id int64 39 79M | url stringlengths 31 227 | text stringlengths 6 334k | source stringlengths 1 150 ⌀ | categories listlengths 1 6 | token_count int64 3 71.8k | subcategories listlengths 0 30 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
328,000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advil | Advil is primarily a brand of ibuprofen (a pain reliever in the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug category). Advil has been called a "megabrand" because it offers various "products for a wide range of pain, head cold, and sleep problems."
History
The brand first entered the American market in 1984 through Whitehall ... | Advil | [
"Chemistry"
] | 518 | [
"Pharmacology",
"Drug brand names"
] |
328,029 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seagate%20Technology | Seagate Technology Holdings plc is an American data storage company. It was incorporated in 1978 as Shugart Technology and commenced business in 1979. Since 2010, the company has been incorporated in Dublin, Ireland, with operational headquarters in Fremont, California, United States.
Seagate developed the first 5.25-... | Seagate Technology | [
"Technology"
] | 5,775 | [
"Computer hardware companies",
"Computers"
] |
328,252 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pick%27s%20theorem | In geometry, Pick's theorem provides a formula for the area of a simple polygon with integer vertex coordinates, in terms of the number of integer points within it and on its boundary. The result was first described by Georg Alexander Pick in 1899. It was popularized in English by Hugo Steinhaus in the 1950 edition of ... | Pick's theorem | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,672 | [
"Scalar physical quantities",
"Planes (geometry)",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Lattice points",
"Euclidean plane geometry",
"Size",
"Number theory",
"Articles containing proofs",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities",
"Area"
] |
328,274 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palynology | Palynology is the study of microorganisms and microscopic fragments of mega-organisms that are composed of acid-resistant organic material and occur in sediments, sedimentary rocks, and even some metasedimentary rocks. Palynomorphs are the microscopic, acid-resistant organic remains and debris produced by a wide variet... | Palynology | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 3,268 | [
"Branches of botany",
"Microfossils",
"Microscopy"
] |
328,305 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trampoline%20%28computing%29 | In computer programming, the word trampoline has a number of meanings, and is generally associated with jump instructions (i.e. moving to different code paths).
Low-level programming
Trampolines (sometimes referred to as indirect jump vectors) are memory locations holding addresses pointing to interrupt service routin... | Trampoline (computing) | [
"Technology"
] | 990 | [
"Computing terminology"
] |
328,352 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anastomosis | An anastomosis (, : anastomoses) is a connection or opening between two things (especially cavities or passages) that are normally diverging or branching, such as between blood vessels, leaf veins, or streams. Such a connection may be normal (such as the foramen ovale in a fetus' heart) or abnormal (such as the patent ... | Anastomosis | [
"Biology"
] | 1,590 | [
"Digestive system",
"Organ systems",
"Evolutionary biology"
] |
328,564 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star%20party | A star party is a gathering of amateur astronomers for the purpose of observing objects and events in the sky. Local star parties may be one-night affairs, but larger events can last a week or longer and attract hundreds or even thousands of participants. Many astronomy clubs have monthly star parties during the warmer... | Star party | [
"Astronomy"
] | 546 | [
"Star parties",
"Astronomy events",
"History of astronomy",
"Astronomy organizations",
"Amateur astronomy organizations"
] |
328,602 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansari%20X%20Prize | The Ansari X Prize was a space competition in which the X Prize Foundation offered a US$10,000,000 prize for the first non-government organization to launch a reusable crewed spacecraft into space twice within two weeks. It was modeled after early 20th-century aviation prizes, and aimed to spur development of low-cost... | Ansari X Prize | [
"Technology"
] | 2,004 | [
"Science and technology awards",
"Space-related awards"
] |
328,684 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annihilator%20%28ring%20theory%29 | In mathematics, the annihilator of a subset of a module over a ring is the ideal formed by the elements of the ring that give always zero when multiplied by each element of .
Over an integral domain, a module that has a nonzero annihilator is a torsion module, and a finitely generated torsion module has a nonzero an... | Annihilator (ring theory) | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,632 | [
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Ring theory",
"Module theory"
] |
328,721 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tierra%20%28computer%20simulation%29 | Tierra is a computer simulation developed by ecologist Thomas S. Ray in the early 1990s in which computer programs compete for time (central processing unit (CPU) time) and space (access to main memory). In this context, the computer programs in Tierra are considered to be evolvable and can mutate, self-replicate and r... | Tierra (computer simulation) | [
"Biology"
] | 729 | [
"Digital organisms",
"Artificial life models",
"Biological models"
] |
328,763 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emblem | An emblem is an abstract or representational pictorial image that represents a concept, like a moral truth, or an allegory, or a person, like a monarch or saint.
Emblems vs. symbols
Although the words emblem and symbol are often used interchangeably, an emblem is a pattern that is used to represent an idea or an indi... | Emblem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,417 | [
"Symbols"
] |
328,784 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer%20scientist | A computer scientist is a scientist who specializes in the academic study of computer science.
