id stringlengths 9 18 | question stringlengths 4 4.81k | choices listlengths 2 13 | full_answer stringlengths 4 180 | dataset stringclasses 5
values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
aquarat_8959 | If half of 5 were 3, that would one-third of 10 be | [
"2",
"4",
"6",
"8",
"1"
] | B. 4 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_80970 | Good afternoon! I'm Alice. My last name is Smith. I'm in a red jacket. I'm in Xingfu Middle School. My phone number is 569-2679. This is Cindy Brown. She is my good friend. She is in a yellow jacket. She is in Xingfu Middle School, too. What's her phone number? It's 865-2397. Cindy is _ good friend. | [
"Alice's",
"Bob's",
"Grace's",
"Helen's"
] | A. Alice's | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_18996 | "Blogging is helping students to think and write more critically ,"says an Australian researcher, "and can help draw out people who would otherwise not engage in debate." These are the preliminary findings of PHD research by Anne Bartlett-Bragg, a lecturer at the University of Technology, Sydney, who has been using weblogs or blogs in her own teaching since 2001. "The students are thinking more critically." she says, "They are learning to be responsible and they're communicating outside the boundaries of the classroom and the institution, and they like that. "Bartlett-Bragg says in conventional teaching, students often rely on the lecturer as the main source of ideas and critique for their work. "I'm a bit over listening to my students giving me back in an essay what I've told them in class." she says. "I want them to think for themselves and get different perspectives." "What makes blogs useful is their interactive nature." she says. These web-based forums for discussing ideas, experiences or opinions allow students to discuss publicly what they are studying with other students and experts outside their own university. "I really encourage them to put their personal opinion in there, provided they are informed and backed up with evidence." Bartlett-Bragg says because a lot of academics in her field of electronic or e-learning now have their own blogs, students can engage directly with them. She says one of the most powerful facilities in weblogs is pinging, which involves a person positing a comment about someone else's work on their own blog. They use the "Trackback" tool to notify the author when they have published the comment, basically inviting them to discuss it. "They get such a buzz when they make a comment on another person outside the boundaries of the institution and that person responds, or even gives them some further reading." she says. "They are getting new perspectives that I can't give them in a normal lecture." What Bartlett-Bragg likes most is that blogs can help students to _ . | [
"think for themselves",
"have stronger sense of responsibility",
"know more about the world outside",
"finish an essay assignment easily"
] | A. think for themselves | mmlu_train |
arc_challenge_911 | Which food items can be broken down mostly into amino acids? | [
"spaghetti noodles",
"hamburger patties",
"apple slices",
"cucumber slices"
] | B. hamburger patties | arc_challenge |
arc_easy_219 | Which of these best defines the term "pollutant"? | [
"anything humans add to the atmosphere and oceans",
"any substance that is harmful to the environment",
"any substance that is a waste product of industry",
"a substance that does not break down over time"
] | B. any substance that is harmful to the environment | arc_easy |
mmlu_train_37774 | Humans may not have landed on Mars just yet, but that isn't stopping a European company from devising a plan to send four people to the Red Planet within the next few years. This project, called Mars One, aims to send a small group of people to Mars in 2022 and eventually establish a permanent colony on the planet. "Everything we need to go to Mars exists," said Mars One co-founder Bas Lansdorp in March 2014. "We have the rockets to send people to Mars, the equipment to land on Mars, the robots to prepare the settlement for humans. For a one-way mission, all the technology exists." Yet the four astronauts chosen for the trip will be stuck on Mars--forever. And despite Mars One's thorough planning, there are a number of challenges that may prevent the mission from ever taking place. The biggest road block could be the mission's huge cost ($6 billion). However, Lansdorp is confident that Mars One will be able to fund the project by selling the broadcast rights for the mission and subsequent experiences living on the planet. Those broadcast rights will also play a part in helping to select the people who will be sent to Mars. Lansdorp said the company will hold a selection process similar to a reality show. Lansdorp is expecting at least 1 million applications from people around the world. In addition to the cost, several other potential problems could inhibit the mission to Mars. "It's even more challenging to send people there with life support, with food, with air, with all the other things like books, entertainment, means of communication and of providing for their own resources for a long stay on Mars," said Adam Baker, senior lecturer in space engineering at Kingston University in London. "The size of the rockets you'd need to do this would be absolutely _ " According to Bas Lansdorp, which of the following is NOT TRUE? | [
"Robots are prepared for the settlement for humans.",
"He could not come up with the fund for Mars One.",
"We humans have the rockets to send people to Mars.",
"The equipment is ready for humans to land on Mars."
] | B. He could not come up with the fund for Mars One. | mmlu_train |
aquarat_48347 | Of the two square fields, the area of the one is 1 hectare, while anothe one is broader by 1%. There differences in area is: | [
"201 m",
"220 m",
"211 m",
"219 m",
"205 m"
] | A. 201 m (power) 2 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_51008 | NANJING -- Another human H7N9 case has been found in east China's Jiangsu Province, the provincial health department confirmed on January 31. The patient, a 75-year-old woman from the provincial capital of Nanjing, is in a critical condition. The case brings the number of infections in the province to eight this year. H7N9 has killed 19 in China this year, and the total number of human infections reached 96 on January 26, according to the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. With bird flu cases increasing on a daily basis, public concern over people-to-people transmission during Spring Festival is growing. Li Lanjuan, researcher at the Chinese Academy of Engineering and a specialist in H7N9 prevention, said so far there have not been any cases in which one person transmits the flu to another, and the latter transmits the virus to a third person. Her team has identified H7N9 virus mutations this year, but the _ are not large-scale. "Inter-human transmission is very unlikely," said Li, who added that the virus has not evolved to be extensively drug resistant. The National Health and Family Planning Commission said on Wednesday live poultry markets should close if any case of H7N9 avian flu is detected. The southern metropolis of Shenzhen has closed all live poultry markets until February 13 for a thorough cleaning. The city near Hong Kong has reported 14 human H7N9 cases since December 18. Live poultry trading has been halted in Hangzhou, Ningbo and Jinhua cities in Zhejiang, which reported the largest number of human H7N9 cases. China has stepped up research for an H7N9 vaccine in the face of the increasing threat from the virus. Beijing's Snovac Hotech Ltd.,which developed the A/H1N1 and H5N1 vaccines, said in a press release on Wednesday that it has completed preclinical studies of an H7N9 vaccine arid prepared several types for clinical testing. The company has submitted an application to the China Food and Drug Administration to start clinical trials. Which of the following may be the best title for the passage? | [
"China closes poultry markets.",
"Hospitals have prepared to treat H7N9 cases.",
"People should be careful of eating poultry.",
"Some people can easily be infected with H7N9"
] | A. China closes poultry markets. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_2082 | An air mass in a valley travels up a mountainside. What causes the movement of this air? | [
"tidal pull of the moon's gravity",
"evaporation of water from soil in the valley",
"warming by solar energy re-radiated from the ground",
"cooling effect of ice crystals in the air over the mountain"
] | C. warming by solar energy re-radiated from the ground | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_59753 | China's Ministry of Culture has recommended 10 cyber games that are suitable for minors to play as part of its drive to purify the on-line environment for the young. The 10 cyber games were selected by the ministry's on-line games censorship committee from scores of games recommended by the Chinese public.l The games are all domestic products. They include five role playing games (RPG), four recreation and chess games, and one educational game, such as "Warring States II Online," "Rainbow Island Online," and "Wonderlands of learning and games." These games have made their way into the final recommendation list because they are considered "healthy" and can "enhance intelligence," according to the ministry. The ministry hoped the list could serve a a guidance for parents to better direct their children in the winter vacation, which usually lasts nearly two months from January to February each year. This was the third time for the ministry to publish recommended cyber games list. The previous two were made public respectively in January 2006 and August 2005 with a total of 25 games inlisted. In the past few years, on- line games have become the favorite pastime of young people. However, it is argued that such social problems as game addiction, juvenile delinquency and perversion among minors by on-line violence and pornography have come from an inadequately regulated Internet. About 9.72 percent of Chinese netizens between the ages of 13 and 30 suffer Internet addiction, said a report issued last month by the China Youth Association for Network Development (CYAND). According to the China Internet Network Information Center (CINIC), the main Internet watchdog, China had 210million Internet users at the end of 2007 and its online population is on course to become the world's largest at the beginning of this year. Net users between 18 and 30 accounted for 49.9percent of the total users. Although the CINIC did not give the figure of those below 18, teenagers and youths have obviously taken up more than half of the total number of net users. And the number of users under age 18 increased rapidly last year, the CINIC noted. According to the passage, how many teenagers and youths become net users at the end of 2007? | [
"Mor than 105 million.",
"Less than 105 million.",
"About 210 million.",
"104.79 million."
] | A. Mor than 105 million. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_34541 | Online Communication In an age when technology moves faster than most can keep up with, a small group of people still remain in the time of old-fashioned letter. Frankly speaking, I was once certain that traditional letters could never be replaced by other means of communication. But a story about online communication changed my mind. An old man, who suffered a lot from Parkinson's disease, was not able to talk clearly and could hardly write his name. Living totally alone, he managed to keep in touch with nearly all the members of his family. How did he achieve this? He clicked out words on his computer keyboard. I, therefore, managed to get an E-mail box as soon as the opportunity came. My life changed. E-mail, and all online communication, is something truly different. It has capabilities that few other products can match. E-mail is convenient. It takes less time with its fast speed and 24-hour connection. The slow postal service is no match. If you wouldn't want to have a face-to-face talk with your manager, you might talk with him through E-mail even if you are in the same office. Naming all the good things about online communication is not easy. But wait. E-mail can be inconvenient. It can waste time and energy. Just think what may happen when you take a short vacation and return to find your e-mail box filled with 200 unread messages. You could easily spend half a day clearing _ ads. Then, online communication will keep us staying at our computer while it connects us to distant strangers. Once we throw ourselves into the machine, we may forget the human touches we once held so dear. I'm sure there is and always will be a place for the old-fashioned letter, phone call, and face-to-face meeting... even in the world of modern communication. As I listen to the sound of the modem , I was excited at stepping out to the outside world but, at the same time, I sensed a loss of control over something valuable in my personal life. What does the writer think of online communication? | [
"It should replace old-fashioned letters completely.",
"It is perfect and always does good to you.",
"It is extremely useful and convenient, but it may be inconvenient or even harmful.",
"It does more harm than good."
