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27774 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scanning%20tunneling%20microscope | Scanning tunneling microscope | A scanning tunneling microscope (STM) is a type of scanning probe microscope used for imaging surfaces at the atomic level. Its development in 1981 earned its inventors, Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer, then at IBM Zürich, the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1986. STM senses the surface by using an extremely sharp conducting... | Technology | Optical instruments | null |
27783 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stem%20cell | Stem cell | In multicellular organisms, stem cells are undifferentiated or partially differentiated cells that can change into various types of cells and proliferate indefinitely to produce more of the same stem cell. They are the earliest type of cell in a cell lineage. They are found in both embryonic and adult organisms, but th... | Biology and health sciences | Cell processes | null |
27790 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schizophrenia | Schizophrenia | Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized variously by hallucinations (typically, hearing voices), delusions, disorganized thinking and behavior, and flat or inappropriate affect. Symptoms develop gradually and typically begin during young adulthood and are never resolved. There is no objective diagnostic test; ... | Biology and health sciences | Mental disorder | null |
27813 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systematics | Systematics | Systematics is the study of the diversification of living forms, both past and present, and the relationships among living things through time. Relationships are visualized as evolutionary trees (synonyms: phylogenetic trees, phylogenies). Phylogenies have two components: branching order (showing group relationships, ... | Biology and health sciences | Basics_4 | Biology |
27834 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep | Sleep | Sleep is a state of reduced mental and physical activity in which consciousness is altered and certain sensory activity is inhibited. During sleep, there is a marked decrease in muscle activity and interactions with the surrounding environment. While sleep differs from wakefulness in terms of the ability to react to st... | Biology and health sciences | Biology | null |
27838 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequence | Sequence | In mathematics, a sequence is an enumerated collection of objects in which repetitions are allowed and order matters. Like a set, it contains members (also called elements, or terms). The number of elements (possibly infinite) is called the length of the sequence. Unlike a set, the same elements can appear multiple tim... | Mathematics | Calculus and analysis | null |
27856 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schr%C3%B6dinger%27s%20cat | Schrödinger's cat | In quantum mechanics, Schrödinger's cat is a thought experiment concerning quantum superposition. In the thought experiment, a hypothetical cat may be considered simultaneously both alive and dead, while it is unobserved in a closed box, as a result of its fate being linked to a random subatomic event that may or may n... | Physical sciences | Quantum mechanics | Physics |
27859 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphere | Sphere | A sphere (from Greek , ) is a geometrical object that is a three-dimensional analogue to a two-dimensional circle. Formally, a sphere is the set of points that are all at the same distance from a given point in three-dimensional space. That given point is the center of the sphere, and is the sphere's radius. The earl... | Mathematics | Geometry | null |
27863 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sword | Sword | A sword is an edged, bladed weapon intended for manual cutting or thrusting. Its blade, longer than a knife or dagger, is attached to a hilt and can be straight or curved. A thrusting sword tends to have a straighter blade with a pointed tip. A slashing sword is more likely to be curved and to have a sharpened cutting... | Technology | Melee weapons | null |
27865 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface%20%28topology%29 | Surface (topology) | In the part of mathematics referred to as topology, a surface is a two-dimensional manifold. Some surfaces arise as the boundaries of three-dimensional solid figures; for example, the sphere is the boundary of the solid ball. Other surfaces arise as graphs of functions of two variables; see the figure at right. However... | Mathematics | Topology | null |
27873 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surjective%20function | Surjective function | In mathematics, a surjective function (also known as surjection, or onto function ) is a function such that, for every element of the function's codomain, there exists one element in the function's domain such that . In other words, for a function , the codomain is the image of the function's domain . It is not re... | Mathematics | Functions: General | null |
27919 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociobiology | Sociobiology | Sociobiology is a field of biology that aims to explain social behavior in terms of evolution. It draws from disciplines including psychology, ethology, anthropology, evolution, zoology, archaeology, and population genetics. Within the study of human societies, sociobiology is closely allied to evolutionary anthropolog... | Biology and health sciences | Basics_4 | Biology |
27969 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural%20isomer | Structural isomer | In chemistry, a structural isomer (or constitutional isomer in the IUPAC nomenclature) of a compound is another compound whose molecule has the same number of atoms of each element, but with logically distinct bonds between them. The term metamer was formerly used for the same concept.
