id stringlengths 2 8 | url stringlengths 31 117 | title stringlengths 1 71 | text stringlengths 153 118k | topic stringclasses 4
values | section stringlengths 4 49 ⌀ | sublist stringclasses 9
values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
550104 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowen%27s%20reaction%20series | Bowen's reaction series | Within the field of geology, Bowen's reaction series is the work of the Canadian petrologist Norman L. Bowen, who summarized, based on experiments and observations of natural rocks, the sequence of crystallization of common silicate minerals from typical basaltic magma undergoing fractional crystallization (i.e. crysta... | Physical sciences | Petrology | Earth science |
550137 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliptic%20operator | Elliptic operator | In the theory of partial differential equations, elliptic operators are differential operators that generalize the Laplace operator. They are defined by the condition that the coefficients of the highest-order derivatives be positive, which implies the key property that the principal symbol is invertible, or equivale... | Mathematics | Differential equations | null |
550334 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riftia | Riftia | Riftia pachyptila, commonly known as the giant tube worm and less commonly known as the giant beardworm, is a marine invertebrate in the phylum Annelida (formerly grouped in phylum Pogonophora and Vestimentifera) related to tube worms commonly found in the intertidal and pelagic zones. R. pachyptila lives on the floor... | Biology and health sciences | Lophotrochozoa | Animals |
550379 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teikei | Teikei | is a system of community-supported agriculture in Japan, where consumers purchase food directly from farmers. Teikei is closely associated with small-scale, local, organic farming, and volunteer-based, non-profit partnerships between producers and consumers. Millions of Japanese consumers participate in teikei. It is w... | Technology | Agriculture, labor and economy | null |
550622 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetraquark | Tetraquark | In particle physics, a tetraquark is an exotic meson composed of four valence quarks. A tetraquark state has long been suspected to be allowed by quantum chromodynamics, the modern theory of strong interactions. A tetraquark state is an example of an exotic hadron that lies outside the conventional quark model classif... | Physical sciences | Bosons | Physics |
551061 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allotropes%20of%20carbon | Allotropes of carbon | Carbon is capable of forming many allotropes (structurally different forms of the same element) due to its valency (tetravalent). Well-known forms of carbon include diamond and graphite. In recent decades, many more allotropes have been discovered and researched, including ball shapes such as buckminsterfullerene and s... | Physical sciences | Group 14 | Chemistry |
551217 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudflat | Mudflat | Mudflats or mud flats, also known as tidal flats or, in Ireland, slob or slobs, are coastal wetlands that form in intertidal areas where sediments have been deposited by tides or rivers. A global analysis published in 2019 suggested that tidal flat ecosystems are as extensive globally as mangroves, covering at least o... | Physical sciences | Oceanic and coastal landforms | Earth science |
551359 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic%20quantum%20number | Magnetic quantum number | In atomic physics, a magnetic quantum number is a quantum number used to distinguish quantum states of an electron or other particle according to its angular momentum along a given axis in space. The orbital magnetic quantum number ( or ) distinguishes the orbitals available within a given subshell of an atom. It speci... | Physical sciences | Atomic physics | Physics |
551388 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering%20management | Engineering management | Engineering management is the application of engineering methods, tools, and techniques to business management systems. Engineering management is a career that brings together the technological problem-solving ability of engineering and the organizational, administrative, legal and planning abilities of management in o... | Technology | Basics | null |
551448 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liana | Liana | A liana is a long-stemmed woody vine that is rooted in the soil at ground level and uses trees, as well as other means of vertical support, to climb up to the canopy in search of direct sunlight. The word liana does not refer to a taxonomic grouping, but rather a habit of plant growth – much like tree or shrub. It com... | Biology and health sciences | Plant anatomy and morphology: General | Biology |
551731 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrification | Electrification | Electrification is the process of powering by electricity and, in many contexts, the introduction of such power by changing over from an earlier power source. In the context of history of technology and economic development, electrification refers to the build-out of the electricity generation and electric power distri... | Technology | Energy: General | null |
551824 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courier | Courier | A courier is a person or organization that delivers a message, package or letter from one place or person to another place or person. Typically, a courier provides their courier service on a commercial contract basis; however, some couriers are government or state agency employees (for example: a diplomatic courier).