] | C. It is extremely useful and convenient, but it may be inconvenient or even harmful. | mmlu_train |
aquarat_4973 | Rs.1200 divided among P, Q and R. P gets half of the total amount received by Q and R. Q gets one-third of the total amount received by P and R. Find the amount received by R ? | [
"Rs. 1100",
"Rs. 500",
"Rs. 1200",
"Rs. 700",
"None of these"
] | B. Rs. 500 | aquarat |
arc_easy_68 | Which process drives most of the ATP synthesis in a chloroplast? | [
"flow of protons across an electrochemical gradient",
"flow of tRNA across an electrochemical gradient",
"exposure of ADP to electromagnetic waves",
"exposure of carbohydrates to electromagnetic waves"
] | A. flow of protons across an electrochemical gradient | arc_easy |
mmlu_train_97233 | A tiny daffodil is next to a large carnation. Bees looking for nectar will swarm | [
"the daffodil",
"a stick",
"a rock",
"the carnation"
] | D. the carnation | mmlu_train |
aquarat_33859 | In a stack of boards at a lumber yard, the 20th board counting from the top of the stack is immediately below the 17th board counting from the bottom of the stack. How many boards are in the stack? | [
"38",
"36",
"35",
"34",
"32"
] | C. 35 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_64495 | If you want to learn anything at school, you need to listen to your teachers. Unfortunately, millions of kids can't hear what their teachers are saying. And it's not because these students are _ . Often, it's the room's fault. Building architecture and building design can createecho -filled classrooms that make hearing difficult. Children with hearingimpairments suffer most from noisy classrooms. They sometimes can't hear questions that other students ask in class. Compared with kids with healthy hearing, they have a harder time picking up new vocabulary words by hearing them in talking. Even kids with normal hearing have a harder time in the classroom when there's too much noise. Younger children in particular have trouble separating important sounds - like a teacher's voice - from background noise. Kids with learning disabilities and speechimpediments and kids for whom English is a second language also have a harder time learning in noisy situations. In recent years, scientists who study sound have been asking schools to reduce background noise, which may include loud air-conditioners and pipes. They're also targeting outdoor noises, such as highway traffic. Noise reduction is a big deal. Why? Because quieter classrooms might make you smarter by letting you hear your lessons better. "It's so obvious that we should have quiet rooms that allow for access to the lesson," says Dan Ostergren, a hearing scientist. "Sometimes it surprises me that we spend so much time discussing this topic. I just want to go. Why is this hard for anyone to grasp?" What would be the best title for the passage? | [
"Classroom design",
"Noisy classrooms",
"The sense of hearing",
"Disabled kids"
] | B. Noisy classrooms | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_45307 | An eight-year-old Arthur Gonzaga from Minas Gerais, Brazil has taken the Internet by a storm, as first reported by TheHuffingtonPost, with his online YouTube series videos "Arthur Gourmand". And while it would not be a far stretch of the imagination to assume an 8-year-old's cooking show would be filled with dishes like pizza and burgers, Arthur's show actually features recipes like fruit salad a la creme de passion fruit and filet mignon . The idea to record Arthur's cooking adventures on YouTube was rooted in the young chef's leukemia diagnosis in August 2013.Treatment and recovery for the cancer left the young boy in the hospital for the second half of the year and Aruthur was even forced to spend Christmas Eve in the emergency room of So Paulo's A.C. Camargo Cancer Center. That's when his family--father Renato Gonzaga and stepmother Priscila Inserra--decided that Arthur should create something positive that would distract him from his health. The videos, which are filmed in the kitchen of a friend of the family, are in Portuguese. They show Arthur walking the viewers through a step-by-step process of the entire recipe--from preparation to cooking. Occasionally, viewers can see Arthur's father serving as his son's _ , passing ingredients and following his lead. Fluent in Portuguese or not, viewers can immediately notice Arthur's optimistic and friendly personality. It is perhaps these qualities that have given the young rising Internet star almost 5,000 likes on his Facebook Fan Page. There are currently three videos on YouTube and according to his most recent Facebook post, the young boy will be taking suggestions for his next video. Fortunately, according to what Inserra told TheHuffingtonPost, Arthur is responding well to his treatments and is on his path to recovery. "The secret of life is to let it take you, to have fun and to know how to turn lemons into lemonade ," wrote her family, fittingly, on their most recent Facebook post. Hats off to Arthur, who truly serves as a shining example of how to turn lemons into lemonade. Arthur Gourmand is a name of _ . | [
"the boy",
"the boy's illness",
"a newspaper",
"the boy's cooking show"
] | D. the boy's cooking show | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_68738 | Hi!I'm Lucy. I am a student in Class 5,Grade 7.I have a big schoolbag. It is blue and red. The price is Y=88.1.have a nice pencil box in it. It is Y=10.Its color is white. I bought it in a store. There are four pencils and one pen. Each pencil is Y=1 and the pen is Y=12.My eraser is yellow. The price is Y=2.My ruler is orange and very long. I like them very much. I study very hard. I am in Grade _ . | [
"One",
"Seven",
"Three",
"Five"
] | B. Seven | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_5248 | When Jean Calment entered the world in 1875, telephones and automobiles still lay in the future. Albert Einstein and Pablo Picasso were not yet born. The Eiffel Tower was 14 years from being built. As a teenager, she met Vincent Van Gogh, near her home in Arles, in the south of France. He was "very ugly, ungracious, impolite, sick--I forgive him, they called him loco." She recalled. When she died last week at age 122, she was the world's oldest person. (There were others who claimed to the title, but only Calment had the official documents to prove her age) Each February 21, her birthday, she would share the secrets of long life. Some years it was "a sense of humor", others it was "keeping busy". "God may have forgotten me," she once explained. The truth probably was that she had good genes. Her mother reportedly lived to be 86 and her father 94. Her life had its sadness: she outlived her husband, her only daughter and her grandson. According to a friend, she was _ "If you can't do anything about it," she reportedly said, "don't worry about it." In her last years she was nearly blind and deaf, but her health remained good. She ate a few bars of chocolate each week and continued smoking until a few years ago, when she could no longer light her own cigarettes. She never lost her sense of humor. On her 110thbirthday, she commented, "I have only ever had one wrinkle, and I am sitting on it." Her longevity made her famous. Her spirits made her eternal The author believes that Calment's longevity is mainly due to _ . | [
"a sense of humor",
"being kept busy",
"belief in God",
"good genes"
] | D. good genes | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_35088 | The health and welfare of every person in America will be affected by global warming, especially children, the elderly and the poor, according to a new White House science report. The report said every region of the country will suffer worse health from heat waves and drought. _ It predicts an increase in diseases spread by tainted food, bad water and bugs . The report concludes that climate change causes real risk to human health and human system that supports the way of life in the United States. Man-made global warming is caused by greenhouse gases from the burning of fossil fuels. At current emission levels, global temperatures are likely to rise by about 2 degrees by midcentury and about 7.5 degrees by the end of the century. The most vulnerable Americans -- the poor, elderly, sick, very young and immigrants -- will suffer more. That's at least 10 percent of the country's population, probably more. It will be tougher for these people to get enough health care for climate-related illnesses, to cool down in heat waves, to escape extreme events such as Hurricane Katrina, and even to get enough food. While every region of America is vulnerable to global warming's health and welfare effects, more people are moving to coastal regions, which are most vulnerable to climate change because of drought and hurricanes. The writer wrote this passage to _ . | [
"explain how the phenomenon of global warming forms",
"protect the vulnerable Americans from suffering from diseases",
"provide evidence that global warming and climate change risk human's health",
"warn every American of the danger of global warming to their health"
] | D. warn every American of the danger of global warming to their health | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_13697 | Scientists Alan M.Goldberg and Thomas Hartung describe recent advances in replacing the use of animals in toxicology testing.Improvements in cell and tissue culture technologies,for example,allow a growing number of tests to be performed on human cells alone.Computer models are becoming increasingly complex and many could one day become more accurate than trials in living animals. Since the late 1990s,Huntingdon Life Sciences--a company that conducts testing of substances on animals conducted by the Environmental Protection Agency and the Food and Drug Administration--has become a proving ground for aggressive strategies by animal-rights militants .At a hearing,a Senate.committee listened to testimony against Huntingdon employees and financial institutions providing services to the company.One experimentation witness at the hearing insisted that any means necessary were justified to spare animals' lives;he has previously accepted the idea of murder to that end. Use of animals in testing and in biomedical research continues to be necessary in many instances and is ethically preferable to experimenting on humans or giving up cures that could save human lives.But for the sake of people and animals alike,the development and acceptance of animal substitutes deserve enthusiastic support. In some instances, substitutes are already thought as good or better than animals,but supervising agencies have yet to catch up.In both the European Union and the U.S.,scientists and companies wanting to use the new alternative tests complain that regulatory standards for proving a drug or chemical to be safe for humans force the continued use of animals.Thus,animal-loving Americans might turn to persuading the EPA and the FDA to speed validation of new methods so that they can be more widely employed.And animal advocates who want to influence business could consider investing in the small biotech's and large pharmaceutical companies that are working to develop alternatives to animals in research. _ plays a leading role in replacing the use of animals in testing. | [
"Huntingdon Life Sciences",
"Improvement in technologies",
"Animal-fights militants",
"Scientists Alan and Thomas"
] | B. Improvement in technologies | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_18514 | There is a discovery that students who rely on working at night to improve their grades might want to sleep on that strategy: a new survey in the US says those who never study all night have slightly higher grades than those who do. A survey of 120 students at St. Lawrence University found that students who have never pulled an all-nighter on average have higher grades than those who have. The survey found those who did not study through the night had a grade point average of 3.2 compared to 2.95 for those who have. The study, by assistant professor of psychology Pamela Thacher, is to be included in the January issue of Behavioral Sleep Medicine. "It's not a big difference, but it's pretty striking," Thacher said. "I am primarily a sleep researcher and I know nobody thinks clearly at 4 in the morning. You think you do, but you can't." Many college students, of course, have inadequate or irregular sleep, for reasons ranging from excessive caffeine to poor time management. "A lot of students were under the impression that all-nighters were a very useful tool for accomplishing work, that caffeine intake was very useful in meeting deadlines and stuff like that," said Chatani, who had a 3.4 grade point average last term. Dr Howard Weiss, a physician at St. Peter's Sleep Center in Albany, said the study results make sense. "Certainly that data is out there showing that short sleep duration ly interferes with concentration, interferes with performance on objective testing," he said. Some night owls do get good grades, of course, which may be explained by circadian rhythms , Weiss said. Some people have different 24-hour body clocks than others, and may do better depending on class and testing times, Weiss said. According to Thacher's study, around 4 o'clock in the morning is a time when _ . | [
"one can think more clearly",
"one has his/her best memory",
"one can't learn efficiently",
"one's brain falls into a period of deep sleep"
] | C. one can't learn efficiently | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_61954 | Whether it's for a hobby or profession, photography has always been highly valued. Photography has been around for over a hundred years, but what has recently revolutionized it is digital photography. A digital camera looks like a film camera, but it works differently. A digital camera takes pictures or a video by using a CCD sensor instead of film. The data about the images are electronically saved on a flash card. Later on, the flash card can be removed from the camera and put into a card reader. The card reader can be plugged into a computer's USB port. The images and videos can then be saved on a computer for viewing, editing, emailing, or printing. Digital photography received a great deal of criticism in its beginning stages, but with its continued development, it is now capable of producing images of a quality that is similar to. or even better, than that of film photographs. However, what really makes digital photography attractive is its convenience and low cost. Instead of having to go to a lab and waiting to get pictures developed to see what they look like, you can always view the images or-video on the LCD screen that is on the back of the camera. Not only does this feature save time, but it also prevents common mistakes like using a wrong exposure( ) that could ruin an image or video. With the usage of computer programs like Photoshop, more serious photographers can edit their images without the expense of a darkroom. Digital photography is also friendlier to the environment, as harmful chemicals that are needed in the development of film are not used in digital photography. Printing only the best pictures and not having to buy film make digital photography much cheaper. Which is NOT a reason why digital photography is eco-friendly? | [
"Harmful chemicals are not needed in developing pictures.",
"Pictures are printed with a computer instead of films.",
"Photographers don't have to work in a darkroom.",
"Digital cameras produce pictures as good as film cameras."