For example, butanol , methyl p... | Physical sciences | Substance | Chemistry |
27970 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stereoisomerism | Stereoisomerism | In stereochemistry, stereoisomerism, or spatial isomerism, is a form of isomerism in which molecules have the same molecular formula and sequence of bonded atoms (constitution), but differ in the three-dimensional orientations of their atoms in space. This contrasts with structural isomers, which share the same molecul... | Physical sciences | Stereochemistry | Chemistry |
27978 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skin | Skin | Skin is the layer of usually soft, flexible outer tissue covering the body of a vertebrate animal, with three main functions: protection, regulation, and sensation.
Other animal coverings, such as the arthropod exoskeleton, have different developmental origin, structure and chemical composition. The adjective cutaneou... | Biology and health sciences | Biology | null |
27979 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight | Sunlight | Sunlight is a portion of the electromagnetic radiation given off by the Sun, in particular infrared, visible, and ultraviolet light. On Earth, sunlight is scattered and filtered through Earth's atmosphere as daylight when the Sun is above the horizon. When direct solar radiation is not blocked by clouds, it is experien... | Physical sciences | Atmospheric optics | Earth science |
27980 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellar%20evolution | Stellar evolution | Stellar evolution is the process by which a star changes over the course of its lifetime and how it can lead to the creation of a new star. Depending on the mass of the star, its lifetime can range from a few million years for the most massive to trillions of years for the least massive, which is considerably longer th... | Physical sciences | Stellar astronomy | null |
27984 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strong%20interaction | Strong interaction | In nuclear physics and particle physics, the strong interaction, also called the strong force or strong nuclear force, is a fundamental interaction that confines quarks into protons, neutrons, and other hadron particles. The strong interaction also binds neutrons and protons to create atomic nuclei, where it is called ... | Physical sciences | Physics | null |
28002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple%20machine | Simple machine | A simple machine is a mechanical device that changes the direction or magnitude of a force. In general, they can be defined as the simplest mechanisms that use mechanical advantage (also called leverage) to multiply force. Usually the term refers to the six classical simple machines that were defined by Renaissance sci... | Technology | Tools and machinery | null |
28017 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirius | Sirius | Sirius is the brightest star in the night sky. Its name is derived from the Greek word (Latin script: ), meaning 'glowing' or 'scorching'. The star is designated Canis Majoris, Latinized to Alpha Canis Majoris, and abbreviated CMa or Alpha CMa. With a visual apparent magnitude of −1.46, Sirius is almost twice as br... | Physical sciences | Notable stars | null |
28034 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scanning%20electron%20microscope | Scanning electron microscope | A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is a type of electron microscope that produces images of a sample by scanning the surface with a focused beam of electrons. The electrons interact with atoms in the sample, producing various signals that contain information about the surface topography and composition of the sample.... | Technology | Optical instruments | null |
28142 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercluster | Supercluster | A supercluster is a large group of smaller galaxy clusters or galaxy groups; they are among the largest known structures in the universe. The Milky Way is part of the Local Group galaxy group (which contains more than 54 galaxies), which in turn is part of the Virgo Supercluster, which is part of the Laniakea Superclus... | Physical sciences | Basics_3 | null |
28143 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salicylic%20acid | Salicylic acid | Salicylic acid is an organic compound with the formula HOC6H4COOH. A colorless (or white), bitter-tasting solid, it is a precursor to and a metabolite of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin). It is a plant hormone, and has been listed by the EPA Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Substance Inventory as an experimen... | Biology and health sciences | Plant hormone | Biology |
28144 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seaborgium | Seaborgium | Seaborgium is a synthetic chemical element; it has symbol Sg and atomic number 106. It is named after the American nuclear chemist Glenn T. Seaborg. As a synthetic element, it can be created in a laboratory but is not found in nature. It is also radioactive; the most stable known isotopes have half lives on the order o... | Physical sciences | Group 6 | Chemistry |
28149 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serpens | Serpens | Serpens () is a constellation in the northern celestial hemisphere. One of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, it remains one of the 88 modern constellations designated by the International Astronomical Union. It is unique among the modern constellations in being split into two non-conti... | Physical sciences | Other | Astronomy |
28153 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Search%20for%20extraterrestrial%20intelligence | Search for extraterrestrial intelligence | The search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) is a collective term for scientific searches for intelligent extraterrestrial life. Methods include monitoring electromagnetic radiation for signs of transmissions from civilizations on other planets, optical observation, and the search for physical artifacts. Attempt... | Physical sciences | Astronomy basics | Astronomy |
28154 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sextans | Sextans | Sextans is a faint, minor constellation on the celestial equator which was introduced in 1687 by Polish astronomer Johannes Hevelius. Its name is Latin for the astronomical sextant, an instrument that Hevelius made frequent use of in his observations.
