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666 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali%20metal | |-
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The alkali metals consist of the chemical elements lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), caesium (Cs), and francium (Fr). Together with hydrogen they constitut... | Alkali metal | [
"Chemistry"
] | 22,635 | [
"Periodic table",
"Groups (periodic table)"
] |
673 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic%20number | The atomic number or nuclear charge number (symbol Z) of a chemical element is the charge number of its atomic nucleus. For ordinary nuclei composed of protons and neutrons, this is equal to the proton number (np) or the number of protons found in the nucleus of every atom of that element. The atomic number can be used... | Atomic number | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 2,311 | [
"Quantity",
"Chemical quantities",
"Mathematical objects",
"Numbers",
"Arithmetic",
"nan",
"Nuclear physics",
"Atoms",
"Dimensionless numbers of chemistry",
"Matter"
] |
674 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomy | Anatomy () is the branch of morphology concerned with the study of the internal structure of organisms and their parts. Anatomy is a branch of natural science that deals with the structural organization of living things. It is an old science, having its beginnings in prehistoric times. Anatomy is inherently tied to dev... | Anatomy | [
"Biology"
] | 8,503 | [
"Anatomy",
"nan",
"Morphology (biology)"
] |
677 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambiguity | Ambiguity is the type of meaning in which a phrase, statement, or resolution is not explicitly defined, making for several interpretations; others describe it as a concept or statement that has no real reference. A common aspect of ambiguity is uncertainty. It is thus an attribute of any idea or statement whose intende... | Ambiguity | [
"Mathematics"
] | 4,904 | [
"nan"
] |
681 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aardwolf | The aardwolf (Proteles cristatus) is an insectivorous hyaenid species, native to East and Southern Africa. Its name means "earth-wolf" in Afrikaans and Dutch. It is also called the maanhaar-jackal (Afrikaans for "mane-jackal"), termite-eating hyena and civet hyena, based on its habit of secreting substances from its an... | Aardwolf | [
"Biology"
] | 2,670 | [
"Nocturnal animals",
"Animals"
] |
682 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe | Adobe ( ; ) is a building material made from earth and organic materials. is Spanish for mudbrick. In some English-speaking regions of Spanish heritage, such as the Southwestern United States, the term is used to refer to any kind of earthen construction, or various architectural styles like Pueblo Revival or Territor... | Adobe | [
"Engineering"
] | 3,030 | [
"Construction",
"Sustainable building",
"Masonry",
"Building engineering"
] |
713 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android%20%28robot%29 | An android is a humanoid robot or other artificial being, often made from a flesh-like material. Historically, androids existed only in the domain of science fiction and were frequently seen in film and television, but advances in robot technology have allowed the design of functional and realistic humanoid robots.
Te... | Android (robot) | [
"Physics",
"Technology",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 3,597 | [
"Machines",
"Behavior",
"Robots",
"Physical systems",
"Android (robot)",
"Human–machine interaction",
"Design",
"Human behavior"
] |
736 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert%20Einstein | Albert Einstein (, ; ; 14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist who is best known for developing the theory of relativity. Einstein also made important contributions to quantum mechanics. His mass–energy equivalence formula , which arises from special relativity, has been called "the world... | Albert Einstein | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 15,570 | [
"Philosophers of mathematics",
"Quantum physicists",
"Quantum mechanics"
] |
772 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere | The ampere ( , ; symbol: A), often shortened to amp, is the unit of electric current in the International System of Units (SI). One ampere is equal to 1 coulomb (C) moving past a point per second. It is named after French mathematician and physicist André-Marie Ampère (1775–1836), considered the father of electromagn... | Ampere | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,291 | [
"Quantity",
"Units of electric current",
"Units of measurement"
] |
775 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algorithm | In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm () is a finite sequence of mathematically rigorous instructions, typically used to solve a class of specific problems or to perform a computation. Algorithms are used as specifications for performing calculations and data processing. More advanced algorithms can use con... | Algorithm | [
"Mathematics"
] | 6,223 | [
"Theoretical computer science",
"Applied mathematics",
"Algorithms",
"Mathematical logic"
] |
782 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouthwash | Mouthwash, mouth rinse, oral rinse, or mouth bath is a liquid which is held in the mouth passively or swirled around the mouth by contraction of the perioral muscles and/or movement of the head, and may be gargled, where the head is tilted back and the liquid bubbled at the back of the mouth.
