id stringlengths 9 18 | question stringlengths 4 4.81k | choices listlengths 2 13 | full_answer stringlengths 4 180 | dataset stringclasses 5
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mmlu_train_33212 | Having good social relationships -- friends, marriage or children -- may be every bit as important to a healthy life as quitting smoking, losing weight or taking certain medicines. U. S. researchers reported on Tuesday. People with strong social relationships were SO percent less likely to die early than people without such support, the team at Brigham Young University in Utah found. They suggest that the government look at ways to help people keep social relationships as a way of keeping the population healthy. "A lack of social relationships was equal to smoking up to 15 cigarettes a day," psychologist Julianne Holt-Lunstad, who led the study, said in a telephone interview. Her team conducted a study that examined social relationships and their effects on health. They looked at 148 studies that covered more than 308,000 people, published in the Public Library of Science journal PLoS Medicine at www.plosmedicine.org. Having low levels of social relationships was equal to being an alcoholic, was more harmful than not exercising and was twice as harmful as obesity. Social relationships had a bigger effect on early death than getting an injection to prevent pneumonia ,than taking drugs for high blood pressure and far more important than living in air pollution, they found. "I certainly don't want to _ these other risk factors because of course they are very important," Holt-Lunstad said. We need to start taking social relationships just as seriously. " But Holt-Lundstad said there was some evidence that assigning caretakers does not help improve people's health. "Naturally occurring relationships may be different than the support received from someone who is hired for that purpose." she said. What conclusion can we draw from the text? | [
"The support from hired caretakers is more natural.",
"The love from our family members has better effect.",
"Air pollution does more harm to people than poor social relationships.",
"Poor social relationships are the biggest reason for people's early death."
] | B. The love from our family members has better effect. | mmlu_train |
aquarat_44604 | If a - b = 3 and a(power 2) + b(power 2) = 25, find the value of ab. | [
"5",
"8",
"4",
"10",
"3"
] | B. 8 | aquarat |
aquarat_53103 | Keats Library purchases a number of new books, all in the category of biography, and the library does not acquire any other books. With the addition of the new biographies, the biography collection of the library amounts to 55% of the total number of books in the library. If prior to the purchase, only 20% of the books in Keats Library were biographies, by what percent has the number of biographies in the library increased? | [
"270%",
"310%",
"350%",
"390%",
"430%"
] | D. 390% | aquarat |
arc_easy_885 | What is the main source of energy for the water cycle? | [
"electricity",
"erosion",
"gravity",
"sunlight"
] | D. sunlight | arc_easy |
aquarat_2014 | The Full House Casino is running a new promotion. Each person visiting the casino has the opportunity to play the Trip Aces game. In Trip Aces, a player is randomly dealt three cards, without replacement, from a deck of 8 cards. If a player receives 3 aces, they will receive a free trip to one of 10 vacation destinations. If the deck of 8 cards contains 3 aces, what is the probability that a player will win a trip? | [
"1/336",
"1/120",
"1/56",
"1/720",
"1/1440"
] | C. 1/56 | aquarat |
aquarat_27523 | The speed of a boat in upstream is 30 kmph and the speed of the boat downstream is 50 kmph. Find the speed of the boat in still water and the speed of the stream? | [
"40,10 kmph",
"38,10 kmph",
"40,70 kmph",
"78,10 kmph",
"70,12 kmph"
] | A. 40,10 kmph | aquarat |
arc_challenge_303 | Which of these best defines communicable diseases? | [
"They can be cured.",
"They are caused by bacteria.",
"They are spread to others.",
"They can spread only in winter."
] | C. They are spread to others. | arc_challenge |
aquarat_30709 | In a class, there are 20 boys whose average age is decreased by 2 months, when one boy aged 21 years replaced by a new boy. The age of the new boy is? | [
"14 years 8 months",
"15 years",
"16 years 4 months",
"17 years 8 months",
"17 years"
] | D. 17 years 8 months | aquarat |
mmlu_train_36651 | Ears are for hearing -- everyone knows that. But for a creature called the Cuvier's beaked whale, hearing starts in the throat, a new study found. The observation might help explain how all whales hear. The work might also help scientists understand how animals are affected by underwater sonar . This sonar, used by some ships, sends out sound waves to locate underwater objects. The Cuvier's beaked whale is a so-called toothed whale. Toothed whales dive deep into the ocean in search of food. As the whales hunt, they produce sounds that reach objects and then return to the whales. This allows the animals to "see" the shape, size, and location of objects, even when they're 1,000 meters under the sea, where it is totally dark. To better understand how the whale hears, researchers from San Diego State University in California took X-rays of two Cuvier's beaked whales. The whales had died and washed up on the beach. Ted Cranford and his colleagues used the images to make a computer model of a Cuvier's beaked whale's head. Then, they modeled the process of sound traveling through the head. The researchers knew that some sounds get to the ears of a toothed whale through a structure called "the window for sound". Found on the lower jaw, this structure is very thin on the outside and has a large pad of fat on the inside. When the researchers used their computer model to work out how sound waves travel in the whale's head, they were surprised to find that sounds coming from right in front of the whale actually travel under the animal's jaw. From there, sound waves move through the throat, into a hole in the back of the jaw, and finally to the pad of fat near the animal's ears. Cranford guesses that other types of whales may hear through their throats. Further testing is needed to be sure. Eventually, the insight into how whales hear might explain whether sonar testing by military ships is causing the animals to wind up on beaches. Researchers took X-rays of two Cuvier's beaked whales in order to _ . | [
"find out why they had died and washed up on the beach",
"make a computer model of a Cuvier's beaked whale's head",
"make sure that sound travels through the head",
"know more about the way the whale hears"
] | D. know more about the way the whale hears | mmlu_train |
arc_easy_106 | Why should plants be included in investigations about the water cycle? | [
"Plants speed up the water cycle by removing carbon from the air.",
"Plants start the water cycle when they make water in photosynthesis.",
"Plants are part of the water cycle through the process of transpiration.",
"Plants stop the water cycle because they absorb it and stop the flow to streams."
] | C. Plants are part of the water cycle through the process of transpiration. | arc_easy |
arc_challenge_1052 | Some of the new cars being made can run on a renewable fuel that is made mostly from corn. Scientists are developing even more renewable fuels to replace gasoline. Why are renewable fuels most likely becoming more important? | [
"Renewable fuels release less energy.",
"Car fuel tanks are being made smaller.",
"The demand for gasoline is decreasing.",
"Nonrenewable fuel supplies are limited."
