id
stringlengths
2
8
url
stringlengths
31
117
title
stringlengths
1
71
text
stringlengths
153
118k
topic
stringclasses
4 values
section
stringlengths
4
49
sublist
stringclasses
9 values
293667
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesothelae
Mesothelae
The Mesothelae are a suborder of spiders (order Araneae). , two extant families were accepted by the World Spider Catalog, Liphistiidae and Heptathelidae. Alternatively, the Heptathelidae can be treated as a subfamily of a more broadly circumscribed Liphistiidae. There are also a number of extinct families. This subor...
Biology and health sciences
Spiders
Animals
503201
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring-tailed%20lemur
Ring-tailed lemur
The ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta) is a medium- to larger-sized strepsirrhine (wet-nosed) primate and the most internationally recognized lemur species, owing to its long, black-and-white, ringed tail. It belongs to Lemuridae, one of five lemur families, and is the only member of the Lemur genus. Like all lemurs, it i...
Biology and health sciences
Strepsirrhini
Animals
503782
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptococcus%20pneumoniae
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Streptococcus pneumoniae, or pneumococcus, is a Gram-positive, spherical bacteria, alpha-hemolytic member of the genus Streptococcus. S. pneumoniae cells are usually found in pairs (diplococci) and do not form spores and are non motile. As a significant human pathogenic bacterium S. pneumoniae was recognized as a majo...
Biology and health sciences
Gram-positive bacteria
Plants
503839
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semnopithecus
Semnopithecus
Semnopithecus is a genus of Old World monkeys native to the Indian subcontinent, with all species with the exception of two being commonly known as gray langurs. Traditionally only the species Semnopithecus entellus was recognized, but since about 2001 additional species have been recognized. The taxonomy has been in ...
Biology and health sciences
Old World monkeys
Animals
503948
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elasmotherium
Elasmotherium
Elasmotherium is an extinct genus of large rhinoceros that lived in Eastern Europe, Central Asia and East Asia during Late Miocene through to the Late Pleistocene, with the youngest reliable dates of at least 39,000 years ago. It was the last surviving member of Elasmotheriinae, a distinctive group of rhinoceroses sep...
Biology and health sciences
Perissodactyla
Animals
504290
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrace%20%28earthworks%29
Terrace (earthworks)
A terrace in agriculture is a flat surface that has been cut into hills or mountains to provide areas for the cultivation for crops, as a method of more effective farming. Terrace agriculture or cultivation is when these platforms are created successively down the terrain in a pattern that resembles the steps of a stai...
Technology
Buildings and infrastructure
null
849619
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mastiff
Mastiff
A mastiff is a large and powerful type of dog. Mastiffs are among the largest dogs, and typically have a short coat, a long low-set tail and large feet; the skull is large and bulky, the muzzle broad and short (brachycephalic) and the ears drooping and pendant-shaped. European and Asian records dating back 3,000 years ...
Biology and health sciences
Dogs
null
849815
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler%20space%20telescope
Kepler space telescope
The Kepler space telescope is a defunct space telescope launched by NASA in 2009 to discover Earth-sized planets orbiting other stars. Named after astronomer Johannes Kepler, the spacecraft was launched into an Earth-trailing heliocentric orbit. The principal investigator was William J. Borucki. After nine and a half y...
Technology
Space-based observatories
null
850048
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas%20lighting
Gas lighting
Gas lighting is the production of artificial light from combustion of a fuel gas such as methane, propane, butane, acetylene, ethylene, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, coal gas (town gas) or natural gas. The light is produced either directly by the flame, generally by using special mixes (typically propane or butane) of il...
Technology
Lighting
null
851297
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seed%20drill
Seed drill
A seed drill is a device used in agriculture that sows seeds for crops by positioning them in the soil and burying them to a specific depth while being dragged by a tractor. This ensures that seeds will be distributed evenly. The seed drill sows the seeds at the proper seeding rate and depth, ensuring that the seeds a...
Technology
Farm and garden machinery
null
851586
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Therizinosaurus
Therizinosaurus
Therizinosaurus (; meaning 'scythe lizard') is a genus of very large therizinosaurid that lived in Asia during the Late Cretaceous period in what is now the Nemegt Formation around 70 million years ago. It contains a single species, Therizinosaurus cheloniformis. The first remains of Therizinosaurus were found in 1948 ...
Biology and health sciences
Theropods
Animals
851640
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helianthus
Helianthus
Helianthus () is a genus comprising around 70 species of annual and perennial flowering plants in the daisy family Asteraceae commonly known as sunflowers. Except for three South American species, the species of Helianthus are native to North America and Central America. The best-known species is the common sunflower (...
