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2,178,278	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jet%20%28particle%20physics%29	A jet is a narrow cone of hadrons and other particles produced by the hadronization of quarks and gluons in a particle physics or heavy ion experiment. Particles carrying a color charge, i.e. quarks and gluons, cannot exist in free form because of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) confinement which only allows for colorless...	Jet (particle physics)	[ "Physics" ]	1,528	[ "Experimental physics", "Particle physics", "Experimental particle physics" ]
2,178,320	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milwaukee%20Metropolitan%20Sewerage%20District	The Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District (MMSD) is a regional government agency that provides water reclamation and flood management services for about 1.1 million people in 28 communities in the Greater Milwaukee Area. A recipient of the U.S. Water Prize and many other awards, the District has a record of 98.4 per...	Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District	[ "Engineering" ]	1,413	[ "Civil engineering", "Historic Civil Engineering Landmarks" ]
2,178,380	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Induced%20gamma%20emission	In physics, induced gamma emission (IGE) refers to the process of fluorescent emission of gamma rays from excited nuclei, usually involving a specific nuclear isomer. It is analogous to conventional fluorescence, which is defined as the emission of a photon (unit of light) by an excited electron in an atom or molecule....	Induced gamma emission	[ "Physics" ]	1,881	[ "Nuclear interdisciplinary topics", "Nuclear physics" ]
2,178,421	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straw%20chamber	A straw chamber is a type of Gaseous ionization detector. It is a long tube with a wire down the center and a gas which becomes ionized when a particle passes through. A potential difference is maintained between the wire and the walls of the tube, so that once the gas is ionized electrons move in one direction and i...	Straw chamber	[ "Physics", "Technology", "Engineering" ]	257	[ "Particle physics stubs", "Particle detectors", "Particle physics", "Measuring instruments" ]
2,178,474	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle%20identification	Particle identification is the process of using information left by a particle passing through a particle detector to identify the type of particle. Particle identification reduces backgrounds and improves measurement resolutions, and is essential to many analyses at particle detectors. Charged particles Charged part...	Particle identification	[ "Physics" ]	848	[ "Experimental physics", "Particle physics", "Experimental particle physics" ]
2,178,487	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epitope%20mapping	In immunology, epitope mapping is the process of experimentally identifying the binding site, or epitope, of an antibody on its target antigen (usually, on a protein). Identification and characterization of antibody binding sites aid in the discovery and development of new therapeutics, vaccines, and diagnostics. Epito...	Epitope mapping	[ "Biology" ]	1,933	[ "Immunologic tests" ]
2,178,511	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ephebos	Ephebos (; pl. epheboi, ), latinized as ephebus (pl. ephebi) and anglicised as ephebe (pl. ephebes), is a term for a male adolescent in Ancient Greece. The term was particularly used to denote one who was doing military training and preparing to become an adult. From about 335 BC, ephebes from Athens (aged between 18–2...	Ephebos	[ "Biology" ]	1,175	[ "Behavioural sciences", "Behavior", "Human development" ]
2,178,530	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetraamminecopper%28II%29%20sulfate	Tetraamminecopper(II) sulfate monohydrate, or more precisely tetraammineaquacopper(II) sulfate, is the salt with the formula , or more precisely [. This dark blue to purple solid is a sulfuric acid salt of the metal complex (tetraammineaquacopper(II) cation). It is closely related to Schweizer's reagent, which is used...	Tetraamminecopper(II) sulfate	[ "Chemistry" ]	505	[ "Sulfates", "Salts" ]
2,178,570	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic%20dust	Cosmic dustalso called extraterrestrial dust, space dust, or star dustis dust that occurs in outer space or has fallen onto Earth. Most cosmic dust particles measure between a few molecules and , such as micrometeoroids (<30 μm) and meteoroids (>30 μm). Cosmic dust can be further distinguished by its astronomical locat...	Cosmic dust	[ "Chemistry", "Astronomy", "Biology" ]	5,825	[ "Origin of life", "Cosmic dust", "Outer space", "Speculative evolution", "Galactic astronomy", "Astrobiology", "Astrochemistry", "Planetary science", "nan", "Biological hypotheses", "Extragalactic astronomy", "Astronomical objects", "Astronomical sub-disciplines" ]
2,178,587	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rake%20%28theatre%29	A rake or raked stage is a theatre stage that slopes upwards, away from the audience. Such a design was typical of English theatre in the Middle Ages and early Modern era, and improves the view and sound for spectators. It also helps with the illusion of perspective. When features of the scenery are made to align with ...	Rake (theatre)	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	590	[ "Scenic design", "Parts of a theatre", "Design", "Components" ]
2,178,720	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koopmans%27%20theorem	Koopmans' theorem states that in closed-shell Hartree–Fock theory (HF), the first ionization energy of a molecular system is equal to the negative of the orbital energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO). This theorem is named after Tjalling Koopmans, who published this result in 1934. Koopmans' theorem ...	Koopmans' theorem	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	2,063	[ "Quantum chemistry", "Quantum mechanics", "Theoretical chemistry", "Computational chemistry", " molecular", "nan", "Atomic", " and optical physics" ]