... | Technology | Media and communication: Basics | null |
551920 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spider%20monkey | Spider monkey | Spider monkeys are New World monkeys belonging to the genus Ateles, part of the subfamily Atelinae, family Atelidae. Like other atelines, they are found in tropical forests of Central and South America, from southern Mexico to Brazil. The genus consists of seven species, all of which are under threat; the brown spider ... | Biology and health sciences | Primates | null |
552234 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluctuation%E2%80%93dissipation%20theorem | Fluctuation–dissipation theorem | The fluctuation–dissipation theorem (FDT) or fluctuation–dissipation relation (FDR) is a powerful tool in statistical physics for predicting the behavior of systems that obey detailed balance. Given that a system obeys detailed balance, the theorem is a proof that thermodynamic fluctuations in a physical variable pred... | Physical sciences | Statistical mechanics | Physics |
552520 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard%20error | Standard error | The standard error (SE) of a statistic (usually an estimate of a parameter) is the standard deviation of its sampling distribution or an estimate of that standard deviation. If the statistic is the sample mean, it is called the standard error of the mean (SEM). The standard error is a key ingredient in producing confid... | Mathematics | Statistics and probability | null |
553121 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulation%20of%20gene%20expression | Regulation of gene expression | Regulation of gene expression, or gene regulation, includes a wide range of mechanisms that are used by cells to increase or decrease the production of specific gene products (protein or RNA). Sophisticated programs of gene expression are widely observed in biology, for example to trigger developmental pathways, respon... | Biology and health sciences | Molecular biology | Biology |
553313 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platybelodon | Platybelodon | Platybelodon ("flat-spear tusk") is an extinct genus of large herbivorous proboscidean mammals related to modern-day elephants, placed in the "shovel tusker" family Amebelodontidae. Species lived during the middle Miocene Epoch in Africa, Asia and the Caucasus.
Distribution
P. grangeri fossils are known from China.
... | Biology and health sciences | Proboscidea | Animals |
553383 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moorland | Moorland | Moorland or moor is a type of habitat found in upland areas in temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands and montane grasslands and shrublands biomes, characterised by low-growing vegetation on acidic soils. Moorland, nowadays, generally means uncultivated hill land (such as Dartmoor in South West England), but al... | Physical sciences | Biomes: General | Earth science |
1392524 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafflesia%20arnoldii | Rafflesia arnoldii | Rafflesia arnoldii, the corpse flower, or giant padma, Its local name is Petimum Sikinlili. It is a species of flowering plant in the parasitic genus Rafflesia within the family Rafflesiaceae. It is noted for producing the largest individual flower on Earth. It has a strong and unpleasant odor of decaying flesh. It is ... | Biology and health sciences | Malpighiales | Plants |
1392630 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basement%20membrane | Basement membrane | The basement membrane, also known as base membrane, is a thin, pliable sheet-like type of extracellular matrix that provides cell and tissue support and acts as a platform for complex signalling. The basement membrane sits between epithelial tissues including mesothelium and endothelium, and the underlying connective t... | Biology and health sciences | Tissues | Biology |
30372477 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qingdao%20Jiaozhou%20Bay%20Bridge | Qingdao Jiaozhou Bay Bridge | Qingdao Jiaozhou Bay Bridge is a long roadway bridge in Qingdao, Shandong Province, China, which is part of the Jiaozhou Bay Connection Project. The longest continuous segment of the bridge is , making it one of the longest bridges in the world.
Description
The Jiaozhou Bay Bridge transects Jiaozhou Bay, which redu... | Technology | Bridges | null |
2829963 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airborne%20collision%20avoidance%20system | Airborne collision avoidance system | An airborne collision avoidance system (ACAS, usually pronounced as ay-kas) operates independently of ground-based equipment and air traffic control in warning pilots of the presence of other aircraft that may present a threat of collision. If the risk of collision is imminent, the system recommends a maneuver that wil... | Technology | Aircraft components | null |
2830083 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huronian%20glaciation | Huronian glaciation | The Huronian glaciation (or Makganyene glaciation) was a period where at least three ice ages occurred during the deposition of the Huronian Supergroup. Deposition of this largely sedimentary succession extended from approximately 2.5 to 2.2 billion years ago (Gya), during the Siderian and Rhyacian periods of the Paleo... | Physical sciences | Events | Earth science |
2830096 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hirnantian%20glaciation | Hirnantian glaciation | The Hirnantian glaciation, also known as the Andean-Saharan glaciation, Early Paleozoic Ice Age (EPIA), the Early Paleozoic Icehouse, the Late Ordovician glaciation, or the end-Ordovician glaciation, occurred during the Paleozoic from approximately 460 Ma to around 420 Ma, during the Late Ordovician and the Silurian pe... | Physical sciences | Events | Earth science |
2831333 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postharvest | Postharvest | In agriculture, postharvest handling is the stage of crop production immediately following harvest, including cooling, cleaning, sorting and packing. The instant a crop is removed from the ground, or separated from its parent plant, it begins to deteriorate. Postharvest treatment largely determines final quality, wheth... | Technology | Agronomical techniques | null |
3794290 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantella | Mantella | Mantella (also known as golden frogs or Malagasy poison frogs) are a prominent genus of aposematic frogs in the family Mantellidae, endemic to the island of Madagascar. Members of Mantella are diurnal and terrestrial, with bright aposematic coloration or cryptic markings.