Biology and health sciences
Asterales
null
851716
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tugtupite
Tugtupite
Tugtupite is a beryllium aluminium tectosilicate. It also contains sodium and chlorine and has the formula Na4AlBeSi4O12Cl. Tugtupite is a member of the silica-deficient feldspathoid mineral group. It occurs in high alkali intrusive igneous rocks. Tugtupite is tenebrescent, sharing much of its crystal structure with s...
Physical sciences
Silicate minerals
Earth science
851852
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curry%20tree
Curry tree
The curry tree or Bergera koenigii (syn. Murraya koenigii), is a tropical and sub-tropical tree in the family Rutaceae (the rue family, which includes rue, citrus, and satinwood), native to Asia. The plant is also sometimes called sweet neem, though M. koenigii is in a different family from neem, Azadirachta indica, wh...
Biology and health sciences
Herbs and spices
Plants
851965
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pumping%20station
Pumping station
Pumping stations, also called pumphouses, are public utility buildings containing pumps and equipment for pumping fluids from one place to another. They are critical in a variety of infrastructure systems, such as water supply, drainage of low-lying land, canals and removal of sewage to processing sites. A pumping stat...
Technology
Food, water and health
null
852063
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campanulaceae
Campanulaceae
The family Campanulaceae (also bellflower family), of the order Asterales, contains nearly 2400 species in 84 genera of herbaceous plants, shrubs, and rarely small trees, often with milky sap. Among them are several familiar garden plants belonging to the genera Campanula (bellflower), Lobelia, and Platycodon (balloon...
Biology and health sciences
Asterales
null
852089
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational%20time%20dilation
Gravitational time dilation
Gravitational time dilation is a form of time dilation, an actual difference of elapsed time between two events, as measured by observers situated at varying distances from a gravitating mass. The lower the gravitational potential (the closer the clock is to the source of gravitation), the slower time passes, speeding ...
Physical sciences
Theory of relativity
Physics
24044333
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfate%20mineral
Sulfate mineral
The sulfate minerals are a class of minerals that include the sulfate ion () within their structure. The sulfate minerals occur commonly in primary evaporite depositional environments, as gangue minerals in hydrothermal veins and as secondary minerals in the oxidizing zone of sulfide mineral deposits. The chromate and ...
Physical sciences
Minerals
Earth science
1307896
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemically%20peculiar%20star
Chemically peculiar star
In astrophysics, chemically peculiar stars (CP stars) are stars with distinctly unusual metal abundances, at least in their surface layers. Classification Chemically peculiar stars are common among hot main-sequence (hydrogen-burning) stars. These hot peculiar stars have been divided into 4 main classes on the basis o...
Physical sciences
Stellar astronomy
Astronomy
1309936
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron%28II%2CIII%29%20oxide
Iron(II,III) oxide
Iron(II,III) oxide, or black iron oxide, is the chemical compound with formula Fe3O4. It occurs in nature as the mineral magnetite. It is one of a number of iron oxides, the others being iron(II) oxide (FeO), which is rare, and iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3) which also occurs naturally as the mineral hematite. It contains bot...
Physical sciences
Oxide salts
Chemistry
1310829
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilish
Ilish
The ilish (Tenualosa ilisha) (), also known as the ilishi, hilsa fish, hilsa herring or hilsa shad, is a species of fish related to the herring, in the family Clupeidae. It is a very popular and sought-after food in the Bengali region, and is the national fish of Bangladesh and state fish of the Indian state of West Be...
Biology and health sciences
Clupeiformes
null
138789
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flintlock
Flintlock
Flintlock is a general term for any firearm that uses a flint-striking ignition mechanism, the first of which appeared in Western Europe in the early 16th century. The term may also apply to a particular form of the mechanism itself, also known as the true flintlock, that was introduced in the early 17th century, and g...
Technology
Mechanisms_2
null
139114
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defensive%20wall
Defensive wall
A defensive wall is a fortification usually used to protect a city, town or other settlement from potential aggressors. The walls can range from simple palisades or earthworks to extensive military fortifications such as curtain walls with towers, bastions and gates for access to the city. From ancient to modern times,...
Technology
Fortification
null
139410
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homological%20algebra
Homological algebra
Homological algebra is the branch of mathematics that studies homology in a general algebraic setting. It is a relatively young discipline, whose origins can be traced to investigations in combinatorial topology (a precursor to algebraic topology) and abstract algebra (theory of modules and syzygies) at the end of the ...