2,178,786	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laumontite	Laumontite is a mineral, one of the zeolite group. Its molecular formula is , a hydrated calcium-aluminium silicate. Potassium or sodium may substitute for the calcium but only in very small amounts. It is monoclinic, space group C2/m. It forms prismatic crystals with a diamond-shaped cross-section and an angled term...	Laumontite	[ "Chemistry" ]	567	[ "Luminescence", "Luminescent minerals" ]
2,178,874	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leadhillite	Leadhillite is a lead sulfate carbonate hydroxide mineral, often associated with anglesite. It has the formula Pb4SO4(CO3)2(OH)2. Leadhillite crystallises in the monoclinic system, but develops pseudo-hexagonal forms due to crystal twinning. It forms transparent to translucent variably coloured crystals with an adamant...	Leadhillite	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,210	[ "Luminescence", "Luminescent minerals" ]
2,178,880	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabatic%20representation	The diabatic representation as a mathematical tool for theoretical calculations of atomic collisions and of molecular interactions. One of the guiding principles in modern chemical dynamics and spectroscopy is that the motion of the nuclei in a molecule is slow compared to that of its electrons. This is justified by ...	Diabatic representation	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	2,110	[ "Quantum chemistry", "Quantum mechanics", "Theoretical chemistry", " molecular", "Atomic", " and optical physics" ]
2,178,942	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conical%20intersection	In quantum chemistry, a conical intersection of two or more potential energy surfaces is the set of molecular geometry points where the potential energy surfaces are degenerate (intersect) and the non-adiabatic couplings between these states are non-vanishing. In the vicinity of conical intersections, the Born–Oppenhei...	Conical intersection	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	1,653	[ "Quantum chemistry", "Quantum mechanics", "Theoretical chemistry", " molecular", "Atomic", " and optical physics" ]
2,179,127	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treasury%20tag	A treasury tag, India tag, or string tag is an item of stationery used to fasten sheets of paper together or to a folder. It consists of a short length of string, with metal or plastic cross-pieces at each end that are orthogonal to the string. They are threaded through holes in paper or card made with a hole punch or ...	Treasury tag	[ "Engineering" ]	235	[ "Construction", "Fasteners" ]
2,179,144	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass%20with%20embedded%20metal%20and%20sulfides	Glass with embedded metal and sulfides (GEMS) are tiny spheroids in cosmic dust particles with bulk compositions that are approximately chondritic. They form the building blocks of anhydrous interplanetary dust particles (IDPs) in general, and cometary IDPs, in particular. Their compositions, mineralogy and petrography...	Glass with embedded metal and sulfides	[ "Chemistry", "Astronomy" ]	167	[ "Glass chemistry", "Outer space", "Glass compositions", "Astronomy stubs", "Planetary science stubs", "Planetary science", "Solar System", "Astronomical sub-disciplines" ]
2,179,433	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supersecondary%20structure	A supersecondary structure is a compact three-dimensional protein structure of several adjacent elements of a secondary structure that is smaller than a protein domain or a subunit. Supersecondary structures can act as nucleations in the process of protein folding. Examples Helix supersecondary structures Helix hair...	Supersecondary structure	[ "Biology" ]	967	[ "Protein structural motifs", "Protein classification" ]
2,179,440	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blended%20wing%20body	A blended wing body (BWB), also known as blended body, hybrid wing body (HWB) or a lifting aerofoil fuselage, is a fixed-wing aircraft having no clear dividing line between the wings and the main body of the craft. The aircraft has distinct wing and body structures, which are smoothly blended together with no clear div...	Blended wing body	[ "Engineering" ]	2,069	[ "Aircraft configurations", "Aerospace engineering" ]
2,179,555	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airport%20problem	In mathematics and especially game theory, the airport problem is a type of fair division problem in which it is decided how to distribute the cost of an airport runway among different players who need runways of different lengths. The problem was introduced by S. C. Littlechild and G. Owen in 1973. Their proposed sol...	Airport problem	[ "Mathematics" ]	727	[ "Recreational mathematics", "Fair division", "Game theory", "Cooperative games" ]
2,179,639	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obstruction%20theory	In mathematics, obstruction theory is a name given to two different mathematical theories, both of which yield cohomological invariants. In the original work of Stiefel and Whitney, characteristic classes were defined as obstructions to the existence of certain fields of linear independent vectors. Obstruction theory ...	Obstruction theory	[ "Mathematics" ]	1,281	[ "Topology", "Differential topology" ]
2,179,652	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster%20impact%20fusion	Cluster Impact Fusion is a suggested method of producing practical fusion power using small clusters of heavy water molecules directly accelerated into a titanium-deuteride target. Calculations suggested that such a system enhanced the cross section by many orders of magnitude. It is a particular implementation of the ...	Cluster impact fusion	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	273	[ "Nuclear fusion", "Nuclear technology", "Cold fusion", "Nuclear physics" ]
2,179,719	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortress%20Europe	Fortress Europe () was a military propaganda term used by both sides of World War II which referred to the areas of Continental Europe occupied by Nazi Germany, as opposed to the United Kingdom across the Channel. World War II defences In British phraseology, Fortress Europe meant the battle honour accorded to Royal ...	Fortress Europe	[ "Engineering" ]	607	[ "World War II defensive lines", "Fortification lines", "Historic defensive lines" ]