] | D. Digital cameras produce pictures as good as film cameras. | mmlu_train |
aquarat_35353 | Each of the dogs in a certain kennel is a single color. Each of the dogs in the kennel either has long fur or does not. Of the 45 dogs in the kennel, 26 have long fur, 30 are brown, and 8 are neither long-furred nor brown. How many long-furred dogs are brown? | [
"26",
"19",
"11",
"8",
"6"
] | B. 19 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_40762 | Chicken soup has long been a comfort food for people with cold symptoms. Whether the remedy comes from the warmth and comfort of the soup or from actual cold-fighting ingredients in the meal, it is still up for debate. Chicken Soup: Just the Evidence _ The heat, salt, and hydration provided by chicken soup may actually fight the cold virus. Laboratory studies have shown that ingredients of chicken soup with vegetables could kill viral cells and prevent the growth of new ones. The soup may also provide an anti-inflammatory effect that helps reduce cold symptoms. Unfortunately, the benefits of chicken soup appear to be limited by how quickly the soup leaves the body. There is no indication that chicken soup would help in the prevention of colds, but its use as a remedy for symptoms is common. It is largely a safe remedy with no ill side effects, and scientific evidence points more in favor of its cold-fighting properties than against it. The Downside of Chicken Soup Evidence in support of chicken soup's antiviral properties is not yet solid enough to prove true, reliable medicinal effects. Although the evidence based on personal experiences and existing research seem to support a good effect of chicken soup, a clinical trial would be very difficult to perform. In addition, some people with food allergies or sensitivities to salt may experience ill side effects from chicken soup. Unbroken bones may also lead to a chocking risk, particularly for children. However, the potential benefits of chicken soup seem to far outweigh the possible risks. What's the author's opinion on chicken soup? | [
"It is good for people with colds to have chicken soup.",
"Scientists have found solid evidence about the benefits of chicken soup.",
"Chicken soup can take the place of other medicines for colds.",
"People still argue whether chicken soup has effects on cold symptoms."
] | A. It is good for people with colds to have chicken soup. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_67222 | Experts recently suggested that teens should start adopting early bedtimes. Before you dismiss it as a habit suited only for young kids, consider that there are serious advantages in being well-rested. And now, even more research suggests that putting phones away before going to sleep is important to teens' well-being. A new study from Seton Hall University School of Health and Medicine Science found that 62 percent of kids used their smart phones before bed, and it's causing less sleep and poor performance in school. Those teens who text before bedtime tend to go to sleep later, and get up later in the morning. Such behavior can be associated with mental health issues like depression or anxiety. Besides, once teens do receive a text, experts found, they tend to respond right away. Then the text conversation continues -- resulting in an even later bedtime. The study's co-author Dr. Peter Polos says this leads to excessive stimulation at night. Light from electronic devices can block the secretion of melatonin -- a hormone that promotes sleep, which makes sleep difficult in the face of overuse of smart phones at night. It's true! More screen time means less sleep time; other studies have suggested the same idea. As for a final piece of advice, Dr. Sushanth Bhat says, since getting the proper amount of sleep is very important for brain development and learning in the teenage years, our study should encourage parents and guardians to limit adolescent smart phone usage at night. Keep in mind that teens aren't the only ones addicted to their phones! Adults can also benefit from setting a tech curfew for themselves. After all, kids learn by example! Who are likely to go to sleep later according to the text? | [
"Kids having text conversations before bed.",
"Kids putting their phones away at night.",
"Kids studying their lessons hard at school.",
"Kids exercising with friends after school."
] | A. Kids having text conversations before bed. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_2358 | A child rides a wagon down a hill. Eventually, the wagon comes to a stop. Which is most responsible for causing the wagon to stop? | [
"gravity acting on the wagon",
"friction acting on the wagon",
"the mass of the wagon",
"the mass of the child"
] | B. friction acting on the wagon | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_56689 | As many as one in five US teenagers have some degree of hearing loss, according to researchers. They say the problem is growing. "Teenagers really don't pay attention to how much noise they are exposed to ," Josef Shargorodsky of Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston told Reuters. "Often people won't notice it, but even very little hearing loss may influence language development," said Shargorodsky, one of the researchers. The study compared surveys from the early 1990s and the mid-2000s. Each included a few thousand teenagers. In the first survey, about 15 percent of teenagers had some degree of hearing loss. Some 15 years later, that number had risen by a third, to nearly 20 percent. "This certainly is big news," said Alison Grimes, an ear doctor. "Hearing loss is very common in old people," Grimes said, but she added that it was worrying to see it happen in the younger age group. In babies and young children, hearing problems are known to slow language development. The science is less clear for teenagers, but it is easy to imagine how being hard of hearing could influence learning, said Grimes. The reasons for the rise are still unclear. When researchers asked teenagers about noise exposure - on the job, at school or from activities, for example - the teenagers didn't report any change. But Shargorodsky said that might not be true. "We know from before that it is difficult to ask this age group about noise exposure - _ " Few people would call it noise when they listen to music on their MP3 player, for example. "There is a difference between what we think is loud and what is harmful to the ear," said Grimes. Although it's not clear that the MP3 players cause teenagers' hearing loss, Grimes said it was still a good idea to turn down the sound and take short breaks from listening. The writer advises teenagers _ . | [
"to turn the sound down",
"to stop using MP3 players",
"to be clear about the problem",
"to report the change in hearing loss"
] | A. to turn the sound down | mmlu_train |
aquarat_39286 | 8796 x 223 + 8796 x 77 = ? | [
"2736900",
"2738800",
"2658560",
"2716740",
"None of them"
] | B. 2738800 | aquarat |
arc_easy_892 | A drinking water reservoir for a small town develops a blue-green algae bloom. The town hires a company to eliminate the problem. Which of the following should the company investigate first as a likely source of the problem? | [
"a pit where granite is ground up into gravel",
"a neighborhood where lawn chemicals are used",
"a junkyard where old cars are salvaged for parts",
"a grain elevator where corn and soybeans are stored"
] | B. a neighborhood where lawn chemicals are used | arc_easy |
aquarat_25736 | There are three foam generators in the factory, each of the first two can generate 14 liters of foam in one hour and the third can generate 18 liters in an hour. The three generators start working together at the same time and after one hour and a half one of the first generators stops working and two hours after that the third generator stops working and only one generator is left. If 5 hours after they all started to work the last generator stops working, how many liters of foam were generated? | [
"120.",
"132.",
"146.",
"154.",
"166"
] | D. 154. | aquarat |
aquarat_46159 | Rajesh can finish 1/5 of his home work in one hour. Seema can finish 3/7 of
her homework in 90 minutes and Ramya can finish 3/4 of her homework in
three and a half hours. If all of them start their home work at 12.00 PM and can
go to play as soon as they all finish their homework. When can they start to
play, if they take a break at 3.30 PM for 30 minutes? | [
"4:30pm",
"5:30pm",
"6:30pm",
"5:10pm",
"3:30pm"
] | B. 5:30pm | aquarat |
mmlu_train_40185 | Laughter Yoga is one form of yoga. Madan Kataria, a doctor in Mumbai, India invented it. He believed that people had forgotten how to really laugh. Through his research he made an interesting discovery. The human mind does not know the difference between forced laughter and real laughter. Forced laughter can also lead to a feeling of happiness. And then Kataria had the idea for a group of people who would laugh together. He gathered a few of his friends together. They met in a public park in Mumbai. That small group grew and grew! And this is how people began to do Laughter Yoga. People doing Laughter Yoga usually meet together in a Laughter Club. Kataria's friends formed the first Laughter Club in 1995. Today, there're over 5,000 Laughter Clubs in 53 countries. But what exactly do people do in a Laughter Club? People in Laughter Yoga meetings usually do a series of exercises. The exercises include body movement, correct breathing, and of course, laughter! At the beginning of the meeting, people may have to force themselves to laugh. But by the end, everyone is usually laughing in a real way! Each meeting is a little different. But there are common exercises groups may do. Experts say that the exercises help blood move around the body faster. They also say that Laughter Yoga helps people deal with the bad things in their lives. They say that a person may go into a Laughter Club meeting feeling sad, angry, or worried. But then, people act happy. After a time, forced laughter becomes real laughter. This is one reason why people may enjoy laughter Yoga so much Before 1995, people did Laugter Yoga _ . | [
"to make friends",
"to laugh at each other",
"in a public park",
"in a Laugter Club"
] | C. in a public park | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_35258 | You know eating fruit and vegetables is virtuous. But did you know it can also make you look good? People who increased their intake over just six weeks developed a healthy glow and appeared more attractive, researchers found. Scientists at St Andrews University found eating them subtly increased yellow and red pigments in the volunteers' skin. They monitored the food intake of 35 people and took pictures of their faces, arms and hands using a sensitive camera at the start, and after three and six weeks. Increasing their intake of greens by 2.9 portions a day was found to make the person look healthier and an extra 3.3 portion could enhance their attractiveness, when their photographs were rated by others. Fruit and vegetables are rich in carotenoids , which are known to protect against cell damage from pollution and UV rays, and can also prevent age-related diseases including heart disease and cancer. But while it was known eating extreme amounts of certain vegetables such as carrots could turn skin orange, it was not known a small increase was perceptible to others and was seen as _ . A camera measured changes to the skin's redness, yellowness and lightness, and found it significantly changed in people who naturally increased their intake. These changes were not evident at three weeks. Using light sensors, the researchers showed these red and yellow hues(,) were linked with the levels of carotenoids in their skin. There are hundreds of carotenoids but those thought to have the most dramatic effect are lycopene which gives tomatoes and red peppers their red color1 - and beta-carotene found in carrots as well as broccoli, squash, and spinach. Skin color1 is also affected by chemicals called polyphenols , found in apples, blueberries and cherries, which cause blood rush to the skin surface. The purpose of the article is to _ . | [
"tell people a new discovery",
"advise people to eat more fruit and vegetables",
"introduce a way to protect skin",
"list the functions of carotenoids to skin"
] | A. tell people a new discovery | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_88761 | Many cultures have different ideas about why people catch colds. For example in the United States, some people think that you can catch a cold if your feet get cold. So, mothers tell small children to wear warm boots in the winter. In other places, including parts of the Middle East, some people believe that strong winds cause colds. So, on trains and buses, people usually don't like to sit next to open windows. In parts of Europe, some people think that wearing wet clothes will give you a cold. They say that after you go swimming, you should quickly put on dry clothes. Today, scientists know that colds are caused by a virus . But the old ideas are still very strong, and many _ . According to the reading, which of the following is NOT true? | [
"There are many different ideas about how people catch colds.",
"Scientists don't know how people catch colds.",
"Some people think that wearing wet clothes gives you a cold.",
"In the U.S., many small children wear boots in winter."
