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2,946,366
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturated%20measure
In mathematics, a measure is said to be saturated if every locally measurable set is also measurable. A set , not necessarily measurable, is said to be a if for every measurable set of finite measure, is measurable. -finite measures and measures arising as the restriction of outer measures are saturated. Referenc...
Saturated measure
[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]
71
[ "Mathematical analysis", "Physical quantities", "Mathematical analysis stubs", "Measures (measure theory)", "Quantity", "Size" ]
2,946,521
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excludability
In economics, excludability is the degree to which a good, service or resource can be limited to only paying customers, or conversely, the degree to which a supplier, producer or other managing body (e.g. a government) can prevent consumption of a good. In economics, a good, service or resource is broadly assigned two ...
Excludability
[ "Physics" ]
1,263
[ "Materials", "Goods (economics)", "Matter" ]
2,947,017
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architectural%20Experience%20Program
Formerly called the Intern Development Program (IDP), the Architectural Experience Program (AXP) is designed to ensure that candidates pursuing licensure in the architecture profession gain the knowledge and skills required for the independent practice of architecture. The program is developed, maintained, and administ...
Architectural Experience Program
[ "Engineering" ]
1,407
[ "Architectural education", "Architecture" ]
2,947,499
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20Institute%20of%20Constructors
The American Institute of Constructors (AIC), is a not-for-profit 501(c)(6) non-governmental professional association founded in 1971. Individuals involved in the AIC are typically found in the construction management Industry. The AIC offers three different levels of certification: Associate Constructor (AC), Certifi...
American Institute of Constructors
[ "Engineering" ]
116
[ "Construction", "Construction management", "Construction organizations" ]
2,947,580
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodent%20cocktail
Rodent cocktail is an anesthetic mixture used for rodents in research. The injectable, clear liquid is a mixture of ketamine, xylazine, and acepromazine. The ratio used depends on the species of rodent. This mixture is often preferred by researchers because of its low mortality in rodents, its relatively quick recovery...
Rodent cocktail
[ "Biology" ]
94
[ "Molecular genetics", "Laboratory rodents" ]
2,948,178
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomedical%20text%20mining
Biomedical text mining (including biomedical natural language processing or BioNLP) refers to the methods and study of how text mining may be applied to texts and literature of the biomedical domain. As a field of research, biomedical text mining incorporates ideas from natural language processing, bioinformatics, medi...
Biomedical text mining
[ "Engineering", "Biology" ]
2,784
[ "Bioinformatics", "Biological engineering" ]
2,948,381
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BioCreative
BioCreAtIvE (A critical assessment of text mining methods in molecular biology) consists in a community-wide effort for evaluating information extraction and text mining developments in the biological domain. It was preceded by the Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD) Challenge Cup for detection of gene mentions...
BioCreative
[ "Chemistry", "Engineering", "Biology" ]
343
[ "Biological engineering", "Bioinformatics stubs", "Biotechnology stubs", "Biochemistry stubs", "Bioinformatics" ]
2,948,442
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish%20National%20Bioinformatics%20Institute
The Spanish National Bioinformatics Institute (INB-ISCIII; Spanish: Instituto Nacional de Bioinformática) is an academic service institution tasked with the coordination, integration and development of bioinformatics resources in Spain. Created in 2003, the INB is—since 2015—the main node through which the Carlos III H...
Spanish National Bioinformatics Institute
[ "Biology" ]
311
[ "Bioinformatics", "Bioinformatics organizations" ]
2,948,513
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium%20myreth%20sulfate
Sodium myreth sulfate is a mixture of organic compounds with both detergent and surfactant properties. It is found in many personal care products such as soaps, shampoos, and toothpaste. It is an inexpensive and effective foaming agent. Typical of many detergents, sodium myreth sulfate consists of several closely rela...
Sodium myreth sulfate
[ "Chemistry" ]
278
[ "Functional groups", "Salts", "Organic compounds", "Organic sodium salts", "Ethers" ]
2,948,529
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antisymmetry
In linguistics, antisymmetry is a syntactic theory presented in Richard S. Kayne's 1994 monograph The Antisymmetry of Syntax. It asserts that grammatical hierarchies in natural language follow a universal order, namely specifier-head-complement branching order. The theory builds on the foundation of the X-bar theory. K...
Antisymmetry
[ "Physics" ]
3,779
[ "Symmetry", "Asymmetry" ]
2,948,561
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precordium
In anatomy, the precordium or praecordium is the portion of the body over the heart and lower chest. Defined anatomically, it is the area of the anterior chest wall over the heart. It is therefore usually on the left side, except in conditions like dextrocardia, where the individual's heart is on the right side. In su...
Precordium
[ "Biology" ]
207
[ "Anatomy" ]
2,948,657
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical%20computing
Physical computing involves interactive systems that can sense and respond to the world around them. While this definition is broad enough to encompass systems such as smart automotive traffic control systems or factory automation processes, it is not commonly used to describe them. In a broader sense, physical computi...
Physical computing
[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]
1,045
[ "User interfaces", "Computer engineering", "Robotics engineering", "Computer systems", "Computer science", "Interfaces", "Design", "Computers", "Physical computing" ]
2,948,757
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TUNEL%20assay
Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) is a method for detecting DNA fragmentation by labeling the 3′- hydroxyl termini in the double-strand DNA breaks generated during apoptosis. Method TUNEL is a method for detecting apoptotic DNA fragmentation, widely used to identify and quantify apop...