Usually mouthwashes are a... | Mouthwash | [
"Chemistry"
] | 5,581 | [
"Pharmacology",
"Drug delivery devices"
] |
791 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid | An asteroid is a minor planet—an object that is neither a true planet nor an identified comet— that orbits within the inner Solar System. They are rocky, metallic, or icy bodies with no atmosphere, classified as C-type (carbonaceous), M-type (metallic), or S-type (silicaceous). The size and shape of asteroids vary sign... | Asteroid | [
"Astronomy"
] | 11,989 | [
"Outer space",
"Solar System"
] |
798 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aries%20%28constellation%29 | Aries is one of the constellations of the zodiac. It is located in the Northern celestial hemisphere between Pisces to the west and Taurus to the east. The name Aries is Latin for ram. Its old astronomical symbol is (♈︎). It is one of the 48 constellations described by the 2nd century astronomer Ptolemy, and remains ... | Aries (constellation) | [
"Astronomy"
] | 5,509 | [
"Constellations listed by Ptolemy",
"Constellations",
"Northern constellations",
"Sky regions",
"Aries (constellation)"
] |
799 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquarius%20%28constellation%29 | Aquarius is an equatorial constellation of the zodiac, between Capricornus and Pisces. Its name is Latin for "water-carrier" or "cup-carrier", and its old astronomical symbol is (♒︎), a representation of water. Aquarius is one of the oldest of the recognized constellations along the zodiac (the Sun's apparent path). I... | Aquarius (constellation) | [
"Astronomy"
] | 3,960 | [
"Constellations listed by Ptolemy",
"Aquarius (constellation)",
"Constellations",
"Sky regions",
"Equatorial constellations"
] |
840 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axiom%20of%20choice | In mathematics, the axiom of choice, abbreviated AC or AoC, is an axiom of set theory equivalent to the statement that a Cartesian product of a collection of non-empty sets is non-empty. Informally put, the axiom of choice says that given any collection of sets, each containing at least one element, it is possible to c... | Axiom of choice | [
"Mathematics"
] | 8,023 | [
"Axiom of choice",
"Axioms of set theory",
"Mathematical axioms"
] |
851 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred%20Nobel | Alfred Bernhard Nobel ( , ; 21 October 1833 – 10 December 1896) was a Swedish chemist, inventor, engineer and businessman. He is known for inventing dynamite as well as having bequeathed his fortune to establish the Nobel Prizes. He also made several other important contributions to science, holding 355 patents during ... | Alfred Nobel | [
"Engineering"
] | 3,712 | [
"Explosives engineering",
"Explosives engineers"
] |
856 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple%20Inc. | Apple Inc. is an American multinational corporation and technology company headquartered in Cupertino, California, in Silicon Valley. It is best known for its consumer electronics, software, and services. Founded in 1976 as Apple Computer Company by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne, the company was incorporat... | Apple Inc. | [
"Technology"
] | 16,955 | [
"Computer hardware companies",
"Computer systems companies",
"Computers",
"Computer systems"
] |
880 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABBA | ABBA were a Swedish pop group formed in Stockholm in 1972 by Agnetha Fältskog, Björn Ulvaeus, Benny Andersson, Anni-Frid Lyngstad. They are one of the most popular and successful musical groups of all time, and are one of the best-selling music acts in the history of popular music.
In , ABBA became 's first winner of ... | ABBA | [
"Physics"
] | 18,261 | [
"Symmetry",
"Palindromes"
] |
896 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon | Argon is a chemical element; it has symbol Ar and atomic number 18. It is in group 18 of the periodic table and is a noble gas. Argon is the third most abundant gas in Earth's atmosphere, at 0.934% (9340 ppmv). It is more than twice as abundant as water vapor (which averages about 4000 ppmv, but varies greatly), 23 tim... | Argon | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 3,963 | [
"Noble gases",
"Chemical elements",
"Nonmetals",
"Industrial gases",
"Chemical process engineering",
"Atoms",
"Matter"
] |
897 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsenic | Arsenic is a chemical element with the symbol As and the atomic number 33. It is a metalloid and one of the pnictogens, and therefore shares many properties with its group 15 neighbors phosphorus and antimony. Arsenic is a notoriously toxic heavy metal. It occurs naturally in many minerals, usually in combination with ... | Arsenic | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 10,952 | [
"Matter",
"Chemical elements",
"Endocrine disruptors",
"Materials",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Teratogens",
"Atoms",
"Semimetals"
] |
898 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimony | Antimony is a chemical element; it has symbol Sb () and atomic number 51. A lustrous grey metal or metalloid, it is found in nature mainly as the sulfide mineral stibnite (Sb2S3). Antimony compounds have been known since ancient times and were powdered for use as medicine and cosmetics, often known by the Arabic name k... | Antimony | [
"Physics"
] | 5,545 | [
"Chemical elements",
"Materials",
"Nuclear materials",
"Atoms",
"Matter"
] |
899 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actinium | Actinium is a chemical element; it has symbol Ac and atomic number 89. It was first isolated by Friedrich Oskar Giesel in 1902, who gave it the name emanium; the element got its name by being wrongly identified with a substance André-Louis Debierne found in 1899 and called actinium. The actinide series, a set of 15 ele... | Actinium | [
"Physics"
] | 4,100 | [
"Chemical elements",
"Atoms",
"Matter"
] |
900 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americium | Americium is a synthetic chemical element; it has symbol Am and atomic number 95. It is radioactive and a transuranic member of the actinide series in the periodic table, located under the lanthanide element europium and was thus named after the Americas by analogy.
Americium was first produced in 1944 by the group of... | Americium | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Environmental_science"
] | 8,399 | [
"Matter",
"Toxicology",
"Chemical elements",
"Synthetic materials",
"Synthetic elements",
"Carcinogens",
"Atoms",
"Radioactivity"
] |
901 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astatine | Astatine is a chemical element; it has symbol At and atomic number 85. It is the rarest naturally occurring element in the Earth's crust, occurring only as the decay product of various heavier elements. All of astatine's isotopes are short-lived; the most stable is astatine-210, with a half-life of 8.1 hours. Consequen... | Astatine | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 7,216 | [
"Matter",
"Chemical elements",
"Synthetic materials",
"Synthetic elements",
"Atoms",
"Radioactivity"
] |
902 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom | Atoms are the basic particles of the chemical elements. An atom consists of a nucleus of protons and generally neutrons, surrounded by an electromagnetically bound swarm of electrons. The chemical elements are distinguished from each other by the number of protons that are in their atoms. For example, any atom that co... | Atom | [
"Physics"
] | 10,285 | [
"Atoms",
"Matter"
] |
904 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium | Aluminium (or aluminum in North American English) is a chemical element; it has symbol Al and atomic number 13. Aluminium has a density lower than that of other common metals, about one-third that of steel. It has a great affinity towards oxygen, forming a protective layer of oxide on the surface when exposed to air. A... | Aluminium | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 11,070 | [
"Chemical elements",
"Redox",
"Aluminium alloys",
"Reducing agents",
"Materials",
"Alloys",
"Electrical conductors",
"Atoms",
"Matter"
] |
928 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axiom | An axiom, postulate, or assumption is a statement that is taken to be true, to serve as a premise or starting point for further reasoning and arguments. The word comes from the Ancient Greek word (), meaning 'that which is thought worthy or fit' or 'that which commends itself as evident'.