Mathematics
Algebra
null
18783051
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Late%20Pleistocene%20extinctions
Late Pleistocene extinctions
The Late Pleistocene to the beginning of the Holocene saw the extinction of the majority of the world's megafauna (typically defined as animal species having body masses over ), which resulted in a collapse in faunal density and diversity across the globe. The extinctions during the Late Pleistocene are differentiated ...
Physical sciences
Events
Earth science
18787752
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baurusuchidae
Baurusuchidae
Baurusuchidae is a Gondwanan family of mesoeucrocodylians that lived during the Late Cretaceous. It is a group of terrestrial hypercarnivorous crocodilians from South America (Argentina and Brazil) and possibly Pakistan. Baurusuchidae has been, in accordance with the PhyloCode, officially defined as the least inclusive...
Biology and health sciences
Prehistoric crocodiles
Animals
4927505
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular%20graphics
Molecular graphics
Molecular graphics is the discipline and philosophy of studying molecules and their properties through graphical representation. IUPAC limits the definition to representations on a "graphical display device". Ever since Dalton's atoms and Kekulé's benzene, there has been a rich history of hand-drawn atoms and molecules...
Physical sciences
Substance
Chemistry
4930033
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stationary%20state
Stationary state
A stationary state is a quantum state with all observables independent of time. It is an eigenvector of the energy operator (instead of a quantum superposition of different energies). It is also called energy eigenvector, energy eigenstate, energy eigenfunction, or energy eigenket. It is very similar to the concept of ...
Physical sciences
Quantum mechanics
Physics
4932111
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitor
Capacitor
In electrical engineering, a capacitor is a device that stores electrical energy by accumulating electric charges on two closely spaced surfaces that are insulated from each other. The capacitor was originally known as the condenser, a term still encountered in a few compound names, such as the condenser microphone. It...
Technology
Components
null
2679845
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test%20particle
Test particle
In physical theories, a test particle, or test charge, is an idealized model of an object whose physical properties (usually mass, charge, or size) are assumed to be negligible except for the property being studied, which is considered to be insufficient to alter the behaviour of the rest of the system. The concept of ...
Physical sciences
Basics_4
Physics
2679981
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image%20file%20format
Image file format
An image file format is a file format for a digital image. There are many formats that can be used, such as JPEG, PNG, and GIF. Most formats up until 2022 were for storing 2D images, not 3D ones. The data stored in an image file format may be compressed or uncompressed. If the data is compressed, it may be done so usin...
Technology
File formats
null
2681004
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blesmol
Blesmol
The blesmols, also known as mole-rats, or African mole-rats, are burrowing rodents of the family Bathyergidae. They represent a distinct evolution of a subterranean life among rodents much like the pocket gophers of North America, the tuco-tucos in South America, and the Spalacidae from Eurasia. Distribution Modern ...
Biology and health sciences
Rodents
Animals
2681885
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ursid%20hybrid
Ursid hybrid
An ursid hybrid is an animal with parents from two different species or subspecies of the bear family (Ursidae). Species and subspecies of bear known to have produced offspring with another bear species or subspecies include American black bears, grizzly bears, and polar bears, all of which are members of the genus Urs...
Biology and health sciences
Hybrids
Animals
2682758
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hylonomus
Hylonomus
Hylonomus (; hylo- "forest" + nomos "dweller") is an extinct genus of reptile that lived during the Bashkirian stage of the Late Carboniferous. It is the earliest known crown group amniote and the oldest known unquestionable reptile, with the only known species being Hylonomus lyelli. Despite being amongst the oldest ...
Biology and health sciences
Other prehistoric reptiles
Animals
2683080
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halobacterium
Halobacterium
Halobacterium (common abbreviation Hbt.) is a genus in the family Halobacteriaceae. The genus Halobacterium ("salt" or "ocean bacterium") consists of several species of Archaea with an aerobic metabolism which requires an environment with a high concentration of salt; many of their proteins will not function in low-sa...
Biology and health sciences
Archaea
Plants
2683414
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perseus%20Cluster
Perseus Cluster
The Perseus cluster (Abell 426) is a cluster of galaxies in the constellation Perseus. It has a recession speed of 5,366 km/s and a diameter of 863. It is one of the most massive objects in the known universe, containing thousands of galaxies immersed in a vast cloud of multimillion-degree gas. X-radiation from the cl...
Physical sciences
Notable galaxy clusters
Astronomy
25432202
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butane
Butane
Butane () is an alkane with the formula C4H10. Butane exists as two isomers, n-butane with connectivity and iso-butane with the formula . Both isomers are highly flammable, colorless, easily liquefied gases that quickly vaporize at room temperature and pressure. Butanes are a trace components of natural gases (NG gas...
