id stringlengths 9 18 | question stringlengths 4 4.81k | choices listlengths 2 13 | full_answer stringlengths 4 180 | dataset stringclasses 5
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|---|---|---|---|---|
mmlu_train_26278 | Since 1936, many female space explorers have followed Russian astronaut Valentina Tereshkova. Let's look at the missions of four important female astronauts to find out what astronauts do in space. In 1983, Sally Ride became the first American women in space. Her team carried out scientific experiments in space and put two communications satellites in space. Satellites make it possible for us to communicate instantly with each other across the world through TV, radio, and telephones. In 1984, Kathryn Sullivan became the first American women to walk in space. During her mission, she discovered important information about the sun's energy and how it affects the climate in very hot and very cold places on Earth. She also took photographs of Earth and measured air pollution. In 1992, Mae Jemison became the first African-American in space. During her mission, she did scientific experiments using the weightless atmosphere. In space, there is no gravity, so everything floats! Dr. Jemison's experiments gave important information about the human body to produce better medicines and healthcare. In 2012, Liu Yang became the first Chinese women in space. She did experiments in space medicine, which look at how astronauts can survive and stay healthy in space. The conditions in space are very hard on the body and space medicine helps astronauts work safely. Who collected important information about air pollution? | [
"Valentina Tereshkova.",
"Sally Ride.",
"Kathryn Sullivan.",
"Mae Jemison"
] | C. Kathryn Sullivan. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_1561 | In humans, the amount of sugar in blood is controlled by the release of a hormone called insulin. This process is an example of | [
"depletion",
"digestion",
"regulation",
"excretion"
] | C. regulation | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_67703 | In my country, daily meals usually start with breakfast. People usually have something to drink for breakfast, like tea with sugar and lemon, cold or warm milk or Coke. Many people have some bread, egg, hamburgers and so on. We must always remember that breakfast must be healthy and light. The noon is lunchtime, many people take their meals to schools or their workplaces, but some people like going to a restaurant or having fast food in McDonald's. I think that these meals are not healthy. We can have some rice with some vegetables or meat. More healthy fish and poultry slowly _ beef and pork. It's healthy to drink one glass of water, juice or tea after each meal. At six or seven in the evening, it's time for dinner. At this time, family members usually get together. We often have warm dishes. Sometimes we go out to restaurants. Where can we read this passage? | [
"In a magazine.",
"In a dictionary.",
"In an album.",
"In a storybook."
] | A. In a magazine. | mmlu_train |
arc_easy_677 | Scientists wonder how the Egyptian pyramids were built. They think that the huge blocks of stone may have been put into place by pushing them up a sloping pathway. The pathway is which type of simple machine? | [
"lever",
"pulley",
"inclined plane",
"wheel and axle"
] | C. inclined plane | arc_easy |
aquarat_50744 | It is well known that a triangle’s area is √(p(p-a)(p-b)(p-c)),
when p=(a+b+c)/2, such that a, b, c are the lengths of sides of the triangle. If the triangle has 300, 360, and 300 as the side’s lengths, what is the triangle’s area? | [
"43,200",
"36,200",
"38,200",
"42,200",
"34,200"
] | A. 43,200 | aquarat |
aquarat_13346 | $350 is divided among A, B, and C so that A receives half as much as B, and B receives half as much as C. How much money is C's share? | [
"$200",
"$225",
"$250",
"$275",
"$300"
] | C. $250 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_73592 | It was a great day for American girl D' Zhana Simmons when she got a new heart. However, her dream died when the new heart started not to work properly. The doctors had to take it away. She needed another heart transplant . But the doctors couldn't find a proper heart so soon. Then they came up with an idea -- they would use two machines to keep her blood _ in her body. After waiting for about four months, D' Zhana had another heart transplant. It was very successful. When doctors use a man-made heart to keep a patient's life, they usually leave the patient's own heart in the body. "She, we believe, is possibly one of the youngest that had the machines without her own heart," one of D' Zhana Simmons' doctors said. Living without a heart for 118 days -- that's great. When a heart transplant doesn't work, doctors have no time to waste. If they don't get a new heart or some machines to help the patient, he or she will die. The patient's life is in their hands. This story once again shows how important the medical world really can be. I hope that one day I will be a doctor. I hope I can be so quick and helpful to my patients. How long did D' Zhana Simmons live without a heart? | [
"About three weeks.",
"About four weeks.",
"About three months.",
"About four months."
] | D. About four months. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_29655 | Al Ossinger,an experienced mountain guide,knew it was time to leave Longs Peak in Colorado's Rocky Mountain National Park,and get off'quickly.The sky had turned threatening dark,and his ice ax at times gave out upset sounds.Suddenly,as Ossinger was crossing a large mass of rock,both hands pressed against it for balance,there was a roar,a flash of light and an electric current charged through his arms. "In that second. I thought 1 was finished,"he said,"Then I realized 1 was still there--the jolt hadn't knocked me off.My body and legs were all right,but my arms were paralyzed from the shoulder down.''Fortunately Ossinger was able to continue down and soon the feeling began to return to his shoulders,upper arms,and,two hours later,his fingertips.Ossinger was a lucky man. A single stroke of lightning,which is usually three to four miles long,travels at speeds of up to 100,000 miles per second.In a single flash,it can carry 100 million volts of electricity and reach a temperature of 55,000 degrees Fahrenheit,five times hotter than the surface of the sun.During its brief life span,lightning carries enough energy to power a 100-watt light bulb for as long as three months.If you find yourself unlucky enough to be near lightning's path,you could suffer a direct hit,sending electrical current though your body for some 5 00 milli-seconds.Because of the short duration,severe burns aren't common and the resulting burns are usually superficial . According to the national Weather Service,more people have been killed by lightning in the United States during the past 30 years,an average of 87 a year-than by either tornadoes or hurricanes,484 people were injured in 1994 alone.These"swords from the sky" are also responsible for an estimated$100 million to$300 million of property damage a year.During the 1980s an average of 5502 wildfires a year were sparked by lightning on national forest lands alone. Earth is struck by at 1east 100 of these flashes every second-more than 8.6 million strikes a day.For all its destructive power,lightning has its good sides too.It's likely that humans discovered fire from some early lightning-sparked flames.And all that activity above the earth may help create ozone ,which protects us from the sun's harmful rays.Lightning dancing across a summer night sky is a force to be respected and appreciated-from a distance. In the passage the author implies that _ . | [
"we all should try to avoid all thunderstorms",
"we should make full use of the lightening",
"we should recognize the positive effects of lightning",
"we should learn about the lightning as much as possible"
] | C. we should recognize the positive effects of lightning | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_4460 | A beaker containing 50 milliliters of ice is placed on a windowsill. After several hours, the ice melts. What property of the ice did not change when it melted? | [
"the mass",
"the volume",
"the temperature",
"the state of matter"
] | A. the mass | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_68446 | It is easy for us to tell who our family members are, but do plants recognize their own family? Some do, scientists say, according to a report by Science News in early 2010. Guillermo P. Murphy and Susan Dudley are two plant scientists from McMaster University in Hamilton, Canada. They did a few experiments with Jewelweeds, a kind of flower that grows in wet, shady spots. They found that the flowers seem to know their own flower family. In their experiments, Murphy and Dudley planted jewelweeds in pots with either _ or strangers. When jewelweeds were planted in pots with strangers, the plants started to grow more leaves than if they had been planted alone. This response suggests that plants are competing with strangers for sunlight, since a plant with more leaves can receive more light and make more food. Jewelweeds usually grow in the shade, where sunlight is not enough. When jewelweed seedlings were planted with siblings, they grew a few more branches than they usually would if they were alone - but they did not start growing lots of extra leaves. This behavior suggests the plants are more likely to share resources, rather than compete. According to the Science News report, Jewelweeds are not the first plants that plant scientists have studied for family recognition. In 2007, Dudley and her team studied the Great Lakes sea rocket, a plant that grows on the beach - where it may be hard to get fresh water. In that experiment, the scientists found that when sea rockets were planted with siblings, they tolerated each other. But when they were planted with strangers, the sea rockets reacted by working extra hard to grow lots of roots. Dudley says this just because sea rockets, on the beach, get plenty of sun but struggle for water - so when they're threatened, they compete for water. Jewelweeds have plenty of water but have to compete for sunshine, so they grow more leaves. According to the passage, flowers planted alone will _ . | [
"grow more leaves than those planted in groups",
"become taller than those with more branches",
"grow fewer leaves than those planted with strangers",
"become ill easily because they can't get enough shade"
] | C. grow fewer leaves than those planted with strangers | mmlu_train |
aquarat_36874 | In an electric circuit, two resistors with resistances x and y are connected in parallel. If R is the combined resistance of these two resistors, then the reciprocal of R is equal to the sum of the reciprocals of x and y. What is R if x is 4 Ohms and y is 6 Ohms? | [
"5/12",
"7/12",
"12/5",
"7/5",
"11/5"
] | C. 12/5 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_96851 | A person rescues a small chipmunk and it requires nourishment. The person obtains | [
"cold cuts",
"turkey legs",
"tree pips",
"red sauce"
] | C. tree pips | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_60789 | STUDY CENTER COURSES From where can a student read this? | [
"On the radio.",
"On television.",
"In a local newspaper.",
"On a school notice board."
