id stringlengths 9 18 | question stringlengths 4 4.81k | choices listlengths 2 13 | full_answer stringlengths 4 180 | dataset stringclasses 5
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mmlu_train_65178 | Scientists have not come close to understanding all the different kinds of life on the planet, but US researcher Craig Venter is already working on creating the first artificial life. Venter and his researchers made a breakthrough this August. They successfully moved the DNA of one type of bacteria to a yeast cell, changed it, then put it into another bacterial cell. "Bacteria have systems that protect them from foreign DNA," Venter explained to the BBC. In the experiment, the team managed to block this system. The experiment was performed on a simple type of bacteria called Mycoplasma mycoides. The team took the bacteria's genes and put them into a yeast cell. Putting the DNA in a yeast cell allowed the team to change the genes----in this case, taking out a gene that was not necessary for the bacteria to live. They then put the gene into a host bacteria cell. The cell went on to divide normally, producing new healthy bacteria. In January, the team created artificial genes of a new type of bacteria. Their next goal is to put the artificial DNA into a host cell to create a new species, according to a report inSciencemagazine. "If we don't make any errors, I think it should work and we should have the first artificial species by the end of the year," Venter said in the report. The first artificial life from is likely to be a simple man-made bacteria, to prove that the technology can work. But that form will be followed by more complex bacteria that turn coal into cleaner natural gas, or algae that can take in carbon dioxide and change it into fuel. Many scientists think it's good news to have this artificial life, but others are worried that the technology to create new organisms might end up in the wrong hands, with dangerous results. Craig Venter and his team are working to _ . | [
"create a new animal",
"clone a new species",
"produce the first artificial bacteria",
"develop a new system"
] | C. produce the first artificial bacteria | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_6074 | Cassandra Feeley finds it hard to manage on her husband's income. So this year she did something more than a hobby :She planted vegetables in her yard. For her first garden, Ms. Feeley has put in 15 tomato plants, and five rows of a variety of vegetables. The family's old farm house has become a chicken house, its residents arriving next month. Last year, Ms. Rita Gartin kept a small garden. This year she has made it much larger because, she said, "The cost of everything is going up and I was looking to lose a few pounds, too;so it's a win-win situation all around." They are among the growing number of Americans who, driven by higher living costs and a falling economy , have taken up vegetable gardening for the first time. Others have increased the size of their existing gardens. Seed companies and garden shops say that not since the 1970s there has been such an increase in interest in growing food at home. Now many gardens across the country have been sold out for several months. In Austin, Tex, some of the gardens have a three-year waiting list. George C.Ball Jr., owner of a company, said sales of vegetable seeds and plants are up by 40% over last year, double the average growth of the last five years. Mr. Ball argues that some of the reasons have been building for the last few years. The big one is the striking rise in the cost of food like bread and milk, together with the increases in the price of fruits and vegetables. Food prices have increased because of higher oil prices. People are now driving less, taking fewer vacations, so there is more time to garden. Why is vegetable gardening becoming increasingly popular? | [
"More Americans are doing it for fun.",
"The price of oil is lower than before.",
"There's a growing need for fruits.",
"The cost of living is on the rise."
] | D. The cost of living is on the rise. | mmlu_train |
arc_challenge_984 | How do coal and the sun compare as sources of energy? | [
"Coal is renewable, and the sun is renewable.",
"Coal is renewable, and the sun is nonrenewable.",
"Coal is nonrenewable, and the sun is renewable.",
"Coal is nonrenewable, and the sun is nonrenewable."
] | C. Coal is nonrenewable, and the sun is renewable. | arc_challenge |
mmlu_train_11780 | The vast jungles of the Amazon rainforest are home to tribes mostly isolated from the outside world, whose way of life, largely unchanged for hundreds of years, is now increasingly threatened by modern civilization. Now, scientists discover they can monitor these "uncontacted tribes" using satellites, which would allow inexpensive and safe tracking of these tribes in order to protect them from outside threats. In order to help preserve these uncontacted Indians, researchers need accurate estimates of their populations. One way to collect this data involves flying over their villages, but such over-flights are both expensive and could fill these native peoples with fear. Another strategy involves meeting individuals on the ground, but among other risks, scientists could accidentally spread disease to members of the tribes. Instead, scientists investigated whether satellite images could monitor uncontacted tribes. The result was inspiring. They confirmed their locations and measured the sizes of their village, houses and gardens. "We can find isolated villages with remote sensing and study them over time." Walker told Live Science. "We can ask: Are they growing? Do they move?" Surprisingly, based on the sizes of the houses and villages, the scientists find the population densities of these isolated villages are about 10 times greater, on average, than other villages of native Brazilian peoples. This may be due to the fact that they have to live closer together because they are not as good at clearing the forest, since they lack modern devices like chainsaws and tractors, the researchers said. The tribes may also be afraid of spreading out due to fear of being attacked by outsiders, Walker said. The researchers now plan to focus on 29 more isolated villages to "look at their ecology-- that is, distance from rivers and roads--and use this to model where else we can find more isolated villages," Walker said. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? | [
"The Disappearing of the Ancient Amazon Tribes.",
"Discovery of Indian Tribes in Remote Mountains.",
"The Threatening of Modern Civilization to Tribes.",
"Research of Isolated Tribes with Modern Devices."
] | D. Research of Isolated Tribes with Modern Devices. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_45404 | Some plants get so hungry they eat flies, and even small frogs. What's more amazing is that these plants occur naturally (in special environments) in every state. In fact, they're found on every continent except Antarctica. You've probably seen a Venus' flytrap -- a small plant, which grows 6 to 8 inches tall in a container. At the end of its stalks are leaves that act like traps . Inside each trap is a lining of tiny hairs. When an insect lands on them, the traps suddenly shut. Over the course of a week or so, the plant feeds on its catch. The Venus' flytrap is just one of more than 500 species of meat-eating plants, says Barry Meyers-Rice, the editor of the International Carnivorous Plant Society's Newsletter. He states although you might have read some science-fiction stories, no meat-eating plant does any danger to humans. Barry says a plant is meat-eating, only if it does all four of the following: "attract, kill, digest, and absorb" some form of insects. Meat-eating plants look and act like other green plants -- well, most of the time. All green plants make sugar to produce food. What makes meat-eating plants different is their special leaves, which need insects for one reason: nitrogen . Nitrogen is a nutrient that they can't obtain any other way. Why? Almost all green plants on our planet get nitrogen from the soil. Meat-eating plants can't. They live in places where nutrients are hard to get from the soil because of its acidity. So they've come to rely on getting nitrogen from insects and small animals. In fact, nutrient-rich soft is poisonous to meat-eating plants. Never fertilize them! But don't worry, either, if they never seem to catch any insects. They can survive, but they'll grow very slowly. Meat-eating plants grow very slowly, _ . | [
"so you'd better fertilize them",
"probably because the supply of nitrogen is cut off",
"simply because they can't absorb nitrogen from the soil",
"and then they will die slowly"
] | B. probably because the supply of nitrogen is cut off | mmlu_train |
aquarat_43532 | A man can row upstream at 7 kmph and downstream at 10kmph.find man’s rate in still water and the rate of current. | [
"1.5 km/hr",
"2.5 km/hr",
"3.5 km/hr",
"4.5 km/hr",
"5.5 km/hr"
] | A. 1.5 km/hr | aquarat |
arc_easy_1293 | Tony is studying ladybugs in a garden. Which of these would BEST help Tony to count the spots on a ladybug? | [
"Stopwatch",
"Thermometer",
"Measuring cup",
"Magnifying glass"
] | D. Magnifying glass | arc_easy |
mmlu_train_29847 | Animals are considered to be endangered if the species is close to extinction throughout all or most of its environment. Animals become endangered for a variety of reasons. Some animals become endangered when their habitats contain resources for humans. For example, commercial forest cutting in the Amazon Rainforest has seriously reduced the population of many animal species and lead to the extinction of other groups. Land itself is an important resource to humans since it provides us with living space, and when people replace animal habitats with human habitats, it can lead to larger loss of natural species. Commercial and industrial operations may reduce land or water for animals and pollute their environment. Due to water pollution, the baiji, a fresh water dolphin native to China, was declared extinct, meaning it's unlikely the population can recover. Even noise pollution from human activities can lead to the disorder of animal behavior. Another cause that makes animals become endangered is over-fishing or over-hunting. Over-hunting whales led to near extinction of many species of whales. The introduction of a non-native species to a habitat may make animals become endangered. The native species may not defend against a new one, and the effects can be dangerous. In Australia, the introduction of the common house cat led to the extinction of the red-fronted parakeet and has seriously damaged the populations of several small animals. Introduced species can also bring new diseases with them. As a result, animals become endangered. Native animals may not have the power to fight against non-native diseases, and population levels can suffer. Another cause of disease is human-introduced chemicals. The use of DDT is believed to be one of the leading causes in driving the California Condor to near extinction. When animals become endangered, the entire food chain can be affected. For example, in 2008 disease seriously harmed the honeybee, which is largely responsible for pollinating plants, including many fruits and vegetables. Without their pollination, a very large part of the human diet could be reduced. In fact, if the honeybee should become extinct, our life would be affected and billions of dollars would be lost. Therefore, many people argue that when animals become endangered it is in man's own self-interest to protect them. The California Condor is in danger of dying out because of _ . | [
"loss of habitat",
"harmful chemicals",
"forest cutting",
"unfamiliar diseases"
] | B. harmful chemicals | mmlu_train |
arc_challenge_887 | A country that has limited resources would most likely focus on the development of technology that includes | [
"water treatment.",
"space exploration.",
"robotic automation.",
"satellite communications."