Characteristics
Sextans is a medium sized constellation bordering L... | Physical sciences | Other | Astronomy |
28163 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagitta | Sagitta | Sagitta is a dim but distinctive constellation in the northern sky. Its name is Latin for 'arrow', not to be confused with the significantly larger constellation Sagittarius 'the archer'. It was included among the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 modern conste... | Physical sciences | Other | Astronomy |
28174 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data%20storage | Data storage | Data storage is the recording (storing) of information (data) in a storage medium. Handwriting, phonographic recording, magnetic tape, and optical discs are all examples of storage media. Biological molecules such as RNA and DNA are considered by some as data storage. Recording may be accomplished with virtually any fo... | Technology | Data storage | null |
28184 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound%20card | Sound card | A sound card (also known as an audio card) is an internal expansion card that provides input and output of audio signals to and from a computer under the control of computer programs. The term sound card is also applied to external audio interfaces used for professional audio applications.
Sound functionality can also... | Technology | Computer hardware | null |
28189 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space%20Shuttle | Space Shuttle | The Space Shuttle is a retired, partially reusable low Earth orbital spacecraft system operated from 1981 to 2011 by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) as part of the Space Shuttle program. Its official program name was Space Transportation System (STS), taken from the 1969 plan led by U.S. V... | Technology | Crewed spacecraft | null |
28191 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snow | Snow | Snow consists of individual ice crystals that grow while suspended in the atmosphere—usually within clouds—and then fall, accumulating on the ground where they undergo further changes. It consists of frozen crystalline water throughout its life cycle, starting when, under suitable conditions, the ice crystals form in t... | Physical sciences | Earth science | null |
28212 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skewness | Skewness | In probability theory and statistics, skewness is a measure of the asymmetry of the probability distribution of a real-valued random variable about its mean. The skewness value can be positive, zero, negative, or undefined.
For a unimodal distribution (a distribution with a single peak), negative skew commonly indicat... | Mathematics | Probability | null |
28219 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spontaneous%20emission | Spontaneous emission | Spontaneous emission is the process in which a quantum mechanical system (such as a molecule, an atom or a subatomic particle) transits from an excited energy state to a lower energy state (e.g., its ground state) and emits a quantized amount of energy in the form of a photon. Spontaneous emission is ultimately respons... | Physical sciences | Atomic physics | Physics |
28249 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Search%20algorithm | Search algorithm | In computer science, a search algorithm is an algorithm designed to solve a search problem. Search algorithms work to retrieve information stored within particular data structure, or calculated in the search space of a problem domain, with either discrete or continuous values.
Although search engines use search algori... | Mathematics | Algorithms | null |
28266 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scurvy | Scurvy | Scurvy is a deficiency disease (state of malnutrition) resulting from a lack of vitamin C (ascorbic acid). Early symptoms of deficiency include weakness, fatigue, and sore arms and legs. Without treatment, decreased red blood cells, gum disease, changes to hair, and bleeding from the skin may occur. As scurvy worsens, ... | Biology and health sciences | Health and fitness: General | Health |
28267 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney%20Harbour%20Bridge | Sydney Harbour Bridge | The Sydney Harbour Bridge is a steel through arch bridge in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, spanning Sydney Harbour from the central business district (CBD) to the North Shore. The view of the bridge, the Harbour, and the nearby Sydney Opera House is widely regarded as an iconic image of Sydney, and of Australia it... | Technology | Bridges | null |
28284 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switch | Switch | In electrical engineering, a switch is an electrical component that can disconnect or connect the conducting path in an electrical circuit, interrupting the electric current or diverting it from one conductor to another. The most common type of switch is an electromechanical device consisting of one or more sets of mov... | Technology | Components | null |
28299 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steradian | Steradian | The steradian (symbol: sr) or square radian is the unit of solid angle in the International System of Units (SI). It is used in three dimensional geometry, and is analogous to the radian, which quantifies planar angles. A solid angle in the form of a right circular cone can be projected onto a sphere, defining a spheri... | Physical sciences | Angle | null |
28305 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String%20theory | String theory | In physics, string theory is a theoretical framework in which the point-like particles of particle physics are replaced by one-dimensional objects called strings. String theory describes how these strings propagate through space and interact with each other. On distance scales larger than the string scale, a string act... | Physical sciences | Particle physics: General | null |
28347 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sling%20%28weapon%29 | Sling (weapon) | A sling is a projectile weapon typically used to hand-throw a blunt projectile such as a stone, clay, or lead "sling-bullet". It is also known as the shepherd's sling or slingshot (in British English, although elsewhere it means something else). Someone who specializes in using slings is called a slinger.
