id
stringlengths
2
8
url
stringlengths
31
117
title
stringlengths
1
71
text
stringlengths
153
118k
topic
stringclasses
4 values
section
stringlengths
4
49
sublist
stringclasses
9 values
17805223
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated%20solar%20power
Concentrated solar power
Concentrated solar power (CSP, also known as concentrating solar power, concentrated solar thermal) systems generate solar power by using mirrors or lenses to concentrate a large area of sunlight into a receiver. Electricity is generated when the concentrated light is converted to heat (solar thermal energy), which dri...
Technology
Power generation
null
5805247
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nodule%20%28geology%29
Nodule (geology)
In geology and particularly in sedimentology, a nodule is a small, irregularly rounded knot, mass, or lump of a mineral or mineral aggregate that typically has a contrasting composition from the enclosing sediment or sedimentary rock. Examples include pyrite nodules in coal, a chert nodule in limestone, or a phosphorit...
Physical sciences
Sedimentary rocks
Earth science
13843273
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turritellidae
Turritellidae
Turritellidae, with the common name "tower shells" or "tower snails", is a taxonomic family of small- to medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the Sorbeoconcha clade. They are filter feeders; this method of feeding is somewhat unusual among gastropod mollusks, but is very common in bivalves. Shell des...
Biology and health sciences
Gastropods
Animals
2328336
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otitis
Otitis
Otitis is a general term for inflammation in ear or ear infection, inner ear infection, middle ear infection of the ear, in both humans and other animals. When infection is present, it may be viral or bacterial. When inflammation is present due to fluid build up in the middle ear and infection is not present it is cons...
Biology and health sciences
Infectious diseases by site
Health
2330138
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultural%20cooperative
Agricultural cooperative
An agricultural cooperative, also known as a farmers' co-op, is a producer cooperative in which farmers pool their resources in certain areas of activities. A broad typology of agricultural cooperatives distinguishes between agricultural service cooperatives, which provide various services to their individually-farmin...
Technology
Agriculture, labor and economy
null
2330207
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Army%20ant
Army ant
The name army ant (or legionary ant or marabunta) is applied to over 200 ant species in different lineages. Because of their aggressive predatory foraging groups, known as "raids", a huge number of ants forage simultaneously over a limited area. Another shared feature is that, unlike most ant species, army ants do not...
Biology and health sciences
Hymenoptera
Animals
2332677
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archive%20file
Archive file
In computing, an archive file is a computer file that is composed of one or more files along with metadata. Many archive formats also support compression of member files. Archive files are used to collect multiple data files together into a single file for easier portability and storage, or simply to compress files to ...
Technology
File formats
null
2333272
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typha%20latifolia
Typha latifolia
Typha latifolia is a perennial, herbaceous flowering wetland plant in the family Typhaceae. It is known commonly as bulrush (sometimes as common bulrush, to distinguish from other species of Typha); in North America, it is often referred to as broadleaf cattail, or simply as cat-tail or cattail reed. It is native throu...
Biology and health sciences
Poales
Plants
2333728
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haumea
Haumea
Haumea (minor-planet designation: 136108 Haumea) is a dwarf planet located beyond Neptune's orbit. It was discovered in 2004 by a team headed by Mike Brown of Caltech at the Palomar Observatory, and formally announced in 2005 by a team headed by José Luis Ortiz Moreno at the Sierra Nevada Observatory in Spain, who had ...
Physical sciences
Solar System
Astronomy
7570884
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megalaimidae
Megalaimidae
Megalaimidae, the Asian barbets, are a family of birds, comprising two genera with 35 species native to the forests of the Indomalayan realm from Tibet to Indonesia. They were once clubbed with all barbets in the family Capitonidae but the Old World species have been found to be distinctive and are considered, along wi...
Biology and health sciences
Piciformes
Animals
7571211
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lybiidae
Lybiidae
Lybiidae is a family of birds also known as the African barbets. There are 42 species ranging from the type genus Lybius of forest interior to the tinkerbirds (Pogoniulus) of forest and scrubland. They are found throughout sub-Saharan Africa, with the exception of the far south-west of South Africa. The African terres...
Biology and health sciences
Piciformes
Animals
12232494
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underground%20power%20line
Underground power line
An underground power line provides electrical power with underground cables. Compared to overhead power lines, underground lines have lower risk of starting a wildfire and reduce the risk of the electrical supply being interrupted by outages during high winds, thunderstorms or heavy snow or ice storms. An added benef...