2,180,015	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phases%20of%20Venus	The phases of Venus are the variations of lighting seen on the planet's surface, similar to lunar phases. The first recorded observations of them are thought to have been telescopic observations by Galileo Galilei in 1610. Although the extreme crescent phase of Venus has since been observed with the naked eye, there ar...	Phases of Venus	[ "Astronomy" ]	1,216	[ "Observational astronomy", "Astronomical sub-disciplines" ]
2,180,085	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otic%20ganglion	The otic ganglion is a small parasympathetic ganglion located immediately below the foramen ovale in the infratemporal fossa and on the medial surface of the mandibular nerve. It is functionally associated with the glossopharyngeal nerve and innervates the parotid gland for salivation. It is one of four parasympathet...	Otic ganglion	[ "Biology" ]	671	[ "Organ systems", "Nervous system" ]
2,180,123	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bargain%20bin	A bargain bin refers to an assorted selection of merchandise, particularly clothing, tools and optical discs, which have been discounted in price. Reasons for the discount can range from the closure of a production company to a steep decline in an item's popularity in the aftermath of a fad or scandal. Another reason f...	Bargain bin	[ "Technology" ]	388	[ "Components", "Retail store elements" ]
2,180,259	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World%20Wide%20Port%20Name	In computing, a World Wide Port Name, WWPN, or WWpN, is a World Wide Name assigned to a port in a Fibre Channel fabric. Used on storage area networks, it performs a function equivalent to the MAC address in Ethernet protocol, as it is supposed to be a unique identifier in the network. A WWPN is a World Wide Port Name...	World Wide Port Name	[ "Technology" ]	211	[ "Computing stubs", "Computer network stubs" ]
2,180,274	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaining	Chaining is a type of intervention that aims to create associations between behaviors in a behavior chain. A behavior chain is a sequence of behaviors that happen in a particular order where the outcome of the previous step in the chain serves as a signal to begin the next step in the chain. In terms of behavior analys...	Chaining	[ "Biology" ]	924	[ "Behavior", "Behavioral concepts", "Behaviorism" ]
2,180,364	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finding%20%28jewelcrafting%29	Jewellery findings are the parts used to join jewellery components together to form a completed article. List of findings Clasps to complete necklaces and bracelets Earwires to link an earring to the wearer's ear Ring blanks for making finger rings Bails, metal loops, and jump rings, for completing jewellery. Jump...	Finding (jewelcrafting)	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	149	[ "Design stubs", "Design", "Jewellery components", "Components" ]
2,180,385	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oechsle%20scale	The Oechsle scale is a hydrometer scale measuring the density of grape must, which is an indication of grape ripeness and sugar content used in wine-making. It is named for Ferdinand Oechsle (1774–1852) and it is widely used in the German, Swiss and Luxembourgish wine-making industries. On the Oechsle scale, one degree...	Oechsle scale	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	791	[ "Physical quantities", "Units of density", "Quantity", "Density", "Units of measurement" ]
9,322,698	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agaricus%20subrutilescens	Agaricus subrutilescens, also known as the wine-colored agaricus, is a mushroom of the genus Agaricus. It was first described scientifically in 1925 as Psalliota subrutilescens, and later transferred to Agaricus in 1938. Description Agaricus subrutilescens has a cap that is across, dry, and has many wine to brown col...	Agaricus subrutilescens	[ "Biology" ]	294	[ "Fungi", "Fungus species" ]
9,322,713	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indicators%20of%20spatial%20association	Indicators of spatial association are statistics that evaluate the existence of clusters in the spatial arrangement of a given variable. For instance, if we are studying cancer rates among census tracts in a given city local clusters in the rates mean that there are areas that have higher or lower rates than is to be e...	Indicators of spatial association	[ "Physics" ]	355	[ "Spacetime", "Space", "Spatial analysis" ]
9,324,744	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domus%20Academy	Domus Academy is a private school of design in Milan, Italy. It offers undergraduate and postgraduate degree courses in fashion, industrial design, design management, business and user experience design, product and interior design, design innovation, fashion and luxury brand management. Domus Academy was founded in 1...	Domus Academy	[ "Engineering" ]	389	[ "Design", "Communication design" ]
9,324,893	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphenal	Alphenal, also known as 5-allyl-5-phenylbarbituric acid, is a barbiturate derivative developed in the 1920s. It has primarily anticonvulsant properties and was used occasionally for the treatment of epilepsy or convulsions, although not as commonly as better known barbiturates such as phenobarbital. LD50: Mouse (Oral)...	Alphenal	[ "Biology" ]	109	[ "Hypnotics", "Behavior", "Sleep" ]
9,326,241	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wanzlick%20equilibrium	The Wanzlick equilibrium is a chemical equilibrium between a relatively stable carbene compound and its dimer. The equilibrium was proposed to apply to certain electron-rich alkenes, such as tetraminoethylenes, which have been called "carbene dimers." Such equilibria occur, but the mechanism does not proceed simply, bu...	Wanzlick equilibrium	[ "Chemistry" ]	742	[ "Organic compounds", "Carbenes", "Inorganic compounds" ]
9,326,244	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantar	A kantar is the official Egyptian weight unit for measuring cotton. It corresponds to the US hundredweight, and is roughly equal to 99.05 pounds, or 45.02 kilograms. It is equal to either 157 kilograms of seed cotton or 50 kilograms of lint cotton. References Units of mass	Kantar	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	61	[ "Matter", "Quantity", "Units of mass", "Mass", "Units of measurement" ]