The precise definition varie... | Axiom | [
"Mathematics"
] | 5,242 | [
"Mathematical logic",
"Mathematical axioms"
] |
988 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied%20ethics | Applied ethics is the practical aspect of moral considerations. It is ethics with respect to real-world actions and their moral considerations in private and public life, the professions, health, technology, law, and leadership. For example, bioethics is concerned with identifying the best approach to moral issues in t... | Applied ethics | [
"Biology"
] | 1,052 | [
"Behavior",
"Human behavior",
"Applied ethics"
] |
991 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolute%20value | In mathematics, the absolute value or modulus of a real number , is the non-negative value without regard to its sign. Namely, if is a positive number, and if is negative (in which case negating makes positive), and For example, the absolute value of 3 and the absolute value of −3 is The absolute value of a ... | Absolute value | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,727 | [
"Mathematical analysis",
"Special functions",
"Real numbers",
"Mathematical objects",
"Combinatorics",
"Norms (mathematics)",
"Numbers"
] |
993 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analog%20signal | An analog signal (American English) or analogue signal (British and Commonwealth English) is any continuous-time signal representing some other quantity, i.e., analogous to another quantity. For example, in an analog audio signal, the instantaneous signal voltage varies continuously with the pressure of the sound waves... | Analog signal | [
"Engineering"
] | 549 | [
"Electronic design",
"Analog circuits",
"Electronic engineering",
"Design"
] |
1,014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol%20%28chemistry%29 | In chemistry, an alcohol (), is a type of organic compound that carries at least one hydroxyl () functional group bound to a saturated carbon atom. Alcohols range from the simple, like methanol and ethanol, to complex, like sugars and cholesterol. The presence of an OH group strongly modifies the properties of hydrocar... | Alcohol (chemistry) | [
"Chemistry"
] | 4,295 | [
"Functional groups",
"nan"
] |
1,021 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspect%20ratio | The aspect ratio of a geometric shape is the ratio of its sizes in different dimensions. For example, the aspect ratio of a rectangle is the ratio of its longer side to its shorter side—the ratio of width to height, when the rectangle is oriented as a "landscape".
The aspect ratio is most often expressed as two intege... | Aspect ratio | [
"Mathematics"
] | 884 | [
"Arithmetic",
"Ratios"
] |
1,130 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna | Ibn Sina (; – 22 June 1037), commonly known in the West as Avicenna (), was a preeminent philosopher and physician of the Muslim world, flourishing during the Islamic Golden Age, serving in the courts of various Iranian rulers. He is often described as the father of early modern medicine. His philosophy was of the Per... | Avicenna | [
"Mathematics"
] | 11,223 | [] |
1,134 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analysis | Analysis (: analyses) is the process of breaking a complex topic or substance into smaller parts in order to gain a better understanding of it. The technique has been applied in the study of mathematics and logic since before Aristotle (384–322 B.C.), though analysis as a formal concept is a relatively recent developme... | Analysis | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,790 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Mathematical modeling"
] |
1,158 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebraic%20number | An algebraic number is a number that is a root of a non-zero polynomial in one variable with integer (or, equivalently, rational) coefficients. For example, the golden ratio, , is an algebraic number, because it is a root of the polynomial . That is, it is a value for x for which the polynomial evaluates to zero. As ... | Algebraic number | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,876 | [
"Algebraic numbers",
"Mathematical objects",
"Numbers"
] |
1,160 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automorphism | In mathematics, an automorphism is an isomorphism from a mathematical object to itself. It is, in some sense, a symmetry of the object, and a way of mapping the object to itself while preserving all of its structure. The set of all automorphisms of an object forms a group, called the automorphism group. It is, loosely ... | Automorphism | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,582 | [
"Functions and mappings",
"Mathematical structures",
"Algebra",
"Mathematical objects",
"Category theory",
"Mathematical relations",
"Geometry",
"Abstract algebra",
"Symmetry",
"Morphisms"
] |
1,164 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial%20intelligence | Artificial intelligence (AI), in its broadest sense, is intelligence exhibited by machines, particularly computer systems. It is a field of research in computer science that develops and studies methods and software that enable machines to perceive their environment and use learning and intelligence to take actions tha... | Artificial intelligence | [
"Technology"
] | 18,062 | [
"Computational fields of study",
"Computing and society"
] |
1,170 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architect | An architect is a person who plans, designs, and oversees the construction of buildings. To practice architecture means to provide services in connection with the design of buildings and the space within the site surrounding the buildings that have human occupancy or use as their principal purpose. Etymologically, the ... | Architect | [
"Engineering"
] | 3,297 | [
"Architects",
"Architecture occupations",
"Architecture"
] |
1,176 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antisymmetric%20relation | In mathematics, a binary relation on a set is antisymmetric if there is no pair of distinct elements of each of which is related by to the other. More formally, is antisymmetric precisely if for all
or equivalently,
The definition of antisymmetry says nothing about whether actually holds or not for any . An an... | Antisymmetric relation | [
"Mathematics"
] | 512 | [
"Properties of binary relations",
"Mathematical relations",
"Binary relations"
] |
1,181 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrometry | Astrometry is a branch of astronomy that involves precise measurements of the positions and movements of stars and other celestial bodies. It provides the kinematics and physical origin of the Solar System and this galaxy, the Milky Way.
