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id int64 39 79M	url stringlengths 31 227	text stringlengths 6 334k	source stringlengths 1 150 ⌀	categories listlengths 1 6	token_count int64 3 71.8k	subcategories listlengths 0 30
1,531,739	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric%20form%20factor	The electric form factor is the Fourier transform of electric charge distribution in a nucleon. Nucleons (protons and neutrons) are made of up and down quarks which have charges associated with them (2/3 & -1/3, respectively). The study of Form Factors falls within the regime of Perturbative QCD. The idea originated f...	Electric form factor	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	99	[ "Electrodynamics", "Particle physics stubs", "Particle physics", "Dynamical systems" ]
1,531,742	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic%20form%20factor	In electromagnetism, a magnetic form factor is the Fourier transform of an electric charge distribution in space. See also Atomic form factor, for the form factor relevant to magnetic diffraction of free neutrons by unpaired outer electrons of an atom. Electric form factor Form factor (quantum field theory) Exter...	Magnetic form factor	[ "Physics", "Materials_science" ]	112	[ "Electromagnetism", "Materials science stubs", "Physical phenomena", "Fundamental interactions", "Electromagnetism stubs" ]
1,531,781	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rarita%E2%80%93Schwinger%20equation	In theoretical physics, the Rarita–Schwinger equation is the relativistic field equation of spin-3/2 fermions in a four-dimensional flat spacetime. It is similar to the Dirac equation for spin-1/2 fermions. This equation was first introduced by William Rarita and Julian Schwinger in 1941. In modern notation it can be ...	Rarita–Schwinger equation	[ "Physics", "Materials_science", "Mathematics" ]	763	[ "Quantum field theory", "Matter", "Equations of physics", "Fermions", "Applied mathematics", "Theoretical physics", "Eponymous equations of physics", "Quantum mechanics", "Condensed matter physics", "Mathematical physics", "Subatomic particles" ]
7,010,754	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QuickSilver%20%28project%29	The QuickSilver project at Cornell University is an AFRL-funded effort to build a platform in support of a new generation of scalable, secure, reliable distributed computing applications able to "regenerate" themselves after failure. Among the partners on this project are DARPA funding under the SRS program, the Unit...	QuickSilver (project)	[ "Technology" ]	121	[ "Computing stubs" ]
7,010,827	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auxiliary%20label	An auxiliary label (also called cautionary and advisory label or prescription drug warning label) is a label added on to a dispensed medication package by a pharmacist in addition to the usual prescription label. These labels are intended to provide supplementary information regarding the safe administration, use, and ...	Auxiliary label	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,463	[ "Pharmacology", "Pharmacy" ]
7,010,925	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein%20K%20%28porin%29	Structure Proteinase K has a catalytic triad of Ser 224, His 69, and Asp 39. Two peptide chains recognize substrates, 99-104 and 132–136. There is also a cysteine free near His 69. Protein K is a porin expressed in some pathogenic strains of E. coli bacteria. It has a molecular weight of about 40 kDa and is localiz...	Protein K (porin)	[ "Chemistry" ]	328	[ "Biochemistry stubs", "Protein stubs" ]
7,011,097	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricoh%20XR-P	The Ricoh XR-P is a 35mm Single Lens Reflex (SLR) camera introduced in 1984. Specifications The XR-P's lens system is the Ricoh System RK mount. Shutter speed ranges from 16 seconds to 1/2000 seconds plus B and TV. It has a self-timer of 10 seconds (zero seconds for left-hand shutter operation), and an interval ti...	Ricoh XR-P	[ "Technology" ]	211	[ "System cameras", "Single-lens reflex cameras" ]
7,011,270	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warm%20dense%20matter	Warm dense matter, abbreviated WDM, can refer to either equilibrium or non-equilibrium states of matter in a (loosely defined) regime of temperature and density between condensed matter and hot plasma. It can be defined as the state that is too dense to be described by weakly coupled plasma physics yet too hot to be de...	Warm dense matter	[ "Physics" ]	303	[ "Plasma theory and modeling", "Plasma physics" ]
7,011,453	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autochem	AutoChem is NASA release software that constitutes an automatic computer code generator and documenter for chemically reactive systems written by David Lary between 1993 and the present. It was designed primarily for modeling atmospheric chemistry, and in particular, for chemical data assimilation. The user selects a...	Autochem	[ "Chemistry", "Environmental_science" ]	451	[ "Chemical reaction engineering", "Computational chemistry software", "Chemistry software", "Theoretical chemistry stubs", "Environmental chemistry", "Computational chemistry", "Computational chemistry stubs", "nan", "Chemical kinetics", "Physical chemistry stubs" ]
7,011,824	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotechnology%20in%20pharmaceutical%20manufacturing	Biotechnology is the use of living organisms to develop useful products. Biotechnology is often used in pharmaceutical manufacturing. Notable examples include the use of bacteria to produce things such as insulin or human growth hormone. Other examples include the use of transgenic pigs for the creation of hemoglobin i...	Biotechnology in pharmaceutical manufacturing	[ "Biology" ]	1,700	[ "nan", "Biotechnology" ]
7,012,204	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication%20endpoint	A communication endpoint is a type of communication network node. It is an interface exposed by a communicating party or by a communication channel. An example of the latter type of a communication endpoint is a publish–subscribe topic or a group in group communication systems. See also Connection-oriented communica...	Communication endpoint	[ "Technology" ]	80	[ "Information and communications technology", "Computing terminology", "Computer network stubs", "Telecommunications", "Computing stubs" ]
