id int64 39 79M | url stringlengths 31 227 | text stringlengths 6 334k | source stringlengths 1 150 ⌀ | categories listlengths 1 6 | token_count int64 3 71.8k | subcategories listlengths 0 30 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
581,885 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concurrent%20user | In computer science, the number of concurrent users (sometimes abbreviated CCU) for a resource in a location, with the location being a computing network or a single computer, refers to the total number of people simultaneously accessing or using the resource. The resource can, for example, be a computer program, a fil... | Concurrent user | [
"Technology"
] | 461 | [
"Computing terminology"
] |
581,888 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luminous%20flux | In photometry, luminous flux or luminous power is the measure of the perceived power of light. It differs from radiant flux, the measure of the total power of electromagnetic radiation (including infrared, ultraviolet, and visible light), in that luminous flux is adjusted to reflect the varying sensitivity of the human... | Luminous flux | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 537 | [
"Temporal quantities",
"Physical phenomena",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Temporal rates",
"Physical properties"
] |
581,913 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directional%20selection | In population genetics, directional selection is a type of natural selection in which one extreme phenotype is favored over both the other extreme and moderate phenotypes. This genetic selection causes the allele frequency to shift toward the chosen extreme over time as allele ratios change from generation to generatio... | Directional selection | [
"Biology"
] | 2,622 | [
"Evolutionary processes",
"Selection"
] |
581,974 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coq%20%28software%29 | Coq is an interactive theorem prover first released in 1989. It allows for expressing mathematical assertions, mechanically checks proofs of these assertions, helps find formal proofs, and extracts a certified program from the constructive proof of its formal specification. Coq works within the theory of the calculus o... | Coq (software) | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,864 | [
"Educational math software",
"Mathematical software"
] |
582,024 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pushout%20%28category%20theory%29 | In category theory, a branch of mathematics, a pushout (also called a fibered coproduct or fibered sum or cocartesian square or amalgamated sum) is the colimit of a diagram consisting of two morphisms f : Z → X and g : Z → Y with a common domain. The pushout consists of an object P along with two morphisms X → P and Y... | Pushout (category theory) | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,237 | [
"Mathematical structures",
"Category theory",
"Limits (category theory)"
] |
582,075 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev%20Pontryagin | Lev Semyonovich Pontryagin (, also written Pontriagin or Pontrjagin, first name sometimes anglicized as Leon) (3 September 1908 – 3 May 1988) was a Soviet mathematician. Completely blind from the age of 14, he made major discoveries in a number of fields of mathematics, including algebraic topology, differential topolo... | Lev Pontryagin | [
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,139 | [
"Topologists",
"Topology",
"Control engineering",
"Control theorists"
] |
582,127 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antenna%20tuner | An antenna tuner, a matchbox, transmatch, antenna tuning unit (ATU), antenna coupler, or feedline coupler is a device connected between a radio transmitter or receiver and its antenna to improve power transfer between them by matching the impedance of the radio to the antenna's feedline. Antenna tuners are particularl... | Antenna tuner | [
"Engineering"
] | 6,039 | [
"Radio electronics",
"Wireless tuning and filtering"
] |
582,228 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabi%20cycle | In physics, the Rabi cycle (or Rabi flop) is the cyclic behaviour of a two-level quantum system in the presence of an oscillatory driving field. A great variety of physical processes belonging to the areas of quantum computing, condensed matter, atomic and molecular physics, and nuclear and particle physics can be conv... | Rabi cycle | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,517 | [
"Quantum optics",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Atomic physics",
" molecular",
"Atomic",
" and optical physics"
] |
582,263 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelson%20interferometer | The Michelson interferometer is a common configuration for optical interferometry and was invented by the 19/20th-century American physicist Albert Abraham Michelson. Using a beam splitter, a light source is split into two arms. Each of those light beams is reflected back toward the beamsplitter which then combines the... | Michelson interferometer | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 4,018 | [
"Interferometers",
"Measuring instruments"
] |
582,273 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic%20diameter | The hydraulic diameter, , is a commonly used term when handling flow in non-circular tubes and channels. Using this term, one can calculate many things in the same way as for a round tube. When the cross-section is uniform along the tube or channel length, it is defined as
where
is the cross-sectional area of the flo... | Hydraulic diameter | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 470 | [
"Transport phenomena",
"Physical phenomena",
"Heat transfer",
"Hydrology",
"Chemical engineering",
"Physical systems",
"Hydraulics",
"Thermodynamics",
"Environmental engineering",
"Piping",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
582,393 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygynandry | Polygynandry is a mating system in which both males and females have multiple mating partners during a breeding season. In sexually reproducing diploid animals, different mating strategies are employed by males and females, because the cost of gamete production is lower for males than it is for females. The different m... | Polygynandry | [
"Biology"
] | 2,551 | [
"Behavior",
"Mating systems",
"Mating"
] |
582,410 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beam%20splitter | A beam splitter or beamsplitter is an optical device that splits a beam of light into a transmitted and a reflected beam. It is a crucial part of many optical experimental and measurement systems, such as interferometers, also finding widespread application in fibre optic telecommunications.
Designs
In its most common... | Beam splitter | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 2,951 | [
"Glass engineering and science",
"Optical components",
"Components",
"Microscopy"
] |
582,440 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luhn%20algorithm | The Luhn algorithm or Luhn formula, also known as the "modulus 10" or "mod 10" algorithm, named after its creator, IBM scientist Hans Peter Luhn, is a simple check digit formula used to validate a variety of identification numbers. It is described in US patent 2950048A, granted on .