Computer scientists typically work on the theoretical side of computation. Although computer scientists can also focus their work and research on specific areas (such as algorithm and data structure development and design, ... | Computer scientist | [
"Technology"
] | 513 | [
"Computer science",
"Computer occupations",
"Computer scientists"
] |
328,815 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theistic%20evolution | Theistic evolution (also known as theistic evolutionism or God-guided evolution), alternatively called evolutionary creationism, is a view that God acts and creates through laws of nature. Here, God is taken as the primary cause while natural causes are secondary, positing that the concept of God and religious beliefs ... | Theistic evolution | [
"Biology"
] | 6,354 | [
"Non-Darwinian evolution",
"Theistic evolutionists",
"Biology theories"
] |
328,838 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Town%20square | A town square (or public square, urban square, or simply square), also called a plaza or piazza, is an open public space commonly found in the heart of a traditional town, and which is used for community gatherings. A square in a city may be called a city square. Related concepts are the civic center, the market square... | Town square | [
"Engineering"
] | 2,541 | [
"Landscape architecture",
"Architecture"
] |
328,874 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean%20Demilitarized%20Zone | The Korean Demilitarized Zone () is a heavily militarized strip of land running across the Korean Peninsula near the 38th parallel north. The demilitarized zone (DMZ) is a border barrier that divides the peninsula roughly in half. It was established to serve as a buffer zone between the sovereign states of the Democrat... | Korean Demilitarized Zone | [
"Engineering"
] | 8,131 | [
"Separation barriers",
"Border barriers"
] |
328,916 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edge%20connector | An edge connector is the portion of a printed circuit board (PCB) consisting of traces leading to the edge of the board that are intended to plug into a matching socket. The edge connector is a money-saving device because it only requires a single discrete female connector (the male connector is formed out of the edge ... | Edge connector | [
"Engineering"
] | 491 | [
"Electrical engineering",
"Electronic engineering",
"Printed circuit board manufacturing"
] |
13,327,372 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep%E2%80%93wake%20activity%20inventory | The sleep–wake activity inventory (SWAI) is a subjective multidimensional questionnaire intended to measure sleepiness.
The instrument
The SWAI consists of 59 items that provide six subscale scores: excessive daytime sleepiness, nocturnal sleep, ability to relax, energy level, social desirability, and psychic distress... | Sleep–wake activity inventory | [
"Biology"
] | 387 | [
"Behavior",
"Sleep"
] |
13,327,961 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirucotide | Dirucotide (also known as MBP8298) was developed by two research scientists (Dr. Kenneth G. Warren, MD, FRCP(C) & Ingrid Catz, Senior Scientist) at the University of Alberta for the treatment of Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Dirucotide is a synthetic peptide that consists of 17 amino acids linked in a sequence identical to ... | Dirucotide | [
"Chemistry"
] | 649 | [
"Biomolecules by chemical classification",
"Peptides",
"Molecular biology"
] |
13,328,061 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Threitol | Threitol is the chiral four-carbon sugar alcohol with the molecular formula C4H10O4. It is primarily used as an intermediate in the chemical synthesis of other compounds. It exists in the enantiomorphic forms D-threitol and L-threitol, the reduced forms of D- and L-threose. It is the diastereomer of erythritol, which ... | Threitol | [
"Chemistry"
] | 181 | [
"Carbohydrates",
"Sugar alcohols",
"Organic compounds",
"Organic compound stubs",
"Organic chemistry stubs"
] |
13,328,208 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago%20school%20%28mathematical%20analysis%29 | The Chicago school of mathematical analysis is a school of thought in mathematics that emphasizes the applications of Fourier analysis to the study of partial differential equations. Mathematician Antoni Zygmund co-founded the school with his doctoral student Alberto Calderón at the University of Chicago in the 1950s. ... | Chicago school (mathematical analysis) | [
"Mathematics"
] | 198 | [
"Mathematical analysis",
"Mathematical analysis stubs"
] |
13,328,505 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustion%20light-gas%20gun | A combustion light-gas gun (CLGG) is a projectile weapon that utilizes the explosive force of low molecular-weight combustible gases, such as hydrogen mixed with oxygen, as propellant. When the gases are ignited, they burn, expand and propel the projectile out of the barrel with higher efficiency relative to solid prop... | Combustion light-gas gun | [
"Physics"
] | 498 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Ballistics"
] |
13,328,566 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulated%20shipping%20container | Insulated shipping containers are a type of packaging used to ship temperature sensitive products such as foods, pharmaceuticals, organs, blood, biologic materials, vaccines and chemicals. They are used as part of a cold chain to help maintain product freshness and efficacy. The term can also refer to insulated inter... | Insulated shipping container | [
"Technology"
] | 966 | [
"Home automation",
"Temperature control"
] |
13,329,119 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed%20concurrency%20control | Distributed concurrency control is the concurrency control of a system distributed over a computer network (Bernstein et al. 1987, Weikum and Vossen 2001).
In database systems and transaction processing (transaction management) distributed concurrency control refers primarily to the concurrency control of a distribut... | Distributed concurrency control | [
"Mathematics",
"Technology"
] | 364 | [
"Distributed computing problems",
"Computational problems",
"Data management",
"Data",
"Mathematical problems"
] |
13,330,152 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM%20Lotus%20Symphony | IBM Lotus Symphony is a discontinued suite of applications for creating, editing, and sharing text, spreadsheet, presentations, and other documents and browsing the World Wide Web. It was first distributed as commercial proprietary software, then as freeware, before IBM contributed the suite to the Apache Software Foun... | IBM Lotus Symphony | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,357 | [
"Spreadsheet software",
"Mathematical software"
] |
13,330,203 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linnik%20interferometer | A Linnik interferometer is a two-beam interferometer used in microscopy and surface contour measurements or topography. The basic configuration is the same as a Michelson interferometer. What distinguishes the Linnik configuration is the use of measurement optics in the reference arm, which essentially duplicate the ... | Linnik interferometer | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 184 | [
"Interferometers",
"Measuring instruments"
] |
13,330,828 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic%20jet | In fluid dynamics, a synthetic jet flow—is a type of jet flow, which is made up of the surrounding fluid. Synthetic jets are produced by periodic ejection and suction of fluid from an opening. This oscillatory motion may be driven by a piston or diaphragm inside a cavity among other ways.