7,012,532	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Paul%20Pavlick	Richard Paul Pavlick (February 13, 1887 – November 11, 1975) was a retired postal worker from New Hampshire who stalked Senator and U.S. president-elect John F. Kennedy, with the intent of assassinating him. On December 11, 1960, in Palm Beach, Florida, Pavlick positioned himself to carry out the assassination by blowi...	Richard Paul Pavlick	[ "Biology" ]	943	[ "Behavior", "Aggression", "Stalking" ]
7,012,714	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cav1.2	{{DISPLAYTITLE:Cav1.2}} Calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1C subunit (also known as Cav1.2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CACNA1C gene. Cav1.2 is a subunit of L-type voltage-dependent calcium channel. Structure and function This gene encodes an alpha-1 subunit of a voltage-dependent ...	Cav1.2	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,036	[ "Neurochemistry", "Ion channels" ]
7,012,846	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kir2.1	{{DISPLAYTITLE:Kir2.1}} The Kir2.1 inward-rectifier potassium channel is a lipid-gated ion channel encoded by the gene. Clinical significance A defect in this gene is associated with Andersen-Tawil syndrome. A mutation in the KCNJ2 gene has also been shown to cause short QT syndrome. In research In neurogenet...	Kir2.1	[ "Chemistry" ]	269	[ "Neurochemistry", "Ion channels" ]
7,013,043	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadalene	Cadalene or cadalin (4-isopropyl-1,6-dimethylnaphthalene) is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with a chemical formula C15H18 and a cadinane skeleton. It is derived from generic sesquiterpenes, and ubiquitous in essential oils of many higher plants. Cadalene, together with retene, simonellite and ip-iHMN, is a biomark...	Cadalene	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	165	[ "Petroleum", "Biomarkers", "Petroleum products" ]
7,013,200	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encainide	Encainide (trade name Enkaid) is a class Ic antiarrhythmic agent. It is no longer used because of its frequent proarrhythmic side effects. Synthesis See also Iferanserin Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial References Antiarrhythmic agents Benzanilides 4-Methoxyphenyl compounds Piperidines Sodium channel blocker...	Encainide	[ "Chemistry" ]	88	[ "Drug safety", "Withdrawn drugs" ]
7,013,240	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simonellite	Simonellite (1,1-dimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-7-isopropyl phenanthrene) is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with a chemical formula C19H24. It is similar to retene. Simonellite occurs naturally as an organic mineral derived from diterpenes present in conifer resins. It is named after its discoverer, Vittorio Simonelli...	Simonellite	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	203	[ "Organic compounds", "Biomarkers", "Organic minerals" ]
7,013,253	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajmaline	Ajmaline (also known by trade names Gilurytmal, Ritmos, and Aritmina) is an alkaloid that is classified as a 1-A antiarrhythmic agent. It is often used to induce arrhythmic contraction in patients suspected of having Brugada syndrome. Individuals suffering from Brugada syndrome will be more susceptible to the arrhythmo...	Ajmaline	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,372	[ "Quinolizidine alkaloids", "Alkaloids by chemical classification", "Tryptamine alkaloids" ]
7,013,264	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorajmine	Lorajmine (17-monochloroacetylajmaline) is a drug that is a potent sodium channel blocker (more specifically, a class Ia antiarrhythmic agent) that was used for treating arrhythmia. It is derived from ajmaline, an alkaloid from the roots of Rauvolfia serpentina, by synthetically adding a chloroacetate residue. Referen...	Lorajmine	[ "Chemistry" ]	111	[ "Alkaloids by chemical classification", "Indole alkaloids" ]
7,013,274	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prajmaline	Prajmaline (Neo-gilurythmal) is a class Ia antiarrhythmic agent which has been available since the 1970s. Class Ia drugs increase the time one action potential lasts in the heart. Prajmaline is a semi-synthetic propyl derivative of ajmaline, with a higher bioavailability than its predecessor. It acts to stop arrhythmia...	Prajmaline	[ "Chemistry" ]	610	[ "Organic compounds", "Biomolecules by chemical classification", "Natural products", "Alkaloids" ]
7,013,296	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparteine	Sparteine is a class 1a antiarrhythmic agent and sodium channel blocker. It is an alkaloid and can be extracted from scotch broom. It is the predominant alkaloid in Lupinus mutabilis, and is thought to chelate the bivalent metals calcium and magnesium. It is not FDA approved for human use as an antiarrhythmic agent, a...	Sparteine	[ "Chemistry" ]	675	[ "Quinolizidine alkaloids", "Alkaloids by chemical classification" ]
7,013,570	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycosynthase	The term glycosynthase refers to a class of proteins that have been engineered to catalyze the formation of a glycosidic bond. Glycosynthase are derived from glycosidase enzymes, which catalyze the hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds. They were traditionally formed from retaining glycosidase by mutating the active site nuc...	Glycosynthase	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	970	[ "Biomolecules by chemical classification", "Carbohydrates", "Organic compounds", "Carbohydrate chemistry", "Chemical synthesis", "nan", "Biochemistry", "Glycobiology" ]
7,013,578	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clothing%20sizes	Clothing sizes are the sizes with which garments sold off-the-shelf are labeled. Sizing systems vary based on the country and the type of garment, such as dresses, tops, skirts, and trousers. There are three approaches: Body dimensions: The label states the range of body measurements for which the product was designe...	Clothing sizes	[ "Physics", "Mathematics", "Engineering" ]	2,884	[ "Sizes in clothing", "Fashion design", "Physical quantities", "Quantity", "Size", "Design" ]
7,013,607	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycoside%20hydrolase	In biochemistry, glycoside hydrolases (also called glycosidases or glycosyl hydrolases) are a class of enzymes which catalyze the hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds in complex sugars. They are extremely common enzymes, with roles in nature including degradation of biomass such as cellulose (cellulase), hemicellulose, and s...	Glycoside hydrolase	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	2,299	[ "Biomolecules by chemical classification", "Carbohydrates", "Organic compounds", "Carbohydrate chemistry", "Chemical synthesis", "nan", "Biochemistry", "Glycobiology" ]