History
The history of astrometry is linked to the history of star catalogues, w... | Astrometry | [
"Astronomy"
] | 1,821 | [
"Astrometry",
"Astronomical sub-disciplines"
] |
1,187 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alloy | An alloy is a mixture of chemical elements of which in most cases at least one is a metallic element, although it is also sometimes used for mixtures of elements; herein only metallic alloys are described. Most alloys are metallic and show good electrical conductivity, ductility, opacity, and luster, and may have prope... | Alloy | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 5,855 | [
"Metallurgy",
"Materials science",
"Chemical mixtures",
"Alloys",
"nan"
] |
1,196 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle | In Euclidean geometry, an angle or plane angle is the figure formed by two rays, called the sides of the angle, sharing a common endpoint, called the vertex of the angle.
Two intersecting curves may also define an angle, which is the angle of the rays lying tangent to the respective curves at their point of intersectio... | Angle | [
"Physics"
] | 4,260 | [
"Geometric measurement",
"Scalar physical quantities",
"Physical quantities",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities",
"Angle"
] |
1,198 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustics | Acoustics is a branch of physics that deals with the study of mechanical waves in gases, liquids, and solids including topics such as vibration, sound, ultrasound and infrasound. A scientist who works in the field of acoustics is an acoustician while someone working in the field of acoustics technology may be called an... | Acoustics | [
"Physics"
] | 4,201 | [
"Classical mechanics",
"Acoustics"
] |
1,200 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic%20physics | Atomic physics is the field of physics that studies atoms as an isolated system of electrons and an atomic nucleus. Atomic physics typically refers to the study of atomic structure and the interaction between atoms. It is primarily concerned with the way in which electrons are arranged around the nucleus and
the proces... | Atomic physics | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,662 | [
"Quantum mechanics",
"Atomic physics",
" molecular",
"Atomic",
" and optical physics"
] |
1,202 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applet | In computing, an applet is any small application that performs one specific task that runs within the scope of a dedicated widget engine or a larger program, often as a plug-in. The term is frequently used to refer to a Java applet, a program written in the Java programming language that is designed to be placed on a w... | Applet | [
"Technology"
] | 1,147 | [
"Component-based software engineering",
"Components"
] |
1,206 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic%20orbital | In quantum mechanics, an atomic orbital () is a function describing the location and wave-like behavior of an electron in an atom. This function describes an electron's charge distribution around the atom's nucleus, and can be used to calculate the probability of finding an electron in a specific region around the nucl... | Atomic orbital | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 10,497 | [
"Electron",
"Quantum chemistry",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Theoretical chemistry",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Atomic physics",
" molecular",
"Atomic",
"nan",
"Chemical bonding",
"Electron states",
" and optical physics"
] |
1,207 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amino%20acid | Amino acids are organic compounds that contain both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups. Although over 500 amino acids exist in nature, by far the most important are the 22 α-amino acids incorporated into proteins. Only these 22 appear in the genetic code of life.
Amino acids can be classified according to the... | Amino acid | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 7,760 | [
"Biomolecules by chemical classification",
"Matter",
"Amino acids",
"Nitrogen cycle",
"Zwitterions",
"Metabolism",
"Ions"
] |
1,208 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan%20Turing | Alan Mathison Turing (; 23 June 1912 – 7 June 1954) was an English mathematician, computer scientist, logician, cryptanalyst, philosopher and theoretical biologist. He was highly influential in the development of theoretical computer science, providing a formalisation of the concepts of algorithm and computation with t... | Alan Turing | [
"Technology",
"Biology"
] | 9,841 | [
"Bioinformatics",
"Theoretical biologists",
"History of computing",
"History of computing in the United Kingdom"
] |
1,209 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area | Area is the measure of a region's size on a surface. The area of a plane region or plane area refers to the area of a shape or planar lamina, while surface area refers to the area of an open surface or the boundary of a three-dimensional object. Area can be understood as the amount of material with a given thickness th... | Area | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 4,623 | [
"Scalar physical quantities",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Size",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities",
"Area"
] |
1,210 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical%20unit | The astronomical unit (symbol: au or AU) is a unit of length defined to be exactly equal to . Historically, the astronomical unit was conceived as the average Earth-Sun distance (the average of Earth's aphelion and perihelion), before its modern redefinition in 2012.
The astronomical unit is used primarily for measuri... | Astronomical unit | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy",
"Mathematics"
] | 4,477 | [
"Units of length",
"Quantity",
"Units of measurement in astronomy",
"Classical mechanics",
"Astrophysics",
"Celestial mechanics",
"Units of measurement"
] |
1,234 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustic%20theory | Acoustic theory is a scientific field that relates to the description of sound waves. It derives from fluid dynamics. See acoustics for the engineering approach.