] | A. water treatment. | arc_challenge |
arc_easy_870 | Which of the following groups of organisms uses sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugar and oxygen? | [
"carnivores",
"decomposers",
"herbivores",
"producers"
] | D. producers | arc_easy |
mmlu_train_59629 | A special laboratory at the University of Chicago is busy only at night. It is a dream laboratory where researchers are at work studying dreamers. Their findings have discovered that everyone dreams from three to seven times a night, although in ordinary life a person may remember none or only one of his dreams. While the subjects--usually students--sleep, special machines record their brain waves and eye movements as well as the body movements that signal the end of a dream. Surprisingly, all subjects sleep soundly. Observers report that a person usually fidgets before a dream. Once the dream has started, his body relaxes and his eyes become more active, as if the curtain had gone up on a show. As soon as the machine shows that the dream is over, a buzzer wakens the sleeper. He sits up, records his dream, and goes back to sleep--perhaps to dream some more. Researchers have found that if the dreamer is wakened immediately after his dream, he can usually recall the entire dream. If he is allowed to sleep even five more minutes, his memory of the dream will have disappeared. Their finding has discovered that _ . | [
"everyone dreams every night",
"dreams are easily remembered",
"dreams are likely to be frightening",
"One person dreams only one dream a night"
] | A. everyone dreams every night | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_41266 | There is no doubt that to study abroad gives you an excellent opportunity to learn things which are very helpful in your career building. Today Canada has earned a good name in providing quality education and safe healthy environment for its students. That is why more than 130,000 international students enroll every year in famous Canadian universities. It is an ideal education destination and gives students a unique experience of education and its versatile arts and culture. Canada spends a lot on education and is ranked the highest in G-8 countries. To study in Canada is very cost effective. These universities are affordable compared to other universities in the world such as in the US, New Zealand and UK where cost of education and living is very high. According to a survey in 2006, "Canada offered the lowest tuition fees for foreign students compared to UK and Australia." The low rate of crimes and the peaceful safe environment of the country also attracts a lot of international students to Canadian universities. Canada has 92 universities and 175 community colleges and university degrees have three levels--Bachelor's , Master's and Doctoral . A Bachelor's degree in Canada is for three or four years' full-time study depending on the nature of the program you are doing. On the other hand, a Master's degree consists of two years of study. For a Doctoral program in Canadian universities, you require a minimum (/) of three to four or sometimes five years of research and study. You can also find many diploma and certification program in Canadian universities where the time is generally one year. Some of the Canadian universities are well-regarded worldwide and the degree and diploma obtained from these Canadian universities are recognized globally and promise bright future. After the completion of studies, a person could also find great job offers in Canada itself. International students require a work permit to work on campus. What's the author's attitude towards studying in Canada? | [
"Favorable",
"Critical",
"Doubtful",
"Not mentioned"
] | A. Favorable | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_54885 | The red crab lives on Christmas Island in the Indian Ocean and has been found nowhere else in the world. But on its homeland it is a very significant species -- some 120 million individuals cover the rain forest floor and play a major role in determining the structure of the ecosystem. These large crabs are active during the day but prefer to stay in the shade and can die in the heat of direct sunlight. They feed on fallen leaves, seeds, fruits and flowers, recycling nutrients and helping to determine the spread and composition of native plants. Most of the year the red crabs live in the holes they dig throughout the forest. During the dry season they hide in these shelters to keep their body wet and remain there for two to three months. But when wet season returns in October or November they begin a legendary mass migration to their seaside breeding grounds, moving in color1ful wave that wash over all obstacles like roads (including special passages and some closed roads built for the red crab) and even seaside cliffs. The annual migration is also closely tied to the lunar schedule. The crabs arrive at the coast and breed at such a time that the females can produce eggs and develop them in caves for a dozen or so days before carrying them into the sea exactly when high tide turns between the last quarter and new moon. During this period sea level on the beaches varies the least and offers an easier approach, which is so important that if the weather delays the migration crabs will put off laying eggs until the next lunar month. Red crab eggs grow right away, and the young live in the sea for a month before returning to the coast, changing into air breathers, and slowly returning inland to begin the cycle once again. The red crab is a very significant species on its homeland because _ . | [
"it's gradually dying out",
"it's not found anywhere else",
"it's well protected by the local people",
"its huge population affects its native ecosystem"
] | D. its huge population affects its native ecosystem | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_43793 | People around the world used their computers to buy goods, communicate with others, listen to music, see pictures and learn about different places and ideas. In 2006, more people around the world used new ways to communicate and connect with each other through the Internet. The blog is one form of communication that enjoys growing popularity. Blog is a short way of saying Web log. Through these personal websites, people can share their experiences, ideas and opinions with anyone on the Internet. People of all ages have their own blogs. For young people, they are a way to show their writings and other forms of self-expression. Many websites offer free services to create personal Web pages and fill them with writings and pictures. These sites include "MySpace" used mainly by teenagers and young adults. My Space is an online community that lets people share messages and pictures with an increasing number of friends. It is the most popular social networking site on the Web. YouTube is another Internet site that became more popular this year. This website lets anyone create, share and watch short videos. People can watch almost anything on YouTube: news, sports and entertainment events. There are music videos, and videos made by people in their own homes. These include videos of people singing or dancing, or animals doing funny things. Three young men created YouTube almost two years ago as a personal video sharing service. They recently sold it to Google for more than one and one half billion dollars. Games and entertainment also became a larger part of the Internet this year. One Internet social site is called Second Life. It is an online world in which computer users create a new self and live a different life. They get married, build homes, operate businesses, buy and sell goods, work, play and attend school. Blogs are popular with young people because they can _ . | [
"share ideas with their friends there",
"download videos or music there",
"make lots of money there",
"live a new life there"
] | A. share ideas with their friends there | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_35892 | Spending a lot of time watching TV, playing video games and surfing the Web causes a lot of healthy problems to children such as overweight and smoking, US researchers said yesterday. U.S. experts analyzed 173 studies on how media sources influence the physical health of children and adolescents . The studies, mostly carried out in the prefix = st1 /United States, largely focused on television, but some looked at video games, films, music, computer and Internet use. Three quarters of them found that increased media viewing was connected with poor health. The studies offered strong evidence that children who get more media exposure are more likely to become overweight, start smoking and begin earlier sexual activity than those who spend less time in front of a screen, the researchers said. Studies also showed more media exposure is linked to drug and alcohol use and poorer school performance. "We were pretty surprised by the number of studies that showed these negative health results," said one of the researchers in the report. For decades, experts have worried about the effect on young viewers of the violence and sexual content in some TV programs, movies and video games. Another issue is that kids are spending time sitting on a couch watching TV or playing computer games when they could be running around outside. One study found that children who spend more than eight hours watching TV per week at age 3 are more likely to be overweight at 7. And research showed that many USchildren watch far more. Another study showed TV and other media content can have a deep influence on children's attitudes and beliefs, particularly among teens. A US study published in November showed that adolescents who watched more programs with sexual themes had a higher risk of becoming pregnant or causing a pregnancy. Thirteen of 14 studies that evaluated sexual behavior found a connection between media exposure and earlier sexual behavior, the researchers said. How did the experts carry out their research? | [
"By examining health problems including overweight and smoking.",
"By analyzing 173 studies on influences of media sources.",
"By watching TV, playing video games and surfing the Web.",
"By offering strong evidence that children become overweight."
] | B. By analyzing 173 studies on influences of media sources. | mmlu_train |
arc_easy_1999 | If a student gets a chemical splashed into an eye, what is the most appropriate first action to be taken? | [
"wipe it with a paper towel",
"call 911 for emergency services",
"have someone go get the school nurse",
"flush the eye with water at an eyewash station"
] | D. flush the eye with water at an eyewash station | arc_easy |
aquarat_50897 | In a sample of 800 high school students in which all students are either freshmen, sophomores, juniors, or seniors, 22 percent are juniors and 75 percent are not sophomores. If there are 160 seniors, how many more freshmen than sophomores are there among the sample of students? | [
"42",
"48",
"64",
"76",
"88"
] | C. 64 | aquarat |
arc_challenge_176 | What is the primary source of energy that causes evaporation of water from the surface of bodies of water? | [
"solar radiation",
"transpiration by plants",
"heat from nearby land masses",
"convection currents in the water"
] | A. solar radiation | arc_challenge |
mmlu_train_78005 | Do you want to know how and why a fall leaf changes color? We first have to understand what leaves are and what they do. Leaves are the world's food factories. Plants take water from the ground through their roots and take CO2from the air. Plants use sunlight to turn water and CO2into glucose , a kind of sugar. Plants use it as food for energy and growing. A chemical called _ in the leaves gives plants their green colour. As summer ends and autumn comes, the days get shorter and shorter, and trees "know" to begin getting ready for winter. During winter, there is not enough sunlight or water. Trees rest during this time and live on the food they store during the summer. They begin to shut down their food-making factories. As the green chlorophyll disappears from the leaves, we begin to see yellow and orange leaves. The bright reds and purples we see in leaves are made mostly in autumn. In some trees, like maples , sunlight and the cool nights of autumn turn the glucose in the leaves into a red colour. And we can enjoy the beautiful red leaves during autumn. This passage tells us _ . | [
"the plants can grow well only with the sunlight",
"there are all kinds of plants on the earth",
"maple leaves change the color as other trees",
"not all the colors of the leaves are from chlorophyll"
] | D. not all the colors of the leaves are from chlorophyll | mmlu_train |
aquarat_25593 | In a certain boys camp, 20% of the total boys are from school A and 30% of those study science. If there are 56 boys in the camp that are from school A but do not study science then what is the total number of boys in the camp? | [
"70",
"400",
"150",
"35",
"350"
] | B. 400 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_37658 | Skipping classes, particularly big lectures where an absence is likely to go undetected, is a tradition among college undergraduates. These days, however, some professors say they're seeing more _ , as students make the most of new technologies as learning aids. Americ Azevedo taught an "Introduction to Computers" at the University of California, Berkeley, US last semester. By visiting the course's website, the 200 enrolled students could download audio recordings or watch digital videos of the lectures, as well as read the instructor's detailed lecture notes. But there was one big problem: So many of the undergraduates relied on the technology that at times only 20 or so actually showed up for class. Doug Suda, 19, a student in Azevedo's class last semester, said he skipped about three-quarter of the lectures. It's largely because he was busy with an off-campus job and was taking the course to fulfill a business major requirement. At the end of the term, Suda prepared hurriedly for the final exam by watching videos of about 15 lectures over three days. "If I hadn't that... I would probably fail the class," said Suda, who instead received a B-plus. Despite the concerns about absenteeism, schools are increasingly experimenting with ways to let students watch or listen to lectures on their computers or digital music players, like iPods. Last month, Harvard Medical School began "Podcasting" lectures. Students can download them into digital musical players, and study while they, say, go for a walk. As many academics accept the electronic innovation, others are pushing back. To encourage attendance, they are applying low-tech tactics, like giving more surprising quizzes or cutting back their online offerings. Lee Chanian, a UCLA economics professor, says "too much technology leads to passive learning environment and encourage more absenteeism". He now puts fewer lecture materials online, and provides extensive notes only for the most complicated topics. What could be the best title for this passage? | [
"Lectures fight digital learning aids to up class numbers.",
"Lectures apply digital learning aids to up class numbers.",
"Lectures fight lower-tech tactics to up class numbers.",
"Schools are encouraging more absenteeism."
] | A. Lectures fight digital learning aids to up class numbers. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_10817 | Farmers can produce more by planting several different crops in the same field.But their success depends on which crops they plant together and how they mix them in the filed.In the past, the only way the farmers could learn which crops grow best together is to plant them and wait for the results.Now, however, a computer can give them answers.A new computer program written by Dr John Vanderwell of Michigan University can tell a farmer which plants grow well together and which do not.It can tell him how to plant the different crops; if he should plant each in a separate row, or mix the crops in the same row.It can tell the farmer how changes in planting each of the crops will affect the production of all of them.And it can tell him which plants can help reduce losses from diseases. Which of the following best gives the main idea of the passage? | [
"Computer helps find the best program for mixing plants.",
"Computer helps produce more crops.",
"Computer helps protect against insects and diseases.",
"Computer helps grow different plants."
] | B. Computer helps produce more crops. | mmlu_train |
aquarat_40521 | John had a stock of 800 books in his bookshop. He sold 62 on Monday, 62 on Tuesday, 60 on Wednesday, 48 on Thursday and 40 on Friday. What percentage of the books were not sold? | [
"26.5%",
"36.5%",
"71.7%",
"56.5%",
"70.0%"
] | C. 71.7% | aquarat |
mmlu_train_91015 | Sleep is very important. A person who does not sleep dies faster than a person who does not eat. We spend about a third (1/3) of our lives sleeping. That's about 121 days a year! How much sleep do we need? We are all different. A baby needs 16 hours of sleep every day. Children 6 to 12 years old need an average of 10 to 12 hours of sleep. Teenagers need 9 to 10 hours of sleep. An adult needs an average of 7 to 8 hours a night. There are some people who need only 3 hours of sleep. Others need 10 hours of sleep. After the age of 50, the average sleep time goes down to 6.5 hours a night. We need less sleep as we get older. About one in three Americans has a problem with sleep. Many of these people can't fall asleep. The name of this problem is _ . Some people say, "I didn't sleep all night." But that's not really true. They may sleep lightly and wake up several times. In the morning, they only remember the times they were awake , so they think they were awake all night. This is not a new problem. Many famous people in history had insomnia. Some of these people had special ideas to make them sleep. Benjamin Franklin had four beds. He moved from one to another to fall asleep. Mark Twain had a different way. He lay on his side across the end of the bed! Which of the following is true according to the passage? | [
"We will die soon if we don't sleep well.",
"The older we get, the less sleep we need.",
"We can't tell a person's age from his sleep time.",
"Famous people move from one bed to another to fall asleep."