] | D. Nonrenewable fuel supplies are limited. | arc_challenge |
mmlu_train_21108 | Military training has long been considered a ritual that freshmen must go through in order to officially start their college lives. While some question the necessity of such training. Many students see military training as a campus tradition that should be maintained. Early in February, the Ministry of Education issued a new regulation that colleges and universities should carry out a minimum of 14 days compulsory military training for freshmen. In a report by Beijing Evening News, Hou Zhengfang, a Beijing-based education PhD, questioned the benefits of military training. "The training routine does little to improve students' physical fitness over only two weeks' time. Maybe some disaster prevention training, such as earthquake survival or escaping from fires would be of greater benefit." Meng Yang, a 19-year-old freshman at Guangxi University, fainted during training. She said that many students, especially girls, are willing to train under direct sunshine. "For me, military training is physically challenging and even damages my health." According to Li Jian from the student affairs office of Guangzhou University, feeling dizzy happens frequently during military training and the school has received a lot of complaints from both students and parents: "But I still think military training is a good thing. Students are easier to manage after the military training. They became more positive about their new environment after the training." Although autumn is fast approaching Beijing, the noon heat burns 3300 freshmen on Tsinghua University's campus. Chu Jinjing, a freshman majoring in medicine, did feel some discomfort while training in sweaty clothes in the glaring heat, the 18-year-old still enjoyed being part of group going through strict exercises. "By going through this tough training, students bond faster and a sense of belonging to the school can be formed. I've made a lot of friends already." According to the Ministry of Education, the purpose of military training is to teach students discipline, the spirit of teamwork and endurance. But in reality, according to Xiong Bingqi, deputy director of the 21stCentury Education Research Institute, the effect is not satisfying. "Such goals require long-term development. It is unrealistic to expect military training to make a difference in only 14 days." He thus suggests that it should be up to schools to conduct military training in a way that best suits their students. However, Wang Wenhui, an 18-year-old freshman from Xi'an Jiaotong University, sees military training as a tradition that reaches beyond character building. "From junior and senior high school to college, we join military training to start a new journey. I would feel a bit incomplete without it." What is the best title for the passage? | [
"A Policy Made by the Ministry of Education",
"Military Training under Fire",
"A New Journey",
"A Best Way to Teach Students Discipline"
] | B. Military Training under Fire | mmlu_train |
aquarat_15753 | There is a train and car. The ratio between the speed of a train & a car is 24:19 respectively. Also, a bus covered a distance of 320 km in 5 hours. The speed of the bus is 2/3rd of the speed of the train. How many kilometers will the car cover in 5 hours? | [
"320",
"340",
"360",
"380",
"400"
] | D. 380 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_12605 | No one really knows how and why people change as they get older. Also, no theory sufficiently explains all the changes of the aging process. Aging is a complex and varied process that varies in how it affects different people and organs. In fact, even in one person , different organ systems "age " at a different rate. At a certain point in our lives our body systems will begin to weaken . It may become more difficult for us to see and hear. The slow change of aging causes our bodies to lose some of their ability to _ from disease and injury. In order to live longer , we have always tried to slow or stop this change that leads us toward the end of our lives. Many factors decide our health . A good diet plays an important role. The amount and the type of exercise we get are another two factors. Our living condition is yet another. But scientists studying the aging problem want to know: Why do people grow old? They hope that by studying the aging medical science they may be able to make the length of life longer. There is nothing to be afraid of as the old age comes. Many consider the later part of life to be the best time for living. Physical activity may become less, but often we get better understanding of the world and ourselves. What we consider the old age now may only be middle-aged some day soon. Who knows ,with so many advances in medical science happening so quickly, life length may one day be measured in centuries ,rather than in years! In order to make people live longer, scientists _ according to the text. | [
"teach people how to eat properly",
"discover how important the exercise is to one's health",
"study the ways to slow or stop the process of aging",
"invent new medicine to slow down the process of aging"
] | C. study the ways to slow or stop the process of aging | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_38889 | Is this a car? Is it a smart phone? Is it a gaming machine? Yes to all three. The Toyota Fun-Vii is a pleasure palace on wheels. If Toyota has its way, paint jobs could become a thing of the past, because it has introduced an amazing car that can change its whole look in an instant. The Vii in Fun-Vii, which stands for "Vehicle, Interactive, Internet" It is a small three-seater car that looks like a smart phone, so it is called a smart phone on wheels.Inside and out, most aspects of the car can interact with the internet and be controlled by a smart phone.The magical car allows the owners to download pictures from their phones onto the outside, so that the look of the car could be changed instantly.The color inside could also be changed to reflect the owner's mood.Just as the company president Akio Toyoda said, "A car must appeal to our emotions.If it's not fun, it's not a car." Its outside and inside are not made of solid paint but touch screens that can display pictures and videos.A network update function downloads all the latest software to make sure the car is always up-to-date, and it can provide the latest entertainment as well as information about its surroundings to the driver.As you drive around, the thoughtful car allows you to communicate with your friends in the nearby cars.It also helps you find your way from one place to another. It's all because the car is networked with all the other cars on the road and drives itself. The smart car is a practical, family sized vehicle fuelled by hydrogen, and it is one of the futuristic concept cars under the theme of "fun to drive, again".It heralds a not-too-distant future where people, cars and society are linked. The owners of the Fun-Vii can reflect their mood by _ . | [
"downloading images to change the outside",
"interacting with computers while driving",
"changing the color inside the car",
"changing the speed of the car"
] | C. changing the color inside the car | mmlu_train |
arc_challenge_482 | What kind of energy change occurs when a battery is operating a remote control toy? | [
"Heat energy is changed to light energy.",
"Light energy is changed to heat energy.",
"Potential energy is changed to kinetic energy.",
"Kinetic energy is changed to chemical energy."
] | C. Potential energy is changed to kinetic energy. | arc_challenge |
mmlu_train_74319 | You may not have heard the words "freshman fifteen" before, but they are very important for students who are entering university. A freshman is a first-year college student. "Fifteen" refers to fifteen pounds--the fifteen pounds added to a student's weight in his or her first year. There are a number of reasons why first-year university students gain (n) weight; but it's encouraging to know that freshmen don't have to add these harmful fifteen pounds. Mistakes choosing food University kitchens serve many kinds of food. Some students choose unhealthy food,because now their parents are not nearby to help them choose. Some students visit the kitchen many times while studying. Late at night, some students get harmful fast food such as fish and chips with Coke to drink. Students also have less time for walking, running, and doing sports because of their schoolwork. Eating right If you,re careful, you don,t have to add fifteen pounds. Here are some ideas: l Think more about what you eat. l Eat plenty of vegetables and healthy meats. l Don't eat desserts full of sugar; have fruit after dinner. l Try not to eat so much unhealthy food while you study. l It,s all right to have a little fast food sometimes--but not often. l Write down the foods you eat. l Walk, run, do sports--move and you will feel better! Remember that the "freshman fifteen" can happen to anyone. Talk to your friends about it. Together, try to eat healthy food and not to eat unhealthy food. Walking, running, and playing sports is always more fun with friends. Help each other and you can have a healthy and happy freshman year. The main idea of this reading is to _ . | [
"get students ready to gain fifteen pounds",
"sell healthy food to new students",
"help new university students not to gain fifteen pounds",
"show the mistakes students make in studying"
] | C. help new university students not to gain fifteen pounds | mmlu_train |
arc_easy_241 | How do producers get energy? | [
"eating plants and seeds",
"eating other animals",
"breaking down organisms through decay",
"using the sun to make food"
] | D. using the sun to make food | arc_easy |
arc_easy_1233 | The North America Nebula is named for its similarity in shape to the North American continent. It was discovered within the Milky Way by astronomer William Herschel in 1790. What was Mr. Herschel most likely observing? | [
"the explosion following the collapse of a star",
"a dense cluster of stars of varying magnitudes",
"meteorites as Earth passed through the tail of a comet",
"a cloud of hydrogen gas and dust where stars are born"
] | D. a cloud of hydrogen gas and dust where stars are born | arc_easy |
arc_challenge_439 | What is a benefit of the regulation of gene expression? | [
"conservation of genetic information",
"conservation of cell resources",
"trait adaptation to environmental change",
"trait inheritance in offspring"
] | B. conservation of cell resources | arc_challenge |
aquarat_51136 | A group of students decided to collect as many paise from each member of group as is the number of members. If the total collection amounts to Rs. 72.25, the number of the member is the group is: | [
"57",
"67",
"77",
"85",
"97"
] | D. 85 | aquarat |
m1_pref_27 | Consider two fully connected networks, A and B, with a constant width for all layers, inputs and outputs.
Network A has depth $3L$ and width $H$, network B has depth $L$ and width $2H$.
Everything else is identical for the two networks and both $L$ and $H$ are large.
In this case, performing a single iteration of backpropagation requires fewer scalar multiplications for network A than for network B. | [
"True",
"False"
] | A. True | m1_pref |
aquarat_26519 | A sum was put at simple interest at certain rate for 3 years. Had it been put at 1% higher rate it would have fetched Rs. 66 more. The sum is: A. Rs. 2,400 B. Rs. 2,100 C. Rs. 2,200 D.Rs. 2,480 | [
"2000",
"2100",
"2200",
"2300",
"2400"
] | C. 2200 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_87061 | Little Smart or Xiaolingtong is becoming more and more popular in China. But you can use it only in your city. If you go to another city, it will have no use. It looks like a mobile phone, but the service( )is quite cheap. We only need to pay about 20 yuan a month for the line and about 0.1 yuan each minute for the talk. What's more, you don't have to pay any money when someone else calls you. But little Smart is not really so smart. Users often complain about( ) its bad voice. " I can't make or get a phone call when I am on a bus," a person in Hangzhou said. Scientists are trying their best to make Little Smart smarter. And the latest Little Smart even has a color screen. Little Smart is popular because _ . | [
"the service of it is very cheap",
"it's very expensive",
"it's very smart",
"it's very useful in another city"
] | A. the service of it is very cheap | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_55221 | An extinct mountain goat that was once common in the Pyrenees became the first animal to be brought back from extinction. Researchers used frozen DNA to produce a clone, but the newborn kid died within minutes of birth due to breathing difficulties. The Pyrenean ibex is a type of mountain goat,which is believed to have died out completely in 2000. Before the death of the last known individual(a13-year-old female known as Celia), biologists took cells from her skin and ears. An earlier cloning attempt to use the skin cells failed. But the latest attempt involved the creation of 439 cloned embryos. Of these cloned embryos, 57 were put into the female domestic goats, but only one goat gave birth and the newborn cloned kid died after seven minutes as a result of lung disease. Researchers say that other cloned animals, including sheep, have been born with similar lung disease, but they say that overall the experiment was a major step forward in the effort to bring the ibex back to its mountain home. The leading researcher Jose Folch says, "the cloned kid was genetically like the ibex;in species such as the ibex,cloning is the only possibility to avoid its complete disappearance." The failure to produce a living clone from DNA that was frozen only a decade ago shows the difficulty researchers would face in trying to bring back species that have been extinct for decades or centuries. Researchers have had the idea of bringing back the Tasmanian tiger, which went extinct in 1936. There are, however, other species that have been seriously suggested for cloning,such as the giant panda, the African bongo antelope, the Sumatran tiger and the pygmy hippo. Supporters believe cloning provides hope of keeping these endangered animals alive before they die out. Jose Foleh would agree that cloning _ . | [
"is not suitable and should be banned.",
"requires immediate attention.",
"should be carried out cautiously.",
"may help prevent animal extinction."
] | D. may help prevent animal extinction. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_75301 | Good morning! I am an English boy. My name is Frank Smith. My telephone number is 451-3175.My pen is blue, and my ruler is white. The girl is Grace Brown. Grace is a nice girl. Her telephone number is 535-9861. Her pen is black, and her ruler is red. Grace and I both like numbers. Numbers are interesting. What color is Grace's pen? | [
"Blue.",
"Black.",
"White.",
"Red."