7,014,404	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport%20Accident%20Investigation%20Commission	The Transport Accident Investigation Commission (TAIC, ) is a transport safety body of New Zealand. It has its headquarters on the 7th floor of 10 Brandon Street in Wellington. The agency investigates aviation, marine, and rail accidents and incidents occurring in New Zealand, with a view to avoid similar occurrences i...	Transport Accident Investigation Commission	[ "Technology" ]	466	[ "Railway accidents and incidents", "Rail accident investigators" ]
7,014,430	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-Octyl%20bicycloheptene%20dicarboximide	N-Octyl bicycloheptene dicarboximide (MGK 264) is an ingredient in some common pesticides. It has no intrinsic pesticidal qualities itself, but rather is a synergist enhancing the potency of pyrethroid ingredients. It is used in a variety of household and veterinary products. MGK 264 is starting to appear on pestici...	N-Octyl bicycloheptene dicarboximide	[ "Chemistry" ]	183	[ "Imides", "Functional groups" ]
7,014,943	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual%20queue	Virtual queue is a concept used in both inbound call centers and other businesses to improve wait times for users. Call centers use an Automatic Call Distributor (ACD) to distribute incoming calls to specific resources (agents) in the center. ACDs hold queued calls in First In, First Out order until agents become avail...	Virtual queue	[ "Technology" ]	1,295	[ "Information technology", "Computer telephony integration" ]
7,015,629	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Wyatt%20%28inventor%29	John Wyatt (April 1700 – 29 November 1766), an English inventor, was born near Lichfield and was related to Sarah Ford, Doctor Johnson's mother. A carpenter by trade he began work in Birmingham on the development of a spinning machine. In 1733 he was working in the mill at New Forge (Powells) Pool, Sutton Coldfield a...	John Wyatt (inventor)	[ "Engineering" ]	564	[ "Textile engineers", "Textile engineering" ]
7,015,763	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardy%27s%20inequality	Hardy's inequality is an inequality in mathematics, named after G. H. Hardy. Its discrete version states that if is a sequence of non-negative real numbers, then for every real number p > 1 one has If the right-hand side is finite, equality holds if and only if for all n. An integral version of Hardy's inequality...	Hardy's inequality	[ "Mathematics" ]	655	[ "Theorems in mathematical analysis", "Mathematical theorems", "Theorems in real analysis", "Binary relations", "Mathematical relations", "Inequalities (mathematics)", "Mathematical problems" ]
7,015,856	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World%20Trade%20Center%20controlled%20demolition%20conspiracy%20theories	Some conspiracy theories contend that the collapse of the World Trade Center was caused not solely by the airliner crash damage that occurred as part of the September 11 attacks and the resulting fire damage but also by explosives installed in the buildings in advance. Controlled demolition theories make up a major com...	World Trade Center controlled demolition conspiracy theories	[ "Engineering" ]	5,493	[ "Construction", "Demolition" ]
7,016,138	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belum-Temengor	Belum-Temengor is the largest continuous forest complex in Peninsular Malaysia. Specifically, it is located in the Malaysian state of Perak (Hulu Perak) and crosses into Southern Thailand. Belum-Temenggor is divided into two sections. Belum is located up north, right by the Malaysia-Thailand border, while Temenggor is ...	Belum-Temengor	[ "Biology" ]	859	[ "Old-growth forests", "Ecosystems" ]
7,016,168	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Token%20Ring	Token Ring is a physical and data link layer computer networking technology used to build local area networks. It was introduced by IBM in 1984, and standardized in 1989 as IEEE 802.5. It uses a special three-byte frame called a token that is passed around a logical ring of workstations or servers. This token passing i...	Token Ring	[ "Mathematics", "Technology" ]	3,490	[ "Network topology", "Computer standards", "Topology", "IEEE standards" ]
7,016,898	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosynthetic%20picoplankton	Photosynthetic picoplankton or picophytoplankton is the fraction of the photosynthetic phytoplankton of cell sizes between 0.2 and 2 μm (i.e. picoplankton). It is especially important in the central oligotrophic regions of the world oceans that have very low concentration of nutrients. History 1952: Description of ...	Photosynthetic picoplankton	[ "Biology" ]	3,363	[ "Aquatic ecology", "Algae", "Cyanobacteria", "Ecosystems" ]
7,017,083	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterotrophic%20picoplankton	Heterotrophic picoplankton is the fraction of plankton composed by cells between 0.2 and 2 μm that do not perform photosynthesis. They form an important component of many biogeochemical cycles. Cells can be either: prokaryotes Archaea form a major part of the picoplankton in the Antarctic and are abundant in other r...	Heterotrophic picoplankton	[ "Biology" ]	707	[ "Aquatic ecology", "Ecosystems" ]
8,672,923	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HR%203803	HR 3803 or N Velorum (N Vel) is a 3rd-magnitude star on the border between the southern constellations Carina and Vela. Based upon parallax measurements, it is approximately from Earth. It has a spectral classificafion of K5III, indicating that it has evolved from the main sequence and is now a giant star. At this e...	HR 3803	[ "Astronomy" ]	273	[ "Vela (constellation)", "Constellations" ]
8,672,942	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HD%2074272	HD 74272 is a star in the constellation Vela. It has the Bayer designation n Velorum, while HD 74272 is the identifier from the Henry Draper catalogue. This is a white hued star that is faintly visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.74. It is located at a distance of approximately 1,800 light y...	HD 74272	[ "Astronomy" ]	229	[ "Vela (constellation)", "Constellations" ]
8,672,984	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Password%20fatigue	Password fatigue is the feeling experienced by many people who are required to remember an excessive number of passwords as part of their daily routine, such as to log in to a computer at work, undo a bicycle lock or conduct banking from an automated teller machine. The concept is also known as password chaos, or more ...	Password fatigue	[ "Engineering" ]	1,284	[ "Cybersecurity engineering", "Data security" ]