Technology
Earthworks
null
3211372
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screening%20%28medicine%29
Screening (medicine)
Screening, in medicine, is a strategy used to look for as-yet-unrecognised conditions or risk markers. This testing can be applied to individuals or to a whole population without symptoms or signs of the disease being screened. Screening interventions are designed to identify conditions which could at some future poin...
Biology and health sciences
Diagnostics
Health
3212996
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudevernia%20furfuracea
Pseudevernia furfuracea
Pseudevernia furfuracea, commonly known as tree moss, is a lichenized species of fungus that grows on the bark of firs and pines. The lichen is rather sensitive to air pollution, its presence usually indicating good air conditions in the growing place. The species has numerous human uses, including use in perfume, emba...
Biology and health sciences
Lichens
Plants
16637905
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lattice%20phase%20equaliser
Lattice phase equaliser
A lattice phase equaliser or lattice filter is an example of an all-pass filter. That is, the attenuation of the filter is constant at all frequencies but the relative phase between input and output varies with frequency. The lattice filter topology has the particular property of being a constant-resistance network and...
Technology
Signal processing
null
11280915
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frailty%20syndrome
Frailty syndrome
Frailty or frailty syndrome refers to a state of health in which older adults gradually lose their bodies' in-built reserves and functioning. This makes them more vulnerable, less able to recover and even apparently minor events (infections, environmental changes) can have drastic impacts on their physical and mental h...
Biology and health sciences
Health and fitness: General
Health
11281160
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIELUV
CIELUV
In colorimetry, the CIE 1976 L*, u*, v* color space, commonly known by its abbreviation CIELUV, is a color space adopted by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) in 1976, as a simple-to-compute transformation of the 1931 CIE XYZ color space, but which attempted perceptual uniformity. It is extensively use...
Physical sciences
Basics
Physics
4370004
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepton%20epoch
Lepton epoch
In cosmological models of the Big Bang, the lepton epoch was the period in the evolution of the early universe in which the leptons dominated the mass of the Universe. It started roughly 1 second after the Big Bang, after the majority of hadrons and anti-hadrons annihilated each other at the end of the hadron epoch. Du...
Physical sciences
Physical cosmology
Astronomy
4370036
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroweak%20epoch
Electroweak epoch
In physical cosmology, the electroweak epoch was the period in the evolution of the early universe when the temperature of the universe had fallen enough that the strong force separated from the electronuclear interaction, but was still high enough for electromagnetism and the weak interaction to remain merged into a s...
Physical sciences
Physical cosmology
Astronomy
4370125
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand%20unification%20epoch
Grand unification epoch
In physical cosmology, the grand unification epoch is a poorly understood period in the evolution of the early universe following the Planck epoch and preceding inflation (cosmology). This places it between about 10−43 seconds after the Big Bang and 10−35 seconds, when the temperature of the universe was comparable to...
Physical sciences
Physical cosmology
Astronomy
193031
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stamen
Stamen
The stamen (: stamina or stamens) is a part consisting of the male reproductive organs of a flower. Collectively, the stamens form the androecium. Morphology and terminology A stamen typically consists of a stalk called the filament and an anther which contains microsporangia. Most commonly anthers are two-lobed (eac...
Biology and health sciences
Plant anatomy and morphology: General
Biology
193284
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baking%20powder
Baking powder
Baking powder is a dry chemical leavening agent, a mixture of a carbonate or bicarbonate and a weak acid. The base and acid are prevented from reacting prematurely by the inclusion of a buffer such as cornstarch. Baking powder is used to increase the volume and lighten the texture of baked goods. It works by releasing ...
Physical sciences
Carbonic oxyanions
Chemistry
193287
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heartburn
Heartburn
Heartburn, also known as pyrosis, cardialgia or acid indigestion, is a burning sensation in the central chest or upper central abdomen. Heartburn is usually due to regurgitation of gastric acid (gastric reflux) into the esophagus. It is the major symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Other common descript...
Biology and health sciences
Symptoms and signs
Health
193305
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium%20hydroxide
Magnesium hydroxide
Magnesium hydroxide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Mg(OH)2. It occurs in nature as the mineral brucite. It is a white solid with low solubility in water (). Magnesium hydroxide is a common component of antacids, such as milk of magnesia. Preparation Treating the solution of different soluble magnes...
Physical sciences
Hydroxy anion
Chemistry
193308
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryolite
Cryolite
Cryolite (Na3AlF6, sodium hexafluoroaluminate) is an uncommon mineral identified with the once-large deposit at Ivittuut on the west coast of Greenland, mined commercially until 1987. It is used in the reduction ("smelting") of aluminium, in pest control, and as a dye. History Cryolite was first described in 1798 by ...