] | B. Black. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_36105 | Here's one number to keep in mind during your next cell phone conversation: 50. A new experiment shows that spending 50 minutes with an active phone pressed up to the ear increases activity in the brain. This brain activity probably doesn't make you smarter. When cell phones are on, they emit energy in the form of radiation that could be harmful, especially after years of cell phone usage. Scientists don't know yet whether cell phones are bad for the brain. Studies like this one are attempting to find it out. The 47 participants in the experiment may have looked a little strange. Each one had two Samsung cell phones attached to his or her head -- one on each ear. The phone on the left ear was off. The phone on the right ear played a message for 50 minutes, but the participants couldn't hear it because the sound was off. With this set-up, the scientists could be sure they were studying brain activity from the phone itself, and not brain activity due to listening and talking during a conversation. After 50 minutes with two phones strapped to their heads, the participants were given PET scans. The PET scan showed that the left side (the side with the phone turned off) of each participant's brain hadn't changed during the experiment. The right side of the brain, however, had used more glucose, which is a type of sugar that provides fuel to brain cells. These right-side brain cells were using almost as much glucose as the brain uses when a person is talking. This suggests that the brain cells there were active -- even without the person hearing anything. That activity, the scientists say, was probably caused by radiation from the phone. Henry Lai, who works at the University of Washington in Seattle, is uncomfortable with the data related to cell phones. Holding a cell phone to your ear during a conversation is "not really safe," Lai told Science News. Lai is a bioengineer at the University of Washington in Seattle. He wrote an article about the new study for a journal, but he did not work on the study. Bioengineers bring together ideas from engineering and biology. For those who don't want to wait to find out for sure whether cell phones are bad for the brain, there are ways to talk more safely. You can have short and sweet conversations, use a speakerphone or keep the phone away from your head. Where is this article probably taken from? | [
"Literature magazine.",
"Science News.",
"Story books.",
"Art Journal."
] | B. Science News. | mmlu_train |
aquarat_22431 | A watch which gains 5 seconds in 3 minutes was set right at 7 a.m. In the afternoon of the same day, when the watch indicated quarter past 4 o'clock, the true time is: | [
"4",
"5",
"6",
"7",
"8"
] | A. 4 | aquarat |
aquarat_24151 | A dishonest dealer professes to sell goods at the cost price but uses a false weight and gains 25%. Find his false weight age? | [
"298",
"268",
"800",
"266",
"226"
] | C. 800 | aquarat |
aquarat_41721 | A cyclist traveled for two days. On the second day the cyclist traveled 4 hours longer and at an average speed 10 mile per hour slower than she traveled on the first day. If during the two days she traveled a total of 210 miles and spent a total of 12 hours traveling, what was her average speed on the second day? | [
"5 mph",
"10 mph",
"20 mph",
"30 mph",
"40 mph"
] | D. 30 mph | aquarat |
mmlu_train_77898 | Do you know why different animals or pests have their special colors? Colors in them seem to be mainly used to protect themselves. Some birds like eating locusts , but birds cannot easily catch them. Why? It is because locusts change their colors with the change of the colors of crops. When crops are green, locusts look green. But as the harvest time comes, locusts change into the same brown color as crops have. Some other pests whose colors are different form plants are easily found and eaten by others. So they have to hide themselves for lives and appear only at night. If you study the animals' life, you'll find the main use of colors is to protect themselves. Bears, lions and other animals move quietly through forests. They cannot be easily seen by hunters because their colors are much like the trees. Colors are useful not only on the land, but also in the sea. A kind of fish in the sea can give out a kind of black liquid when the fish face danger. The liquid spreads over quickly, so they cannot be found by their enemies and can quickly swim away. That is why they live safely though they are not strong at all. According to the passage, the fish can keep safe because _ . | [
"they can change their colors",
"they can give out a kind of liquid",
"they are strong enough",
"they swim faster than any other fish"
] | B. they can give out a kind of liquid | mmlu_train |
arc_challenge_921 | Which substance is a compound? | [
"sodium",
"chlorine",
"table salt",
"salt water"
] | C. table salt | arc_challenge |
mmlu_train_23261 | For all dinner tables, a glass of milk seems to be a must. At least it was when I was growing up. It is widely believed that milk is a must in building strong bones and teeth. There's no doubt that dairy products, especially milk, are high in protein and calcium, and Vitamin D and Vitamin A are added to most milk products. While it's well known that our bones need calcium, some studies suggest that high calcium intake doesn't necessarily lower a person's risk for fractures . A Harvard study found that people who drank two or more glasses of milk had no greater protection from breaking a bone than those who drank a glass or less a week. There is no doubt that we need calcium. Some anti-dairy supporters claim dairy products can lead to heart disease. Much of this claim is based on high-fat dairy products, like cheese and cream, which may indeed lead to some health problems. Some studies have linked high milk intakes with a risk of prostate cancer; this seems also to be caused by high-fat dairy products, but not by dairy products in general. Although milk has always been regarded as the most important thing we need for our bones, one of the most important things in strengthening bones and reducing the risk of osteoporosis is weight-bearing exercise, such as jogging, walking, and weight lifting. Perhaps we should think of dairy products as less like a nutrient and more like a food. If you like it, eat it. If not, find something else to eat. Some claims may not be completely true. When I eat cream, I'm not thinking about calcium, protein, or any such thing. I'm thinking it is delicious. For people who want to reduce the risk of osteoporosis, we can infer that the writer may suggest that they _ . | [
"avoid milk with Vitamin D and Vitamin A added",
"spend some time exercising",
"take in as much calcium as possible",
"drink more than two glasses of milk every day"
] | B. spend some time exercising | mmlu_train |
aquarat_181 | A man can row a boat at 20 kmph in still water. If the speed of the stream is 6 kmph, what is the time taken to row a distance of 60 km downstream? | [
"30/16 hours",
"80/13 hours",
"30/73 hours",
"30/13 hours",
"50/13 hours"
] | D. 30/13 hours | aquarat |
aquarat_2717 | The ratio between the length and the breadth of a rectangular plot is 7 : 5. If the perimeter of the plot is 288 metres, what is its area? | [
"1320 sq.metres",
"3260 sq.metres",
"4280 sq.metres",
"5040 sq.metres",
"None of these"
] | D. 5040 sq.metres | aquarat |
mmlu_train_53487 | To get an extra 14 years of life, don't smoke, eat lots of fruits and vegetables, exercise regularly and drink alcohol in a proper amount.That is according to a study published this Monday in the Public Library of Science Medicine Journal. After tracking more than 20,000 people aged 45 to 79 years in the United Kingdom from about 1993 to 2007, Kay-Tee Khaw of the University of Cambridge and his colleagues found that people who adopted these four healthy habits lived all average of 14 years longer than those who didn't. "We've known for a long time that these behaviors are good things to do, but we've not seen this benefit before, "said Susan Jebb, head of Nutrition and Health at Britain's Medical Research Council."The benefit was also seen regardless of whether or not people were fat and what social class they came from." Study participants scored a point each for not smoking, regular physical activity, eating five servings of fruits and vegetables a day and moderate alcohol intake. Public health experts said they hoped the study would inspire governments to introduce policies helping people to adopt these changes.But because the study only observed people rather than testing specific changes, it would be impossible to conclude that people who suddenly adopted these healthy behaviors would surely gain 14 years. "We can't say that any person could gain 14 years by doing these things, "said Dr.Tim Armstrong, a physical activity expert at the World Health Organization."The 14 years is an average across the population of what's theoretically possible." "Most people know that things like a good diet matter and that smoking isn't good for them, "Susan Jebb said."We need to work on providing people with much more practical support to help them change." What can be inferred from the passage? | [
"All the people are well aware of the harm of their bad habits.",
"People aged 45 to 70 have bad habits in the United Kingdom.",
"Governments should take measures to help people change their bad habits.",
"People have adopted the four healthy habits after knowing they're good."
