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id int64 39 79M	url stringlengths 31 227	text stringlengths 6 334k	source stringlengths 1 150 ⌀	categories listlengths 1 6	token_count int64 3 71.8k	subcategories listlengths 0 30
5,444,216	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric%20model	In atmospheric science, an atmospheric model is a mathematical model constructed around the full set of primitive, dynamical equations which govern atmospheric motions. It can supplement these equations with parameterizations for turbulent diffusion, radiation, moist processes (clouds and precipitation), heat exchange,...	Atmospheric model	[ "Environmental_science" ]	4,062	[ "Atmospheric models", "Environmental modelling" ]
6,936,288	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baseball%20telecasts%20technology	The following is a chronological list of the technological advancements of Major League Baseball television broadcasts: 1930s and 1940s 1939 On August 26, the first ever Major League Baseball telecast (the Brooklyn Dodgers vs. Cincinnati Reds from Ebbets Field) aired by W2XBS, an experimental station in New York Cit...	Baseball telecasts technology	[ "Technology" ]	3,734	[ "Science and technology studies", "History of science and technology", "History of technology" ]
6,936,536	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prandtl%E2%80%93Meyer%20expansion%20fan	A supersonic expansion fan, technically known as Prandtl–Meyer expansion fan, a two-dimensional simple wave, is a centered expansion process that occurs when a supersonic flow turns around a convex corner. The fan consists of an infinite number of Mach waves, diverging from a sharp corner. When a flow turns around a sm...	Prandtl–Meyer expansion fan	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Mathematics", "Engineering" ]	955	[ "Chemical engineering", "Conservation laws", "Mathematical objects", "Equations", "Aerodynamics", "Aerospace engineering", "Piping", "Fluid dynamics", "Conservation equations", "Symmetry", "Physics theorems" ]
6,937,333	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz%20Halberg	Franz Halberg (July 5, 1919 – June 9, 2013 ) was a scientist and one of the founders of modern chronobiology. He first began his experiments in the 1940s and later founded the Chronobiology Laboratories at the University of Minnesota. Halberg published many papers also in the serials of the History Commission of Intern...	Franz Halberg	[ "Biology" ]	405	[ "Sleep researchers", "Behavior", "Sleep" ]
6,938,470	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotary%20vacuum-drum%20filter	A Rotary Vacuum Filter Drum consists of a cylindrical filter membrane that is partly sub-merged in a slurry to be filtered. The inside of the drum is held lower than the ambient pressure. As the drum rotates through the slurry, the liquid is sucked through the membrane, leaving solids to cake on the membrane surface wh...	Rotary vacuum-drum filter	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	3,533	[ "Separation processes", "Chemical equipment", "Filters", "Filtration", "nan" ]
6,938,475	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zmanim	Zmanim (, literally means "times", singular zman) are specific times of the day mentioned in Jewish law. These times appear in various contexts: Shabbat and Jewish holidays begin and end at specific times in the evening, while some rituals must be performed during the day or the night, or during specific hours of the ...	Zmanim	[ "Physics" ]	3,132	[ "Spacetime", "Time in religion", "Physical quantities", "Time" ]
6,938,627	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20sequenced%20eukaryotic%20genomes	This list of "sequenced" eukaryotic genomes contains all the eukaryotes known to have publicly available complete nuclear and organelle genome sequences that have been sequenced, assembled, annotated and published; draft genomes are not included, nor are organelle-only sequences. DNA was first sequenced in 1977. The f...	List of sequenced eukaryotic genomes	[ "Engineering", "Biology" ]	457	[ "Lists of sequenced genomes", "DNA sequencing", "Genetic engineering", "Genome projects" ]
6,939,387	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta-ring	In mathematics, a non-empty collection of sets is called a -ring (pronounced "") if it is closed under union, relative complementation, and countable intersection. The name "delta-ring" originates from the German word for intersection, "Durschnitt", which is meant to highlight the ring's closure under countable inters...	Delta-ring	[ "Mathematics" ]	274	[ "Mathematical analysis", "Mathematical analysis stubs", "Combinatorics", "Basic concepts in set theory", "Families of sets" ]
6,939,566	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coring	Coring happens when a heated alloy, such as a Cu-Ni system, cools in non-equilibrium conditions. The center of each grain, which is the first part to freeze, is rich in the high-melting element (e.g., nickel for this Cu–Ni system), whereas the concentration of the low-melting element increases with position from this r...	Coring	[ "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	350	[ "Metallurgy", "Materials science", "nan" ]
6,940,601	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiger%20trout	The tiger trout (Salmo trutta × Salvelinus fontinalis) is a sterile, intergeneric hybrid of the brown trout (Salmo trutta) and the brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). Pronounced vermiculations in the fish's patterning gave rise to its name, evoking the stripes of a tiger. Tiger trout are a rare anomaly in the wild, as...	Tiger trout	[ "Biology" ]	592	[ "Intergeneric hybrids", "Hybrid organisms" ]
6,940,878	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XHTML%2BSMIL	XHTML+SMIL is a W3C Note that describes an integration of SMIL semantics with XHTML and CSS. It is based generally upon the HTML+TIME submission. The language is also known as HTML+SMIL. The XHTML+SMIL language profile shares many modules with the standard SMIL language profiles, including the core modules of timing, ...	XHTML+SMIL	[ "Technology" ]	218	[ "Computing stubs", "World Wide Web stubs" ]
6,941,141	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular%20linhay	A circular linhay is an ancient type of structure found in England, particularly associated with Devon. Linhay (rhymes with finny), also spelt Linny, is a type of farm building with an open front and usually a lean-to roof. In Newfoundland English a linney is similar to a storage space, kitchen, or porch but as an addi...	Circular linhay	[ "Engineering" ]	139	[ "Architecture stubs", "Architecture" ]