] | B. Scientists don't know how people catch colds. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_50820 | Tim Berners-Lee is the man who wrote the software program that led to the foundation of the World Wide Web. Britain played an important part in developing the first generation of computers. The parents of Tim Berners-Lee both worked on one of the earliest commercial computers and talked about their work at home. As a child he would build models of computers from packing material. After graduating from Oxford University he went on to the real thing. In the 1980s, scientists were already communicating using a primitive version of e-mail. While working at a laboratory in Switzerland, Tim Berners-Lee wrote a program, which let him store these messages. This gave him another idea: write a program that will let academics from across the world share information on a single place. In 1990 he wrote the HTTP and HTML programs which form the basis of the World Wide Web. The next year his programs were placed on to the Internet. Everyone was welcome to use them and improve them if they could. Programmers used this codes to work with different operating systems. New things like web browsers and search engines were developed. Between 1991 and 1994 the number of web pages rose from 10 to 100,000. In 1994 Tim Berners-Lee formed the newly formed World Wide Web consortium , or W3C. More than 200 leading companies and laboratories are represented by W3C. Together they make sure that everyone can share equally on the web. "The Web can help people to understand the way that others live and love. It helps us understand the humanity of people." he says. Which of the following is NOT true? | [
"The number of web pages rose rapidly in the 1990s.",
"Tim's programs were placed on to the Internet in 1990.",
"The World Wide Web will have an effect on the social development.",
"Tim Berners-Lee made a great contribution to the computer science."
] | B. Tim's programs were placed on to the Internet in 1990. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_42272 | It's a popular belief that a fish's memory lasts for only seven seconds. It may seem sad to think that they don't remember what they've eaten or where they've been, and they don't recognize you or any of their friends -- every moment in their life would be like seeing the world for the first time. But don't be so quick to feel sorry for them. A new study has found that fish have a much better memory than we used to think. In fact, certain species of fish can even remember events from as long as 12 days ago. In the study, researchers from MacEwan University in Canada trained a kind of fish called African cichlids to go to a certain area of their tank to get food. They then waited for 12 days before putting them back in the tank again. Researchers used computer software to monitor the fish's movements. They found that after such a long break the fish still went to the same place where they first got food. This suggested that they could remember their past experiences. In fact, scientists had been thinking for a long time that African cichlids might have a good memory. An earlier study showed that they behaved aggressively in front of certain fish, perhaps because they remembered their past "fights". But until the latest findings, there was no clear evidence. Just as a good memory can make our lives easier, it also plays an important part when a fish is trying to survive in the wild. "If fish are able to remember that a certain area contains safe food, they will be able to go back to that area without putting their lives at risks," lead researcher Trevor Hamilton toldLive Science. For a long time, fish were placed far below chimpanzees, dolphins and mice on the list of smart animals. But this study has given scientists a new understanding of their intelligence. According to the article, people used to believe that _ . | [
"fish could only remember part of their past experiences",
"fish could remember things that happened 12 days ago",
"a fish's memory lasted for only seven minutes",
"fish didn't recognize any of their friends"
] | D. fish didn't recognize any of their friends | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_85980 | Today there are 6.4 billion people on the earth. By the year 2050 there may be 12.5 billion . There are a lot of people to feed. We need more and more food. One way to produce more food is growing stronger plants. For thousands of years, farmers have made plants better. Every season, they pick the best plants for the next season. It works very slowly. Since 1983, scientists have been able to change plants more quickly by changing their genetic material. Foods from plants grown in this way are called genetically modified foods, or GM foods By changing the genetic material of a plant, it is possible to make new plants. They make plants which are strong against plant diseases. They can also help in our diseases; a kind of rice is being prepared , for example , which stops people becoming blind. Rich countries produce GM foods because they are easy to grow and bring in more money. Poor countries are interested in them because they help produce more food. GM plants are not natural. No one knows how good or bad they are,. Making GM foods is only one way of feeding people in 2050. There are strong feelings against them, because they are unnatural. They may feed people , then hurt them or their children later. But both rich and poor countries are interested in their use, and they are not going to go away. In 2050, we may think differently about them. GM foods are made by _ . | [
"farmers",
"workers",
"scientists",
"plants"
] | C. scientists | mmlu_train |
arc_easy_1044 | In which pair of elements are both metalloids? | [
"Sn and Sb",
"Sb and Te",
"Te and I",
"I and Xe"
] | B. Sb and Te | arc_easy |
arc_easy_82 | A student states that plants grow taller when grown in natural light than they do in artificial light. Which method is the best way to determine if the statement is fact or opinion? | [
"conduct a controlled experiment",
"discuss the statement with other students",
"ask several teachers their thoughts",
"propose a scientific conclusion"
] | A. conduct a controlled experiment | arc_easy |
arc_easy_1906 | Which of the statements is the most accurate in describing the chemical equation shown below? 2H_{2}(g) + O_{2}(g) -> 2H_{2}O(g) + energy | [
"A solid is produced.",
"Energy is released.",
"Energy is absorbed.",
"Equal numbers of molecules are on both sides of the arrow."
] | B. Energy is released. | arc_easy |
mmlu_train_80349 | One day, I had a bad toothache. I couldn't eat anything. So I went to see the dentist. " What's wrong with your teeth? " asked the dentist. " I have a toothache. " I told him. " Let me see your teeth ...... Um, there's a hole in one of the teeth. Do you eat a lot of sweet food? " The dentist asked me. " Yes, I do. I often eat ice cream, biscuits, chocolate and I often drink cola and milk with sugar, " I told him. " All these are bad for your teeth. You must eat less sweet food and brush your teeth at least twice every day. Now let me fill your bad tooth. " Which of the following is true ? | [
"The dentist filled all the writer's bad teeth.",
"The dentist didn't fill the writer's bad teeth.",
"The dentist pulled the writer's bad tooth out.",
"The dentist filled the writer's bad tooth."
] | D. The dentist filled the writer's bad tooth. | mmlu_train |
aquarat_5180 | A fair price shopkeeper takes 10% profit on his goods. He lost 60% goods during theft. His loss percent is: | [
"72%",
"42%",
"56%",
"12%",
"22%"
] | C. 56% | aquarat |
aquarat_18883 | If the sides of a triangle are 26 cm, 24 cm and 10 cm, what is its area? | [
"120 cm2",
"176 cm2",
"112 cm2",
"166 cm2",
"167 cm2"
] | A. 120 cm2 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_8168 | It is reported that conservation groups in North America have been arguing about the benefits and dangers of wolves. Some groups believe wolves should be killed. Other people believe wolves must be protected so that they will not disappear from the wilderness For Killing Wolves In Alaska,the wolf almost disappeared a few years ago,because hunters were killing hundreds of them for sport. However.1aws were established to protect the wolves from sportsmen and people who catch the animals for their fur.So the wolf population has greatly increased. Now there are so many wolves that they are destroying their own food supply. A wolf naturally eats animals in the deer family. People in the wilderness also hunt deer for food.Many of the animals have been destroyed by the very cold winters recently and by changes in the wilderness plant life.When the deer can't find enough food,they die. If the wolves continue to kill large numbers of deer,their prey will disappear some day.And the wolves will.too.So we must change the cycle of life in the wilderness to balance the ecology.If we killed more wolves,we would save them and their prey from dying out.We'd also save some farm animals. In another northern state,wolves attack cows and chickens for food.Farmers want the government to send biologists to study the problem.They believe it necessary to kill wolves in some areas and to protect them in places where there is a small wolf population. Against Killing Wolves If you had lived long ago,you would have heard many different stories about the dangerous wolf.According to most stories,hungry wolves often kill people for food.Even today,the stories of the "big bad wolf'"will not disappear. But the fact is wolves are afraid of people.and they seldom travel in areas where there is a human smell.When wolves eat other animals,they usually kill the very young.or the sick and injured .The strongest survive .No kind of animal would have survived through the centuries if the weak members had lived.And has always been a law of nature. Although some people say it is good sense to kill wolves,we say it is nonsense! Researchers have found wolves and their prey living in balance.The wolves keep the deer population from becoming too large, and that keeps a balance in the wilderness plant life. The real problem is that the areas where wolves can live are being used by people.Even if wilderness land is not used directly for human needs.the wolves can't always find enough food .So they travel to the nearest source, which is often a farm.Then there is danger.The "big bad wolf" has arrived! And everyone knows what happens next. Some people are against killing wolves because _ . | [
"wolves help to keep the ecological balance in the wideness",
"there is too small a wolf population in the wilderness",
"there are too many deer in the wilderness",
"wolves are afraid of people and never attack people"
] | A. wolves help to keep the ecological balance in the wideness | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_80497 | Leopards live in many parts of the world, from Siberia to Africa. They have a very beautiful yellow skin with large black spots. They live for about 15 years and eat small mammals such as zebras, monkeys, and antelopes .They sleep for about 12 hours a day . Leopards are very solitary animals. They spend most of their time alone in trees, where they wait until a small animal passes. They jump on the animal and then drag it up into the tree, where they eat it. Like many animals, leopards are disappearing because people hunt them. They kill them for their beautiful coats. The Sinai leopard, for example, from Egypt, is now probably extinct . Which is not true ? | [
"Leopards have beautiful fur",
"Leopards eat animals and plants",
"Leopards sleep 12 hours a day",
"The Sinai leopard probably extinct"
] | B. Leopards eat animals and plants | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_51535 | Electricity, like clean water, is a resource that's often taken for granted. But last summer, when blackouts struck much of the northeastern US, Ontario and Rome, consumers on two continents were given a painful reminder of just how easily broken electricity supplies can be. The massive disorder stranded commuters, stopped freezers, shut down businesses and refocused attention on where most of the planet's power comes from:oil-and-gas-fired generators and nuclear plants, These sources not only pollute the environment but also make many consumers feel unacceptable health risks. Companies are trying to offer an alternative, clean energy from renewable resources that's plentiful and portable. Lifton's Medis Technologies, as well as companies like Hydrogenics and Nanosys, is tapping into fuel cells and dolor panels to give people power whenever and wherever they want it, free from dependence on local grids . The search for alternative energy is nothing new, but the current trend of innovators is focusing on the goal of making clean and sustainable power a mainstream commodity. For example, the fuel cell, which produces electricity from the chemical reaction between oxygen and hydrogen, has been around for about 150 years, though its commercial development did not begin until the 1960s and then only as part of NASA spacecraft. Today this technology is coming down to Earth in places like Tokyo; in nine European cities, from Stockholm to Porto, each operating three hydrogen-fuel-cell buses; and in Iceland, which is trying to create the first fuel free hydrogen economy by 2030. When hydrogen and oxygen molecules combine, the reaction produces heat and water. Fuel cells use this reaction to generate electricity. With the cell phone and gadget market in mind, Medis has developed a fuel cell with cheap components that produces little heat and effortlessly reduces waste water without turning to energy consuming pumps. What is the passage mainly about? | [
"The future of alternative energy",
"How the fuel cells works",
"People's search for alternative energy",
"The damage done by the blackout last summer."