] | C. Governments should take measures to help people change their bad habits. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_39852 | Psychology has a new application in the field of medicine. Many doctors, together with their patients, are looking for alternative methods of treatment of physical problems. In large hospitals, modern therapy seems to focus on the physical disease. Patients may feel they are treated like broken machines. Some doctors have recognized this as a problem. They are now using psychological therapy, in which the patient is working with the doctors against the disease with the help of medicine. The patient does not wait for the medicine and treatment to cure him or her, but instead the patient joins in the fight. The doctor knows that a disease affects a patient's body physically. The body of the patient changes because of the disease. He is not only physically affected, but also has an emotional response to the disease. Because his mind is affected, his attitude and behavior change. The medical treatment might cure the patient's physical problems, but the patient's mind must fight the emotional ones. For example, the studies of one doctor, Carl Simonton, M. D., have shown that a typical cancer patient has predictable attitudes. She typically feels depressed, upset, and angry. Her constant depression makes her acts unfriendly toward her family, friends, doctors, and nurses. Such attitudes and behaviors prevent recovery. Therefore, a doctor's treatment must help the patient change that. Simonton's method emphasizes treatment of the "whole" patient. The attitude of a cancer patient receiving radiation therapy, an X-ray treatment, can become more positive. The physician who is following Simonton's psychological treatment plan suggests that the patient imagine that he or she can see the tumor in the body. In the mental picture, the patient "sees" a powerful beam of radiation like a million bullets of energy. The patient imagines the beam hitting the tumor cells and causing them to shrink. For another cancer patient, Dr. Simonton asks him to imagine the medicine going from the stomach into the bloodstream and to the cancer cells. The patient imagines that the medicine is like an army fighting the diseased cells and sees the cancer cells gradually dying and his blood carry away the dead cells. Both the medical therapy and the patient's positive attitude fight the disease. Doctors are not certain why this mental therapy works. However, this use of psychology does help some patients because their attitudes about themselves change. They become more confident because they use the power within their own minds to help stop the disease. Another application of using the mind to help cure disease is the use of suggestion therapy. At first, the doctor helps the patient to concentrate deeply. The patient thinks only about one thing. He becomes so unaware of other things around him that he is asleep, or rather in a trance . Then the physician makes "a suggestion" to the patient about the medical problem. The patient's mind responds to the suggestion even after the patient is no longer in the trance. In this way, the patient uses his mind to help his body respond to treatment. Doctors have learned that this use of psychology is helpful for both adults and children. For example, physicians have used suggestion to help adults deal with the strong pain of some disease. Furthermore, sometimes the adult patient worries about her illness so much that the anxiety keeps her from getting well. The right suggestions may help the patient to stop being anxious. Such treatment may help the patient with a chronic diseases. Asthma is an example of a chronic disorder. Asthma is a disease that causes the patient to have difficulty in breathing. The patient starts to cough and sometimes has to fight to get the air that he or she needs. Psychology can help relieve the symptoms of this disorder. After suggestion therapy, the asthma patient breathes more easily. Physicians have learned that the psychological method is very useful in treating children. Children respond quickly to the treatment because they are fascinated by it. For example, Dr. Basil R. Collison has worked with 121 asthmatic children in Sydney, Australia, and had good results. Twenty-five of the children had Excellent results. They were able to breathe more easily, and they did not need medication. Another forty-three were also helped. The symptoms of the asthma occurred less frequently, and when they did, they were not as strong. Most of the children also felt better about themselves. Doctors have also used suggestion to change habits like nail-biting, thumb-sucking, and sleep-related problems. Many professional medical groups have accepted the medical use of psychology and that psychology has important applications in medicine. What can we learn from the studies of Carl Simonton, M. D.? | [
"The medical treatment can cure the patient's mental disease.",
"The treatment of a patient by treating the body and the mind is necessary.",
"The mental treatment is more important than medical treatment.",
"Few patients have emotional response to the disease."
] | B. The treatment of a patient by treating the body and the mind is necessary. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_25153 | It's been seven days since a 7. 0-magnitude strong earthquake hit Ya'an, in Sichuan Province. How the earthquake has affected one of Sichuan Province's special residents--pandas. How are the animals coping? And do they have enough food to eat? There are more than 80 pandas living here at the Chengdu Panda Breeding Base. 7 baby pandas have just left their mothers and have begun to learn how to fend for themselves. The quake was felt strongly in Chengdu. Fortunately, all of the pandas here were out on the grounds when the earthquake hit, so they were very safe. Although no deaths or injuries have been reported among the Baoxing panda population so far, they've been badly frightened by the earthquake. Several days has passed and the earthquake seems to have made no discernible negative impact on the pandas. These two baby pandas Chengshuang and Chengdui are play fighting with each other and climbing trees. When they climbed too high, the breeders have to rescue them from the trees. The visitors are amused by the scenes and think it's like a fantastic acrobatics show. The quake zone is not only the home of these pandas, it's also the source of their food. Fortunately, enough bamboo has been stored away in five bamboo storehouses for the pandas, so there are no worries with regard to food supplies. Wu Kongju, Breeder, Chengdu Panda Breeding Base, said, "When the Wenchuan earthquake happened in 2008, we were unprepared and had a shortage of bamboo. But we've been able to handle this earthquake event more smoothly. There are no problems with the food supply. "Apart from the pandas' favorite Baijia Bamboo, breeders also give them bamboo shoots, which are very rich in nutrients. Wu Kongju said, "Bamboo shoots contain more protein than ordinary bamboo, and they're also very succulent because they contain more water. " The passage mainly tells us that . | [
"a 7. 0-magnitude strong earthquake hit Ya'an",
"food supply to pandas is enough",
"impact of Ya'an earthquake on China's pandas",
"two baby pandas Chengshuang and Chengdui are in good condition"
] | C. impact of Ya'an earthquake on China's pandas | mmlu_train |
arc_easy_2086 | Which situation would most likely cause an object to travel in a circular motion? | [
"one force acting on the object in the opposite direction of the motion",
"two forces acting on the object in the same direction as the motion",
"one force acting on the object perpendicular to the direction of the motion",
"two forces acting on the object in different directions to the motion"
] | C. one force acting on the object perpendicular to the direction of the motion | arc_easy |
aquarat_17676 | An auction house charges a commission of 17% on the first $50,000 of the sale price of an item, plus 10% on the amount of of the sale price in excess of $50,000. What was the price of a painting for which the house charged a total commission of $24,000? | [
"$115,000",
"$160,000",
"$205,000",
"$240,000",
"$365,000"
] | C. $205,000 | aquarat |
aquarat_25000 | A, B and C play a cricket match. The ratio of the runs scored by them in the match is A:B = 4:3 and B:C = 4:5. If the total runs scored by all of them are 75, the runs scored by B are? | [
"20.23",
"20.13",
"30.93",
"20.93",
"10.93"
] | D. 20.93 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_80188 | People have talked about whether aliens are real or not for thousands of years.Some ancient drawings over 50,000 years ago are thought to be the first pictures of spacecrafts.Alien spacecrafts are often called flying saucers .The first person to use this name was an Amerlean,Kenneth Arnold.On 24th June,1947,he was flying a small plane in Washington State in the USA when he saw something strange."I was looking out of the window,"Arnold said,"when I saw nine saucer-like things in front of me." Two other Americans,Charles Hickson and Calvin Parker,said that aliens took them into a flying saucer! They were fishing on the Mississippi River in the USA on the night of 11th October,l973.It was a dark night.The two men were sitting in their fishing boat when they saw a bright light.It was hanging in the air over the water and it looked like a flying saucer and brought Hickson and Parker into their spacecraft.In the spacecraft the aliens looked at the two men very carefully and then took them back to their boat."The aliens were in a pale colour and had very small eyes." Hiekson said."But they didn't hurt us." In l983,Pioneer 10,an American spacecraft,went into space.On the outside of the spacecraft are 13 pictures of men and women,and a map of space.If aliens find Pioneer 10,they will know how to get to the Earth! The first person to use the name"flying saucers" was _ . | [
"traveling in a spacecraft",
"going to America",
"looking out of his house window",
"an American"
] | D. an American | mmlu_train |
aquarat_11684 | If the sum of two positive integers is 18 and the difference of their squares is 36, what is the product of the two integers? | [
"108",
"80",
"128",
"135",
"143"
] | B. 80 | aquarat |
aquarat_37527 | In a 500 m race,the ratio of the speeds of two contestants A and B is 3 : 4. A has a start of 140 m.Then,A wins by | [
"60 m",
"40 m",
"20 m",
"10 m",
"50 m"
] | C. 20 m | aquarat |
arc_easy_51 | Which color shirt will reflect the most light on a hot, sunny day? | [
"black",
"blue",
"red",
"white"
] | D. white | arc_easy |
mmlu_train_27994 | The Beijing International Marathon has acquired a new name among some disappointed participants: Smogathon. About 30,000 runners, many from other parts of China or abroad, awoke in the Chinese capital on Sunday to an orange sun glowing weakly through a dirty haze . _ . But no one cancelled on the advice of the organizers, the Chinese Athletic Association and the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Sports, because those organizations did not call it off. That has made participants call the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF), which has approved the 26-mile, or 42-kilometer race, to set air quality standards in the future to avoid damaging the runners' health. The association could not be reached by telephone on Sunday. "Does the IAAF have guidelines?" asked Chas Pope, a British engineer who took part in the marathon on Sunday. "If they don't, they should consider it," said Mr. Pope, who has lived in Beijing for 11 years and runs several long-distance races each year. "It's meant to be fun and good for your health," Mr. Pope said of the marathon. "But in such air, it's just ridiculous to be running," he said. He abandoned the course. "Most of my overseas friends pulled out," he said. "And quite a few of my Chinese friends too, but a lot didn't. I think they don't know as much about the health impact." Images on Twitter and Chinese social media showed Chinese runners wearing a variety of face protections, from light cloth masks to World War I-style gas masks. Still many completed the race without masks. "Today's race should definitely have been called off or rescheduled," said Zhang Kai, Beijing-based campaigner with Greenpeace East Asia. "What happened today to this sports even is just another reminder to the government that much remains to be done to China's energy and industrial structure to solve pollution," said Mr. Zhang. "If the battle against pollution is a marathon, it is now time to catch up on speed." In the end, the race was won by two Ethiopians: Girmay Birhanu Gebru won the men's race in 2 hours, 10 minutes and 42 seconds while Fatuma Sado Dergo won the women's in 2 hours, 30 minutes and 3 seconds, breaking Chinese women's advantage of the race for the last 22 years. The favored Chinese woman runner, Gong Lihua, told China News Net that the smog didn't affect her too much but it interfered with many people's ability to sweat, affecting their performance. Why did participants call the IAAF? | [
"To tell it the Beijing International Marathon was also named Smogathon.",
"To appeal to it to set air quality standards in the future.",
"To tell it the 42-kilometer race should be cancelled.",
"To appeal to it to make some laws to prevent pollution."