A sling has ... | Technology | Projectile weapons | null |
28362 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freight%20transport | Freight transport | Freight transport, also referred to as freight forwarding, is the physical process of transporting commodities and merchandise goods and cargo. The term shipping originally referred to transport by sea but in American English, it has been extended to refer to transport by land or air (International English: "carriage")... | Technology | Basics_11 | null |
28368 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spamming | Spamming | Spamming is the use of messaging systems to send multiple unsolicited messages (spam) to large numbers of recipients for the purpose of commercial advertising, non-commercial proselytizing, or any prohibited purpose (especially phishing), or simply repeatedly sending the same message to the same user. While the most wi... | Technology | Networks | null |
28394 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuttering | Stuttering | Stuttering, also known as stammering, is a speech disorder characterized externally by involuntary repetitions and prolongations of sounds, syllables, words, or phrases as well as involuntary silent pauses called blocks in which the person who stutters is unable to produce sounds. Almost 80 million people worldwide stu... | Biology and health sciences | Disabilities | Health |
28420 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific%20heat%20capacity | Specific heat capacity | In thermodynamics, the specific heat capacity (symbol ) of a substance is the amount of heat that must be added to one unit of mass of the substance in order to cause an increase of one unit in temperature. It is also referred to as Massic heat capacity or as the Specific heat. More formally it is the heat capacity of ... | Physical sciences | Thermodynamics | Physics |
28422 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slingshot | Slingshot | A slingshot or catapult is a small hand-powered projectile weapon. The classic form consists of a Y-shaped frame, with two tubes or strips made from either a natural rubber or synthetic elastic material. These are attached to the upper two ends. The other ends of the strips lead back to a pouch that holds the projectil... | Technology | Ranged weapons | null |
28431 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space%20exploration | Space exploration | Space exploration is the use of astronomy and space technology to explore outer space. While the exploration of space is currently carried out mainly by astronomers with telescopes, its physical exploration is conducted both by uncrewed robotic space probes and human spaceflight. Space exploration, like its classical f... | Technology | Space | null |
28437 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple%20harmonic%20motion | Simple harmonic motion | In mechanics and physics, simple harmonic motion (sometimes abbreviated as ) is a special type of periodic motion an object experiences by means of a restoring force whose magnitude is directly proportional to the distance of the object from an equilibrium position and acts towards the equilibrium position. It results ... | Physical sciences | Basics_10 | null |
28442 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorting%20algorithm | Sorting algorithm | In computer science, a sorting algorithm is an algorithm that puts elements of a list into an order. The most frequently used orders are numerical order and lexicographical order, and either ascending or descending. Efficient sorting is important for optimizing the efficiency of other algorithms (such as search and mer... | Mathematics | Algorithms | null |
28445 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep%20apnea | Sleep apnea | Sleep apnea (sleep apnoea or sleep apnœa in British English) is a sleep-related breathing disorder in which repetitive pauses in breathing, periods of shallow breathing, or collapse of the upper airway during sleep results in poor ventilation and sleep disruption. Each pause in breathing can last for a few seconds to a... | Biology and health sciences | Mental disorders | Health |
28469 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimulated%20emission | Stimulated emission | Stimulated emission is the process by which an incoming photon of a specific frequency can interact with an excited atomic electron (or other excited molecular state), causing it to drop to a lower energy level. The liberated energy transfers to the electromagnetic field, creating a new photon with a frequency, polariz... | Physical sciences | Atomic physics | Physics |
28481 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical%20mechanics | Statistical mechanics | In physics, statistical mechanics is a mathematical framework that applies statistical methods and probability theory to large assemblies of microscopic entities. Sometimes called statistical physics or statistical thermodynamics, its applications include many problems in the fields of physics, biology, chemistry, neur... | Physical sciences | Statistical mechanics | null |
28483 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solstice | Solstice | A solstice is the time when the Sun reaches its most northerly or southerly excursion relative to the celestial equator on the celestial sphere. Two solstices occur annually, around 20–22 June and 20–22 December. In many countries, the seasons of the year are defined by reference to the solstices and the equinoxes.