6,942,239	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hammock%20camping	Hammock camping is a form of camping in which a camper sleeps in a suspended hammock rather than a conventional tent on the ground. Due to the absence of poles and the reduced amount of material used, hammocks can be lighter than a tent, though this is not always the case. Most hammocks will also require less space in ...	Hammock camping	[ "Biology" ]	1,443	[ "Beds", "Behavior", "Sleep" ]
6,943,774	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges%20Friedel	Georges Friedel (19 July 1865 – 11 December 1933) was a French mineralogist and crystallographer. Life Georges was the son of the chemist Charles Friedel. Georges' grandfather was Louis Georges Duvernoy who held the chair in comparative anatomy from 1850 to 1855 at the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle. Georges ...	Georges Friedel	[ "Chemistry", "Materials_science" ]	911	[ "Crystallographers", "Crystallography" ]
6,944,658	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot%20tube%20engine	The hot tube engine is a primitive and long-obsolete type of combustion engine. The timing of a hot tube engine is controlled by means of varying the length of the hot-tube ignitor, that does the job that a spark plug does in a spark-ignited engine. Length of the tube controls when the charge ignites, and the ignition...	Hot tube engine	[ "Technology" ]	220	[ "Engine technology", "Engines" ]
6,944,847	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnussoft	magnussoft Deutschland GmbH is a German computer game developer and publisher. The company is seated in Kesselsdorf, close to the Saxon capital of Dresden. In the 1980s magnussoft released collections of software for popular 8-bit home computer systems: Commodore 64, Commodore Amiga, Atari XL/XE, and Atari ST. The gam...	Magnussoft	[ "Technology" ]	551	[ "BeOS", "Computing platforms" ]
6,945,073	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad%20Raziuddin%20Siddiqui	Muhammad Raziuddin Siddiqui, FPAS, NI, HI, SI (Urdu: , ; 8 January 1908 – 8 January 1998), also known as Dr. Razi, was a Pakistani theoretical physicist and a mathematician who played a role in Pakistan's education system, and Pakistan's indigenous development of nuclear weapons. An educationist and a scientist, Siddiq...	Muhammad Raziuddin Siddiqui	[ "Physics" ]	2,138	[ "Theoretical physics", "Theoretical physicists" ]
6,945,368	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DX%20Studio	DX Studio is a complete integrated development tool for the creation of 3D video games, simulations or real-time interactive applications for either standalone, web based, Microsoft Office or Visual Studio use. Development DX Studio is produced by Worldweaver Ltd, a company that was established in 1996 by Chris Sterli...	DX Studio	[ "Technology" ]	810	[ "IT infrastructure", "Computer libraries" ]
6,945,419	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blondel%27s%20theorem	Blondel's theorem, named after its discoverer, French electrical engineer André Blondel, is the result of his attempt to simplify both the measurement of electrical energy and the validation of such measurements. The result is a simple rule that specifies the minimum number of watt-hour meters required to measure th...	Blondel's theorem	[ "Physics", "Engineering" ]	1,052	[ "Equations of physics", "Physical quantities", "Eponymous theorems of physics", "Power (physics)", "Electric power", "Electrical engineering", "Physics theorems" ]
6,945,596	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tegart%27s%20Wall	Tegart's Wall was a barbed wire fence erected in May–June 1938 by British Mandatory authorities in the Upper Galilee near the northern border of the territory in order to keep militants from infiltrating from French-controlled Mandatory Lebanon and Syria to join the 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine. With time the sec...	Tegart's Wall	[ "Engineering" ]	379	[ "Separation barriers", "Border barriers" ]
6,945,717	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultimate%20failure	In mechanical engineering, ultimate failure describes the breaking of a material. In general there are two types of failure: fracture and buckling. Fracture of a material occurs when either an internal or external crack elongates the width or length of the material. In ultimate failure this will result in one or mor...	Ultimate failure	[ "Engineering" ]	436	[ "Systems engineering", "Maintenance", "Mechanical engineering", "Reliability engineering" ]
6,945,834	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20level%20editors	This is a list of level editors for video games. Level editors allow for the customization and modification of levels within games. Official or single games Generic Gamestudio a commercial level editor for the gamestudio engine Grome by Quad Software GtkRadiant by id Software, Loki Software, Infinity Ward, and Tre...	List of level editors	[ "Technology" ]	193	[ "Computing-related lists", "Video game lists" ]
6,946,171	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canonical%20Huffman%20code	In computer science and information theory, a canonical Huffman code is a particular type of Huffman code with unique properties which allow it to be described in a very compact manner. Rather than storing the structure of the code tree explicitly, canonical Huffman codes are ordered in such a way that it suffices to o...	Canonical Huffman code	[ "Mathematics" ]	1,870	[ "Discrete mathematics", "Coding theory" ]
6,946,381	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exploding%20trousers	In New Zealand in the 1930s, farmers reportedly had trouble with exploding trousers as a result of attempts to control ragwort, an agricultural weed. Farmers had been spraying sodium chlorate, a government recommended weedkiller, onto the ragwort, and some of the spray had ended up on their clothes. Sodium chlorate i...	Exploding trousers	[ "Chemistry" ]	736	[ "Explosions" ]
15,900,261	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20rubber	Smart rubber is a polymeric material that is able to "heal" when torn. Near room temperature this process is reversible and can be cycled several times. Supramolecular self-healing rubber can be processed, re-used, and ultimately recycled. The edges of a tear can be held together, and they will simply re-bond into app...	Smart rubber	[ "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	274	[ "Smart materials", "Materials science" ]