For sound waves of any magnitude of a disturbance in velocity, pressure, and density we have
In the case that the fluctuations in velocity, density, and p... | Acoustic theory | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 806 | [
"Chemical engineering",
"Classical mechanics",
"Acoustics",
"Piping",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
1,242 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada%20%28programming%20language%29 | Ada is a structured, statically typed, imperative, and object-oriented high-level programming language, inspired by Pascal and other languages. It has built-in language support for design by contract (DbC), extremely strong typing, explicit concurrency, tasks, synchronous message passing, protected objects, and non-det... | Ada (programming language) | [
"Technology"
] | 5,324 | [
"Computer standards",
"Programming language standards"
] |
1,260 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced%20Encryption%20Standard | The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), also known by its original name Rijndael (), is a specification for the encryption of electronic data established by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in 2001.
AES is a variant of the Rijndael block cipher developed by two Belgian cryptographers, Joa... | Advanced Encryption Standard | [
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 4,686 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Cryptography",
"Cybersecurity engineering"
] |
1,264 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anisotropy | Anisotropy () is the structural property of non-uniformity in different directions, as opposed to isotropy. An anisotropic object or pattern has properties that differ according to direction of measurement. For example, many materials exhibit very different physical or mechanical properties when measured along differen... | Anisotropy | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 2,874 | [
"Topology",
"Space",
"Geometry",
"Asymmetry",
"Spacetime",
"Orientation (geometry)",
"Symmetry"
] |
1,267 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha%20decay | Alpha decay or α-decay is a type of radioactive decay in which an atomic nucleus emits an alpha particle (helium nucleus) and thereby transforms or "decays" into a different atomic nucleus, with a mass number that is reduced by four and an atomic number that is reduced by two. An alpha particle is identical to the nucl... | Alpha decay | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 2,790 | [
"Radioactivity",
"Nuclear physics"
] |
1,271 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytical%20engine | The analytical engine was a proposed digital mechanical general-purpose computer designed by English mathematician and computer pioneer Charles Babbage. It was first described in 1837 as the successor to Babbage's Difference Engine, which was a design for a simpler mechanical calculator.
The analytical engine incorpor... | Analytical engine | [
"Physics",
"Technology"
] | 3,101 | [
"Physical systems",
"Machines",
"Mechanical computers"
] |
1,309 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almost%20all | In mathematics, the term "almost all" means "all but a negligible quantity". More precisely, if is a set, "almost all elements of " means "all elements of but those in a negligible subset of ". The meaning of "negligible" depends on the mathematical context; for instance, it can mean finite, countable, or null.
In c... | Almost all | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,379 | [
"nan"
] |
1,313 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aromatic%20compound | Aromatic compounds or arenes are organic compounds "with a chemistry typified by benzene" and "cyclically conjugated."
The word "aromatic" originates from the past grouping of molecules based on odor, before their general chemical properties were understood. The current definition of aromatic compounds does not have an... | Aromatic compound | [
"Chemistry"
] | 2,045 | [
"Organic compounds",
"Aromatic compounds"
] |
1,317 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimatter | In modern physics, antimatter is defined as matter composed of the antiparticles (or "partners") of the corresponding particles in "ordinary" matter, and can be thought of as matter with reversed charge, parity, and time, known as CPT reversal. Antimatter occurs in natural processes like cosmic ray collisions and some ... | Antimatter | [
"Physics"
] | 6,478 | [
"Quantum field theory",
"Antimatter",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Matter"
] |
1,327 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiparticle | In particle physics, every type of particle of "ordinary" matter (as opposed to antimatter) is associated with an antiparticle with the same mass but with opposite physical charges (such as electric charge). For example, the antiparticle of the electron is the positron (also known as an antielectron). While the electro... | Antiparticle | [
"Physics"
] | 2,571 | [
"Quantum field theory",
"Antimatter",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Subatomic particles",
"Particle physics",
"Nuclear physics",
"Atoms",
"Matter"
] |
1,335 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associative%20property | In mathematics, the associative property is a property of some binary operations that means that rearranging the parentheses in an expression will not change the result. In propositional logic, associativity is a valid rule of replacement for expressions in logical proofs.
Within an expression containing two or more o... | Associative property | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,887 | [
"Functions and mappings",
"Functional analysis",
"Proof theory",
"Mathematical objects",
"Rules of inference",
"Elementary algebra",
"Elementary mathematics",
"Mathematical relations",
"Algebra"
] |
1,349 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atanasoff%E2%80%93Berry%20computer | The Atanasoff–Berry computer (ABC) was the first automatic electronic digital computer. The device was limited by the technology of the day. The ABC's priority is debated among historians of computer technology, because it was neither programmable, nor Turing-complete. Conventionally, the ABC would be considered the fi... | Atanasoff–Berry computer | [
"Technology"
] | 2,194 | [
"Serial computers",
"Computers"
] |
1,358 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anchor | An anchor is a device, normally made of metal, used to secure a vessel to the bed of a body of water to prevent the craft from drifting due to wind or current. The word derives from Latin , which itself comes from the Greek ().