A synthetic jet flow was so ... | Synthetic jet | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 469 | [
"Piping",
"Chemical engineering",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
13,330,831 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostwald%27s%20rule | In materials science, Ostwald's rule or Ostwald's step rule, conceived by Wilhelm Ostwald, describes the formation of polymorphs. The rule states that usually the less stable polymorph crystallizes first. Ostwald's rule is not a universal law but a common tendency observed in nature.
This can be explained on the basis... | Ostwald's rule | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 273 | [
"Crystallography",
"Polymorphism (materials science)",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Materials science"
] |
13,332,199 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robik | ALU Robik () was a Soviet and Ukrainian ZX Spectrum clone produced between July 1989 and January 1998 by the NPO "Rotor" in Cherkasy. Over 70 000 was produced, while few millions was planned.
Specification
The Robik is a monoblock computer in the keyboard formfactor, with an external power supply block, permanently c... | Robik | [
"Technology"
] | 2,713 | [
"Computer systems",
"Soviet computer systems"
] |
13,332,384 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo%20R470 | Ringo R-470 was a Brazilian clone of the Sinclair ZX81 by Ritas do Brasil Ltda. introduced in 1983. It featured a Z80A processor at 3.25 MHz, 8K ROM and 16 KB RAM. It wasn't 100% compatible with the ZX81, and some BASIC tokens have alternate codings.
It had a connector port for a 1200 bit/s modem and a joystick, and s... | Ringo R470 | [
"Technology"
] | 300 | [
"Computing stubs",
"Computer hardware stubs"
] |
13,332,454 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher%20Voigt | Christopher Voigt is an American synthetic biologist, molecular biophysicist, and engineer.
Career
Voigt is the Daniel I.C. Wang Professor of Advanced Biotechnology in the Department of Biological Engineering at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). He works in the developing field of synthetic biology. He is t... | Christopher Voigt | [
"Biology"
] | 497 | [
"Synthetic biology",
"Synthetic biologists"
] |
13,332,537 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datong%E2%80%93Qinhuangdao%20railway | Datong–Qinhuangdao railway or Daqin railway (), also known as the Daqin line (), is a 653 km coal-transport railway in north China. Its name is derived from its two terminal cities, Datong, a coal mining center in Shanxi province, and Qinhuangdao in Hebei province, on the Bohai Sea.
The electrified double track line s... | Datong–Qinhuangdao railway | [
"Engineering"
] | 491 | [
"Mining equipment",
"Mining railways"
] |
13,332,891 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Day%20Out%20with%20Thomas | Day Out with Thomas is a trade name, licensed by Mattel for tourist events that take place on heritage railways and feature one or more engines decorated to look like characters from the popular long-running classic British children's television series Thomas & Friends. The events are held around the world in Australia... | Day Out with Thomas | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,827 | [
"Heritage railways",
"Engineering preservation societies"
] |
13,333,460 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long%20March%20Launch%20Vehicle%20Technology | Long March Launch Vehicle Technology Co. Ltd. is an aerospace company under China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation. It is based in and mostly run in Beijing.
External links
http://www.rocketstock.com.cn/EnglishWeb
Companies based in Beijing
Aerospace companies of China
Companies listed on the Shanghai St... | Long March Launch Vehicle Technology | [
"Astronomy"
] | 72 | [
"Rocketry stubs",
"Astronomy stubs"
] |
13,333,998 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dielectric%20resonator%20antenna | A dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) is a radio antenna mostly used at microwave frequencies and higher, that consists of a block of ceramic material of various shapes, the dielectric resonator, mounted on a metal surface, a ground plane. Radio waves are introduced into the inside of the resonator material from the tr... | Dielectric resonator antenna | [
"Engineering"
] | 839 | [
"Radio electronics"
] |
13,334,951 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitively%20Guided%20Instruction | Cognitively Guided Instruction is "a professional development program based on an integrated program of research on (a) the development of students' mathematical thinking; (b) instruction that influences that development; (c) teachers' knowledge and beliefs that influence their instructional practice; and (d) the way t... | Cognitively Guided Instruction | [
"Mathematics"
] | 786 | [
"Elementary mathematics"
] |
13,335,403 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranmer%20Park | Cranmer Park is a city park in Denver, United States located in the Hilltop neighborhood off Colorado Boulevard between East 1st and East 3rd Avenue. It is notable for its large sundial.
An inscription at the base describes the axis of the gnomon as elevated 39°43' in the direction of polar north. The stone is perpend... | Cranmer Park | [
"Astronomy"
] | 300 | [
"Astronomical instruments"
] |
13,336,054 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powerset%20%28company%29 | Powerset was an American company based in San Francisco, California, that, in 2006, was developing a natural language search engine for the Internet. On July 1, 2008, Powerset was acquired by Microsoft for an estimated $100 million (~$ in ).