] | B. The older we get, the less sleep we need. | mmlu_train |
aquarat_18072 | The price of 2 sarees and 4 shirts is Rs. 1600. With the same money one can buy 1 saree and 6 shirts. If one wants to buy 12 shirts, how much shall he have to pay ? | [
"1200",
"2400",
"4800",
"Cannot be determined",
"None"
] | B. 2400 | aquarat |
aquarat_41917 | When a certain shoe store reduces the price of its best-selling style of shoe by 10 percent, the weekly sales of this style increase by 10 percent. Which of the following best describes the resulting change in the store's weekly revenue from sales of this style of shoe? | [
"Revenue decreases by 10%",
"Revenue decreases by 1%",
"There is no change in revenue",
"Revenue increases by 1%",
"Revenue increases by 10%"
] | B. Revenue decreases by 1% | aquarat |
arc_challenge_563 | An engineer must calculate the potential energy of a roller coaster car at the top of an incline. Which information would best help the engineer determine the potential energy of the car? | [
"the distance the roller coaster car must travel",
"the mass of the roller coaster car at full capacity",
"the average weight of an empty roller coaster car",
"the direction that the roller coaster car is traveling"
] | B. the mass of the roller coaster car at full capacity | arc_challenge |
mmlu_train_66506 | As hand-held devices such as smartphones are becoming more common, users are reporting some new physical problems. Florida chiropractor Dean Fishman began noticing an increased number of patients talking about neck and shoulder pain. He discovered these symptoms were due to the overuse of hand-held devices, particularly the action of bending the neck, and then _ the term "Text Neck." As if the painful symptoms weren't bad enough, Fishman warns that an untreated case of Text Neck could lead to permanent spinal damage. Other doctors have warned about "iPad Hand," a condition that occurs when people use tablets like the iPad for hours at a time. Most people use their left hand to support the tablet and their right hand to tap or scroll. Doing this for long periods without changing positions can result in severe joint pain. In order to avoid or reduce the possibility of getting Text Neck or iPad Hand, use the following basic ergonomic principles: Avoid awkward positioning. Don't strain your neck, and stay aware of how you are positioned in relation to the device. Make sure that both your neck and shoulders are relaxed and that you aren't leaning over for a long period of time. Take frequent breaks when using any kind of mobile device. Many doctors recommend that users change their position every 15 minutes. When using a tablet, use a case that can support the device on a table or your lap at a comfortable viewing angle. Along with a case, use a separate keyboard with your tablet. This will be more comfortable since you'll be resting both hands on the keyboard. And since you won't be holding the tablet, you'll be less likely to experience hand or arm pain. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? | [
"If you are holding an iPad for long periods, it could cause spinal damage.",
"Text Neck symptoms include long-term damage in the back.",
"You are advised to lean over in relation to the device.",
"You should rest your hands on the keyboard at times."
] | B. Text Neck symptoms include long-term damage in the back. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_92726 | Which lists the diameter of the planets in order from smallest to largest? | [
"Venus, Earth, Mercury, Mars",
"Earth, Mars, Venus, Mercury",
"Mars, Mercury, Earth, Venus",
"Mercury, Mars, Venus, Earth"
] | D. Mercury, Mars, Venus, Earth | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_96000 | In order to conserve energy and eat less through winter, what kind of animal or insect hibernates? | [
"Chairs",
"Birds",
"Humans",
"Bees"
] | D. Bees | mmlu_train |
aquarat_47383 | 60% of a number is added to 160, the result is the same number. Find the number? | [
"300",
"400",
"266",
"99",
"121"
] | B. 400 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_27857 | prefix = st1 /West Virginia--Public schools are using a dance video game to help get students in shape. In these schools, students are often told to turn off their video games and get some exercise. The schools have found a new way for their students to work out while playing a new video game. West Virginiais one of the heaviest states in the country. About half of its fifth-graders are considered to be overweight, and their parents are worried about that. To get them moving on a healthier path, the state's public schools are using a video game called "Dance Dance Revolution". To use the game, players should stand on a special mat in front of a TV screen. Following arrows on the screen, players must move their feet to the specific symbols on the mat. Players must move quickly, touching symbols on the mat at just the right time. With each song, they get more exercise. "It we can get children to change their behavior at a young age, they will hopefully grow up to be healthy and active adults," said Carl Callison of Mountain State Blue Cross, a health care company. West Virginiais ranked among the top three heaviest states. About a third of West Virginians are considred to be obese. Even more are considered to be overweight. Extra weight can lead to serious health problems such as high blood pressure, diabetes, some cancers, and many other health issues. "One out of three children born in West Virginia today will have diabetes by the time they grow up," said Nidia Henderson, a manager for the public employees' insurance program. "That's a terrible thing and not acceptable." All ofWest Virginia's 157 middle schools are using the video game. School officials hope that all public schools in the state will use the game within the next three years. However, officials emphasize that the game is not meant to _ physical education and health classes. The game will be part of physical education classes and after-school programs. Why do public school in West Virginiadevelop "Dance Dance Revolution"? | [
"Because most of students don't like dancing.",
"Because it can help students get a better shape.",
"Because losing weight is necessary to students.",
"Because it can make students'activities colourful."
] | B. Because it can help students get a better shape. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_74320 | You may not have heard the words "freshman fifteen" before, but they are very important for students who are entering university. A freshman is a first-year college student. "Fifteen" refers to fifteen pounds--the fifteen pounds added to a student's weight in his or her first year. There are a number of reasons why first-year university students gain (n) weight; but it's encouraging to know that freshmen don't have to add these harmful fifteen pounds. Mistakes choosing food University kitchens serve many kinds of food. Some students choose unhealthy food,because now their parents are not nearby to help them choose. Some students visit the kitchen many times while studying. Late at night, some students get harmful fast food such as fish and chips with Coke to drink. Students also have less time for walking, running, and doing sports because of their schoolwork. Eating right If you,re careful, you don,t have to add fifteen pounds. Here are some ideas: l Think more about what you eat. l Eat plenty of vegetables and healthy meats. l Don't eat desserts full of sugar; have fruit after dinner. l Try not to eat so much unhealthy food while you study. l It,s all right to have a little fast food sometimes--but not often. l Write down the foods you eat. l Walk, run, do sports--move and you will feel better! Remember that the "freshman fifteen" can happen to anyone. Talk to your friends about it. Together, try to eat healthy food and not to eat unhealthy food. Walking, running, and playing sports is always more fun with friends. Help each other and you can have a healthy and happy freshman year. Which of these mistakes students make choosing food is not mentioned in the reading? | [
"Choosing unhealthy food.",
"Visiting the kitchen while studying.",
"Getting fast food at night.",
"Eating too much chocolate."
] | D. Eating too much chocolate. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_11331 | Owls are some of the world's greatest hunters. From head to feet, owls' bodies are built to hunt. Scientists are studying all the things that make owls such great hunters. Most owls hunt at night. The birds have excellent hearing, which helps them find their next meal in the dark. Owls have one ear that is larger and set higher than the other. When an owl hears a sound, it listens closely. Is the sound lounder in its right ear or left ear? Does the upper or lower ear detect the sound first? The information helps the owl find the location of its prey without ever seeing it. Owls don't depend just on their hearing to hunt. After a sound draws an owl's attention, it zeroes in with sight. Many birds have eyes on either side of their heads. But an owl's eyes face forward, like a person's. Images from each eye combine to form a 3-D picture, similar to how we see. That helps owls better judge a prey's size, distance, and speed. An owl's eyes are so large that they can gather lots of light. That helps the owl see better when hunting at night. An owl's eyes are also fixed in their sockets . It can't roll them like we can. Instead, an owl keeps prey in its sight by turning its head. Owls can move their beads nearly upside down and turn them 270 degrees around. Their necks have 14 vertebrae . That's twice as many neck bones as a person has. The blood vessels thread through holes in an owl's vertebrae. The researchers found that these holes are very large so that the extra space provides an air cushion that protects the vessels. Detecting prey is only the first step for owls. Next they must catch their meals. An owl can fly inches over your head and you can't hear anything. The secret to owls' silent flight is their feathers. Fine "hairs" cover the surface of an owl's wing feathers. And the feathers' edges have soft barbs . Together, they make the sound of air rushing over the owl's wings quieter and less clear. While hunting at night, owls first get a prey's information by _ . | [
"seeing the shape",
"hearing the sound",
"detecting the smell",
"feeling the air move"
] | B. hearing the sound | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_34590 | Contestants from around the world met in Pomona, California, this month to test their skills at things like driving a car, walking down stairs, and opening doors. Sounds easy, right? But the competitors weren't people--they were robots! The bots were participating in the final round of the US's DARPA(Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) Robotics Challenge. This event, which took place on June 5-6, tested robots on how well they could respond during a disaster and the winning team finally took home a $2 million grand prize. The DARPA challenge was created after the 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster in Japan. An earthquake caused a tsunami, which damaged a nuclear power plant. Workers at the plant needed to shut off an important valve , but it was too dangerous for humans to reach it. The US scientists at DARPA wondered whether the disaster could have been avoided if a robot had been sent to do _ . So they set up the robotics competition. Turning a valve was just one task a robot might have to perform when entering a disaster zone. In addition to doing this, robots participating in the challenge had to navigate a course containing several other tasks: driving and exiting a vehicle, opening a door, walking over or clearing objects, cutting a hole in a wall, plus climbing a flight of stairs. Teams had to complete the challenge in one hour, and points were awarded based on how quickly the robots completed a task. They didn't have to attempt all the tasks. To make things even more realistic, challenge organizers caused short computer-system blackouts that prevented robots and the human operators controlling them from communicating. That means teams had to program their robots to be partially autonomous . Robots also couldn't be attached to anything that could keep them from falling down, which happened a lot. What is the text mainly about? | [
"A nuclear disaster.",
"A research program.",
"A robotics competition.",
"A scientific organization."