The algorithm is in the public doma... | Luhn algorithm | [
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,055 | [
"Reliability engineering",
"Error detection and correction",
"Arithmetic",
"Modular arithmetic",
"Number theory"
] |
582,453 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age%20of%20Aquarius | The Age of Aquarius, in astrology, is either the current or forthcoming astrological age, depending on the method of calculation. Astrologers maintain that an astrological age is a product of the Earth's slow precessional rotation and lasts for 2,160 years, on average (one 25,920 year period of precession, or great yea... | Age of Aquarius | [
"Physics"
] | 1,722 | [
"Spacetime",
"Astrological ages",
"Physical quantities",
"Time"
] |
582,473 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oogenesis | Oogenesis () or ovogenesis is the differentiation of the ovum (egg cell) into a cell competent to further develop when fertilized. It is developed from the primary oocyte by maturation. Oogenesis is initiated in the embryonic stage.
Oogenesis in non-human mammals
In mammals, the first part of oogenesis starts in the ... | Oogenesis | [
"Biology"
] | 3,949 | [
"Behavior",
"Developmental biology",
"Genetics",
"Reproduction",
"Meiosis",
"Molecular genetics",
"Cellular processes"
] |
582,527 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Host%20controller%20interface%20%28USB%2C%20Firewire%29 | A USB and Firewire Host Controller Interface (UFHC) is a register-level interface that enables a host controller for USB or IEEE 1394 hardware to communicate with a host controller driver in software. The driver software is typically provided with an operating system of a personal computer, but may also be implemented ... | Host controller interface (USB, Firewire) | [
"Technology"
] | 1,338 | [
"Computer standards",
"Computer hardware standards"
] |
582,530 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lefschetz%20fixed-point%20theorem | In mathematics, the Lefschetz fixed-point theorem is a formula that counts the fixed points of a continuous mapping from a compact topological space to itself by means of traces of the induced mappings on the homology groups of . It is named after Solomon Lefschetz, who first stated it in 1926.
The counting is subje... | Lefschetz fixed-point theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,240 | [
"Theorems in mathematical analysis",
"Theory of continuous functions",
"Fixed-point theorems",
"Theorems in topology",
"Topology",
"Theorems in algebraic topology"
] |
582,691 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retraction%20in%20academic%20publishing | In academic publishing, a retraction is a mechanism by which a published paper in an academic journal is flagged for being seriously flawed to the extent that their results and conclusions can no longer be relied upon. Retracted articles are not removed from the published literature but marked as retracted. In some cas... | Retraction in academic publishing | [
"Technology"
] | 2,713 | [
"Scientific misconduct",
"Ethics of science and technology"
] |
582,702 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasistatic%20process | In thermodynamics, a quasi-static process, also known as a quasi-equilibrium process (from Latin quasi, meaning ‘as if’), is a thermodynamic process that happens slowly enough for the system to remain in internal physical (but not necessarily chemical) thermodynamic equilibrium. An example of this is quasi-static expan... | Quasistatic process | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 554 | [
"Thermodynamic processes",
"Statistical mechanics",
"Thermodynamics"
] |
582,770 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle%20number | In thermodynamics, the particle number (symbol ) of a thermodynamic system is the number of constituent particles in that system. The particle number is a fundamental thermodynamic property which is conjugate to the chemical potential. Unlike most physical quantities, the particle number is a dimensionless quantity, sp... | Particle number | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 553 | [
"State functions",
"Scalar physical quantities",
"Thermodynamic properties",
"Physical quantities",
"Dimensionless numbers of thermodynamics",
"Thermodynamics",
"Dimensionless quantities",
"Countable quantities",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
582,780 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard%20atmosphere%20%28unit%29 | The standard atmosphere (symbol: atm) is a unit of pressure defined as Pa. It is sometimes used as a reference pressure or standard pressure. It is approximately equal to Earth's average atmospheric pressure at sea level.
History
The standard atmosphere was originally defined as the pressure exerted by a 760 mm colum... | Standard atmosphere (unit) | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 381 | [
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Units of pressure",
"Meteorological quantities",
"Atmospheric pressure",
"Units of measurement"
] |
582,796 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractional%20CIO | A fractional chief information officer differs from a traditional chief information officer in that they serve as a working member of a company's executive management team as a contractor and may or may not serve on the company's board of directors.
A fractional CIO, also known as a part-time CIO, parachute CIO, or C... | Fractional CIO | [
"Technology"
] | 346 | [
"People in information technology",
"Information technology"
] |
583,073 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segmentation%20%28biology%29 | Segmentation in biology is the division of some animal and plant body plans into a linear series of repetitive segments that may or may not be interconnected to each other. This article focuses on the segmentation of animal body plans, specifically using the examples of the taxa Arthropoda, Chordata, and Annelida. Thes... | Segmentation (biology) | [
"Biology"
] | 1,490 | [
"Behavior",
"Developmental biology",
"Reproduction"
] |
583,104 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthosie%20%28moon%29 | Orthosie , also known as , is a natural satellite of Jupiter. It was discovered by a team of astronomers from the University of Hawaii led by Scott S. Sheppard in 2001, and given the temporary designation .