Th... | Physical sciences | Celestial sphere | null |
28484 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnik%201 | Sputnik 1 | Sputnik 1 (, , Satellite 1), sometimes referred to as simply Sputnik, was the first artificial Earth satellite. It was launched into an elliptical low Earth orbit by the Soviet Union on 4 October 1957 as part of the Soviet space program. It sent a radio signal back to Earth for three weeks before its three silver-zinc... | Technology | Uncrewed spacecraft | null |
28491 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submachine%20gun | Submachine gun | A submachine gun (SMG) is a magazine-fed automatic carbine designed to fire handgun cartridges. The term "submachine gun" was coined by John T. Thompson, the inventor of the Thompson submachine gun, to describe its design concept as an automatic firearm with notably less firepower than a machine gun (hence the prefix "... | Technology | Firearms | null |
28492 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squirrel | Squirrel | Squirrels are members of the family Sciuridae (), a family that includes small or medium-sized rodents. The squirrel family includes tree squirrels, ground squirrels (including chipmunks and prairie dogs, among others), and flying squirrels. Squirrels are indigenous to the Americas, Eurasia, and Africa, and were introd... | Biology and health sciences | Rodents | null |
28524 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA%20splicing | RNA splicing | RNA splicing is a process in molecular biology where a newly-made precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) transcript is transformed into a mature messenger RNA (mRNA). It works by removing all the introns (non-coding regions of RNA) and splicing back together exons (coding regions). For nuclear-encoded genes, splicing occur... | Biology and health sciences | Molecular biology | Biology |
28538 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar%20wind | Solar wind | The solar wind is a stream of charged particles released from the Sun's outermost atmospheric layer, the corona. This plasma mostly consists of electrons, protons and alpha particles with kinetic energy between . The composition of the solar wind plasma also includes a mixture of particle species found in the solar pla... | Physical sciences | Stellar astronomy | null |
28580 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springbok | Springbok | The springbok or springbuck (Antidorcas marsupialis) is an antelope found mainly in south and southwest Africa. The sole member of the genus Antidorcas, this bovid was first described by the German zoologist Eberhard August Wilhelm von Zimmermann in 1780. Three subspecies are identified. A slender, long-legged antelope... | Biology and health sciences | Bovidae | Animals |
28603 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star%20cluster | Star cluster | Star clusters are large groups of stars held together by self-gravitation. Two main types of star clusters can be distinguished. Globular clusters are tight groups of ten thousand to millions of old stars which are gravitationally bound. Open clusters are more loosely clustered groups of stars, generally containing few... | Physical sciences | Stellar astronomy | null |
28625 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supervolcano | Supervolcano | A supervolcano is a volcano that has had an eruption with a volcanic explosivity index (VEI) of 8, the largest recorded value on the index. This means the volume of deposits for such an eruption is greater than .
Supervolcanoes occur when magma in the mantle rises into the crust but is unable to break through it. Pres... | Physical sciences | Volcanology | Earth science |
28648 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String-searching%20algorithm | String-searching algorithm | A string-searching algorithm, sometimes called string-matching algorithm, is an algorithm that searches a body of text for portions that match by pattern.
A basic example of string searching is when the pattern and the searched text are arrays of elements of an alphabet (finite set) Σ. Σ may be a human language alpha... | Mathematics | Algorithms | null |
28650 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoichiometry | Stoichiometry | Stoichiometry () is the relationships between the masses of reactants and products before, during, and following chemical reactions.