] | D. On a school notice board. | mmlu_train |
aquarat_11148 | Half of 1 percent written as decimal is | [
"5",
"0.5",
"0.05",
"0.005",
"None of these"
] | D. 0.005 | aquarat |
arc_challenge_443 | Electricity has many uses. Which device is designed to transform electrical energy into useful heat energy? | [
"a clock radio",
"an electric stove",
"an electric motor",
"a battery charger"
] | B. an electric stove | arc_challenge |
aquarat_51247 | What is the smallest positive perfect square that is divisible by 4, 10, and 18? | [
"900",
"1,600",
"2,500",
"3,600",
"4,900"
] | A. 900 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_4583 | A student has a ball of clay that sinks when placed in a pan of water. Which property should he change to make the clay float? | [
"color",
"texture",
"mass",
"shape"
] | D. shape | mmlu_train |
arc_easy_1271 | Of the examples listed, which event is thought by scientists to have led to the greatest extinction? | [
"a volcano in Hawaii erupting",
"the construction of the Hoover Dam",
"whalers of the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries",
"the Mississippi River flooding its banks each summer"
] | C. whalers of the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries | arc_easy |
mmlu_train_91930 | Cows that are named and treated with a "more personal touch" can increase milk production by up to 500 pints a year. The study, by the university's School of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, involved 516 farmers across the UK. The study found farmers who named their cows got a 54% higher production than those that did not give their cows names. Dairy farmer Dennis Gibb said he believed treating every cow as an individual was very important. "They aren't just our means of making money. They're part of the family," he said. "We love our cows here and every one of them has a name. All of us regard them as 'our ladies' but we know every one of them and each one has her own personality." Dr Catherine Douglas said, "What our study shows is what many good, caring farmers have long since believed. Our data suggests that UK dairy farmers regard their cows as intelligent beings . They are able to experience a range of emotions ." "Placing more importance on knowing the individual animals and calling them by name can, at no extra cost to the farmer, also increase milk production." ,. Why did the farms want their cows to increase milk? | [
"Because they wanted to drink more.",
"Because their cows can be happy.",
"Because the milk is more delicious.",
"Because they made by money by selling milk."
] | D. Because they made by money by selling milk. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_96266 | Alternative fuel is usually a renewable what? | [
"sound",
"meal",
"drink",
"asset"
] | D. asset | mmlu_train |
aquarat_19100 | A certain number of men can finish a piece of work in 100 days. If there were 10 men less, it would take 10 days more for the work to be finished. How many men were there originally? | [
"120",
"105",
"115",
"110",
"140"
] | D. 110 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_57806 | Register in person, by phone 264-8833, or by mail. Use form given. 178 IN Winchester St., Chicago Basic Photography This is an eight-hour course for beginners who want to learn how to use a 35mm camera. The teacher will cover such areas as kinds of film, light and lenses . Bring your own 35mm camera to class. Course charge: $50.Jan. 10,12,17,19, Tues & Thurs. 6:00-8:00 pm. Marianne Adams is a professional photographer whose photographs appear in many magazines. Understanding Computers This twelve-hour course is for people who do not know much about computers, but need to learn about them. You will learn what computers are, what they can and can't do, and how to use them. Course charge: $75. Equipment charge: $10. Jan.14, 21, 28, Sats. 7:00-10:30pm. Joseph Saimders is Professor of Computer Science at New Urban University. He has over twelve years of experience in the computer field. Stop Smoking Do you want to stop smoking? Have you already tried to stop and failed? Now it's the time to stop smoking using the latest methods. You can stop smoking, and this twelve-hour course will help you do it. Course charge: $30. Jan. 4, 11, 18, 25, Wedns. 4:00-7:00pm. Dr John Goode is a practicing psychologist who has helped hundreds of people stop smoking. Typing This course on week-days is for those who want to learn to type, as well as those who want to improve their typing. You are tested in the first class and practice at one of eight different skill levels. This allows you to learn at your own speed. Each program lasts 20 hours. Bring your own paper. Course charge: $125. Material charge: $25. Two hours each evening for two weeks. New classes begin every two weeks. This course is taught by a number of business education teachers who have successfully taught typing courses before. Oil painting Oil paint is easy to use once you learn the basics. When you enroll at this oil painting course, you will learn to draw and learn to paint using many oil painting techniques under complete guidance and instruction. Together with the teacher's knowledge and your passion-we'll unlock your creativity and develop your potential! Course charge: $35. Jan. 5, 12, 19, 26, Thurs. 2:00-5:00 pm. Ralf Ericssion has taught beginners to masters and he has learned that everything builds on just a few basic concepts that he will show you here. Singing This course shows you how to deliver an accomplished vocal performance on stage and in the studio. Develop your vocal talents with professional warm-up routines and learn vocal techniques to gain confidence in your performance. You'll learn to perform classic songs before exploring your own songwriting ideas with a tutor. And finally you'll get the chance to record in a professional studio. Singing tuition may be in groups or one-to-one. We have Choral singing, Gospel singing, Folk singing and many other styles of song. All styles are welcome and no previous experience is required. Please read on for course contents and reviews from our students. Course charge: $90. Jan. 10, 12, 17, 19, Tues. & Thurs. 5:30-8:30pm. Peter Syrus is a Grammy award winning tutor. From the text we can infer _ . | [
"Marianne Adams has had many photographs printed in a magazine",
"Joseph Saimders has worked in New Urban University for 12 years",
"Dr John Goode's method of stopping smoking is very successful",
"there are eight different skill levels for business education teachers"
] | C. Dr John Goode's method of stopping smoking is very successful | mmlu_train |
aquarat_46402 | The center of a circle lies on the origin of the coordinate plane. If a point (x, y) is randomly selected inside of the circle, what is the probability that y > x or x < 0? | [
"5/8",
"4/5",
"3/8",
"1/2",
"3/4"
] | A. 5/8 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_23934 | Please help! I live in Germany with my wife and three kids. My parents live in the UK. I want my kids to have as much contact with their grandparents as possible. The kids all use e-mail, Skype and SMS but my parents won't. I've bought them a laptop, paid for broadband, given them both mobile phones and a digital camera, but they won't use them. My parents say they hate computers and new technology. What can I do with these " _ "? Daniel, Buremburg, Germany Actually, the original technophobes were the Luddites, a group of cloth workers in 19thcentury Britain during the Industrial Revolution. The Luddite cloth workers, who traditionally made cloth by hand, were worried that machines were going to take away their jobs and way of life. These machines could make cloth much faster and cheaper than humans. In 1811 and 1812 the Luddites destroyed the machines that they hated so much, but the British government supported the factory owners. Many Luddites were arrested. Charlotte Bronte's novel Shirley will tell your parents all about it. Laura, Valencia, Spain Laura makes some interesting points, I think. Technophobes has been a common theme in science fiction. Frankenstein, one of the first science fiction, is a warning of what could happen if humans began to experiment with human life. Freda, Copenhagen, Denmark One thing you could try is to find hardware that is designed for older people to use. An example is the mobiles made by the US company, Jitterbug. Instead of icons and menus the Jitterbug phones ask users simple "yes/no" questions and have larger keypads. The company realized that there are potentially 100 million older users in the US alone. Graham, Patras, Greece Who has put forward a practical and useful suggestions? | [
"Laura.",
"Freda.",
"Daniel.",
"Graham."