8,672,988	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HD%2072108	HD 72108 (A Vel, A Velorum) is a star system in the constellation Vela. It is approximately 1640 light years from Earth. The primary component, HD 72108 A, is a blue-white B-type subgiant with an apparent magnitude of +5.33. It is a spectroscopic binary, whose components are separated by 0.176 arcseconds. At a dista...	HD 72108	[ "Astronomy" ]	182	[ "Vela (constellation)", "Constellations" ]
8,672,997	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HD%2075063	HD 75063 is a single star in the southern constellation of Vela. It has the Bayer designation of a Velorum, while HD 75063 is the identifier from the Henry Draper Catalogue. This is a naked-eye star with an apparent visual magnitude of 3.87 and has a white hue. The star is located at a distance of approximately 1,900 l...	HD 75063	[ "Astronomy" ]	254	[ "Vela (constellation)", "Constellations" ]
8,673,632	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronde-bosse	Ronde-bosse, en ronde bosse or encrusted enamel is an enamelling technique developed in France in the late 14th century that produces small three-dimensional figures, or reliefs, largely or entirely covered in enamel. The new method involved the partial concealment of the underlying gold, or sometimes silver, from whic...	Ronde-bosse	[ "Chemistry" ]	746	[ "Coatings", "Vitreous enamel" ]
8,673,754	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20second%20moments%20of%20area	The following is a list of second moments of area of some shapes. The second moment of area, also known as area moment of inertia, is a geometrical property of an area which reflects how its points are distributed with respect to an arbitrary axis. The unit of dimension of the second moment of area is length to fourth ...	List of second moments of area	[ "Physics", "Mathematics", "Engineering" ]	234	[ "Physical quantities", "Quantity", "Mechanics", "Mechanical engineering", "Moment (physics)" ]
8,674,784	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soricomorpha	Soricomorpha (from Greek "shrew-form") is a formerly used taxon within the class of mammals. In the past it formed a significant group within the former order Insectivora. However, Insectivora was shown to be polyphyletic and various new orders were split off from it, including Afrosoricida (tenrecs, golden moles, otte...	Soricomorpha	[ "Biology" ]	508	[ "Phylogenetics", "Paraphyletic groups" ]
8,674,917	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanobatteries	Nanobatteries are fabricated batteries employing technology at the nanoscale, particles that measure less than 100 nanometers or 10−7 meters. These batteries may be nano in size or may use nanotechnology in a macro scale battery. Nanoscale batteries can be combined to function as a macrobattery such as within a nanopor...	Nanobatteries	[ "Materials_science" ]	3,466	[ "Nanotechnology", "Nanoelectronics" ]
8,676,520	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymethine	Polymethines are compounds made up from an odd number of methine groups (CH) bound together by alternating single and double bonds. Compounds made up from an even number of methine groups are known as polyenes. Polymethine dyes Cyanines are synthetic dyes belonging to polymethine group. Anthocyanidins are natural pl...	Polymethine	[ "Chemistry" ]	128	[ "Organic compounds", "Alkenes" ]
8,676,888	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium%20permanganate	Sodium permanganate is the inorganic compound with the formula NaMnO4. It is closely related to the more commonly encountered potassium permanganate, but it is generally less desirable, because it is more expensive to produce. It is mainly available as the monohydrate. This salt absorbs water from the atmosphere and ...	Sodium permanganate	[ "Chemistry" ]	426	[ "Redox", "Oxidizing agents", "Permanganates" ]
8,677,967	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tricholoma%20magnivelare	Tricholoma magnivelare, commonly known as the matsutake, white matsutake, ponderosa mushroom, pine mushroom, or American matsutake, is a gilled mushroom found East of the Rocky Mountains in North America growing in coniferous woodland. These ectomycorrhizal fungi are typically edible species that exist in a symbiotic r...	Tricholoma magnivelare	[ "Biology" ]	776	[ "Fungi", "Fungus species" ]
8,678,512	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toftness%20device	The Toftness Radiation Detector was a quack instrument used by some chiropractors. It was patented by Irwing N. Toftness in 1971, and was banned from use in the United States in 1982. Toftness claimed that it detected electromagnetic radiation emanating from vertebral subluxations. The device had multiple forms, but a...	Toftness device	[ "Chemistry" ]	436	[ "Radioactive quackery", "Radioactivity" ]
8,678,691	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring%20house	A spring house, or springhouse, is a small building, usually of a single room, constructed over a spring. While the original purpose of a springhouse was to keep the spring water clean by excluding fallen leaves, animals, etc., the enclosing structure was also used for refrigeration before the advent of ice delivery a...	Spring house	[ "Environmental_science" ]	206	[ "Hydrology", "Springs (hydrology)" ]
8,680,227	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BCrgi%E2%80%93Dunitz%20angle	The Bürgi–Dunitz angle (BD angle) is one of two angles that fully define the geometry of "attack" (approach via collision) of a nucleophile on a trigonal unsaturated center in a molecule, originally the carbonyl center in an organic ketone, but now extending to aldehyde, ester, and amide carbonyls, and to alkenes (olef...	Bürgi–Dunitz angle	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,615	[ "Physical organic chemistry" ]
16,001,928	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concrete%20step%20barrier	A concrete step barrier is a safety barrier used on the central reservation of motorways and dual carriageways as an alternative to the standard steel crash barrier. United Kingdom With effect from January 2005 and based primarily on safety grounds, the UK National Highways policy is that all new motorway schemes are...	Concrete step barrier	[ "Engineering" ]	400	[ "Structural engineering", "Concrete" ]