Natural history
Mantella are an example of co... | Biology and health sciences | Frogs and toads | Animals |
3796570 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ficus%20sycomorus | Ficus sycomorus | Ficus sycomorus, called the sycamore fig or the fig-mulberry (because the leaves resemble those of the mulberry), sycamore, or sycomore, is a fig species that has been cultivated since ancient times.
Etymology and naming
The specific name came into English in the 14th century as sicamour, derived from Old French sag... | Biology and health sciences | Rosales | null |
3797203 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular%20momentum%20operator | Angular momentum operator | In quantum mechanics, the angular momentum operator is one of several related operators analogous to classical angular momentum. The angular momentum operator plays a central role in the theory of atomic and molecular physics and other quantum problems involving rotational symmetry. Being an observable, its eigenfunct... | Physical sciences | Quantum mechanics | Physics |
3797882 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrahedral%20molecular%20geometry | Tetrahedral molecular geometry | In a tetrahedral molecular geometry, a central atom is located at the center with four substituents that are located at the corners of a tetrahedron. The bond angles are arccos(−) = 109.4712206...° ≈ 109.5° when all four substituents are the same, as in methane () as well as its heavier analogues. Methane and other per... | Physical sciences | Bond structure | Chemistry |
21365918 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cirrhosis | Cirrhosis | Cirrhosis, also known as liver cirrhosis or hepatic cirrhosis, chronic liver failure or chronic hepatic failure and end-stage liver disease, is an acute condition of the liver in which the normal functioning tissue, or parenchyma, is replaced with scar tissue (fibrosis) and regenerative nodules as a result of chronic l... | Biology and health sciences | Non-infectious disease | null |
2033875 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial%20leather | Artificial leather | Artificial leather, also called synthetic leather, is a material intended to substitute for leather in upholstery, clothing, footwear, and other uses where a leather-like finish is desired but the actual material is cost prohibitive or unsuitable due to practical or ethical concerns. Artificial leather is known under m... | Technology | Materials | null |
2035853 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium%20sulfate | Aluminium sulfate | Aluminium sulfate is a salt with the formula . It is soluble in water and is mainly used as a coagulating agent (promoting particle collision by neutralizing charge) in the purification of drinking water and wastewater treatment plants, and also in paper manufacturing.
The anhydrous form occurs naturally as a rare min... | Physical sciences | Sulfuric oxyanions | Chemistry |
2036044 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxiidae | Galaxiidae | The Galaxiidae are a family of mostly small freshwater fish in the Southern Hemisphere. The majority live in Southern Australia or New Zealand, but some are found in South Africa, southern South America, Lord Howe Island, New Caledonia, and the Falkland Islands. One galaxiid species, the common galaxias (Galaxias macu... | Biology and health sciences | Osmeriformes | null |
2037563 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geodesics%20in%20general%20relativity | Geodesics in general relativity | In general relativity, a geodesic generalizes the notion of a "straight line" to curved spacetime. Importantly, the world line of a particle free from all external, non-gravitational forces is a particular type of geodesic. In other words, a freely moving or falling particle always moves along a geodesic.
In general r... | Physical sciences | Theory of relativity | Physics |
6762618 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgo%20interferometer | Virgo interferometer | The Virgo interferometer is a large-scale scientific instrument near Pisa, Italy, for detecting gravitational waves. The detector is a Michelson interferometer, which can detect the minuscule length variations in its two 3-km (1.9 mi) arms induced by the passage of gravitational waves. The required precision is achieve... | Technology | Ground-based observatories | null |
5144613 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depressive%20personality%20disorder | Depressive personality disorder | Depressive personality disorder, also known as melancholic personality disorder, is a former psychiatric diagnosis that denotes a personality disorder with depressive features.
Originally included in the American Psychiatric Association's DSM-II,, depressive personality disorder was removed from the DSM-III and DSM-II... | Biology and health sciences | Mental disorders | Health |
5146410 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phalangiotarbida | Phalangiotarbida | Phalangiotarbida is an extinct arachnid order first recorded from the Early Devonian of Germany and most widespread in the Upper Carboniferous coal measures of Europe and North America. The last species are known from the early Permian Rotliegend of Germany.