Powerset was working on building a natural language search engine that could ... | Powerset (company) | [
"Technology"
] | 1,254 | [
"Natural language processing",
"Natural language and computing"
] |
13,336,525 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Work%20systems | Work system has been used loosely in many areas. This article concerns its use in understanding IT-reliant systems in organizations. A notable use of the term occurred in 1977 in the first volume of MIS Quarterly in two articles by Bostrom and Heinen (1977). Later Sumner and Ryan (1994) used it to explain problems in t... | Work systems | [
"Technology"
] | 4,081 | [
"Information systems",
"Information technology"
] |
13,337,042 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pioneer%20%28military%29 | A pioneer () is a soldier employed to perform engineering and construction tasks. The term is in principle similar to sapper or combat engineer. Pioneers were originally part of the artillery branch of European armies. Subsequently, they formed part of the engineering branch, the logistic branch, part of the infantry, ... | Pioneer (military) | [
"Engineering"
] | 2,927 | [
"Construction",
"Military engineering"
] |
13,337,084 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanomesh | The nanomesh is an inorganic nanostructured two-dimensional material, similar to graphene. It was discovered in 2003 at the University of Zurich, Switzerland.
It consists of a single layer of boron (B) and nitrogen (N) atoms, which forms by self-assembly into a highly regular mesh after high-temperature exposure of a ... | Nanomesh | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,274 | [
"Self-organization",
"Inorganic compounds",
"Materials science",
"Nanotechnology",
"Planes (geometry)",
"III-V compounds",
"Thin films",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
13,337,091 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water%20chiller | A water chiller is a device used to lower the temperature of water. Most chillers use refrigerant in a closed loop system to facilitate heat exchange from water where the refrigerant is then pumped to a location where the waste heat is transferred to the atmosphere. However, there are other methods in performing this a... | Water chiller | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 212 | [
"Mechanical engineering stubs",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Mechanical engineering"
] |
13,337,259 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retardation%20factor | In chromatography, the retardation factor (R) is the fraction of an analyte in the mobile phase of a chromatographic system. In planar chromatography in particular, the retardation factor RF is defined as the ratio of the distance traveled by the center of a spot to the distance traveled by the solvent front. Ideally, ... | Retardation factor | [
"Chemistry"
] | 525 | [
"Chromatography",
"Separation processes"
] |
13,337,318 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model-based%20design | Model-based design (MBD) is a mathematical and visual method of addressing problems associated with designing complex control, signal processing and communication systems. It is used in many motion control, industrial equipment, aerospace, and automotive applications. Model-based design is a methodology applied in desi... | Model-based design | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,744 | [
"Control engineering"
] |
13,337,703 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whinstone | Whinstone is a term used in the quarrying industry to describe any hard dark-coloured rock. Examples include the igneous rocks, basalt and dolerite, as well as the sedimentary rock chert.
Etymology
The Northern English/Scots term whin is first attested in the fourteenth century, and the compound whinstone from the six... | Whinstone | [
"Physics"
] | 212 | [
"Rocks",
"Physical objects",
"Matter"
] |
13,338,132 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medipix | Medipix is a family of photon counting and particle tracking pixel detectors developed by an international collaboration, hosted by CERN.
Design
These are hybrid detectors as a semiconductor sensor layer is bonded to a processing electronics layer.
The sensor layer is a semiconductor, such as silicon, GaAs, or CdTe ... | Medipix | [
"Physics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 2,085 | [
"Radioactive contamination",
"X-rays",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Electromagnetic spectrum",
"Measuring instruments",
"X-ray instrumentation",
"Ionising radiation detectors"
] |
13,338,259 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House%20sign | House signs have been used since ancient times to personalise a dwelling, turning a house into a home.
See also
House number sign
Paternoster Row (London)
References
Infographics | House sign | [
"Engineering"
] | 40 | [
"Architecture stubs",
"Architecture"
] |
13,338,370 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transocean%20John%20Shaw | Transocean John Shaw was a semi-submersible drilling rig designed by Friede & Goldman as a self-propelled modified & enhanced pacesetter, built and delivered in 1982 by Mitsui Engineering & Shipbuilding Ltd. in Japan.
The Panama-convenience flagged vessel was designed and outfitted to operate in harsh environments. Th... | Transocean John Shaw | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 235 | [
"Oil platforms",
"Petroleum technology",
"Natural gas technology",
"Structural engineering"
] |
988,364 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois%20Lionet | François Lionet is a French programmer, best known for having written STOS BASIC on the Atari ST and AMOS BASIC on the Amiga (along with Constantin Sotiropoulos). He has also written several games on these platforms.
In 1994, he founded Clickteam with Yves Lamoureux, producing the Klik series of games-creation tools, ... | François Lionet | [
"Technology"
] | 223 | [
"Computing stubs",
"Computer specialist stubs"
] |
988,722 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English%20Electric%20DEUCE | The DEUCE (Digital Electronic Universal Computing Engine) was one of the earliest British commercially available computers, built by English Electric from 1955. It was the production version of the Pilot ACE, itself a cut-down version of Alan Turing's ACE.
Hardware description
The DEUCE had 1450 thermionic valves, a... | English Electric DEUCE | [
"Technology"
] | 3,427 | [
"Serial computers",
"Computers"
] |
988,735 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic%20Computing%20Engine | The Automatic Computing Engine (ACE) was a British early electronic serial stored-program computer design by Alan Turing. Turing completed the ambitious design in late 1945, having had experience in the years prior with the secret Colossus computer at Bletchley Park.
The ACE was not built, but a smaller version, the ... | Automatic Computing Engine | [
"Technology"
] | 1,314 | [
"Serial computers",
"Computers"
] |
988,751 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal%20knowledge%20management | Personal knowledge management (PKM) is a process of collecting information that a person uses to gather, classify, store, search, retrieve and share knowledge in their daily activities and the way in which these processes support work activities . It is a response to the idea that knowledge workers need to be responsi... | Personal knowledge management | [
"Technology"
] | 1,387 | [
"Information systems",
"Information technology"
] |
988,753 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoga%20nidra | Yoga nidra () or yogic sleep in modern usage is a state of consciousness between waking and sleeping, typically induced by a guided meditation.