] | B. To appeal to it to set air quality standards in the future. | mmlu_train |
arc_easy_906 | Single-celled organisms can reproduce and create cells exactly like themselves without combining genes from two different parent cells. When they do this, they use a type of | [
"asexual reproduction.",
"gamete formation.",
"natural selection.",
"sexual reproduction."
] | A. asexual reproduction. | arc_easy |
arc_easy_293 | John has diabetes. Which of the following should he be careful about eating or drinking? | [
"beef",
"eggs",
"milk",
"fruit juice"
] | D. fruit juice | arc_easy |
mmlu_train_35426 | An endangered deer with vampire-like fangs was spotted for the first time in nearly 60 years, in a remote forest in northeastern Afghanistan. The fanged creature is known as the Kashmir musk deer, and it is native to the Himalayas of northern India, Pakistan's Kashmir region and northern Afghanistan. Only the male deer have fangs, and they use them during mating season to compete for females. A team of researchers scoured Afghanistan's Nuristan province during 2008 and 2009, and recorded five sightings of the animal. This was the first time the species had been spotted since 1948. During the survey, the researchers spotted a single male Kashmir musk deer near the same area three separate times. The researchers also recorded one female and her baby, and saw a second single female that they think may have been the same deer, without her baby. These musk deer are classified as an endangered species on the International Union for Conservation of Nature's Red List. Musk-deer meat is a local delicacy, but the species is mostly hunted for its scent glands that are more valuable by weight than gold -- some believe the glands have pharmaceutical properties, and they sell for nearly $20,455 per pound ($45,000 per kilogram) on the black market, according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Three decades of war have ravaged Nuristan province, and the continued violence and political instability make the black-market trade of scent glands uncontrollable. Furthermore, the species is quickly losing suitable habitat. All of the musk deer were spotted on sheltered rocky outcrops around 9,843 feet (3,000 meters) high. In the summer, they regularly trek along steep slopes that make them almost impossible to approach and keep them ly safe from hunters. However, heavy snowfall in the winter drives the species farther down, to more human-accessible slopes, and hunters come from all over the country to stalk the deer for their valuable scent glands. Due to violence and unrest, nongovernmental organizations like the Wildlife Conservation Society have not been able to operate in the Nuristan province since 2010. The WCS maintains contact with locals they have trained to survey and search for the musk deer. Once the situation in Nuristan improves, the WCS intends to return to the area to continue research and to formulate a conservation plan. Which factor does not contribute to the uncontrollable trade in the black market? | [
"Government control.",
"Continued violence.",
"Political instability.",
"Years of war."
] | A. Government control. | mmlu_train |
aquarat_39414 | An outlet pipe can empty 2/3 rd of a cistern in 12 minutes. In 8 minutes, what part of the cistern will be emptied? | [
"4/9",
"4/5",
"4/1",
"4/2",
"4/3"
] | A. 4/9 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_4329 | Which types of objects are most easily seen by the human eye? | [
"objects that reflect most of the light that strikes them",
"objects that refract most of the light that strikes them",
"objects that diffract most of the light that strikes them",
"objects that absorb most of the light that strikes them"
] | A. objects that reflect most of the light that strikes them | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_31495 | Rats that eat high levels of a natural sugar known as fructose seem to age faster than other rats.and the same could be true for people who eat too much sweet junk food,Israeli researchers said Monday. Fructose,found naturally in honey and fruit,is used widely in foods ranging from soft drinks to yogurt.But while its sweet taste is popular,the sugar could cause wrinkles,the researchers said.Dr.Moshe Werman and Boaz Levi of the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology fed large amounts of fructose to laboratory rats.Writing in the Journal of Nutrition,they said the fructose-fed rats showed changes in the collagen of their skin and bones.Collagen basically holds the body together.The loss of collagen is what causes loose skin and deep wrinkles in older people. The process affected,Werman's team said,is known as"cross-linking "."Too much cross.1inking makes the skin stiff, and these are the conditions that encourage wrink1ed skin,"Werman said in a statement.He said the same could be true of people,although this has not been shown."Americans are eating more and more processed foods such as baked goods,canned fruits,jams is and dairy products that contain fructose,"Werman said.Other studies have shown that taking in high fructose may cause diabetes . The rats Werman worked with were fed much more than the average adult person might eat in a day,which is standard in such experiments.The rats were fed 12.5 grams of fructose per kg of weight everyday for a year. What can we learn from the passage? | [
"The fructose-fed rats only showed changes in the collagen of their skin.",
"Too much cross-linking makes the skin soft.",
"The amount of sugar the rats ate was larger than an ordinary adult might eat in a day.",
"It hasn't been shown that taking in high fructose may cause diabetes."
] | C. The amount of sugar the rats ate was larger than an ordinary adult might eat in a day. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_99076 | if a person looked a their head in a mirror, and moved toward it, what would happen? | [
"the head would start to grow",
"the head would explode",
"the head would start to shrink",
"the head would disappear"
] | A. the head would start to grow | mmlu_train |
aquarat_53275 | A father tells his son, "I was of your present age when you were born." If the father is 36 now, how old was the boy 5 years back? | [
"15 years",
"13 years",
"17 years",
"20 years",
"None of the above"
] | B. 13 years | aquarat |
mmlu_train_94338 | A generator converts mechanical energy to electrical energy by using a conducting metal loop turning in a | [
"magnetic field.",
"gravitational field.",
"steel sphere.",
"copper sphere."
] | A. magnetic field. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_31361 | Anyone who has worn a cast knows that rebuilding muscle strength once the cast is removed can be difficult. Now researchers at the Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute (OMNI) at Ohio University have found that the mind is _ in maintaining muscle strength following a long period of not moving and that mental imagination may be key in reducing the associated muscle loss. Strength is controlled by a number of factors----the most studied by far is skeletal muscle. However, the nervous system is also an important, though not fully understood, determining factor of strength and weakness. Brian C. Clark and colleagues set out to test how the system functions in strength development. They designed an experiment to measure changes in wrist muscle strength in three groups of healthy adults. Twenty-nine subjects wore a hard cast that extended from just below the elbow past the fingers, effectively preventing the hand and wrist from moving, for four weeks. Fifteen subjects who did not wear casts served as the control group. Of the 29 people wearing a hard cast, half were asked to regularly perform an exercise, imagining they were strongly contracting their wrist for five seconds and then resting for five seconds. This was repeated four times in a row followed by a one-minute break for a total of 13 rounds per session and five sessions per week. The other half performed no imagination exercises. At the end of the four-week experiment, both groups who wore casts had lost strength in their unmoving limbs when compared to the control group. But the group that performed imagination exercises lost 50% less strength than the non-imagination group. The nervous system's ability to fully make the muscle recover also returned more quickly in the imagination group compared to the non-imagination group. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage? | [
"Scientists have partly understood the nervous system.",
"Whoever has worn a cast for long may have difficulty in muscle recovery.",
"Scientists have already spent a lot of time in studying skeletal muscle.",
"The number of the subjects in the experiment was 29 in all."
] | D. The number of the subjects in the experiment was 29 in all. | mmlu_train |
aquarat_5836 | A motorcyclist goes from Bombay to Nagpur, a distance of 600 kms at an average of 120 kmph speed. Another man starts from Bombay by car 1 ½ hours after the first, and reaches Nagpur ½ hour earlier. What is the ratio of the speed of the motorcycle and the car? | [
"1:2",
"1:7",
"1:9",
"3:5",
"1:1"
] | D. 3:5 | aquarat |
arc_challenge_906 | Over time, the ability to ship foods around the world has improved. Which is the most likely effect these shipping improvements have had on people? | [
"They have increased the time it takes to shop for food.",
"They have decreased the number of grocery stores.",
"They have decreased the need for refrigerators.",
"They have increased the types of food available for sale."
] | D. They have increased the types of food available for sale. | arc_challenge |
mmlu_train_38541 | As we know, Human beings each have unique brains. The brain is of the greatest importance to the body. It is the boss of the body.Your eyes,ears,nose,and skin tell your brain what is going on around you.Other parts of your body tell your brain what is going on inside of you.Your brain takes in the signals.It tells your body what to do with them.When you touch fire,your skin tells your brain that your finger is too hot.Your brain tells you to move your finger.All these happen very fast.Your brain also controls your breathing,blinking,and heartbeat.It controls your feelings and thoughts too. Humans have the most developed brain of all animals.Yet it is not the largest brain.The human brain weighs three pounds.The brain of an elephant weighs 11 pounds.So the largest brain is not always the best brain.In people,a larger brain does not mean a clever person. What happens after the brain takes in the signals from the body? | [
"The brain grows faster and larger.",
"The brain tells the body what to do.",
"The body becomes more developed.",
"We don't know."