Physical sciences
Minerals
Earth science
193366
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asafoetida
Asafoetida
Asafoetida (; also spelled asafetida) is the dried latex (gum oleoresin) exuded from the rhizome or tap root of several species of Ferula, perennial herbs of the carrot family. It is produced in Iran, Afghanistan, Central Asia, northern India and Northwest China (Xinjiang). Different regions have different botanical s...
Biology and health sciences
Herbs and spices
Plants
193398
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traumatology
Traumatology
In medicine, traumatology (from Greek trauma, meaning injury or wound) is the study of wounds and injuries caused by accidents or violence to a person, and the surgical therapy and repair of the damage. Traumatology is a branch of medicine. It is often considered a subset of surgery and in countries without the special...
Biology and health sciences
Fields of medicine
Health
193577
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lynx%20%28constellation%29
Lynx (constellation)
Lynx is a constellation named after the animal, usually observed in the Northern Celestial Hemisphere. The constellation was introduced in the late 17th century by Johannes Hevelius. It is a faint constellation, with its brightest stars forming a zigzag line. The orange giant Alpha Lyncis is the brightest star in the c...
Physical sciences
Other
Astronomy
193735
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poisson%27s%20equation
Poisson's equation
Poisson's equation is an elliptic partial differential equation of broad utility in theoretical physics. For example, the solution to Poisson's equation is the potential field caused by a given electric charge or mass density distribution; with the potential field known, one can then calculate the corresponding electro...
Mathematics
Multivariable and vector calculus
null
193748
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integration%20by%20substitution
Integration by substitution
In calculus, integration by substitution, also known as u-substitution, reverse chain rule or change of variables, is a method for evaluating integrals and antiderivatives. It is the counterpart to the chain rule for differentiation, and can loosely be thought of as using the chain rule "backwards." Substitution for a...
Mathematics
Integral calculus
null
193752
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasympathetic%20nervous%20system
Parasympathetic nervous system
The parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS) is one of the three divisions of the autonomic nervous system, the others being the sympathetic nervous system and the enteric nervous system. The autonomic nervous system is responsible for regulating the body's unconscious actions. The parasympathetic system is responsible f...
Biology and health sciences
Nervous system
Biology
193753
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sympathetic%20nervous%20system
Sympathetic nervous system
The sympathetic nervous system (SNS or SANS, sympathetic autonomic nervous system, to differentiate it from the somatic nervous system) is one of the three divisions of the autonomic nervous system, the others being the parasympathetic nervous system and the enteric nervous system. The enteric nervous system is sometim...
Biology and health sciences
Nervous system
Biology
193957
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaghetti%20squash
Spaghetti squash
Spaghetti squash or vegetable spaghetti is a group of cultivars of Cucurbita pepo subsp. pepo. They are available in a variety of shapes, sizes, and colours, including ivory, yellow and orange, with orange having the highest amount of carotene. Its center contains many large seeds. When raw, the flesh is solid and simi...
Biology and health sciences
Botanical fruits used as culinary vegetables
Plants
193975
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edible%20mushroom
Edible mushroom
Edible mushrooms are the fleshy fruit bodies of numerous species of macrofungi (fungi that bear fruiting structures large enough to be seen with the naked eye). Edibility may be defined by criteria including the absence of poisonous effects on humans and desirable taste and aroma. Mushrooms that have a particularly des...
Biology and health sciences
Edible fungi
Plants
194031
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear%20fuel%20cycle
Nuclear fuel cycle
The nuclear fuel cycle, also called nuclear fuel chain, is the progression of nuclear fuel through a series of differing stages. It consists of steps in the front end, which are the preparation of the fuel, steps in the service period in which the fuel is used during reactor operation, and steps in the back end, which ...
Technology
Fuel
null
194068
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue-ringed%20octopus
Blue-ringed octopus
Blue-ringed octopuses, comprising the genus Hapalochlaena, are four extremely venomous species of octopus that are found in tide pools and coral reefs in the Pacific and Indian oceans, from Japan to Australia. They can be identified by their yellowish skin and characteristic blue and black rings that can change color d...
Biology and health sciences
Cephalopods
Animals
194227
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat%20capacity
Heat capacity
Heat capacity or thermal capacity is a physical property of matter, defined as the amount of heat to be supplied to an object to produce a unit change in its temperature. The SI unit of heat capacity is joule per kelvin (J/K). Heat capacity is an extensive property. The corresponding intensive property is the speci...