] | C. A robotics competition. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_13635 | Fat on human body is distributed in two different ways. Some fat people have a large chest and no waistline , looking rather like apples. Others are fatter below the waist, looking more like pears. Doctors in Cambridge, England have been examining the relationship between health and fat distribution. They find that the pear-shaped fat people have fewer problems than the apple-shaped people. What seems to be most important is not just how much fat you have but where you have it. The doctors measured the apple-shaped women and pear-shaped women and examined them with X-ray scanners (X). Human beings have two types of fat, one is outside fat that is the fat below the skin and the other is inside fat that lies inside the body. Using the X-ray scanners, the doctors found that the "apples" have a large amount of inside fat. If this inside fat is much more than outside fat, it will probably cause health problems such as obesity . The best treatment for obesity is to reduce the inside fat. But unfortunately diet treatment simply makes an apple-shaped person into a smaller apple and a pear-shaped person into a smaller pear. At the moment there is no effective way of reducing the inside fat. The most important thing about fat people seems to be | [
"the amount of fat they have",
"the place where they have the fat",
"the amount of the outside fat they have",
"which type of the fat people they belong to"
] | B. the place where they have the fat | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_59183 | In the eyes of dog lovers, the dog is man's best friend. But for much wildlife, loose dogs may be a dangerous enemy, according to a study by a biologist from Utah State University in the US. Based on much existing research and their own case studies, Julie Young of Utah State University and four other scientists conclude that loose dogs may represent a huge danger to wildlife, especially endangered species, by hunting down or worrying them and by spreading diseases. They also found that dogs, their worldwide numbers around 500 million, can cause more damage to wildlife and livestock than wolves and other enemies of these animals. Young gave examples from the US state of Idaho, where research showed the presence of dogs reducing some deer populations. On the Navajo American Indians' reservation in northeastern Arizona, packs of loose dogs are chasing livestock. They have killed populations of small animals such as rabbits and act as a disease carrier for rabies among people and other animals, she said. Loose dogs also were to blame for distemper outbreak leading to a die-off of endangered black-footed ferrets in northwestern Wyoming in the 1980s. The phenomenon is not just limited to US; it's a global problen. Julie Young once studied three endangered species in central Asia: wild sheep, gazelles and antelope. The rate of injury and death to these animals by loose dogs was very high. In another case, Young found that dogs, not wolves, as originally suspected, were responsible for a large number of livestock killings in the mountainous Basque country between Spain and France. Authors of the new study said the problem is likely to worsen as communities expand. Then how to deal with it? Indeed, in many countries, leash laws permit punishment of dog owners whose pets chase wildlife. But lawbreakers are rarely punished because the police lack both people and money. Young has low-cost solutions to the problem for dog lovers, though. They include public dog-training programs and vaccinating dogs against rabies and other illnesses. . What is the main point of the article? | [
"A global disaster caused by loose dogs.",
"What makes the dog man's greatest friend.",
"The problem of loose dogs and the possible solutions.",
"The danger of the increasing numbers of dogs."
] | C. The problem of loose dogs and the possible solutions. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_29711 | I opened my eyes and found the doctors were standing by my bed. They had some welcome news. I had been living in the bone marrow transplant unit of the famous cancer center for a month. The doctors told me that while my immune system was still very weak, my brother Adam's healthy cells were beginning to work in my bone marrow. I was showing signs of progress: I was able to walk around---slowly---without assistance, my blood counts were going in the right direction, and I no longer needed to be connected continuously to an IV machine. It was the"graduation"day. The doctors were sending me to the Hope Room, a halfway house sponsored by the American Cancer Society. I would live there for the next three months and would be cared for by my boyfriend, Seamus, who is again helping me write this column for Internet readers as I regain my strength. Pushed out of the hospital in a wheelchair, I took my first breath of fresh air in weeks. But before I could enjoy this moment, my mother helped me put on a mask. I gave her an annoyed look, but I knew she was right. For the immediate future, I would need to wear gloves and a mask wherever I wanted to go in public. No subways, no crowds. However, I can enjoy my freedom, even if cancer continues to limit my choices. My new freedom means not being waken up every couple of hours by a nurse with pills in her hand, not seeing doctors with their masks and their caring, and not being connected to an IV machine 24 hours a day. Freedom also means being patient with my mother and boyfriend, who try hard to cook for me in the kitchen and make sure I don't fall off my chair in the shower. Freedom is the responsibility to take medicine on time. Freedom also means returning to the hospital several times a week to receive follow-up examinations. But all is well worth. You surely know the reason. I love every one of my family and I love Seamus. The author gave her mother an annoyed look because _ . | [
"her mother didn't follow the doctors' instructions",
"her mother didn't push her wheelchair in the right way",
"her mother took a wrong mask",
"she was eager for fresh air"
] | D. she was eager for fresh air | mmlu_train |
aquarat_27338 | Which number should replace both the asterisks in (* /18) x (*/162) = 1 ? | [
"27",
"36",
"54",
"72",
"90"
] | C. 54 | aquarat |
aquarat_39401 | If a: b = 12: 6, b: c = 9: 7, find a: b: c? | [
"118: 53: 66",
"138: 73: 46",
"128: 43: 36",
"108: 63: 56",
"148: 83: 76"
] | D. 108: 63: 56 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_35518 | Recently,scientists attending a meeting in Chicago presented new studies showing how food and its production affect global warming.They offered some suggestions for how to eat in a more environmentally friendly way. For many years,scientists have warned us that our planet is getting warmer.If current trends continue,animals may start to die off and life could get very difficult for everyone.The temperature is rising because humans have been releasing massive amounts of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere,which surround the planet and keep heat from escaping.One of these gases is carbon dioxide. Most carbon dioxide we produce comes from the process of making and eating food,the scientists reported in Chicago.The production of meat contributes to a lot of carbon dioxide.And much of meat's contribution comes from beef,which is responsible for releasing even more greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. The process of making a hamburger,for example,requires a lot of energy.A cow has to be fed and raised,and cow's wastes are a major source of greenhouse gases.After the cow is killed,the meat has to be processed and shipped to a consumer,which takes fuel.And most of the cow won't even be used for meat people eat. By the time a hamburger finally lands on a dinner plate,it has taken a heavy toll on the environment.It is believed that the process of making a halfpound allbeef burger adds about 19 times the weight of hamburgers in carbon dioxide. The message is clear:We can greatly reduce the production of greenhouse gases by eating less beef.Other kinds of meat like pork and chicken do less harm to the environment--at least in terms of the amount of greenhouse gases released.Nathan Pelletier,a scientist at Dalhousie University in Canada,reported that if everyone in industrial countries ate chicken instead of beef,we would cut the Earth's greenhouse gases by more than half. All kinds of meat,the scientists reported,are harder on the planet than vegetables.To grow and eat a pound of potatoes,for example,sends less than one quarter pound of carbon dioxide into the air.So shifting our diet to less meat and more vegetables may do the world some good. The author believes one effective way to fight global warming is _ . | [
"we should eat no pork and no chicken",
"we should eat more chicken than beef",
"we should eat not meat but vegetables",
"we should eat less meat and more vegetables"
] | D. we should eat less meat and more vegetables | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_54952 | I've often wondered how exactly sleep, or lack of it, can have such an awful effect on our bodies and, guess what, how much we sleep switches good genes on and had genes off. In the first half of 2013, the Sleep Research Centre at the University of Surrey found a direct link between hours spent sleeping and genes. Every cell in our bodies carries genetic instructions in our DNA that act as a kind of operating handbook. However, each cell only "reads" the part of this handbook it needs at any given moment. Can sleep affect how a gene reads instructions? It's a question asked by Professor Derk-Jan Dijk at the University of Surrey. He set up an experiment and asked his volunteers to spend a week sleeping around seven and a half hours to eight hours a night and the next sleeping six and a half to seven hours. Blood samples were taken each week to compare which genes in blood cells were being used during the long and short nights. The results were rather surprising. Several hundred genes changed in the amount they were being used, including some that are linked to heart disease, cancer, and Type 2 diabetes. Genes to do with cell repair and replacement were used much less. Sleep restriction(six and a half to seven hours a night) changed 380 genes. Of these, 220 genes were down regulated (their power was increased). Those affected included body-clock genes which are linked to diabetes . One of the most downgraded genes is that which has a role in controlling insulin and is linked to diabetes and insomnia . The most upgraded gene is linked to heart disease. So changing sleep by tiny amounts can upgrade or downgrade genes that can influence our health and the diseases we suffer from when we sleep too little. The important message is that getting close to eight hours of sleep a night can make a dramatic difference to our health in just a few days through the way it looks after our genes. Which of the following may be concluded from the passage? | [
"The experiment was performed at the University of Surrey in early 2013.",
"Body-clock genes are associated with heart disease, cancer and Type 2 diabetes.",
"Sleep restrictions may contribute to disease like diabetes, insomnia, and heart disease.",
"7.5-8 hours' sleep pattern makes little difference compared... | C. Sleep restrictions may contribute to disease like diabetes, insomnia, and heart disease. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_8758 | Global Positioning Systems are now a part of everyday driving in many countries.These satellitebased systems provide turnbyturn directions to help people get to where they want to go.However,they can also cause a lot of problems,send you to the wrong place or leave you completely lost.Many times,the driver is to blame.Sometimes a GPS error is responsible.Most often,says Barry Brown,it is a combination of the two. Barry Brown is with the Mobile Life Centre in Stockholm,Sweden.He told us about an incident involving a friend who had flown to an airport in the eastern United States.There he borrowed a GPSequipped car to use during his stay.Mr Brown says,"They just plugged in an address and then set off to their destination.And,then it wasn't until they were driving for thirty minutes that they realized they actually put in a destination back on the West Coast where they lived.They actually put their home address in.So again,the GPS is kind of 'garbage in garbage out'." Mr Brown says this is a common human error,but what makes the problem worse has to do with some of the shortcomings,or failures,of GPS equipment.He says,"One problem with a lot of the GPS units is they have a very small screen and they just tell you the next turn.Because they just give you the next turn,sometimes that means that it is not really giving you the overview that you would need to know that it's going to the wrong place." Mr Brown says,"One of the things that struck us,perhaps the most important thing was that you have to know what you're doing when you use a GPS.There are these new skills that people have developed.There are these new competencies that you need to have to be able to use a GPS because they sometimes go wrong.This goes against a common belief that GPS systems are for passive drivers who lack navigational skills." Barry Brown says to make GPS systems better we need a better understanding of how drivers,passengers and GPS systems work together. Which of the followings is one of the shortcomings of GPS equipment? | [
"It just tells the driver to turn once at a time.",
"It gives the driver the overview.",
"Its screen is too small to be seen clearly.",
"It is only suitable for passive drivers."
] | A. It just tells the driver to turn once at a time. | mmlu_train |
arc_easy_1099 | The abundance of a mineral at the surface of Earth most likely depends upon the | [
"climate of a particular region.",
"types of elements available in the crust.",
"thicknesses of nearby rock layers.",
"exposure of the elements to the environment."