A state called yoga nidra is mentioned in the Upanishads and the Mahabharata, while a goddess named Yoganidrā appears in the Devīmāhātmya. Yoga nidra is linked to meditation ... | Yoga nidra | [
"Biology"
] | 2,470 | [
"Behavior",
"Sleep"
] |
988,765 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sator%20Square | The Sator Square (or Rotas-Sator Square or Templar Magic Square) is a two-dimensional acrostic class of word square containing a five-word Latin palindrome. The earliest squares were found at Roman-era sites, all in ROTAS-form (where the top line is "ROTAS", not "SATOR"), with the earliest discovery at Pompeii (and al... | Sator Square | [
"Physics"
] | 8,113 | [
"Symmetry",
"Palindromes"
] |
988,796 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jevons%20paradox | In economics, the Jevons paradox (; sometimes Jevons effect) occurs when technological progress increases the efficiency with which a resource is used (reducing the amount necessary for any one use), but the falling cost of use induces increases in demand enough that resource use is increased, rather than reduced. Gove... | Jevons paradox | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 2,508 | [
"Industrial engineering",
"Energy policy",
"Environmental social science concepts",
"Environmental engineering",
"Industrial ecology",
"Environmental social science"
] |
988,803 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Out%20of%20print |
An out-of-print (OOP) or out-of-commerce item or work is something that is no longer being published. The term applies to all types of printed matter, visual media, sound recordings, and video recordings. An out-of-print book is a book that is no longer being published. The term can apply to specific editions of more... | Out of print | [
"Physics"
] | 1,055 | [
"Spacetime",
"Past",
"Physical quantities",
"Time"
] |
988,975 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S.%20Space%20%26%20Rocket%20Center | The U.S. Space & Rocket Center in Huntsville, Alabama is a museum operated by the government of Alabama, showcasing rockets, achievements, and artifacts of the U.S. space program. Sometimes billed as "Earth's largest space museum", astronaut Owen Garriott described the place as, "a great way to learn about space in a ... | U.S. Space & Rocket Center | [
"Engineering"
] | 3,415 | [
"Rocketry",
"Aerospace engineering"
] |
989,011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population%20pyramid | A population pyramid (age structure diagram) or "age-sex pyramid" is a graphical illustration of the distribution of a population (typically that of a country or region of the world) by age groups and sex; it typically takes the shape of a pyramid when the population is growing. Males are usually shown on the left and ... | Population pyramid | [
"Environmental_science"
] | 2,117 | [
"Demography",
"Environmental social science"
] |
989,039 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological%20psychology | Ecological psychology is the scientific study of the relationship between perception and action, grounded in a direct realist approach. This school of thought is heavily influenced by the writings of Roger Barker and James J. Gibson and stands in contrast to the mainstream explanations of perception offered by cognitiv... | Ecological psychology | [
"Environmental_science"
] | 1,069 | [
"Environmental social science",
"Environmental psychology"
] |
989,207 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-tank%20mine | An anti-tank or AT mine is a type of land mine designed to damage or destroy vehicles including tanks and armored fighting vehicles.
Compared to anti-personnel mines, anti-tank mines typically have a much larger explosive charge, and a fuze designed to be triggered by vehicles or, in some cases, remotely or by tamperi... | Anti-tank mine | [
"Engineering"
] | 3,076 | [
"Area denial weapons",
"Military engineering"
] |
989,287 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Residue%20number%20system | A residue numeral system (RNS) is a numeral system representing integers by their values modulo several pairwise coprime integers called the moduli. This representation is allowed by the Chinese remainder theorem, which asserts that, if is the product of the moduli, there is, in an interval of length , exactly one int... | Residue number system | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,016 | [
"Computer arithmetic",
"Arithmetic",
"Modular arithmetic",
"Number theory"
] |
989,686 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenfluramine | Fenfluramine, sold under the brand name Fintepla, is a serotonergic medication used for the treatment of seizures associated with Dravet syndrome and Lennox–Gastaut syndrome. It was formerly used as an appetite suppressant in the treatment of obesity, but was discontinued for this use due to cardiovascular toxicity bef... | Fenfluramine | [
"Chemistry"
] | 3,126 | [
"Respiratory toxins",
"Cellular respiration",
"Drug safety",
"Withdrawn drugs"
] |
989,858 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streaming%20television | Streaming television is the digital distribution of television content, such as and films and television series, streamed over the Internet. Standing in contrast to dedicated terrestrial television delivered by over-the-air aerial systems, cable television, and/or satellite television systems, streaming television is p... | Streaming television | [
"Technology"
] | 4,958 | [
"Information and communications technology",
"New media",
"Television technology",
"Computer systems",
"Streaming media systems",
"Telecommunications systems",
"Streaming television",
"Multimedia"
] |
989,870 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth%20Blackburn | Elizabeth Helen Blackburn (born 26 November 1948) is an Australian-American Nobel laureate who is the former president of the Salk Institute for Biological Studies. In 1984, Blackburn co-discovered telomerase, the enzyme that replenishes the telomere, with Carol W. Greider. For this work, she was awarded the 2009 Nobe... | Elizabeth Blackburn | [
"Technology"
] | 3,885 | [
"Women Nobel laureates",
"Women in science and technology"
] |
989,935 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turtle%20Geometry | Turtle Geometry is a college-level math text written by Hal Abelson and Andrea diSessa which aims to engage students in exploring mathematical properties visually via a simple programming language to maneuver the icon of a turtle trailing lines across a personal computer display.