9,326,517	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20bombings%20during%20the%20Iraq%20War	Bombings were a regular occurrence during the Iraq War. They resulted in tens of thousands of casualties throughout the country, killing and wounding civilians and combatants alike. Many Iraqi insurgents favoured the tactic of suicide bombing, which was used at a particularly unprecedented scale against the American-le...	List of bombings during the Iraq War	[ "Chemistry" ]	761	[ "Lists of explosions", "Explosions" ]
9,328,198	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opus%20spicatum	Opus spicatum, literally "spiked work," is a type of masonry construction used in Roman and medieval times. It consists of bricks, tiles or cut stone laid in a herringbone pattern. Uses Its usage was generally decorative and most commonly it served as a pavement, though it was also used as an infill pattern in walls, ...	Opus spicatum	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	399	[ "Building engineering", "Architectural elements", "Components", "Architecture" ]
9,328,373	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drop%20out%20ink	Drop out ink is ink specifically colored to avoid reading in high-speed OCR scanners. It is often a pastel yellow, red or orange. The purpose for dropping out specific colors is to allow the OCR scanner to ignore those colors and operate only on the foreground information. Drop out ink is often used in the finance in...	Drop out ink	[ "Technology" ]	97	[ "Computing stubs" ]
9,328,562	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boltzmann%27s%20entropy%20formula	In statistical mechanics, Boltzmann's equation (also known as the Boltzmann–Planck equation) is a probability equation relating the entropy , also written as , of an ideal gas to the multiplicity (commonly denoted as or ), the number of real microstates corresponding to the gas's macrostate: where is the Boltzmann c...	Boltzmann's entropy formula	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	1,807	[ "Thermodynamic equations", "Equations of physics", "Physical quantities", "Eponymous equations of physics", "Thermodynamic entropy", "Entropy", "Thermodynamics", "Statistical mechanics" ]
9,328,589	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryogenic%20grinding	Cryogenic grinding, also known as freezer milling, freezer grinding, and cryomilling, is the act of cooling or chilling a material and then reducing it into a small particle size. For example, thermoplastics are difficult to grind to small particle sizes at ambient temperatures because they soften, adhere in lumpy mass...	Cryogenic grinding	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	632	[ "Microbiology techniques", "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Cryogenics" ]
9,328,646	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grab%20bar	Grab bars are safety devices designed to enable a person to maintain balance, lessen fatigue while standing, hold some of their weight while maneuvering, or have something to grab onto in case of a slip or fall. A caregiver may use a grab bar to assist with transferring a patient from one place to another. A worker may...	Grab bar	[ "Engineering" ]	1,393	[ "Accessible building", "Architecture" ]
9,328,883	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data%20format%20management	Data format management (DFM) is the application of a systematic approach to the selection and use of the data formats used to encode information for storage on a computer. In practical terms, data format management is the analysis of data formats and their associated technical, legal or economic attributes which can ...	Data format management	[ "Technology" ]	347	[ "Computer data", "Data" ]
9,329,258	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminomethanol	Aminomethanol or methanolamine is the amino alcohol with the chemical formula of H2NCH2OH. With an amino group and an alcohol group on the same carbon atom, the compound is also an hemiaminal. In aqueous solution, methanolamine exists in equilibrium with formaldehyde and ammonia. It is an intermediate en route to he...	Aminomethanol	[ "Chemistry" ]	103	[ "Amines", "Bases (chemistry)", "Functional groups", "Organic chemistry stubs" ]
9,329,395	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBS%20Laboratories	CBS Laboratories or CBS Labs (later known as the CBS Technology Center or CTC) was the technology research and development organization of the CBS television network. Innovations developed at the labs included many groundbreaking broadcast, industrial, military, and consumer technologies. History and significant techn...	CBS Laboratories	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	2,790	[ "Information and communications technology", "Telecommunications engineering", "Television technology", "Radio technology" ]
9,330,399	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensate%20polisher	A condensate polisher is a device used to filter water condensed from steam as part of the steam cycle, for example in a conventional or nuclear power plant (powdered resin or deep bed system). It is frequently filled with tiny polymer resin beads which are used to remove or exchange ions so that the purity of the cond...	Condensate polisher	[ "Chemistry" ]	436	[ "Water treatment", "Industrial water treatment" ]
9,330,792	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentabromodiphenyl%20ether	Pentabromodiphenyl ether (also known as pentabromodiphenyl oxide) is a brominated flame retardant which belongs to the group of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Because of their toxicity and persistence, their industrial production is to be eliminated under the Stockholm Convention, a treaty to control and phase...	Pentabromodiphenyl ether	[ "Chemistry" ]	979	[ "Persistent organic pollutants under the Stockholm Convention" ]
9,330,860	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accepted%20and%20experimental%20value	In science, and most specifically chemistry, the accepted value denotes a value of a substance accepted by almost all scientists and the experimental value denotes the value of a substance's properties found in a localized lab. See also Accuracy and precision Error Approximation error References Analytical chemistr...	Accepted and experimental value	[ "Chemistry" ]	54	[ "Physical chemistry stubs", "nan" ]