] | B. types of elements available in the crust. | arc_easy |
aquarat_9590 | The C.P of 10 pens is equal to the S.P of 12 pens. Find his gain % or loss%? | [
"16 2/8%",
"16 8/3%",
"16 2/3%",
"16 4/3%",
"16 6/3%"
] | C. 16 2/3% | aquarat |
mmlu_train_9641 | Eleven-year-old Angela was stricken with a debilitating disease involving her nervous system.She was unable to walk and her movement was restricted in other ways as well.The doctors did not hold out much hope of her ever recovering from this illness.They predicted she'd spend the rest of her life in a wheelchair.They said that few,if any,were able to come back to normal after contracting this disease.The little girl was _ .There,lying in her hospital bed,she would vow to anyone who'd listen that she was definitely going to be walking again someday. She was transferred to a specialized hospital in the San Francisco Bay area.Whatever therapies could be applied to her case were used.The therapists were charmed by her undefeatable spirit.They taught her about imaging--about seeing herself walking.If it would do nothing else,it would at least give her hope and something positive to do in the long waking hours in her bed.Angela would work as hard as possible in physical therapy,in whirlpools and in exercise sessions.But she worked just as hard lying there faithfully doing her imaging;visualizing herself moving,moving,moving! One day,as she was staining with all her might to imagine her legs moving again,it seemed as though a miracle happened:The bed moved!It began to move around the room!She screamed out,"Look what I'm doing!Look!Look!I can do it!I moved,I moved!" Of course,at this very moment everyone else in the hospital was screaming,too,and running for cover.People were screaming,equipment was falling and glass was breaking.You see,it was the recent San Francisco earthquake.But don't tell that to Angela.She's convinced that she did it.And now only a few years later,she's back in school. _ What might be a good title for the text? | [
"Did The Earth Move For You?",
"A Miracle Made by a Young Girl",
"A Young Girl Conquered Disease",
"Strong Will Defeats Illness"
] | A. Did The Earth Move For You? | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_24341 | What makes a person a scientist?Does he have ways or tools of learning that are different from those of others?The answer is "no". It isn't the tools a scientist uses but how he uses these tools which make him a scientist. You will probably agree that knowing how to use a power is important to a carpenter .You will probably agree,too,that _ The scientist,however,goes one step further;he must be sure that he has a reasonable answer to his questions and that his answer he gets to many questions is into a large set of ideas about how the world works. The scientist's knowledge must be exact. There's no room for half right or right just half the time. He must be as nearly right as the conditions permit. What works under one set of conditions at one time must work under the same conditions at other times. If the conditions are different,any changes the scientist observes in a demonstration must be explained by the changes in the conditions. This is one reason why investigations are important in science. Albert Einstein,who developed the Theory of Relativity,arrived at this theory through mathematics. The accuracy of his mathematics was later tested through investigation. Einstein's ideas were proved to be correct. A scientist uses many tools for measurements. Then the measurements are used to make mathematical calculations that may test his investigations. A sound scientific theory should be one that _ . | [
"works under one set of conditions at one time and also works under the same conditions at other times",
"doesn't allow any change even under different conditions",
"leave no room for improvement.",
"can be used for many purposes"
] | A. works under one set of conditions at one time and also works under the same conditions at other times | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_35534 | Children in the United States eat too much pizza that some researchers now argue the food should join the ranks of sugary drinks and fast food for the harm they do to health. In a new study, the researchers found that pizza is a large source of calories, saturated fat and salt in children's diets.Children should not eat more than two slices of pizza for a meal,and should pair that with salad, rather than with another high-calorie food,the researchers concluded. "Parents should aim to control pizza consumption , particularly as a snack where it was shown to have a very adverse impact on children, and they should put their pizza dollars toward healthier brands."Said Lisa Powel, director of the Illinois Prevention Research Center. Pizza has become a matter of focus in recent years for researchers who look at the meals children eat, rather than the nutrients within them.Studies have found pizza is among the greatest sources of calories for children. "Since pizza remains a common part of children's diet, we need to make 'healthy' pizza."Powel said.To make pizza healthier, food producers should reduce its saturated fat and salt, and increase its whole grain content," she said. Whether or not pizza is harmful enough to be picked out as an unhealthy food, the study attracts attention to a larger issue with the modern American lifestyle, said Alexis Tindall, who was not involved in the flow research. "Many foods are eaten too frequently and in large sizes," said Tindall.To solve the problem, people don't have to give up eating pizza, but instead, they can eat smaller and healthier pizza,"she said. "Make it at home, instead of ordering it out where you don't have any control over how it's made." Tindall said. "When we make it at home, we can choose healthier ingredients,increase the vegetables, reduce fat, and put in less cheese.Pizza doesn't have to be just pepperoni and cheese." What is the best title for the passage? | [
"Pizza--a real junk food!",
"How to prepare better meals for your kids?",
"Discover the harm of eating pizza",
"Bring in healthier pizza for Americans"
] | D. Bring in healthier pizza for Americans | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_12105 | I entered college in China in 1981. Many things seemed to remain the same. For many things are dominated by one thing: the national entrance examination to get into college. In my year, about 4% high school students went to college. Now the number is 22%, as compared to 40% in the US. The significant increase in the entrance rate doesn't seem to have relieved the anxiety. As a parent to a freshman college student, I can prove that junior and senior years in high school are not much fun even for students in the US. Once a country has vastly increased the rate of college entrance, students will still want to get into "better" colleges. _ , no matter where you are. The NYT Magazine article also mentioned the Soviet-style over-specialized education in Chinese colleges. My class in college had maybe 60 students specialized in compressors, another 60 students specialized in refrigeration, and yet another 60 students specialized in welding . I was among the 60 specialized in mechanics. I cannot recall the numbers exactly, but you get the picture. It really wasn't as terrible as it sounds. In order to specialize in mechanics, we had to study math, physics and chemistry. We studied electrical circuits, alloy treatment, mechanical drawing, Fortran. We even had a continuous stream of humanity courses: history of communist party, political economics... I'm not sure I enjoyed all the courses, but I cannot claim that these courses damaged my brain, either. I remember some of the humanity courses required writing, which turned out to be a useful skill. As a consequence of specialization, we did learn a lot of mechanics. By the end of college, we had courses on analytical mechanics, strength of materials. I often feel sorry for American students in my undergraduate class, knowing that strength of materials will be their first and last course in the mechanics of materials. So many beautiful sights unseen! But they also seem to turn out to be OK. A liberal and superficial eduction doesn't damage their brains, either. All this high level debate about education makes me dizzy, and turns me off. So far as I can tell, both systems of eduction work fine, and have their own limitations. The bottom line is that the quantity of knowledge is too large to be crammed into 4 years, and you'd have to make choices, making it either narrow or shallow or perhaps both. You'll just have to be prepared to engage yourself in life-long learning. What does the author intend to show by listing the specific majors his class specialized in? | [
"To show how specific the education was classified.",
"To show he had more major choices in his year.",
"To show what is Soviet-style education.",
"To show how terrible his college life was."
] | A. To show how specific the education was classified. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_62714 | If you've ever seen the way dog people interacted with their pets, it comes as no surprise that there's some germ-exchanging going on there. A new study indicates that dog ownership specifically may be one of the biggest single contributors to what kinds of microbes live on your skin. A team of researchers led by Se Jin Song at the University of Colorado, Boulder, took swabs of the tongues, palms, forehead and feces of members of 60 family households. Some of the families had children or household pets and some did not; dogs were the only pets swabbed. Researchers then analyzed the DNA of the bacteria they found to determine how diverse the bacteria populations were. Not surprisingly, family members who lived together had more bacteria in common than members of separate households. Bacteria on the skin were especially similar within households, probably because we pass microbes through the air, through direct contact, and via the surfaces we touch. The most surprising finding, however, was the large bacteria contribution Fidonad made. The skin bacteria of dog owners from different households was almost as similar as if they'd cohabited without a dog. Put another way, you and a friend across town who both own dogs share a skin ecosystem as alike as a married couple does. The reason for this appears to be that dogs harbor some kinds of bacteria that are rare on human skin. One in particular, a family of bacteria called Methylophilaceae, was abundant in the mouths of dogs sampled as well as the skin of their owners--indicating "a common occurrence of oral-skin transfer between dogs and their owners," according to the results published in the journal eLife. If both you and your friend who live on the other end of your neighborhood have dogs, you may probably _ . | [
"have lived together without a dog.",
"share similar skin ecosystem.",
"be married couples before.",
"shared the same dog."
] | B. share similar skin ecosystem. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_36736 | Don't you think your schoolbag is too heavy to bear? The e-schoolbag will free you from the weight. It is said that e-schoolbags are going to be brought into use in Chinese middle schools soon. An experiment with several hundred e-schoolbags will begin in seven cities: Beijing, Shanghai, Dalian, Shenzhen, Chongqing, Taiyuan and Shijiazhuang. And the e-schoolbags are going to cover all over China if the experiment proves to be successful. In fact, the e-schoolbag should perhaps be called an e-notebook. It is a small hand-held computer for school students. Heavy schoolbags have long been a serious problem for school students. The average schoolbag of middle school students weighs up to 5 kilos. But the e-schoolbag will change everything. It is much lighter than a usual schoolbag, weighing under 1 kilo. Also, it is no bigger than a usual book, but it can still hold all the things for study, such as a textbook, a notebook and exercise book. They could be made into chips that are as small as a stamp. The students can read the text page by page on the screen. They can still take notes using a special electronic pen. If they want to know the meaning or the pronunciation of a new word, or even e-mail their teachers, it's just a press of a button. In some foreign countries, it is becoming common. But it is hard to tell when people will receive this new form of study. Some say that e-textbooks can be easily broken, some say that it is not good to students' eyesight to look at the screen for long. But only time will tell. The best title for the passage should be _ . | [
"An Experiment In China",
"Please Change Your Schoolbag",
"A New Invention, A New Schoolbag",
"Chips"
] | C. A New Invention, A New Schoolbag | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_96493 | Several batteries placed into a radio will make sound after first using | [
"solar energy",
"wind energy",
"chemical energy",
"elbow grease"
] | C. chemical energy | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_87247 | The police use computers. They save all the information on the computer. So the police can often check the information. And they can also visit some websites and get more information to catch criminals on the Internet. Scientists today have computers for their work. They can do their work easily and quickly with the help of computers. Today in many schools, there is a computer room. Children can have their lessons with computers. For example, computers give questions on the screen of the monitor in front of the children and the children answer them with keyboards . A computer can do many things. With the computer, we can write novels, listen to music, draw pictures, play computer games, make friends, send emails and download information and so on. In the future, we may use computers for more things. But it can't take the place of man. We can think but it can't. How do the children answer computers' questions? | [
"They answer them on the Internet.",
"They answer them with keyboards.",
"They answer them loudly with their mouths.",
"They answer them with a pen and a piece of paper."
] | B. They answer them with keyboards. | mmlu_train |
aquarat_26835 | The ratio of number of boys and girls in a class is 3 : 2. In the 1st semester exam 20% of boys and 25% of girls get more than or equal to 90% marks. What percentage of students get less than 90% marks ? | [
"56",
"70",
"78",
"80",
"85"
] | C. 78 | aquarat |
aquarat_2511 | In three coloured boxes - Red, Green and Blue, 108 balls are placed. There are twice as many balls in the green and red boxes combined as there are in the blue box and twice as many in the blue box as there are in the red box. How many balls are there in the green box ? | [
"18",
"36",
"45",
"54",
"None of these"
] | D. 54 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_42161 | London has a new magazine. But it's not printed on paper. Everyone who has a television can receive it because it is on TV. In order to read this magazine you have to have a _ . Each page of it is numbered, so you only have to dial the number to choose which subject you want to read about. There's a wide choice--- everything is included from cooking to the latest sports news. If you want to read the news, the first thing you have to do is to turn to the index page which has an easy-to-remember page number, 100 for example. Then you start choosing what you want to read. The news is on pages 101 to 109, so you push out the numbers and the news appears written across your screen. Perhaps you want to go out in the afternoon, so you press 181, and a brightly colored weather map appears on the screen. But the weather is terrible so you decide to go shopping and dial 162 for a list of the week's best bargains. But should you drive or take the train ? To answer the question you only have to press 189 for the traffic report. It's very simple to use. But probably the best thing about the service is that it's being updated all the time. Journalists type new material directly onto the screen and whole pages of the magazine can be replaced in minutes. London has already had three services. One, transmitted by ITV, is called ORACLE, while the other two, on BBC, are called CEEFAX, because they let you see facts. Although CEEFAX and ORACLE have been operating for some time, they have not been well publicized. BBC engineers do not think that their idea will ever replace books and newspapers because they can be taken with you everywhere. But many people agree that this is a breakthrough as great as the invention of printing, which could change not just our reading habits but our whole way of life. The passage is mainly about _ . | [
"a new magazine printed in London",
"a popular TV program with three services",
"a great breakthrough in printing",
"an up-to-date way of keeping up to date"
] | D. an up-to-date way of keeping up to date | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_83856 | It is reported by Chinese Xinhua News that students waste more food than the national average. So the campaign on school food waste is getting popular across the country. The move is part of a national campaign started by students at different schools. At East China University of Science, students who finish their food in the school dining hall get a special card when they return their plates after meals. Students can collect cards and exchange them for small gifts, such as books, schoolbags, magazines and umbrellas. "It's been such a surprise," said Liang Zhaoyun, 19, a student in Shanghai. "It has given us one more motivation to eat up our food." "The purpose of the campaign is not only to encourage students to finish their food. We hope it can also teach students to choose a more environment-friendly and healthy lifestyle," said Tao Siliang from University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Other schools also pay attention to the quantity of food. At Nanjing No.9 Middle School, rice is divided into three different-sized bowls that students can choose from according to their own need. "It's great because I can try different dishes at half price and don't waste so much food," said Fan Peng, 15, a student from this middle school. What if you really can't finish all your food? At Changchun Normal College, they provide a take-away service. "If you can't finish all your food, you can get a box to take the left food home. Even if you feed the cat, it's not wasted," said Zhou Zeyong, a student who learns Chinese education. "I'm happy that we've cut down waste since joining the school 'eat-up' meeting. But some food is poorly cooked, meaning that students are not willing to finish it all. Some schools have taken note of this. So if we hope students try to waste less food, we should also improve the service and keep an eye on the meal quality on weekdays at school. If not, you can't complain students for throwing away much food," said Wang Guangji, the head-teacher of Beijing No. 29 Middle School. The passage is probably from _ . | [
"a book",
"China Daily",
"a magazine",
"TV61."