Stoichiometry is founded on the law of conservation of mass where the total mass of the reactants equals the total mass of the products, leading to the insight that the relations between... | Physical sciences | Reaction | Chemistry |
28682 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streaming%20media | Streaming media | Streaming media refers to multimedia delivered through a network for playback using a media player. Media is transferred in a stream of packets from a server to a client and is rendered in real-time; this contrasts with file downloading, a process in which the end-user obtains an entire media file before consuming the... | Technology | Broadcasting | null |
28706 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SECAM | SECAM | SECAM, also written SÉCAM (, Séquentiel de couleur à mémoire, French for color sequential with memory), is an analog color television system that was used in France, Russia and some other countries or territories of Europe and Africa. It was one of three major analog color television standards, the others being PAL and... | Technology | Broadcasting | null |
28710 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smelt%20%28fish%29 | Smelt (fish) | Smelts are a family of small fish, the Osmeridae, found in the North Atlantic and North Pacific oceans, as well as rivers, streams and lakes in Europe, North America and Northeast Asia. They are also known as freshwater smelts or typical smelts to distinguish them from the related Argentinidae (herring smelts or argent... | Biology and health sciences | Osmeriformes | null |
28714 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stethoscope | Stethoscope | The stethoscope is a medical device for auscultation, or listening to internal sounds of an animal or human body. It typically has a small disc-shaped resonator that is placed against the skin, with either one or two tubes connected to two earpieces. A stethoscope can be used to listen to the sounds made by the heart,... | Technology | Devices | null |
28716 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smelting | Smelting | Smelting is a process of applying heat and a chemical reducing agent to an ore to extract a desired base metal product. It is a form of extractive metallurgy that is used to obtain many metals such as iron, copper, silver, tin, lead and zinc. Smelting uses heat and a chemical reducing agent to decompose the ore, drivin... | Technology | Metallurgy | null |
28729 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solution%20%28chemistry%29 | Solution (chemistry) | In chemistry, a solution is defined by IUPAC as "A liquid or solid phase containing more than one substance, when for convenience one (or more) substance, which is called the solvent, is treated differently from the other substances, which are called solutes. When, as is often but not necessarily the case, the sum of t... | Physical sciences | Chemical mixtures: General | null |
28730 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security%20engineering | Security engineering | Security engineering is the process of incorporating security controls into an information system so that the controls become an integral part of the system's operational capabilities. It is similar to other systems engineering activities in that its primary motivation is to support the delivery of engineering solution... | Technology | Disciplines | null |
28733 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steganography | Steganography | Steganography ( ) is the practice of representing information within another message or physical object, in such a manner that the presence of the concealed information would not be evident to an unsuspecting person's examination. In computing/electronic contexts, a computer file, message, image, or video is concealed ... | Technology | Computer security | null |
28736 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed%20of%20light | Speed of light | The speed of light in vacuum, commonly denoted , is a universal physical constant that is exactly equal to ). According to the special theory of relativity, is the upper limit for the speed at which conventional matter or energy (and thus any signal carrying information) can travel through space.
All forms of electro... | Physical sciences | Physics | null |
28742 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercontinent | Supercontinent | In geology, a supercontinent is the assembly of most or all of Earth's continental blocks or cratons to form a single large landmass. However, some geologists use a different definition, "a grouping of formerly dispersed continents", which leaves room for interpretation and is easier to apply to Precambrian times. To s... | Physical sciences | Paleogeography | Earth science |
28743 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slide%20rule | Slide rule | A slide rule is a hand-operated mechanical calculator consisting of slidable rulers for evaluating mathematical operations such as multiplication, division, exponents, roots, logarithms, and trigonometry. It is one of the simplest analog computers.
Slide rules exist in a diverse range of styles and generally appear in... | Technology | Basics_4 | null |
28748 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed | Speed | In kinematics, the speed (commonly referred to as v) of an object is the magnitude of the change of its position over time or the magnitude of the change of its position per unit of time; it is thus a non-negative scalar quantity. The average speed of an object in an interval of time is the distance travelled by the ob... | Physical sciences | Classical mechanics | null |
28758 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spacetime | Spacetime | In physics, spacetime, also called the space-time continuum, is a mathematical model that fuses the three dimensions of space and the one dimension of time into a single four-dimensional continuum. Spacetime diagrams are useful in visualizing and understanding relativistic effects, such as how different observers perce... | Physical sciences | Basics_6 | null |
28767 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statics | Statics | Statics is the branch of classical mechanics that is concerned with the analysis of force and torque acting on a physical system that does not experience an acceleration, but rather is in equilibrium with its environment.