9,331,066	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Induction%20generator	An induction generator or asynchronous generator is a type of alternating current (AC) electrical generator that uses the principles of induction motors to produce electric power. Induction generators operate by mechanically turning their rotors faster than synchronous speed. A regular AC induction motor usually can be...	Induction generator	[ "Physics", "Technology" ]	1,911	[ "Physical systems", "Electrical generators", "Machines" ]
9,331,271	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular%20Systems%20Biology	Molecular Systems Biology is a peer-reviewed open-access scientific journal covering systems biology at the molecular level (examples include: genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, microbial systems, the integration of cell signaling and regulatory networks), synthetic biology, and systems medicine. It was established in...	Molecular Systems Biology	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	119	[ "Systems biology", "Molecular and cellular biology journals", "Molecular biology" ]
9,331,665	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visibility%20%28geometry%29	In geometry, visibility is a mathematical abstraction of the real-life notion of visibility. Given a set of obstacles in the Euclidean space, two points in the space are said to be visible to each other, if the line segment that joins them does not intersect any obstacles. (In the Earth's atmosphere light follows a sl...	Visibility (geometry)	[ "Mathematics" ]	217	[ "Geometry", "Geometry stubs" ]
9,332,179	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A/B%20testing	A/B testing (also known as bucket testing, split-run testing, or split testing) is a user experience research method. A/B tests consist of a randomized experiment that usually involves two variants (A and B), although the concept can be also extended to multiple variants of the same variable. It includes application of...	A/B testing	[ "Engineering" ]	2,670	[ "Software engineering", "Software testing" ]
9,332,320	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intrusion%20detection%20system%20evasion%20techniques	Intrusion detection system evasion techniques are modifications made to attacks in order to prevent detection by an intrusion detection system (IDS). Almost all published evasion techniques modify network attacks. The 1998 paper Insertion, Evasion, and Denial of Service: Eluding Network Intrusion Detection popularized ...	Intrusion detection system evasion techniques	[ "Technology" ]	1,978	[ "Computer security exploits" ]
9,332,507	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leibniz%E2%80%93Clarke%20correspondence	The Leibniz–Clarke correspondence was a scientific, theological and philosophical debate conducted in an exchange of letters between the German thinker Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz and Samuel Clarke, an English supporter of Isaac Newton during the years 1715 and 1716. The exchange began because of a letter Leibniz wrote ...	Leibniz–Clarke correspondence	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	539	[ "Spacetime", "Space", "Geometry" ]
9,332,907	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OGNL	Object-Graph Navigation Language (OGNL) is an open-source Expression Language (EL) for Java, which, while using simpler expressions than the full range of those supported by the Java language, allows getting and setting properties (through defined setProperty and getProperty methods, found in JavaBeans), and execution ...	OGNL	[ "Technology" ]	564	[ "Computing platforms", "Java platform" ]
9,333,381	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fryingpan%E2%80%93Arkansas%20Project	The Fryingpan–Arkansas Project, or "Fry-Ark," is a water diversion, storage and delivery project serving southeastern Colorado. The multi-purpose project was authorized in 1962 by President Kennedy to serve municipal, industrial, and hydroelectric power generation, and to enhance recreation, fish and wildlife interests...	Fryingpan–Arkansas Project	[ "Environmental_science" ]	856	[ "Hydrology", "Interbasin transfer" ]
9,333,545	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stomp%20rocket	A stomp rocket is a flying toy rocket that is powered by the release of compressed air. The rocket has a hollow body that fits over a launch tube. The launch tube is a hollow, rigid pipe, with an opening into the rocket body, and a connection to a pipe that is connected to an air bladder. Typical bladders are an air p...	Stomp rocket	[ "Astronomy" ]	594	[ "Rocketry stubs", "Astronomy stubs" ]
9,333,574	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individually%20ventilated%20cage	An individually ventilated cage (IVC) is used to keep an animal separated from other animals and possible exposures, including exposure by air. Use In laboratory animal husbandry, there is a huge demand for animals that have been kept in disease free conditions and housed in barrier units such as individually ventilat...	Individually ventilated cage	[ "Chemistry" ]	540	[ "Animal testing" ]
9,333,674	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonmeister	Tonmeister is a job description in the music and recording industries that describes a so-called "sound master" (a literal translation of the German Tonmeister): a person who creates recordings or broadcasts of music who is also both musically trained (in classical and non-classical genres) and has theoretical and prac...	Tonmeister	[ "Engineering" ]	251	[ "Electrical engineering", "Audio engineering" ]
9,334,079	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fauces%20%28throat%29	The fauces, isthmus of fauces, or the oropharyngeal isthmus is the opening at the back of the mouth into the throat. It is a narrow passage between the velum and the base of the tongue. The fauces is a part of the oropharynx directly behind the oral cavity as a subdivision, bounded superiorly by the soft palate, later...	Fauces (throat)	[ "Biology" ]	411	[ "Digestive system", "Organ systems" ]
9,334,285	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interferon%20gamma%20release%20assay	Interferon-γ release assays (IGRA) are medical tests used in the diagnosis of some infectious diseases, especially tuberculosis. Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) release assays rely on the fact that T-lymphocytes will release IFN-γ when exposed to specific antigens. These tests are mostly developed for the field of tuberculosis ...	Interferon gamma release assay	[ "Biology" ]	631	[ "Immunologic tests" ]