] | C. People's search for alternative energy | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_53385 | Every day, about one-quarter of American adults eat at fast-food restaurants. Cheap, tasty, and convenient, fast food is rich in fat and calories, and it's low in fiber and nutrients. Thanks in large part to fast food, half of America's adults and one-quarter of its children are fat, double the rate of a generation ago. In the past two decades, eating habits have changed as people pay more attention to their health. However, many Americans continue to eat red meat (beef in particular) as well as pork, chicken and other foods. Although beer and wine are popular in most areas, many Americans _ alcohol, because they think they will become healthier without drinking it. Various kinds of mineral water are commonly available. Eating styles and habits vary between people of different backgrounds, but Americans generally eat with the fork in the hand with which they write. A knife is used for cutting and spreading; otherwise, it is laid on the plate or table. Fast foods, such as chips, fried chicken, hamburgers, and pizza, tend to be eaten with the fingers. There is an obvious difference between what people may do at home or in a fast-food restaurant, and how they act in a more formal restaurant. Because both parents often work outside the home, some Americans are less likely to sit down as a family to eat once the children are older and able to prepare their own food or serve themselves. How many adults became fat after eating fast foods a generation ago? | [
"12.5% of them",
"25% of them",
"50% of them",
"75% of them"
] | B. 25% of them | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_50835 | Donald Watson was a man who thought very much about the food he ate. He was born in yorkshire, England , in September 1910. And he died in November 2005, at the age of 95. That is a very great age. Watson explained that it was because he never ate any food from animals. When he was a boy , Watson stayed on a farm. .He loved to see the animals. He said that they gave so much to people. And all the animals were so friendly. Then , one day , he saw a man killing a pig . He was very sad. . From then on, Watson decided that he would never again eat meat . Twenty years later he decided that he wouldn't eat anything from animals, such as milk, cheese or eggs. He became vegan . Watson formed a group called "The Vegan Society". In its newspaper, The Vegan Society thought it was terrible and wrong to eat food from animals. At first, there were not many people who agreed with him . They thought it was crazy to do _ .Most people thought it was too difficult and unhealthy. However, over time , more and more people began to agree with Watson and The Vegan Society. People become vegans for many reasons. Watson and his friend stopped eating because they loved animals. They believed that it was wrong to hurt another living thing . Now, people also become vegans for environmental reasons. Keeping animals takes a lot of resources , including water and food. Also, in some places, people are cutting down trees to create more land for cows. By avoiding food from animals, vegans hope to protect these forest areas. Finally, just like Watson, some people believe that being a vegan is healthier. They believe that food from animals causes heart problems, a high body weight and many other health problems. We know from the text that Watson _ . | [
"lived a very long life",
"refused to eat meat at 20",
"helped kill a pig on a farm",
"enjoyed good food very much"
] | A. lived a very long life | mmlu_train |
aquarat_47006 | A train 70 m long, running with a speed of 63 km/hr will pass a tree in? | [
"140 sec",
"160 sec",
"176 sec",
"150 sec",
"170 sec"
] | A. 140 sec | aquarat |
mmlu_train_9206 | Dr. Jack M. Gwaltney, Jr. a professor at the University Of Virginia School Of Medicine infected six student volunteers with virus, the most common cause of colds. A few days later, when they were coughing and sneezing, he gathered 37 more people and divided them into three groups. Group 1 members spent three days and nights in the same room with one of the infected students, separated by a screen so they couldn't touch one another. Group 2 sat around a table while an infected volunteer talked, coughed and sang to them. Group 3 held hands with an infected student for ten seconds, and then touched their own noses or eyes. Although most scientists at the time, the mid-70s, believed colds were spread by virus-laden droplets spread through the air when infected people coughed or sneezed, Gwaltney suspected physical contact might play an important role. Sure enough, of the 15 people who had touched a student volunteer, 11 became infected--compared with only one of those who had been sitting at the table, and none who had spent three days and nights together. "The best evidence we have is that hand-to-hand contact is the most efficient way of transmitting virus," says Gwaltney. The study was one of a series that helped establish Gwaltney's reputation as a leading authority. Dr. Robert Couch says, "It would not be inappropriate to call him Mr. Common Cold." When Gwaltney is asked how close scientists are to finding a cure, he replies: "If you mean 'get rid of', I don't think we're going to be able to do that with cold viruses any time soon. But if you look in the dictionary, you'll see that 'cure' is explained as a successful treatment. And we're not just getting more effective at treating the symptoms --we're getting at the root cause too. " When Dr. Gwaltney gives a reply in the end of the passage, he means that _ . | [
"they have found the fundamental cause of colds",
"they have managed to wipe out the cold viruses",
"they have meant to experiment more",
"they have made much progress in dealing with colds"
] | D. they have made much progress in dealing with colds | mmlu_train |
aquarat_4533 | At a blind taste competition a contestant is offered 3 cups of each of the 3 samples of tea in a random arrangement of 9 marked cups. If each contestant tastes 4 different cups of tea, what is the probability that a contestant does not taste all of the samples? | [
"1/12",
"5/14",
"4/9",
"1/2",
"2/3"
] | B. 5/14 | aquarat |
arc_easy_1515 | Some butterflies live an average of two weeks. This period of time is called a life | [
"process",
"span",
"change",
"cycle"
] | B. span | arc_easy |
mmlu_train_49478 | Sheep Smarter than Thought London--Sheep, like turkeys and ostriches, are not considered the most clever animals. British scientists said last Wednesday humans may have underestimated the woolly creature. They could be much smarter than we think. Researchers at the Babraham Institute in Cambridge, southern England, have shown that the animals have a good memory system and are extremely good at recognizing faces--which they think is a sure sign of intelligence. Behavioral scientist Keith Kendrick and his friends trained 20 sheep to recognize and distinguish 25 pairs of sheep faces and used electrodes to measure their brain activity , which showed they could remember 50 faces for up to two years . "If they can do that with faces, they have to have reasonable intelligence; otherwise, what is the point of having a system for remembering faces and not remembering anything else?" Kendrick said in an interview. So hours of seemingly mindless eating grass may not be so mindless after all. Kendrick believes sheep got their reputation as dumb (unable to speak, unintelligent) animals because they live in large groups and do not appear to have much individuality and are frightened of just about everything. "All animals, including humans, once they are frightened, don't tend to show signs of intelligent action," he explained. In research reported in the science journal Nature, Kendrick and his team showed that sheep, like humans, have a specialized system in the brain which allows them to distinguish between many different faces which look extremely similar. "The most important finding (of the study) is that they are able , both from a behavioral point of view and from looking at the way the brain is organized , to remember a large number of individuals for a very long time," said Kendrick. "It is a very strange system. They are showing similar abilities in many ways to humans." As is known in the passage, _ . | [
"sheep are among the week animals",
"it is not right for people to raise sheep in groups",
"when sheep eat grass in the field their minds may be active",
"if people feel frightened, they may become braver"
] | C. when sheep eat grass in the field their minds may be active | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_25053 | Some people may be born happy, while others are genetically negative, scientists have suggested in a study published late February in a British journal. Earlier research had already established that the gene known as 5-HTTLPR plays a key role in determining how the neurotransmitter serotonin works within the brain. Serotonin, a hormone , passes chemical messages between nerve cells. It has been closely linked to mood. Several anti-depressant drugs regulate serotonin levels. Scientists had also identified three variants of the gene. Two so-called "short" variants were linked to a higher risk of depression and suicide attempts. Unlike the two "short" variants, the "long" variant of 5-HTTLPR showed a clear dislike of negative images, such as fierce animals, and a clear liking for positive ones, such as flowers. Researchers from the University of Essex in Britain showed participants a series of images, which were divided into three kinds: negative ones aimed at inspiring fear or stress such as a snake or person about to commit suicide, pleasant ones and neutral ones. The participants who had the long variant of the 5-HTTLPR gene "showed a clear dislike of negative material alongside a careful attention for positive material," the researchers found. They paid close attention to the pretty pictures, and ignored the frightening ones. On the other hand, the short variant groups had the opposite reaction. In January, the Australian government organized "happiness workshops", teaching government staff how to be happy. The department that held the "happiness workshops" said unhappy staff weren't productive staff. Australian political opposition parties have argued that the "happiness workshops" are probably a waste of money and couldn't increase productivity as intended. However, whether the workshop will have a happy or disappointing result, we will have to wait and see. The "short" variants of 5-HTTLPR differ from the "long" variants of 5-HTTLPR in that _ . | [
"the former is connected with positive mood while the latter negative",
"the former is connected with negative mood while the latter positive",
"the former has a greater effect on one's mood than the latterww.k@s@5@u.com ####",
"the latter has a greater effect on one's mood than the... | B. the former is connected with negative mood while the latter positive | mmlu_train |
arc_easy_1053 | Which statement best describes why a calcium-fortified juice would advertise that it is good for growing children? | [
"Calcium helps the growth of bones.",
"Calcium provides energy for growth.",
"Children need to drink a lot of fluids.",
"Children need calcium to prevent allergies."