] | D. Graham. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_98298 | Splitting and fusing billions of atoms at the same location in space produces | [
"darkness",
"frigged rain",
"illumination",
"groceries"
] | C. illumination | mmlu_train |
aquarat_31412 | The average age of 36 students in a group is 14 years. when teacher's age is included to it, the average increases by one.What is the teacher's age in years? | [
"31",
"36",
"51",
"53",
"57"
] | C. 51 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_4196 | Andrew wanted to make some extra money to buy a toy truck that he really wanted but didn't get for his birthday. The truck cost thirty dollars and it made four different noises. The truck also had a ladder that was three feet long. Andrew had asked for it for his birthday but didn't get it. He did get a camera from his uncle and a puzzle from his friend. In order to make the money his mom told him that he needed to do chores around the house. His mom told him that he could make five dollars by mowing the lawn. He chose to do this chore and it took him three hours. She then gave him the money. He also chose to walk the dog every day for a week which made him one dollar a day. His grandpa gave him a late birthday present for his birthday. His grandpa's gift was twelve dollars. He spent the afternoon counting his money and found that he was still short of his goal. How much more money does Andrew need to make to buy the truck? | [
"five dollars",
"seven dollars",
"six dollars",
"eight dollars"
] | C. six dollars | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_6836 | Do you enjoy watching beautiful sunsets and seeing wildlife in some of the best parts of Wisconsin? Do you like being around people who share the same respect and love for natural resources? If you say"yes", then a fisheries biologist is a great career choice for you. As you can probably guess, education is very important. A Bachelor of Science degree in fisheries or biology is strongly recommended . Many biologists have a Master's degree. But it's not only good education that prepares you for a career as a fisheries biologist--field experience is also important. Volunteer work, internships and short-term fish technician positions are good ways to gain valuable training that can give you an edge in the competitive job market. In addition to good education and field experience, a fisheries biologist needs other skills. You'll spend a lot of time working with the public, so it's important to feel comfortable talking to a variety of people. Good communication, listening, and presentation skills are a must. A common _ among many people is that fisheries biologists get to fish all the time. Most biologists wish that were true. But as a fisheries biologist, you are especially busy during the fishing season, which leaves little time for you to actually go fishing. It's sad, but true. Each day brings something different in the life of a fisheries biologist. In the spring and fall, you spend a lot of time on the water shocking fish in order to sample the population, studying fish, and talking with people. The winter is spent analyzing fish data and communication with the public. So if you find fish interesting and fun to learn about, and like working both outside and inside, consider a career as a fisheries biologist. You'll never be bored! It can be inferred from the passage that _ . | [
"fisheries biologists like working in winter most",
"fisheries biologists can easily get bored of their work",
"fisheries biologists get to fish all the time all year round",
"fisheries biologists spend a lot of time working outside in spring and fall"
] | D. fisheries biologists spend a lot of time working outside in spring and fall | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_1471 | A change in the environment that causes a response is known as a | [
"stimulus",
"habit",
"reflex",
"source"
] | A. stimulus | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_94883 | Which process directly adds carbon into the atmosphere? | [
"increasing plant populations",
"decreasing animal populations",
"burning fossil fuels",
"forming sedimentary rock"
] | C. burning fossil fuels | mmlu_train |
arc_easy_896 | When water vapor rises and cools, the liquid water in the air comes together forming | [
"wind.",
"clouds.",
"lightning.",
"tornadoes."
] | B. clouds. | arc_easy |
aquarat_34815 | A rectangular lawn of dimensions 80 m * 40 m has two roads each 10 m wide running in the middle of the lawn, one parallel to the length and the other parallel to the breadth. What is the cost of traveling the two roads at Rs.3 per sq m? | [
"2288",
"2779",
"3300",
"3900",
"2781"
] | C. 3300 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_42212 | Surgeons in Spain have successfully carried out the world's first organ transplant using new stem cell technology. Some people are calling it the greatest medical breakthrough so far this century. But what are stem cells? As we know, most cells in our bodies are designed to serve specific purposes - for example, a liver cell develops to work in the liver and cannot become a heart cell. But stem cells are different. They are very young, and in the laboratory scientists can grow them into different types of cell. Claudia Castillo needed a new windpipe after getting a serious disease. Scientists from the University of Bristol in the UK took a donor windpipe, or trachea, from someone who had recently died. They used strong chemicals to remove the donor's cells, leaving a tissue scaffold . This was refilled with cells from Ms Castillo's windpipe, and stem cells from her bone. After four days the cells had grown sufficiently for the windpipe to be transplanted into Ms Castillo. Currently, transplant patients have to take drugs for the rest of their lives to prevent their bodies rejecting the new organs. These drugs can have bad side-effects, and do not always prevent rejection. But by using Ms Castillo's own cells, doctors were able to trick her body into thinking the new windpipe was her own organ. Five months on, Claudia Castillo is in perfect health. This ground-breaking procedure could be used in other transplant operations in the future. Scientists also believe stem cells might be used to treat Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, heart disease, stroke, arthritis, diabetes, burns and so on. However, stem cell research is extremely controversial. The most effective stem cells do not come from adults but from embryos created in laboratories and which are just a few days old. Many people have religious or ethical objections to growing embryos, even if they can be used to cure diseases. Stem cells are different from the other ceils in the way that _ . | [
"they are grown in the lab only",
"they can grow into different types of cell",
"they are designed for a specific purpose",
"they can work in the liver not in the heart"
] | B. they can grow into different types of cell | mmlu_train |
arc_easy_1897 | As water vapor condenses into liquid, which of the following can be formed? | [
"ice",
"steam",
"frost",
"clouds"
] | D. clouds | arc_easy |
mmlu_train_21354 | Every year Chris Brogan posts his three words for a new year. Many others and I have followed his lead for the past three or four years. They helped me a lot. My words for last year were"passion", "focus"and"delegate"and I stayed true to them. This year, 2013, my goals are more personal and less professional. FOCUS Focus is making a repeat appearance on my list this year because I'm too much of a _ . The problem is that I have trouble finishing one thing with so many things calling me. When I was working as a writer, all my projects were handled via a schedule, I'm putting a fitness and housekeeping routine into my schedule. HEALTH I get so busy taking care of everyone else, and I forget to take care of myself and this has to change. My health suffers and my weight suffers. I have to get my health in check, not only for me but because I promised my 9-year-old son. I'll make good food and lifestyle choices. I miss being thin, and it's time to get it back. CELEBRATE What good is having it if I'm not taking time to enjoy it? I have a wonderful job, a happy family, and so much to be thankful for. So how come I spend all my time working? Last summer my family took our first vacation in four years, the best thing I've done for myself and my family in a long time. This year, I'm making sure to take time to enjoy life and celebrate its many blessings. Do you have any words for 2013? Why does the writer have"HEALTH"as one of his three words? | [
"He wants to take better care of others.",
"He's gaining weight and feeling bad.",
"He did not take any exercise in the past.",
"He got the idea from his son."
] | B. He's gaining weight and feeling bad. | mmlu_train |
aquarat_35130 | Two pipes A and B can separately empty a cistern in 45 min and 30 min respectively. There is a third pipe in the top of the cistern to fill it. If all the three pipes are simultaneously opened, then the cistern is full in 90 min. In how much time, the third pipe alone can fill the cistern? | [
"22.5 min",
"15 min",
"30 min",
"20 min",
"25 min"
] | A. 22.5 min | aquarat |
aquarat_51384 | A, B, C rent a pasture. A puts 10 oxen for 7 months, B puts 12 oxen for 5 months and C puts 15 oxen for 3 months for grazing. If the rent of the pasture is Rs. 175, how much must C pay as his share of rent? | [
"40",
"45",
"50",
"55",
"60"
] | B. 45 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_26635 | Coffee is one of the world's most widely-enjoyed drinks. Now, a new research suggests that if you drink enough coffee, it might help you avoid certain kinds of cancer. Dr. Mia Hashibe of the University of Utah School of Medicine was interested in the connection between coffee drinking and certain cancers of the head and neck. Researchers have looked into this before, but without reaching any firm conclusions. She said, "So this finding from our new study was quite a surprise. We didn't really have any expectation of which direction it could go into." To sort out the confusion, Hashibe and her assistants used statistical ( ) techniques to, in effect, make one big study out of the earlier smaller studies. She explained, "Thanks to the earlier studies, we have a lot more power than earlier studies that looked at this. And we included 4,000 cancer patients who have cancer of the mouth and throat. And then 9,000 controls, people who do not have cancer. ' Those studies--in Europe and the United States--found that people who drank a lot of coffee were less likely to develop cancers of the mouth and throat. "We saw a protective effect for drinking more than 4 cups of coffee per day," Hashibe said. "This was the 40 percent decrease in risk. We did not see the same effect for drinking three cups or less per day." Mia Hashibe said there was a weak connection between cancer risk and drinking coffee without caffeine. And she and her assistants found no proof that drinking tea provided the same protection as drinking Coffee. Their research is published in the journal Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention. Hashibe says it is not clear how coffee might protect drinkers from certain cancers. "There are a few chemicals that are known to be antioxidants in coffee. So we are thinking perhaps they are playing some sort of protective role against several cancers." Which of the following might have something to do with the protection against mouth cancer? | [
"Coffee without chemicals.",
"Coffee without caffeine.",
"Four cups of tea a day.",
"Antioxidants in coffee."