Physical sciences
Thermodynamics
null
194277
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangonel
Mangonel
The mangonel, also called the traction trebuchet, was a type of trebuchet used in Ancient China starting from the Warring States period, and later across Eurasia by the 6th century AD. Unlike the later counterweight trebuchet, the mangonel operated on manpower-pulling cords attached to a lever and sling to launch proje...
Technology
Artillery
null
194422
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ball%20lightning
Ball lightning
Ball lightning is a rare and unexplained phenomenon described as luminescent, spherical objects that vary from pea-sized to several meters in diameter. Though usually associated with thunderstorms, the observed phenomenon is reported to last considerably longer than the split-second flash of a lightning bolt, and is a ...
Physical sciences
Storms
Earth science
194538
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thumb
Thumb
The thumb is the first digit of the hand, next to the index finger. When a person is standing in the medical anatomical position (where the palm is facing to the front), the thumb is the outermost digit. The Medical Latin English noun for thumb is pollex (compare hallux for big toe), and the corresponding adjective for...
Biology and health sciences
Human anatomy
Health
194578
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricinulei
Ricinulei
Ricinulei is a small order of arachnids. Like most arachnids, they are predatory; eating small arthropods. They occur today in west-central Africa (Ricinoides) and the Americas (Cryptocellus and Pseudocellus) from South America to as far north as Texas, where they either inhabit leaf-litter or caves. As of 2022, 103 ex...
Biology and health sciences
Arachnids
Animals
194603
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screwdriver
Screwdriver
A screwdriver is a tool, manual or powered, used for turning screws. Description A typical simple screwdriver has a handle and a shaft, ending in a tip the user puts into the screw head before turning the handle. This form of the screwdriver has been replaced in many workplaces and homes with a more modern and versat...
Technology
Hand tools
null
194634
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moment-generating%20function
Moment-generating function
In probability theory and statistics, the moment-generating function of a real-valued random variable is an alternative specification of its probability distribution. Thus, it provides the basis of an alternative route to analytical results compared with working directly with probability density functions or cumulative...
Mathematics
Probability
null
194637
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetate
Acetate
An acetate is a salt formed by the combination of acetic acid with a base (e.g. alkaline, earthy, metallic, nonmetallic or radical base). "Acetate" also describes the conjugate base or ion (specifically, the negatively charged ion called an anion) typically found in aqueous solution and written with the chemical formul...
Physical sciences
Acetates
Chemistry
194873
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allspice
Allspice
Allspice, also known as Jamaica pepper, myrtle pepper, pimenta, or pimento, is the dried unripe berry of Pimenta dioica, a midcanopy tree native to the Greater Antilles, southern Mexico, and Central America, now cultivated in many warm parts of the world. The name allspice was coined as early as 1621 by the English, wh...
Biology and health sciences
Herbs and spices
Plants
194883
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cymbopogon
Cymbopogon
Cymbopogon, also known as lemongrass, barbed wire grass, silky heads, oily heads, Cochin grass, Malabar grass, citronella grass or fever grass, is a genus of Asian, African, Australian, and tropical island plants in the grass family. Some species (particularly Cymbopogon citratus) are commonly cultivated as culinary an...
Biology and health sciences
Herbs and spices
Plants
194926
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petersen%20graph
Petersen graph
In the mathematical field of graph theory, the Petersen graph is an undirected graph with 10 vertices and 15 edges. It is a small graph that serves as a useful example and counterexample for many problems in graph theory. The Petersen graph is named after Julius Petersen, who in 1898 constructed it to be the smallest b...
Mathematics
Graph theory
null
195100
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voskhod%20programme
Voskhod programme
The Voskhod programme (, , Ascent or Dawn) was the second Soviet human spaceflight project. Two one-day crewed missions were flown using the Voskhod spacecraft and rocket, one in 1964 and one in 1965, and two dogs flew on a 22-day mission in 1966. Voskhod development was both a follow-on to the Vostok programme and a ...
Technology
Programs and launch sites
null
195137
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil%20refinery
Oil refinery
An oil refinery or petroleum refinery is an industrial process plant where petroleum (crude oil) is transformed and refined into products such as gasoline (petrol), diesel fuel, asphalt base, fuel oils, heating oil, kerosene, liquefied petroleum gas and petroleum naphtha. Petrochemical feedstock like ethylene and propy...