TUNEL assay
[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]
461
[ "Biochemistry detection reactions", "Signal transduction", "Biochemical reactions", "Senescence", "Microbiology techniques", "nan", "Programmed cell death" ]
2,949,341
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemiscau%20Airport
Nemiscau Airport is located southeast of Nemaska, Quebec, Canada, along Route du Nord at km 294. It was built and is operated by Hydro-Québec to serve their large electrical substations of Nemiscau and Albanel. Air Creebec has scheduled flights to and from this airport at the discretion of Hydro-Québec. The airport ...
Nemiscau Airport
[ "Engineering" ]
161
[ "James Bay Project", "Macro-engineering" ]
2,949,396
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodpecker%20finch
The woodpecker finch (Camarhynchus pallidus) is a monomorphic species of bird in the Darwin's finch group of the tanager family Thraupidae, endemic to the Galapagos Islands. The diet of a woodpecker finch revolves mostly around invertebrates, but also encompasses a variety of seeds. Woodpecker finches, like many other ...
Woodpecker finch
[ "Biology" ]
1,189
[ "Ethology", "Behavior", "Tool-using animals" ]
2,949,404
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocamidopropyl%20betaine
Cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB) is a mixture of closely related organic compounds derived from coconut oil and dimethylaminopropylamine. CAPB is available as a viscous pale yellow solution and it is used as a surfactant in personal care products and animal husbandry. The name reflects that the major part of the molecule...
Cocamidopropyl betaine
[ "Chemistry" ]
888
[ "Process chemicals", "Antistatic agents" ]
2,949,409
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral-insulated%20copper-clad%20cable
Mineral-insulated copper-clad cable is a variety of electrical cable made from copper conductors inside a copper sheath, insulated by inorganic magnesium oxide powder. The name is often abbreviated to MICC or MI cable, and colloquially known as pyro (because the original manufacturer and vendor for this product in the ...
Mineral-insulated copper-clad cable
[ "Physics", "Engineering" ]
2,024
[ "Electrical systems", "Building engineering", "Physical systems", "Electrical engineering", "Electrical wiring" ]
2,949,555
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XENON
The XENON dark matter research project, operated at the Italian Gran Sasso National Laboratory, is a deep underground detector facility featuring increasingly ambitious experiments aiming to detect hypothetical dark matter particles. The experiments aim to detect particles in the form of weakly interacting massive part...
XENON
[ "Physics" ]
2,429
[ "Dark matter", "Experiments for dark matter search", "Unsolved problems in physics" ]
2,949,599
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiana%20Asteroid%20Program
The Indiana Asteroid Program was a photographic astronomical survey of asteroids during 1949–1967, at the U.S. Goethe Link Observatory near Brooklyn, Indiana. The program was initiated by Frank K. Edmondson of Indiana University using a 10-inch f/6.5 Cooke triplet astrographic camera. Its objectives included recoverin...
Indiana Asteroid Program
[ "Astronomy" ]
343
[ "Astrometry", "Astronomical sub-disciplines" ]
2,949,636
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parotid%20duct
The parotid duct or Stensen duct is a salivary duct. It is the route that saliva takes from the major salivary gland, the parotid gland, into the mouth. It opens into the mouth opposite the second upper molar tooth. Structure The parotid duct is formed when several interlobular ducts, the largest ducts inside the paro...
Parotid duct
[ "Biology" ]
516
[ "Saliva", "Excretion" ]
2,949,850
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical%20access%20control
In computers, logical access controls are tools and protocols used for identification, authentication, authorization, and accountability in computer information systems. Logical access is often needed for remote access of hardware and is often contrasted with the term "physical access", which refers to interactions (...
Logical access control
[ "Engineering" ]
651
[ "Cybersecurity engineering", "Computer access control" ]
2,950,023
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BlackDog
The BlackDog is a pocket-sized, self-contained computer with a built-in biometric fingerprint reader which was developed in 2005 by Realm Systems, which is plugged into and powered by the USB port of a host computer using its peripheral devices for input and output. It is a mobile personal server which allows a user t...
BlackDog
[ "Technology" ]
2,167
[ "Computer storage devices", "Recording devices" ]
311,330
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aripiprazole
Aripiprazole, sold under the brand names Abilify and Aristada, among others, is an atypical antipsychotic primarily used in the treatment of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and irritability associated with autism spectrum disorder; other uses include as an add-on treatment for major depressive disorder and tic disorde...
Aripiprazole
[ "Chemistry" ]
6,501
[ "Organic compounds", "Functional groups", "Ethers" ]
311,366
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20wire%20gauge
American Wire Gauge (AWG) is a logarithmic stepped standardized wire gauge system used since 1857, predominantly in North America, for the diameters of round, solid, nonferrous, electrically conducting wire. Dimensions of the wires are given in ASTM standard B 258. The cross-sectional area of each gauge is an important...
American wire gauge
[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]
2,051
[ "Quantity", "Logarithmic scales of measurement", "Physical quantities" ]
311,395
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed%20Language%20Translation
Distributed Language Translation (, DLT) was a project to develop an interlingual machine translation system for twelve European languages. It ran between 1985 and 1990. The distinctive feature of DLT was the use of [a version of] Esperanto as an intermediate language (IL) and the idea that translation could be divide...
Distributed Language Translation
[ "Technology" ]
404
[ "Machine translation", "Natural language and computing" ]
311,400
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common%20year
A common year is a calendar year with 365 days, as distinguished from a leap year, which has 366 days. More generally, a common year is one without intercalation. The Gregorian calendar (like the earlier Julian calendar) employs both common years and leap years to keep the calendar aligned with the tropical year, whi...