] | D. Antioxidants in coffee. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_54488 | Toddler Teacher About the Job November 16, 2011 TITLE: Toddler Teacher LOCATION: Sinton & Falfurrias, TX . REQUIREMENTS: Must have an Associate's or Bachelor's Degree in Early Childhood Development. Must have a valid driver's license and a safe driving record. Bilingual (English/Spanish) ability is preferred. Three years of prior employment experience in a pre-school program is required. Computer skills, including the use of word processing software, are preferred. Must be able to pass a pr -employment physical, a criminal background check and fingerprint clearance. Since the toddlers are very young,, the teachers should be very patient and help them. GENERAL DUTIES: Responsible for the day-to-day supervision and operation of the assigned classroom. Application Deadline: Open Until Filled Apply At: Community Action Corporation of South Texas P. O. Drawer 1820 Alice, Texas 78332 Teacher About the Job Location: Falfurrias & Hebbronville, TX Requirements: An Associate or Baccalaureate degree in early childhood or a related field and three years of teaching experience in a licensed public school setting at a grade level no higher than elementary school. If employed with an Associate degree, must obtain a Baccalaureate degree within four years of employment. Bilingual ability (Spanish/English) is preferred. Good communication skills, in written and oral forms, are necessary. General Duties: Children here are older than toddlers. Their ages are from 4 t0 5. So the teacher will provide activities that support the growth and development of each child in the assigned classroom. Application Deadline: Open Until Filled Send Application to: Community Action Corporation of South Texas P. O- Drawer 1820 Smith, Texas 78333 If one wants to apply for the Toddler Teacher, he / she _ . | [
"must sing and dance well",
"must be able to use word processing software",
"must have a safe driving record",
"must look very young"
] | C. must have a safe driving record | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_27666 | The library is one of the most popular places at a western university.Students turn to it for research,conversations about class,and many other services. Compared with Chinese libraries,college libraries in the US and UK tend to offer more resources.A postgraduate at Yale University can borrow as many as 225 books at a time. In addition to borrowing books,there are online and electronic resources.These include a database search of popular and academic material,such as LexisNexis Academic,which offers items from newspapers and magazines. Although books and articles are the items that students ask for most frequently,some libraries provide audio and video recordings,maps and sheet music .At some schools,teachers and tutors put electronic copies of their teaching PPTs on the library web to give easier access for students. Another useful service in western college libraries is the Interlibrary Loan.This allows a student at one school to borrow books from another school.The loan request is made through the student's college library,which gets the book,gives it to the user,and arranges for its return. Technology has brought more services to students and has made libraries attractive.Some universities have services for students to send messages through the computer or mobile texts to ask the library staff for information. Earlier this year,Harvard University introduced a new Scan and Deliver service,allowing students to make requests for parts of books and articles.Requests made through the system are handled by library staff.The student receives an email with an Internet link to the scanned pages.The service is free and all material comes within four days. It used to be that libraries didn't allow food or drinks.But that rule is changing and many of them now contain a cafe so students can spend as much time as they want in the library. Actually,some US university libraries are now allnight affairs,or have at least one study room open all night. LexisNexis Academic is the name of a _ . | [
"guide",
"library",
"database",
"university"
] | C. database | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_60808 | If your job requires a lot of sitting, you could be putting your health at danger. The American Journal of Epidemiology did a study in 2010 on the correlation between sitting and an individual's physical health. In the study, 53,440 working men and 69,776 working women were surveyed on their time spent sitting. The subjects were all disease free when employed. The researchers identified 11,307 deaths in men and 7,923 deaths in women during the 14-year follow-up. The findings: Women who reported sitting for more than six hours per day had an approximately 40 higher all-cause death rate than those who reported less than three hours a day, and men had an approximately 20 higher death rate. Well, now's a fine time to get this information. But why didn't they tell me this years ago? I would have planned on taking a more active job instead of the sedentary job of an editor. So what can you do if you have to work for a living at a job that requires a lot of sitting? Here are some ideas: Take frequent breaks. It is recommended that workers vary activities, change their position, and take short breaks every 20 minutes to rest muscles and increase blood circulation. Get a standing desk. Some studies have shown that working from an upright position may be better for health. The serious fitness people can even purchase a treadmill desk. It only goes about one mile per hour. Have a walking meeting. If your group is kind of small, going for a walk while discussing topics is a good alternative. According to the text, the study in 2010 _ . | [
"found men reporting shorter sitting time than women",
"surveyed more men than women on their daily sitting time",
"identified fewer deaths in men than in women during the 14-year follow-up",
"discovered correlation between sitting and physical health in men and in women"
] | D. discovered correlation between sitting and physical health in men and in women | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_94071 | Living cells synthesize long chains of amino acids called proteins. Which substance provides the information needed to correctly sequence the amino acids during protein synthesis? | [
"ATP",
"mRNA",
"tRNA",
"DNA"
] | D. DNA | mmlu_train |
aquarat_26279 | A restaurant meal cost $33.50 and there was no tax. If the tip was more than 10 percent but less than 15 percent of the cost of the meal, then total amount paid must have been between: | [
"$40 and $42",
"$39 and $41",
"$38 and 40",
"$37 and $39",
"$36 and $37"
] | D. $37 and $39 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_1722 | Which statement best compares single-celled and multi-celled organisms? | [
"Tissues in a single-celled organism are like the cells in a multi-celled organism.",
"The nucleus in a single-celled organism is like the skin of a multi-celled organism.",
"Organelles in a single-celled organism are like the organs in a multi-celled organism.",
"The cytoplasm in a single-celled organism is ... | C. Organelles in a single-celled organism are like the organs in a multi-celled organism. | mmlu_train |
aquarat_1374 | During a Thanksgiving weekend, a car rental company rented eight-tenths of their vehicles, including three-fifths of the 4WDs that it had. If 40% of the vehicles are 4WDs, then what percent of the vehicles that were not rented were not 4WDs? | [
"20%",
"30%",
"40%",
"60%",
"25%"
] | A. 20% | aquarat |
arc_easy_824 | Which tool should a student use to compare the masses of two small rocks? | [
"balance",
"hand lens",
"ruler",
"measuring cup"
] | A. balance | arc_easy |
aquarat_27307 | P, Q and R can do a work in 20, 30 and 60 days respectively. How many days does it need to complete the work if P does the work and he is assisted by Q and R on every third day? | [
"15",
"24",
"78",
"96",
"32"
] | A. 15 | aquarat |
m1_pref_268 | Consider a source $S$ with some distribution $P_S$ over the alphabet $\mathcal{A} = \{a, b, c, d, e, f\}$. Consider the following encoding $\Gamma$ over a code alphabet $\mathcal{D}$ of size $D$ with the following codeword lengths: egin{center} egin{tabular}{ |c|c|c|c|c|c|c| } \hline & $a$ & $b$ & $c$ & $d$ & $e$ & $f$ \ \hline $l(\Gamma(\cdot))$ & 1 & 1 & 1 & 2 & 2 & 4 \ \hline \end{tabular} \end{center} True or false: If $D=4$ then $\Gamma$ is necessarily uniquely-decodable. | [
"True",
"False"
] | B. False | m1_pref |
mmlu_train_94953 | An animal would have its inner parts better protected if it had which of these? | [
"a backpack on its back",
"a calcium fortified internal structure",
"none of these",
"a shell of cotton"
] | B. a calcium fortified internal structure | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_25708 | Elephants are the largest land animals and they need plenty of living space. They have seasonal migration routes. As human populations rise, elephant land is being cleared for agriculture and other kinds of development. When animals are effectively trapped on small areas of land, it restricts the gene pool and also results in a shortage of food. Where elephant reserves border agricultural areas, elephants are often attracted to leave parks to attack crops and barns. Only the strongest walls will stop an adult elephant (males can weigh 6,000kg), so farmers have great difficulty protecting their fields. In prefix = st1 /India, elephants don't only attack for food. Some even have developed a taste for rice beer. InAssam, elephant-human conflict has resulted in the death of more than 150 people and 200 elephants in the space of two years. Poverty leads to the killing of elephants for meat. If people don't have enough food and their governments cannot afford to enforce poaching bans, it's not difficult to predict the outcome. Ivory comes form elephant tusks , which can grow to be 3 meters long. Both male and female African elephants have large tusks. Most new ivory comes from Africa and is sold as a high status material in Asian countries such as Thailand, mainlandChinaandJapan. It can fetch $150 an pound and is carved to make decorations, chopsticks and ink stamps. The conservation priority here is to change public attitudes. In some countries in southern Africa, where conservation efforts have been successful, there is not enough room for a growing elephant population and animals have to be killed. A CITES meeting in November 2002 ruled that Botswana,NamibiaandSouth Africamay sell stock-piled ivory, starting in2004. Many conservationists are convinced that _ will fuel the demand for ivory and lead to more illegal poaching, they say it is almost impossible to tell legal from poached ivory. The governments argue that the sales will be used to fund conservation work. According to the passage, we can infer that _ . | [
"farmers have difficulty in protecting their field because no walls can stop an adult elephant.",
"if the government could help solve poverty, there would be less killing of elephants.",
"only male elephants in Africa have tusks as long as 3 meters.",
"since there is not enough room for a growing elephant pop... | B. if the government could help solve poverty, there would be less killing of elephants. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_95007 | Which converts carbon dioxide, water, and solar energy into oxygen? | [
"chrysanthemum",
"mistletoe",
"mushroom",
"mole"
] | A. chrysanthemum | mmlu_train |
aquarat_39693 | In how many ways can an answer key for a quiz be written if the quiz contains 3 true-false questions followed by 3 multiple-choice questions with 4 answer choices each, if the correct answers to all true-false questions cannot be the same? | [
"164",
"224",
"280",
"384",
"476"
] | D. 384 | aquarat |
arc_easy_309 | When a person chews, saliva from the mouth mixes with starches in food. These starches begin to turn into sugars. Changing starches into sugars is best described as | [
"a phase change.",
"a cellular change.",
"a physical change.",
"a chemical change."
] | D. a chemical change. | arc_easy |
arc_easy_1150 | If wolves prey on deer for food, what will most likely happen to the deer population if wolves are removed from an area where deer live? | [
"The population of deer will increase.",
"The population of deer will decrease.",
"The population of deer will remain the same.",
"The population of deer will become extinct."