9,334,591	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koinophilia	Koinophilia is an evolutionary hypothesis proposing that during sexual selection, animals preferentially seek mates with a minimum of unusual or mutant features, including functionality, appearance and behavior. Koinophilia intends to explain the clustering of sexual organisms into species and other issues described by...	Koinophilia	[ "Biology" ]	3,436	[ "Evolutionary biology", "Reproduction in animals", "Behavior", "Evolutionary processes", "Selection", "Speciation", "Reproduction", "Sexual selection", "Mating" ]
9,334,710	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nearby%20Stars%20Database	The Nearby Stars Database (NStars) began as a NASA project in 1998, then was based at Northern Arizona University. It is now defunct. The stated mission of NStars was "to be a complete and accurate source of scientific data about all stellar systems within 25 parsecs." The website (see below) included search tools a...	Nearby Stars Database	[ "Astronomy" ]	196	[ "Stellar astronomy stubs", "Astronomy stubs" ]
9,334,855	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear%20matter	Nuclear matter is an idealized system of interacting nucleons (protons and neutrons) that exists in several phases of exotic matter that, as of yet, are not fully established. It is not matter in an atomic nucleus, but a hypothetical substance consisting of a huge number of protons and neutrons held together by only nu...	Nuclear matter	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	396	[ "Phases of matter", "Matter", "Nuclear physics" ]
9,335,064	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ledinegg%20instability	In fluid dynamics, the Ledinegg instability occurs in two-phase flow, especially in a boiler tube, when the boiling boundary is within the tube. For a given mass flux J through the tube, the pressure drop per unit length (which typically varies as the square of the mass flux and inversely as the density, i.e., as ) is...	Ledinegg instability	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	255	[ "Piping", "Chemical engineering", "Fluid dynamics stubs", "Fluid dynamics" ]
9,335,254	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyclonal%20B%20cell%20response	Polyclonal B cell response is a natural mode of immune response exhibited by the adaptive immune system of mammals. It ensures that a single antigen is recognized and attacked through its overlapping parts, called epitopes, by multiple clones of B cell. In the course of normal immune response, parts of pathogens (e.g....	Polyclonal B cell response	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	5,194	[ "Cell biology", "Immune system", "Organ systems", "Immunology", "Molecular biology", "Biochemistry" ]
9,335,466	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual%20packet	A virtual packet is a tool used to overcome the problem of trying to send data between two heterogeneous networks. If a router connecting networks A and B receives a frame constructed from network A, using protocol PA as its data exchange protocol, it won't mean ANYTHING for addressing use on network B, which we will ...	Virtual packet	[ "Technology" ]	168	[ "Computing stubs", "Computer network stubs" ]
9,335,594	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisolithus%20arhizus	Pisolithus arhizus, commonly known as the dead man's foot, dyeball, pardebal, or Bohemian truffle, is a widespread earth-ball like fungus, which may in fact be several closely related species. This puffball's black viscous gel is used as a natural dye for clothes. Pisolithus arhizus is a major component in mycorrhizal ...	Pisolithus arhizus	[ "Biology" ]	220	[ "Fungi", "Fungus species" ]
11,812,032	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20R.%20Arnold	Richard Robert "Ricky" Arnold II (born November 26, 1963, in Cheverly, Maryland) is an American educator and a NASA astronaut. He flew on Space Shuttle mission STS-119, which launched March 15, 2009, and delivered the final set of solar arrays to the International Space Station. He launched again in 2018 to the ISS, o...	Richard R. Arnold	[ "Astronomy" ]	1,240	[ "Educator astronauts", "Astronomy education" ]
11,813,773	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gliese%20832	Gliese 832 (Gl 832 or GJ 832) is a red dwarf of spectral type M2V in the southern constellation Grus. The apparent visual magnitude of 8.66 means that it is too faint to be seen with the naked eye. It is located relatively close to the Sun, at a distance of 16.2 light years and has a high proper motion of 818.16 millia...	Gliese 832	[ "Astronomy" ]	693	[ "Astronomical X-ray sources", "Grus (constellation)", "Astronomical objects", "Constellations" ]
11,813,890	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supersymmetry%20algebras%20in%201%20%2B%201%20dimensions	A two dimensional Minkowski space, i.e. a flat space with one time and one spatial dimension, has a two-dimensional Poincaré group IO(1,1) as its symmetry group. The respective Lie algebra is called the Poincaré algebra. It is possible to extend this algebra to a supersymmetry algebra, which is a -graded Lie superalgeb...	Supersymmetry algebras in 1 + 1 dimensions	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	581	[ "Applied mathematics", "Theoretical physics", "Unsolved problems in physics", "Physics beyond the Standard Model", "Mathematical physics", "Supersymmetry", "Symmetry" ]
11,814,285	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefan%27s%20formula	In thermodynamics, Stefan's formula says that the specific surface energy at a given interface is determined by the respective enthalpy difference . where σ is the specific surface energy, NA is the Avogadro constant, is a steric dimensionless coefficient, and Vm is the molar volume. References Thermodynamic equat...	Stefan's formula	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	79	[ "Chemical thermodynamics", "Thermodynamic equations", "Equations of physics", "Thermodynamics" ]