16,002,406	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Complete%20Book%20of%20Outer%20Space	The Complete Book of Outer Space is a 1953 collection of essays about space exploration edited by Jeffrey Logan. It first appeared as a magazine, published by Maco Magazine Corp. The first book publication was by Gnome Press in 1953 in an edition of 3,000 copies. Contents Preface, by Kenneth MacLeish "A Preview of t...	The Complete Book of Outer Space	[ "Astronomy" ]	320	[ "Outer space", "Astronomy book stubs", "Astronomy stubs", "Outer space stubs" ]
16,002,442	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA%20adenine%20methyltransferase%20identification	DNA adenine methyltransferase identification, often abbreviated DamID, is a molecular biology protocol used to map the binding sites of DNA- and chromatin-binding proteins in eukaryotes. DamID identifies binding sites by expressing the proposed DNA-binding protein as a fusion protein with DNA methyltransferase. Binding...	DNA adenine methyltransferase identification	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering", "Biology" ]	1,879	[ "Genetics techniques", "Biochemistry", "Genetic engineering", "Molecular biology" ]
16,003,010	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mocmex	Mocmex is a trojan, which was found in a digital photo frame in February 2008. It was the first serious computer virus on a digital photo frame. The virus was traced back to a group in China. Overview Mocmex collects passwords for online games. The virus is able to recognize and block antivirus protection from more t...	Mocmex	[ "Engineering" ]	311	[ "Electronic engineering", "Display technology" ]
16,003,024	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxus%20%28rocket%29	Maxus is a sounding rocket that are used in the MAXUS microgravity rocket programme, a joint venture between Swedish Space Corporation and EADS Astrium Space Transportation used by ESA. It is launched from Esrange Space Center in Sweden and provides access to microgravity for up to 14 minutes. Technical characteristic...	Maxus (rocket)	[ "Astronomy" ]	161	[ "Rocketry stubs", "Astronomy stubs" ]
16,004,109	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavilion%20Lake	Pavilion Lake is a freshwater lake located in Marble Canyon, British Columbia, Canada home to colonies of freshwater microbialites. Location and local communities It is located between the towns of Lillooet and Cache Creek (29.44 kilometres WNW, as the crow flies, from Cache Creek) and lies along BC Highway 99, 8.85 ...	Pavilion Lake	[ "Astronomy", "Biology" ]	637	[ "Origin of life", "Speculative evolution", "Astrobiology", "Biological hypotheses", "Astronomical sub-disciplines" ]
16,004,359	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littlewood%E2%80%93Richardson%20rule	In mathematics, the Littlewood–Richardson rule is a combinatorial description of the coefficients that arise when decomposing a product of two Schur functions as a linear combination of other Schur functions. These coefficients are natural numbers, which the Littlewood–Richardson rule describes as counting certain skew...	Littlewood–Richardson rule	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	3,628	[ "Symmetry", "Group actions", "Algebra", "Combinatorics", "Fields of abstract algebra", "Symmetric functions", "Representation theory", "Algebraic combinatorics", "Invariant theory" ]
16,005,213	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical%20Associate%20%28Psychology%29	In Scotland, a Clinical Associate is a shortened designation for a Clinical Associate in Applied Psychology (CAAP). A Clinical Associate is a specialist regulated mental health professional whose duties include assessing, formulating, and treating clients all within specified ranges of conditions and age. Clinical Asso...	Clinical Associate (Psychology)	[ "Biology" ]	1,413	[ "Behavioural sciences", "Behavior", "Clinical psychology" ]
16,005,814	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickel%28II%29%20chromate	Nickel(II) chromate (NiCrO4) is an acid-soluble compound, red-brown in color, with high tolerances for heat. It and the ions that compose it have been linked to tumor formation and gene mutation, particularly to wildlife. Synthesis Nickel(II) chromate can be formed in the lab by heating a mixture of chromium(III) ox...	Nickel(II) chromate	[ "Chemistry" ]	540	[ "Chromates", "Redox", "Oxidizing agents", "Salts" ]
16,006,094	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabexate	Gabexate is a serine protease inhibitor which is used therapeutically (as gabexate mesilate) in the treatment of pancreatitis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and as a regional anticoagulant for haemodialysis. References Guanidines Benzoate esters Ethyl esters	Gabexate	[ "Chemistry" ]	76	[ "Guanidines", "Functional groups" ]
16,006,394	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food%20vs.%20fuel	Food versus fuel is the dilemma regarding the risk of diverting farmland or crops for biofuels production to the detriment of the food supply. The biofuel and food price debate involves wide-ranging views and is a long-standing, controversial one in the literature. There is disagreement about the significance of the is...	Food vs. fuel	[ "Environmental_science" ]	9,378	[ "Energy economics", "Environmental social science", "Environmental ethics" ]
16,006,868	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydrazide	Carbohydrazide is the chemical compound with the formula OC(N2H3)2. It appears as a white solid that is soluble in water, but not in many organic solvents, such as ethanol, ether or benzene. It decomposes upon melting. A number of carbazides are known where one or more N-H groups are replaced by other substituents. ...	Carbohydrazide	[ "Technology" ]	610	[ "Components", "Cleaning product components" ]
16,007,103	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Oil%20Factor	The Oil Factor, alternatively known as Behind the War on Terror, is a 2004 movie written and directed by Gerard Ungerman and Audrey Brohy, narrated by Ed Asner. The documentary analyzes the development of some global events since the beginning of the century (especially after the 9/11 terrorist attacks) from the perspe...	The Oil Factor	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,264	[ "Petroleum", "Petroleum politics" ]
16,008,235	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centurion%20Guard	Centurion Guard is a PC hardware and software-based security product, developed by Centurion Technologies. It was first released in 1996. There were several different releases and versions of this product, and many were distributed in computers donated to libraries by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Operating sys...	Centurion Guard	[ "Technology" ]	82	[ "Computer security stubs", "Computing stubs" ]