Common year
[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]
311
[ "Calendars", "Physical quantities", "Time", "Time stubs", "Units of time", "Quantity", "Spacetime", "Units of measurement" ]
311,433
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obesity%20hypoventilation%20syndrome
Obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) is a condition in which severely overweight people fail to breathe rapidly or deeply enough, resulting in low oxygen levels and high blood carbon dioxide (CO2) levels. The syndrome is often associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), which causes periods of absent or reduced br...
Obesity hypoventilation syndrome
[ "Biology" ]
3,094
[ "Behavior", "Sleep", "Sleep disorders" ]
311,440
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammary%20gland
A mammary gland is an exocrine gland in humans and other mammals that produces milk to feed young offspring. Mammals get their name from the Latin word mamma, "breast". The mammary glands are arranged in organs such as the breasts in primates (for example, humans and chimpanzees), the udder in ruminants (for example, c...
Mammary gland
[ "Biology" ]
4,340
[ "Exocrine system", "Organ systems" ]
311,441
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data%20rate
Data rate and data transfer rate can refer to several related and overlapping concepts in communications networks: Achieved rate Bit rate, the number of bits that are conveyed or processed per unit of time Data signaling rate or gross bit rate, a bit rate that includes protocol overhead Symbol rate or baud rate, th...
Data rate
[ "Physics" ]
183
[ "Temporal quantities", "Temporal rates", "Physical quantities" ]
311,507
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opodeldoc
Opodeldoc is a medical plaster or liniment invented, or at least named, by the German Renaissance physician Paracelsus in the 1500s. In modern form opodeldoc is a mixture of soap in alcohol, to which camphor and sometimes a number of herbal essences, most notably wormwood, are added. Origins In his Bertheonea Sive...
Opodeldoc
[ "Chemistry" ]
634
[ "Pharmacology", "Pharmacology stubs", "Medicinal chemistry stubs" ]
311,509
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bounded%20function
In mathematics, a function defined on some set with real or complex values is called bounded if the set of its values is bounded. In other words, there exists a real number such that for all in . A function that is not bounded is said to be unbounded. If is real-valued and for all in , then the function is sa...
Bounded function
[ "Mathematics" ]
603
[ "Mathematical objects", "Functions and mappings", "Types of functions", "Mathematical relations" ]
311,518
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecash
Ecash was conceived by David Chaum as an anonymous cryptographic electronic money or electronic cash system in 1982. It was realized through his corporation Digicash and used as micropayment system at one US bank from 1995 to 1998. Design Chaum published the idea of anonymous electronic money in a 1983 paper; eCash so...
Ecash
[ "Engineering" ]
941
[ "Financial cryptography", "Cybersecurity engineering" ]
311,544
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth%20Appel
Kenneth Ira Appel (October 8, 1932 – April 19, 2013) was an American mathematician who in 1976, with colleague Wolfgang Haken at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, solved the four-color theorem, one of the most famous problems in mathematics. They proved that any two-dimensional map, with certain limitatio...
Kenneth Appel
[ "Mathematics" ]
1,254
[ "Mathematical relations", "Graph theory", "Graph theorists" ]
311,596
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allicin
Allicin is an organosulfur compound obtained from garlic and leeks. When fresh garlic is chopped or crushed, the enzyme alliinase converts alliin into allicin, which is responsible for the aroma of fresh garlic. Allicin is unstable and quickly changes into a series of other sulfur-containing compounds such as diallyl d...
Allicin
[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]
820
[ "Biotechnology products", "Functional groups", "Antibiotics", "Biocides", "Thiosulfinates" ]
311,632
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video%20game%20programmer
A game programmer is a software engineer, programmer, or computer scientist who primarily develops codebases for video games or related software, such as game development tools. Game programming has many specialized disciplines, all of which fall under the umbrella term of "game programmer". A game programmer should no...
Video game programmer
[ "Technology" ]
4,120
[ "Video game industry occupations", "Computer occupations" ]
311,855
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autorotation%20%28fixed-wing%20aircraft%29
For fixed-wing aircraft, autorotation is the tendency of an aircraft in or near a stall to roll spontaneously to the right or left, leading to a spin (a state of continuous autorotation). Details When the angle of attack is less than the stalling angle, any increase in angle of attack causes an increase in lift coeff...
Autorotation (fixed-wing aircraft)
[ "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]
683
[ "Aerospace engineering", "Aerodynamics", "Fluid dynamics" ]
311,916
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binge%20eating
Binge eating is a pattern of disordered eating which consists of episodes of uncontrollable eating. It is a common symptom of eating disorders such as binge eating disorder and bulimia nervosa. During such binges, a person rapidly consumes an excessive quantity of food. A diagnosis of binge eating is associated with f...
Binge eating
[ "Biology" ]
1,530
[ "Eating behaviors", "Behavior", "Human behavior", "Eating behaviors of humans" ]
311,991
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thames%20Tunnel
The Thames Tunnel is a tunnel beneath the River Thames in London, connecting Rotherhithe and Wapping. It measures wide by high and is long, running at a depth of below the river surface measured at high tide. It is the first tunnel known to have been constructed successfully underneath a navigable river. It was bui...
Thames Tunnel
[ "Engineering" ]
2,794
[ "Civil engineering", "Historic Civil Engineering Landmarks" ]
312,028
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Packet%20Switch%20Stream
Packet Switch Stream (PSS) was a public data network in the United Kingdom, provided by British Telecommunications (BT). It operated from the late 1970s through to the mid-2000s. Research, development and implementation EPSS Roger Scantlebury was seconded from the National Physical Laboratory to the British Post Off...