See also
Turtle graphics
Turtle Geomet... | Turtle Geometry | [
"Technology"
] | 71 | [
"Computing stubs",
"Computer book stubs"
] |
989,996 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharp%20PC-1251 | The Sharp PC-1251 was a small pocket computer that was also marketed as the Tandy Pocket Computer.
It was created by Sharp Corporation in 1982.
Technical specifications
CPU: Hitachi SC61860 (8-bit CMOS), 576 kHz clock frequency
24 digit (5×7 pixel) LCD
Integrated speaker
Same connector for printer and tape drive as ... | Sharp PC-1251 | [
"Technology"
] | 130 | [
"Computing stubs",
"Computer hardware stubs"
] |
990,036 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software%20requirements%20specification | A software requirements specification (SRS) is a description of a software system to be developed. It is modeled after the business requirements specification (CONOPS). The software requirements specification lays out functional and non-functional requirements, and it may include a set of use cases that describe user ... | Software requirements specification | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 799 | [
"Software engineering",
"Computer standards",
"IEEE standards",
"Software requirements"
] |
990,090 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redshift-space%20distortions | Redshift-space distortions are an effect in observational cosmology where the spatial distribution of galaxies appears squashed and distorted when their positions are plotted as a function of their redshift rather than as a function of their distance. The effect is due to the peculiar velocities of the galaxies causing... | Redshift-space distortions | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 658 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Astronomical sub-disciplines",
"Theoretical physics",
"Astrophysics",
"Doppler effects",
"Physical cosmology"
] |
990,197 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concerted%20reaction | In chemistry, a concerted reaction is a chemical reaction in which all bond breaking and bond making occurs in a single step. Reactive intermediates or other unstable high energy intermediates are not involved. Concerted reaction rates tend not to depend on solvent polarity ruling out large buildup of charge in the tra... | Concerted reaction | [
"Chemistry"
] | 208 | [
"Organic reactions"
] |
990,224 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guestbook | A guestbook (also guest book, visitor log, visitors' book, visitors' album) is a paper or electronic means for a visitor to acknowledge a visit to a site, physical or web-based, and leave details such as their name, postal or electronic address and any comments. Such paper-based ledgers or books are traditional in chu... | Guestbook | [
"Technology"
] | 406 | [
"Computing stubs",
"World Wide Web stubs"
] |
990,247 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KT66 | KT66 is the designator for a beam power tube introduced by Marconi-Osram Valve Co. Ltd. (M-OV) of Britain in 1937 and marketed for application as a power amplifier for audio frequencies and driver for radio frequencies.
The KT66 is a beam tetrode that utilizes partially collimated electron beams to form a low potential... | KT66 | [
"Physics"
] | 918 | [
"Vacuum tubes",
"Vacuum",
"Matter"
] |
990,315 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20former%20IA-32%20compatible%20processor%20manufacturers | As the 32-bit Intel Architecture became the dominant computing platform during the 1980s and 1990s, multiple companies have tried to build microprocessors that are compatible with that Intel instruction set architecture. Most of these companies were not successful in the mainstream computing market. So far, only AMD ha... | List of former IA-32 compatible processor manufacturers | [
"Technology"
] | 837 | [
"Computer industry",
"Computing-related lists",
"Computing by company"
] |
990,343 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindenbaum%E2%80%93Tarski%20algebra | In mathematical logic, the Lindenbaum–Tarski algebra (or Lindenbaum algebra) of a logical theory T consists of the equivalence classes of sentences of the theory (i.e., the quotient, under the equivalence relation ~ defined such that p ~ q exactly when p and q are provably equivalent in T). That is, two sentences are e... | Lindenbaum–Tarski algebra | [
"Mathematics"
] | 510 | [
"Mathematical structures",
"Mathematical logic",
"Mathematical objects",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Algebraic logic",
"Algebraic structures"
] |
990,397 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maui%20Nui | Maui Nui is a modern geologists' name given to a prehistoric Hawaiian island and the corresponding modern biogeographic region. Maui Nui is composed of four modern islands: Maui, Molokaʻi, Lānaʻi, and Kahoʻolawe. Administratively, the four modern islands comprise Maui County (and a tiny part of Molokaʻi called Kalawao ... | Maui Nui | [
"Physics"
] | 1,091 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Physical oceanography"
] |
990,454 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interior%20algebra | In abstract algebra, an interior algebra is a certain type of algebraic structure that encodes the idea of the topological interior of a set. Interior algebras are to topology and the modal logic S4 what Boolean algebras are to set theory and ordinary propositional logic. Interior algebras form a variety of modal alge... | Interior algebra | [
"Mathematics"
] | 5,079 | [
"Boolean algebra",
"Mathematical structures",
"Closure operators",
"Mathematical logic",
"Mathematical objects",
"Modal logic",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Algebraic structures",
"Order theory"
] |
990,491 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-fouling%20paint | Anti-fouling paint is a specialized category of coatings applied as the outer (outboard) layer to the hull of a ship or boat, to slow the growth of and facilitate detachment of subaquatic organisms that attach to the hull and can affect a vessel's performance and durability. It falls into a category of commercially ava... | Anti-fouling paint | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,873 | [
"Paints",
"Coatings",
"Shipbuilding",
"Marine engineering",
"Materials degradation",
"Fouling"
] |
990,534 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norm%20%28mathematics%29 | In mathematics, a norm is a function from a real or complex vector space to the non-negative real numbers that behaves in certain ways like the distance from the origin: it commutes with scaling, obeys a form of the triangle inequality, and is zero only at the origin. In particular, the Euclidean distance in a Euclidea... | Norm (mathematics) | [
"Mathematics"
] | 3,821 | [
"Functions and mappings",
"Mathematical analysis",