Orthosie is about 2 kilometres in diameter, and orbits Jupiter at an average distance of 21,075,662 km in 625.07... | Orthosie (moon) | [
"Astronomy"
] | 207 | [
"Astronomy stubs",
"Planetary science stubs"
] |
583,362 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4015%20Wilson%E2%80%93Harrington | 4015 Wilson–Harrington is an active asteroid known both as comet 107P/Wilson–Harrington and as asteroid 4015 Wilson–Harrington. It passed from Earth on 20 July 2022 and then passed perihelion (closest approach to the Sun) on 24 August 2022. It seldom gets brighter than apparent magnitude 16. It will return to periheli... | 4015 Wilson–Harrington | [
"Astronomy"
] | 738 | [
"Recovered astronomical objects",
"Astronomical objects"
] |
583,438 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic%20transformation | In molecular biology and genetics, transformation is the genetic alteration of a cell resulting from the direct uptake and incorporation of exogenous genetic material from its surroundings through the cell membrane(s). For transformation to take place, the recipient bacterium must be in a state of competence, which mig... | Genetic transformation | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 6,127 | [
"Genetics techniques",
"Modification of genetic information",
"Molecular biology techniques",
"Molecular genetics",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry",
"Gene delivery"
] |
583,514 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic%20terminal%20information%20service | Automatic terminal information service, or ATIS, is a continuous broadcast of recorded aeronautical information in busier terminal areas. ATIS broadcasts contain essential information, such as current weather information, active runways, available approaches, and any other information required by the pilots, such as im... | Automatic terminal information service | [
"Engineering"
] | 792 | [
"Airport infrastructure",
"Aerospace engineering"
] |
583,532 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Function%20type | In computer science and mathematical logic, a function type (or arrow type or exponential) is the type of a variable or parameter to which a function has or can be assigned, or an argument or result type of a higher-order function taking or returning a function.
A function type depends on the type of the parameters an... | Function type | [
"Mathematics"
] | 695 | [
"Type theory",
"Mathematical logic",
"Mathematical structures",
"Mathematical objects"
] |
583,598 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen%20cycle | Oxygen cycle refers to the movement of oxygen through the atmosphere (air), biosphere (plants and animals) and the lithosphere (the Earth’s crust). The oxygen cycle demonstrates how free oxygen is made available in each of these regions, as well as how it is used. The oxygen cycle is the biogeochemical cycle of oxygen ... | Oxygen cycle | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 999 | [
"Photosynthesis",
"Ecology",
"Chemical oceanography",
"Biogeochemical cycle",
"Biogeochemistry",
"Biochemistry"
] |
583,600 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory%20of%20equations | In algebra, the theory of equations is the study of algebraic equations (also called "polynomial equations"), which are equations defined by a polynomial. The main problem of the theory of equations was to know when an algebraic equation has an algebraic solution. This problem was completely solved in 1830 by Évariste ... | Theory of equations | [
"Mathematics"
] | 688 | [
"History of algebra",
"Polynomials",
"Mathematical objects",
"Equations",
"Algebra"
] |
583,637 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplicial%20approximation%20theorem | In mathematics, the simplicial approximation theorem is a foundational result for algebraic topology, guaranteeing that continuous mappings can be (by a slight deformation) approximated by ones that are piecewise of the simplest kind. It applies to mappings between spaces that are built up from simplices—that is, finit... | Simplicial approximation theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 572 | [
"Theory of continuous functions",
"Theorems in topology",
"Basic concepts in set theory",
"Topology",
"Families of sets",
"Simplicial sets",
"Theorems in algebraic topology"
] |
583,651 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barycentric%20subdivision | In mathematics, the barycentric subdivision is a standard way to subdivide a given simplex into smaller ones. Its extension on simplicial complexes is a canonical method to refine them. Therefore, the barycentric subdivision is an important tool in algebraic topology.
Motivation
The barycentric subdivision is an oper... | Barycentric subdivision | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,026 | [
"Triangulation (geometry)",
"Planar graphs",
"Algebraic topology",
"Geometric topology",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Topology",
"Planes (geometry)"
] |
583,785 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarski%27s%20undefinability%20theorem | Tarski's undefinability theorem, stated and proved by Alfred Tarski in 1933, is an important limitative result in mathematical logic, the foundations of mathematics, and in formal semantics. Informally, the theorem states that "arithmetical truth cannot be defined in arithmetic".
The theorem applies more generally to ... | Tarski's undefinability theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,106 | [
"Foundations of mathematics",
"Mathematical logic",
"Mathematical problems",
"Mathematical theorems",
"Theorems in the foundations of mathematics"
] |
583,800 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Therm | The therm (symbol, thm) is a non-SI unit of heat energy equal to 100,000 British thermal units (BTU), and approximately megajoules, kilowatt-hours, 25,200kilocalories and thermies. One therm is the energy content of approximately of natural gas at standard temperature and pressure. However, the BTU is not standardised... | Therm | [
"Mathematics"
] | 916 | [
"Quantity",
"Units of energy",
"Units of measurement"
] |
583,901 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combined%20cycle%20power%20plant | A combined cycle power plant is an assembly of heat engines that work in tandem from the same source of heat, converting it into mechanical energy. On land, when used to make electricity the most common type is called a combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) plant, which is a kind of gas-fired power plant. The same principl... | Combined cycle power plant | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 5,978 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Mechanical engineering"
] |
584,118 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivalry%20%28economics%29 | In economics, a good is said to be rivalrous or a rival if its consumption by one consumer prevents simultaneous consumption by other consumers, or if consumption by one party reduces the ability of another party to consume it. A good is considered non-rivalrous or non-rival if, for any level of production, the cost of... | Rivalry (economics) | [
"Physics"
] | 813 | [
"Materials",
"Goods (economics)",
"Matter"
] |
584,136 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topological%20abelian%20group | In mathematics, a topological abelian group, or TAG, is a topological group that is also an abelian group.