Packet Switch Stream
[ "Technology" ]
2,768
[ "History of computing", "History of computing in the United Kingdom" ]
312,076
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spike%20strip
A spike strip (also referred to as a spike belt, road spikes, traffic spikes, tire shredders, stingers, stop sticks, by the trademark Stinger or formally known as a Tire Deflation Device or TDD) is a device or incident weapon used to impede or stop the movement of wheeled vehicles by puncturing their tires. Generall...
Spike strip
[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]
543
[ "Area denial weapons", "Military engineering", "Engineering barrages", "Road hazards" ]
312,129
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lossless%20predictive%20audio%20compression
Lossless predictive audio compression (LPAC) is an improved lossless audio compression algorithm developed by Tilman Liebchen, Marcus Purat and Peter Noll at the Institute for Telecommunications, Technische Universität Berlin (TU Berlin), to compress PCM audio in a lossless manner, in contrast to lossy compression algo...
Lossless predictive audio compression
[ "Engineering" ]
179
[ "Audio engineering", "Audio compression" ]
312,152
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spontaneous%20process
In thermodynamics, a spontaneous process is a process which occurs without any external input to the system. A more technical definition is the time-evolution of a system in which it releases free energy and it moves to a lower, more thermodynamically stable energy state (closer to thermodynamic equilibrium). The sign ...
Spontaneous process
[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Mathematics" ]
1,037
[ "Chemical thermodynamics", "Chemical processes", "Thermodynamics", "nan", "Chemical process engineering", "Dynamical systems" ]
312,212
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigram
Trigrams are a special case of the n-gram, where n is 3. They are often used in natural language processing for performing statistical analysis of texts and in cryptography for control and use of ciphers and codes. See results of analysis of "Letter Frequencies in the English Language". Frequency Context is very impor...
Trigram
[ "Technology" ]
317
[ "Natural language processing", "Natural language and computing", "Computational linguistics" ]
312,229
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiral%20anomaly
In theoretical physics, a chiral anomaly is the anomalous nonconservation of a chiral current. In everyday terms, it is equivalent to a sealed box that contained equal numbers of left and right-handed bolts, but when opened was found to have more left than right, or vice versa. Such events are expected to be prohibite...
Chiral anomaly
[ "Physics" ]
2,731
[ "Standard Model", "Equations of physics", "Conservation laws", "Particle physics", "Symmetry", "Physics theorems" ]
312,249
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryophyte
Bryophytes () are a group of land plants (embryophytes), sometimes treated as a taxonomic division, that contains three groups of non-vascular land plants: the liverworts, hornworts, and mosses. In the strict sense, the division Bryophyta consists of the mosses only. Bryophytes are characteristically limited in size an...
Bryophyte
[ "Biology" ]
3,061
[ "Plants", "Cryptogams", "Bryophytes", "Paraphyletic groups", "Phylogenetics", "Eukaryotes" ]
312,250
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partition%20function%20%28number%20theory%29
In number theory, the partition function represents the number of possible partitions of a non-negative integer . For instance, because the integer 4 has the five partitions , , , , and . No closed-form expression for the partition function is known, but it has both asymptotic expansions that accurately approximate ...
Partition function (number theory)
[ "Mathematics" ]
2,152
[ "Sequences and series", "Integer sequences", "Mathematical structures", "Recreational mathematics", "Arithmetic functions", "Mathematical objects", "Combinatorics", "Integer partitions", "Numbers", "Number theory" ]
312,252
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partition%20function%20%28statistical%20mechanics%29
In physics, a partition function describes the statistical properties of a system in thermodynamic equilibrium. Partition functions are functions of the thermodynamic state variables, such as the temperature and volume. Most of the aggregate thermodynamic variables of the system, such as the total energy, free energy...
Partition function (statistical mechanics)
[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]
2,910
[ "Equations of physics", "Mathematical objects", "Equations", "Partition functions", "Statistical mechanics" ]
312,255
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partition%20function%20%28quantum%20field%20theory%29
In quantum field theory, partition functions are generating functionals for correlation functions, making them key objects of study in the path integral formalism. They are the imaginary time versions of statistical mechanics partition functions, giving rise to a close connection between these two areas of physics. Par...
Partition function (quantum field theory)
[ "Physics" ]
1,038
[ "Quantum field theory", "Quantum mechanics" ]
312,266
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water%20pollution
Water pollution (or aquatic pollution) is the contamination of water bodies, with a negative impact on their uses. It is usually a result of human activities. Water bodies include lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers, reservoirs and groundwater. Water pollution results when contaminants mix with these water bodies. Contami...
Water pollution
[ "Chemistry", "Engineering", "Biology", "Environmental_science" ]
4,717
[ "Hydrology", "Water pollution", "Aquifers", "Ecosystems", "nan", "Environmental engineering", "Aquatic ecology", "Water supply" ]
312,268
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huntingdon%20Life%20Sciences
Huntingdon Life Sciences (HLS) was a contract research organisation (CRO) organized in Maryland and headquartered in East Millstone, New Jersey. It was founded in 1951 in Cambridgeshire, England. It had two laboratories in the United Kingdom and one in the United States. With over 1,600 employees, it was the largest no...