] | B. The brain tells the body what to do. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_68647 | My family makes the best chicken salad.Dad prepares all of the ingredients and Mom makes the relish.There are a few things that make this chicken salad different from the other chicken salads.First,we use fruit jam in the relish.You can buy any fruit jam,like banana jam or orange jam.But we have bottles of strawberry jam that my mother made,so we use the strawberry jam.Second,we put some green olives .Green olives give the salad an interesting taste and make a big difference.Now let me tell you how my family makes the salad. First,mix up all of the salad ingredients in a large bowl.The ingredients are chicken,tomatoes,green olives,onions and apples.If you like lettuce,you can also put some.Next,make the relish.Please mix the jam,the juice and the salt.Finally,mix the relish with the salad ingredients. Do you have a favorite chicken salad recipe?Please tell us about it.You can write to greensalad@yahoo.com. Who make(s)the chicken salad at home? | [
"The writer.",
"The writer's mother",
"The writer's father.",
"The writer's parents."
] | B. The writer's mother | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_68222 | Welcome to our food shop. All kinds of food are on sale! Do you need vegetables? We have many kinds of vegetables. They are not dear. Do you like milk? We have good milk, like Guangming, Mengniu and Yili, for just two yuan a bottle. Do you like chicken? Chicken is for just twelve yuan a kilo. Beef is for just eighteen yuan a kilo. Fish is for eight yuan a kilo. Come with your family and friends! ,. A kilo of chicken is _ yuan. | [
"2",
"12",
"20",
"24"
] | B. 12 | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_78475 | People have different ways of greeting each other. They might shake hands , kiss or hug . But do you ever wonder how dogs say hello? If you are a dog lover, you already know the answer to this question. When you arrive home, your dog jumps up into your lap . It wags its tail, and sometimes gives you wet kisses. Like humans, dogs have five senses : smell, touch, sight, hearing and taste. Humans use sight as the main sense for recognizing one another. But dogs have poor eyesight. They use smell to recognize others. A dog's sense of smell is much better than a human's. It is through its sense of smell that tells the differences between different people. Dogs use smell to recognize other dogs, too. They tell the differences by the smell of pee and pooh . When two dogs meet, they smell each other's noses. Then they go side to side, and smell each other's butts . By smelling its friend's behind, a dog knows who it is with. That is also why dogs smell everything they can on the road. By smelling grass, trees and signposts , dogs know which other neighborhood dogs have been around. What is the best title of the passage? | [
"Humans and dogs.",
"My favorite animal.",
"How do dogs say hello?",
"Cute dogs."
] | C. How do dogs say hello? | mmlu_train |
aquarat_27757 | A crew can row a certain course up the stream in 84 minutes; they can row the same course down stream in 9 minutes less than they can row it in still water. How long would they take to row down with the stream | [
"45 or 23 minutes",
"63 or 12 minutes",
"60 minutes",
"19 minutes",
"25 minutes"
] | B. 63 or 12 minutes | aquarat |
arc_challenge_378 | When gasoline in a car engine is burned, only about 15 percent of the gasoline is converted into mechanical energy. This is because most of the energy in the gasoline is | [
"transformed into heat.",
"stored for use at a later time.",
"changed into chemical energy.",
"used to make the vehicle move."
] | A. transformed into heat. | arc_challenge |
aquarat_10946 | Rajesh can finish 1/3 of his home work in one hour. Seema can finish 3/7 of
her homework in 65 minutes and Ramya can finish 3/4 of her homework in
three and a half hours. If all of them start their home work at 12.00 PM and can
go to play as soon as they all finish their homework. When can they start to
play, if they take a break at 3.00 PM for 35 minutes? | [
"4:30pm",
"5:15pm",
"6:30pm",
"5:10pm",
"3:45pm"
] | B. 5:15pm | aquarat |
m1_pref_50 | In User-Based Collaborative Filtering, which of the following is correct, assuming that all the ratings are positive? | [
"Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Cosine Similarity have different value range, but return the same similarity ranking for the users",
"If the ratings of two users have both variance equal to 0, then their Cosine Similarity is maximized",
"Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Cosine Similarity have the same v... | B. If the ratings of two users have both variance equal to 0, then their Cosine Similarity is maximized | m1_pref |
mmlu_train_23260 | For all dinner tables, a glass of milk seems to be a must. At least it was when I was growing up. It is widely believed that milk is a must in building strong bones and teeth. There's no doubt that dairy products, especially milk, are high in protein and calcium, and Vitamin D and Vitamin A are added to most milk products. While it's well known that our bones need calcium, some studies suggest that high calcium intake doesn't necessarily lower a person's risk for fractures . A Harvard study found that people who drank two or more glasses of milk had no greater protection from breaking a bone than those who drank a glass or less a week. There is no doubt that we need calcium. Some anti-dairy supporters claim dairy products can lead to heart disease. Much of this claim is based on high-fat dairy products, like cheese and cream, which may indeed lead to some health problems. Some studies have linked high milk intakes with a risk of prostate cancer; this seems also to be caused by high-fat dairy products, but not by dairy products in general. Although milk has always been regarded as the most important thing we need for our bones, one of the most important things in strengthening bones and reducing the risk of osteoporosis is weight-bearing exercise, such as jogging, walking, and weight lifting. Perhaps we should think of dairy products as less like a nutrient and more like a food. If you like it, eat it. If not, find something else to eat. Some claims may not be completely true. When I eat cream, I'm not thinking about calcium, protein, or any such thing. I'm thinking it is delicious. What is the best title for this passage? | [
"Milk: is it really necessary for children?",
"The disadvantages of drinking milk.",
"Milk causes health problems.",
"Milk: is it really good for the body?"
] | D. Milk: is it really good for the body? | mmlu_train |
m1_pref_199 | Let us assume that a kernel $K: \mathcal{X} \times \mathcal{X} \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ is said to be valid if there exists $k \in \mathbb{N}$ and $\Phi: \mathcal{X} \rightarrow \mathbb{R}^{k}$ such that for all $\left(x, x^{\prime}\right) \in \mathcal{X} \times \mathcal{X}, K\left(x, x^{\prime}\right)=\Phi(x)^{\top} \Phi\left(x^{\prime}\right)$ Which one of the following kernels is not valid ? | [
"$\\mathcal{X}=\\mathbb{N}, K\\left(x, x^{\\prime}\\right)=2$",
"$\\mathcal{X}=\\mathbb{R}^{d}, K\\left(x, x^{\\prime}\\right)=\\left(x^{\\top} x^{\\prime}\\right)^{2}$",
"$\\mathcal{X}=\\mathbb{R}, K\\left(x, x^{\\prime}\\right)=\\cos \\left(x-x^{\\prime}\\right)$",
"All of the proposed kernels are in fact v... | D. All of the proposed kernels are in fact valid. | m1_pref |
aquarat_52258 | If the length, breadth and the height of a cuboid are in the ratio 6:5:4 and if the total surface area is 33300 cm2cm2, then the length , breadth and height in cms, are respectively. | [
"90,85,60",
"85,75,60",
"90,75,70",
"90,75,60",
"none"
] | D. 90,75,60 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_23444 | The legal age for drinking alcohol in the Unite States is twenty-one. Underage drinking is a crime but also a common part of college social life. This week in our Foreign Student Series, we look at alcohol rules at American colleges and universities. These rules differ from school to school, but many schools have been moving to strengthen their rules. The United States has more than 17,000,000 students in higher education. Each year, 1700 of them die from alcohol-related road crashes and other injuries. 600,000 more are injured while under the influence of alcohol. And almost 700,000 are attacked by another drunken. One behavior that college officials are trying to prevent is too much drink. Some researchers have found that students who think binge drinking is normal often think extremely how much other students really drink. A person can die of alcohol poisoning. At Oklahoma University, a nineteen-year-old student died from drinking heavily at a party in 2005. Now alcohol is banned from all sorority houses and university housing. Student organizations can serve alcohol at events but only on Friday and Saturday nights. Other new requirements include an alcohol education program that first-year students take online. The rules govern behavior on campus and off. With a first violation ,students pay seventy-five dollars and their parents are told. They must also take an alcohol education class. For a second "strike", they have to pay one hundred fifty dollars. A third strike means that they have to be suspended school for at least one semester. Since 2005,363 students have had a first strike. 30 have had a second strike-and only one hasn't allowed to go to school for one semester. The president at Oklahoma tells us the aim is not just to punish but to change the behavior and culture at the university. Which of the following is TRUE? | [
"College students are not allowed to drink alcohol at any time.",
"If students take an alcohol program online, they can drink alcohol.",
"Students having a first strike only receive punishment of fine.",
"Students with a second strike pay twice as much as students with a first strike."