Anchors can either be temporary or permanent. Permanent anchors are used in the creation o... | Anchor | [
"Physics"
] | 8,492 | [
"Weights",
"Physical objects",
"Matter"
] |
1,365 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonia | Ammonia is an inorganic chemical compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula . A stable binary hydride and the simplest pnictogen hydride, ammonia is a colourless gas with a distinctive pungent smell. Biologically, it is a common nitrogenous waste, and it contributes significantly to the nutritional needs of ter... | Ammonia | [
"Chemistry",
"Environmental_science"
] | 11,276 | [
"Toxicology",
"Signal transduction",
"Gaseous signaling molecules",
"Nitrogen cycle",
"Industrial gases",
"Chemical process engineering",
"Bases (chemistry)",
"Metabolism"
] |
1,368 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly%20language | In computer programming, assembly language (alternatively assembler language or symbolic machine code), often referred to simply as assembly and commonly abbreviated as ASM or asm, is any low-level programming language with a very strong correspondence between the instructions in the language and the architecture's ma... | Assembly language | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 9,799 | [
"Embedded systems",
"Computer science",
"Computer engineering",
"Computer systems"
] |
1,372 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amber | Amber is fossilized tree resin. Examples of it have been appreciated for its color and natural beauty since the Neolithic times, and worked as a gemstone since antiquity. Amber is used in jewelry and as a healing agent in folk medicine.
There are five classes of amber, defined on the basis of their chemical constituen... | Amber | [
"Physics"
] | 5,680 | [
"Amorphous solids",
"Unsolved problems in physics",
"Amber"
] |
1,394 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algol | Algol , designated Beta Persei (β Persei, abbreviated Beta Per, β Per), known colloquially as the Demon Star, is a bright multiple star in the constellation of Perseus and one of the first non-nova variable stars to be discovered.
Algol is a three-star system, consisting of Beta Persei Aa1, Aa2, and Ab – in which the ... | Algol | [
"Astronomy"
] | 2,268 | [
"Perseus (constellation)",
"Constellations"
] |
1,400 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anno%20Domini | The terms (AD) and before Christ (BC) are used when designating years in the Gregorian and Julian calendars. The term is Medieval Latin and means "in the year of the Lord" but is often presented using "our Lord" instead of "the Lord", taken from the full original phrase "anno Domini nostri Jesu Christi", which transl... | Anno Domini | [
"Physics"
] | 3,579 | [
"Spacetime",
"Chronology",
"Physical quantities",
"Time"
] |
1,412 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amine | In chemistry, amines (, ) are compounds and functional groups that contain a basic nitrogen atom with a lone pair. Formally, amines are derivatives of ammonia ((in which the bond angle between the nitrogen and hydrogen is 170°), wherein one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by a substituent such as an alkyl or... | Amine | [
"Chemistry"
] | 4,216 | [
"Amines",
"Bases (chemistry)",
"Functional groups"
] |
1,418 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolute%20zero | Absolute zero is the lowest limit of the thermodynamic temperature scale; a state at which the enthalpy and entropy of a cooled ideal gas reach their minimum value. The fundamental particles of nature have minimum vibrational motion, retaining only quantum mechanical, zero-point energy-induced particle motion. The theo... | Absolute zero | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 4,146 | [
"Scalar physical quantities",
"Thermodynamic properties",
"Temperature",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Physical quantities",
"SI base quantities",
"Intensive quantities",
"Cryogenics",
"Thermodynamics",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities"
] |
1,419 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adiabatic%20process | An adiabatic process (adiabatic ) is a type of thermodynamic process that occurs without transferring heat between the thermodynamic system and its environment. Unlike an isothermal process, an adiabatic process transfers energy to the surroundings only as work and/or mass flow. As a key concept in thermodynamics, the ... | Adiabatic process | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 5,595 | [
"Thermodynamic properties",
"Physical quantities",
"Thermodynamic processes",
"Quantity",
"Entropy",
"Thermodynamics",
"Asymmetry",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities",
"Symmetry",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
1,422 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide | In organic chemistry, an amide, also known as an organic amide or a carboxamide, is a compound with the general formula , where R, R', and R″ represent any group, typically organyl groups or hydrogen atoms. The amide group is called a peptide bond when it is part of the main chain of a protein, and an isopeptide bond w... | Amide | [
"Chemistry"
] | 2,111 | [
"Functional groups"
] |
1,456 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AWK | AWK () is a domain-specific language designed for text processing and typically used as a data extraction and reporting tool. Like sed and grep, it is a filter, and it is a standard feature of most Unix-like operating systems.
The AWK language is a data-driven scripting language consisting of a set of actions to be ta... | AWK | [
"Technology"
] | 5,414 | [
"Computing commands",
"Plan 9 commands",
"Standard Unix programs"
] |
1,461 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo%20program | The Apollo program, also known as Project Apollo, was the United States human spaceflight program led by NASA, which succeeded in landing the first men on the Moon in 1969, following Project Mercury, which put the first Americans in space. It was conceived in 1960 as a three-person spacecraft during President Dwight D.... | Apollo program | [
"Engineering"
] | 12,902 | [
"Space programs",
"Human spaceflight programs",
"nan"
] |
1,523 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agate | Agate ( ) is a variety of chalcedony, which comes in a wide variety of colors. Agates are primarily formed within volcanic and metamorphic rocks. The ornamental use of agate was common in ancient Greece, in assorted jewelry and in the seal stones of Greek warriors, while bead necklaces with pierced and polished agate d... | Agate | [
"Physics"
] | 1,844 | [
"Materials",
"Gemstones",
"Matter"
] |
1,525 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspirin | Aspirin is the genericized trademark for acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to reduce pain, fever, and inflammation, and as an antithrombotic. Specific inflammatory conditions that aspirin is used to treat include Kawasaki disease, pericarditis, and rheumatic fever.