Physical sciences
Hydrocarbons
null
3640328
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceratophryidae
Ceratophryidae
The Ceratophryidae, also known as common horned frogs, are a family of frogs found in South America. It is a relatively small family with three extant genera and 12 species. Despite the common name, not all species in the family have the horn-like projections at the eyes. They have a relatively large head with big mout...
Biology and health sciences
Frogs and toads
Animals
3642692
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulmus%20pumila
Ulmus pumila
Ulmus pumila, the Siberian elm, is a tree native to Asia. It is also known as the Asiatic elm and dwarf elm, but sometimes miscalled the 'Chinese elm' (Ulmus parvifolia). U. pumila has been widely cultivated throughout Asia, North America, Argentina, and southern Europe, becoming naturalized in many places, notably acr...
Biology and health sciences
Rosales
Plants
6473036
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleaner%20shrimp
Cleaner shrimp
Cleaner shrimp is a common name for a number of swimming decapod crustaceans that clean other organisms of parasites. Most are found in the families Hippolytidae (including the Pacific cleaner shrimp, Lysmata amboinensis) and Palaemonidae (including the spotted Periclimenes magnificus), though the families Alpheidae, P...
Biology and health sciences
Shrimps and prawns
Animals
1935605
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micropropagation
Micropropagation
Micropropagation or tissue culture is the practice of rapidly multiplying plant stock material to produce many progeny plants, using modern plant tissue culture methods. Micropropagation is used to multiply a wide variety of plants, such as those that have been genetically modified or bred through conventional plant b...
Technology
Biotechnology
null
1935740
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extremely%20Large%20Telescope
Extremely Large Telescope
The Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) is an astronomical observatory under construction. When completed, it will be the world's largest optical and near-infrared extremely large telescope. Part of the European Southern Observatory (ESO) agency, it is located on top of Cerro Armazones in the Atacama Desert of northern Chi...
Technology
Ground-based observatories
null
1936648
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bathypterois%20grallator
Bathypterois grallator
The tripod fish or tripod spiderfish, Bathypterois grallator, is a deep-sea benthic fish in the family Ipnopidae found at lower latitudes. It is now relatively well known from photographs and submersible observations, and seems to prefer to perch on the ooze using very elongated fin rays in the tail and two pelvic fins...
Biology and health sciences
Aulopiformes
Animals
1937145
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%20wave
S wave
In seismology and other areas involving elastic waves, S waves, secondary waves, or shear waves (sometimes called elastic S waves) are a type of elastic wave and are one of the two main types of elastic body waves, so named because they move through the body of an object, unlike surface waves. S waves are transverse...
Physical sciences
Seismology
Earth science
1937731
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports%20motorcycle
Sports motorcycle
A sports motorcycle, sports bike, or sport bike is a motorcycle designed and optimized for speed, acceleration, braking, and cornering on asphalt concrete race tracks and roads. They are mainly designed for performance at the expense of comfort, fuel economy, safety, noise reduction and storage in comparison with other...
Technology
Motorized road transport
null
1939119
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuttle%20%28weaving%29
Shuttle (weaving)
A shuttle is a tool designed to neatly and compactly store a holder that carries the thread of the weft yarn while weaving with a loom. Shuttles are thrown or passed back and forth through the shed, between the yarn threads of the warp in order to weave in the weft. The simplest shuttles, known as "stick shuttles", ar...
Technology
Weaving
null
13096524
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guano
Guano
Guano (Spanish from ) is the accumulated excrement of seabirds or bats. Guano is a highly effective fertilizer due to the high content of nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium, all key nutrients essential for plant growth. Guano was also, to a lesser extent, sought for the production of gunpowder and other explosive mater...
Technology
Agronomical techniques
null
25439126
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulva
Vulva
In mammals, the vulva (: vulvas or vulvae) comprises mostly external, visible structures of the female genitalia leading into the interior of the female reproductive tract. For humans, it includes the mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, vestibule, urinary meatus, vaginal introitus, hymen, and openings of ...
Biology and health sciences
Human anatomy
Health
25441497
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stokes%27%20theorem
Stokes' theorem
Stokes' theorem, also known as the Kelvin–Stokes theorem after Lord Kelvin and George Stokes, the fundamental theorem for curls, or simply the curl theorem, is a theorem in vector calculus on . Given a vector field, the theorem relates the integral of the curl of the vector field over some surface, to the line integral...
Mathematics
Multivariable and vector calculus
null
26924511
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wedgefish
Wedgefish
Wedgefishes are rays of the family Rhinidae, comprising eleven species in three genera. Classified in the order Rhinopristiformes along with guitarfishes and sawfishes, they have also been known as giant guitarfishes or sharkfin guitarfishes. Taxonomy Rhina Bloch & Schneider, 1801 Rhina ancylostoma Bloch & Schneider...