] | D. Students with a second strike pay twice as much as students with a first strike. | mmlu_train |
arc_easy_798 | A lab technician places a colony of bacterial cells in a nutrient-rich growth medium. Which event is the technician most likely to observe with a microscope? | [
"cell division",
"cellular respiration",
"heat production",
"food storage"
] | A. cell division | arc_easy |
arc_easy_125 | A solar cell turns sunlight into another form of energy. A solar cell is most like what natural structure? | [
"an elephant's ears",
"a plant's leaves",
"a deer's hooves",
"a tree's roots"
] | B. a plant's leaves | arc_easy |
mmlu_train_76426 | Weather has a strong effect on people. It influences health, intelligence and feelings. In August, it is very hot and wet in the southern part of the United States. People there easily have heart trouble and other kinds of health problems during this month. In the Northeast and the Middle West, it is hot at some times and very cold at other times. People in those states will have heart trouble after the weather changes in February or March. The weather can also influence intelligence. For example, in a 1983 study by scientists, the IQ scores of some college students were very high during storm, but after the storm, their scores were low. Storms can increase intelligence. Very hot weather, on the other hand, can decrease it. Students in many schools of the United States often do badly in exams in the hot months of the year(July and August). Weather also has a strong effect on people's feeling. Winter may be a bad time for thin people. They usually feel cold during these months. They might feel depressed during cold weather. In hot summer weather, on the other hand, fat people may feel unhappy. At about 65F, people become stronger. Low air pressure makes people feel free, but it also increases forgetful- ness. People leave more bags and umbrellas on buses and in stores on low pressure days. There is a"perfect weather"for work and health. People feel best at a tempera- ture of about 64F with 65 percent humidity . Are you feeling sick, sad, tired, forgetful, or very intelligent today? The weather may be the reason. Intelligence may be lower _ . | [
"during a storm",
"when it is sunny",
"on a very hot day",
"when you take in an exam"
] | C. on a very hot day | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_99404 | There is more friction the more rough a surface being touched has, so the most friction would be found in | [
"river stones smashing",
"hands clapping",
"mirrors pressing together",
"stone falling"
] | A. river stones smashing | mmlu_train |
arc_easy_1349 | DNA molecules contain the genetic information that determines the characteristics of a living organism. How do DNA molecules express the genetic information they contain? | [
"by breaking down proteins within the cell",
"by directing the process of protein synthesis",
"by regulating the storage of cellular proteins",
"by controlling the movement of protein molecules"
] | B. by directing the process of protein synthesis | arc_easy |
aquarat_23084 | Two numbers are less than third number by 30% and 37% respectively. How much percent is the second number less than by the first | [
"8%",
"9%",
"10%",
"11%",
"12%"
] | C. 10% | aquarat |
mmlu_train_23263 | For all dinner tables, a glass of milk seems to be a must. At least it was when I was growing up. It is widely believed that milk is a must in building strong bones and teeth. There's no doubt that dairy products, especially milk, are high in protein and calcium, and Vitamin D and Vitamin A are added to most milk products. While it's well known that our bones need calcium, some studies suggest that high calcium intake doesn't necessarily lower a person's risk for fractures . A Harvard study found that people who drank two or more glasses of milk had no greater protection from breaking a bone than those who drank a glass or less a week. There is no doubt that we need calcium. Some anti-dairy supporters claim dairy products can lead to heart disease. Much of this claim is based on high-fat dairy products, like cheese and cream, which may indeed lead to some health problems. Some studies have linked high milk intakes with a risk of prostate cancer; this seems also to be caused by high-fat dairy products, but not by dairy products in general. Although milk has always been regarded as the most important thing we need for our bones, one of the most important things in strengthening bones and reducing the risk of osteoporosis is weight-bearing exercise, such as jogging, walking, and weight lifting. Perhaps we should think of dairy products as less like a nutrient and more like a food. If you like it, eat it. If not, find something else to eat. Some claims may not be completely true. When I eat cream, I'm not thinking about calcium, protein, or any such thing. I'm thinking it is delicious. What can we learn from the passage? | [
"Some dairy products may harm our health.",
"Milk has the highest level of protein of any food.",
"The writer seldom drank milk when he was young",
"People who drink milk every day are at a high risk of getting a heart disease."
] | A. Some dairy products may harm our health. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_1566 | Which process must occur for clouds to form? | [
"erosion",
"conduction",
"condensation",
"precipitation"
] | C. condensation | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_97175 | A person drops a bean in the dirt, and kicks some dirt over it. If the person goes to dig up that bean a month later, it is likely to have | [
"shrunk",
"sprouted",
"burned",
"flown"
] | B. sprouted | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_22700 | Everyone has those nights-you lie in your bed for hours, tossing and turning, totally unable to fall asleep. You wish you could just turn your brain off as if it were a light. That would make things much easier, wouldn't it? Now it looks like you are one step closer to this wild dream of yours-scientists from Oxford University, UK have just discovered the "switch" that tells the brain to go to sleep, reported Forbes. To understand the study, you first need to know that there are two mechanisms that regulate sleep. There's one that we're already familiar with --our body clock, which works in a 24-hour cycle based on the light changes throughout the day. The other one is what scientists call the sleep "homeostat ". This mechanism has nothing to do with daylight. Instead, it keeps track of the brain's waking hours and urges it to rest if it has been awake for a long time. "It is similar to the thermostat in your home. A thermostat measures temperature and switches on the heating if it's too cold," Professor Gero Miesenbock, who led the study, told The Telegraph. Our bodies use both of the mechanisms to regulate sleep. "The body clock says it's the right time, and the sleep thermostat has built up pressure during a long waking day," explained Miesenbock. There is no way that scientists can trick the body clock. But with the sleep homeostat, there might be something they can do. The researchers found that the sleep homeostat works by activating a specific group of nerve cells, or neurons, in the brain. They tested their theory on fruit flies by removing the neurons from the insects' brains. And as expected, they found that the flies without the homeostat neurons did not keep a regular sleep pattern anymore. Now that scientists have pinpointed the exact place in the brain-- or, the "switch"--that regulates sleep, they can begin investigating how to activate these cells at any given time so that people can be sent to sleep instantly. More importantly, figuring out how sleep mechanisms work may also help us to one day one of the oldest mysteries of all: why do we need to sleep in the first place? What can we conclude from the article? | [
"Generally, the sleep homeostat has less effect on people during the day than at night.",
"There is little scientists can do to affect the way the sleep homeostat works.",
"What makes us go to sleep at night is probably a combination of the two mechanisms.",
"The more homeostat neurons there are in one's brai... | C. What makes us go to sleep at night is probably a combination of the two mechanisms. | mmlu_train |
aquarat_47102 | Four faces of a fair die are Yellow, three faces red and one blue.The die is tossed three
times. The probability that the colours, yellow, red and blue appear in the first, second and
third tosses respectively is | [
"1/36",
"1/18",
"1/32",
"1/37",
"None of these"
] | B. 1/18 | aquarat |
aquarat_37560 | How much water should be added to 11 liters of a 20%-solution of alcohol to reduce the concentration of alcohol in the solution by 75% ? | [
"25 liters",
"29 liters",
"30 liters",
"32 liters",
"35 liters"
] | B. 29 liters | aquarat |
mmlu_train_93669 | Which of the following describes how a microwave oven heats food? | [
"The oven's interior reflects heat onto the food.",
"The oven's interior, like a lens, focuses heat onto the food.",
"Water molecules in the food reflect energy from microwave radiation.",
"Water molecules in the food absorb the energy of microwave radiation."
] | D. Water molecules in the food absorb the energy of microwave radiation. | mmlu_train |
arc_challenge_200 | An increase in phosphate levels in a lake increases the population of algae in the lake. Increased algae blocks sunlight into the lake and results in a decrease in dissolved oxygen in the lake's water. Which of the following should be expected as a result? | [
"Plant populations in the lake increase.",
"More predatory birds feed on lake animals.",
"Phosphate levels in the lake decrease.",
"Fish populations in the lake decline."
] | D. Fish populations in the lake decline. | arc_challenge |
arc_easy_349 | Which best describes the function of the small intestine? | [
"oxygenation of tissue",
"excretion of toxic wastes",
"transportation of blood cells",
"digestion and absorption of food"
] | D. digestion and absorption of food | arc_easy |
mmlu_train_93685 | Which of these is unique to the process of scientific investigation? | [
"observing an event as it occurs",
"discussing results with other experts",
"publishing the results on a webpage",
"collecting data in an experiment"
] | D. collecting data in an experiment | mmlu_train |
aquarat_14006 | In how many ways can you seat 4 people on a bench if one of them, Rohit, does not want to sit on the middle seat or at either end? | [
"720",
"6",
"2880",
"5040",
"10080"
] | B. 6 | aquarat |
aquarat_434 | In a 500 m race, the ratio of the speeds of two contestants A and B is 3 : 4. A has a start of 140 m. Then, A wins by: | [
"10 m",
"20 m",
"30 m",
"40 m",
"45 m"
] | B. 20 m | aquarat |
arc_easy_430 | During its lifetime, which object is known to change in brightness, color, and temperature? | [
"star",
"moon",
"asteroid",
"planet"
] | A. star | arc_easy |
mmlu_train_94892 | an inherited characteristic found on all mammals is | [
"nails",
"teeth",
"shoes",
"fur"
] | D. fur | mmlu_train |
aquarat_36741 | If 4 people are selected from a group of 9 married couples, what is the probability that none of them would be married to each other? | [
"1/33",
"2/85",
"1/3",
"56/85",
"11/85"
] | D. 56/85 | aquarat |
aquarat_31728 | Can you find the missing number in the sequence given below?