The affinities of phalangiotarbids are obscure, with most au... | Biology and health sciences | Prehistoric arachnids | Animals |
5146476 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reproductive%20isolation | Reproductive isolation | The mechanisms of reproductive isolation are a collection of evolutionary mechanisms, behaviors and physiological processes critical for speciation. They prevent members of different species from producing offspring, or ensure that any offspring are sterile. These barriers maintain the integrity of a species by reducin... | Biology and health sciences | Basics_4 | Biology |
20321147 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhus | Typhus | Typhus, also known as typhus fever, is a group of infectious diseases that include epidemic typhus, scrub typhus, and murine typhus. Common symptoms include fever, headache, and a rash. Typically these begin one to two weeks after exposure.
The diseases are caused by specific types of bacterial infection. Epidemic typ... | Biology and health sciences | Infectious disease | null |
20321872 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze%20%28color%29 | Bronze (color) | Bronze is a metallic brown color which resembles the metal alloy bronze.
The first recorded use of bronze as a color name in English was in 1753.
Variations
Blast-off bronze
Blast-off bronze is one of the colors in the special set of metallic Crayola crayons called Metallic FX, the colors of which were formulated ... | Physical sciences | Colors | Physics |
1396249 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airplane | Airplane | An airplane (North American English) or aeroplane (British English), informally plane, is a fixed-wing aircraft that is propelled forward by thrust from a jet engine, propeller, or rocket engine. Airplanes come in a variety of sizes, shapes, and wing configurations. The broad spectrum of uses for airplanes includes rec... | Technology | Aviation | null |
1397617 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demosponge | Demosponge | Demosponges (Demospongiae) are the most diverse class in the phylum Porifera. They include greater than 90% of all species of sponges with nearly 8,800 species worldwide (World Porifera Database). They are sponges with a soft body that covers a hard, often massive skeleton made of calcium carbonate, either aragonite or... | Biology and health sciences | Porifera | Animals |
1398078 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plesiosaur | Plesiosaur | The Plesiosauria or plesiosaurs are an order or clade of extinct Mesozoic marine reptiles, belonging to the Sauropterygia.
Plesiosaurs first appeared in the latest Triassic Period, possibly in the Rhaetian stage, about 203 million years ago. They became especially common during the Jurassic Period, thriving until thei... | Biology and health sciences | Dinosaurs and prehistoric reptiles | null |
1398681 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyctereutes | Nyctereutes | Nyctereutes (Greek: nyx, nykt- "night" + ereutēs "wanderer") is a genus of canid which includes only two extant species, both known as raccoon dogs: the common raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) and the Japanese raccoon dog (Nyctereutes viverrinus). Nyctereutes first entered the fossil record 5.5 million years ago ... | Biology and health sciences | Canines | Animals |
1399625 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hummock | Hummock | In geology, a hummock is a small knoll or mound above ground. They are typically less than in height and tend to appear in groups or fields. Large landslide avalanches that typically occur in volcanic areas are responsible for formation of hummocks. From the initiation of the landslide to the final formation, hummocks... | Physical sciences | Other erosional landforms | Earth science |
6772880 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygentoma | Zygentoma | Zygentoma are an order in the class Insecta, and consist of about 550 known species. The Zygentoma include the so-called silverfish or fishmoths, and the firebrats. A conspicuous feature of the order are the three long caudal filaments. The two lateral filaments are cerci, and the medial one is an epiproct or appendix ... | Biology and health sciences | Zygentoma | Animals |
2835531 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brow%20ridge | Brow ridge | The brow ridge, or supraorbital ridge known as superciliary arch in medicine, is a bony ridge located above the eye sockets of all primates and some other animals. In humans, the eyebrows are located on their lower margin.
Structure
The brow ridge is a nodule or crest of bone situated on the frontal bone of the skull.... | Biology and health sciences | Human anatomy | Health |
2839552 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cashmere%20goat | Cashmere goat | A cashmere goat is a type of goat that produces cashmere wool, the goat's fine, soft, downy, winter undercoat, in commercial quality and quantity. This undercoat grows as the days get shorter and is associated with an outer coat of coarse hair, which is present all the year and is called guard hair. Most common goat b... | Biology and health sciences | Goats | Animals |
3801543 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray%20telescope | X-ray telescope | An X-ray telescope (XRT) is a telescope that is designed to observe remote objects in the X-ray spectrum. X-rays are absorbed by the Earth's atmosphere, so instruments to detect X-rays must be taken to high altitude by balloons, sounding rockets, and satellites.