Biology and health sciences
Batoidea
Animals
21051888
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parrot
Parrot
Parrots (Psittaciformes), also known as psittacines (), are birds with a strong curved beak, upright stance, and clawed feet. They are classified in four families that contain roughly 410 species in 101 genera, found mostly in tropical and subtropical regions. The four families are the Psittaculidae (Old World parrots)...
Biology and health sciences
Psittaciformes
null
21053528
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhoid%20vaccine
Typhoid vaccine
Typhoid vaccines are vaccines that prevent typhoid fever. Several types are widely available: typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV), Ty21a (a live oral vaccine) and Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine (ViPS) (an injectable subunit vaccine). They are about 30 to 70% effective in the first two years, depending on the specific v...
Biology and health sciences
Vaccines
Health
21053569
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow%20fever%20vaccine
Yellow fever vaccine
Yellow fever vaccine is a vaccine that protects against yellow fever. Yellow fever is a viral infection that occurs in Africa and South America. Most people begin to develop immunity within ten days of vaccination and 99% are protected within one month, and this appears to be lifelong. The vaccine can be used to contr...
Biology and health sciences
Vaccines
Health
21054623
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosquito-borne%20disease
Mosquito-borne disease
Mosquito-borne diseases or mosquito-borne illnesses are diseases caused by bacteria, viruses or parasites transmitted by mosquitoes. Nearly 700 million people contract mosquito-borne illnesses each year, resulting in more than a million deaths. Diseases transmitted by mosquitoes include malaria, dengue, West Nile viru...
Biology and health sciences
Concepts
Health
27290438
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomathematics
Geomathematics
Geomathematics (also: mathematical geosciences, mathematical geology, mathematical geophysics) is the application of mathematical methods to solve problems in geosciences, including geology and geophysics, and particularly geodynamics and seismology. Applications Geophysical fluid dynamics Geophysical fluid dynamics...
Physical sciences
Geophysics
Earth science
27294985
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andean%20orogeny
Andean orogeny
The Andean orogeny () is an ongoing process of orogeny that began in the Early Jurassic and is responsible for the rise of the Andes mountains. The orogeny is driven by a reactivation of a long-lived subduction system along the western margin of South America. On a continental scale the Cretaceous (90 Ma) and Oligocene...
Physical sciences
Geologic features
Earth science
27298083
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neanderthal
Neanderthal
Neanderthals ( ; Homo neanderthalensis or H. sapiens neanderthalensis) are an extinct group of archaic humans (generally regarded as a distinct species, though some regard it as a subspecies of Homo sapiens) who lived in Eurasia until about 40,000 years ago. The type specimen, Neanderthal 1, was found in 1856 in the N...
Biology and health sciences
Evolution
null
6474767
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freundlich%20equation
Freundlich equation
The Freundlich equation or Freundlich adsorption isotherm, an adsorption isotherm, is an empirical relationship between the quantity of a gas adsorbed into a solid surface and the gas pressure. The same relationship is also applicable for the concentration of a solute adsorbed onto the surface of a solid and the concen...
Physical sciences
Other separations
Chemistry
8443731
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorapatite
Fluorapatite
Fluorapatite, often with the alternate spelling of fluoroapatite, is a phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3F (calcium fluorophosphate). Fluorapatite is a hard crystalline solid. Although samples can have various color (green, brown, blue, yellow, violet, or colorless), the pure mineral is colorless, as expecte...
Physical sciences
Minerals
Earth science
8447393
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligand%20cone%20angle
Ligand cone angle
In coordination chemistry, the ligand cone angle (θ) is a measure of the steric bulk of a ligand in a transition metal coordination complex. It is defined as the solid angle formed with the metal at the vertex of a cone and the outermost edge of the van der Waals spheres of the ligand atoms at the perimeter of the base...
Physical sciences
Bond structure
Chemistry
1313540
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lar%20gibbon
Lar gibbon
The lar gibbon (Hylobates lar), also known as the white-handed gibbon, is an endangered primate in the gibbon family, Hylobatidae. It is one of the better-known gibbons and is often kept in captivity. Taxonomy There are five subspecies of lar gibbon: Malaysian lar gibbon (H. l. lar) Carpenter's lar gibbon (H. l. c...
Biology and health sciences
Apes
Animals
1315218
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local%20Interstellar%20Cloud
Local Interstellar Cloud
The Local Interstellar Cloud (LIC), also known as the Local Fluff, is an interstellar cloud roughly across, through which the Solar System is moving. This feature overlaps with a region around the Sun referred to as the solar neighborhood. It is unknown whether the Sun is embedded in the Local Interstellar Cloud, or i...