Huntingdon Life Sciences
[ "Chemistry", "Biology", "Environmental_science" ]
2,208
[ "Animal testing", "Toxicology in the United Kingdom", "Toxicology", "Life sciences industry" ]
312,293
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liouville%27s%20theorem%20%28complex%20analysis%29
In complex analysis, Liouville's theorem, named after Joseph Liouville (although the theorem was first proven by Cauchy in 1844), states that every bounded entire function must be constant. That is, every holomorphic function for which there exists a positive number such that for all is constant. Equivalently, non-...
Liouville's theorem (complex analysis)
[ "Mathematics" ]
1,105
[ "Articles containing proofs", "Theorems in mathematical analysis", "Theorems in complex analysis" ]
312,299
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avalanche%20photodiode
An avalanche photodiode (APD) is a highly sensitive type of photodiode, which in general are semiconductor diodes that convert light into electricity via interband excitation coupled with impact ionization. APDs use materials and a structure optimised for operating with high reverse bias, approaching the reverse breakd...
Avalanche photodiode
[ "Materials_science", "Technology", "Engineering" ]
1,744
[ "Glass engineering and science", "Particle detectors", "Optical devices", "Measuring instruments" ]
312,301
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liouville%27s%20theorem%20%28Hamiltonian%29
In physics, Liouville's theorem, named after the French mathematician Joseph Liouville, is a key theorem in classical statistical and Hamiltonian mechanics. It asserts that the phase-space distribution function is constant along the trajectories of the system—that is that the density of system points in the vicinity of...
Liouville's theorem (Hamiltonian)
[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]
2,390
[ "Theorems in dynamical systems", "Mathematical theorems", "Equations of physics", "Theoretical physics", "Classical mechanics", "Statistical mechanics theorems", "Eponymous theorems of physics", "Hamiltonian mechanics", "Theorems in mathematical physics", "Dynamical systems", "Statistical mechan...
312,304
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symplectomorphism
In mathematics, a symplectomorphism or symplectic map is an isomorphism in the category of symplectic manifolds. In classical mechanics, a symplectomorphism represents a transformation of phase space that is volume-preserving and preserves the symplectic structure of phase space, and is called a canonical transformatio...
Symplectomorphism
[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]
1,240
[ "Hamiltonian mechanics", "Theoretical physics", "Classical mechanics", "Dynamical systems" ]
312,308
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirac%20sea
The Dirac sea is a theoretical model of the electron vacuum as an infinite sea of electrons with negative energy, now called positrons. It was first postulated by the British physicist Paul Dirac in 1930 to explain the anomalous negative-energy quantum states predicted by the relativistically-correct Dirac equation for...
Dirac sea
[ "Physics" ]
1,936
[ "Quantum field theory", "Quantum mechanics", "Vacuum", "Matter" ]
312,335
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarantula%20Nebula
The Tarantula Nebula (also known as 30 Doradus) is a large H II region in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), forming its south-east corner (from Earth's perspective). Discovery The Tarantula Nebula was observed by Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille during an expedition to the Cape of Good Hope between 1751 and 1753. He catalog...
Tarantula Nebula
[ "Astronomy" ]
809
[ "Dorado", "Constellations" ]
312,355
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gametogenesis
Gametogenesis is a biological process by which diploid or haploid precursor cells undergo cell division and differentiation to form mature haploid gametes. Depending on the biological life cycle of the organism, gametogenesis occurs by meiotic division of diploid gametocytes into various gametes, or by mitosis. For exa...
Gametogenesis
[ "Biology" ]
1,676
[ "Behavior", "Developmental biology", "Reproductive system", "Sex", "Reproduction", "Organ systems" ]
312,383
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law%20of%20total%20probability
In probability theory, the law (or formula) of total probability is a fundamental rule relating marginal probabilities to conditional probabilities. It expresses the total probability of an outcome which can be realized via several distinct events, hence the name. Statement The law of total probability is a theorem th...
Law of total probability
[ "Mathematics" ]
696
[ "Theorems in probability theory", "Mathematical theorems", "Mathematical problems" ]
312,392
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Birdman
The International Birdman was a series of English competitions held in the West Sussex towns of Bognor Regis, Selsey and Worthing. The competition involved human 'birdmen' attempting to fly off the end of a pier into the sea for prize money. The event began in 1971 and was held on piers in West Sussex, on the south co...
International Birdman
[ "Engineering" ]
1,282
[ "Mechanical engineering competitions", "Mechanical engineering" ]
312,398
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomous%20system%20%28mathematics%29
In mathematics, an autonomous system or autonomous differential equation is a system of ordinary differential equations which does not explicitly depend on the independent variable. When the variable is time, they are also called time-invariant systems. Many laws in physics, where the independent variable is usually a...
Autonomous system (mathematics)
[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]
1,651
[ "Mechanics", "Dynamical systems" ]
312,399
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomous%20system%20%28Internet%29
An autonomous system (AS) is a collection of connected Internet Protocol (IP) routing prefixes under the control of one or more network operators on behalf of a single administrative entity or domain, that presents a common and clearly defined routing policy to the Internet. Each AS is assigned an autonomous system num...
Autonomous system (Internet)
[ "Technology" ]
1,780
[ "Internet architecture", "IT infrastructure" ]
312,408
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law%20of%20total%20variance
In probability theory, the law of total variance or variance decomposition formula or conditional variance formulas or law of iterated variances also known as Eve's law, states that if and are random variables on the same probability space, and the variance of is finite, then In language perhaps better known to sta...
Law of total variance
[ "Mathematics" ]
1,402
[ "Articles containing proofs", "Mathematical theorems", "Mathematical problems", "Theorems in statistics" ]
312,430
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Background%20%28astronomy%29
In astronomy, background commonly refers to the incoming light from an apparently empty part of the night sky. Even if no visible astronomical objects are present in given part of the sky, there always is some low luminosity present, due mostly to light diffusion from the atmosphere (diffusion of both incoming light f...