Technology
Energy and fuel
null
195164
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old%20World%20warbler
Old World warbler
The Old World warblers are a large group of birds formerly grouped together in the bird family Sylviidae. They are not closely related to the New World warblers. The family held over 400 species in over 70 genera, and were the source of much taxonomic confusion. Two families were split out initially, the cisticolas int...
Biology and health sciences
Passerida
Animals
195187
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zidovudine
Zidovudine
Zidovudine (ZDV), also known as azidothymidine (AZT), was the first antiretroviral medication used to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS. It is generally recommended for use in combination with other antiretrovirals. It may be used to prevent mother-to-child spread during birth or after a needlestick injury or other potential ...
Biology and health sciences
Antiviral drugs
Health
195193
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky
Sky
The sky is an unobstructed view upward from the surface of the Earth. It includes the atmosphere and outer space. It may also be considered a place between the ground and outer space, thus distinct from outer space. In the field of astronomy, the sky is also called the celestial sphere. This is an abstract sphere, con...
Physical sciences
Atmospheric optics
null
195198
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mist
Mist
Mist is a phenomenon caused by small droplets of water suspended in the cold air, usually by condensation. Physically, it is an example of a dispersion. It is most commonly seen where water vapor in warm, moist air meets sudden cooling, such as in exhaled air in the winter, or when throwing water onto the hot stove of ...
Physical sciences
Clouds
Earth science
195243
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemannian%20geometry
Riemannian geometry
Riemannian geometry is the branch of differential geometry that studies Riemannian manifolds, defined as smooth manifolds with a Riemannian metric (an inner product on the tangent space at each point that varies smoothly from point to point). This gives, in particular, local notions of angle, length of curves, surface ...
Mathematics
Geometry
null
195351
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacobian%20matrix%20and%20determinant
Jacobian matrix and determinant
In vector calculus, the Jacobian matrix (, ) of a vector-valued function of several variables is the matrix of all its first-order partial derivatives. When this matrix is square, that is, when the function takes the same number of variables as input as the number of vector components of its output, its determinant is ...
Mathematics
Multivariable and vector calculus
null
195407
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einstein%20notation
Einstein notation
In mathematics, especially the usage of linear algebra in mathematical physics and differential geometry, Einstein notation (also known as the Einstein summation convention or Einstein summation notation) is a notational convention that implies summation over a set of indexed terms in a formula, thus achieving brevity...
Mathematics
Linear algebra
null
195666
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derailleur
Derailleur
A derailleur is a variable-ratio bicycle gearing system consisting of a chain, multiple sprockets of different sizes, and a mechanism to move the chain from one sprocket to another. Modern front and rear derailleurs typically consist of a moveable chain-guide that is operated remotely by a Bowden cable attached to a ...
Technology
Human-powered transport
null
195729
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Period%203%20element
Period 3 element
A period 3 element is one of the chemical elements in the third row (or period) of the periodic table of the chemical elements. The periodic table is laid out in rows to illustrate recurring (periodic) trends in the chemical behavior of the elements as their atomic number increases: a new row is begun when chemical beh...
Physical sciences
Periods
Chemistry
195734
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pecan
Pecan
The pecan ( , , ; Carya illinoinensis) is a species of hickory native to the Southern United States and northern Mexico in the region of the Mississippi River. The tree is cultivated for its seed primarily in the U.S. states of Georgia, New Mexico, and Texas, and in Mexico. The seed is an edible nut used as a snack...
Biology and health sciences
Fagales
null
195752
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash%20%28photography%29
Flash (photography)
A flash is a device used in photography that produces a brief burst of light (lasting around of a second) at a color temperature of about 5500 K to help illuminate a scene. The main purpose of a flash is to illuminate a dark scene. Other uses are capturing quickly moving objects or changing the quality of light. Flash...
Technology
Photography
null
195768
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legionella
Legionella
Legionella is a genus of gram-negative bacteria that can be seen using a silver stain or grown in a special media that contains cysteine, an amino acid. It is known to cause legionellosis (all illnesses caused by Legionella) including a pneumonia-type illness called Legionnaires' disease and a mild flu-like illness cal...
Biology and health sciences
Gram-positive bacteria
Plants
195781
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian%20magpie
Australian magpie
The Australian magpie (Gymnorhina tibicen) is a black and white passerine bird native to Australia and southern New Guinea, and introduced to New Zealand, and the Fijian island of Taveuni. Although once considered to be three separate species, it is now considered to be one, with nine recognised subspecies. A member of...