Physical sciences
Notable patches of universe
Astronomy
1315693
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giant%20armadillo
Giant armadillo
The giant armadillo (Priodontes maximus), colloquially tatu-canastra, tatou, ocarro or tatú carreta, is the largest living species of armadillo (although their extinct relatives, the glyptodonts, were much larger). It lives in South America, ranging throughout as far south as northern Argentina. This species is consid...
Biology and health sciences
Xenarthra
Animals
1317242
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrium%20%28heart%29
Atrium (heart)
The atrium (; : atria) is one of the two upper chambers in the heart that receives blood from the circulatory system. The blood in the atria is pumped into the heart ventricles through the atrioventricular mitral and tricuspid heart valves. There are two atria in the human heart – the left atrium receives blood from t...
Biology and health sciences
Circulatory system
Biology
24063078
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisces%E2%80%93Cetus%20Supercluster%20Complex
Pisces–Cetus Supercluster Complex
The Pisces–Cetus Supercluster Complex is a galaxy filament. It includes the Laniakea Supercluster which contains the Virgo Supercluster lobe which in turn contains the Local Group, the galaxy cluster that includes the Milky Way. This filament is adjacent to the Perseus–Pegasus Filament. Astronomer R. Brent Tully of th...
Physical sciences
Notable galaxy clusters
Astronomy
853682
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltica
Baltica
Baltica is a paleocontinent that formed in the Paleoproterozoic and now constitutes northwestern Eurasia, or Europe north of the Trans-European Suture Zone and west of the Ural Mountains. The thick core of Baltica, the East European Craton, is more than three billion years old and formed part of the Rodinia supercontin...
Physical sciences
Paleogeography
Earth science
853756
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trailer%20%28vehicle%29
Trailer (vehicle)
A trailer is an unpowered vehicle towed by a powered vehicle. It is commonly used for the transport of goods and materials.There are two general categories of trailers: the full trailer and the semitrailer. A full trailer is a type of trailer whose entire weight is supported by its own wheels, with no weight transferre...
Technology
Motorized road transport
null
854063
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantharellus%20cibarius
Cantharellus cibarius
Cantharellus cibarius (Latin: cantharellus, "chanterelle"; cibarius, "culinary") is the golden chanterelle, the type species of the chanterelle genus Cantharellus. It is also known as girolle (or girole). Despite its characteristic features, C. cibarius can be confused with species such as the poisonous Omphalotus ill...
Biology and health sciences
Edible fungi
Plants
854127
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morchella%20esculenta
Morchella esculenta
Morchella esculenta (commonly known as common morel, morel, yellow morel, true morel, morel mushroom, and sponge morel) is a species of fungus in the family Morchellaceae of the Ascomycota. It is one of the most readily recognized of all the edible mushrooms and highly sought after. Each fruit body begins as a tightly ...
Biology and health sciences
Edible fungi
Plants
854294
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA%20repair
DNA repair
DNA repair is a collection of processes by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to the DNA molecules that encode its genome. In human cells, both normal metabolic activities and environmental factors such as radiation can cause DNA damage, resulting in tens of thousands of individual molecular lesions per cell p...
Biology and health sciences
Molecular biology
Biology
854453
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grazing
Grazing
In agriculture, grazing is a method of animal husbandry whereby domestic livestock are allowed outdoors to free range (roam around) and consume wild vegetations in order to convert the otherwise indigestible (by human gut) cellulose within grass and other forages into meat, milk, wool and other animal products, often o...
Biology and health sciences
Ethology
null
854468
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simmental%20cattle
Simmental cattle
The Simmental or Swiss Fleckvieh is a Swiss breed of dual-purpose cattle. It is named after the Simmental – the valley of the Simme river – in the Bernese Oberland, in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. The breed is typically reddish in colour with white markings, and is raised for both milk and meat. History Europea...
Biology and health sciences
Cattle
Animals
854790
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleoceras
Teleoceras
Teleoceras (Greek: "perfect" (teleos), "horn" (keratos)) is an extinct genus of rhinocerotid. It lived in North America during the Miocene and Pliocene epochs during the Hemingfordian to the end of Hemphillian from around 17.5 to 4.9 million years ago. It grew up to lengths of long. Teleoceras went extinct in North A...
Biology and health sciences
Perissodactyla
Animals
855297
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pest%20control
Pest control
Pest control is the regulation or management of a species defined as a pest; such as any animal, plant or fungus that impacts adversely on human activities or environment. The human response depends on the importance of the damage done and will range from tolerance, through deterrence and management, to attempts to com...