] | A. The population of deer will increase. | arc_easy |
mmlu_train_38726 | Workers who commute by car, bus or train to the office are more likely to suffer from stress and exhaustion, according to a study. Scientists studied 12,000 employees aged between 18 and 65.They found that those who traveled to work by car or public transport reported higher levels of stress and tiredness compared to active commuters who traveled by foot or bicycle. The negative health of public transport users increased with journey time. It is now expected that the study, from Lund University in Sweden, will encourage further investigation into the health effects of commuting and the best forms of transportation. Researcher Erik Hansson said:"Generally car and public transport users suffered more everyday stress, poorer sleep quality, exhaustion and felt that they struggled with their health compared to the active commuters." According to the Office for National Statistics, the average Briton commutes 54 minutes every day. But now the scientists claim that the advantages of daily travel, such as higher pay or housing conditions, need to be weighed against the negative health effects. Income, family background and environmental factors are other things that need to be considered. It may also have a cost effect on industry. According to a Absence and Workplace Health Survey, the U.K. economy lost 190 million working days to absence last year, with each employee taking an average of 6.5 days off sick, costing employers US$27 billion. Hansson added that findings would help to reconsider the balance between economic needs, health, and the costs of working days lost. However, researchers stress that the findings, published in the journal BMC Public Health, do not prove that commuting causes ill health and further research is needed. The purpose of this writing is to _ . | [
"present the result of a study",
".help people with stress and tiredness",
".show the hidden weakness of public transport",
"advise people not to go to work by commuting"
] | A. present the result of a study | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_2073 | Which of these most likely has the GREATEST mass? | [
"Chicken",
"Puppy",
"Lizard",
"Horse"
] | D. Horse | mmlu_train |
aquarat_23607 | If each edge of a cube is doubled, then its volume : | [
"Becomes 8 times",
"Becomes 9 times",
"is double",
"Becomes 6 times",
"None"
] | A. Becomes 8 times | aquarat |
aquarat_5261 | If two-third of a bucket is filled in 6 minute then the time taken to fill the bucket completely will be . | [
"90 seconds",
"70 seconds",
"60 seconds",
"9 minutes",
"120 seconds"
] | D. 9 minutes | aquarat |
mmlu_train_84861 | Most animals protect their young until they are old enough to take care of themselves. A fish that swims in the rivers of South America protects its young in a very strange way. This fish, a kind of catfish, uses its mouth to keep its babies from danger . When this catfish lays its eggs, it carries them in its mouth. From what we know, it does not eat during this time. After the eggs hatch , the fish swims with its young to protect them. It opens its mouth when danger appears , and the tiny fish swim inside. They swim out only when it's safe again. These catfish may have a _ way to protect their young, but it seems to work. The catfish in the story live in _ . | [
"lakes",
"the sea",
"rivers",
"North America"
] | C. rivers | mmlu_train |
aquarat_10888 | Calculate f(3), given that f(x) = x3 + f0(-1)x2 + f00(1)x + f0(-1)f(-1). | [
"198",
"197",
"196",
"195",
"194"
] | A. 198 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_44109 | A new U.S.government report says more than two million Americans fall ill each year with drug--resistant bacterial infections ,and 23,000 of them are dying as a result.The head of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention[CDC]said that the number probably will grow.Officials warn that steps must be taken now to preserve the effectiveness of antibiotic drugs. Without urgent action to stop that trend,warned Tom Frieden whose agency wrote the report,the miracle drugs to fight them won't be available in the future. "If we are not careful,the medicine chest will be empty when we go there to look for a lifesaving antibiotic for someone with a deadly infection.But if we act now,we can preserve these medications while we continue to work on development of new medicines."The report names a drug--resistant abuse of gonorrhea ,which causes about one quarter of a million hospitalizations in the United States annually.Of the number at least 1 4,000 result in death. Drug resistance develops through the overuse and inappropriate use of anti--bacterial agents.These can be:doctors prescribing them to patients who have viral infections that are not affected by medicine meant to fight bacteria;patients not taking all of their medicine as prescribed,so the bacteria making them sick are only weakened,not killed;antibiotic use in healthy farm animals to prevent illness and promote growth.Antibiotic remainders left in meat and animal products can then lead to drug resistance in humans. To limit the spread of resistant infections,experts recommend wider use of routine immunizations ,as well as hand--washing in hospitals and other health care facilities.Also,the report urges hand--washing by food handlers. Michael Bell,deputy director of the Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion at CDC,said Patients also can play a role in preserving the effectiveness of antibiotics by asking health care providers a few simple questions. One of the approaches through which drug resistance develops is that _ . | [
"people eat the meat with Antibiotic remainder in animals",
"doctors prescribe less antibiotics than needed for patients",
"doctors prescribe much more antibiotic than needed for patients",
"patients don't take their ant-bacterial agents that doctors prescribe"
] | A. people eat the meat with Antibiotic remainder in animals | mmlu_train |
arc_easy_1762 | In what section of Earth do earthquakes happen? | [
"crust",
"mantle",
"inner core",
"outer core"
] | A. crust | arc_easy |
aquarat_1420 | How many seconds will a 400 metre long train take to cross a man walking with a speed of 3 km/hr in the direction of the moving train if the speed of the train is 63 km/hr? | [
"24",
"30",
"40",
"45",
"50"
] | A. 24 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_5609 | Red squirrels have been wiped out from a large area of northern Italy, threatening a further biodiversity crisis for the species similar to its near extinction in the British Isles. There are now no red squirrels left in an area of more than 1,150 square kilometres (sq km) in Piedmont, according to research from the universities of Turin, Genoa and Varese. On the edge of this large region, the species is also under threat from the invasions of grey squirrels. If the spread of the grey squirrel continues uncontrolled, the species could spread as far as France, the scientists fear. They are calling for more research and control and conservation measures aimed at preserving the remaining red squirrel populations and containing the spread of the greys. Grey squirrels were introduced into Italy ly recently, in 1948. They were a gift from the US ambassador and kept in Turin, but escaped into the wild and rapidly colonized the surrounding area - despite warnings from the UK, where importing grey squirrels was forbidden from before the Second World War, when the destructive effects of having imported greys in the 1880s had become clear. Grey squirrels are not only more aggressive than the native European red squirrel, which causes them to invade red-dominated areas and take over, but they also carry a deadly virus, the squirrel pox. While greys are largely immune to the virus, it is deadly to red squirrels, which typically die within one or two weeks of being infected. From only four animals in 1948, at Stupinigi near Turin, the greys spread rapidly in recent years. Until 1970 the distribution of greys was limited to the Stupinigi woods, occupying an area of about 12 sq km. By 1990 this area had expanded to more than 200 sq km, stretching mainly southwards into the Cuneo province. By 2000, grey squirrels occupied 900 sq km and this year, fresh research from the three universities shows that their distribution now extends to more than 2,000 sq km. In more than half of that area, the native reds have been entirely wiped out, and in the remainder they are under severe threat. Red squirrels are nearly extinct in Northern Italy as a result of_. | [
"the biodiversity crisis",
"the invasion of grey squirrels",
"being weaker than other animals",
"the similar extinction in the British Isles"
] | B. the invasion of grey squirrels | mmlu_train |
arc_challenge_101 | Which of these will reduce the gravitational force between two objects the most? | [
"halving the distance between them",
"doubling the distance between them",
"halving the distance between them and doubling their mass",
"doubling the distance between them and halving their mass"
] | D. doubling the distance between them and halving their mass | arc_challenge |
aquarat_39490 | Average age of students of an adult school is 44 years. 120 new students whose average age is 32 years joined the school. As a result the average age is decreased by 4 years. Find the number of students of the school after joining of the new students. | [
"1200",
"180",
"360",
"240",
"None of these"
] | B. 180 | aquarat |
aquarat_16448 | For a finite sequence of non zero numbers, the number of variations in sign is defined as the number of pairs of consecutive terms of the sequence for which the product of the two consecutive terms is negative. What is the number of variations in sign for the sequence 1, -3, 2, 5, -4, -6, -5 ? | [
"1",
"2",
"3",
"4",
"5"
] | D. 4 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_32180 | For most students, school is over and summer fun is here. Even kids who are going to summer school don't need to be cooped up indoors during these bright sunny days. Why? Thanks to technology, many kids now have the _ of attending "virtual" summer schools online. These "virtual" classes are not new. Many colleges and universities offer online courses where the students never meet; they correspond with their teachers and classmates on the web. Even some traditional schools add to daily classes with internet-based assignments and feedback. There are a lot of benefits to online schooling, and that's why public schools have started participating in this non-traditional type of education. Instead of students riding the bus, going to class, eating lunch at school, and going home in the early afternoon, they can now log on at any time of day or night and learn. This flexible online option requires just as much work and participation as normal summer school. However, the timing is different. Online summer school is not for all students, just like it isn't for all adults. The student needs to be an excellent reader in order to obtain as much information as possible from the lectures. In addition, students must understand computers and be self motivated in order to complete the class successfully. If the students meet these requirements, then online summer school has many advantages. Written lectures can be read and reread until the student understands them. The students can email each other and the teacher if they need help. Students who participate in online summer school often earn higher grades because the teachers can answer more questions without slowing down the entire class progress. And because of this new technology, summer school students can still go to the beach, travel around the world, and take family vacations! Online summer school is not suitable for _ . | [
"adults or children who are too old",
"students who are poor in reading",
"those who don't master good computer technology",
"students who can't finish homework on their own"
] | B. students who are poor in reading | mmlu_train |
aquarat_42467 | One out of every 500 light bulbs are defected. If 5 out of every 10 defected light bulbs have a broken glass and there are 20 broken glass light bulbs in the shipment, how many light bulbs total are there in the shipment? | [
"2,000",
"5,000",
"10,000",
"20,000",
"52,000"
] | D. 20,000 | aquarat |
aquarat_11119 | What is the smallest integer k for which 64^k > 4^20? | [
"4",
"5",
"6",
"7",
"8"
] | D. 7 | aquarat |