16,008,334	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Election%20Markup%20Language	Election Markup Language (EML) is an XML-based standard to support end to end management of election processes. History of EML The OASIS Election and Voter Services Technical Committee, which met for the first time in May 2001, was chartered "To develop a standard for the structured interchange of data among hardware...	Election Markup Language	[ "Technology" ]	1,733	[ "Computer standards", "XML-based standards" ]
16,008,582	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OGLE-2006-BLG-109Lc	OGLE-2006-BLG-109Lc is an extrasolar planet approximately 4,925 light-years away in the constellation of Sagittarius. The planet was detected orbiting the star OGLE-2006-BLG-109L in 2008 by a research team using Microlensing. The host star is about 50% the mass of the Sun and the planet is about 90% the mass of Saturn...	OGLE-2006-BLG-109Lc	[ "Astronomy" ]	156	[ "Sagittarius (constellation)", "Constellations" ]
16,008,681	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OGLE-2006-BLG-109Lb	OGLE-2006-BLG-109Lb is an extrasolar planet approximately 4,920 light-years away in the constellation of Sagittarius. The planet was detected orbiting the star OGLE-2006-BLG-109L in 2008 by a research team using Microlensing. See also Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment or OGLE 47 Ursae Majoris b OGLE-2005-B...	OGLE-2006-BLG-109Lb	[ "Astronomy" ]	132	[ "Sagittarius (constellation)", "Constellations" ]
16,009,385	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taub%E2%80%93NUT%20space	The Taub–NUT metric (, ) is an exact solution to Einstein's equations. It may be considered a first attempt in finding the metric of a spinning black hole. It is sometimes also used in homogeneous but anisotropic cosmological models formulated in the framework of general relativity. The underlying Taub space was found...	Taub–NUT space	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	316	[ "Exact solutions in general relativity", "Mathematical objects", "Equations" ]
16,009,751	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexus%20Link	Lexus Link, launched in October 2000, is a subscription-based safety and security service from Lexus. It has been offered as a factory-installed option, available on certain Lexus models (LX, GX, LS, and GS), offering call-center-based telematics services to owners with equipped vehicles in the United States and Canada...	Lexus Link	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	616	[ "Global Positioning System", "Wireless locating", "Aircraft instruments", "Aerospace engineering" ]
16,011,006	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worst-case%20circuit%20analysis	Worst-case circuit analysis (WCCA or WCA) is a cost-effective means of screening a design to ensure with a high degree of confidence that potential defects and deficiencies are identified and eliminated prior to and during test, production, and delivery. It is a quantitative assessment of the equipment performance, ac...	Worst-case circuit analysis	[ "Engineering" ]	976	[ "Reliability analysis", "Reliability engineering" ]
16,011,394	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Live%20Communications%20Server%202005	Live Communications Server 2005 (LCS 2005), codenamed Vienna, is the second version of a SIP based instant messaging and presence server after Live Communications Server 2003. LCS 2005 was first released in 2005, and was updated with new features with Service Pack 1 in 2006. LCS 2005 has been superseded by Microsoft O...	Live Communications Server 2005	[ "Technology" ]	880	[ "Instant messaging", "Instant messaging server software" ]
16,012,095	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture%20studio	Architecture studio is a class in an undergraduate or graduate professional architecture program (such as a Bachelor of Architecture or Master of Architecture program) in which students receive hands-on instruction in architectural design. Typically, architecture studio classes include distinctive educational techniqu...	Architecture studio	[ "Engineering" ]	127	[ "Architectural education", "Architecture" ]
16,013,871	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Zealand%20Threat%20Classification%20System	The New Zealand Threat Classification System is used by the Department of Conservation to assess conservation priorities of species in New Zealand. The system was developed because the IUCN Red List, a similar conservation status system, had some shortcomings for the unique requirements of conservation ranking in New ...	New Zealand Threat Classification System	[ "Biology" ]	370	[ "Biota by conservation status", "Biota by conservation status system" ]
16,014,461	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple%20satellite%20imaging	Multiple satellite imaging is the process of using multiple satellites to gather more information than a single satellite so that a better estimate of the desired source is possible. Something that cannot be resolved with one telescope might be visible with two or more telescopes. Background Interferometry is the proc...	Multiple satellite imaging	[ "Astronomy", "Technology", "Engineering" ]	1,402	[ "Space telescopes", "Interferometers", "Measuring instruments" ]
16,015,428	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular%20conductance	Molecular Conductance (), or the conductance of a single molecule, is a physical quantity in molecular electronics. Molecular conductance is dependent on the surrounding conditions (e.g. pH, temperature, pressure), as well as the properties of the measuring device. Many experimental techniques have been developed in an...	Molecular conductance	[ "Chemistry", "Materials_science" ]	696	[ "Nanotechnology", "Molecular physics", "Molecular electronics" ]
2,175,313	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion%20lines	In comics and art more broadly, motion lines (also known as movement lines, action lines, speed lines, or zip ribbons) are the abstract lines that appear behind a moving object or person, parallel to its direction of movement, to make it appear as if it is moving quickly. They are common in Japanese manga and anime, of...	Motion lines	[ "Physics" ]	327	[ "Physical phenomena", "Motion (physics)", "Linear motion" ]