] | B. China Daily | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_96327 | Which is an inherited characteristic? | [
"hair length",
"clothing style",
"bone thickness",
"language skills"
] | C. bone thickness | mmlu_train |
aquarat_32775 | Joshua is fifth from the bottom in a queue of 100 boys.
What is the position of Joshua from the top of the queue? | [
"51",
"52",
"53",
"54",
"55"
] | A. 51 | aquarat |
aquarat_1064 | For a group of n people, k of whom are of the same sex, the (n-k)/n expression yields an index for a certain phenomenon in group dynamics for members of that sex. For a group that consists of 20 people, 5 of whom are females, by how much does the index for the females exceed the index for the males in the group? | [
"0.05",
"0.0625",
"0.5",
"0.25",
"0.6"
] | C. 0.5 | aquarat |
arc_easy_1309 | Which process will separate the sugar from a mixture of sugar and water? | [
"Stirring the mixture",
"Evaporating the water",
"Adding more water",
"Adding more sugar"
] | B. Evaporating the water | arc_easy |
aquarat_12006 | George's drawer has 10 loose black socks, 12 loose blue socks, and 8 loose white socks. If George takes socks out of the drawer at random, how many would he need to take out to be sure that he had at least two matching pairs of socks in two different colors? | [
"11",
"13",
"15",
"17",
"19"
] | C. 15 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_61452 | Below are Top 10 Scholarly Stars in America in 2011. It's not always about fame and fortune for these celebs - education is a priority in their lives. Find out what scholarly stars have earned degrees and diplomas or are returning to the classroom as you head back to school. No. 10: James Franco James has attended FOUR prestigious universities in his life: UCLA, New York University, Columbia University and Yale University. We hear he's is so serious about school, he missed the Oscar nominations to attend class! No. 9: Natalie Portman Natalie Portman is so Ivy League: she graduated from Harvard University in 2003, thanks to her parents, who she says always made sure she put her studies before her acting. No. 8: Haley Joel Osment When students at NYU heard Haley Joel would be joining them as a freshman in 2006, they chalked the campus' sidewalks with his famous Sixth Sense movie line: "I see dead people." No. 7: Emma Watson Although Emma Watson put her education on hold to wrap up the Harry Potter film series, in July 2011 she announced that she was going back to school at Brown University to complete her degree. No. 6: Dakota and Elle Fanning Celeb sisters Dakota and Elle Fanning are stars on screen and in class. Dakota was her high school's homecoming queen two years in a row while Elle, who still attends middle school, somehow manages to balance her acting career with math tests and gym class. No. 5: Mara Wilson Mara Wilson graduated from NYU in 2009. Mara, who played the adorable Nattie in Mrs. Doubtfire, eventually grew up and headed to New York to attend NYU's Tisch School of the Arts; she graduated in 2009. No. 4: Tyra Banks Tyra Banks is known for being a savvy businesswoman, but even the best could use some formal training. She enrolled in Harvard Business School in 2011 and even went so far as to live in a dorm with her fellow classmates! "We live in dorms," confirmed the TV star. "I have my own room but we share a kitchen, living room and study area. It's mandatory dorms. I freaked out. In the beginning I was like, 'Oh yes, I'm going to Harvard and I'll be at the Four Seasons down the street.' And they were like, 'Girl, you're living in dorms!'" No. 3: Shakira Singer Shakira is resting her hips and giving her brain a workout at UCLA, attending classes on the history of western civilization so she could "learn from the best". No. 2: Steven Spielberg Director Steven skipped getting a formal education to be an unpaid intern at Universal Studios, where he learned his tricks of the _ . But eventually he did go back and earned his film degree in 2002. No. 1: Danica McKellar Danica McKellar is a math whiz. She used to be known for starring as Winnie Cooper in the Wonder Years, but Danica is also a UCLA graduate, math whiz and education advocate who's written three best-selling books encouraging middle-school girls to have confidence and succeed in mathematics. How many stars referred to in the material studied or will go to UCLA? | [
"Three.",
"Four.",
"Five.",
"Six."
] | A. Three. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_47097 | People who are worried about bad breath often reach for a toothbrush or a gun. But in the future, personal breath monitoring may include far more than fresh breath. In face, breath is so rich in chemical compounds that fully understanding it has proved challenging. Each breath contains gases like carbon dioxide, the volatile remains of recent snacks, medicines and even compounds taken in from things like carpeting or various kinds of air pollution. But breath detectors can sort out these substances with increasing sensitivity . Scientists are building electronic sniffers that examine the exhaled air for signs of cancer, asthma , and other diseases. "There are clear signatures in the breath for liver disease, kidney disease and heart disease. Breath is a rich mixture that can reflect out state of health and disease." said Dr. Raed Dweik, director of the Cleveland Clinic, adding "Breath analysis is the future of medical testing." He and his partners are testing a desktop system called BreathLink for use in rapid identification of diseases. The system is designed to work wherever there is an Internet connection. To use BreathLink, a person breathes into a long tube, and a breath sample is collected and analyzed within the system. Then it can detail chemical concentrations of the breath in graphics. Dr. Raed Dweik said, "If you examine patients of asthma, you will find they have higher levels of nitric oxide in their exhaled air. It reflects their abnormal symptoms in the lungs." His tests have reached 85 percent accuracy so far in spotting people with some illness. But some trained dogs, he pointed out, can sniff out cancer with 99 percent accuracy--although without the ability to identify particular compounds the way some detectors can. "We are getting better and better," he said. "But whether we will ever approach the accuracy of the dog--we don't know." What's the author's attitude towards the future of breath detectors? | [
"Indifferent",
"Positive",
"Doubtful.",
"Critical."
] | B. Positive | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_2479 | Clams, oysters, and mussels eat plankton filtered from water. How would clams, oysters, and mussels most likely be affected if the amount of plankton in a large body of water was significantly reduced? | [
"They would increase in number.",
"They would find a new food source.",
"They would become prey to other animals.",
"They would compete for a limited food source."
] | D. They would compete for a limited food source. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_93742 | Living things depend on energy from | [
"the Sun",
"the Moon",
"soil",
"water"
] | A. the Sun | mmlu_train |
aquarat_319 | The present ratio of students to teachers at a certain school is 70 to 1. If the student enrollment were to increase by 50 students and the number of teachers were to increase by 5, the ratio of students to teachers would then be 25 to 1. What is the present number of teachers? | [
"2",
"8",
"10",
"12",
"15"
] | A. 2 | aquarat |
aquarat_32964 | A man sitting in a train which is travelling at 100 kmph observes that a goods train, travelling in opposite direction, takes 9 seconds to pass him. If the goods train is 280 m long, find its speed? | [
"52 kmph.",
"62 kmph.",
"12 kmph.",
"80 kmph.",
"None"
] | C. 12 kmph. | aquarat |
mmlu_train_44171 | You'd be forgiven for thinking that running after children each day would leave parents in the best shape of their lives.But a study has found that the mothers and fathers of young children are more unhealthy than their childless peers . Mothers with young children are heavier and eat more calories and fatty foods,and consume more sugary dinks than chidless women,scientists said.And both sexes are less active than those in their age group without children. Parents often choose quick,easily preparesd foods that are high in fat and calories,and by choosing these foods they may in turn serve them to their children,forming a cycle of unhealthy diet. Dr.Berge,one of the study authors,said:"This isn't a study about blame,this is about spotting a very high-risk time period for parents that doctors should be aware of ,so they can offer solutions ." According to the study ,mothers ate more fatty foods and drank about seven sugary drinks weekly,equal to about four chidless women.They also had an average of 2,360 calories daily,368 calories more than women without children,With that many calorise,women that age would need to be active to avoid to avoid gaining weight. Fathers ate about the same amount of daily calories childless men and both had an average boby-mass index ,but fathersgot less physical activity--about five hours weekly ,compared to almost seven hours among chidless men. The study has several limitations-there's no data on how many women reccently had babies.Ther's also no information on the number of single parents,who likely face diet and exercise challenges.Sarah Kriger,an American dietician who works with new mothers said some of the mothers may have had postpartum depression,which might affect their eating and exercise habits. Which of the following is NOT mentioned about mothers with children? | [
"They are less active",
"They eat unhealthy foods",
"They may feel unhappy aftre having babies",
"They may lose their jobs aftre having babies"
] | D. They may lose their jobs aftre having babies | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_23644 | When a handheld video game runs out of power,all you have to do is plug it in and charge it up.Within a few years,some of you might do the same thing with mom's car.Automobile companies are developing vehicles that will plugin to electric sockets ,just like many laptops,digital cameras,cellphones and small video game players do.Called "plugin hybrids ",these cars will get most of their power from electricity.Their drivers will rarely have to stop at gas stations. The technology is more than just cool.In our automobilefilled world,plugin vehicles could reduce the amount of gasoline we use.That gas is made from crude oil ,which keeps rising in cost.Plus,driving around in these hybrids may even help the environment.Gasburning cars produce a lot of carbon dioxide,a type of greenhouse gas.These gases stay in the atmosphere,where they trap heat and cause global warming. The first companyproduced plugin hybrids could hit the roads by 2010.But engineers still have a lot of work to do to make the technology practical and inexpensive. Batteries are the biggest challenge.In the pluginhybrid world,lithiumion (Liion) batteries are getting the most attention.These batteries can store a large amount of energy in a small package,and they last a ly long time between charges.Liion batteries are standard in laptops,cellphones,heart devices and other similar portable devices. But because cars are so big and heavy,it would still require a suitcasesized Liion battery to power about 12km of driving.What's more,the batteries are extremely expensive. "A car filled with batteries could go a long distance," says Ted Bohn,an electrical engineer in Chicago."But it couldn't haul any people,and it would cost $100,000." So researchers need to figure out how to make batteries smaller and cheaper,among other questions. "The answers don't exist yet," Bohn says."As a kid I thought someone someplace knows the answer to everything.All of these questions haven't been decided.That's what engineering is about--making a guess,running tests and finetuning results." The new technology is facing the following problems EXCEPT that . | [
"the technology isn't practical up to now",
"the cost of the new technology is quite high",
"the size of the batteries is too big at present",
"the government won't support the technology"
] | D. the government won't support the technology | mmlu_train |
arc_easy_978 | Astronomers have found evidence for the existence of a super-massive black hole in the center of the giant elliptical galaxy M87. What is thought to cause black holes to form? | [
"the death of a low-mass star",
"the gravity of a large nebula",
"the collapse of a high-mass star",
"the combining of material from planets"
] | C. the collapse of a high-mass star | arc_easy |
mmlu_train_25601 | Do you know why different animals or pests have their special color1s? Their color1s in them seem to be used mainly to protect themselves. Some birds like eating locusts , but birds cannot easily catch them. Why? It is because locusts change their color1s together with the change of the color1s of crops . When crops are green, locusts look green. But as the harvest time comes, locusts change to the same brown color1 as crops have. Some other pests with different color1s from plants are easily found and eaten by others. So they have to hide themselves for lives and appear only at night. If you study the animal life, you'll find the main use of color1ing is to protect the animals themselves. Bears, lions and other animals move quietly through forests. They cannot be easily seen by hunters . This is because they have the color1s much like the trees'. Have you ever noticed an even stranger act? A kind of fish in the sea can send out a kind of very black liquid when it faces danger. While the liquid spreads over , its enemies cannot find it. And it immediately swims away. So it has lived up to now though it is not strong at all. Bears and lions can keep safe because _ . | [
"they have the color1s much like the trees",
"they move quietly",
"they like brown and gray color1s",
"they live in forests"