15,900,338	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical%20quality%20management%20system	Clinical quality management systems (CQMS) are systems used in the life sciences sector (primarily in the pharmaceutical, biologics and medical device industries) designed to manage quality management best practices throughout clinical research and clinical study management. A CQMS system is designed to manage all of t...	Clinical quality management system	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	497	[ "Decision support systems", "Data modeling", "Data engineering", "Information systems", "Expert systems" ]
15,901,419	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining%20Remediation%20Authority	The Mining Remediation Authority is a non-departmental public body of the United Kingdom government sponsored by the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (DESNZ). It owns the vast majority of unworked coal in Great Britain, as well as former coal mines, and undertakes a range of functions including: licensing ...	Mining Remediation Authority	[ "Engineering" ]	1,529	[ "Coal organizations", "Energy organizations" ]
15,901,488	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prescribed%20scalar%20curvature%20problem	In Riemannian geometry, a branch of mathematics, the prescribed scalar curvature problem is as follows: given a closed, smooth manifold M and a smooth, real-valued function ƒ on M, construct a Riemannian metric on M whose scalar curvature equals ƒ. Due primarily to the work of J. Kazdan and F. Warner in the 1970s, thi...	Prescribed scalar curvature problem	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	285	[ "Geometric measurement", "Mathematical problems", "Physical quantities", "Curvature (mathematics)" ]
15,902,562	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IT%20risk	Information technology risk, IT risk, IT-related risk, or cyber risk is any risk relating to information technology. While information has long been appreciated as a valuable and important asset, the rise of the knowledge economy and the Digital Revolution has led to organizations becoming increasingly dependent on inf...	IT risk	[ "Engineering" ]	8,662	[ "Cybersecurity engineering", "Data security" ]
15,903,307	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OGLE-TR-123	OGLE-TR-123 is a binary stellar system containing one of the smallest main-sequence stars whose radius has been measured. It was discovered when the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE) survey observed the smaller star eclipsing the larger primary. The orbital period is approximately 1.80 days. OGLE-TR-12...	OGLE-TR-123	[ "Astronomy" ]	219	[ "Carina (constellation)", "Constellations" ]
15,903,638	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellison%20Medical%20Foundation	The Ellison Medical Foundation, a 501(c)(3) Private Nonoperating Foundation, was founded in 1997 and is located in Bethesda, Maryland. The foundation supported research in the following discipline areas: biomedical research on aging, age-related diseases and disabilities. Its major philanthropic support came from Oracl...	Ellison Medical Foundation	[ "Engineering", "Biology" ]	275	[ "Biological engineering", "Bioengineering stubs", "Biotechnology stubs", "Medical technology stubs", "Biotechnology organizations", "Biomedical research foundations", "Medical technology" ]
15,903,779	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron%20and%20Steel%20Corporation%20of%20Great%20Britain	The Iron and Steel Corporation of Great Britain was a nationalised industry, set up in 1949 by Clement Attlee's Labour government. The Iron & Steel Act 1949 took effect on 15 February 1951, the Corporation becoming the sole shareholder of 80 of the principal iron and steel companies (reduced from the 107 proposed in t...	Iron and Steel Corporation of Great Britain	[ "Chemistry" ]	381	[ "Metallurgical industry of the United Kingdom", "Metallurgical industry by country" ]
15,906,222	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyril%20Callister	Cyril Percy Callister (16 February 1893 – 5 October 1949) was an Australian chemist and food technologist who developed the Vegemite yeast spread. As well as Vegemite, he is known for his contributions towards processed cheese. Early life Callister was born on 16 February 1893, in Chute, Victoria near Ballarat, son ...	Cyril Callister	[ "Chemistry" ]	696	[ "Food chemists", "Food chemistry" ]
15,906,926	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratner%27s%20theorems	In mathematics, Ratner's theorems are a group of major theorems in ergodic theory concerning unipotent flows on homogeneous spaces proved by Marina Ratner around 1990. The theorems grew out of Ratner's earlier work on horocycle flows. The study of the dynamics of unipotent flows played a decisive role in the proof of t...	Ratner's theorems	[ "Mathematics" ]	557	[ "Theorems in dynamical systems", "Lie groups", "Mathematical structures", "Mathematical theorems", "Ergodic theory", "Algebraic structures", "Mathematical problems", "Dynamical systems" ]
15,907,019	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological%20design	Ecological design or ecodesign is an approach to designing products and services that gives special consideration to the environmental impacts of a product over its entire lifecycle. Sim Van der Ryn and Stuart Cowan define it as "any form of design that minimizes environmentally destructive impacts by integrating itsel...	Ecological design	[ "Engineering", "Environmental_science" ]	4,184	[ "Environmental design", "Landscape architecture", "Design", "Environmental social science", "Architecture" ]
15,909,264	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EF-G	EF-G (elongation factor G, historically known as translocase) is a prokaryotic elongation factor involved in mRNA translation. As a GTPase, EF-G catalyzes the movement (translocation) of transfer RNA (tRNA) and messenger RNA (mRNA) through the ribosome. Structure Encoded by the fusA gene on the str operon, EF-G is ma...	EF-G	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,868	[ "Protein biosynthesis", "Gene expression", "Biosynthesis" ]
2,964,336	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silyl%20ether	Silyl ethers are a group of chemical compounds which contain a silicon atom covalently bonded to an alkoxy group. The general structure is R1R2R3Si−O−R4 where R4 is an alkyl group or an aryl group. Silyl ethers are usually used as protecting groups for alcohols in organic synthesis. Since R1R2R3 can be combinations of ...	Silyl ether	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,539	[ "Protecting groups", "Functional groups", "Reagents for organic chemistry" ]