2,175,469	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-line-of-sight%20propagation	Non-line-of-sight (NLOS) radio propagation occurs outside of the typical line-of-sight (LOS) between the transmitter and receiver, such as in ground reflections. Near-line-of-sight (also NLOS) conditions refer to partial obstruction by a physical object present in the innermost Fresnel zone. Obstacles that commonly c...	Non-line-of-sight propagation	[ "Physics" ]	7,326	[ "Physical phenomena", "Spectrum (physical sciences)", "Radio frequency propagation", "Electromagnetic spectrum", "Waves" ]
2,175,504	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Method%20of%20moments%20%28statistics%29	In statistics, the method of moments is a method of estimation of population parameters. The same principle is used to derive higher moments like skewness and kurtosis. It starts by expressing the population moments (i.e., the expected values of powers of the random variable under consideration) as functions of the pa...	Method of moments (statistics)	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	1,583	[ "Mathematical analysis", "Moments (mathematics)", "Physical quantities", "Moment (physics)" ]
2,175,518	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siemens%20star	A Siemens star, or spoke target, is a device used to test the resolution of optical instruments, printers, and displays. It consists of a pattern of bright "spokes" on a dark background that radiate from a common center and become wider as they get further from it. In concept, the spokes only meet at the exact center o...	Siemens star	[ "Physics" ]	548	[ "Optical phenomena", "Physical phenomena", "Optical illusions" ]
2,175,523	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucomannan	Glucomannan is a water-soluble polysaccharide that is considered a dietary fiber. It is a hemicellulose component in the cell walls of some plant species. Glucomannan is a food additive used as an emulsifier and thickener. It is a major source of mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) found in nature, the other being galactoman...	Glucomannan	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,522	[ "Carbohydrates", "Polysaccharides" ]
2,175,587	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laetiporus%20sulphureus	Laetiporus sulphureus is a species of bracket fungus (fungi that grow on trees) found in Europe and North America. Its common names are sulphur polypore, sulphur shelf, and chicken-of-the-woods. Its fruit bodies grow as striking golden-yellow shelf-like structures on tree trunks and branches. Old fruitbodies fade to pa...	Laetiporus sulphureus	[ "Biology" ]	1,126	[ "Fungi", "Fungus species" ]
2,175,615	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixed%20potential%20theory	Mixed potential theory is a theory used in electrochemistry that relates the potentials and currents from differing constituents into a 'weighted' potential at zero net current. In other words, it is an electrode potential resulting from a simultaneous action of more than a single redox couple, while the net electrode ...	Mixed potential theory	[ "Chemistry" ]	147	[ "Electrochemical potentials", "Electrochemistry", "nan", "Electrochemistry stubs", "Physical chemistry stubs" ]
2,175,656	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mowich%20Lake	Mowich Lake is a lake located in the northwestern corner of Mount Rainier National Park in Washington state at an elevation of . The name "Mowich" derives from the Chinook jargon word for deer. Access to the lake is provided by a long unpaved road which opens to vehicles in mid June to early July. Mowich Lake is also...	Mowich Lake	[ "Biology" ]	338	[ "Old-growth forests", "Ecosystems" ]
2,175,836	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hering%20illusion	The Hering illusion is one of the geometrical-optical illusions and was discovered by the German physiologist Ewald Hering in 1861. When two straight and parallel lines are presented in front of a radial background (like the spokes of a bicycle), the lines appear as if they were bowed outwards. The Orbison illusion is...	Hering illusion	[ "Physics" ]	630	[ "Optical phenomena", "Physical phenomena", "Optical illusions" ]
2,175,985	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ehrenstein%20illusion	The Ehrenstein illusion is an optical illusion of brightness or color perception. The visual phenomena was studied by the German psychologist Walter H. Ehrenstein (1899–1961) who originally wanted to modify the theory behind the Hermann grid illusion. In the discovery of the optical illusion, Ehrenstein found that grat...	Ehrenstein illusion	[ "Physics" ]	1,104	[ "Optical phenomena", "Physical phenomena", "Optical illusions" ]
2,176,027	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvatia%20gigantea	Calvatia gigantea, commonly known in English as the giant puffball, is a puffball mushroom commonly found in meadows, fields, and deciduous forests in late summer and autumn. It is found in temperate areas throughout the world. Description According to the Missouri Department of Conservation, Calvatia gigantea typical...	Calvatia gigantea	[ "Biology" ]	813	[ "Fungi", "Fungus species" ]
2,176,031	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Healthcare%20Effectiveness%20Data%20and%20Information%20Set	The Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS) is a widely used set of performance measures in the managed care industry, developed and maintained by the National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA). HEDIS was designed to allow consumers to compare health plan performance to other plans and to nation...	Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set	[ "Biology" ]	2,539	[ "Health informatics", "Medical technology" ]
2,176,091	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaseous%20ionization%20detector	Gaseous ionization detectors are radiation detection instruments used in particle physics to detect the presence of ionizing particles, and in radiation protection applications to measure ionizing radiation. They use the ionising effect of radiation upon a gas-filled sensor. If a particle has enough energy to ionize a...	Gaseous ionization detector	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	1,123	[ "Ionising radiation detectors", "Radioactive contamination", "Particle detectors", "Measuring instruments" ]