"Functional analysis",
"Mathematical objects",
"Mathematical relations",
"Norms (mathematics)",
"Linear algebra",
"Algebra"
] |
990,632 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamical%20systems%20theory | Dynamical systems theory is an area of mathematics used to describe the behavior of complex dynamical systems, usually by employing differential equations or difference equations. When differential equations are employed, the theory is called continuous dynamical systems. From a physical point of view, continuous dynam... | Dynamical systems theory | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Technology"
] | 2,763 | [
"Computational fields of study",
"Mechanics",
"Computing and society",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
990,657 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service%20data%20unit | In Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) terminology, a service data unit (SDU) is a unit of data that has been passed down from an OSI layer or sublayer to a lower layer. This unit of data (SDU) has not yet been encapsulated into a protocol data unit (PDU) by the lower layer. That SDU is then encapsulated into the lower... | Service data unit | [
"Technology"
] | 566 | [
"Computing stubs",
"Computer network stubs"
] |
990,677 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAS%20%28software%29 | SAS (previously "Statistical Analysis System") is a statistical software suite developed by SAS Institute for data management, advanced analytics, multivariate analysis, business intelligence, criminal investigation, and predictive analytics. SAS' analytical software is built upon artificial intelligence and utilizes ... | SAS (software) | [
"Mathematics"
] | 3,718 | [
"Numerical software",
"Mathematical software"
] |
990,696 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dedicated%20short-range%20communications | Dedicated short-range communications (DSRC) is a technology for direct wireless exchange of vehicle-to-everything (V2X) and other intelligent transportation systems (ITS) data between vehicles, other road users (pedestrians, cyclists, etc.), and roadside infrastructure (traffic signals, electronic message signs, etc.).... | Dedicated short-range communications | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 748 | [
"Wireless networking",
"Computer networks engineering"
] |
990,816 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hama%20yumi | The is a sacred bow (yumi) used in 1103 A.D. in Japan. This bow is said to be one of the oldest and most sacred Japanese weapons; the first Emperor Jimmu is always depicted carrying a bow.
According to legend; at that time, the Imperial Palace was taken over by an evil demon, which caused the Emperor to fall ill with... | Hama yumi | [
"Physics"
] | 663 | [
"Religious objects",
"Physical objects",
"Matter"
] |
990,894 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miombo | Miombo woodland is a tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome (in the World Wide Fund for Nature scheme) located in central and southern tropical Africa. It includes three woodland savanna ecoregions (listed below) characterized by the dominant presence of Brachystegia and Julbernardia specie... | Miombo | [
"Biology"
] | 909 | [
"Biota of the Afrotropical realm",
"Biota by biogeographic realm"
] |
991,053 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programmer%20%28hardware%29 | In the context of installing firmware onto a device, a programmer, device programmer, chip programmer, device burner, or PROM writer is a device that writes, a.k.a. burns, firmware to a target device's non-volatile memory.
Typically, the target device memory is one of the following types: PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, Flash m... | Programmer (hardware) | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 982 | [
"Gate arrays",
"Electrical engineering",
"Computer engineering",
"Integrated circuits"
] |
991,054 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sol%20%28colloid%29 | A sol is a colloidal suspension made out of tiny solid particles in a continuous liquid medium. Sols are stable, so that they do not settle down when left undisturbed, and exhibit the Tyndall effect, which is the scattering of light by the particles in the colloid. The size of the particles can vary from 1 nm - 100 nm.... | Sol (colloid) | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 271 | [
"Colloidal chemistry",
"Surface science",
"Colloids",
"Chemical mixtures",
"Condensed matter physics"
] |
991,105 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line%20driver | A line driver is an electronic amplifier circuit designed for driving a load such as a transmission line. The amplifier's output impedance may be matched to the characteristic impedance of the transmission line.
Line drivers are commonly used within digital systems, e.g. to communicate digital signals across circuit-... | Line driver | [
"Technology"
] | 101 | [
"Electronic amplifiers",
"Amplifiers"
] |
991,169 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodenticide | Rodenticides are chemicals made and sold for the purpose of killing rodents. While commonly referred to as "rat poison", rodenticides are also used to kill mice, woodchucks, chipmunks, porcupines, nutria, beavers, and voles.
Some rodenticides are lethal after one exposure while others require more than one. Rodents ar... | Rodenticide | [
"Biology",
"Environmental_science"
] | 3,844 | [
"Biocides",
"Rodenticides",
"Toxicology"
] |
991,210 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divisibility%20rule | A divisibility rule is a shorthand and useful way of determining whether a given integer is divisible by a fixed divisor without performing the division, usually by examining its digits. Although there are divisibility tests for numbers in any radix, or base, and they are all different, this article presents rules and ... | Divisibility rule | [
"Mathematics"
] | 8,280 | [
"Elementary number theory",
"Articles containing proofs",
"Elementary mathematics",
"Number theory"
] |
991,217 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perspectivism | Perspectivism (; also called perspectivalism) is the epistemological principle that perception of and knowledge of something are always bound to the interpretive perspectives of those observing it. While perspectivism regard all perspectives and interpretations as being of equal truth or value, it holds that no one ha... | Perspectivism | [
"Technology"
] | 2,146 | [
"Social epistemology",
"Science and technology studies"
] |
991,335 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pica%20%28typography%29 | The pica is a typographic unit of measure corresponding to approximately of an inch, or from to of a foot. One pica is further divided into 12 points.