That is, a TAG is both a group and a topological space, the group operations are continuous, and the group's binary operation is commutative.
The theory of topological groups applies also to TAGs, but more can be... | Topological abelian group | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 121 | [
"Space (mathematics)",
"Topological spaces",
"Topology stubs",
"Topology",
"Space",
"Geometry",
"Topological groups",
"Spacetime"
] |
584,207 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichroic%20prism | A dichroic prism is a prism that splits light into two beams of differing wavelengths (colour). A trichroic prism assembly combines two dichroic prisms to split an image into 3 colours, typically as red, green and blue of the RGB colour model. They are usually constructed of one or more glass prisms with dichroic optic... | Dichroic prism | [
"Materials_science",
"Mathematics"
] | 670 | [
"Thin-film optics",
"Planes (geometry)",
"Thin films"
] |
584,238 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cladogenesis | Cladogenesis is an evolutionary splitting of a parent species into two distinct species, forming a clade.
This event usually occurs when a few organisms end up in new, often distant areas or when environmental changes cause several extinctions, opening up ecological niches for the survivors and causing population bott... | Cladogenesis | [
"Biology"
] | 280 | [
"Bioinformatics",
"Phylogenetics",
"Taxonomy (biology)",
"Evolutionary biology concepts"
] |
584,240 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image%20intensifier | An image intensifier or image intensifier tube is a vacuum tube device for increasing the intensity of available light in an optical system to allow use under low-light conditions, such as at night, to facilitate visual imaging of low-light processes, such as fluorescence of materials in X-rays or gamma rays (X-ray ima... | Image intensifier | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 4,832 | [
"Glass engineering and science",
"Optical devices",
"Vacuum tubes",
"Vacuum",
"Matter"
] |
584,310 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octahedral%20number | In number theory, an octahedral number is a figurate number that represents the number of spheres in an octahedron formed from close-packed spheres. The th octahedral number can be obtained by the formula:
The first few octahedral numbers are:
1, 6, 19, 44, 85, 146, 231, 344, 489, 670, 891 .
Properties and applica... | Octahedral number | [
"Mathematics"
] | 765 | [
"Figurate numbers",
"Mathematical objects",
"Numbers"
] |
584,362 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballard%20Locks | The Hiram M. Chittenden Locks, or Ballard Locks, is a complex of locks at the west end of Salmon Bay in Seattle, Washington's Lake Washington Ship Canal, between the neighborhoods of Ballard to the north and Magnolia to the south.
The Ballard Locks carry more boat traffic than any other lock in the U.S., and the locks... | Ballard Locks | [
"Engineering"
] | 2,767 | [
"Engineering units and formations",
"United States Army Corps of Engineers",
"Civil engineering",
"Historic Civil Engineering Landmarks"
] |
584,406 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edge-transitive%20graph | In the mathematical field of graph theory, an edge-transitive graph is a graph such that, given any two edges and of , there is an automorphism of that maps to .
In other words, a graph is edge-transitive if its automorphism group acts transitively on its edges.
Examples and properties
The number of connected ... | Edge-transitive graph | [
"Mathematics"
] | 540 | [
"Mathematical relations",
"Graph theory",
"Algebra",
"Algebraic graph theory"
] |
584,438 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winner%27s%20curse | The winner's curse is a phenomenon that may occur in common value auctions, where all bidders have the same (ex post) value for an item but receive different private (ex ante) signals about this value and wherein the winner is the bidder with the most optimistic evaluation of the asset and therefore will tend to overes... | Winner's curse | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,301 | [
"Game theory",
"Auction theory"
] |
584,470 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%20Draper | Henry Draper (March 7, 1837 – November 20, 1882) was an American medical doctor and amateur astronomer. He is best known today as a pioneer of astrophotography.
Life and work
Henry Draper's father, John William Draper, was an accomplished doctor, chemist, botanist, and professor at New York University; he was also the... | Henry Draper | [
"Astronomy"
] | 781 | [
"People associated with astronomy",
"Astrophotographers"
] |
584,504 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaphase | Metaphase ( and ) is a stage of mitosis in the eukaryotic cell cycle in which chromosomes are at their second-most condensed and coiled stage (they are at their most condensed in anaphase). These chromosomes, carrying genetic information, align in the equator of the cell between the spindle poles at the metaphase plate... | Metaphase | [
"Biology"
] | 709 | [
"Cell cycle",
"Cellular processes",
"Mitosis"
] |
584,584 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto%20Struve | Otto Lyudvigovich Struve (; 12 August 1897 – 6 April 1963) was a Russian-American astronomer of Baltic German origin. Otto was the descendant of famous astronomers of the Struve family; he was the son of Ludwig Struve, grandson of Otto Wilhelm von Struve and great-grandson of Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve. He was ... | Otto Struve | [
"Astronomy"
] | 5,194 | [
"Astronomers",
"Presidents of the International Astronomical Union"
] |
584,602 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinitrogen%20pentoxide | Dinitrogen pentoxide (also known as nitrogen pentoxide or nitric anhydride) is the chemical compound with the formula . It is one of the binary nitrogen oxides, a family of compounds that contain only nitrogen and oxygen. It exists as colourless crystals that sublime slightly above room temperature, yielding a colorles... | Dinitrogen pentoxide | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,586 | [
"Nitronium compounds",
"Nitrates",
"Oxidizing agents",
"Salts"
] |
584,617 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20interfering%20RNA | Small interfering RNA (siRNA), sometimes known as short interfering RNA or silencing RNA, is a class of double-stranded non-coding RNA molecules, typically 20–24 base pairs in length, similar to microRNA (miRNA), and operating within the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway. It interferes with the expression of specific ge... | Small interfering RNA | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 6,346 | [
"Biochemistry",
"Molecular biology"
] |
584,651 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trusted%20third%20party | In cryptography, a trusted third party (TTP) is an entity which facilitates interactions between two parties who both trust the third party; the third party reviews all critical transaction communications between the parties, based on the ease of creating fraudulent digital content. In TTP models, the relying parties u... | Trusted third party | [
"Engineering"
] | 950 | [
"Cybersecurity engineering",
"Computational trust"
] |
584,652 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermomicrobia | The Thermomicrobia is a group of thermophilic green non-sulfur bacteria. Based on species Thermomicrobium roseum (type species) and Sphaerobacter thermophilus, this bacteria class has the following description:
The class Thermomicrobia subdivides into two orders with validly published names: Thermomicrobiales Garrity... | Thermomicrobia | [
"Biology"
] | 1,919 | [
"Prokaryotes",
"Microorganisms",
"Bacteria"
] |
584,777 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermophobia | Thermophobia (adjective: thermophobic) is intolerance for high temperatures by either inorganic materials or organisms. The term has a number of specific usages.