The basic elements of the telescope are the optics (focu... | Technology | Telescope | null |
3804557 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse%20hyperbolic%20functions | Inverse hyperbolic functions | In mathematics, the inverse hyperbolic functions are inverses of the hyperbolic functions, analogous to the inverse circular functions. There are six in common use: inverse hyperbolic sine, inverse hyperbolic cosine, inverse hyperbolic tangent, inverse hyperbolic cosecant, inverse hyperbolic secant, and inverse hyperbo... | Mathematics | Specific functions | null |
3808275 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ornithocheirus | Ornithocheirus | Ornithocheirus (from Ancient Greek "ὄρνις", meaning bird, and "χεῖρ", meaning hand) is a pterosaur genus known from fragmentary fossil remains uncovered from sediments in the United Kingdom and possibly Morocco.
Several species have been referred to the genus, most of which are now considered as dubious species, or me... | Biology and health sciences | Pterosaurs | Animals |
21378217 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personality%20disorder | Personality disorder | Personality disorders (PD) are a class of mental health conditions characterized by enduring maladaptive patterns of behavior, cognition, and inner experience, exhibited across many contexts and deviating from those accepted by the culture. These patterns develop early, are inflexible, and are associated with significa... | Biology and health sciences | Mental disorder | null |
554088 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyman-alpha%20forest | Lyman-alpha forest | In astronomical spectroscopy, the Lyman-alpha forest is a series of absorption lines in the spectra of distant galaxies and quasars arising from the Lyman-alpha electron transition of the neutral hydrogen atom. As the light travels through multiple gas clouds with different redshifts, multiple absorption lines are fo... | Physical sciences | Active galactic nucleus | Astronomy |
554386 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law%20of%20superposition | Law of superposition | The law of superposition is an axiom that forms one of the bases of the sciences of geology, archaeology, and other fields pertaining to geological stratigraphy. In its plainest form, it states that in undeformed stratigraphic sequences, the oldest strata will lie at the bottom of the sequence, while newer material sta... | Physical sciences | Stratigraphy | Earth science |
554469 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratum | Stratum | In geology and related fields, a stratum (: strata) is a layer of rock or sediment characterized by certain lithologic properties or attributes that distinguish it from adjacent layers from which it is separated by visible surfaces known as either bedding surfaces or bedding planes. Prior to the publication of the Inte... | Physical sciences | Stratigraphy | Earth science |
554877 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thresher%20shark | Thresher shark | Thresher sharks are large mackerel sharks of the family Alopiidae found in all temperate and tropical oceans of the world; the family contains three extant species, all within the genus Alopias.
All three thresher shark species have been listed as vulnerable by the World Conservation Union since 2007 (IUCN). All three... | Biology and health sciences | Sharks | Animals |
554994 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-value | P-value | In null-hypothesis significance testing, the p-value is the probability of obtaining test results at least as extreme as the result actually observed, under the assumption that the null hypothesis is correct. A very small p-value means that such an extreme observed outcome would be very unlikely under the null hypothes... | Mathematics | Statistics and probability | null |
555119 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Displacement%20current | Displacement current | In electromagnetism, displacement current density is the quantity appearing in Maxwell's equations that is defined in terms of the rate of change of , the electric displacement field. Displacement current density has the same units as electric current density, and it is a source of the magnetic field just as actual cu... | Physical sciences | Electrodynamics | Physics |
555390 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type%20conversion | Type conversion | In computer science, type conversion, type casting, type coercion, and type juggling are different ways of changing an expression from one data type to another. An example would be the conversion of an integer value into a floating point value or its textual representation as a string, and vice versa. Type conversions ... | Technology | Programming languages | null |
555505 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blender | Blender | A blender (sometimes called a mixer or liquidiser in British English) is a kitchen and laboratory appliance used to mix, crush, purée or emulsify food and other substances. A stationary blender consists of a blender container with a rotating metal or plastic blade at the bottom, powered by an electric motor that is in... | Technology | Household appliances | null |
555768 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean-field%20theory | Mean-field theory | In physics and probability theory, Mean-field theory (MFT) or Self-consistent field theory studies the behavior of high-dimensional random (stochastic) models by studying a simpler model that approximates the original by averaging over degrees of freedom (the number of values in the final calculation of a statistic tha... | Physical sciences | Physics basics: General | Physics |
556358 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stove | Stove | A stove or range is a device that generates heat inside or on top of the device, for -local heating or cooking. Stoves can be powered with many fuels, such as natural gas, electricity, gasoline, wood, and coal.