Aspirin ... | Aspirin | [
"Chemistry"
] | 11,494 | [
"Chemicals in medicine",
"Chemical substances for emergency medicine"
] |
1,635 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolmogorov%20complexity | In algorithmic information theory (a subfield of computer science and mathematics), the Kolmogorov complexity of an object, such as a piece of text, is the length of a shortest computer program (in a predetermined programming language) that produces the object as output. It is a measure of the computational resources n... | Kolmogorov complexity | [
"Mathematics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 7,052 | [
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Applied mathematics",
"Mathematical logic",
"Computer science",
"Information theory",
"Computability theory"
] |
1,697 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambergris | Ambergris ( or ; ; ), ambergrease, or grey amber is a solid, waxy, flammable substance of a dull grey or blackish colour produced in the digestive system of sperm whales. Freshly produced ambergris has a marine, fecal odor. It acquires a sweet, earthy scent as it ages, commonly likened to the fragrance of isopropyl alc... | Ambergris | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,735 | [
"Natural products",
"Medicinal chemistry"
] |
1,751 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20Anderson%20%28mathematician%29 | Alexander Anderson ( in Aberdeen – in Paris) was a Scottish mathematician.
Life
He was born in Aberdeen, possibly in 1582, according to a print which suggests he was aged 35 in 1617. It is unknown where he was educated, but it is likely that he initially studied writing and philosophy (the "belles lettres") in his ho... | Alexander Anderson (mathematician) | [
"Mathematics"
] | 518 | [
"Geometers",
"Geometry",
"Algebra",
"Algebraists"
] |
1,776 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthritis | Arthritis is a general medical term used to describe a disorder that affects joints. Symptoms generally include joint pain and stiffness. Other symptoms may include redness, warmth, swelling, and decreased range of motion of the affected joints. In certain types of arthritis, other organs such as the skin are also affe... | Arthritis | [
"Biology"
] | 4,487 | [
"Senescence",
"Aging-associated diseases"
] |
1,778 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetylene | Acetylene (systematic name: ethyne) is the chemical compound with the formula and structure . It is a hydrocarbon and the simplest alkyne. This colorless gas is widely used as a fuel and a chemical building block. It is unstable in its pure form and thus is usually handled as a solution. Pure acetylene is odorless, bu... | Acetylene | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 3,410 | [
"Alkynes",
"Welding",
"Petroleum technology",
"Organic compounds",
"Industrial gases",
"Explosive gases",
"Synthetic fuel technologies",
"Explosive chemicals",
"Mechanical engineering",
"Chemical process engineering"
] |
1,786 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic%20numerals | The ten Arabic numerals (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9) are the most commonly used symbols for writing numbers. The term often also implies a positional notation number with a decimal base, in particular when contrasted with Roman numerals. However the symbols are also used to write numbers in other bases, such as o... | Arabic numerals | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,416 | [
"Numeral systems",
"Numerals"
] |
1,797 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acre | The acre ( ) is a unit of land area used in the British imperial and the United States customary systems. It is traditionally defined as the area of one chain by one furlong (66 by 660 feet), which is exactly equal to 10 square chains, of a square mile, 4,840 square yards, or 43,560 square feet, and approximately 4,04... | Acre | [
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 2,920 | [
"Units of area",
"Quantity",
"Surveying",
"Civil engineering",
"Units of measurement"
] |
1,800 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenosine%20triphosphate | Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleoside triphosphate that provides energy to drive and support many processes in living cells, such as muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, and chemical synthesis. Found in all known forms of life, it is often referred to as the "molecular unit of currency" for intracellul... | Adenosine triphosphate | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 5,172 | [
"Cellular respiration",
"Coenzymes",
"Neurotransmitters",
"Organic compounds",
"Biochemistry",
"Neurochemistry",
"Metabolism"
] |
1,805 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibiotic | An antibiotic is a type of antimicrobial substance active against bacteria. It is the most important type of antibacterial agent for fighting bacterial infections, and antibiotic medications are widely used in the treatment and prevention of such infections. They may either kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. A lim... | Antibiotic | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 9,794 | [
"Biotechnology products",
"Anti-infective agents",
"Antibiotics",
"Bactericides",
"Chemicals in medicine",
"Biocides"
] |
1,839 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allotropy | Allotropy or allotropism () is the property of some chemical elements to exist in two or more different forms, in the same physical state, known as allotropes of the elements. Allotropes are different structural modifications of an element: the atoms of the element are bonded together in different manners.
For example,... | Allotropy | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,345 | [
"Periodic table",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Properties of chemical elements",
"Allotropes",
"Materials",
"nan",
"Physical chemistry",
"Matter"
] |
1,842 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustin-Louis%20Cauchy | Baron Augustin-Louis Cauchy ( , , ; ; 21 August 1789 – 23 May 1857) was a French mathematician, engineer, and physicist. He was one of the first to rigorously state and prove the key theorems of calculus (thereby creating real analysis), pioneered the field complex analysis, and the study of permutation groups in... | Augustin-Louis Cauchy | [
"Mathematics"
] | 5,458 | [
"Mathematics of infinitesimals",
"History of calculus",
"Calculus"
] |
1,844 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archimedes | Archimedes of Syracuse ( ; ) was an Ancient Greek mathematician, physicist, engineer, astronomer, and inventor from the ancient city of Syracuse in Sicily. Although few details of his life are known, he is considered one of the leading scientists in classical antiquity. Regarded as the greatest mathematician of ancient... | Archimedes | [
"Chemistry"
] | 7,689 | [
"Fluid dynamicists",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
1,851 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiprism | In geometry, an antiprism or is a polyhedron composed of two parallel direct copies (not mirror images) of an polygon, connected by an alternating band of triangles. They are represented by the Conway notation .