In pharmacy, a thermophobic foam consisting of 0.1% betamethasone valerate was found to be at least as effective as conventional remedies for treating dandru... | Thermophobia | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 285 | [
"Scalar physical quantities",
"Thermodynamic properties",
"Temperature",
"Physical quantities",
"Physiology",
"SI base quantities",
"Intensive quantities",
"Thermodynamics",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities"
] |
584,820 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source%20port | A source port is a software project based on the source code of a game engine that allows the game to be played on operating systems or computing platforms with which the game was not originally compatible.
Description
Source ports are often created by fans after the original developer hands over the maintenance suppo... | Source port | [
"Engineering"
] | 660 | [
"Software engineering",
"Software maintenance"
] |
584,842 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bellatrix | Bellatrix is the third-brightest star in the constellation of Orion, positioned 5° west of the red supergiant Betelgeuse (Alpha Orionis). It has the Bayer designation γ Orionis, which is Latinized to Gamma Orionis. With a slightly variable magnitude of around 1.6, it is typically the 25th-brightest star in the night sk... | Bellatrix | [
"Astronomy"
] | 1,347 | [
"Constellations",
"Orion (constellation)"
] |
584,887 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical%20coating | An optical coating is one or more thin layers of material deposited on an optical component such as a lens, prism or mirror, which alters the way in which the optic reflects and transmits light. These coatings have become a key technology in the field of optics. One type of optical coating is an anti-reflective coating... | Optical coating | [
"Materials_science",
"Mathematics"
] | 3,359 | [
"Thin-film optics",
"Planes (geometry)",
"Thin films"
] |
584,911 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/External%20ballistics | External ballistics or exterior ballistics is the part of ballistics that deals with the behavior of a projectile in flight. The projectile may be powered or un-powered, guided or unguided, spin or fin stabilized, flying through an atmosphere or in the vacuum of space, but most certainly flying under the influence of a... | External ballistics | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 14,776 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Aerodynamics",
"Aerospace engineering",
"Ballistics",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
584,987 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonic%20Convergence | The Harmonic Convergence was the world's first synchronized global peace meditation, coinciding with an exceptional alignment of Solar System planets on August 16–17, 1987. The event was organized by spouses José Argüelles and Lloydine Burris Argüelles, via the Planet Art Network (PAN), a peace movement they founded in... | Harmonic Convergence | [
"Astronomy"
] | 1,144 | [
"Astrology",
"History of astronomy"
] |
584,997 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In-band%20signaling | In telecommunications, in-band signaling is the sending of control information within the same band or channel used for data such as voice or video. This is in contrast to out-of-band signaling which is sent over a different channel, or even over a separate network. In-band signals may often be heard by telephony part... | In-band signaling | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,451 | [
"Computer networks engineering",
"Network management"
] |
585,102 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius%20von%20Mayer | Julius Robert von Mayer (25 November 1814 – 20 March 1878) was a German physician, chemist, and physicist and one of the founders of thermodynamics. He is best known for enunciating in 1841 one of the original statements of the conservation of energy or what is now known as one of the first versions of the first law o... | Julius von Mayer | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,815 | [
"Thermodynamics",
"Thermodynamicists"
] |
585,143 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closed-form%20expression | In mathematics, an expression or equation is in closed form if it is formed with constants, variables and a finite set of basic functions connected by arithmetic operations (, and integer powers) and function composition. Commonly, the allowed functions are nth root, exponential function, logarithm, and trigonometric f... | Closed-form expression | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,871 | [
"Special functions",
"Algebra",
"Combinatorics"
] |
585,182 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9lix%20Gaillard | Félix Gaillard d'Aimé (;
5 November 1919 – 10 July 1970) was a French Radical politician who served as Prime Minister under the Fourth Republic from 1957 to 1958. He was the youngest head of a French government since Napoleon.
Career
A senior civil servant in the Inland Revenue Service, Gaillard joined the Resistance... | Félix Gaillard | [
"Chemistry"
] | 655 | [
"Deaths from explosion",
"Explosions"
] |
585,185 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical%20Abstracts%20Service | Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) is a division of the American Chemical Society. It is a source of chemical information and is located in Columbus, Ohio, United States.