11,814,346	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive%20paint	Automotive paint is paint used on automobiles for both protective and decorative purposes. Water-based acrylic polyurethane enamel paint is currently the most widely used paint for reasons including reducing paint's environmental impact. Modern automobile paint is applied in several layers, with a total thickness of a...	Automotive paint	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,928	[ "Paints", "Coatings" ]
11,814,370	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center%20%28category%20theory%29	In category theory, a branch of mathematics, the center (or Drinfeld center, after Soviet-American mathematician Vladimir Drinfeld) is a variant of the notion of the center of a monoid, group, or ring to a category. Definition The center of a monoidal category , denoted , is the category whose objects are pairs (A,u)...	Center (category theory)	[ "Mathematics" ]	849	[ "Functions and mappings", "Mathematical structures", "Monoidal categories", "Mathematical objects", "Fields of abstract algebra", "Category theory", "Mathematical relations" ]
11,815,157	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle-size%20distribution	In granulometry, the particle-size distribution (PSD) of a powder, or granular material, or particles dispersed in fluid, is a list of values or a mathematical function that defines the relative amount, typically by mass, of particles present according to size. Significant energy is usually required to disintegrate soi...	Particle-size distribution	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	3,633	[ "Colloidal chemistry", "Chemical engineering", "Surface science", "Colloids", "Aerosols", "Chemical mixtures", "nan", "Environmental engineering", "Particle technology" ]
11,815,346	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remote%20diagnostics	Remote diagnostics is the act of diagnosing a given symptom, issue or problem from a distance. Instead of the subject being co-located with the person or system done diagnostics, with remote diagnostics the subjects can be separated by physical distance (e.g., Earth-Moon). Important information is exchanged either thro...	Remote diagnostics	[ "Technology" ]	401	[ "nan" ]
11,815,360	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSD%20microscopy	Ground state depletion microscopy (GSD microscopy) is an implementation of the RESOLFT concept. The method was proposed in 1995 and experimentally demonstrated in 2007. It is the second concept to overcome the diffraction barrier in far-field optical microscopy published by Stefan Hell. Using nitrogen-vacancy centers i...	GSD microscopy	[ "Chemistry" ]	381	[ "Microscopy" ]
11,815,462	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slicing%20%28interface%20design%29	In fields employing interface design skills, slicing is the process of dividing a single 2D user interface composition layout (comp) into multiple image files (digital assets) of the graphical user interface (GUI) for one or more electronic pages. It is typically part of the client side development process of creating ...	Slicing (interface design)	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	865	[ "User interfaces", "Interfaces", "Web design", "Design" ]
11,816,319	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siegel%27s%20lemma	In mathematics, specifically in transcendental number theory and Diophantine approximation, Siegel's lemma refers to bounds on the solutions of linear equations obtained by the construction of auxiliary functions. The existence of these polynomials was proven by Axel Thue; Thue's proof used Dirichlet's box principle. C...	Siegel's lemma	[ "Mathematics" ]	337	[ "Mathematical theorems", "Diophantine approximation", "Mathematical relations", "Mathematical problems", "Lemmas", "Approximations", "Number theory" ]
11,816,342	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cercospora%20solani-tuberosi	Cercospora solani-tuberosi is a fungal plant pathogen. References solani-tuberosi Fungal plant pathogens and diseases Fungus species	Cercospora solani-tuberosi	[ "Biology" ]	33	[ "Fungi", "Fungus species" ]
11,816,368	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puccinia%20pittieriana	Puccinia pittieriana is a species of rust fungus. It is a plant pathogen which infects agricultural crops such as potato and tomato. Its common names include common potato rust and common potato and tomato rust. This fungus was first made known to science in 1904 when it was collected from potatoes (Solanum tuberosum)...	Puccinia pittieriana	[ "Biology" ]	320	[ "Fungi", "Fungus species" ]
11,816,425	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusarium%20crookwellense	Fusarium crookwellense (syn. Fusarium cerealis) is a species of fungus in the family Nectriaceae. It is known as a plant pathogen that infects agricultural crops. The fungus was first described in 1982 after it was found infecting potatoes in Australia. It causes plant diseases such as corn ear rot and wheat head blig...	Fusarium crookwellense	[ "Biology" ]	175	[ "Fungi", "Fungus species" ]
11,816,456	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium%20inosinate	Calcium inosinate is a calcium salt of the nucleoside inosine. Under the E number E633, it is a food additive used as a flavor enhancer. Calcium compounds Flavor enhancers Food additives Nucleotides Purines E-number additives	Calcium inosinate	[ "Chemistry" ]	60	[ "Organic compounds", "Organic compound stubs", "Organic chemistry stubs" ]
11,816,566	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septoria%20malagutii	Septoria malagutii is a fungal plant pathogen infecting potatoes. The casual fungal pathogen is a deuteromycete and therefore has no true sexual stage. As a result, Septoria produces pycnidia, an asexual flask shaped fruiting body, on the leaves of potato and other tuber-bearing spp. causing small black to brown necrot...	Septoria malagutii	[ "Biology" ]	1,275	[ "Fungi", "Fungus species" ]
11,816,591	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helminthosporium%20solani	Helminthosporium solani is a fungal plant pathogen responsible for the plant disease known as silver scurf. Silver scurf is a blemish disease, meaning the effect it has on tubers is mostly cosmetic and affects "fresh market, processing and seed tuber potatoes." There are some reports of it affecting development, meanin...	Helminthosporium solani	[ "Biology" ]	2,727	[ "Fungi", "Fungus species" ]