Background (astronomy)
[ "Astronomy" ]
521
[ "Observational astronomy", "Astronomical sub-disciplines" ]
312,439
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspergillus%20niger
Aspergillus niger is a mold classified within the Nigri section of the Aspergillus genus. The Aspergillus genus consists of common molds found throughout the environment within soil and water, on vegetation, in fecal matter, on decomposing matter, and suspended in the air. Species within this genus often grow quickly a...
Aspergillus niger
[ "Biology" ]
2,457
[ "nan", "Fungi", "Fungus species", "Biotechnology" ]
312,562
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scarecrow%20%28DC%20Comics%29
The Scarecrow is a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. Created by writer Bill Finger and artist Bob Kane, the character first appeared in World's Finest Comics #3 (September 1941), and has become one of the superhero Batman's most enduring enemies belonging to the collective of advers...
Scarecrow (DC Comics)
[ "Chemistry" ]
6,778
[ "Fictional biochemists", "Biochemists" ]
312,623
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schindler%27s%20Ark
Schindler's Ark is a historical fiction published in 1982 by the Australian novelist Thomas Keneally. It is based on the fictionalized story of the historical figure, Oskar Schindler. The United States edition of the book was titled Schindler's List; it was later reissued in Commonwealth countries under that name as we...
Schindler's Ark
[ "Biology" ]
1,061
[ "Rescue of Jews during the Holocaust", "Behavior", "Altruism" ]
312,630
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WinNuke
In computer security, WinNuke is an example of a Nuke remote denial-of-service attack (DoS) that affected the Microsoft Windows 95, Microsoft Windows NT, Microsoft Windows 3.1x computer operating systems and Windows 7. The exploit sent a string of out-of-band data (OOB data) to the target computer on TCP port 139 (NetB...
WinNuke
[ "Technology" ]
444
[ "Denial-of-service attacks", "Computer security exploits" ]
312,648
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutual%20exclusivity
In logic and probability theory, two events (or propositions) are mutually exclusive or disjoint if they cannot both occur at the same time. A clear example is the set of outcomes of a single coin toss, which can result in either heads or tails, but not both. In the coin-tossing example, both outcomes are, in theory, ...
Mutual exclusivity
[ "Mathematics" ]
1,506
[ "nan" ]
312,671
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanosynthesis
Mechanosynthesis is a term for hypothetical chemical syntheses in which reaction outcomes are determined by the use of mechanical constraints to direct reactive molecules to specific molecular sites. There are presently no non-biological chemical syntheses which achieve this aim. Some atomic placement has been achieved...
Mechanosynthesis
[ "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]
1,933
[ "Nanotechnology", "nan", "Materials science", "Chemical synthesis" ]
312,678
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Footpath
A footpath (also pedestrian way, walking trail, nature trail) is a type of thoroughfare that is intended for use only by pedestrians and not other forms of traffic such as motorized vehicles, bicycles and horses. They can be found in a wide variety of places, from the centre of cities, to farmland, to mountain ridges. ...
Footpath
[ "Engineering" ]
2,511
[ "Urban planning", "Architecture" ]
312,757
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tron
Tron (stylized as TRON) is a 1982 American science fiction action adventure film written and directed by Steven Lisberger from a story by Lisberger and Bonnie MacBird. The film stars Jeff Bridges as Kevin Flynn, a computer programmer and video game developer who is transported inside the software world of a mainframe c...
Tron
[ "Technology" ]
7,812
[ "Works about computing", "Films about computing" ]
312,833
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dots%20per%20inch
Dots per inch (DPI, or dpi) is a measure of spatial printing, video or image scanner dot density, in particular the number of individual dots that can be placed in a line within the span of . Similarly, dots per centimetre (d/cm or dpcm) refers to the number of individual dots that can be placed within a line of . DPI...
Dots per inch
[ "Physics", "Mathematics", "Engineering" ]
4,071
[ "Physical quantities", "Units of density", "Quantity", "Electronic engineering", "Density", "Display technology", "Units of measurement" ]
312,853
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totally%20real%20number%20field
In number theory, a number field F is called totally real if for each embedding of F into the complex numbers the image lies inside the real numbers. Equivalent conditions are that F is generated over Q by one root of an integer polynomial P, all of the roots of P being real; or that the tensor product algebra of F wit...
Totally real number field
[ "Mathematics" ]
281
[ "Algebraic number theory", "Number theory" ]
312,867
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local%20analysis
In algebraic geometry and related areas of mathematics, local analysis is the practice of looking at a problem relative to each prime number p first, and then later trying to integrate the information gained at each prime into a 'global' picture. These are forms of the localization approach. Group theory In group theo...
Local analysis
[ "Mathematics" ]
371
[ "Discrete mathematics", "Mathematical structures", "Finite groups", "Algebraic structures", "Number theory" ]
312,877
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan%20normal%20form
In linear algebra, a Jordan normal form, also known as a Jordan canonical form, is an upper triangular matrix of a particular form called a Jordan matrix representing a linear operator on a finite-dimensional vector space with respect to some basis. Such a matrix has each non-zero off-diagonal entry equal to 1, immedia...
Jordan normal form
[ "Mathematics" ]
5,967
[ "Linear algebra", "Algebra" ]
312,881
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action%20%28physics%29
In physics, action is a scalar quantity that describes how the balance of kinetic versus potential energy of a physical system changes with trajectory. Action is significant because it is an input to the principle of stationary action, an approach to classical mechanics that is simpler for multiple objects. Action and ...