Print periodicals
Chemical Abstracts is a periodical index that provides numerous tools such as SciFinder as well as tagged keywords, summaries, inde... | Chemical Abstracts Service | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,345 | [
"American Chemical Society",
"Chemical databases"
] |
585,226 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmography | The term cosmography has two distinct meanings: traditionally it has been the protoscience of mapping the general features of the cosmos, heaven and Earth; more recently, it has been used to describe the ongoing effort to determine the large-scale features of the observable universe.
Premodern views of cosmography can... | Cosmography | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 643 | [
"Astronomical sub-disciplines",
"Theoretical physics",
"Physical cosmology",
"Astrophysics"
] |
585,271 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfect%20group | In mathematics, more specifically in group theory, a group is said to be perfect if it equals its own commutator subgroup, or equivalently, if the group has no non-trivial abelian quotients.
Examples
The smallest (non-trivial) perfect group is the alternating group A5. More generally, any non-abelian simple group is ... | Perfect group | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,309 | [
"Mathematical structures",
"Properties of groups",
"Algebraic structures",
"Mathematical problems",
"Mathematical theorems",
"Lemmas"
] |
585,300 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Return%20merchandise%20authorization | A return merchandise authorization (RMA), return authorization (RA) or return goods authorization (RGA) is a part of the process of returning a product to receive a refund, replacement, or repair to which buyer and seller agree during the product's warranty period.
Reverse logistics
The issuance of an RMA/RGA is a ke... | Return merchandise authorization | [
"Technology"
] | 384 | [
"Computer law",
"Computing and society"
] |
585,308 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chroot | chroot is an operation on Unix and Unix-like operating systems that changes the apparent root directory for the current running process and its children. A program that is run in such a modified environment cannot name (and therefore normally cannot access) files outside the designated directory tree. The term "chroot"... | Chroot | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,848 | [
"Cybersecurity engineering",
"Computer security procedures"
] |
585,358 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic%20model%20kit | A plastic model kit, (plamo in Eastern influenced parlance), is a consumer-grade plastic scale model manufactured as a kit, primarily assembled by hobbyists, and intended primarily for display. A plastic model kit depicts various subjects, ranging from real life military and civilian vehicles to characters and machiner... | Plastic model kit | [
"Physics"
] | 3,343 | [
"Scale modeling"
] |
585,363 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanyo | is a Japanese electronics manufacturer founded in 1947 by Toshio Iue, the brother-in-law of Kōnosuke Matsushita, the founder of Matsushita Electric Industrial, now known as Panasonic. Iue left Matsushita Electric to start his own business, acquiring some of its equipment to produce bicycle generator lamps. In 1950, the... | Sanyo | [
"Engineering"
] | 3,198 | [
"Radio electronics",
"Photovoltaics manufacturers",
"Radio manufacturers",
"Engineering companies"
] |
585,388 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homology%20sphere | In algebraic topology, a homology sphere is an n-manifold X having the homology groups of an n-sphere, for some integer . That is,
and
for all other i.
Therefore X is a connected space, with one non-zero higher Betti number, namely, . It does not follow that X is simply connected, only that its fundamental grou... | Homology sphere | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,607 | [
"Topological spaces",
"Topology",
"Mathematical structures",
"Space (mathematics)"
] |
326,481 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irritation | Irritation, in biology and physiology, is a state of inflammation or painful reaction to allergy or cell-lining damage. A stimulus or agent which induces the state of irritation is an irritant. Irritants are typically thought of as chemical agents (for example phenol and capsaicin) but mechanical, thermal (heat), and r... | Irritation | [
"Biology"
] | 1,887 | [
"Physiology"
] |
326,483 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmagupta%E2%80%93Fibonacci%20identity | In algebra, the Brahmagupta–Fibonacci identity expresses the product of two sums of two squares as a sum of two squares in two different ways. Hence the set of all sums of two squares is closed under multiplication. Specifically, the identity says
For example,
The identity is also known as the Diophantus identity, a... | Brahmagupta–Fibonacci identity | [
"Mathematics"
] | 979 | [
"Mathematical identities",
"Squares in number theory",
"Number theory",
"Algebraic identities"
] |
326,533 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsey%20cardinal | In mathematics, a Ramsey cardinal is a certain kind of large cardinal number introduced by and named after Frank P. Ramsey, whose theorem, called Ramsey's theorem establishes that ω enjoys a certain property that Ramsey cardinals generalize to the uncountable case.
Let [κ]<ω denote the set of all finite subsets of κ... | Ramsey cardinal | [
"Mathematics"
] | 611 | [
"Mathematical objects",
"Infinity",
"Combinatorics",
"Large cardinals",
"Ramsey theory"
] |
326,540 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erd%C5%91s%20cardinal | In mathematics, an Erdős cardinal, also called a partition cardinal is a certain kind of large cardinal number introduced by .
A cardinal is called -Erdős if for every function , there is a set of order type that is homogeneous for . In the notation of the partition calculus, is -Erdős if
.
The existence of zero ... | Erdős cardinal | [
"Mathematics"
] | 272 | [
"Large cardinals",
"Mathematical objects",
"Infinity"
] |
326,545 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity%20delivery | Electricity delivery is the process that starts after generation of electricity in the power station, up to the use by the consumer.
The main processes in electricity delivery are, by order:
Transmission
Distribution
Retailing
See also
Electrical grid
Electricity supply
References
Electric power | Electricity delivery | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 50 | [
"Power (physics)",
"Electrical engineering",
"Electric power",
"Physical quantities"
] |
326,550 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subtle%20cardinal | In mathematics, subtle cardinals and ethereal cardinals are closely related kinds of large cardinal number.