10 17 24 11 18 ? 12 19 26 13 20 27 | [
"25",
"23",
"20",
"18",
"19"
] | A. 25 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_65565 | Three years ago, five parrots were set free in a wild place of Arizona, thousands of miles from the Channel Islands in Jersey where they had been looked after by zookeepers. No evolutionary strategies informed them how to behave in this new landscape of mountainous pine forest unoccupied by their kind for 50 years. To the researchers' surprise, they failed to make contact with a group of wild parrots imported from Mexico and set free at the same time. Within 24 hours the reintroducing ended in failure, and the poor birds were back in cages, on their way to the safety of the Arizona reintroduction programme. Ever since then, the programme has enjoyed great success, mainly because the birds now being set free are Mexican birds illegally caught in the wild, confiscated on arrival north of the border, and raised by their parents in the safety of the programme. The experience shows how little we know about the behaviour and psychology of parrots, as Peter Bennett, a bird researcher, points out: "Reintroducing species of high intelligence like parrots is a lot more difficult. People like parrots, always treating them as nothing more than pets or valuable 'collectables'." Now that many species of parrot are in immediate danger of dying out, biologists are working together to study the natural history and the behaviour of this family of birds. Last year was an important turning point: conservationists founded the World Parrot Trust, based at Hayle in Cornwall, to support research into both wild and caged birds. Research on parrots is vital for two reasons. First, as the Arizona programme showed, when reintroducing parrots to the wild, we need to be aware of what the birds must know if they are to survive in their natural home. We also need to learn more about the needs of parrots kept as pets, particularly as the Trust's campaign does not attempt to discourage the practice, but rather urges people who buy parrots as pets to choose birds raised by humans. Why are researches on parrots important according to the passage? | [
"The Trust shows great concern for the programme.",
"We need to know more about how to preserve parrots.",
"Many people are interested in collecting parrots.",
"Parrots' intelligence may some day benefit people."
] | B. We need to know more about how to preserve parrots. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_85660 | Dear Grandma, How are you? I hope you are feeling well and your leg is improving. Can you walk a bit now? Is your neighbour, Mrs Lu, bringing you enough books to read? I hope so. You'd love our school library, Grandma. There are so many books on all kinds of subjects. The other day I found a book about engineering. I couldn't really understand it but I hope to learn more about this topic sometime. This term I have three new subject classes, so I think I'll tell you about them. I study biology. It is a very interesting subject. I'm learning all about the human body, where everything is and what it does. Did you know that we have a kissing muscle? It's called 'orbicularis' and it's a circle muscle that closes your mouth and moves your lips forward. I love biology. It's so interesting! Another new subject is religion . I didn't think I would like this one, but actually it is very interesting to hear how different people worship . We are learning about lots of religions from all over the world, not only Asia. My other new subject is Spanish. It's really difficult to learn a new language but I know it will be useful for me in the future, if I want to travel around the world. Spanish is one of the official languages of the European Union and the United Nations. I've learnt that Spanish is not only spoken in Europe but in South America too. Countries like Peru, Bolivia, Chile, and Mexico also speak Spanish. You know I've always wanted to go to Mexico, so if I can speak Spanish it would be really useful. Did you study these subjects when you were at school? I suppose subject choice changes over time, doesn't it? I'll come to visit you again in the next holiday, which I think is in eight weeks' time. I'll bring you some of my new books if you like. I hope you can write back soon and tell me all the village news. I miss you very much. Lots of love, Sara The writer has learnt a lot except _ since she began to study biology. | [
"the human body",
"a kissing muscle",
"orbicularis",
"circles"
] | D. circles | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_13724 | Pilling a cat can be a 'terrible" experience. Cats don't want something pushed down their throats, and they'll fight with all their strength to prevent it. In fact, it's amazing how powerful their small bodies can be. The easiest way of pilling a cat is to press the pill into powder. Then mix the powder with a small amount of wet food. If your cat usually eats dry food, she will probably view the wet food as a treat and eat it up. If your cat won't eat the wet food that contains the pill or if she is too ill to eat, you can get a "pill gun". There are some basic instructions. Getting your cat's mouth to open is going to be the most difficult part. First, be sure the pill is in a handy place. Then you can put your cat on a bookshelf with her bottom in a corner or you can put her on your lap firmly tied. Have your cat facing to the right if you're right-handed. With your left hand, hold your cat at the cheekbones, putting your palm at the top of her head. Keeping your finger off the trigger , with your right hand, Insert the pill gun until the pill is positioned over the tongue and open throat Be sure to give your cat a treat directly after giving the pill. If you don't feel comfortable using a pill gun, you can try giving the pill by hand. Push your cat's head backwards just far enough so that her nose is pointing towards the ceiling. At this point, most cats will slightly open their mouths. With the little finger or ring finger of the hand holding the pill, open the bottom jaw a little more. You may need to hold her top jaw with your other hand while doing this. Aim straight and lightly throw the pill or drop it. Most cats will then swallow the pill. Using a "pill gun", you had better hold your cat _ if you're left-handed. | [
"facing to the right",
"with your right hand",
"at the head",
"on your lap firmly"
] | B. with your right hand | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_14285 | The government of prefix = st1 /Norwayis planning to build an unusual storage center on an island in the Arctic Ocean. The place would be large enough to hold about two million seeds. The goal is to present all crops known to scientists. The British magazine New Scientist published details of the plan last month. The structure will be designed to protect the world's food supply against nuclear war, climate change and other possible threats. It will be built in a mountain on the NorwegianislandofSpitsbergen. The mountain is less than one thousand kilometers from the North Pole, the northernmost position on earth. An international group called the Global Crop Diversity Trust is working on the project. The director of the group, Cary Fowler, spoke to New Scientist. He said the project would let the world rebuild agriculture if, in his word, "the worst came to the worst". Norwayis expected to start work next year. The project is expected to cost three million dollars. Workers will drill deep in the side of a sandstone mountain. Temperatures in the area never rise above 0oC. The seeds will be protected behind concrete walls a meter thick and high-security door. The magazine report says the collection will represent the products of ten thousand years of farming. Most of the seeds at first will come from collections at seed banks in Africa, Asia and Latin America. To last a long time, seeds need to be kept in very low temperatures. Workers will not be present all the time. But they plan to replace the air inside the storage space each winter. Winter temperatures on the island are about eighteen degrees below 0oC. The cold weather would protect the seeds even if the air could not be replaced. Mr. Fowler says the proposed structure will be the world's most secure gene bank. He says the plant seeds would only be used when all other seeds are gone for some reason. Norwayfirst proposed the idea in the 1980s. But security concerns delayed the plan. At that time, the Soviet Union was meeting inRomeof the Food and Agriculture Organization. We can infer from the text that _ . | [
"People will get newly-developed seeds from the center every year",
"The storage center will greatly promote world agriculture",
"Norway had meant to build the storage centre about 20 years before",
"There haven't been any seed storage centres in the world before"
] | C. Norway had meant to build the storage centre about 20 years before | mmlu_train |
arc_easy_1867 | What structure surrounds the cell and regulates materials that enter and leave the cell? | [
"nucleus",
"chloroplast",
"mitochondrion",
"cell membrane"
] | D. cell membrane | arc_easy |
mmlu_train_70554 | My name is Bill. I'm an English boy. I'm in No.8 High School. Sam is my good friend. He is thirteen. I'm thirteen, too. But we are in different looks. Miss Zhang is my English teacher, and she's Sam' s English teacher, too. We don't know her age . But she looks young. Look at this photo. It is yellow and red. It is mine. ,. . (5,2,10) Bill is _ . | [
"eight",
"four",
"thirteen",
"fourteen"
] | C. thirteen | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_21531 | Children and teenagers who spend lots of time in front of screens---especially TVs---are easier to get more weight as they grow, according to a new study. The findings agree with the research suggesting all that inactive sitting and always watching advertisements may lead to poor eating habits. Researchers used results from a long-term study of children who took part in the surveys every two years. Children were between ages 9 and 16 when the study started. Out of 4,300 girls in the study, 17 percent were overweight or obese . Twenty-four percent of the 3,500 boys were also above a healthy weight. The surveys included questions about their height and weight as well as how much time they spent watching TV and DVDs and playing computer and video games. From one survey to the next, each one-hour increase in children's daily TV watching was in connection with an increase of about 0.1 points on a body mass index (BMI) , which measures weight in connection with height. There's an increase of about half a pound in weight per extra hour of TV. "The weight of the evidence is so strong that television watching is connected with unhealthy changes in weight among youth," says Jennifer Falbe, who led the study while at the Harvard School of Public Health in Boston. "It's important for parents to know that all the obesity-causing screens really should be limited in their children's lives." Falbe says. "When children watch TV, there are many food advertisements on TV that might lead them to eat a cookie or drink a soft drink." What's more, she says, "they can get into a hibernating state on the sofa, even if children are sitting down while playing a computer game." How many children took part in the study? | [
"4,300",
"3,500",
"7,800",
"9,800"
] | C. 7,800 | mmlu_train |
aquarat_9440 | The floor of a rectangular room is 19 m long and 12 m wide. The room is surrounded by a veranda of width 2 m on all its sides. The area of the veranda is : | [
"144 m2",
"140 m2",
"108 m2",
"158 m2",
"None of these"
] | B. 140 m2 | aquarat |
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