11,816,617	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyscytalum%20pustulans	Polyscytalum pustulans is an ascomycete fungus that is a plant pathogen causing skin spot of potatoes. References External links Index Fungorum USDA ARS Fungal Database Fungal plant pathogens and diseases Potato diseases Enigmatic Ascomycota taxa Fungus species	Polyscytalum pustulans	[ "Biology" ]	59	[ "Fungi", "Fungus species" ]
11,816,650	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulocladium%20atrum	Ulocladium atrum is a fungal saprophyte. U. atrum is used to control Botrytis cinerea, a fungal pathogen (gray mold) of grapes and other fruit. The species has also been found as a cause of keratitis, inflammation of the cornea. References External links Index Fungorum USDA ARS Fungal Database Fungal pest contr...	Ulocladium atrum	[ "Biology" ]	87	[ "Fungi", "Fungus species", "Fungal pest control agents" ]
11,816,713	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascochyta%20fabae	Ascochyta fabae is a plant pathogen. See also List of Ascochyta species References External links USDA ARS Fungal Database Fungal plant pathogens and diseases Pleosporales Fungi described in 1885 Fungus species	Ascochyta fabae	[ "Biology" ]	48	[ "Fungi", "Fungus species" ]
11,816,826	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apiospora%20montagnei	Apiospora montagnei is a plant pathogen that causes kernel blight on barley but is more often seen a saprophyte or secondary invader of many other plant species. References External links Index Fungorum USDA ARS Fungal Database Fungal plant pathogens and diseases Barley diseases Enigmatic Sordariomycetes taxa Fun...	Apiospora montagnei	[ "Biology" ]	75	[ "Fungi", "Fungus species" ]
11,816,852	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascochyta%20hordei	Ascochyta hordei is a plant pathogen that causes Ascochyta leaf spot on barley and wheat. ALS of barley can also be caused by other Ascochyta including A. graminea, A. sorghi, and A. tritici. It is considered a minor disease. Distribution Russia, the Ukraine, southern Byelorussia, North Ossetia, Albania, Japan, Mid C...	Ascochyta hordei	[ "Biology" ]	118	[ "Fungi", "Fungus species" ]
11,816,879	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascochyta%20graminea	Ascochyta graminea is a plant pathogen that causes Ascochyta leaf spot on barley which can also be caused by the related fungi Ascochyta hordei, Ascochyta sorghi and Ascochyta tritici. It is considered a minor disease of barley. See also List of Ascochyta species References Fungal plant pathogens and diseases Barley...	Ascochyta graminea	[ "Biology" ]	91	[ "Fungi", "Fungus species" ]
11,816,893	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project%20Vamp	Project Vamp was a U.S. Navy project for the U.S. Hydrographic Office, which consisted of a special coastal survey along the Virginia and Massachusetts shores during 1954 and 1955. Oceanography	Project Vamp	[ "Physics", "Environmental_science" ]	42	[ "Oceanography", "Hydrology", "Applied and interdisciplinary physics" ]
11,816,901	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drechslera%20andersenii	Drechslera andersenii is a fungus that is a plant pathogen. It was originally found on the leaves of Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass) in Great Britain. It was also found on Italian ryegrass. It was found in China in 2018. References External links USDA ARS Fungal Database Fungal plant pathogens and diseases Ple...	Drechslera andersenii	[ "Biology" ]	80	[ "Fungi", "Fungus species" ]
11,816,962	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septoria%20passerinii	Septoria passerinii is a fungal plant pathogen that infects barley causing Septoria speckled leaf blotch. References Fungal plant pathogens and diseases Barley diseases passerinii Fungus species	Septoria passerinii	[ "Biology" ]	41	[ "Fungi", "Fungus species" ]
11,817,026	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colletotrichum%20musae	Colletotrichum musae is a plant pathogen primarily affecting the genus Musa, which includes bananas and plantains. It is best known as a cause of anthracnose (the black and brown spots) indicating ripeness on bananas. Symptoms Symptoms appear as dark brown/black lesions on green fruit. On yellow fruit these lesions i...	Colletotrichum musae	[ "Biology" ]	197	[ "Fungi", "Fungus species" ]
11,817,041	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phyllachora%20musicola	Phyllachora musicola is a plant pathogen infecting bananas. References External links Index Fungorum USDA ARS Fungal Database Fungal plant pathogens and diseases Banana diseases Phyllachorales Fungus species	Phyllachora musicola	[ "Biology" ]	46	[ "Fungi", "Fungus species" ]
11,817,057	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pestalotiopsis%20leprogena	Pestalotiopsis leprogena is a fungal plant pathogen infecting bananas. References Fungal plant pathogens and diseases Banana diseases leprogena Fungus species	Pestalotiopsis leprogena	[ "Biology" ]	35	[ "Fungi", "Fungus species" ]
11,817,082	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cercospora%20hayi	Cercospora hayi is a fungal plant pathogen. It can cause the brown spot disease in bananas. References hayi Fungal plant pathogens and diseases Fungus species	Cercospora hayi	[ "Biology" ]	35	[ "Fungi", "Fungus species" ]
11,817,097	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musicillium%20theobromae	Verticillium theobromae is a plant pathogen infecting banana and plantain. See also List of banana and plantain diseases References External links Index Fungorum USDA ARS Fungal Database Fungal plant pathogens and diseases Banana diseases Fungi described in 1920 Enigmatic Hypocreales taxa Fungus species	Musicillium theobromae	[ "Biology" ]	66	[ "Fungi", "Fungus species" ]
11,817,121	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cladosporium%20musae	Cladosporium musae is a fungal plant pathogen that causes Cladosporium speckle on banana and which occurs in most countries in which the fruit is cultivated. Unsuccessful attempts to transfer the Cladosporium pathogen in vitro to healthy banana plants seem to confirm reports that the infection remains latent in otherwi...	Cladosporium musae	[ "Biology" ]	84	[ "Fungi", "Fungus species" ]

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