A cardinal is called subtle if for every closed and unbounded and for every sequence of length such that for all (where is the th element), there exist , belonging to , with , such that .
A cardinal is ... | Subtle cardinal | [
"Mathematics"
] | 332 | [
"Large cardinals",
"Mathematical objects",
"Infinity"
] |
326,566 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concertina%20wire | Concertina wire or Dannert wire is a type of barbed wire or razor wire that is formed in large coils which can be expanded like a concertina. In conjunction with plain barbed wire (and/or razor wire/tape) and steel pickets, it is most often used to form military-style wire obstacles. It is also used in non-military set... | Concertina wire | [
"Engineering"
] | 974 | [
"Area denial weapons",
"Military engineering",
"Engineering barrages"
] |
326,634 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Value%20engineering | Value engineering (VE) is a systematic analysis of the functions of various components and materials to lower the cost of goods, products and services with a tolerable loss of performance or functionality. Value, as defined, is the ratio of function to cost. Value can therefore be manipulated by either improving the fu... | Value engineering | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,617 | [
"Cost engineering",
"Design",
"Industrial engineering",
"Design for X"
] |
326,647 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential%20amplifier | A differential amplifier is a type of electronic amplifier that amplifies the difference between two input voltages but suppresses any voltage common to the two inputs. It is an analog circuit with two inputs and and one output , in which the output is ideally proportional to the difference between the two voltages:
... | Differential amplifier | [
"Technology"
] | 3,797 | [
"Electronic amplifiers",
"Amplifiers"
] |
326,696 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayer%20process | The Bayer process is the principal industrial means of refining bauxite to produce alumina (aluminium oxide) and was developed by Carl Josef Bayer. Bauxite, the most important ore of aluminium, contains only 30–60% aluminium oxide (Al2O3), the rest being a mixture of silica, various iron oxides, and titanium dioxide. ... | Bayer process | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 1,743 | [
"Metallurgical processes",
"Metallurgy",
"Chemical processes",
"nan",
"Chemical process engineering"
] |
326,707 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein%20kinase%20A | In cell biology, protein kinase A (PKA) is a family of serine-threonine kinase whose activity is dependent on cellular levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP). PKA is also known as cAMP-dependent protein kinase (). PKA has several functions in the cell, including regulation of glycogen, sugar, and lipid metabolism. It should not b... | Protein kinase A | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 2,722 | [
"Biochemistry",
"Neurochemistry",
"Signal transduction"
] |
326,762 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inline%20linking | Inline linking (also known as hotlinking, piggy-backing, direct linking, offsite image grabs, bandwidth theft, and leeching) is the use of a linked object, often an image, on one site by a web page belonging to a second site. One site is said to have an inline link to the other site where the object is located.
Inlin... | Inline linking | [
"Technology"
] | 1,751 | [
"Computing terminology",
"Internet ethics",
"Internet terminology",
"Ethics of science and technology"
] |
326,776 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online%20service%20provider | An online service provider (OSP) can, for example, be an Internet service provider, an email provider, a news provider (press), an entertainment provider (music, movies), a search engine, an e-commerce site, an online banking site, a health site, an official government site, social media, a wiki, or a Usenet newsgroup... | Online service provider | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 2,113 | [
"Network access",
"Information systems",
"Electronic engineering",
"Computing and society",
"Computer-mediated communication"
] |
326,789 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chondrostei | Chondrostei is a group of non-neopterygian ray-finned fish. While the term originally referred to the paraphyletic grouping of all non-neopterygian ray-finned fish, it was redefined by Patterson in 1982 to be a clade comprising the Acipenseriformes (which includes sturgeon and paddlefish) and their extinct relatives.
... | Chondrostei | [
"Biology"
] | 332 | [
"Phylogenetics",
"Paraphyletic groups"
] |
326,821 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appliance%20plug | An appliance plug is a three-conductor power connector originally developed for kettles, toasters and similar small appliances. It was common in the United Kingdom, New Zealand, Australia, Germany, the Netherlands and Sweden.
It has largely been made obsolete and replaced by IEC 60320 C15 and C16 connectors, or propri... | Appliance plug | [
"Physics",
"Technology"
] | 411 | [
"Physical systems",
"Machines",
"Home appliances"
] |
326,971 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluid%20ounce | A fluid ounce (abbreviated fl oz, fl. oz. or oz. fl., old forms ℥, fl ℥, f℥, ƒ ℥) is a unit of volume (also called capacity) typically used for measuring liquids. The British Imperial, the United States customary, and the United States food labeling fluid ounce are the three that are still in common use, although vario... | Fluid ounce | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,221 | [
"Units of volume",
"Quantity",
"Units of measurement"
] |
327,003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chebyshev%20filter | Chebyshev filters are analog or digital filters that have a steeper roll-off than Butterworth filters, and have either passband ripple (type I) or stopband ripple (type II). Chebyshev filters have the property that they minimize the error between the idealized and the actual filter characteristic over the operating fre... | Chebyshev filter | [
"Engineering"
] | 7,247 | [
"Electronic design",
"Electronic engineering",
"Design"
] |
327,054 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web%20syndication | Web syndication is making content available from one website to other sites. Most commonly, websites are made available to provide either summaries or full renditions of a website's recently added content. The term may also describe other kinds of content licensing for reuse.