] | A. Calcium helps the growth of bones. | arc_easy |
mmlu_train_97349 | Seals which return to where they were born display reproductive behavior by using that space to | [
"hunt squirrel",
"retrieve eggs",
"birth young",
"kill birds"
] | C. birth young | mmlu_train |
arc_challenge_691 | The crust, the mantle, and the core are structures of Earth. Which description is a feature of Earth's mantle? | [
"contains fossil remains",
"consists of tectonic plates",
"is located at the center of Earth",
"has properties of both liquids and solids"
] | D. has properties of both liquids and solids | arc_challenge |
mmlu_train_42302 | A villa designed to resist earthquakes with "self-healing" cracks in its walls, thanks to nanotechnology applications with self-healing polymers , is to be built on a Greek mountainside. The villa's walls will include special particles that turn into a liquid when squeezed under pressure, flow into cracks, and then harden to form a solid material. The NanoManufacturing Institute (NMI), based in Leeds University, will play a key role in an EU project to construct the home by December 2010. The project, called "Intelligent Safe and Secure Buildings" (ISSB) is funded under the EU's Sixth Framework program. This potentially life-saving scheme is led by German building manufacturer Knauf. The villa will be built in Amphilochia, in western Greece, where Knauf currently runs a manufacturing plant. If the experiment is successful, more tremor-resistant homes could be built in earthquake zones across the globe. NMI chief executive Professor Terry Wilkins said, "What we're trying to achieve here is very exciting. We're looking to use polymers in much tougher situations than ever before on a larger scale." Monitors contained in the villa's walls will be able to collect vast amounts of data about the building over time. Wireless sensors will record any stresses and vibrations, as well as temperature, humidity and gas levels. The walls are to be built from new load-bearing steel frames and high-strength gypsum board. Prof Wilkins said, "If there are any problems, the intelligent sensor network will be able to alert residents immediately so they have time to escape. If whole groups of houses are so constructed, we could use a larger network of sensors to get even more information. If the house falls down, we have got hand-held devices that can be used over the ruins to pick out where the embedded sensors are hidden to get some information about how the villa collapsed. Also, we can get information about anyone who may be around, so it potentially becomes a tool for rescue." If the tremor-resistant home falls down, _ . | [
"rescue work can be done more quickly and accurately",
"the intelligent sensor network will stop working",
"no one can be hurt in the earthquake",
"a warning signal will be given to other residents"
] | A. rescue work can be done more quickly and accurately | mmlu_train |
arc_challenge_319 | Bees can see wavelengths of only yellow, blue, and ultraviolet light. Many plant flowers consist of yellow, blue, and ultraviolet markings that are near the center of the flower. Which sentence describes which organisms benefit from this and explains why? | [
"Only plants benefit, because bees are unable to reach a food source on the plant.",
"Only bees benefit, because flowers are damaged by bees.",
"Neither bees nor plants benefit, because it does not help either to reproduce.",
"Both bees and plants benefit, because bees find food and plants are aided in reprod... | D. Both bees and plants benefit, because bees find food and plants are aided in reproduction. | arc_challenge |
mmlu_train_54601 | One day,I received a call from a colleague.He was about to give a student a zero for his answer to a physical problem,while the student claimed a perfect score.I was elected as their arbiter .I read the examination problem,"Show how it is possible to determine the height of a tall building with the aid of a barometer ." The student had answered,"Take the barometer to the top of the building,attach a long rope to it,lower it to the street,and then bring it up and measure the length of the rope.The length of it is the height of the building." The student had really answered the question completely,but the answer didn't confirm his competence in physics.I suggested the student try again.I gave him six minutes to answer the question,warning that the answer should show some knowledge of physics.Five minutes later,he said he had many answers and dashed off one,which read "Take the barometer to the top of the building and lean over the edge of the roof.Drop the barometer,timing its fall with a stopwatch,then use the physical formula to calculate the height of the building." At this point,my colleague had to accept it,and then the student made almost full marks.I couldn't help asking the student what the other answers were.He listed many others,and then added,"Probably the best one is to take the barometer to the administrator and say to him,'Sir,here is a fine barometer.If you tell me the height of the building,I will give it to you.'" Then,I asked the student if he really did not know the conventional answer to this question.He admitted that he did,but said that he was fed up with high school and college instructors trying to teach him how to think. The name of the student was Bohr who later was famous all over the world.He won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1922. What was Bohr's attitude toward his schooling? | [
"Optimistic.",
"Critical.",
"Approving.",
"Pessimistic."
] | B. Critical. | mmlu_train |
aquarat_5236 | The average of four consecutive odd numbers is 24. Find the largest number | [
"25",
"27",
"29",
"31",
"32"
] | B. 27 | aquarat |
aquarat_17038 | A boatman goes 2 km against the current of the stream in 1 hour and goes 1 km along the current in 12 minutes. How long will it take to go 5 km in stationary water? | [
"40 minutes",
"1 hour",
"1 hour 25 min",
"1 hour 30 min",
"1 hour 10 min"
] | C. 1 hour 25 min | aquarat |
mmlu_train_31239 | In today's world, almost everyone knows that air pollution and water pollution are harmful to people's health. However, not all the persons know that noise is also a kind of pollution, and that is harmful to human health, too. People who work and live under noisy conditions become deaf . Today, however, scientists believe that 10 percent of workers in Britain are being deafened by the noise where they work. Many of the workers who print newspapers and books, and who weave cloth become deaf. Quite a few people living near airports also become deaf. Recently it was discovered that many teenagers in America could hear no better than 65-year-old people, for these young people like to listen to "pop" music and most of "pop" music is a kind of noise. Besides, noise produced by jet planes or machines will make people's life difficult and unpleasant, or even make people ill or even drive them mad . It is said that a continuous noise of over 85 decibels can cause deafness. Nowadays the government in many countries have made laws to reduce or control noise and make it less than 85 decibels. In China, the people's government is trying to solve not only air and water pollution problems but also noise pollution problem. Those who usually _ have poorer hearing. | [
"weave cloth",
"print newspapers",
"live near airports",
"all the above"
] | D. all the above | mmlu_train |
aquarat_8994 | A 25 cm wide path is to be made around a circular garden having a diameter of 4 meters. Approximate area of the path is square meters is? | [
"3.34",
"3.32",
"3.2",
"3.08",
"3.17"
] | A. 3.34 | aquarat |
aquarat_17634 | In an examination, there were 2,000 candidates, out of which 900 candidates were girls and rest were Boys. If 36% of the boys and 32% of the girls passed, then the total percentage of failed candidates is? | [
"35.67%",
"65.80%",
"68.57%",
"69.57%",
"none of these"
] | B. 65.80% | aquarat |
mmlu_train_8913 | Rachel Carson, born in rural Pennsylvania in 1907, had a great impact on the environment. Carson earned a master's degree in zoology in 1932. It was as a writer and not as a research scientist, however, that she made her mark, sharing her view that human beings are just one element in a larger natural order. In the articles on natural history Carson wrote for various publications, she expressed dry facts in poetic and persuasive language. She wrote five books. Two of them, The Sea Around Us and The Edge of the Sea, have been called "biographies of the ocean." Carson also made the world aware of how scientific discoveries can harm as well as help living things. In her best-selling book Silent Spring, Carson challenged the _ use of chemical pesticides by large agricultural and government organizations. She was the first to detail how the pesticide DDT had entered the food chain and damaged populations of bald eagles, falcons, and brown pelicans by causing the shells of their eggs to become so thin that they could not withstand the weight of the parent bird. Carson died of cancer in 1964. Today, the Rachel Carson Council collects and disseminates information on pesticide-related issues. In 1970, the Rachel Carson Wildlife Refuge, a large area of salt marsh and freshwater habitat in Maine, was dedicated to her memory. Which of the statements below expresses the main idea of the passage ? | [
"Writers have played an important role in the battle against pollution.",
"The scientist Rachel Carson taught people about environmental issues through her writing.",
"Carson's book Silent Spring changed the way some pesticides were used.",
"Many of Carson's books were about pesticide-related issues."
] | B. The scientist Rachel Carson taught people about environmental issues through her writing. | mmlu_train |
aquarat_18688 | A, B and C started a business with capitals of Rs. 8000, Rs. 10000 and Rs. 12000 respectively. At the end of the year, the profit share of B is Rs. 1500. The difference between the profit shares of A and C is? | [
"200",
"929",
"400",
"600",
"832"
] | D. 600 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_89101 | Penguins live together, but each pair has a little piece of ground of their own. When a penguin wants to walk through its neighbor's ground, it must ask for permission . If it does not, it will have to fight. Penguins come and go all day. They fight for fish and look after their children. All penguins are good parents--the male penguins are perhaps the best parents in the world. They choose their wives in the dark They can only hear them--not see them. Then the female penguins lay their eggs and go away for about two months. The males look after the eggs. If the eggs get cold, there will be no chicks. There is no food. The snow falls and the wind blows--sometimes at 150 kilometers an hour. The penguins do not move. When the females return from the sea, they will not remember their husbands. It doesn't matter. Only one thing-- their eggs. Male penguins never fight--unless a penguin leaves a chick for a minute. Then they fight because they all want it. They are strange and wonderful birds. It is _ that take care of the eggs. | [
"the male penguins",
"the female penguins",
"both the husbands and the wives",
"the penguins that lost in the fight"
] | A. the male penguins | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_42315 | Career education is instruction intended to help young people identify, choose, and prepare for a career. Such instruction may focus on a person's role in work, leisure, or family life. Career education differs from vocational education, which is designed to teach specific occupational skills. Career education includes the formal and informal learning that occurs in the family, in the community, and in schools. In schools, career education consists of instructive activities included in many courses. These activities are designed to improve the attitudes, knowledge, and skills important for work roles. Career education helps students develop self- understanding and use it to plan their education and working life. A complete career education program in school begins in kindergarten and continues at least through high school. Many colleges and universities also offer career education through their counseling programs. In kindergartens and elementary schools, youngsters learn about different types of work. In middle schools or junior high school, children begin to explore the occupations and leisure activities that interest them most. In high school, students get more specific information about occupations and life styles. They may be in classroom, small group, or individual sessions where they learn how to make career decisions. They also should obtain the skills they need for further study or for a job after graduation. Counselors provide information on such matters as how to locate and apply for jobs and how to be successful in interviews. Teachers and counselors use a variety of methods to provide career education, including films about occupations or industries. Children may invite parents or other adults to come to school and describe their jobs. A student may accompany a worker on the job. Cooperative education s classroom study with practical work experience. A child may get career education in all the following places EXCEPT _ . | [
"schools",
"homes",
"communities",
"public places"
] | D. public places | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_8347 | Many people who are overweight have poor digestion . For the most part, poor digestion is not a habit given by our parents. We give it to ourselves through the way we eat. Oh, poor digestion can lead to weight problems. Here's how: When a person feels stressed, the part of the central nervous system that connects digestion switches off. This is called the parasympathetic nervous system . At those times of stress, the body can take in food and process some of it, but digestion doesn't work correctly to digest all the nutritional goodness from the food. Poor digestion is not always obvious by observing symptoms; you can get some illnesses but not always. Poor digestion can be seemingly silent. If you eat when you are stressed, anxious, or nervous, you might as well be eating cardboard for all the nutrients your body gets. Yes, eating when stressed is a gaining situation. Now you might think, well, if I'm not digesting, the calories aren't getting handles, so I should be losing weight. Good idea, but wrong reality. When digestion is not proper, the body starts "starving" from lack of necessary nutrients . Yes, it goes into a starvation problem and starts absorbing fat and energy. It thinks it's in a famine . The good news is that it's easy to make some corrections and get rid of stress at mealtimes. If you feel stressed often, it can be helpful to take other food that contains multiple B vitamins. These help, but you could still find yourself stressed at mealtimes. Which is NOT the reason why people may have weight problems when eating with stress? | [
"The body does not take in what they eat.",
"The digestion system becomes incorrect.",
"People cannot eat much when unhappy.",
"The body will begin to absorb too much fat."