Due to concerns about air pollution, efforts have been made to improve stove design. Pellet stoves are a typ... | Technology | Household appliances | null |
556970 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance | Irradiance | In radiometry, irradiance is the radiant flux received by a surface per unit area. The SI unit of irradiance is the watt per square metre (symbol W⋅m−2 or W/m2). The CGS unit erg per square centimetre per second (erg⋅cm−2⋅s−1) is often used in astronomy. Irradiance is often called intensity, but this term is avoided i... | Physical sciences | Electromagnetic radiation | Physics |
5152311 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broad%20Breasted%20White%20turkey | Broad Breasted White turkey | The Broad Breasted White is commercially the most widely used breed of domesticated turkey. These birds have shorter breast bones and larger breasts, sometimes rendering them unable to breed without human assistance (typically via artificial insemination). They produce more breast meat and their pin feathers are less ... | Biology and health sciences | Turkeys | Animals |
5157838 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facultative%20bipedalism | Facultative bipedalism | A facultative biped is an animal that is capable of walking or running on two legs (bipedal), as a response to exceptional circumstances (facultative), while normally walking or running on four limbs or more. In contrast, obligate bipedalism is where walking or running on two legs is the primary method of locomotion. F... | Biology and health sciences | Ethology | Biology |
32993239 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%20medical%20services | Air medical services | Air medical services are the use of aircraft, including both fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters to provide various kinds of urgent medical care, especially prehospital, emergency and critical care to patients during aeromedical evacuation and rescue operations.
History
During World War I, air transport was used to pr... | Technology | Transport | null |
2038497 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skipjack%20tuna | Skipjack tuna | The skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) is a perciform fish in the tuna family, Scombridae, and is the only member of the genus Katsuwonus. It is also known as katsuo, arctic bonito, mushmouth, oceanic bonito, striped tuna or victor fish. It grows up to 1 m (3 ft) in length. It is a cosmopolitan pelagic fish found in tr... | Biology and health sciences | Acanthomorpha | Animals |
2039039 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherical%20astronomy | Spherical astronomy | Spherical astronomy, or positional astronomy, is a branch of observational astronomy used to locate astronomical objects on the celestial sphere, as seen at a particular date, time, and location on Earth. It relies on the mathematical methods of spherical trigonometry and the measurements of astrometry.
This is the ol... | Physical sciences | Celestial sphere: General | Astronomy |
2039133 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theoretical%20astronomy | Theoretical astronomy | Theoretical astronomy is the use of analytical and computational models based on principles from physics and chemistry to describe and explain astronomical objects and astronomical phenomena. Theorists in astronomy endeavor to create theoretical models and from the results predict observational consequences of those mo... | Physical sciences | Astronomy basics | Astronomy |
2039690 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes%20of%20hydrogen | Isotopes of hydrogen | Hydrogen (H) has three naturally occurring isotopes: H, H, and H. H and H are stable, while H has a half-life of years. Heavier isotopes also exist; all are synthetic and have a half-life of less than 1 zeptosecond (10 s).
Of these, H is the least stable, while H is the most.
Hydrogen is the only element whose isotop... | Physical sciences | s-Block | Chemistry |
2041030 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific%20saury | Pacific saury | The Pacific saury (Cololabis saira) is species of fish in the family Scomberesocidae. Saury is a seafood in several East Asian cuisines and is also known by the name mackerel pike.
Biology
Saury is a fish with a small mouth, an elongated body, a series of small finlets between the dorsal and anal fins, and a small f... | Biology and health sciences | Acanthomorpha | Animals |
2041117 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social%20networking%20service | Social networking service | A social networking service (SNS), or social networking site, is a type of online social media platform which people use to build social networks or social relationships with other people who share similar personal or career content, interests, activities, backgrounds or real-life connections.
Social networking servic... | Technology | Internet | null |
2042384 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal%20monitor | Bengal monitor | The Bengal monitor (Varanus bengalensis), also called the Indian monitor, is a species of monitor lizard distributed widely in the Indian subcontinent, as well as parts of Southeast Asia and West Asia.
Description
The Bengal monitor can reach with a snout-to-vent length (SVL) of and a tail of . Males are generally... | Biology and health sciences | Lizards and other Squamata | Animals |
2043244 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigella%20sativa | Nigella sativa | Nigella sativa (black caraway, also known as black cumin, nigella, kalonji, charnushka) is an annual flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae, native to eastern Europe (Bulgaria and Romania) and western Asia (Cyprus, Turkey, Iran and Iraq), but naturalized over a much wider area, including parts of Europe, northern ... | Biology and health sciences | Herbs and spices | Plants |
2044863 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium%20citrate | Potassium citrate | Potassium citrate (also known as tripotassium citrate) is a potassium salt of citric acid with the molecular formula K3C6H5O7. It is a white, hygroscopic crystalline powder. It is odorless with a saline taste. It contains 38.28% potassium by mass. In the monohydrate form, it is highly hygroscopic and deliquescent.