2,176,160	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interval%20arithmetic	[[File:Set of curves Outer approximation.png\|345px\|thumb\|right\|Tolerance function (turquoise) and interval-valued approximation (red)]] Interval arithmetic (also known as interval mathematics; interval analysis or interval computation) is a mathematical technique used to mitigate rounding and measurement errors in math...	Interval arithmetic	[ "Mathematics" ]	5,695	[ "Computational mathematics", "Computer arithmetic", "Arithmetic", "Mathematical relations", "Numerical analysis", "Approximations", "Number theory" ]
2,176,235	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbison%20illusion	The Orbison illusion (or Orbison's illusion) is an optical illusion first described by American psychologist William Orbison (1912–1952) in 1939. The illusion consists of a two dimensional figure, such as a circle or square, superimposed over a background of radial lines or concentric circles. The result is an optical...	Orbison illusion	[ "Physics" ]	111	[ "Optical phenomena", "Physical phenomena", "Optical illusions" ]
2,176,296	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wundt%20illusion	The Wundt illusion is an optical illusion that was first described by the German psychologist Wilhelm Wundt in the 19th century. The two red vertical lines are both straight, but they may look as if they are bowed inwards to some observers. The distortion is induced by the crooked lines on the background, as in the Orb...	Wundt illusion	[ "Physics" ]	185	[ "Optical phenomena", "Physical phenomena", "Optical illusions" ]
2,176,354	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20XML%20and%20HTML%20character%20entity%20references	In SGML, HTML and XML documents, the logical constructs known as character data and attribute values consist of sequences of characters, in which each character can manifest directly (representing itself), or can be represented by a series of characters called a character reference, of which there are two types: a nume...	List of XML and HTML character entity references	[ "Technology" ]	2,473	[ "Computing-related lists", "Lists of computer languages" ]
2,176,490	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jastrow%20illusion	The Jastrow illusion is an optical illusion attributed to the Polish-American psychologist Joseph Jastrow. This optical illusion is known under different names: Ring-Segment illusion, Jastrow illusion, Wundt area illusion or Wundt-Jastrow illusion. The illusion also occurs in the real world. The two toy railway tracks...	Jastrow illusion	[ "Physics" ]	1,313	[ "Optical phenomena", "Physical phenomena", "Optical illusions" ]
2,176,938	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dander	Dander is material shed from the body of humans and other animals that have fur, hair, or feathers. The term is similar to dandruff, when an excess of flakes becomes visible. Skin flakes that come off the main body of an animal are dander, while the flakes of skin called dandruff come from the scalp and are composed of...	Dander	[ "Biology" ]	384	[ "Animals", "Animal physiology" ]
2,177,013	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agouti-related%20peptide	Agouti-related protein (AgRP), also called agouti-related peptide, is a neuropeptide produced in the brain by the AgRP/NPY neuron. It is synthesized in neuropeptide Y (NPY)-containing cell bodies located in the ventromedial part of the arcuate nucleus in the hypothalamus. AgRP is co-expressed with NPY and acts to incre...	Agouti-related peptide	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,588	[ "Biomolecules by chemical classification", "Peptides", "Molecular biology" ]
2,177,036	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perceptual%20psychology	Perceptual psychology is a subfield of cognitive psychology that concerns the conscious and unconscious innate aspects of the human cognitive system: perception. A pioneer of the field was James J. Gibson. One major study was that of affordances, i.e. the perceived utility of objects in, or features of, one's surround...	Perceptual psychology	[ "Biology" ]	380	[ "Behavioural sciences", "Behavior", "Cognitive psychology" ]
2,177,071	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-tagging	b-tagging is a method of jet flavor tagging used in modern particle physics experiments. It is the identification (or "tagging") of jets originating from bottom quarks (or b quarks, hence the name). Importance b-tagging is important because: The physics of bottom quarks is quite interesting; in particular, it sheds ...	B-tagging	[ "Physics" ]	585	[ "Matter", "Hadrons", "Experimental physics", "Particle physics", "Experimental particle physics", "Subatomic particles" ]
2,177,220	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patch%20Tuesday	Patch Tuesday (also known as Update Tuesday) is an unofficial term used to refer to when Microsoft, Adobe, Oracle and others regularly release software patches for their software products. It is widely referred to in this way by the industry. Microsoft formalized Patch Tuesday in October 2003. Patch Tuesday is known wi...	Patch Tuesday	[ "Engineering" ]	1,825	[ "Software engineering", "Cybersecurity engineering", "Computer security procedures", "Software maintenance" ]
2,177,300	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viloxazine	Viloxazine, sold under the brand name Qelbree among others, is a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor medication that is indicated in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adults. It was marketed for almost 30years as an antidepressant for the treatment of depression be...	Viloxazine	[ "Chemistry" ]	2,384	[ "Drug safety", "Withdrawn drugs" ]
2,177,591	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aft-crossing%20trajectory	In 2005, a new trajectory that an air-launched rocket could take to put satellites into orbit was tested. Until this time, launch vehicles such as the Pegasus rocket, or rocket planes such as the X-1, X-15, or SpaceShipOne, which were carried under an aircraft pointing in the same direction as the fuselage, would have ...	Aft-crossing trajectory	[ "Astronomy" ]	246	[ "Spaceflight", "Outer space" ]
2,178,110	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20astronomical%20societies	A list of notable groups devoted to promoting astronomy research and education. International International Astronomical Union (IAU) International Meteor Organization Network for Astronomy School Education The Planetary Society Africa Astronomical Society of Southern Africa Asia China Hong Kong Astronomical Society...	List of astronomical societies	[ "Astronomy" ]	466	[ "Astronomy societies", "Astronomy-related lists", "Astronomy organizations" ]

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