If is the total of the forces acting on the system, is the mass of the system and is the acce... | Physical sciences | Basics_10 | null |
28769 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maritime%20transport | Maritime transport | Maritime transport (or ocean transport) or more generally waterborne transport, is the transport of people (passengers) or goods (cargo) via waterways. Freight transport by sea has been widely used throughout recorded history. The advent of aviation has diminished the importance of sea travel for passengers, though it ... | Technology | Maritime transport | null |
28825 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submarine | Submarine | A submarine (or sub) is a watercraft capable of independent operation underwater. (It differs from a submersible, which has more limited underwater capability.) The term “submarine” is also sometimes used historically or informally to refer to remotely operated vehicles and robots, or to medium-sized or smaller vessels... | Technology | Naval warfare | null |
28837 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege%20tower | Siege tower | A Roman siege tower or breaching tower (or in the Middle Ages, a belfry) is a specialized siege engine, constructed to protect assailants and ladders while approaching the defensive walls of a fortification. The tower was often rectangular with four wheels with its height roughly equal to that of the wall or sometimes ... | Technology | Military technology: General | null |
28848 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scabies | Scabies | Scabies (; also sometimes known as the seven-year itch) is a contagious human skin infestation by the tiny (0.2–0.45 mm) mite Sarcoptes scabiei, variety hominis. The word is from . The most common symptoms are severe itchiness and a pimple-like rash. Occasionally, tiny burrows may appear on the skin. In a first-ever in... | Biology and health sciences | Infectious disease | null |
28852 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syphilis | Syphilis | Syphilis () is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum. The signs and symptoms depend on the stage it presents: primary, secondary, latent or tertiary. The primary stage classically presents with a single chancre (a firm, painless, non-itchy skin ulceration usuall... | Biology and health sciences | Infectious disease | null |
28857 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal%20transduction | Signal transduction | Signal transduction is the process by which a chemical or physical signal is transmitted through a cell as a series of molecular events. Proteins responsible for detecting stimuli are generally termed receptors, although in some cases the term sensor is used. The changes elicited by ligand binding (or signal sensing) i... | Biology and health sciences | Cell processes | Biology |
28922 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scorpion | Scorpion | Scorpions are predatory arachnids of the order Scorpiones. They have eight legs and are easily recognized by a pair of grasping pincers and a narrow, segmented tail, often carried in a characteristic forward curve over the back and always ending with a stinger. The evolutionary history of scorpions goes back 435 millio... | Biology and health sciences | Arachnids | null |
28927 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellar%20classification | Stellar classification | In astronomy, stellar classification is the classification of stars based on their spectral characteristics. Electromagnetic radiation from the star is analyzed by splitting it with a prism or diffraction grating into a spectrum exhibiting the rainbow of colors interspersed with spectral lines. Each line indicates a pa... | Physical sciences | Stellar astronomy | null |
28930 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SN%201987A | SN 1987A | SN 1987A was a type II supernova in the Large Magellanic Cloud, a dwarf satellite galaxy of the Milky Way. It occurred approximately from Earth and was the closest observed supernova since Kepler's Supernova in 1604. Light and neutrinos from the explosion reached Earth on February 23, 1987 and was designated "SN 1987A... | Physical sciences | Notable transient events | Astronomy |
28935 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismology | Seismology | Seismology (; from Ancient Greek σεισμός (seismós) meaning "earthquake" and -λογία (-logía) meaning "study of") is the scientific study of earthquakes (or generally, quakes) and the generation and propagation of elastic waves through planetary bodies. It also includes studies of the environmental effects of earthquakes... | Physical sciences | Geophysics | null |
28938 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell%20script | Shell script | A shell script is a computer program designed to be run by a Unix shell, a command-line interpreter. The various dialects of shell scripts are considered to be command languages. Typical operations performed by shell scripts include file manipulation, program execution, and printing text. A script which sets up the env... | Technology | Scripting languages | null |