2,964,515	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barracuda%20Networks	Barracuda Networks, Inc. provides security, networking and storage products based on network appliances and cloud services. History Barracuda Networks was founded in 2003 by CEO Dean Drako, Michael Perone, and Zach Levow; the company introduced the Barracuda Spam and Virus Firewall in the same year. In 2007, the compa...	Barracuda Networks	[ "Technology" ]	1,380	[ "Computer hardware companies", "Computers" ]
2,964,547	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/POL%20Oxygen	POL Oxygen was an international design, art and architecture quarterly magazine. The magazine existed between 2001 and 2008. It contained extended profiles that look at the lives, ideas and work of people working internationally. It was edited in Sydney, art directed in London, printed in Hong Kong and distributed worl...	POL Oxygen	[ "Engineering" ]	114	[ "Architecture stubs", "Architecture" ]
2,964,610	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thioketone	In organic chemistry, thioketones (; also known as thiones or thiocarbonyls) are organosulfur compounds related to conventional ketones in which the oxygen has been replaced by a sulfur. Instead of a structure of , thioketones have the structure , which is reflected by the prefix "thio-" in the name of the functional g...	Thioketone	[ "Chemistry" ]	801	[ "Functional groups", "Thioketones" ]
2,964,718	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic%20remittance%20advice	An electronic remittance advice (ERA) is an electronic data interchange (EDI) version of a medical insurance payment explanation. It provides details about providers' claims payment, and if the claims are denied, it would then contain the required explanations. The explanations include the denial codes and the descript...	Electronic remittance advice	[ "Technology" ]	158	[ "Computer standards", "Data interchange standards" ]
2,964,733	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trass	Trass is the local name of a volcanic tuff occurring in the Eifel, where it is worked for hydraulic mortar. It is a grey or cream-coloured fragmental rock, largely composed of pumiceous dust, and may be regarded as a trachytic tuff. It much resembles the Italian pozzolana and is applied to like purposes. Mixed with lim...	Trass	[ "Physics", "Engineering" ]	171	[ "Matter", "Natural materials", "Construction", "Materials", "Masonry" ]
2,964,744	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slype	The term slype is a variant of slip in the sense of a narrow passage; in architecture, the name for the covered passage usually found in monasteries or cathedrals between the transept and the chapter house, as at St Andrews, Winchester, Gloucester, Exeter, Durham, St. Albans, Sherborne and Christ Church Cathedral, Oxfo...	Slype	[ "Engineering" ]	100	[ "Rooms", "Architecture" ]
2,964,944	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean%20Fr%C3%A9chet	Jean M.J. Fréchet (born August 1944) is a French-American chemist and professor emeritus at the University of California, Berkeley. He is best known for his work on polymers including polymer-supported chemistry, chemically amplified photoresists, dendrimers, macroporous separation media, and polymers for therapeutics...	Jean Fréchet	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,234	[ "Solid state chemists", "Organic chemists", "French organic chemists", "American organic chemists" ]
2,964,983	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Induction%20furnace	An induction furnace is an electrical furnace in which the heat is applied by induction heating of metal. Induction furnace capacities range from less than one kilogram to one hundred tons, and are used to melt iron and steel, copper, aluminum, and precious metals. The advantage of the induction furnace is a clean, ...	Induction furnace	[ "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	808	[ "Metallurgical processes", "Metallurgy", "Materials science", "Industrial furnaces", "nan" ]
2,965,243	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captive%20breeding	Captive breeding, also known as captive propagation, is the process of keeping plants or animals in controlled environments, such as wildlife reserves, zoos, botanic gardens, and other conservation facilities. It is sometimes employed to help species that are being threatened by the effects of human activities such as ...	Captive breeding	[ "Biology" ]	5,861	[ "Conservation biology", "Zoology" ]
2,965,318	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time%20reversal%20signal%20processing	Time reversal signal processing is a signal processing technique that has three main uses: creating an optimal carrier signal for communication, reconstructing a source event, and focusing high-energy waves to a point in space. A Time Reversal Mirror (TRM) is a device that can focus waves using the time reversal metho...	Time reversal signal processing	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	1,256	[ "Telecommunications engineering", "Computer engineering", "Signal processing" ]
2,965,380	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary%20of%20blogging	This is a list of blogging terms. Blogging, like any hobby, has developed something of a specialized vocabulary. The following is an attempt to explain a few of the more common phrases and words, including etymologies when not obvious. Blog-related terms A Atom A popular feed format developed as an alternative to R...	Glossary of blogging	[ "Technology" ]	1,822	[ "Computing terminology", "Glossaries of computers", "Internet terminology" ]
2,965,726	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markov%20number	A Markov number or Markoff number is a positive integer x, y or z that is part of a solution to the Markov Diophantine equation studied by . The first few Markov numbers are 1, 2, 5, 13, 29, 34, 89, 169, 194, 233, 433, 610, 985, 1325, ... appearing as coordinates of the Markov triples (1, 1, 1), (1, 1, 2), (1, 2, 5)...	Markov number	[ "Mathematics" ]	1,172	[ "Recurrence relations", "Fibonacci numbers", "Mathematical objects", "Equations", "Golden ratio", "Diophantine equations", "Mathematical relations", "Diophantine approximation", "Approximations", "Number theory" ]
2,965,742	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teardrop%20tattoo	The teardrop tattoo or tear tattoo is a symbolic tattoo of a tear that is placed underneath the eye. The teardrop is one of the most widely recognised prison tattoos and has various meanings. It can signify that the wearer has spent time in prison, or more specifically that the wearer was raped while incarcerated and ...	Teardrop tattoo	[ "Mathematics" ]	280	[ "Symbols" ]