Biology and health sciences
Passerida
Animals
195795
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metric%20tensor
Metric tensor
In the mathematical field of differential geometry, a metric tensor (or simply metric) is an additional structure on a manifold (such as a surface) that allows defining distances and angles, just as the inner product on a Euclidean space allows defining distances and angles there. More precisely, a metric tensor at a...
Mathematics
Linear algebra
null
195802
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurasian%20magpie
Eurasian magpie
The Eurasian magpie or common magpie (Pica pica) is a resident breeding bird throughout the northern part of the Eurasian continent. It is one of several birds in the crow family (corvids) designated magpies, and belongs to the Holarctic radiation of "monochrome" magpies. In Europe, "magpie" is used by English speakers...
Biology and health sciences
Corvoidea
null
1096021
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthworks%20%28engineering%29
Earthworks (engineering)
Earthworks are engineering works created through the processing of parts of the earth's surface involving quantities of soil or unformed rock. Shoring structures An incomplete list of possible temporary or permanent geotechnical shoring structures that may be designed and utilised as part of earthworks: Mechanically ...
Technology
Earthworks
null
1096809
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar%20night
Polar night
Polar night is a phenomenon that occurs in the northernmost and southernmost regions of Earth when the Sun remains below the horizon for more than 24 hours. This only occurs inside the polar circles. The opposite phenomenon, polar day or midnight sun, occurs when the Sun remains above the horizon for more than 24 hours...
Physical sciences
Celestial mechanics
Astronomy
1097107
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%20Delicious
Red Delicious
Red Delicious is a type of apple with a red exterior and sweet taste that was first recognized in Madison County, Iowa, in 1872. Today, the name Red Delicious comprises more than 50 cultivars. It was the most produced apple cultivar in the United States from 1968 until 2018, when it was surpassed by Gala. History The ...
Biology and health sciences
Pomes
Plants
1097186
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frilled%20lizard
Frilled lizard
The frilled lizard (Chlamydosaurus kingii), also known commonly as the frilled agama, the frillneck lizard, the frill-necked lizard, and the frilled dragon, is a species of lizard in the family Agamidae. The species is native to northern Australia and southern New Guinea and is the only member of the genus Chlamydosaur...
Biology and health sciences
Iguania
Animals
1097662
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood%20basalt
Flood basalt
A flood basalt (or plateau basalt) is the result of a giant volcanic eruption or series of eruptions that covers large stretches of land or the ocean floor with basalt lava. Many flood basalts have been attributed to the onset of a hotspot reaching the surface of the Earth via a mantle plume. Flood basalt provinces suc...
Physical sciences
Volcanic landforms
Earth science
1097818
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue-tongued%20skink
Blue-tongued skink
Blue-tongued skinks comprise the Australasian genus Tiliqua, which contains some of the largest members of the skink family (Scincidae). They are commonly called blue-tongued lizards or simply blue-tongues or blueys in Australia or panana in Indonesia. As suggested by these common names, a prominent characteristic of t...
Biology and health sciences
Lizards and other Squamata
Animals
1099196
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missile%20defense
Missile defense
Missile defense is a system, weapon, or technology involved in the detection, tracking, interception, and also the destruction of attacking missiles. Conceived as a defense against nuclear-armed intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), its application has broadened to include shorter-ranged non-nuclear tactical and...
Technology
Countermeasures
null
1099280
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye%20examination
Eye examination
An eye examination, commonly known as an eye test, is a series of tests performed to assess vision and ability to focus on and discern objects. It also includes other tests and examinations of the eyes. Eye examinations are primarily performed by an optometrist, ophthalmologist, or an orthoptist. Health care profession...
Biology and health sciences
Medical procedures
null
1099348
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morphology%20%28biology%29
Morphology (biology)
Morphology in biology is the study of the form and structure of organisms and their specific structural features. This includes aspects of the outward appearance (shape, structure, color, pattern, size), i.e. external morphology (or eidonomy), as well as the form and structure of internal parts like bones and organs, ...
Biology and health sciences
Basic anatomy
Biology
1099396
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug%20interaction
Drug interaction
In pharmaceutical sciences, drug interactions occur when a drug's mechanism of action is affected by the concomitant administration of substances such as foods, beverages, or other drugs. A popular example of drug–food interaction is the effect of grapefruit on the metabolism of drugs. Interactions may occur by simul...
Biology and health sciences
General concepts_2
Health
1099413
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital%20eccentricity
Orbital eccentricity
In astrodynamics, the orbital eccentricity of an astronomical object is a dimensionless parameter that determines the amount by which its orbit around another body deviates from a perfect circle. A value of 0 is a circular orbit, values between 0 and 1 form an elliptic orbit, 1 is a parabolic escape orbit (or capture o...