aquarat_32218 | Train A & B leave from same station and reaches same destination but train A leaves half an after Train B & travels 2 times faster than B. Total distance is 100 miles & train B travels 50 miles/hour. Which train reaches the destination first & what is the time difference between the train | [
"Train A reaches 30 minutes before Train B",
"Train B reaches 30 minutes before Train A",
"Train A reaches 60 minutes before Train B",
"Train B reaches 60 minutes before Train A",
"None of the above"
] | A. Train A reaches 30 minutes before Train B | aquarat |
mmlu_train_1133 | How many chromosomes are in a human sperm cell? | [
"12",
"23",
"46",
"58"
] | B. 23 | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_98744 | What will become magnetic in an electromagnet if the battery becomes active? | [
"A nail box",
"A construction nail",
"A plastic nail",
"A wooden nail"
] | B. A construction nail | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_6534 | China Daily Oct.11,2008-TheMinistry Of Health has called for more awareness from the public on the mental health of the young as part of efforts to mark World Mental Health Day which fell on Friday. More than 15 percent of Chinese youths have been found with mental problems and about 30 million young people under 17 are suffering from depression,the Shanghai-based Wenhui Daily reported.The World Health Organization estimates that before 2020,the rate of children with mental problems will increase to 50 percent ,and mental problem will become a major factor behind deaths and illness in the young worldwide. Dang Xianhong,the spokesperson for the Beijing Municipal Health Bureau,said rapid social change is one of the reasons behind the rising number of youngsters with psychological problems.If these mental dispenses are not addressed on time, science of crimes,drug-taking and other dangerous behaviors are expected to rise.Experts said mental diseases could be caused by many factors,such as the inability to handle interpersonal relations well, unstable emotions and pressures from an overload of studies.A number of experts have also said the one child policy is another reason leading to poor mental health in the young.Children are said to be too "spoiled" and "selfish" in a one child family. It's reported that schools in many cities are rolling out measures to help students maintain their mental well-being.Yin Jingmiao, a teacher of the Beijing No,105 Middle School,told China Daily that the school invites psychologists to provide counseling to students three times a month."Students can be arranged to have 40-minute counseling sessions." Yin said."The school also gives lectures on mental health to senior grade students before they take the national college entrance exams to help ease any anxiety arising from the tests." Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? | [
"Efforts to Mark World Mental Health Day",
"Public Awareness on Youngsters' Mental Diseases Expected",
"How to Maintain Mental Well-being",
"Seriousness of Youngsters Mental Health Problems"
] | B. Public Awareness on Youngsters' Mental Diseases Expected | mmlu_train |
aquarat_17597 | How many two-digit numbers are there whose remainder when divided by 10 is 1, and whose remainder when divided by 7 is 6? | [
"3",
"4",
"5",
"6",
"7"
] | D. 6 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_17529 | Plants, like animals, are subject to diseases of various kinds.It has been estimated that some 30,000 different diseases attack our economic plants; forty are known to attack corn, and about as many attack wheat.The results of unchecked plant disease are all too obvious in countries which have marginal food supplies.The problem will soon be more widespread as the population of the world increases at its frightening rate.Even in countries which are now amply fed by their agricultural products there could soon be the major crops; the resulting famines could kill millions of people, and the resulting hardship on other millions could cause political upheavals disastrous to the order of the world. Some plants have relative immunity to a great many diseases, while others have a susceptibility to them.A blight may be but a local infection easily controlled; on the other hand it can attack particular plants in a whole region or nation.An example is the blight which killed virtually every chestnut tree in North America.Another is the famous potato blight in Ireland in the last century.As a result of that, it was estimated that one million people died of starvation and related ailments. Plant pathologists have made remarkable strides in identifying the pathogens of the various diseases.Bacteria may invade a plant through an infestation of insect parasites carrying the pathogen.A plant can also be inoculated by man.Other diseases might be caused by fungus which attacks the plant in the form of a model or smut or rust.Frequently such a primary infection will weaken the plant so that a secondary infection may result form its lack of tolerance.The symptoms shown may cause an error in diagnosis, so that treatment may be directed toward bacteria which could be the result of a susceptibility caused by a primary virus infection. Unchecked plant disease won't result in _ . | [
"food shortages in poor country",
"food shortages in rich country",
"increase of world population",
"disaster in world politics"
] | C. increase of world population | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_41066 | On February 3, a Laysan albatross , a large seabird, named Wisdom, which is 62 years old, hatched a healthy chick on a Pacific island near Hawaii,. It was the sixth year in a row this bird has hatched a chick. Wisdom's species normally lives only 12 to 40 years, while she is able to hatch healthy chicks into her 60s. At breeding time, the Laysan albatross will dig out a shallow nest in the ground. The female then lays a single egg. Both she and her mate will take turns incubating the egg until it hatches. More than seven out of every 10 Laysan albatrosses' nests are on just one island -Midway Atoll. That's Wisdom's home. But her species spends most of its time in the air. In fact, biologists observe that after learning to fly, these birds may not set foot on land for the next three to five years. Albatrosses are powerful gliders , With their six-foot, nearly two-meter, wingspan, Laysan albatrosses can ride wind currents for hundreds of miles or more. Biologists now estimate that Wisdom has flown for an unusually large number of miles-between two million and three million. That is equivalent to traveling from Earth to the moon and back-four to six times! And in the months when these birds are not breeding, they stay in the air, and even sleep there. Wild albatrosses often die long before they come close to Wisdom's age. Some are eaten. Others starve, get sick or suffer life-threatening injuries from people's fishing boats. Clearly, Wisdom is special. She may have raised as many as 35 chicks in her life. Which of the following would be the best title for the text? | [
"Albatrosses-Powerful Gliders.",
"Laysan Albatrosses' Paradise-Midway Atoll.",
"Endangered Birds-Laysan Albatrosses.",
"The Oldest Mother Bird-Wisdom."
] | D. The Oldest Mother Bird-Wisdom. | mmlu_train |
arc_challenge_977 | Which of these animals is most likely to be found living and feeding on the forest floors of Virginia? | [
"Bat",
"Trout",
"Deer mouse",
"Golden eagle"
] | C. Deer mouse | arc_challenge |
mmlu_train_47968 | Communications technologies are far from equal when it comes to conveying the truth.The first study to compare honesty across a range of communication media has found that people are twice as likely to tell lies in phone conversations as they are in emails.The fact that emails are automatically recorded--and can come back to puzzle you---appears to be the key to the finding. Jeff Hancock of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, asked 30 students to keep a communications diary for a week.In it they noted the number of conversations or email exchanges they had lasting more than 10 minutes, and confessed to how many lies they told.Hancock then worked out the number of lies per conversation for each medium.He found that lies made up 14 per cent of emails, 21 percent of instant messages, 27 per cent of face-to-face interactions and an astonishing 37 percent of phone calls. His results to be presented at the conference on human-computer interaction in Vienna, Austria, in April, have surprised psychologists.Some expected emailers to be the biggest liars, reasoning that because deception makes people uncomfortable, the indirect contact of emailing would make it easier to lie.Others expected people to lie more in face-to-face exchanges because we are most practiced at that form of communication. But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread, and whether it occurs in real time.People appear to be afraid to lie when they know the communication could later be used to hold them to account, he says.This is why fewer lies appear in email than on the phone. People are also more likely to lie in real time---in an instant message or phone call, say---than if they have time to think of a response, says Hancock.He found many lies are spontaneous responses to an unexpected demand, such as: "Do you like my dress?" Hancock hopes his research will help companies work out the best ways for their employees to communicate.For instance, the phone might be the best medium for sales where employees are encouraged to stretch the truth.But, given his result, work assessment where honesty is a priority, might be best done using email. Hancock's research finding surprised those who believed that _ . | [
"people are less likely to lie instant messages",
"people are unlikely to lie in face-to-face interactions",
"people are most likely to lie in email communication",
"people are twice as likely to lie in phone conversations"
] | C. people are most likely to lie in email communication | mmlu_train |
aquarat_37723 | Three men start together to travel the same way around a circular track of 11 kilometers in circumference. Their speeds are 4, 5 and 8 kilometers per hour respectively. When will they meet at a starting point? | [
"11 hours",
"12 hours",
"220 hours",
"22 hours",
"24 hours"
] | A. 11 hours | aquarat |
aquarat_35497 | A sum of Rs. 350 made up of 110 coins, which are of either Re.1 or Re.5 denomination. How many coins are of Re.1? | [
"60",
"70",
"80",
"90",
"100"
] | A. 60 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_53730 | Millions of people die of hunger in Southern Africa every year, but when prefix = st1 /Zambiawas offered thousands of tons of free maize by theUS, the government politely said no. "We don't know whether the food is safe," said Zambia's Commerce, Trade and Industry Minister Dipak Patel. His worries are shared by countries around the world that are _ aboutAmerica's genetically modified (GM) crops. Just last week, EU member nations were discussing whether or not to import GM sweet corn from theUS. Ever since people started farming, they have tried to crossbreed plants to make them stronger or better tasting. At one time, only related plants could be crossed with each other. But when GM techniques were developed in the 1970s, scientists were able to put a single gene from a living creature into an unrelated creature. This means they can make crops more productive and resistant to disease by adding genes from other species. They can also create food with special characteristics, such as "golden rice", which is enriched with vitamin A. But many people believe GM foods are a health risk. "If left to me, I would certainly not eat GM foods," said Scottish scientist Arpad Pusztai. "We are putting new things into food which haven't been eaten before. The effects on the immune system are not easy to predict." At the moment, the official argument is that GM foods "are not likely to present risks for human health". But there are still many questions to be answered as the foods are produced in different ways. Some experts believe the genetic material added to plants can transfer to humans and give damage to our bodies. Further harm could be caused by the genes from GM plants crossbreeding with naturally produced crops. Which of the following statements is NOT true about GM foods? | [
"It is produced from plants added genes from other species.",
"GM foods can have special characteristics.",
"GM foods will affect people's immune system.",
"GM foods have been produced since 1970s."