2,965,801	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behavior-driven%20development	Behavior-driven development (BDD) involves naming software tests using domain language to describe the behavior of the code. BDD involves use of a domain-specific language (DSL) using natural-language constructs (e.g., English-like sentences) that can express the behavior and the expected outcomes. Proponents claim i...	Behavior-driven development	[ "Engineering" ]	2,189	[ "Software engineering", "Software testing", "Software design", "Design" ]
2,966,204	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/241%20%28number%29	241 (two hundred [and] forty-one) is the natural number between 240 and 242. It is also a prime number. In mathematics 241 is the larger of the twin primes (239, 241). Twin primes are pairs of primes separated by 2. 241 is a regular prime and a lucky prime. Since 241 = 15 × 24 + 1, it is a Proth prime. 241 is a r...	241 (number)	[ "Mathematics" ]	124	[ "Mathematical objects", "Number stubs", "Elementary mathematics", "Integers", "Numbers" ]
2,966,688	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazardous%20Substances%20and%20New%20Organisms%20Act%201996	The Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Act (HSNO) is an Act of Parliament passed in New Zealand in 1996. The New Zealand Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) administers the Act. External links Text of the Act Hazardous Substances and New Organisms at the Ministry of Environment Environmental Protection A...	Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Act 1996	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Technology" ]	83	[ "Materials", "Hazardous materials", "Matter" ]
2,966,798	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space%20Access%20Society	The Space Access Society (SAS) is an organization dedicated to increasing the viability and reducing the cost of commercial access to space travel. It was founded by Henry Vanderbilt, who was the president from the organizations' founding in 1992 until January 2006. Activities The SAS is primarily noted for two activi...	Space Access Society	[ "Astronomy" ]	402	[ "Space advocacy organizations", "Astronomy organizations" ]
2,966,898	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outer%20billiards	Outer billiards is a dynamical system based on a convex shape in the plane. Classically, this system is defined for the Euclidean plane but one can also consider the system in the hyperbolic plane or in other spaces that suitably generalize the plane. Outer billiards differs from a usual dynamical billiard in that it d...	Outer billiards	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	1,694	[ "Mechanics", "Dynamical systems" ]
2,966,927	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astemizole	Astemizole (marketed under the brand name Hismanal, developmental code R43512) was a second-generation antihistamine drug that has a long duration of action. Astemizole was discovered by Janssen Pharmaceutica in 1977. It was withdrawn from the market globally in 1999 because of rare but potentially fatal side effects (...	Astemizole	[ "Chemistry" ]	384	[ "Drug safety", "Withdrawn drugs" ]
2,967,256	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engel%20expansion	The Engel expansion of a positive real number x is the unique non-decreasing sequence of positive integers such that For instance, Euler's number e has the Engel expansion 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, ... corresponding to the infinite series Rational numbers have a finite Engel expansion, while irrational numbers have...	Engel expansion	[ "Mathematics" ]	1,103	[ "Mathematical analysis", "Continued fractions", "Number theory" ]
2,967,608	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20P.%20Collins	Michael Patrick Collins is a Canadian structural engineer whose research is focused on the design and evaluation of reinforced and prestressed concrete buildings, bridges, nuclear containment structures and offshore oil platforms. Biography Collins received his BE from the University of Canterbury in New Zealand in 1...	Michael P. Collins	[ "Engineering" ]	405	[ "Structural engineering", "Structural engineers" ]
2,967,816	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SeaRose%20FPSO	SeaRose FPSO is a floating production, storage and offloading vessel primarily located in the White Rose oil and gas field, approximately 350 kilometres (217 Nm) east-southeast off the coast of Newfoundland, Canada in the North Atlantic Ocean. The White Rose field is currently operated by Cenovus Energy (as of 2021, af...	SeaRose FPSO	[ "Chemistry" ]	374	[ "Floating production storage and offloading vessels", "Petroleum technology" ]
2,968,115	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cup%20%28unit%29	The cup is a cooking measure of volume, commonly associated with cooking and serving sizes. In the US, it is traditionally equal to . Because actual drinking cups may differ greatly from the size of this unit, standard measuring cups may be used, with a metric cup commonly being rounded up to 240 millilitres (legal cup...	Cup (unit)	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	1,712	[ "Units of volume", "Physical quantities", "Metricated units", "Quantity", "Measurement", "Size", "Units of measurement" ]
2,968,531	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single%20address%20space%20operating%20system	In computer science, a single address space operating system (or SASOS) is an operating system that provides only one globally shared address space for all processes. In a single address space operating system, numerically identical (virtual memory) logical addresses in different processes all refer to exactly the same...	Single address space operating system	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	397	[ "Computing stubs", "Computer engineering stubs", "Computer engineering" ]
2,968,782	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weil%20reciprocity%20law	In mathematics, the Weil reciprocity law is a result of André Weil holding in the function field K(C) of an algebraic curve C over an algebraically closed field K. Given functions f and g in K(C), i.e. rational functions on C, then f((g)) = g((f)) where the notation has this meaning: (h) is the divisor of the functio...	Weil reciprocity law	[ "Mathematics" ]	501	[ "Theorems in algebraic geometry", "Theorems in geometry" ]