Action (physics)
[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]
2,670
[ "Scalar physical quantities", "Physical phenomena", "Mechanical quantities", "Physical quantities", "Action (physics)", "Theoretical physics", "Lagrangian mechanics", "Classical mechanics", "Hamiltonian mechanics", "Motion (physics)", "Dynamics (mechanics)", "Dynamical systems" ]
312,903
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excavator
Excavators are heavy construction equipment primarily consisting of a boom, dipper (or stick), bucket, and cab on a rotating platform known as the "house". The modern excavator's house sits atop an undercarriage with tracks or wheels, being an evolution of the steam shovel (which itself evolved into the power shovel w...
Excavator
[ "Engineering" ]
1,766
[ "Engineering vehicles", "Excavating equipment", "Mining equipment" ]
312,910
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaff
Chaff (; ) is dry, scale-like plant material such as the protective seed casings of cereal grains, the scale-like parts of flowers, or finely chopped straw. Chaff cannot be digested by humans, but it may be fed to livestock, ploughed into soil, or burned. Etymology "Chaff" comes from Middle English , from Old English...
Chaff
[ "Physics", "Biology" ]
711
[ "Plants", "Plant morphology", "Materials", "Waste", "Matter" ]
312,937
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusarium%20oxysporum
Fusarium oxysporum (Schlecht as emended by Snyder and Hansen), an ascomycete fungus, comprises all the species, varieties and forms recognized by Wollenweber and Reinking within an infrageneric grouping called section Elegans. It is part of the family Nectriaceae. Although their predominant role in native soils may be...
Fusarium oxysporum
[ "Biology" ]
1,750
[ "Plant pathogens and diseases", "Soil biology", "Plants" ]
312,943
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blacklight
A blacklight, also called a UV-A light, Wood's lamp, or ultraviolet light, is a lamp that emits long-wave (UV-A) ultraviolet light and very little visible light. One type of lamp has a violet filter material, either on the bulb or in a separate glass filter in the lamp housing, which blocks most visible light and all...
Blacklight
[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]
3,690
[ "Luminescence", "Molecular physics", "Spectrum (physical sciences)", "Electromagnetic spectrum", "Ultraviolet radiation" ]
312,976
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BCwa
Nüwa, also read Nügua, is a mother goddess, culture hero, and/or member of the Three Sovereigns of Chinese mythology. She is a goddess in Chinese folk religion, Chinese Buddhism, Confucianism and Taoism. She is credited with creating humanity and repairing the Pillar of Heaven. As creator of mankind, she molded humans...
Nüwa
[ "Astronomy" ]
4,098
[ "Cosmogony", "Creation myths" ]
313,009
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug%20overdose
A drug overdose (overdose or OD) is the ingestion or application of a drug or other substance in quantities much greater than are recommended. Typically the term is applied for cases when a risk to health is a potential result. An overdose may result in a toxic state or death. Classification The word "overdose" implie...
Drug overdose
[ "Environmental_science" ]
2,120
[ " medicaments and biological substances", "Toxicology", "Poisoning by drugs" ]
313,267
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron%20diffraction
Neutron diffraction or elastic neutron scattering is the application of neutron scattering to the determination of the atomic and/or magnetic structure of a material. A sample to be examined is placed in a beam of thermal or cold neutrons to obtain a diffraction pattern that provides information of the structure of the...
Neutron diffraction
[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science" ]
2,458
[ "Spectrum (physical sciences)", "Neutron scattering", "Crystallography", "Diffraction", "Scattering", "Spectroscopy" ]
313,303
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star%20polygon
In geometry, a star polygon is a type of non-convex polygon. Regular star polygons have been studied in depth; while star polygons in general appear not to have been formally defined, certain notable ones can arise through truncation operations on regular simple or star polygons. Branko Grünbaum identified two primary...
Star polygon
[ "Mathematics" ]
2,055
[ "Symbols", "Star symbols" ]
313,371
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rip%20current
A rip current (or just rip) is a specific type of water current that can occur near beaches where waves break. A rip is a strong, localized, and narrow current of water that moves directly away from the shore by cutting through the lines of breaking waves, like a river flowing out to sea. The force of the current in a ...
Rip current
[ "Physics" ]
2,641
[ "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Physical oceanography" ]
313,373
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rip%20tide
A rip tide, or riptide, is a strong offshore current that is caused by the tide pulling water through an inlet along a barrier beach, at a lagoon or inland marina where tide water flows steadily out to sea during ebb tide. It is a strong tidal flow of water within estuaries and other enclosed tidal areas. The riptides ...
Rip tide
[ "Physics", "Environmental_science" ]
620
[ "Oceanography", "Hydrology", "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Physical oceanography" ]
313,384
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long%20division
In arithmetic, long division is a standard division algorithm suitable for dividing multi-digit Hindu-Arabic numerals (positional notation) that is simple enough to perform by hand. It breaks down a division problem into a series of easier steps. As in all division problems, one number, called the dividend, is divided...
Long division
[ "Mathematics" ]
4,541
[ "Applied mathematics", "Algorithms", "Mathematical logic" ]
313,398
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wingtip%20device
Wingtip devices are intended to improve the efficiency of fixed-wing aircraft by reducing drag. Although there are several types of wing tip devices which function in different manners, their intended effect is always to reduce an aircraft's drag. Wingtip devices can also improve aircraft handling characteristics and e...