As ... | Physical sciences | Citrates | Chemistry |
30413568 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saba%20banana | Saba banana | Saba banana (pron. or ) is a triploid hybrid (ABB) banana cultivar originating from the Philippines. It is primarily a cooking banana, though it can also be eaten raw. It is one of the most important banana varieties in Philippine cuisine. It is also sometimes known as the "cardaba banana", though the latter name is m... | Biology and health sciences | Tropical and tropical-like fruit | Plants |
30414731 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fe%27i%20banana | Fe'i banana | Fe'i bananas (also spelt Fehi or Féi) are cultivated plants in the genus Musa, used mainly for their fruit. They are very distinct in appearance and origin from the majority of bananas and plantains currently grown. Found mainly in the islands of the Pacific, particularly French Polynesia, Fe'i bananas have skins which... | Biology and health sciences | Tropical and tropical-like fruit | Plants |
27634693 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubia%20tinctorum | Rubia tinctorum | Rubia tinctorum, the rose madder or common madder or dyer's madder, is a herbaceous perennial plant species belonging to the bedstraw and coffee family Rubiaceae.
Description
The common madder can grow up to 1.5 m in height. The evergreen leaves are approximately 5–10 cm long and 2–3 cm broad, produced in whorls of 4... | Biology and health sciences | Gentianales | Plants |
557672 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last%20Glacial%20Period | Last Glacial Period | The Last Glacial Period (LGP), also known as the Last glacial cycle, occurred from the end of the Last Interglacial to the beginning of the Holocene, years ago, and thus corresponds to most of the timespan of the Late Pleistocene.
The LGP is part of a larger sequence of glacial and interglacial periods known as the Q... | Physical sciences | Events | Earth science |
557931 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graph%20%28abstract%20data%20type%29 | Graph (abstract data type) | In computer science, a graph is an abstract data type that is meant to implement the undirected graph and directed graph concepts from the field of graph theory within mathematics.
A graph data structure consists of a finite (and possibly mutable) set of vertices (also called nodes or points), together with a set of u... | Mathematics | Data structures and types | null |
6783609 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freshwater%20fish | Freshwater fish | Freshwater fish are fish species that spend some or all of their lives in bodies of fresh water such as rivers, lakes and inland wetlands, where the salinity is less than 1.05%. These environments differ from marine habitats in many ways, especially the difference in levels of osmolarity. To survive in fresh water, fis... | Biology and health sciences | Fishes by habitat | Animals |
25777451 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloroplast%20DNA | Chloroplast DNA | Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA), also known as plastid DNA (ptDNA) is the DNA located in chloroplasts, which are photosynthetic organelles located within the cells of some eukaryotic organisms. Chloroplasts, like other types of plastid, contain a genome separate from that in the cell nucleus. The existence of chloroplast DNA w... | Biology and health sciences | Plant cells | Biology |
911833 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphene | Graphene | Graphene () is a carbon allotrope consisting of a single layer of atoms arranged in a honeycomb planar nanostructure. The name "graphene" is derived from "graphite" and the suffix -ene, indicating the presence of double bonds within the carbon structure.
Graphene is known for its exceptionally high tensile strength, ... | Physical sciences | Group 14 | Chemistry |
911953 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbidite | Turbidite | A turbidite is the geologic deposit of a turbidity current, which is a type of amalgamation of fluidal and sediment gravity flow responsible for distributing vast amounts of clastic sediment into the deep ocean.
Sequencing
Turbidites were first properly described by Arnold H. Bouma (1962), who studied deepwater sedim... | Physical sciences | Sedimentary rocks | Earth science |
913362 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dall%20sheep | Dall sheep | Ovis dalli, also known as the Dall sheep or thinhorn sheep, is a species of wild sheep native to northwestern North America. Ovis dalli contains two subspecies: Ovis dalli dalli and Ovis dalli stonei. O. dalli live in mountainous alpine habitats distributed across northwestern British Columbia, the Yukon, Northwest Ter... | Biology and health sciences | Bovidae | Animals |
914432 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omega%20Centauri | Omega Centauri | Omega Centauri (ω Cen, NGC 5139, or Caldwell 80) is a globular cluster in the constellation of Centaurus that was first identified as a non-stellar object by Edmond Halley in 1677. Located at a distance of , it is the largest known globular cluster in the Milky Way at a diameter of roughly 150 light-years. It is estima... | Physical sciences | Other notable objects | null |
21391751 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turing%20test | Turing test | The Turing test, originally called the imitation game by Alan Turing in 1949, is a test of a machine's ability to exhibit intelligent behaviour equivalent to that of a human. In the test, a human evaluator judges a text transcript of a natural-language conversation between a human and a machine. The evaluator tries to ... | Technology | Artificial intelligence concepts | null |
21391870 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halting%20problem | Halting problem | In computability theory, the halting problem is the problem of determining, from a description of an arbitrary computer program and an input, whether the program will finish running, or continue to run forever. The halting problem is undecidable, meaning that no general algorithm exists that solves the halting problem ... | Mathematics | Computability theory | null |
21392941 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglerfish | Anglerfish | The anglerfish are fish of the teleost order Lophiiformes (). They are bony fish named for their characteristic mode of predation, in which a modified luminescent fin ray (the esca or illicium) acts as a lure for other fish. The luminescence comes from symbiotic bacteria, which are thought to be acquired from seawater,... | Biology and health sciences | Fishes | null |
21392989 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%20algae | Red algae | Red algae, or Rhodophyta (, ; ), make up one of the oldest groups of eukaryotic algae. The Rhodophyta comprises one of the largest phyla of algae, containing over 7,000 recognized species within over 900 genera amidst ongoing taxonomic revisions. The majority of species (6,793) are Florideophyceae, and mostly consist o... | Biology and health sciences | Other organisms | null |
21393031 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black%20seadevil | Black seadevil | Black seadevils are small, deepsea lophiiform fishes of the family Melanocetidae. The five known species (with only two given common names) are all within the genus Melanocetus. They are found in tropical to temperate waters of the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans, with one species known only from the Ross Sea.