] | C. GM foods will affect people's immune system. | mmlu_train |
arc_challenge_317 | Most volcanoes develop due to interactions between two tectonic plates. Which of the tectonic plate interactions is least likely to produce volcanic activity? | [
"two diverging oceanic plates",
"two converging oceanic plates",
"two diverging continental plates",
"two converging continental plates"
] | D. two converging continental plates | arc_challenge |
mmlu_train_11296 | Cats like climbing trees and there are logical reasons behind this behavior. Interestingly, due to some of their physical features, cats will meet trouble getting down from the trees after climbing up, which may seem unusual. There are several reasons why cats climb trees, mostly to do with defensive purposes. Cats, as predators , like to understand their environment well. As they are small animals, their scope of vision is considerably smaller. Cats often climb trees to get a better view of their surroundings to help them see any potential dangers. While cats are predators, they are also easy to get attacked from larger animals, such as dogs or even other cats. A tree often provides a safe hiding place. In the wild, cars climb up trees to give them a resting or napping place that is out of predators' range. It also helps disguise their presence. Some cats may climb trees for fun, on occasion, or possibly to work on improving their climbing abilities. Small cats frequently test out their claw skills by trying to climb up anything and everything, from bookcases to trees to a person's leg. Climbing practice is good for cats; it can improve their strength and flexibility and teach them an important defensive skill. If a cat has gotten up a tree and cannot get down, the owner may wonder why its remarkable climbing abilities only work in one direction. A cat's claws curve inward, allowing it to grip onto surfaces while going up head first. Unfortunately, this useful climbing curve does nothing to help the animal get back down again. Eventually, most trapped cats will either jump out of the tree or realize that they can get down by going tail first. Either way, a cat up a tree is usually nothing to worry about; they are intelligent animals and will figure out how to get down sooner or later. Why do cats have trouble getting down from a tree? | [
"They are afraid of height.",
"They are easy to get lost in a tree.",
"They don't know how to jump off a tree.",
"Their climbing ability doesn't help when climbing down."
] | D. Their climbing ability doesn't help when climbing down. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_8836 | In many countries today, laws protect wildlife. In India, the need for such protection was realized centuries ago. About 300 B.C. an Indian writer described forest that were somewhat like national parks today. The killing of game beasts was carefully supervised . Some animals were fully protected.Within the forest, nobody was allowed to cut timber(wood for building), burn wood for charcoal , or catch animals for their furs. Animals that became dangerous to human visitors were caught or killed outside the park so that other animals would not become uneasy. The need for wildlife protection is greater now than ever before. About a thousand species of animals are in danger of _ , and the rate of extinction was about one species every fifty years from A.D. 1 to 1800, but now it is about one species every year. Everywhere, men are trying to solve the problem of protecting wildlife caring for the rapid growth of the world's population. Dangerous animals were caught or killed outside the park so as to _ . | [
"keep human visitors safe",
"free the rest of the animals from worry or fear",
"both A and B",
"supply other animals with more food"
] | C. both A and B | mmlu_train |
arc_easy_700 | Sound waves can pass through all of these except | [
"air.",
"steel.",
"water.",
"a vacuum."
] | D. a vacuum. | arc_easy |
mmlu_train_26976 | It is a tall tale that terrifies most young children. Swallow a piece of chewing gum and it will remain in your body for seven years before it is digested. An even worse tale is that swallowed gum can wrap itself around your heart. But what does happen if you should accidentally eat a stick of gum? Chewing gum is made out of gum base, sweeteners, coloring and flavoring. The gum base is pretty indigestibleit is a mixture of different ingredients that our body can't absorb. Most of the time, your stomach really cannot break down the gum the way it would break down other foods. However, your digestive system has another way to deal with things you swallow. After all, we eat lots of things that we are unable to fully digest. They keep moving along until they make it all the way through the gut and come out at the other end one or two days later. The saliva in our mouths will make an attempt at digesting chewing gum as soon as we put it in our mouths. It might get through the shell but many of gum's base ingredients are indigestible. It's then down to our stomach muscleswhich contract and relax, much like the way an earthworm moves to slowly force the things that we swallow through our systems. Swallowing a huge piece of gum or swallowing many small pieces of gum in a short time can cause a blockage within the digestive system, most often in children, who have a thinner digestive tube than adults but this is extremely rare. Children might feel terrified after swallowing chewing gum mainly because _ . | [
"they believe the tall tales about chewing gum",
"chewing gum will stay in their body for years",
"their heart will be wrapped by chewing gum",
"chewing gum is indigestible for children"
] | A. they believe the tall tales about chewing gum | mmlu_train |
aquarat_21661 | If the average (arithmetic mean) of a and b is 210, and the average of b and c is 160, what is the value of a − c? | [
"−220",
"−100",
"100",
"135",
"It cannot be determined from the information given"
] | C. 100 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_60121 | Ever since news of widespread food recalls caused by a _ dye broke, there has been confusion over possible links to the country of the same name, but Sudan officials say there is no connection whatever. Sudan 1 is a red industrial dye that has been found in some chilli powder, but was banned in food products across the European Union (EU) in July 2003. Since the ban was put in place, EU officials have been trying to remove some food products from the shelves.So far 580 products have been recalled. Last week Sudan's Embassy in the United Kingdom asked the Food Standards Agency (FSA) for clarification of the origin of the dye's name. Omaima Mahmoud Al Sharief, a press official at Sudan's Embassy in China, explained the purpose of the inquiry was to clear up any misunderstanding over links between the country and the poisonous dye. "We want to keep an eye on every detail and avoid any misunderstanding there," she said."Our embassy to Britain asked them how the dye got that name and whether the dye had something to do with our country.But they told us there was no relationship." The FSA, an independent food security watchdog in Britain, received a letter from the Sudanese embassy last week. "They asked us why the dye is named Sudan, however, we also do not know how it got the name," she said."People found the dye in 1883 and gave it the name.Nobody knows the reason, and we cannot give any explanation before we find out." Sudan dyes, which include Sudan 1 to 4, are red dyesused for colouring oils, waxes, petrol, and shoe and floor polishes.They are classified as carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Which of the following is the best title? | [
"Keep away from Sudan1",
"No Sudan 1 dye links to the country",
"How Sudan1 dye got its name?",
"Pay attention to the food safety"
] | B. No Sudan 1 dye links to the country | mmlu_train |
arc_easy_667 | Humans cannot survive without clean, fresh water. Reservoirs of liquid water vary, but all water spends time as a gas in the atmosphere. What is the source of most of the water in the atmosphere? | [
"lakes",
"oceans",
"rivers",
"glaciers"
] | B. oceans | arc_easy |
mmlu_train_53246 | Even with the multimedia excitement of the web. Electronic Mail, email, is the most frequently used application of the Internet. Many people who have a chance to use the Internet at school, home, and work. They use the Internet for no other purposes than to send or receive emails. It's all very easy. You prepare the message, log onto the Internet, and send it. The message first goes to your Internet Service Provider's mail server, which in turn sends it to the recipient's mail server. On the way your message may go through several servers, each reading the name in order to send it to the right server. The message then remains in the recipient's mail email server until he requests it by "checking his mail". The benefits of emails are obvious: mostly it's quick. Also, many people feel that the rules for regular mails don't apply to email, making it less formal, which in turn make email easier to write and send. It's not just friends and coworkers that are receiving emails. Wherever you look, the Web is providing email addresses. This has made communication between strangers easier than ever. You can read an interesting article online and immediately send the author an email. Anyone who posts his email address on a Web page is saying he wants to receive email. There are places you can go if you don't know someone's email address. Check out Bigfoot, the Internet Address Finder, or Netscape's Email Directories for more information. Email is one of the services offered by your Internet Service Provider--a service that you're applying for every month. The passage is about _ . | [
"the multimedia excitement",
"different websites",
"email",
"mail server"