Wingtip device
[ "Engineering" ]
4,586
[ "Aircraft configurations", "Aerospace engineering" ]
313,416
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum%20analyzer
A spectrum analyzer measures the magnitude of an input signal versus frequency within the full frequency range of the instrument. The primary use is to measure the power of the spectrum of known and unknown signals. The input signal that most common spectrum analyzers measure is electrical; however, spectral compositio...
Spectrum analyzer
[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Technology", "Engineering" ]
4,312
[ "Physical phenomena", "Computer engineering", "Radio technology", "Measuring instruments", "Spectroscopy", "Instrumental analysis", "Scattering", "Particle physics", "Nuclear physics", "Information and communications technology", "Telecommunications engineering", "Molecular physics", "Spectr...
313,418
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luminous%20intensity
In photometry, luminous intensity is a measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle, based on the luminosity function, a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye. The SI unit of luminous intensity is the candela (cd), an SI base unit. M...
Luminous intensity
[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]
862
[ "Scalar physical quantities", "Electromagnetic quantities", "Physical quantities", "SI base quantities", "Quantity" ]
313,454
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wah-wah%20pedal
A wah-wah pedal, or simply wah pedal, is a type of effects pedal designed for electric guitar that alters the timbre of the input signal to create a distinctive sound, mimicking the human voice saying the onomatopoeic name "wah-wah". The pedal sweeps a band-pass filter up and down in frequency to create a spectral glid...
Wah-wah pedal
[ "Engineering" ]
2,804
[ "Electrical engineering", "Audio engineering" ]
313,530
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sperm%20whale
The sperm whale or cachalot (Physeter macrocephalus) is the largest of the toothed whales and the largest toothed predator. It is the only living member of the genus Physeter and one of three extant species in the sperm whale family, along with the pygmy sperm whale and dwarf sperm whale of the genus Kogia. The sperm ...
Sperm whale
[ "Biology" ]
12,139
[ "EDGE species", "Biodiversity" ]
313,565
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitivism%20%28psychology%29
In psychology, cognitivism is a theoretical framework for understanding the mind that gained credence in the 1950s. The movement was a response to behaviorism, which cognitivists said neglected to explain cognition. Cognitive psychology derived its name from the Latin cognoscere, referring to knowing and information, t...
Cognitivism (psychology)
[ "Biology" ]
2,514
[ "Behavioural sciences", "Behavior", "Cognitive psychology" ]
313,591
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spermaceti
Spermaceti is a waxy substance found in the head cavities of the sperm whale (and, in smaller quantities, in the oils of other whales). Spermaceti is created in the spermaceti organ inside the whale's head. This organ may contain as much as of spermaceti. It has been extracted by whalers since the 17th century for hu...
Spermaceti
[ "Physics" ]
1,386
[ "Materials", "Matter", "Waxes" ]
313,670
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/We%20Shall%20Overcome
"We Shall Overcome" is a gospel song that is associated heavily with the U.S. civil rights movement. The origins of the song are unclear; it was thought to have descended from "I'll Overcome Some Day," a hymn by Charles Albert Tindley, while the modern version of the song was first said to have been sung by tobacco wor...
We Shall Overcome
[ "Biology" ]
5,974
[ "Ethology", "Behavior", "Motivation", "Human behavior" ]
313,690
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WinGate
WinGate is an integrated multi-protocol proxy server, email server and internet gateway from Qbik New Zealand Limited in Auckland. It was first released in October 1995, and began as a re-write of SocketSet, a product that had been previously released in prototype form by Adrien de Croy. WinGate proved popular, and b...
WinGate
[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]
531
[ "Computer networking", "Computer science", "Computer engineering" ]
313,735
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knot%20polynomial
In the mathematical field of knot theory, a knot polynomial is a knot invariant in the form of a polynomial whose coefficients encode some of the properties of a given knot. History The first knot polynomial, the Alexander polynomial, was introduced by James Waddell Alexander II in 1923. Other knot polynomials were no...
Knot polynomial
[ "Mathematics" ]
477
[ "Polynomials", "Algebra" ]
313,739
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current%20solar%20income
The current solar income of the Earth, or any ecoregion of the earth, is the amount of solar energy that falls on it as sunlight. This is thought important in some branches of green economics, as the ultimate measure of renewable energy. Buckminster Fuller first described the concept in his 1970 paper Cosmic Costing,...
Current solar income
[ "Environmental_science" ]
203
[ "Environmental social science stubs", "Energy economics", "Environmental social science", "Systems ecology" ]
313,741
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D%20projection
A 3D projection (or graphical projection) is a design technique used to display a three-dimensional (3D) object on a two-dimensional (2D) surface. These projections rely on visual perspective and aspect analysis to project a complex object for viewing capability on a simpler plane. 3D projections use the primary quali...
3D projection
[ "Physics", "Mathematics", "Engineering" ]
3,753
[ "Functions and mappings", "Graphical projections", "Mathematical analysis", "Euclidean solid geometry", "Mathematical objects", "Space", "Mathematical relations", "Human–machine interaction", "Display devices", "Linear algebra", "Spacetime", "Algebra" ]
313,779
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum%20chaos
Quantum chaos is a branch of physics focused on how chaotic classical dynamical systems can be described in terms of quantum theory. The primary question that quantum chaos seeks to answer is: "What is the relationship between quantum mechanics and classical chaos?" The correspondence principle states that classical me...
Quantum chaos
[ "Physics" ]
3,845
[ "Theoretical physics", "Quantum mechanics" ]