Physical sciences
Celestial mechanics
Astronomy
9107162
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ScRGB
ScRGB
scRGB is a wide color gamut RGB color space created by Microsoft and HP that uses the same color primaries and white/black points as the sRGB color space but allows coordinates below zero and greater than one. The full range is −0.5 through just less than +7.5. Negative numbers enables scRGB to encompass most of the C...
Physical sciences
Basics
Physics
655358
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard%20time
Standard time
Standard time is the synchronization of clocks within a geographical region to a single time standard, rather than a local mean time standard. Generally, standard time agrees with the local mean time at some meridian that passes through the region, often near the centre of the region. Historically, standard time was es...
Technology
Timekeeping
null
656713
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta%20Pictoris
Beta Pictoris
Beta Pictoris (abbreviated β Pictoris or β Pic) is the second brightest star in the constellation Pictor. It is located from the Solar System, and is 1.75 times as massive and 8.7 times as luminous as the Sun. The Beta Pictoris system is very young, only 20 to 26 million years old, although it is already in the main...
Physical sciences
Notable stars
Astronomy
656951
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%27s%20health
Women's health
Women's health differs from that of men's health in many unique ways. Women's health is an example of population health, where health is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as "a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity". Often treated as sim...
Biology and health sciences
Health and fitness: General
Health
656965
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymer%20chemistry
Polymer chemistry
Polymer chemistry is a sub-discipline of chemistry that focuses on the structures, chemical synthesis, and chemical and physical properties of polymers and macromolecules. The principles and methods used within polymer chemistry are also applicable through a wide range of other chemistry sub-disciplines like organic ch...
Physical sciences
Chemistry: General
null
656979
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental%20chemistry
Environmental chemistry
Environmental chemistry is the scientific study of the chemical and biochemical phenomena that occur in natural places. It should not be confused with green chemistry, which seeks to reduce potential pollution at its source. It can be defined as the study of the sources, reactions, transport, effects, and fates of chem...
Physical sciences
Chemistry: General
null
657224
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedrock
Bedrock
In geology, bedrock is solid rock that lies under loose material (regolith) within the crust of Earth or another terrestrial planet. Definition Bedrock is the solid rock that underlies looser surface material. An exposed portion of bedrock is often called an outcrop. The various kinds of broken and weathered rock ma...
Physical sciences
Petrology
Earth science
657938
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viper
Viper
Vipers are snakes in the family Viperidae, found in most parts of the world, except for Antarctica, Australia, Hawaii, Madagascar, New Zealand, Ireland, and various other isolated islands. They are venomous and have long (relative to non-vipers), hinged fangs that permit deep penetration and injection of their venom. T...
Biology and health sciences
Snakes
Animals
1672587
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caisson%20%28engineering%29
Caisson (engineering)
In geotechnical engineering, a caisson (; borrowed , , an augmentative of ) is a watertight retaining structure used, for example, to work on the foundations of a bridge pier, for the construction of a concrete dam, or for the repair of ships. Caissons are constructed in such a way that the water can be pumped out, ke...
Technology
Hydraulic infrastructure
null
1672590
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbers%20and%20caissons
Limbers and caissons
A limber is a two-wheeled cart designed to support the trail of an artillery piece, or the stock of a field carriage such as a caisson or traveling forge, allowing it to be towed. The trail is the hinder end of the stock of a gun-carriage, which rests or slides on the ground when the carriage is unlimbered. A caisson ...
Technology
Artillery
null
1673288
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron%20magnetic%20moment
Electron magnetic moment
In atomic physics, the electron magnetic moment, or more specifically the electron magnetic dipole moment, is the magnetic moment of an electron resulting from its intrinsic properties of spin and electric charge. The value of the electron magnetic moment (symbol μe) is In units of the Bohr magneton (μB), it is , a v...
Physical sciences
Physical constants
Physics
1674141
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacancy%20defect
Vacancy defect
In crystallography, a vacancy is a type of point defect in a crystal where an atom is missing from one of the lattice sites. Crystals inherently possess imperfections, sometimes referred to as crystallographic defects. Vacancies occur naturally in all crystalline materials. At any given temperature, up to the melting...
Physical sciences
Crystallography
Physics
1674308
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen%20halide
Hydrogen halide
In chemistry, hydrogen halides (hydrohalic acids when in the aqueous phase) are diatomic, inorganic compounds that function as Arrhenius acids. The formula is HX where X is one of the halogens: fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, astatine, or tennessine. All known hydrogen halides are gases at standard temperature and...