] | C. People cannot eat much when unhappy. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_91372 | From age eight to eleven, I studied at a small school in Bath, England. It was a small school of four classes, with about twenty-five children in each class according to age. For the most part, one teacher had to teach all subjects. However, sometimes the headteacher , Mr. Ronald Broaches would come in and spend an hour or so. He was a large man with a very happy nature. He had a sense of humor and would be glad in telling the children small stories which make us laugh. I found that he took great interest in me and he quickly found that I enjoyed puzzles. He would stop me as I was going to class and take a piece of paper out of his pocket, often with a puzzle on it. As time went on, they slowly gave me an interest in math and problem -solving that stays with me to this day. To this day, I can remember Mr. Broaches' cheerful cry of "Well done!" whenever I got a problem right. I shall always be thankful that our paths crossed. Mr. Bruoaches died just two weeks after I won the 1993 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine. Unfortunately, I had no chance to speak to him before he died. I learnt late that he had heard of my success and I will always hope that he knew the deep influence he had made on my life. The writer spent _ study at the school in Bath, England. | [
"three years",
"six years",
"one year",
"two years"
] | A. three years | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_25603 | Do you know why different animals or pests have their special color1s? Their color1s in them seem to be used mainly to protect themselves. Some birds like eating locusts , but birds cannot easily catch them. Why? It is because locusts change their color1s together with the change of the color1s of crops . When crops are green, locusts look green. But as the harvest time comes, locusts change to the same brown color1 as crops have. Some other pests with different color1s from plants are easily found and eaten by others. So they have to hide themselves for lives and appear only at night. If you study the animal life, you'll find the main use of color1ing is to protect the animals themselves. Bears, lions and other animals move quietly through forests. They cannot be easily seen by hunters . This is because they have the color1s much like the trees'. Have you ever noticed an even stranger act? A kind of fish in the sea can send out a kind of very black liquid when it faces danger. While the liquid spreads over , its enemies cannot find it. And it immediately swims away. So it has lived up to now though it is not strong at all. Which is the best title for this passage? | [
"The Change of Colors for Animals and Pests",
"Colors of Different Animals and Pests",
"The Main Use of Colors for Animals and Pests",
"Some Animals and Pests"
] | C. The Main Use of Colors for Animals and Pests | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_18639 | Science has told us too much about the moon that it is fairly easy to imagine what it would be like to get there. It is certainly not a friendly place. Since there is no air or water, there can be no life of any kind. There is not much variety of scenery either. For mile after mile there are only flat plains of dust with mountains around them. Above, the sun and stars shine in the black sky. If you step out of the mountain shadow, it means moving from the severe cold into intense heat. These extreme temperatures break rocks away from the surface of the mountains. The moon is also a very silent world, for sound waves can only travel through air. But beyond the broken horizon, you see a friendly sight. Our earth is shining more brightly than the stars. From this distance, it looks like an immense blue, green and brown ball. Without _ , the moon is a silent world. | [
"man",
"air",
"sound",
"water"
] | B. air | mmlu_train |
aquarat_36401 | How many consonants are present between the first and fifth vowel in the sequence of English alphabet ? | [
"12",
"13",
"11",
"16",
"None of these"
] | D. 16 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_50033 | A new study suggests that the way to weight loss may be clear.A couple of glasses of water before meals help dieters lose about 5 pounds more than those who do not drink water.While drinking water before a meal may fill a person up,the contents of their meal are important as well.Should a person be eating a low-fat diet or a lowcarbohydrate diet? Or does it matter at all? Recent research suggests that one diet isn't any better than the other.A few weeks before the water study,another concluded that lowfat and lowcarbohydrate diets tied in weight loss.While the lowcarbohydrate dieters did show a slight increase in good cholesterol and a reduction in blood pressure,there was not much difference in the dieters'weight loss.The point here is that the person had to stick to the diet.What helps a person see a diet through? It could be body type. A study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association,as reported byTimemagazine,found that body shape is the key to which diet a person will be able to stick with.Apples are people who carry most of their weight above the belt,while pears carry their weight around their hips .Apple types were more likely to be highinsulin secretors who respond more strongly to carbohydrates in their bodies.They lost the most weight on a lowcarbohydrate diet.Pears were lowinsulin secretors who lost the same amount of weight on both diets.Unstable insulin levels can create stronger hunger senses,causing the apple types to go off their diet plans. All of these studies again come down to choosing the diet that helps you eat less.The bodytype diet does make some sense as men are more likely to be apple types,with larger stomachs,and tend to do well on higherprotein diets,while women,who tend to carry weight around their hips,find themselves drawn to the lowfat diets.The reality is if a diet is failing you try another one.A plan you can't,or won't,stick to will never work,no matter what the research says. If you want to lose weight but don't know what diet suits you,you can always _ . | [
"drink a few cups of water after each meal",
"drink a few cups of water before each meal",
"eat plenty of pears",
"eat plenty of apples"
] | B. drink a few cups of water before each meal | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_14476 | New research shows sheep are clever People often make jokes about how dull sheep are, but new research shows they may be cleverer than we think. Researchers at the University of Cambridge discovered that Welsh mountain sheep have brainpower that equals rodents . Tests found that the sheep can map the area they live in, and some may even be able to plan ahead. Young fish prefer noisy neighbors A new study has shown that young fish like to live on reefs with noisy neighbors! Researchers from the universities of Auckland and Bristol found that young fish looking for a home choose areas where other noisy fish live. The scientists produced all kinds of sounds which had been recorded in different natural environments. The young fish seemed to prefer the sounds of natural reefs, complete with noisy animals! The scientists compared the choice to a music fan wandering around at a music festival, choosing to set up a tent closest to the music they like best! Butterflies are disappearing A new study has shown that 17 species of butterfly found in Europe have dropped by 70% in the last 20 years. The information collected from 3,000 sites across 15 countries shows it may be caused by the loss of grasslands covered with flowers. You can encourage butterflies to come into your garden by planting flowers. Which seems to have to do with the number of butterflies? | [
"The species of grass in grasslands.",
"The species of trees in grasslands.",
"The number of flowers in grasslands.",
"The number of animals in grasslands."
] | C. The number of flowers in grasslands. | mmlu_train |
aquarat_20536 | If the complement of a certain angle is seven times the measure of that certain angle, then what is the measure of that certain angle? | [
"45°",
"30°",
"11.25°",
"18°",
"15°"
] | C. 11.25° | aquarat |
mmlu_train_90609 | When I was small, my grandmother died. I was so sad that I had no tears. But that night when my dad tried to cheer me up, my laugh turned into crying. So it came as no surprise to learn that scientists believe crying and laughing come from the same part of the brain. Just as laughing has many health advantages, scientists are discovering that so, too, does crying. Whatever it takes for us to _ pressure is important to our emotional health, and a study found that 85 percent of women and 73 percent of men report feeling better after crying. Besides, tears attract help from other people. Researchers agree that when we cry, people around us become kinder and friendly and they are more ready to provide support and comfort. Tears also enable us to understand our emotions better; sometimes we don't even know we're very sad until we cry. We learn about our emotions through crying, and then we can deal with them. Just as crying can be healthy, not crying - holding back tears of anger, pain or suffering - can be bad for physical health. Studies have shown that too much control of emotions can lead to high blood pressure and heart problems. If you have a health problem, doctors will certainly not ask you to cry. But when you feel like crying, don't fight it. It's a natural -and healthy-emotional response . Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? | [
"Women cry more than men.",
"When you cry, people will care about you more.",
"Laughing has many health disadvantages.",
"Crying is bad for your health."
] | B. When you cry, people will care about you more. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_43741 | Some spiders hunt on the ground, others build webs to trap their food, but the grass water spider catches its prey by running along the surface of the water. This special water spider lives on the grassy banks of streams where mosquitoes, damsel flies and other insects come to feed and breed. Although it is one of the largest spiders in prefix = st1 /New Zealand, it has an unusual ability. It doesn't disturb the water as it waits for its meal, and there is barely a ripple when it skims across the surface at lightning speed to catch its prey. Grass water spiders deal swiftly with larger insects like damsel flies by pulling their heads under the water and holding them there until they drown. After a meal, the grass water spider spends up to half an hour grooming itself. It wipes its eight eyes, brushes its antennae , and takes special care to clean the hairs on its body. It is the hairs that trap tiny bubbles of air so that the spider can run down a blade of grass and stay underwater for up to an hour when it is frightened. The hairs also keep the spider dry, even underwater. It is only when the female spider is caring for the young that she does not hunt on the water. After mating, she produces a large egg sac , which she carries around for five weeks. Once the eggs start to hatch, she attaches the sac to some blades of grass or a thistle. She then tears the sac open and releases the tiny spiders into the nursery web. How does the grass water spider kill its prey? | [
"in a web",
"by drowning",
"by poisoning",
"with its antennae"
] | B. by drowning | mmlu_train |
m1_pref_62 | The number of non-zero entries in a column of a term-document matrix indicates: | [
"how many terms of the vocabulary a document contains",
"how often a term of the vocabulary occurs in a document",
"how relevant a term is for a document",
"none of the other responses is correct"
] | A. how many terms of the vocabulary a document contains | m1_pref |
mmlu_train_79026 | When you have a cold, you must be unhappy because your body becomes hot, and there are pains all over. You don't want to work, you stay in bed, feeling terrible. What makes you ill? It's _ . Germs are everywhere. They are very small and you can't find them with your eyes but you can see them with a microscope . They are very small and there could be hundreds of them in or on a very small thing. Germs are always found in dirty water. When you look at dirty water under the microscope, you can see them in it. Germs are found not only in water. They are also found in air and dust . If you cut your finger , and if some of the dust goes into the finger, it will become big and red, and you will have much pain in it. Sometimes germs will go into your body and you will have pain everywhere. Your parents won't allow you to drink dirty water because _ . | [
"dirty water will make you dirty",
"there are many germs in it and germs can make you ill",
"you can see many germs in it",
"it will make your finger red and big"
] | B. there are many germs in it and germs can make you ill | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_56200 | Studies show that children who eat breakfast do better in school. It doesn't take much further thought to know that adults will feel better and do better at work as well. Whether you work at home, on the farm, at the office, at school, or on the road, it is not a good idea to have no breakfast. If we have no breakfast, we are likely to become tired when our brains and bodies run low on fuel . By mid-morning, a lot of us grab a cup of coffee or eat a sugary candy bar to wake up again. This might work for a few minutes, but by lunch time we are hungry. Eating a good breakfast sets the tone for the rest of the day. Having no breakfast is a popular way to lose weight, but not a smart one. Many people believe that they will lose weight if they have no meals, but that just isn't true; the body expects to be refueled a few times a day, starting with a healthy breakfast. Eating breakfast is good for losing weight. In fact, people who eat breakfast are more likely to keep a healthy weight. A healthy breakfast should have some protein and some fiber . Protein can come from low fat meats, eggs, or beans. Fiber can be found in whole grains, vegetables and fruits. A good example of a healthy breakfast might be something simple like a hard boiled egg, an orange, and a bowl of whole grain cereal with low fat milk. Stay away from sugary foods and white bread because they are digested quickly and will leave you hungry and tired in several hours. Protein and fiber will keep you feeling full until lunch time. According to the passage, we feel tired at work probably because _ . | [
"we need to have a cup of coffee",
"we don't have a good breakfast",
"our brains don't work any longer",
"we don't have enough sleep at night"
] | B. we don't have a good breakfast | mmlu_train |
arc_easy_366 | Kate sees a full moon. About how much time will go by before the next full moon? | [
"one week",
"two weeks",
"one month",
"one year"
] | C. one month | arc_easy |
mmlu_train_1706 | What is involved in creating genetically modified bacteria? | [
"allowing them to reproduce freely",
"changing their food source",
"using biotechnology techniques",
"growing them on selected plants"
] | C. using biotechnology techniques | mmlu_train |
arc_challenge_874 | Which of these is a nonliving thing? | [
"a mushroom",
"a tree",
"a worm",
"a river"
] | D. a river | arc_challenge |
mmlu_train_79413 | A Nepalese teenager had made a PS 23 solar panel ( ) using human hair. Milan Karki, who is 18 years old and lives in a village, used human hair to replace silicon, which is a common but expensive part of solar panels. By using hair as a replacement, Karki says that solar panels can be produced for around PS 23. Karki got the idea from a Stephen Hawking book, which explained how to create energy from hair. The device that Karki has showed can produce 18w of energy -- plenty to _ a mobile phone. "Half a kilo of hair can be bought for only 16p in Nepal and last a few months; but a pack of batteries would cost 50p and last a few nights," according to The Daily Mail. The solar panel is easy to service as the hair is easy to replace. Karki has now sent out several devices to other places near his home for testing. He said, "First I wanted to provide energy for my home, then my village. Now I am thinking for the whole world." What is the passage mainly about? | [
"Making a mobile phone with human hair",
"Making a mobile phone with a new idea.",
"Making a solar panel with silicon.",
"Making a solar panel with human hair."