2,969,334	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FFTW	The Fastest Fourier Transform in the West (FFTW) is a software library for computing discrete Fourier transforms (DFTs) developed by Matteo Frigo and Steven G. Johnson at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. FFTW is one of the fastest free software implementations of the fast Fourier transform (FFT). It implemen...	FFTW	[ "Mathematics" ]	651	[ "Free mathematics software", "Mathematical software" ]
2,969,494	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20Wedderburn	Joseph Henry Maclagan Wedderburn FRSE FRS (2 February 1882 – 9 October 1948) was a Scottish mathematician, who taught at Princeton University for most of his career. A significant algebraist, he proved that a finite division algebra is a field (Wedderburn's little theorem), and part of the Artin–Wedderburn theorem on s...	Joseph Wedderburn	[ "Mathematics" ]	1,478	[ "Algebra", "Algebraists" ]
2,969,642	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PolyAMPS	PolyAMPS, or poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid) (trademark of the Lubrizol Corporation), is an organic polymer. It is water-soluble, forms gels when cross linked, and acts as a strong anionic polyelectrolyte. It can be used for ion exchange resins. It can form hydrogels. See also 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl...	PolyAMPS	[ "Chemistry" ]	122	[ "Polymer stubs", "Organic chemistry stubs" ]
2,969,710	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PolyAPTAC	PolyAPTAC, or poly (acrylamido-N-propyltrimethylammonium chloride), is an organic polymer. It is water-soluble, forms gels when cross linked, and acts as a cationic polyelectrolyte. It can be used for ion exchange resins. It can form hydrogels. PolyMAPTAC, or poly[(3-(methacryloylamino)-propyl] trimethylammonium chlor...	PolyAPTAC	[ "Chemistry" ]	121	[ "Polymer stubs", "Organic chemistry stubs" ]
2,969,851	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EcoHealth%20Alliance	EcoHealth Alliance (EHA) is a US-based non-governmental organization with a stated mission of protecting people, animals, and the environment from emerging infectious diseases. The nonprofit organization focuses on research aimed at preventing pandemics and promoting conservation in hotspot regions worldwide. The EcoH...	EcoHealth Alliance	[ "Environmental_science" ]	2,146	[ "Environmental microbiology" ]
2,970,014	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beam%20emittance	In accelerator physics, emittance is a property of a charged particle beam. It refers to the area occupied by the beam in a position-and-momentum phase space. Each particle in a beam can be described by its position and momentum along each of three orthogonal axes, for a total of six position and momentum coordinates....	Beam emittance	[ "Physics" ]	3,384	[ "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Accelerator physics", "Experimental physics" ]
2,970,044	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation%20damping	Radiation damping in accelerator physics is a phenomenum where betatron oscillations and longitudinal oscilations of the particle are damped due to energy loss by synchrotron radiation. It can be used to reduce the beam emittance of a high-velocity charged particle beam. The two main ways of using radiation damping to...	Radiation damping	[ "Physics" ]	881	[ "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Accelerator physics", "Experimental physics" ]
2,970,168	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einstein%20relation%20%28kinetic%20theory%29	In physics (specifically, the kinetic theory of gases), the Einstein relation is a previously unexpected connection revealed independently by William Sutherland in 1904, Albert Einstein in 1905, and by Marian Smoluchowski in 1906 in their works on Brownian motion. The more general form of the equation in the classical ...	Einstein relation (kinetic theory)	[ "Physics" ]	1,214	[ "Statistical mechanics" ]
2,970,178	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Lefthanders%20Day	International Left Handers Day is an international day observed annually on August 13 to celebrate the uniqueness and differences of left-handed individuals. The day was first observed in 1976 by Dean R. Campbell, founder of the Left-handers Club. This day was established to raise awareness about the challenges and exp...	International Lefthanders Day	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	190	[ "Behavior", "Motor control", "Chirality", "Asymmetry", "Handedness", "Symmetry" ]
2,970,278	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Added%20value	Added value in financial analysis of shares is to be distinguished from value added. It is used as a measure of shareholder value, calculated using the formula: Added Value = The selling price of a product - the cost of bought-in materials and components Added Value can also be defined as the difference between a par...	Added value	[ "Mathematics" ]	264	[ "Financial ratios", "Quantity", "Metrics" ]
2,970,426	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putto	A putto (; plural putti ) is a figure in a work of art depicted as a chubby male child, usually naked and very often winged. Originally limited to profane passions in symbolism, the putto came to represent a sort of baby angel in religious art, often called a cherub (plural cherubim), though in traditional Christian th...	Putto	[ "Mathematics" ]	1,148	[ "Symbols", "Visual motifs" ]
1,500,452	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steering%20pole	A steering pole is a light spar extending from the bow of a straight deck ship which aids the wheelsman in steering. Ancient literature indicates that steering poles have long been part of boat construction, and are referred to in ancient texts such as the Epic of Gilgamesh. References Shipbuilding	Steering pole	[ "Engineering" ]	59	[ "Shipbuilding", "Marine engineering" ]
1,500,456	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel%20Haughton	Samuel Haughton (21 December 1821 – 31 October 1897) was an Irish clergyman, medical doctor, and scientific writer. Biography The scientist Samuel Haughton was born in Carlow, the son of another Samuel Haughton (1786-1874) and grandson (by his second wife Jane Boake) of the three-times-married Samuel Pearson Haughton ...	Samuel Haughton	[ "Biology" ]	1,416	[ "Non-Darwinian evolution", "Theistic evolutionists", "Biology theories" ]