On... | Biology and health sciences | Acanthomorpha | Animals |
21393077 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbiology | Microbiology | Microbiology () is the scientific study of microorganisms, those being of unicellular (single-celled), multicellular (consisting of complex cells), or acellular (lacking cells). Microbiology encompasses numerous sub-disciplines including virology, bacteriology, protistology, mycology, immunology, and parasitology.
The... | Biology and health sciences | Basics | null |
21393779 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pholcus%20phalangioides | Pholcus phalangioides | Pholcus phalangioides, commonly known as the cosmopolitan cellar spider, long-bodied cellar spider, or one of various types called a daddy long-legs spider, is a spider of the family Pholcidae. This is the only spider species described by the Swiss entomologist Johann Kaspar Füssli, who first recorded it in 1775. Its c... | Biology and health sciences | Spiders | Animals |
21396352 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanoboa | Titanoboa | Titanoboa (; ) is an extinct genus of giant boid (the family that includes all boas and anacondas) snake that lived during the middle and late Paleocene. Titanoboa was first discovered in the early 2000s by the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute who, along with students from the University of Florida, recovered 18... | Biology and health sciences | Prehistoric squamates | Animals |
20344155 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical%20grid | Electrical grid | An electrical grid (or electricity network) is an interconnected network for electricity delivery from producers to consumers. Electrical grids consist of power stations, electrical substations to step voltage up or down, electric power transmission to carry power over long distances, and finally electric power distrib... | Technology | Electricity generation and distribution | null |
20352309 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binturong | Binturong | The binturong (Arctictis binturong) (, ), also known as the bearcat, is a viverrid native to South and Southeast Asia. It is uncommon in much of its range, and has been assessed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List because of a declining population. It is estimated to have declined at least 30% since the mid-1980s. The b... | Biology and health sciences | Other carnivora | Animals |
20353360 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenade | Grenade | A grenade is a small explosive weapon typically thrown by hand (also called hand grenade), but can also refer to a shell (explosive projectile) shot from the muzzle of a rifle (as a rifle grenade) or a grenade launcher. A modern hand grenade generally consists of an explosive charge ("filler"), a detonator mechanism, a... | Technology | Explosive weapons | null |
3810490 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptoclidus | Cryptoclidus | Cryptoclidus ( ) is a genus of plesiosaur reptile from the Middle Jurassic period of England, France, and Cuba.
Discovery
Cryptoclidus was a plesiosaur whose specimens include adult and juvenile skeletons, and remains which have been found in various degrees of preservation in England, Northern France, Russia, and S... | Biology and health sciences | Prehistoric marine reptiles | Animals |
3811974 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callosciurus | Callosciurus | Callosciurus is a genus of squirrels collectively referred to as the "beautiful squirrels". They are found mainly in Southeast Asia, though a few species also occur in Nepal, northeastern India, Bangladesh and southern China. Several of the species have settled on islands. In total, the genus contains 15 species and nu... | Biology and health sciences | Rodents | Animals |
3817826 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brightest%20cluster%20galaxy | Brightest cluster galaxy | A brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) is defined as the brightest galaxy in a cluster of galaxies. BCGs include the most massive galaxies in the universe. They are generally elliptical galaxies which lie close to the geometric and kinematical center of their host galaxy cluster, hence at the bottom of the cluster potential... | Physical sciences | Galaxy classification | Astronomy |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.