] | D. Making a solar panel with human hair. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_2337 | At what level of organization does damage compromise the function of the whole system? | [
"a cell",
"an organ",
"a tissue",
"an organelle"
] | B. an organ | mmlu_train |
aquarat_53289 | John opened a shop investing Rs.40000. Joy joined him 4 months later, investing Rs.50000. They earned a profit of Rs.55000 after completion of one year. What will be Joy's share of profit? | [
"23000",
"25000",
"24000",
"28000",
"29000"
] | B. 25000 | aquarat |
arc_easy_619 | Which would best aid a scientist in discovering how Earth may have changed over time? | [
"finding the nest of a bald eagle",
"tracking the footprints of a wolf",
"analyzing the pollination of a sunflower",
"discovering a fossil of a seashell in a wooded area"
] | D. discovering a fossil of a seashell in a wooded area | arc_easy |
mmlu_train_45134 | American researchers have discovered that human brains and sleep patterns are confused by devices that give out bright lights. Electronics, such as laptops, mislead our minds into thinking that it is still daytime, preventing sleep and increasing the risk of _ . Sleep experts say human's natural body clock begins to rest and relax from the day between 9 and 10 pm but the use of computers confuses it. A person's brain biologically becomes awake when the sun is out because bright light after dark causes the brain to stop producing the hormone called melatonin that makes us sleepy. Researchers say blue light from devices such as iPads, which is expected to become a popular reading tool when it comes out later this month, is particularly disruptive during the night when the brain thinks it should be dark. Experts say a good book is a far better way of resting the brain and ensuring a good night's sleep because the bedside lamp light doesn't affect the brain as it does not look straight into a person's eyes. "Potentially, yes, if you're using an iPad or a laptop close to bedtime... that light can be stimulating to the brain to make it more awake and delay your ability to sleep," Phyllis Zee, a professor at Northwestern University and director of the school's Centre for Sleep & Circadian Biology, told CNN. "And I think more importantly, it could also be enough to affect your circadian rhythm. This is the clock in your brain that determines when you sleep and when you wake up. " Alon Avidan, associate director of the Sleep Disorders Center at the University of California Los Angeles, added, "I wish people would just take a boring book -- an oldfashioned book -- and read by a lamp." Melatonin is the hormone that _ . | [
"makes us sleepy",
"helps us relaxed",
"prevents us from waking up",
"makes us excited"
] | A. makes us sleepy | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_11597 | As dangerous as sharks may have seed to people after watching Jaws, which was released on June 20,1975, the recent disastrous decrease in their numbers show that people have proven far more dangerous to sharks. This disastrous decline is due in large part to commercial fishing of sharks. "The market for shark fins in East Asia opened up thanks to changes in their economy, increasing their ability to spend money on things such as shark fin soup," Burgess said. However, the biggest worry for sharks and their relatives, the skates and rays, which are suffering a similar fate, "is how they are killed incidentally when fishermen try and take other fish--the problem of bycatch ," Burgess explained. "They may be thrown back afterward, but they're still dead." The key of the problems behind bringing sharks back is that "they're not the same as other fish," Burgess said, "Sharks are slow growing and slow to reach maturity. Sharks are live bearers, which means females keep their young in their body just like us, but instead of nine months, it takes 12 to 18 months or more in sharks. Also, sharks generally can't give birth again until a year after they've given birth--sometimes they're on a three-year cycle. So once you get a shark population knocked down, this 'life in the slow lane' means that recovery is measured in decades rather than years."\ Burgess said, "I'm on the recovery team for it, but the recovery plan for that is over the course of 100 years. So I won't see them recover, nor will you, nor will your children. That's what it means when these animals go down--they're down a long time." Any measures aimed at saving sharks must not only consider byeatch, "which is the real killer right now," but also encourage interactional cooperation, Burgess said. "Sharks are very migratory, and many species cross borders," he said. "We can protect them only by getting many govemment to come aboard. That's the hardest part about this." The text mainly tells us _ . | [
"shark fins are valuable",
"sharks are dangerous",
"bycatch brings bad effects",
"sharks are in danger"
] | D. sharks are in danger | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_99437 | if two objects have the same charge then those two materials will effect each other how? | [
"pull together",
"attract",
"unattract",
"bug repellent"
] | C. unattract | mmlu_train |
aquarat_16331 | A car traveling at a certain constant speed takes 15 seconds longer to travel 1 kilometer than it would take to travel 1 kilometer at 60 kilometers per hour. At what speed, in kilometers per hour, is the car traveling? | [
"48",
"50",
"52",
"54",
"56"
] | A. 48 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_93627 | Which form of energy is found in food? | [
"chemical",
"electrical",
"sound",
"mechanical"
] | A. chemical | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_51996 | Bottled water is a _ on the environment: The US public goes through about 50 billion water bottles a year, and most of those plastic containers are not recycled, according to Elizabeth Royte's bookBottlemania: How Water Went on Sale and Why We Bought It. Transporting the bottles and keeping them cold also burns fuels, which give off greenhouse gases. And groundwater pumping by bottled water companies draws heavily on underground aquifers and harms watersheds , according to the Sierra Club. And some studies suggest it takes up to three liters of water to produce one liter of bottled water. Yet more than $100 billion is spent every year on bottled water globally. In many cities in developing countries where there is not a safe source of tap water, bottled water becomes a trusted choice. In the US, tap water is controlled by the government and often examined for dangerous polluted substances. Each American drinks 79 liters of bottled water per year on average, according to the Columbia Water Center at Columbia University's Earth Institute in New York. The bottled water industry is so successful that it has outpaced milk, coffee, and juice in the number of gallons of drinks sold -- putting it behind only beer and soda. Though the sale and consumption of bottled water is still on the rise, certain policymakers have taken steps to reduce it and encourage people to drink tap water. In September 2009, the Australian town of Bundanoon became the first town in the world to completely ban bottled water from its stores' shelves, building water fountains around the town instead. Among US cities that have taken action are San Francisco and Seattle, which no longer buy water for city use, and Chicago, which added a five-cent tax on each bottle. Several restaurants in those cities have also given up bottled water for tap water. Other cities are also considering taking action. According to the passage, what drink sells best in the USA? | [
"Beer",
"Bottled water",
"Coffee",
"Milk"
] | A. Beer | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_71797 | What's this? It's P. What color is it? It's green. What's this and what color is it? It's E. It's yellow. What's this? It's N. It's red. What's this? It's a pen. Spell it,please. P--E---N. I have a blue pen. This my ruler. It's yellow. My jacket is black and my quilt is green. It's nice. What color is P? | [
"Green",
"Yellow",
"Red",
"Blue"
] | A. Green | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_45175 | Our risk of cancer rises rapidly as we age. So it makes sense that the elderly should be routinely screened for new tumors or doesn't it? While such tracking of cancer is a good thing in general, researchers are increasingly questioning whether all of this testing is necessary for the elderly. With the percentage of people over age 65 expected to nearly double by 2050, it s important to weigh the health benefits of screening against the risks and costs of routine testing. In many cases, screening can lead to additional examinations and operations to remove cancer, which can cause side effects, while the cancers themselves may be slow-growing and may not cause serious health problems in patients' remaining years. But the message that everyone must screen for cancer has become so ingrained that when health care experts recommended that women under 50 and over 74 stop screening for breast cancer, it caused a noisy reaction among doctors, patients and social groups. It's hard to uproot deeply-held beliefs about cancer screening with scientific data. Certainly, there are people over age 75 who have had cancers detected by routine screening, and gained several extra years of life because of treatment. And clearly, people over age 75 who have other risk factors for cancer, such as a family history or previous personal experience with the disease, should continue to get screened regularly. But for the rest, the risk of cancer, while increased at the end of life, must be balanced with other factors like remaining life expectancy. A recent study suggests that doctors start to make more objective decisions about who will truly benefit from screening--especially considering the explosion of the elderly. It's not an easy calculation to make, but one that makes sense for patients. Dr. Otis Brawley said, "Many doctors are ordering these tests purely to cover themselves from medical disputes. We need to think about the wise use of health care, which means making some difficult decisions with elderly patients, and going against the misguided belief that when it comes to health care, more is always better." What is the traditional view about women screening for breast cancer? | [
"It is a must for adult women.",
"It applies to women over 50.",
"It is intended for young women.",
"It doesn't apply to women over"
] | A. It is a must for adult women. | mmlu_train |
arc_challenge_405 | Sheep Challenge Evolution A species of sheep lives on the Scottish island of Hirta. Hirta has plenty of grass for the sheep to eat, and no natural predators of the sheep live on the island. Some sheep have dark wool, and some have light wool. The sheep with dark wool tend to be much larger and stronger than the sheep with light wool. However, researchers have found that in the last 20 years, the sheep with light wool have increased in number. Usually, strength and size help animals survive and breed. On Hirta, sheep with light wool outnumber sheep with dark wool because sheep with light wool | [
"produce more wool",
"have a more restricted diet",
"produce fewer offspring each year",
"have a better chance of surviving and reproducing"
] | D. have a better chance of surviving and reproducing | arc_challenge |
mmlu_train_79272 | Do you know why different animals or pests have their special colors? Colors in them seem to be used mainly to protect themselves. Some birds like eating locusts. but birds cannot easily catch them. Why? It is because locusts change their colors together with the change of the colors of crops. When crops are green, locusts look green. But as the harvest time comes, locusts change to the same brown color as crops have. Some other pests with different colors from plants are easily found and eaten by others. So they have to hide themselves for lives and appear only at night. If you study the animal life, you'll find the main use of coloring is protecting themselves. Bears, lions and other animals move quietly through forests. They cannot be seen by hunters. This is because they have the colors much like the tree. Have you ever noticed an even more strange act? A kind of fish in the sea can send out a kind of very black liquid when it faces danger. While the liquid spread over, the enemies cannot find it. And it immediately swims away. So it has lived up to now though it isn't strong at all. , . The kind of fish live up to now because _ . | [
"it is very big and strong",
"the liquid it sends out help it escape from its enemies",
"the liquid it sends out can kill its enemies",
"it swims faster than any other fish"
] | B. the liquid it sends out help it escape from its enemies | mmlu_train |
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