Antiprisms are a subclass of prismatoids, and are a (degenerate) type of snub polyhedron.
Antiprisms ... | Antiprism | [
"Physics"
] | 1,741 | [
"Uniform polytopes",
"Uniform polyhedra",
"Symmetry"
] |
1,884 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII%20art | ASCII art is a graphic design technique that uses computers for presentation and consists of pictures pieced together from the 95 printable (from a total of 128) characters defined by the ASCII Standard from 1963 and ASCII compliant character sets with proprietary extended characters (beyond the 128 characters of stand... | ASCII art | [
"Technology"
] | 5,865 | [
"Multimedia"
] |
1,908 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abzyme | An abzyme (from antibody and enzyme), also called catmab (from catalytic monoclonal antibody), and most often called catalytic antibody or sometimes catab, is a monoclonal antibody with catalytic activity. Abzymes are usually raised in lab animals immunized against synthetic haptens, but some natural abzymes can be fou... | Abzyme | [
"Biology"
] | 735 | [
"Immune system",
"Organ systems"
] |
1,909 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive%20radiation | In evolutionary biology, adaptive radiation is a process in which organisms diversify rapidly from an ancestral species into a multitude of new forms, particularly when a change in the environment makes new resources available, alters biotic interactions or opens new environmental niches. Starting with a single ancesto... | Adaptive radiation | [
"Biology"
] | 4,679 | [
"Evolutionary processes",
"Speciation",
"Evolutionary biology terminology"
] |
1,910 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agarose%20gel%20electrophoresis | Agarose gel electrophoresis is a method of gel electrophoresis used in biochemistry, molecular biology, genetics, and clinical chemistry to separate a mixed population of macromolecules such as DNA or proteins in a matrix of agarose, one of the two main components of agar. The proteins may be separated by charge and/or... | Agarose gel electrophoresis | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 4,409 | [
"Biochemistry methods",
"Genetics techniques",
"Polymerase chain reaction",
"Instrumental analysis",
"Biochemical separation processes",
"Molecular biology techniques",
"nan",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry",
"Electrophoresis"
] |
1,912 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampicillin | Ampicillin is an antibiotic belonging to the aminopenicillin class of the penicillin family. The drug is used to prevent and treat several bacterial infections, such as respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, meningitis, salmonellosis, and endocarditis. It may also be used to prevent group B streptococc... | Ampicillin | [
"Chemistry"
] | 2,481 | [
"Stereochemistry",
"Enantiopure drugs"
] |
1,914 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimicrobial%20resistance | Antimicrobial resistance (AMR or AR) occurs when microbes evolve mechanisms that protect them from antimicrobials, which are drugs used to treat infections. This resistance affects all classes of microbes, including bacteria (antibiotic resistance), viruses (antiviral resistance), protozoa (antiprotozoal resistance), a... | Antimicrobial resistance | [
"Biology"
] | 16,355 | [
"Evolutionary biology"
] |
1,915 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigen | In immunology, an antigen (Ag) is a molecule, moiety, foreign particulate matter, or an allergen, such as pollen, that can bind to a specific antibody or T-cell receptor. The presence of antigens in the body may trigger an immune response.
Antigens can be proteins, peptides (amino acid chains), polysaccharides (chain... | Antigen | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 2,732 | [
"Natural products",
"Biochemistry",
"Antigens",
"Immune system",
"Organic compounds",
"Organ systems",
"Biomolecules",
"Molecular biology",
"Structural biology"
] |
1,926 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antlia | Antlia (; from Ancient Greek ἀντλία) is a constellation in the Southern Celestial Hemisphere. Its name means "pump" in Latin and Greek; it represents an air pump. Originally Antlia Pneumatica, the constellation was established by Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille in the 18th century. Its non-specific (single-word) name, alread... | Antlia | [
"Astronomy"
] | 2,431 | [
"Antlia",
"Southern constellations",
"Constellations",
"Constellations listed by Lacaille"
] |
1,927 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ara%20%28constellation%29 | Ara (Latin for "the Altar") is a southern constellation between Scorpius, Telescopium, Triangulum Australe, and Norma. It was (as ) one of the Greek bulk (namely 48) described by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations designated by the International Astronomical Union.
T... | Ara (constellation) | [
"Astronomy"
] | 2,223 | [
"Constellations listed by Ptolemy",
"Ara (constellation)",
"Southern constellations",
"Constellations",
"Sky regions"
] |
1,933 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apus | Apus is a small constellation in the southern sky. It represents a bird-of-paradise, and its name means "without feet" in Greek because the bird-of-paradise was once wrongly believed to lack feet. First depicted on a celestial globe by Petrus Plancius in 1598, it was charted on a star atlas by Johann Bayer in his 1603 ... | Apus | [
"Astronomy"
] | 2,182 | [
"Constellations listed by Petrus Plancius",
"Apus",
"Southern constellations",
"Constellations"
] |
1,938 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20Carnegie | Andrew Carnegie ( , ; November 25, 1835August 11, 1919) was a Scottish-American industrialist and philanthropist. Carnegie led the expansion of the American steel industry in the late-19th century and became one of the richest Americans in history.
He became a leading philanthropist in the United States, Great Britai... | Andrew Carnegie | [
"Chemistry"
] | 13,349 | [
"Bessemer Gold Medal",
"Chemical engineering awards"
] |
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