1,500,520	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross%20sea	A cross sea (also referred to as a squared sea or square waves) is a sea state of wind-generated ocean waves that form nonparallel wave systems. Cross seas have a large amount of directional spreading. This may occur when water waves from one weather system continue despite a shift in wind. Waves generated by the new w...	Cross sea	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	217	[ "Water waves", "Waves", "Physical phenomena", "Fluid dynamics" ]
1,500,631	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel%20Definition%20Format	Channel Definition Format (CDF) was an XML file format formerly used in conjunction with Microsoft's Active Channel, Active Desktop and Smart Offline Favorites technologies. The format was designed to "offer frequently updated collections of information, or channels, from any web server for automatic delivery to compat...	Channel Definition Format	[ "Technology" ]	626	[ "Computer standards", "XML-based standards" ]
1,500,768	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopard%20%28rocket%29	Leopard is the name of a British double stage experimental supersonic test rocket, which was launched between 1959 and 1962 eleven times from Aberporth. The Leopard has a flight altitude of 20 kilometres, a launch mass of 1.5 tons and a length of 6 metres. The 2 stage aerodynamic test vehicle consisted of one Rook soli...	Leopard (rocket)	[ "Astronomy" ]	176	[ "Rocketry stubs", "Astronomy stubs" ]
1,500,806	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rook%20%28rocket%29	Rook is the name of a British rocket. Twenty five Rook rockets were launched between 1959 and 1972. The launches took place from Aberporth in Wales and from Woomera in South Australia. The Rook has a maximum flight altitude of 20 kilometres, a launch mass of 1.2 tons and a length of 5 metres. External links https://we...	Rook (rocket)	[ "Astronomy" ]	110	[ "Rocketry stubs", "Astronomy stubs" ]
1,501,024	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyadic%20transformation	The dyadic transformation (also known as the dyadic map, bit shift map, 2x mod 1 map, Bernoulli map, doubling map or sawtooth map) is the mapping (i.e., recurrence relation) (where is the set of sequences from ) produced by the rule . Equivalently, the dyadic transformation can also be defined as the iterat...	Dyadic transformation	[ "Mathematics" ]	3,235	[ "Functions and mappings", "Mathematical objects", "Mathematical relations", "Chaotic maps", "Dynamical systems" ]
1,501,173	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual%20DOS%20machine	Virtual DOS machines (VDM) refer to a technology that allows running 16-bit/32-bit DOS and 16-bit Windows programs when there is already another operating system running and controlling the hardware. Overview Virtual DOS machines can operate either exclusively through typical software emulation methods (e.g. dynamic r...	Virtual DOS machine	[ "Engineering" ]	3,054	[ "Computer networks engineering", "Virtualization" ]
1,501,218	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baratol	Baratol is an explosive made of a mixture of TNT and barium nitrate, with a small quantity (about 1%) of paraffin wax used as a phlegmatizing agent. TNT typically makes up 25% to 33% of the mixture. Because of the high density of barium nitrate, Baratol has a density of at least 2.5 g/cm3. Baratol, which has a detonat...	Baratol	[ "Chemistry" ]	192	[ "Explosive chemicals", "Trinitrotoluene", "Explosives", "Explosions" ]
1,501,233	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double%20fault	On the x86 architecture, a double fault exception occurs if the processor encounters a problem while trying to service a pending interrupt or exception. An example situation when a double fault would occur is when an interrupt is triggered but the segment in which the interrupt handler resides is invalid. If the proces...	Double fault	[ "Technology" ]	212	[ "Computer errors" ]
1,501,313	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SN%201006	SN 1006 was a supernova that is likely the brightest observed stellar event in recorded history, reaching an estimated −7.5 visual magnitude, and exceeding roughly sixteen times the brightness of Venus. Appearing between April 30 and May 1, 1006, in the constellation of Lupus, this "guest star" was described by observe...	SN 1006	[ "Chemistry", "Astronomy" ]	1,378	[ "Supernovae", "History of astronomy", "Astronomical events", "Constellations", "Historical supernovae", "Explosions", "Lupus (constellation)" ]
1,501,608	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montmorillonite	Montmorillonite is a very soft phyllosilicate group of minerals that form when they precipitate from water solution as microscopic crystals, known as clay. It is named after Montmorillon in France. Montmorillonite, a member of the smectite group, is a 2:1 clay, meaning that it has two tetrahedral sheets of silica sandw...	Montmorillonite	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	1,410	[ "Catalysis", "Catalysts", "Luminescence", "Luminescent minerals", "Desiccants", "Materials", "Chemical kinetics", "Matter" ]
1,501,761	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exopolymer	An exopolymer is a biopolymer that is secreted by an organism into the environment (i.e. external to the organism). These exopolymers include the biofilms produced by bacteria to anchor them and protect them from environmental conditions. One type of expolymer, Transparent Exopolymers (TEP), found in both marine and a...	Exopolymer	[ "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Biology" ]	324	[ "Natural products", "Biochemistry", "Biotechnology stubs", "Organic compounds", "Biochemistry stubs", "Biomolecules", "Molecular biology", "Polymer chemistry", "Polymers", "Structural biology" ]
1,501,800	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive%20distillation	Destructive distillation is a chemical process in which decomposition of unprocessed material is achieved by heating it to a high temperature; the term generally applies to processing of organic material in the absence of air or in the presence of limited amounts of oxygen or other reagents, catalysts, or solvents, su...	Destructive distillation	[ "Chemistry" ]	773	[ "Separation processes", "Pyrolysis", "Oil shale technology", "Organic reactions", "Distillation", "Synthetic fuel technologies" ]
1,501,948	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20momentum	In solid-state physics, crystal momentum or quasimomentum is a momentum-like vector associated with electrons in a crystal lattice. It is defined by the associated wave vectors of this lattice, according to (where is the reduced Planck constant). Frequently, crystal momentum is conserved like mechanical momentum, m...	Crystal momentum	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Mathematics" ]	1,204	[ "Electron", "Physical quantities", "Quantity", "Electronic band structures", "Condensed matter physics", "Momentum", "Moment (physics)" ]
