D. 50 liters | aquarat |
aquarat_20403 | Three integers are at random chosen between 0 and 9 inclusive. What is the probability R that each number is different ? | [
"A.18/25",
"B.4/5",
"C.81/100",
"D.9/10",
"E.1"
] | A. A.18/25 | aquarat |
m1_pref_179 | In Ranked Retrieval, the result at position k is non-relevant and at k+1 is relevant. Which of the following is always true?
Hint: P@k and R@k are the precision and recall of the result set consisting of the k top-ranked documents. | [
"P@k-1>P@k+1",
"R@k-1=R@k+1",
"R@k-1<R@k+1",
"P@k-1=P@k+1"
] | C. R@k-1<R@k+1 | m1_pref |
arc_easy_595 | A caterpillar changing into a butterfly is an example of | [
"instinct.",
"duplication.",
"reproduction.",
"metamorphosis."
] | D. metamorphosis. | arc_easy |
aquarat_29246 | A student gets an aggregate of 60% marks in five subjects in the ratio 10 : 9 : 8 : 7 : 6. If the passing marks are 50% of the maximum marks and each subject has the same maximum marks, in how many subjects did he pass the examinaiton? | [
"2",
"3",
"4",
"5",
"6"
] | D. 5 | aquarat |
aquarat_40720 | The greatest possible length which can be used to measure exactly the length 5m ,2m 19cm, 4m 20 cm is? | [
"25cm",
"1cm",
"56cm",
"42cm",
"35cm"
] | B. 1cm | aquarat |
mmlu_train_20993 | For better eyesight, doctors advise limiting the hours of screen time and encourage having enough eye resting time. However, another study shows that sitting in front of computer or TV screens for long hours is not the only reason formyopia . An Australian research team studied young children in Sydney and Singapore to find the reasons for myopia. The research team found that theprevalence of myopia among children in Sydney was lower than children in Singapore, even though they spent more time in front of computer and TV screens. The major finding is that children in Sydney spend longer hours on outdoor activities than those in Singapore. Indoor and outdoor sports activities both make the eyes focus on more distant objects, which prevents the eyes from changing shape. But outdoor activities may better help avoid myopia than indoor sports activities. Jane Gwiazda, who does research in sight problems, says: "Natural light is good for eye growth. And extra vitamin D from the sun might contribute to eye growth." Many doctors suggest that every child get its first eye test done when he/she is about two and half years old, and even if his/her sight seems perfect. It is necessary for myopic children to wear glasses to prevent headaches, trouble reading or injuries. It is also important that schools invite doctors to test their students' eyes. If that is not possible, school teachers should at least encourage parents and children to have regular eye examinations and wear glasses. And parents should remember not only to limit the total screen time for their children, but also to encourage them to spend time outdoors. What conclusion can we draw from the passage ? | [
"Sydney children don't study hard.",
"Singapore children do few exercises.",
"Outdoor activities do more good to eyes.",
"Room light does harm to children's eyes."
] | C. Outdoor activities do more good to eyes. | mmlu_train |
arc_challenge_477 | The human skin plays an important role in a variety of organ systems. Which organ system is least likely to have a direct interaction with the skin? | [
"digestive",
"excretory",
"immune",
"nervous"
] | A. digestive | arc_challenge |
mmlu_train_92316 | There is a saying, "An apple a day keeps the doctor away." Although eating properly is important, being kind to others is also good tor your health. Studies show that people who perform kind acts are more relaxed, happier, and healthier than other people. In one study at Arizona State University researchers, found that many volunteers experienced a sudden feeling of joy, followed by a long period of calm, after performing a kind act. This feeling, called "a help's high" may actually help reduce stress as the body releases naturally painkillers. Stress can cause' serious health problems, and heart depression, and .sleeping problems. However, the study found that volunteers had fewer *stress-related health problems when they did helpful things for other people. The study also found that people who did nice things for others felt better about themselves as well. They had higher self-esteem , and were' happier. Many believe this is because volunteers spend more of their time with other people. People who are more outgoing are often healthier. Another study at the University of Michigan's Survey Research Center confirmed the health benefits of volunteering. A ten-year study showed that people who volunteered live longer than those who didn't. Although you shouldn't need a reason to be helpful, it is nice to know that kindness may help you live longer. Another study of almost 3 ,000 men showed that people who volunteered _ . | [
"lived longer",
"needed a reason to be helpful",
"wanted to live longer",
"had lower self-esteem"
] | A. lived longer | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_23976 | Tu Youyou has become the first Chinese woman to win a Nobel Prize, for her work in helping to create an anti-malaria medicine. The 84-year-old's route to the honour has been anything but traditional. In China, she is being called the "three nos" winner: no medical degree, no doctorate, and she's never worked overseas. In 1967, malaria, a then deadly disease, spread by mosquitoes was _ Chinese soldiers fighting Americans in the jungles of northern Vietnam. A secret research unit "Mission 523 "was formed to find a cure for the illness. Two years later, Tu Youyou was instructed to become the new head of "Mission 523". "Mission523" read ancient books carefully for a long time to find historical methods of fighting malaria. When she started her search for an anti-malarial drug, more than 240,000 compounds around the world had already been tested, without any success. Finally, the team found a brief reference to one substance, sweet wormwood , which had been used to treat malaria in China around 400 AD. The team took out one active compound in wormwood, and then tested it. But nothing was effective until Tu Youyou returned to the original ancient text. After another careful reading, she changed the drug recipe one final time, heating the compound without allowing it to reach boiling point. After the drug showed promising results in mice and monkeys, Tu Youyou volunteered to be the first human recipient of the new drug. " In any case, Tu Youyou is consistently praised for her drive and passion. One former colleague. Lianda Li, says Ms Tu is "unsociable and quite straightforward", adding that "if she disagrees with something, she will say it." Another colleague, Fuming Liao, who has worked with Tu Youyou for more than 40 years, describes her as a "tough and stubborn woman". Stubborn enough to spend decades piecing together ancient texts, she applies them to modern scientific practices. The result has saved millions of lives. Tu Youyou can be best described as a _ person. | [
"devoted and stubborn",
"straightforward and mean",
"considerate and tough",
"sociable and generous"
] | A. devoted and stubborn | mmlu_train |
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