Physical sciences
Hydrogen compounds
Chemistry
72903
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canvas
Canvas
Canvas is an extremely durable plain-woven fabric used for making sails, tents, marquees, backpacks, shelters, as a support for oil painting and for other items for which sturdiness is required, as well as in such fashion objects as handbags, electronic device cases, and shoes. It is popularly used by artists as a pain...
Technology
Fabrics and fibers
null
72907
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sundial
Sundial
A sundial is a horological device that tells the time of day (referred to as civil time in modern usage) when direct sunlight shines by the apparent position of the Sun in the sky. In the narrowest sense of the word, it consists of a flat plate (the dial) and a gnomon, which casts a shadow onto the dial. As the Sun app...
Technology
Timekeeping
null
72949
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millimetre
Millimetre
The millimetre (international spelling; SI unit symbol mm) or millimeter (American spelling) is a unit of length in the International System of Units (SI), equal to one thousandth of a metre, which is the SI base unit of length. Therefore, there are one thousand millimetres in a metre. There are ten millimetres in a ce...
Physical sciences
Metric
Basics and measurement
72967
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubic%20centimetre
Cubic centimetre
A cubic centimetre (or cubic centimeter in US English) (SI unit symbol: cm3; non-SI abbreviations: cc and ccm) is a commonly used unit of volume that corresponds to the volume of a cube that measures 1 cm × 1 cm × 1 cm. One cubic centimetre corresponds to a volume of one millilitre. The mass of one cubic centimetre of...
Physical sciences
Volume
Basics and measurement
73102
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Residue%20%28complex%20analysis%29
Residue (complex analysis)
In mathematics, more specifically complex analysis, the residue is a complex number proportional to the contour integral of a meromorphic function along a path enclosing one of its singularities. (More generally, residues can be calculated for any function that is holomorphic except at the discrete points {ak}k, even ...
Mathematics
Complex analysis
null
73218
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface%20weather%20analysis
Surface weather analysis
Surface weather analysis is a special type of weather map that provides a view of weather elements over a geographical area at a specified time based on information from ground-based weather stations. Weather maps are created by plotting or tracing the values of relevant quantities such as sea level pressure, temperat...
Physical sciences
Meteorology: General
Earth science
73222
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parakeet
Parakeet
A parakeet is any one of many small- to medium-sized species of parrot, in multiple genera, that generally has long tail feathers. Etymology and naming The name parakeet is derived from the French word perroquet, which is reflected in some older spellings that are still sometimes encountered, including paroquet or pa...
Biology and health sciences
Psittaciformes
Animals
73231
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weather%20forecasting
Weather forecasting
Weather forecasting is the application of science and technology to predict the conditions of the atmosphere for a given location and time. People have attempted to predict the weather informally for millennia and formally since the 19th century. Weather forecasts are made by collecting quantitative data about the cur...
Physical sciences
Meteorology: General
null
73316
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tacoma%20Narrows%20Bridge
Tacoma Narrows Bridge
The Tacoma Narrows Bridge is a pair of twin suspension bridges that span the Tacoma Narrows strait of Puget Sound in Pierce County, Washington. The bridges connect the city of Tacoma with the Kitsap Peninsula and carry State Route 16 (known as Primary State Highway 14 until 1964) over the strait. Historically, the name...
Technology
Bridges
null
73321
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avalanche
Avalanche
An avalanche is a rapid flow of snow down a slope, such as a hill or mountain. Avalanches can be triggered spontaneously, by factors such as increased precipitation or snowpack weakening, or by external means such as humans, other animals, and earthquakes. Primarily composed of flowing snow and air, large avalanches ha...
Physical sciences
Natural disasters
null
73348
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendula
Calendula
Calendula () is a genus of about 15–20 species of annual and perennial herbaceous plants in the daisy family, Asteraceae that are often known as marigolds. They are native to Europe, North Africa, Macaronesia and West Asia, and have their center of diversity in the Mediterranean Region. Other plants known as marigolds ...
Biology and health sciences
Asterales
Plants
73390
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Residue%20theorem
Residue theorem
In complex analysis, the residue theorem, sometimes called Cauchy's residue theorem, is a powerful tool to evaluate line integrals of analytic functions over closed curves; it can often be used to compute real integrals and infinite series as well. It generalizes the Cauchy integral theorem and Cauchy's integral formul...
Mathematics
Complex analysis
null