] | A. they have the color1s much like the trees | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_61290 | Feeling tired lately? Has a doctor said he can't find anything wrong with you? Perhaps he sent you to a hospital, but all the advanced equipment there shows that there is nothing wrong with you. Then, consider this: you might be in a state of subhealth. Subhealth, also called the third state or gray state, is explained as a borderline state between health and disease. According to the study by the National Health Organization, over 45 percent of subhealthy people are middle-aged or elderly. The percentage is even higher among people who work in management position as well as students around exam time. Symptoms include a lack of energy, depression, slow reactions, sleeplessness, anxiety, and poor memory. Other symptoms include shortness of breath, sweating and aching in the waist and legs. The key to preventing and recovering from subhealth, according to some medical experts, is to form good living habits, alternately work with rest, exercise regularly, and take part in open air activities. As for meals, people are advised to eat less salt and sugar. They should eat more fresh vegetables, fruits and fish because they are rich in nutritional elements-vitamins and trace elements that are important to the body. Nutrition experts point out that it is not good to eat too much at one meal because it may cause unhealthy changes in the digestive tract . They also say that a balanced diet is very helpful in avoiding subhealth. As for food, experts suggested that_. | [
"we should never eat meat",
"we should eat more meat",
"we should have meals with less salt and sugar",
"We should have meals without salt or sugar"
] | C. we should have meals with less salt and sugar | mmlu_train |
arc_easy_938 | The Sun is a medium-sized star and is expected to continue to perform nuclear fusion for five billion years. What is most likely to be the final stage of the Sun? | [
"supernova",
"supergiant",
"neutron star",
"white dwarf"
] | D. white dwarf | arc_easy |
aquarat_12642 | 45 liters of mixture is created by mixing Liquid A and Liquid B in the ratio 3:2. How much more Liquid B must be added to make the ratio 9:11? | [
"9 Litres",
"10 Litres",
"12 Litres",
"15 Lt",
"16 Litres"
] | D. 15 Lt | aquarat |
aquarat_10730 | On average, Machine A will produce a completed item once every 2 minutes, and Machine B will produce a completed item once every nine minutes. The number of items Machine A produces in a 24-hour period is approximately what percent greater than the number of items Machine B would produce in that same period? | [
"125%",
"325%",
"350%",
"250%",
"470%"
] | C. 350% | aquarat |
aquarat_28681 | Sophia finished 2/3 of a book. She calculated that she finished 90 more pages than she has yet to read. How long is her book? | [
"270",
"150",
"130",
"90",
"210"
] | A. 270 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_69797 | Plants are very important. This is because plants can make food from air, water and sunlight. Animals and man cannot make food from air, water and sunlight. Animals can get their food by eating plants and other animals. Man gets his food by eating plants and animals, too. So animals and man need plants to live. This is why there are so many plants around us. There are two kinds of plants: flowering plants and non-flowering plants. Almost all the trees around us are flowers and fruit. Non-flowering plants don't grow flowers. You can't see many non-flowering plants around you. If you look carefully at the plants around you, you'll find that there are many kinds of plants. Some plants are very big and some very small. Most of them are green. We can live on the earth because of the plants around us. Which of the following doesn't come from a plant? | [
"Basket.",
"Bread.",
"Cabbage.",
"Stone Forest"
] | D. Stone Forest | mmlu_train |
aquarat_22626 | The sum of 11 hours 45 minutes and 2 hours 15 minutes is approximately what percent of a day? | [
"approx 54%",
"approx 58%",
"approx 74%",
"28%",
"72%"
] | B. approx 58% | aquarat |
aquarat_9420 | There are 10 periods in each working day of a school. In how many ways can one organize 9 subjects such that each subject is allowed at least one period? | [
"16329600",
"16356789",
"16324600",
"15679892",
"None of these"
] | A. 16329600 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_14460 | As we know, it is common for people to catch a cold in winter and most people believe they know the reason for colds. However, scientists say people have some wrong beliefs about the cause of colds. Many people think that once you get infected by colds, you will not be easy to be attacked by colds for the rest of your life. That's not the case. There are about 200 different viruses that cause the common cold. You catch a cold because of one kind of them this time, but you might catch a cold next time because of another. Others believe that people get sick just because of the cold weather in winter. That is also wrong. It's because people tend to stay closer in winter and the cold virus is _ from one person to another through handshakes, sneezing, or coughing. While there is no actual cure for the common cold, scientists say there are still a few things you can do to help you. Some experts say honey and chicken soup are effective against colds. Especially honey. There is increasing evidence that it helps shorten the duration of the common cold sometimes even by two to three days particularly in children. Chicken soup also helps reduce the duration of the cold. In addition, if you do have a cold and you don't feel like eating anything, it's not going to hurt you but you have to drink a lot and you can drink water or tea because doctors say the water cycle in your bodies helps to cure colds. That's very important. Though there is more than one way to deal with colds, doctors say the best advice is to continue using whatever works best for you. If you have a cold, you can do the following except _ . | [
"drinking a lot of water",
"drinking chicken soups",
"eating honey",
"forcing yourself to eat"
] | D. forcing yourself to eat | mmlu_train |
aquarat_37248 | A cab driver 5 days income was $600, $250, $450, $400 , $800. Then his average income is? | [
"$460",
"$480",
"$500",
"$520",
"$540"
] | C. $500 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_14582 | The great Snipe is a little shore bird-not one that would be considered a great athlete. However, a recent study has shown that these slightly fat birds not only fly nonstop for long periods of time during their annual migration, but do so at record speeds. The brown migratory birds that are about the size of a pigeon spend their summers in Eastern Europe and winters in Central Africa, a distance of about 2,800 to 4,000 miles. In May 2009, a team of researchers led by Dr. Raymond Klaasen from Sweden's Lund University fitted ten Great Snipes with tiny geo-locating devices that allow scientists to figure out when and where the birds travel, and let them loose. The following year they found three of the birds and took back the devices. What they discovered was quite _ . All three birds had flown nonstop to Central Africa in August of 2009-one had flown 4,225 miles in just 3.5 days. The second one had covered a distance of 3,833 miles in three days, while the third had managed to fly 2,870 miles in a mere 48 hours or two days. Even more surprising was that these birds had traveled at speeds that averaged about 50 miles per hour-making it the fastest known migration ever. While many birds migrate longer distances, they do so over a period of a few months, resting and feeding in between. However, despite the fact the Great Snipe has plenty of opportunities, it does not stop. And they do the entire flight with their own power, with no assistance from the wind. The tiny bird is able to make this unbelievable direct flight because of all the fat it gradually gathers in its body, which it then uses as fuel. Native no North Eastern Europe, Great Snipes live in marshlands and wet meadows . But they are also on the list of endangered animals because of loss of habitat. This text can be classified as _ . | [
"humorous",
"explanatory",
"novelistic",
"poetic"
] | B. explanatory | mmlu_train |
arc_challenge_461 | What most likely happens when a cold air mass comes into contact with a warm, moist air mass? | [
"The sky becomes clear.",
"Rain or snow begins to fall.",
"Cold air is pushed to high altitudes.",
"Warm air is pushed to ground level."
] | B. Rain or snow begins to fall. | arc_challenge |
aquarat_39006 | Tom had 63 apples. He divides all apples evenly among 9 friends. How many apples did Tom give to each of his friends? | [
"1",
"2",
"18",
"7",
"8"
] | D. 7 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_46748 | Many studies have been carried out to discover the benefits of listening to and playing music. The growing field of "music treatment" is presenting increasing amounts of proof that point to the great powers of music. Emotional benefits The right song can put anybody in a better state. Most people turn to certain songs to make them feel better. The main reason behind this is that music can express our feelings better than any other medium. In addition, we have favorite songs for particular situations because we turn to the music which has the best effect on us. Music and exercise Have you ever noticed how out of breath you get when listening to an exciting song while doing exercises at the gym? It has been suggested that exciting music can actually increase muscle tension , while light music does the opposite. It has also been proved that music can improve motor skills. An experiment done on a group of pupils proved that children learning basic motor skills such as throwing ,catching and jumping while listening to music did better than those with no music. Chronic pain relief Music also has the ability to reduce chronic pain. In fact, according to a paper published in the Journal of Advanced Nursing, music can reduce chronic pain by 21%. The paper reports that 60 patients in an experiment were divided into two groups--one group listened to music, and the other did not. The results showed that people who listened to music for an hour each day for a week improved physically and psychologically while those who did not listen to music did not. The best title for the passage is | [
"The Study of Music",
"The Benefits of Music",
"How Music Helps Patients",
"Music Helps to Improve Work Efficiency"
] | B. The Benefits of Music | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_19641 | Plant cloning has been an agricultural technique used by farmers and gardeners for centuries. Grafting is a common form of plant cloning. Many plants in nature actually clone themselves and reproduce asexually. Cloned plants are much more predictable than normal plants, so their yield is more reliable. Cloned plants also reproduce faster, limiting the amount of time between planting and harvesting. It is also often cheaper to produce seeds through cloning than through traditional methods. Plants can essentially be optimized so that farmers or individual growers always have the best seeds available. With more yield at a faster rate, farms can produce more food for more people while decreasing overall costs. Cloning can be used to wipe out diseases that previously killed off entire fields of crops. This would make plants immune to the kinds of diseases that farmers and gardeners around the world fear each year. Crop failures due to disease and virus could become a thing of the past. Also, plants that are near extinction can be brought back to life through cloning. Through cloning scientists can develop "super" fruits and vegetables of superior nutritional quality. This could make for a healthier population overall. This is already being done through selective pollination , and genetic cloning could take it to the next level. By plant cloning we have a population of identical plants and all these plants equally suffer from the same diseases, but in nature the weak would die and the strong would survive. While there are some dangers to consider with plant cloning, there are plenty of benefits that could prove vital to the propagation of the human species. According to the text, cloned plants_. | [
"have lower yield than normal plants",
"need little care from people",
"resist various kinds of diseases",
"have a short growth cycle"
] | D. have a short growth cycle | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_1521 | All living organisms are dependent on plants because plants | [
"produce carbon dioxide",
"remove oxygen from the air",
"are producers",
"are consumers"
] | C. are producers | mmlu_train |
aquarat_12721 | The compound interest earned on a sum for the second and the third years are $1400 and $1498 respectively. What is the rate of interest? | [
"3%",
"5%",
"7%",
"9%",
"11%"
] | C. 7% | aquarat |
aquarat_24970 | Two passenger trains start at the same hour in the day from two different stations and move towards each other at the rate of 16 kmph and 21 kmph respectively. When they meet, it is found that one train has traveled 60 km more than the other one. The distance between the two stations is? | [
"2887",
"444",
"877",
"278",
"178"
] | B. 444 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_10187 | Thirdgeneration mobile phones, known as 3G, are the next big step for the telecom industry. Data speed in 3G networks is much quicker than present technology. This means users can have highspeed Internet access and enjoy video and CDquality music on their phones. "Mobile data is not a dream; it's not an option but a requirement." said Len Lauer, head of a US communications company,Sprint PCS,at a 3G conference in Bangkok earlier this month. With 3G, you can forget about text messages telling you yesterday's news; a 3G phone can receive video news programs, updated four times a day. Internet access will also be much quicker, making it easier to surf the Web on your phone than on your computer at home. Facetoface video calls And don't worry about getting lost. 3G phones offer map services so you can find a new restaurant just by pressing a few keys on your handset. However, the most impressive part of 3G technology is video calling. With live twoday video communication, you can have facetoface talks with friends and family on your mobile phone. Many European countries have already launched the service. In May 2000 the US Government issued five licenses to run 3G wireless services, while the first 3G phones arrived in Italy in March this year. International telecom companies can't wait to sell 3G in China, the world's largest mobile telecommunications market. But they will have to be patient. At the moment, China is busy testing its 3Gbased technologies, networks and services. This will be followed by a trial period before the phones can finally hit the shops. "We need to create a pool of 3G customers before the largescale commercial launch of the service." said Fan Yunjun, marketing manager for Beijing Mobile. "We expect that the 3G licenses will be issued late next year. " Which of the following is true according to the passage? | [
"3G mobile phones were first used in America.",
"Foreign telecom companies won't enter China.",
"3G technology is now at the commercial stage in China.",
"Users in China won't probably use 3G mobile phones until late next year."