Technology
Pest and disease control
null
855383
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dik-dik
Dik-dik
A dik-dik is the name for any of four species of small antelope in the genus Madoqua, which live in the bushlands of eastern and southern Africa. Dik-diks stand about at the shoulder, are long, weigh and can live for up to 10 years. Dik-diks are named for the alarm calls of the females. In addition to the females' ...
Biology and health sciences
Bovidae
Animals
855555
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrofluorocarbon
Hydrofluorocarbon
Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) are synthetic organic compounds that contain fluorine and hydrogen atoms, and are the most common type of organofluorine compounds. Most are gases at room temperature and pressure. They are frequently used in air conditioning and as refrigerants; R-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane) is one of th...
Physical sciences
Halocarbons
Chemistry
855850
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extrusion
Extrusion
Extrusion is a process used to create objects of a fixed cross-sectional profile by pushing material through a die of the desired cross-section. Its two main advantages over other manufacturing processes are its ability to create very complex cross-sections; and to work materials that are brittle, because the material ...
Technology
Metallurgy
null
856544
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methyl%20salicylate
Methyl salicylate
Methyl salicylate (oil of wintergreen or wintergreen oil) is an organic compound with the formula C8H8O3. It is the methyl ester of salicylic acid. It is a colorless, viscous liquid with a sweet, fruity odor reminiscent of root beer (in which it is used as a flavoring), but often associatively called "minty", as it is...
Physical sciences
Esters and ethers
Chemistry
2684988
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluid%20mechanics
Fluid mechanics
Fluid mechanics is the branch of physics concerned with the mechanics of fluids (liquids, gases, and plasmas) and the forces on them. It has applications in a wide range of disciplines, including mechanical, aerospace, civil, chemical, and biomedical engineering, as well as geophysics, oceanography, meteorology, astrop...
Physical sciences
Fluid mechanics
null
2685394
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quercus%20acutissima
Quercus acutissima
Quercus acutissima, the sawtooth oak, is an Asian species of oak native to China, Tibet, Korea, Japan, Taiwan, Siberia, Mongolia, Bangladesh, Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Brunei, Indochina (Vietnam, Thailand, Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos), Himalayas (Nepal, Bhutan, Northeast India). It is w...
Biology and health sciences
Fagales
Plants
140282
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space%20settlement
Space settlement
A space settlement (also called a space habitat, spacestead, space city or space colony) is a settlement in outer space, sustaining more extensively habitation facilities in space than a general space station or spacecraft. Possibly including closed ecological systems, its particular purpose is permanent habitation. N...
Technology
Basics_6
null
140432
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatology
Hepatology
Hepatology is the branch of medicine that incorporates the study of liver, gallbladder, biliary tree, and pancreas as well as management of their disorders. Although traditionally considered a sub-specialty of gastroenterology, rapid expansion has led in some countries to doctors specializing solely on this area, who a...
Biology and health sciences
Fields of medicine
Health
140459
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base%20%28chemistry%29
Base (chemistry)
In chemistry, there are three definitions in common use of the word "base": Arrhenius bases, Brønsted bases, and Lewis bases. All definitions agree that bases are substances that react with acids, as originally proposed by G.-F. Rouelle in the mid-18th century. In 1884, Svante Arrhenius proposed that a base is a subst...
Physical sciences
Inorganic compounds
null
140558
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiber
Fiber
Fiber (also spelled fibre in British English; from ) is a natural or artificial substance that is significantly longer than it is wide. Fibers are often used in the manufacture of other materials. The strongest engineering materials often incorporate fibers, for example carbon fiber and ultra-high-molecular-weight poly...
Technology
Fabrics and fibers
null
140592
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assignment%20problem
Assignment problem
The assignment problem is a fundamental combinatorial optimization problem. In its most general form, the problem is as follows: The problem instance has a number of agents and a number of tasks. Any agent can be assigned to perform any task, incurring some cost that may vary depending on the agent-task assignment. It ...
Mathematics
Optimization
null
140599
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basidium
Basidium
A basidium (: basidia) is a microscopic spore-producing structure found on the hymenophore of reproductive bodies of basidiomycete fungi. The presence of basidia is one of the main characteristic features of the group. These bodies are also called tertiary mycelia, which are highly coiled versions of secondary mycelia....
Biology and health sciences
Fungal morphology and anatomy
Biology
140618
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tortoise
Tortoise
Tortoises ( ) are reptiles of the family Testudinidae of the order Testudines (Latin for "tortoise"). Like other turtles, tortoises have a shell to protect from predation and other threats. The shell in tortoises is generally hard, and like other members of the suborder Cryptodira, they retract their necks and heads di...