Motivation
For the subscribing sites, synd... | Web syndication | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,226 | [
"Software engineering",
"Web development"
] |
327,121 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quicksilver%20%28novel%29 | Quicksilver is a historical novel by Neal Stephenson, published in 2003. It is the first volume of The Baroque Cycle, his late Baroque historical fiction series, succeeded by The Confusion and The System of the World (both published in 2004). Quicksilver won the Arthur C. Clarke Award and was nominated for the Locus A... | Quicksilver (novel) | [
"Astronomy"
] | 6,007 | [
"Cultural depictions of Isaac Newton",
"Cultural depictions of astronomers"
] |
327,393 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decagon | In geometry, a decagon (from the Greek δέκα déka and γωνία gonía, "ten angles") is a ten-sided polygon or 10-gon. The total sum of the interior angles of a simple decagon is 1440°.
Regular decagon
A regular decagon has all sides of equal length and each internal angle will always be equal to 144°. Its Schläfli symbol ... | Decagon | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,505 | [
"Constructible polygons",
"Planes (geometry)",
"Euclidean plane geometry"
] |
327,443 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compassion | Compassion is a social feeling that motivates people to go out of their way to relieve the physical, mental, or emotional pains of others and themselves. Compassion is sensitivity to the emotional aspects of the suffering of others. When based on notions such as fairness, justice, and interdependence, it may be conside... | Compassion | [
"Biology"
] | 6,132 | [
"Behavior",
"Human behavior",
"Kindness"
] |
327,511 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical%20efficiency | The efficiency of a system in electronics and electrical engineering is defined as useful power output divided by the total electrical power consumed (a fractional expression), typically denoted by the Greek small letter eta (η – ήτα).
If energy output and input are expressed in the same units, efficiency is a dimen... | Electrical efficiency | [
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 767 | [
"Electrical engineering",
"Energy economics",
"Environmental social science"
] |
327,567 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Versatile%20Real-Time%20Executive | Versatile Real-Time Executive (VRTX) is a real-time operating system (RTOS) developed and marketed by the company Mentor Graphics. VRTX is suitable for both traditional board-based embedded systems and system on a chip (SoC) architectures. It has been superseded by the Nucleus RTOS.
History
The VRTX operating system b... | Versatile Real-Time Executive | [
"Technology"
] | 784 | [
"Real-time computing",
"Real-time operating systems"
] |
327,601 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sybian | A Sybian (), or Sybian saddle, is a type of masturbation device, consisting of a hollow saddle-like seat containing two electric motors, motor speed controller boards, gearing, pulleys, and a platform on cranked axles such that a ridge on the top of the unit can be made to vibrate through a range of speeds as set using... | Sybian | [
"Physics",
"Technology"
] | 779 | [
"Physical systems",
"Machines",
"Machine sex"
] |
327,612 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RadioShack | RadioShack (formerly written as Radio Shack) is an American electronics retailer that was established in 1921 as an amateur radio mail-order business. Its original parent company, Radio Shack Corporation, was purchased by Tandy Corporation in 1962, shifting its focus from radio equipment to hobbyist electronic componen... | RadioShack | [
"Engineering"
] | 10,629 | [
"Radio electronics",
"Radio manufacturers"
] |
327,744 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MSX%20BASIC | MSX BASIC is a dialect of the BASIC programming language. It is an extended version of Microsoft's MBASIC Version 4.5, adding support for graphic, music, and various peripherals attached to MSX microcomputers. Generally, MSX BASIC is designed to follow GW-BASIC, released the same year for IBM PCs and clones. During the... | MSX BASIC | [
"Technology"
] | 1,259 | [
"Computing platforms",
"MSX-DOS"
] |
327,799 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content-addressable%20memory | Content-addressable memory (CAM) is a special type of computer memory used in certain very-high-speed searching applications. It is also known as associative memory or associative storage and compares input search data against a table of stored data, and returns the address of matching data.
CAM is frequently used in... | Content-addressable memory | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 1,550 | [
"Computer networking",
"Computer science",
"Computer engineering"
] |
327,817 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaseya%20Center | Kaseya Center (Pat Riley Court at Kaseya Center) is a multi-purpose arena on Biscayne Bay in Miami, Florida. The arena is home to the Miami Heat of the National Basketball Association. The arena was previously named American Airlines Arena from opening in 1999 until 2021, FTX Arena from 2021 until 2023 following the ba... | Kaseya Center | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,961 | [
"Building engineering",
"Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design certified buildings"
] |
327,893 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isoflurane | Isoflurane, sold under the brand name Forane among others, is a general anesthetic. It can be used to start or maintain anesthesia; however, other medications are often used to start anesthesia, due to airway irritation with isoflurane. Isoflurane is given via inhalation.
Side effects of isoflurane include a decreased... | Isoflurane | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,067 | [
"Organic compounds",
"Functional groups",
"Ethers"
] |
327,896 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevoflurane | Sevoflurane, sold under the brand name Sevorane, among others, is a sweet-smelling, nonflammable, highly fluorinated methyl isopropyl ether used as an inhalational anaesthetic for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. After desflurane, it is the volatile anesthetic with the fastest onset. While its offset ma... | Sevoflurane | [
"Chemistry",
"Environmental_science"
] | 1,423 | [
"Environmental chemistry",
"Functional groups",
"Organic compounds",
"Ethers",
"Greenhouse gases"
] |
327,940 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleoethnobotany | Paleoethnobotany (also spelled palaeoethnobotany), or archaeobotany, is the study of past human-plant interactions through the recovery and analysis of ancient plant remains. Both terms are synonymous, though paleoethnobotany (from the Greek words palaios [παλαιός] meaning ancient, ethnos [έθνος] meaning race or ethnic... | Paleoethnobotany | [
"Biology"
] | 4,791 | [
"Branches of botany"
] |
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