] | C. email | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_41753 | Sometimes life gets a little dull. What used to be fun and different becomes boring. That is the time to look for something new. It is the time for a big idea to get your mind off everyday life. So why not search for extraterrestrial intelligence? Or even better, why not get your computer to do it for you? Over two million people have joined the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence(SETI)project. Based in California, the SETI project analyzes information taken from a giant radio telescope based in South America. Its task is to look for signals from outer space that might prove that life exists on other planets. Processing this information is far too big a job for one computer. So the SETI project workers divide the work among volunteers who visit their website. Each computer gets some information to work out from the SETI network through the Internet. This process is often known as "meta-computing". It is a wonderful thought. You are sleeping, eating a meal or going out with friends. All this time, your computer is searching the stars for signs that might show something is out there trying to get in touch. Volunteers are proud of being involved in the SETI project. It shows that they understand the potential of computing. They know that it is more than just a way of working or playing games. Meta-computing may also be creating intelligence as well as looking for _ . This idea is based on the theory that human intelligence is created by the way in which different parts of the brain communicate with each other. As the saying goes, "The whole is more than the sum of its parts." People who join the SETI project sometimes wonder whether their computer will become part of a huge network that has learned to think for itself. Which of the following shows the order in which the SETI network works? | [
"Radio telescope-SETI website-Volunteers' computer-SETI base",
"Radio telescope-SETI base-SETI website-Volunteers' computer",
"SETI base-SETI website-Volunteers' computers-Radio telescope",
"SETI base-Radio telescope-SETI website-Volunteers' computers"
] | B. Radio telescope-SETI base-SETI website-Volunteers' computer | mmlu_train |
aquarat_53230 | If a man reduces the selling price of a fan from 400 to 380 his loss increases by 20% .What is the cost price of fan | [
"300",
"400",
"500",
"600",
"700"
] | C. 500 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_57606 | Cancer is among the top killer diseases in our society today and scientists have found out that stress helps to bring it on. We need to consider, therefore, what are the causes of stress in our life, and whether we can do anything about them. Are we under-employed, or overburdened with too many responsibilities? Do we have a right balance of work and leisure in our lives? Are our relationships with family, friends or fellow workers all that they should be? All these things can be a cause of stress, and it is best to face them directly, and to bring our frustrations into the open. People who have a good _ and then forget it are doing their health more good than those who bottle up their feelings. If our self-examination has brought any causes of stress to light, let us consider what we can do about them. It is possible to change jobs. We can make more leisure and fill it more happily, if we will accept a different living standard. We can improve our personal relationships by a different attitude. It is we who allow other people to make ourselves unhappy. Often the little things that disturb us are not worth an hour's anger. The teaching in the Bible "Let not the sun go down upon your wrath " is good advice from the health point of view as well as religion. Which of the following is not mentioned as a way to reduce our stress? | [
"Changing our jobs.",
"Changing our attitude towards little things that make us unhappy.",
"Speaking out about our frustrations.",
"Reading the Bible."
] | D. Reading the Bible. | mmlu_train |
arc_easy_108 | Which of the following describes an instinctive behavior? | [
"a behavior that occurs only in adult fish",
"a behavior that occurs only in small mammals",
"a behavior that an animal learns how to do over time",
"a behavior that an animal is born knowing how to do"
] | D. a behavior that an animal is born knowing how to do | arc_easy |
mmlu_train_99439 | Shivering is when an animal creates heat by shaking to keep the body what? | [
"frozen",
"freezing",
"cold",
"agreeable temperature"
] | D. agreeable temperature | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_93965 | Which is an example of a decomposer? | [
"a hawk",
"a mouse",
"a flower",
"a mushroom"
] | D. a mushroom | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_52118 | Dear Editor: While a new school term is about to begin, perhaps we should reconsider the matter of examinations. In July, two writers(letters to the editor) praised the cancellation of exams because they believe "Tests don't tell the whole story". As a teacher who has worked in four countries, I have had the experience that a student who earns good marks is generally a good student, and a student's final mark in a subject is usually a grade average of the year's work. Of course there are expectations, but they do not have the frequency that would give an unfair picture of a student's ability. The simple fact is that proper class work; diligent exam studies and good marks are almost certain indicators of a student's future performance. The opposite is, almost certainly, incompetence. There is no acceptable substitute for competition of quality. How can teachers and future officials determine what a student has learned and remembered? Should we simply take the student's mark for it? Any institution that "liberates" students from fair and formal exams is misguided, if not ignorant and surely the "graduates " of such institutions will lack trustworthiness , not to mention being rejected by foreign universities for graduate or other studies. When all is said and done, I sense that a fear of failure and a fear of unpleasant comparison with others are at the bottom of most ban-exam talks. Excellence and quality fear nothing. On the contrary, they seek competition and desire the satisfaction of being the best. If a student graduated from a university which does not require exams, he would _ . | [
"have to continue his studies",
"not be admitted by foreign institutions",
"be incompetent",
"have a feeling of failure"
] | B. not be admitted by foreign institutions | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_14689 | Every year gray whales swim a 10,000 miles round-trip, from the cold waters near Alaska, down the coast of North America to the warm waters near Mexico, and back again. It is one of the longest migrations of any mammal. All day, all summer long, in the cold waters near Alaska, gray whales eat and eat. Instead of teeth, gray whales have baleen, they are used to getting food from ocean water. They get big mouthfuls of muck from the ocean floor, then push that muck right back out through their baleen. The mucky water flows through, but tiny animals get trapped in the baleen and _ . When the water starts to freeze, the whales begin their long trip south. They swim night and day, without stopping to eat or rest. During the long journey, migrating whales may push their heads out of the water to see where they are. Two months later, the whales reach Mexico. Babies are born here in warm, shallow waters called lagoons. Ocean lagoons have no food for the adults, but the babies are safer here than in the open seas. All winter the babies grow big and strong. In spring first the dads and teenagers leave the lagoons, then the moms with babies. Migrating gray whales swim close to shore, especially moms with babies. The ice is melting up north, and it's time for the hungry whales to make the long journey back to their summer feeding grounds. During their long journey to Mexico, gray whales _ . | [
"always swim under the ocean",
"find food to supply their energy",
"face the colder and colder water",
"travel to the lagoons without a break"
] | A. always swim under the ocean | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_27519 | Elderly people are growing healthier, happier and more independent, say American scientists. The results of a 14-year study to be announced later this month reveal that the diseases associated with old age are affecting fewer and fewer people and when they do suffer a stroke , it is much later in their life. In the last 14 years, the National Long-term Care Survey has gathered data on the health and lifestyles of more than 20,000 men and women over 65. Researchers, now analyzing the results of data gathered in 1994, say arthritis, high blood pressure and circulation problems -- the major medical complaints in this age group -- are troubling a smaller proportion every year. And the data confirms that the rate at which these diseases are declining continues to increase. Other diseases of old age -- dementia, strokes, arteriosclerosis and emphysema -- are also troubling fewer and fewer people. "It really raises the question of what should be considered normal ageing," says Kenneth Manton, a demographer from Duke University in North Carolina. He says the problems doctors accepted as normal in a 65-year-old in 1982 are often not appearing until people are 70 or 75. Clearly, certain diseases are beating a retreat in the face of medical advances. But there may be other contributing factors. Improvements in childhood nutrition in the first quarter of the twentieth century, for example, gave today's elderly people a better start in life than their former generations. On the downside, an increase in some cancers and bronchitis may reflect changing smoking habits and poorer air quality, say the researchers. "These may be subtle influences," says Manton, "but our subjects have been exposed to worse and worse pollution for over 60 years. It's not surprising we see some effect." One interesting correlation Manton uncovered is that better-educated people are likely to live longer. For example, 65-year-old women with fewer than eight years of schooling are expected, on average, to live to 82. Those who continued their education live an extra seven years. Although some of this can be attributed to a higher income, Manton believes it is mainly because educated people seek more medical attention. The survey also assessed how independent people over 65 were, and again found a striking trend. Almost 80% of those in the 1994 survey could complete everyday activities ranging from eating and dressing unaided to complex tasks such as cooking and managing their finances. That represents a significant drop in the number of disabled old people in the population. According to Manton, slowing the trend has saved the United States government's medicare system more than $200 billion, suggesting that the ageing of America's population may prove less of a financial burden than expected. But independence can have drawbacks. Scientists found that elderly people who felt emotionally isolated maintained higher levels of stress hormones even when asleep. The research suggests that older people live best when they feel independent but know they can get help when they need it. What makes demographers begin to wonder about the standard of normal ageing? | [
"People's growing healthier.",
"People's living longer.",
"The abnormally increasing population.",
"More deadly diseases' being curable."
] | A. People's growing healthier. | mmlu_train |
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