1,501,977	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receptor-mediated%20endocytosis	Receptor-mediated endocytosis (RME), also called clathrin-mediated endocytosis, is a process by which cells absorb metabolites, hormones, proteins – and in some cases viruses – by the inward budding of the plasma membrane (invagination). This process forms vesicles containing the absorbed substances and is strictly med...	Receptor-mediated endocytosis	[ "Biology" ]	894	[ "Cellular processes" ]
1,501,989	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital%20plane%20of%20reference	In celestial mechanics, the orbital plane of reference (or orbital reference plane) is the plane used to define orbital elements (positions). The two main orbital elements that are measured with respect to the plane of reference are the inclination and the longitude of the ascending node. Depending on the type of body...	Orbital plane of reference	[ "Mathematics" ]	241	[ "Planes (geometry)", "Mathematical objects", "Infinity" ]
1,502,597	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex-chromosome%20dosage%20compensation	Dosage compensation is the process by which organisms equalize the expression of genes between members of different biological sexes. Across species, different sexes are often characterized by different types and numbers of sex chromosomes. In order to neutralize the large difference in gene dosage produced by differin...	Sex-chromosome dosage compensation	[ "Biology" ]	6,704	[ "Genetics" ]
1,502,660	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-inactivation	X-inactivation (also called Lyonization, after English geneticist Mary Lyon) is a process by which one of the copies of the X chromosome is inactivated in therian female mammals. The inactive X chromosome is silenced by being packaged into a transcriptionally inactive structure called heterochromatin. As nearly all fem...	X-inactivation	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	4,592	[ "Female", "Genetics", "Sex", "Sex-determination systems", "Molecular genetics", "Molecular biology" ]
1,502,748	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La%20Noumbi	La Noumbi is a floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) unit operated by Perenco. The vessel, converted from the former Finnish Aframax crude oil tanker Tempera by Keppel Corporation, will replace an older FPSO unit in the Yombo field off the Republic of Congo in 2018. Built at Sumitomo Heavy Industries in Ja...	La Noumbi	[ "Chemistry" ]	2,703	[ "Floating production storage and offloading vessels", "Petroleum technology" ]
1,502,835	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetohydrodynamic%20generator	A magnetohydrodynamic generator (MHD generator) is a magnetohydrodynamic converter that transforms thermal energy and kinetic energy directly into electricity. An MHD generator, like a conventional generator, relies on moving a conductor through a magnetic field to generate electric current. The MHD generator uses hot ...	Magnetohydrodynamic generator	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Technology", "Engineering" ]	5,936	[ "Electrical generators", "Machines", "Plasma physics", "Plasma technology and applications", "Chemical engineering", "Physical systems", "nan" ]
1,502,929	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calomel	Calomel is a mercury chloride mineral with formula Hg2Cl2 (see mercury(I) chloride). It was used as a medicine from the 16th to early 20th century, despite frequently causing mercury poisoning in patients. The name derives from Greek kalos (beautiful) and melas (black) because it turns black on reaction with ammonia. ...	Calomel	[ "Chemistry" ]	2,140	[ "Drug safety", "Withdrawn drugs" ]
1,503,112	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domed%20city	A domed city is a hypothetical structure that encloses a large urban area under a single roof. In most descriptions, the dome is airtight and pressurized, creating a habitat that can be controlled for air temperature, composition and quality, typically due to an external atmosphere (or lack thereof) that is inimical to...	Domed city	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	831	[ "Exploratory engineering", "Proposed arcologies", "Architecture related to utopias", "Architecture" ]
1,503,166	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal%20yield	In formal language theory, the terminal yield (or fringe) of a tree is the sequence of leaves encountered in an ordered walk of the tree. Parse trees and/or derivation trees are encountered in the study of phrase structure grammars such as context-free grammars or linear grammars. The leaves of a derivation tree for ...	Terminal yield	[ "Mathematics" ]	143	[ "Formal languages", "Mathematical logic" ]
1,503,224	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local%20boundedness	In mathematics, a function is locally bounded if it is bounded around every point. A family of functions is locally bounded if for any point in their domain all the functions are bounded around that point and by the same number. Locally bounded function A real-valued or complex-valued function defined on some topolo...	Local boundedness	[ "Mathematics" ]	922	[ "Mathematical analysis", "Functions and mappings", "Functional analysis", "Theory of continuous functions", "Mathematical objects", "Topology", "Mathematical relations" ]
1,503,460	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McNeill%27s%20law	In human geography, McNeill's law is the process outlined in William H. McNeill's book Plagues and Peoples. The process described concerns the role of microbial disease in the conquering of people-groups. Particularly, it describes how diseases such as smallpox, measles, typhus, scarlet fever, and sexually-transmitted...	McNeill's law	[ "Environmental_science" ]	414	[ "Epidemiology", "Environmental social science", "Human geography" ]
1,503,549	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrispijn%20van%20den%20Broeck	Chrispijn van den Broeck (1523 – c. 1591) was a Flemish painter, draughtsman, print designer and designer of temporary decorations. He was a scion of a family of artists, which had its origins in Mechelen and later moved to Antwerp. He is known for his religious compositions and portraits as well as his extensive outp...	Chrispijn van den Broeck	[ "Engineering" ]	1,379	[]

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