In printing, three pica measures are used:
The French pica of 12 Didot points (also called cicero) generally is: 12 × 0.376 = .
The American pica of . It was esta... | Pica (typography) | [
"Mathematics"
] | 488 | [
"Quantity",
"Units of measurement",
"Units of length"
] |
991,349 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point%20%28typography%29 | In typography, the point is the smallest unit of measure. It is used for measuring font size, leading, and other items on a printed page. The size of the point has varied throughout printing's history. Since the 18th century, the size of a point has been between 0.18 and 0.4 millimeters. Following the advent of desktop... | Point (typography) | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,519 | [
"Quantity",
"Units of measurement",
"Units of length"
] |
991,459 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopper%20crystal | A hopper crystal is a form of crystal, the shape of which resembles that of a pyramidal hopper container.
The edges of hopper crystals are fully developed, but the interior spaces are not filled in. This results in what appears to be a hollowed out step lattice formation, as if someone had removed interior sections of... | Hopper crystal | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 373 | [
"Crystallography",
"Crystals"
] |
991,484 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis%20J.%20Mordell | Louis Joel Mordell (28 January 1888 – 12 March 1972) was an American-born British mathematician, known for his research in number theory. He was born in Philadelphia, United States, in a Jewish family of Lithuanian extraction.
Education
Mordell was educated at the University of Cambridge where he completed the Cambrid... | Louis J. Mordell | [
"Mathematics"
] | 864 | [
"Number theorists",
"Number theory"
] |
991,666 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple%20instruction%2C%20single%20data | In computing, multiple instruction, single data (MISD) is a type of parallel computing architecture where many functional units perform different operations on the same data. Pipeline architectures belong to this type, though a purist might say that the data is different after processing by each stage in the pipeline. ... | Multiple instruction, single data | [
"Technology"
] | 859 | [
"Classes of computers",
"Computers",
"Computer systems"
] |
991,671 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenville%20Turner | Grenville Turner (1 November 1936 – 22 August 2024) was a British geochemist who was a research professor at the University of Manchester. He was one of the pioneers of cosmochemistry.
Education
Todmorden Grammar School
St. John's College, Cambridge (MA)
Balliol College, Oxford
In 1962, he was awarded his D.Phil... | Grenville Turner | [
"Chemistry"
] | 771 | [
"Geochemists",
"British geochemists"
] |
991,712 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddington%20Medal | The Eddington Medal is awarded by the Royal Astronomical Society for investigations of outstanding merit in theoretical astrophysics. It is named after Sir Arthur Eddington. First awarded in 1953, the frequency of the prize has varied over the years, at times being every one, two or three years. Since 2013 it has been ... | Eddington Medal | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy",
"Technology"
] | 114 | [
"Astronomy prizes",
"Astrophysics",
"Awards of the Royal Astronomical Society",
"Science and technology awards",
"Astronomical sub-disciplines",
"Physics awards"
] |
991,784 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circumscribed%20sphere | In geometry, a circumscribed sphere of a polyhedron is a sphere that contains the polyhedron and touches each of the polyhedron's vertices. The word circumsphere is sometimes used to mean the same thing, by analogy with the term circumcircle. As in the case of two-dimensional circumscribed circles (circumcircles), the... | Circumscribed sphere | [
"Mathematics"
] | 711 | [
"Elementary mathematics",
"Elementary geometry"
] |
991,786 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inscribed%20sphere | In geometry, the inscribed sphere or insphere of a convex polyhedron is a sphere that is contained within the polyhedron and tangent to each of the polyhedron's faces. It is the largest sphere that is contained wholly within the polyhedron, and is dual to the dual polyhedron's circumsphere.
The radius of the sphere in... | Inscribed sphere | [
"Mathematics"
] | 455 | [
"Elementary mathematics",
"Elementary geometry"
] |
991,849 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hose | A hose is a flexible hollow tube or pipe designed to carry fluids from one location to another, often from a faucet or hydrant.
Early hoses were made of leather, although modern hoses are typically made of rubber, canvas, and helically wound wire. Hoses may also be made from plastics such as polyvinyl chloride, polyt... | Hose | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 110 | [
"Physical systems",
"Hydraulics",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
991,868 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torture%20murder | A torture murder is a murder where death was preceded by the torture of the victim. In many legal jurisdictions a murder involving "exceptional brutality or cruelty" will attract a harsher sentence.
Frequency
Lynching in the United States—extrajudicial killing by a mob, which often served as a means of racial terrori... | Torture murder | [
"Biology"
] | 345 | [
"Harassment and bullying",
"Behavior",
"Aggression"
] |
992,021 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20B.%20Pollack | James Barney Pollack (July 9, 1938 – June 13, 1994) was an American astrophysicist who worked for NASA's Ames Research Center.
Pollack was born on July 9, 1938, in New York City, and was brought up in Woodmere, Long Island by a Jewish family that was in the women's garment business. He was a valedictorian of his class... | James B. Pollack | [
"Astronomy"
] | 482 | [
"Astronomers",
"LGBTQ astronomers"
] |
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