28942 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solder | Solder | Solder (; NA: ) is a fusible metal alloy used to create a permanent bond between metal workpieces. Solder is melted in order to wet the parts of the joint, where it adheres to and connects the pieces after cooling. Metals or alloys suitable for use as solder should have a lower melting point than the pieces to be joine... | Physical sciences | Specific alloys | Chemistry |
28951 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spyware | Spyware | Spyware (a portmanteau for spying software) is any malware that aims to gather information about a person or organization and send it to another entity in a way that harms the user by violating their privacy, endangering their device's security, or other means. This behavior may be present in other malware and in legi... | Technology | Computer security | null |
4520673 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapidity | Rapidity | In special relativity, the classical concept of velocity is converted to rapidity to accommodate the limit determined by the speed of light. Velocities must be combined by Einstein's velocity-addition formula. For low speeds, rapidity and velocity are almost exactly proportional but, for higher velocities, rapidity tak... | Physical sciences | Theory of relativity | Physics |
18160997 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rain%20and%20snow%20mixed | Rain and snow mixed | Rain and snow mixed (American English) or sleet (Commonwealth English) is precipitation composed of a mixture of rain and partially melted snow. Unlike ice pellets, which are hard, and freezing rain, which is fluid until striking an object where it fully freezes, this precipitation is soft and translucent, but it conta... | Physical sciences | Precipitation | Earth science |
7827879 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tectonite | Tectonite | Tectonites are metamorphic or tectonically deformed rocks whose fabric reflects the history of their deformation, or rocks with fabric that clearly displays coordinated geometric features that indicate continuous solid (ductile) flow during formation. Planar foliation results from a parallel orientation of platey miner... | Physical sciences | Metamorphic rocks | Earth science |
3333827 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koolasuchus | Koolasuchus | Koolasuchus is an extinct genus of brachyopoid temnospondyl in the family Chigutisauridae. Fossils have been found from Victoria, Australia and date back 125-120 million years ago to Barremian-Aptian stages of the Early Cretaceous. Koolasuchus is the youngest known temnospondyl. It is known from several fragments of th... | Biology and health sciences | Prehistoric amphibians | Animals |
3335767 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meander | Meander | A meander is one of a series of regular sinuous curves in the channel of a river or other watercourse. It is produced as a watercourse erodes the sediments of an outer, concave bank (cut bank or river cliff) and deposits sediments on an inner, convex bank which is typically a point bar. The result of this coupled erosi... | Physical sciences | Fluvial landforms | null |
3338527 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclostomi | Cyclostomi | Cyclostomi, often referred to as Cyclostomata , is a group of vertebrates that comprises the living jawless fishes: the lampreys and hagfishes. Both groups have jawless mouths with horny epidermal structures that function as teeth called ceratodontes, and branchial arches that are internally positioned instead of exter... | Biology and health sciences | Agnatha | Animals |
1152886 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urine%20test | Urine test | A urine test is any medical test performed on a urine specimen. The analysis of urine is a valuable diagnostic tool because its composition reflects the functioning of many body systems, particularly the kidneys and urinary system, and specimens are easy to obtain. Common urine tests include the routine urinalysis, whi... | Biology and health sciences | Diagnostics | Health |
1152896 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Side%20chain | Side chain | In organic chemistry and biochemistry, a side chain is a chemical group that is attached to a core part of the molecule called the "main chain" or backbone. The side chain is a hydrocarbon branching element of a molecule that is attached to a larger hydrocarbon backbone. It is one factor in determining a molecule's pro... | Physical sciences | Concepts_2 | Chemistry |
1154940 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprat | Sprat | Sprat is the common name applied to a group of forage fish belonging to the genus Sprattus in the family Clupeidae. The term also is applied to a number of other small sprat-like forage fish (Clupeoides, Clupeonella, Corica, Ehirava, Hyperlophus, Microthrissa, Nannothrissa, Platanichthys, Ramnogaster, Rhinosardinia, an... | Biology and health sciences | Clupeiformes | null |
1156703 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respirator | Respirator | A respirator is a device designed to protect the wearer from inhaling hazardous atmospheres including lead fumes, vapors, gases and particulate matter such as dusts and airborne pathogens such as viruses. There are two main categories of respirators: the air-purifying respirator, in which respirable air is obtained by ... | Technology | Food, water and health | null |
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