] | D. Users in China won't probably use 3G mobile phones until late next year. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_58641 | The inventor of the world wide web,Tim BernersLee,has won an important award which comes with a prize bag of one million euros (PS671,000).The "Father of the Web" was named as the first winner of the Millennium Technology Prize by the Finnish Technology Award Foundation.He said he had just been "in the right place at the right time" and did not want his photo taken. In 1991,he came up with a system to organize,link and browse Net pages which revolutionized the Internet.The British scientist was knighted for his pioneering work in 2003. Sir Tim created his program while he was at the particle physics institute,Cern,in Geneva.The computer code he came up with let scientists easily share research findings across a computer network.In the early 1990s,it was called the "world wide web," and is still the basis of the web as we know it. The famous man never went on to commercialize his work.Instead he worked on expanding the use of the Net as a channel for free expression and cooperation. "The web is encouraging new types of social networks and opening up new ways for information management and business development.The web has significantly improved many people's ability to obtain information central to their lives,"said Pekka Tarjanne,chairman of the Millennium Technology Prize award committee. Just under 80 people from 22 countries were nominated for the prize for their work in the areas of health,communication,new materials and the environment. The Millennium Technology Prize was set up by the Finnish Technology Award Foundation,an independent body backed by the public and private money which aims to recognize outstanding creations. Sir Tim currently heads up the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Boston,where he is now based as an academic. Which of the following best describes Tim BernersLee? | [
"Optimistic.",
"Modest.",
"Ambitious.",
"Careful."
] | B. Modest. | mmlu_train |
aquarat_41970 | A military commander has to choose 2 soldiers out of a company of 9 for guarding the headquarters. How many different group combinations of 2 does he have to choose from? | [
"4",
"15",
"36",
"27",
"35"
] | C. 36 | aquarat |
aquarat_45399 | If n = 8^8 – 8, what is the units digit of n? | [
"0",
"1",
"8",
"2",
"4"
] | C. 8 | aquarat |
aquarat_33563 | The average weight of 8 people increases by 2.5 kg when a new person comes in place of one of them weighing 75 kg. What is the weight of the new person? | [
"75 kg",
"85 kg",
"95 kg",
"65 kg",
"55 kg"
] | C. 95 kg | aquarat |
mmlu_train_72970 | A young man worked very hard on his lessons. He was too busy to have a rest. One day he found that he couldn't fall asleep at night. As he became ill, he couldn't go to sleep. When he went to bed, he closed his eyes and tried to sleep. But he always failed. After a few days he decided to see a doctor. "I just can't go to sleep at night. What should I do?" he asked. "I have a suggestion," said the doctor. "You can try to count numbers. When you count to one thousand, you will be asleep. I am sure of it. " The next day the man returned to the doctor's office. "Well," said the doctor. "How are you today? Did you try my suggestion?" The man still looked tired. "Yes," he said. "I tried to count one, two, three.. , up to one thousand. But when I counted to five hundred and sixty--nine, I began to feel sleepy. I had to get up and drink some tea so that I could go on counting up to one thousand. But then I still couldn't fall asleep. " The young man returned to the doctor's office the next day because _ | [
"he wanted to thank the doctor",
"he felt better and wanted some more medicine",
"he wanted to ask the doctor how to count the numbers",
"he still couldn't go to sleep at night"
] | D. he still couldn't go to sleep at night | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_20896 | Many people consider their pets members of the family and are very sad when they die, but what if you could clone your dog, cat or bird? A scientist in New Orleans, who has proved his ability to clone other animals, is now offering the possibility to pet owners here in Wisconsin. Scientists have not been able to clone dogs, cats or other pets, but if and when the time comes, several companies will be ready and able to do the job. The question is: Are you ready to clone your pet? Brett Reggio is betting on it.He is working on his Ph. D at Louisian State University. He's successfully cloned a goat five times and wants to try the process on family pets. So he started a business called Lazaron. "What Lazaron provides is the first step in the cloning process. "He said."It's for curing and storing the fiberglass cells that will be used for cloning." "Your first reaction is yeah! I think I'd like that." said Donna Schacht, a pet owner. "I don't believe you can ever replace a special love," pet owner Paulette Callattion said. Most pet owners will tell you freezing your pet's DNA in hopes of one day cloning it is a personal decision. Scientists say that cloning your own pet doesn't mean that the offspring will have the same intelligence, temperament or other qualities that your pet has. Brett Reggio started a business in order to _ . | [
"clone pets for people",
"store the DAN of people's pets for cloning one day",
"make pets members of a family",
"collect different ideas on cloning from people"
] | B. store the DAN of people's pets for cloning one day | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_59669 | Are you carrying too much on your back to school? I'm sure lots of your age will say "Yes". Not only the students in China have this problem, but children in the United States also have heavy school bags. Doctors are starting to worry about that younger and younger students are having problems as a result of school bags being too heavy for them. "It's hard for me to go upstairs with my bag because it's so heavy," said Rich Hammond, an 11-year-old student in the US. Rich is among students who have common school bags with two straps to carry them, but many other choose rolling bags. But even with rolling bags, getting up stairs and houses is still a problem for children. Many of them have hurt backs and necks because of the heavy school bags. But how much is too much? Doctors say students should carry no more than 10% to 15% of their own body weight. Scott Bautch, a black doctor, said children under Grade 4 should stay with 10%. But it is also important that older children don't stay with over 15%, because their bodies are still growing. "Children are losing their balance and falling down with their school bags," he said. Parents and teachers are starting to tell children to only take home library books that they will be reading at night. Some teachers are using pieces of paper or thin workbooks for students to take home. One of the best answers is, as some children said, to have no homework at all. If a child carries a heavy school bag, _ . | [
"his back and neck will be hurt",
"his head and arms will be hurt",
"his hands will be hurt",
"his feed will be hurt"
] | A. his back and neck will be hurt | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_51629 | A few years ago, in one experiment in behavioural psychology, Stanley Milgram of Yale University tested 40 subjects for their willingness to obey instructions given by a "leader" in a situation in which the subjects might feel a personal dislike of the actions they were called upon to perform. Specifically, Milgram told each volunteer "teacher-subject" that the experiment was in the noble cause of education, and was designed to test whether or not punishing pupils for their mistakes would have a positive effect on the pupils' ability to learn. The teacher-subjects were placed before a panel of thirty switches with labels ranging from "15 volts of electricity (slight shock)" to "450 volts (danger -- severe shock)" in steps of 15 volts each. The teacher-subject was told that whenever the pupil gave the wrong answer to a question, a shock was to be administered. The supposed "pupil" was in reality an actor hired by Milgram to pretend to receive the shocks by giving out cries and screams. Milgram told the teacher-subject to ignore the reactions of the pupil, and to administer whatever level of shock was called for. As the experiment unfolded, the "pupil" would deliberately give the wrong answers to questions, thereby bringing on various electrical punishments, even up to the danger level of 300 volts and beyond. Many of the teacher-subjects _ administering the higher levels of punishment, and turned to Milgram. In these situations, Milgram calmly explained that the teacher-subject was to carry on with the experiment and that it was important for the sake of the experiment that the procedure be followed through to the end. What Milgram was trying to discover was the number of teacher-subjects who would be willing to administer the highest levels of shock, even in the face of strong personal and moral revulsion against the rules and conditions of the experiment. Before carrying out the experiment, Milgram explained his idea to a group of 39 psychiatrists and asked them to predict the average percentage of people who would be willing to administer the highest shock level of 450 volts. The overwhelming consensus was that basically all the teacher-subjects would refuse to obey the experimenter. The psychiatrists felt that "most subjects would not go beyond 150 volts" and only a small percentage of about one in 1,000 would give the highest shock of 450 volts. What were the actual results? Well, over 60 per cent of the teacher-subjects continued to obey Milgram up to the 450-volt limit! In repetitions of the experiment in other countries, the percentage was even higher, reaching 85 per cent in one country. How can we possibly account for this result? One might firstly argue that there must be some sort of built-in animal aggression instinct that was activated by the experiment. A modem sociobiologist might even go so far as to claim that this aggressive instinct was of survival value to our ancestors in their struggle against the hardships of life on the plains and in the caves, finally finding its way into our genetic make-up. Another explanation is to see the teacher-subjects' actions as a result of the social context in which the experiment was carried out. As Milgram himself pointed out, "Most subjects in the experiment see their behaviour in a larger context that is good and useful to society -- the pursuit of scientific troth. The psychological laboratory has a strong claim to legitimacy and gains trust and confidence in those who perform there. An action such as shocking a victim, which in isolation appears evil, acquires a completely different meaning when placed in this setting". Here we have two different explanations. The problem for us is to sort out which of these two polar explanations is more reasonable. This is the problem of modern sociobiology -- to discover how hard-wired genetic programming decides the interaction of animals and humans with their environment, that is, their behaviour. Put another way, sociobiology is concerned with explaining the biological basis of all behaviour. Before the experiment took place the psychiatrists _ . | [
"believed that a shock of 150 volts was unbearable",
"failed to agree on how the teacher-subjects would respond to instructions",
"under-predicted the teacher-subjects' willingness to follow experimental procedure",
"thought that many of the teacher-subjects would administer a shock of 450 volts"
] | C. under-predicted the teacher-subjects' willingness to follow experimental procedure | mmlu_train |
aquarat_36072 | Find the simple interest on $10000 at 6% per annum for 12 months? | [
"$410",
"$500",
"$600",
"$710",
"$1000"
] | C. $600 | aquarat |
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