Biology and health sciences
Reptiles
null
140627
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apatite
Apatite
Apatite is a group of phosphate minerals, usually hydroxyapatite, fluorapatite and chlorapatite, with high concentrations of OH−, F− and Cl− ion, respectively, in the crystal. The formula of the admixture of the three most common endmembers is written as Ca10(PO4)6(OH,F,Cl)2, and the crystal unit cell formulae of the i...
Physical sciences
Minerals
Earth science
140710
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical%20reactance
Electrical reactance
In electrical circuits, reactance is the opposition presented to alternating current by inductance and capacitance. Along with resistance, it is one of two elements of impedance; however, while both elements involve transfer of electrical energy, no dissipation of electrical energy as heat occurs in reactance; instead,...
Physical sciences
Electrical circuits
Physics
140711
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitance
Capacitance
Capacitance is the ability of an object to store electric charge. It is measured by the change in charge in response to a difference in electric potential, expressed as the ratio of those quantities. Commonly recognized are two closely related notions of capacitance: self capacitance and mutual capacitance. An object t...
Physical sciences
Electrical circuits
null
140806
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum%20likelihood%20estimation
Maximum likelihood estimation
In statistics, maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) is a method of estimating the parameters of an assumed probability distribution, given some observed data. This is achieved by maximizing a likelihood function so that, under the assumed statistical model, the observed data is most probable. The point in the parameter ...
Mathematics
Statistics
null
140857
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron%E2%80%93positron%20annihilation
Electron–positron annihilation
Electron–positron annihilation occurs when an electron () and a positron (, the electron's antiparticle) collide. At low energies, the result of the collision is the annihilation of the electron and positron, and the creation of energetic photons:  +  →  +  At high energies, other particles, such as B mesons or the W ...
Physical sciences
Antimatter
Physics
140858
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pair%20production
Pair production
Pair production is the creation of a subatomic particle and its antiparticle from a neutral boson. Examples include creating an electron and a positron, a muon and an antimuon, or a proton and an antiproton. Pair production often refers specifically to a photon creating an electron–positron pair near a nucleus. As ener...
Physical sciences
Particle physics: General
Physics
140951
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fowl
Fowl
Fowl are birds belonging to one of two biological orders, namely the gamefowl or landfowl (Galliformes) and the waterfowl (Anseriformes). Anatomical and molecular similarities suggest these two groups are close evolutionary relatives; together, they form the fowl clade which is scientifically known as Galloanserae or G...
Biology and health sciences
Basics
Animals
140953
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onager
Onager
The onager ()(Equus hemionus), also known as hemione or Asiatic wild ass, is a species of the family Equidae native to Asia. A member of the subgenus Asinus, the onager was described and given its binomial name by German zoologist Peter Simon Pallas in 1775. Six subspecies have been recognized, two of which are extinct...
Biology and health sciences
Equidae
Animals
140990
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanning%20%28leather%29
Tanning (leather)
Tanning, or hide tanning, is the process of treating skins and hides of animals to produce leather. A tannery is the place where the skins are processed. Historically, vegetable based tanning used tannin, an acidic chemical compound derived from the bark of certain trees, in the production of leather. An alternative m...
Technology
Materials
null
141008
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akashi%20Kaikyo%20Bridge
Akashi Kaikyo Bridge
The is a suspension bridge which links the city of Kobe on the Japanese island of Honshu and on Awaji Island. It is part of the Kobe-Awaji-Naruto Expressway, and crosses the busy and turbulent Akashi Strait (Akashi Kaikyō in Japanese). It was completed in 1998, and at the time, was the longest central span of any sus...
Technology
Transport infrastructure
null
141029
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African%20trypanosomiasis
African trypanosomiasis
African trypanosomiasis is an insect-borne parasitic infection of humans and other animals. Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), also known as African sleeping sickness or simply sleeping sickness, is caused by the species Trypanosoma brucei. Humans are infected by two types, Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (TbG) and Try...
Biology and health sciences
Protozoan infections
Health
504841
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a type of degenerative joint disease that results from breakdown of joint cartilage and underlying bone. It is believed to be the fourth leading cause of disability in the world, affecting 1 in 7 adults in the United States alone. The most common symptoms are joint pain and stiffness. Usually the...
Biology and health sciences
Specific diseases
Health
505449
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sign%20function
Sign function
In mathematics, the sign function or signum function (from signum, Latin for "sign") is a function that has the value , or according to whether the sign of a given real number is positive or negative, or the given number is itself zero. In mathematical notation the sign function is often represented as or . Definit...
Mathematics
Specific functions
null