id
stringlengths
2
8
url
stringlengths
31
117
title
stringlengths
1
71
text
stringlengths
153
118k
topic
stringclasses
4 values
section
stringlengths
4
49
sublist
stringclasses
9 values
34527
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zodiacal%20light
Zodiacal light
The zodiacal light (also called false dawn when seen before sunrise) is a faint glow of diffuse sunlight scattered by interplanetary dust. Brighter around the Sun, it appears in a particularly dark night sky to extend from the Sun's direction in a roughly triangular shape along the zodiac, and appears with less intensi...
Physical sciences
Celestial mechanics
Astronomy
1197569
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%20purifier
Air purifier
An air purifier or air cleaner is a device which removes contaminants from the air in a room to improve indoor air quality. These devices are commonly marketed as being beneficial to allergy sufferers and asthmatics, and at reducing or eliminating second-hand tobacco smoke. The commercially graded air purifiers are ma...
Technology
Food, water and health
null
1198013
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alunite
Alunite
Alunite is a hydroxylated aluminium potassium sulfate mineral, formula KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6. It was first observed in the 15th century at Tolfa, near Rome, where it was mined for the manufacture of alum. First called aluminilite by J.C. Delamétherie in 1797, this name was contracted by François Beudant three decades later ...
Physical sciences
Minerals
Earth science
1199325
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamadryas%20baboon
Hamadryas baboon
The hamadryas baboon (Papio hamadryas ; gawina; , Al Robah) is a species of baboon within the Old World monkey family. It is the northernmost of all the baboons, being native to the Horn of Africa and the southwestern region of the Arabian Peninsula. These regions provide habitats with the advantage for this species ...
Biology and health sciences
Old World monkeys
Animals
1199428
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whelk
Whelk
Whelks are any of several carnivorous sea snail species with a swirling, tapered shell. Many are eaten by humans, such as the common whelk of the North Atlantic. Most whelks belong to the family Buccinidae and are known as "true whelks." Others, such as the dog whelk, belong to several sea snail families that are not c...
Biology and health sciences
Gastropods
Animals
1200103
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moa-nalo
Moa-nalo
The moa-nalo are a group of extinct aberrant, goose-like ducks that lived on the larger Hawaiian Islands, except Hawaii itself, in the Pacific. They were the major herbivores on most of these islands until they became extinct after human settlement. Description The moa-nalo (the name literally means "lost fowl"; the p...
Biology and health sciences
Anseriformes
Animals
1201234
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabocha
Kabocha
Kabocha (; from Japanese , ) is a type of winter squash, a Japanese variety of the species Cucurbita maxima. It is also called kabocha squash or Japanese pumpkin in North America. In Japan, "kabocha" may refer to either this squash, to the Western pumpkin, or indeed to other squashes. In Australia, "Japanese pumpkin"...
Biology and health sciences
Botanical fruits used as culinary vegetables
Plants
1201321
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superposition%20principle
Superposition principle
The superposition principle, also known as superposition property, states that, for all linear systems, the net response caused by two or more stimuli is the sum of the responses that would have been caused by each stimulus individually. So that if input A produces response X, and input B produces response Y, then inpu...
Physical sciences
Waves
null
1201381
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apothecaries%27%20system
Apothecaries' system
The apothecaries' system, or apothecaries' weights and measures, is a historical system of mass and volume units that were used by physicians and apothecaries for medical prescriptions and also sometimes by scientists. The English version of the system is closely related to the English troy system of weights, the pound...
Physical sciences
Measurement systems
Basics and measurement
1201556
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectus%20abdominis%20muscle
Rectus abdominis muscle
The rectus abdominis muscle, () also known as the "abdominal muscle" or simply the "abs", is a pair of segmented skeletal muscle on the ventral aspect of a person's abdomen (or "midriff"). The paired muscle is separated at the midline by a band of dense connective tissue called the linea alba, and the connective tissu...
Biology and health sciences
Human anatomy
Health
1201904
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cercopithecinae
Cercopithecinae
The Cercopithecinae are a subfamily of the Old World monkeys, which comprises roughly 71 species, including the baboons, the macaques, and the vervet monkeys. Most cercopithecine monkeys are limited to sub-Saharan Africa, although the macaques range from the far eastern parts of Asia through northern Africa, as well as...
Biology and health sciences
Old World monkeys
Animals
1202013
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Painted%20turtle
Painted turtle
The painted turtle (Chrysemys picta) is the most widespread native turtle of North America. It lives in relatively slow-moving fresh waters, from southern Canada to northern Mexico, and from the Atlantic to the Pacific. They have been shown to prefer large wetlands with long periods of inundation and emergent vegetatio...
Biology and health sciences
Reptiles
null
17177420
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hummocky%20cross-stratification
Hummocky cross-stratification
Hummocky cross-stratification is a type of sedimentary structure found in sandstones. It is a form of cross-bedding usually formed by the action of large storms, such as hurricanes. It takes the form of a series of "smile"-like shapes, crosscutting each other. It is only formed at a depth of water below fair-weather...
Physical sciences
Sedimentology
Earth science
12647385
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achatina
Achatina
Achatina is a genus of medium-sized to very large, air-breathing, tropical land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Achatinidae. Distribution There are some 200 species of Achatinidae in Sub-Saharan Africa. Some species are kept as terrarium animals due to their size of three inches, and col...
Biology and health sciences
Gastropods
Animals
3430951
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardinal%20beetle
Cardinal beetle
Pyrochroa coccinea, commonly known as the black-headed cardinal beetle, is a species of cardinal beetle in the family Pyrochroidae. It is found mainly in wooded areas and pastures throughout central Europe, including southern Great Britain. Similar to other species of Ambrosia beetles, P. coccinea live and reproduce on...
Biology and health sciences
Beetles (Coleoptera)
Animals
3433115
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronostratigraphy
Chronostratigraphy
Chronostratigraphy is the branch of stratigraphy that studies the ages of rock strata in relation to time. The ultimate aim of chronostratigraphy is to arrange the sequence of deposition and the time of deposition of all rocks within a geological region, and eventually, the entire geologic record of the Earth. The st...
Physical sciences
Stratigraphy
Earth science
3433678
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kipp%27s%20apparatus
Kipp's apparatus
Kipp's apparatus, also called a Kipp generator, is an apparatus designed for preparation of small volumes of gases. It was invented around 1844 by the Dutch pharmacist Petrus Jacobus Kipp and widely used in chemical laboratories and for demonstrations in schools into the second half of the 20th century. It later fell ...
Physical sciences
Other reactions
Chemistry
3436583
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic%20packing%20factor
Atomic packing factor
In crystallography, atomic packing factor (APF), packing efficiency, or packing fraction is the fraction of volume in a crystal structure that is occupied by constituent particles. It is a dimensionless quantity and always less than unity. In atomic systems, by convention, the APF is determined by assuming that atoms a...
Physical sciences
Crystallography
Physics
3439285
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbidden%20mechanism
Forbidden mechanism
In spectroscopy, a forbidden mechanism (forbidden transition or forbidden line) is a spectral line associated with absorption or emission of photons by atomic nuclei, atoms, or molecules which undergo a transition that is not allowed by a particular selection rule but is allowed if the approximation associated with th...
Physical sciences
Basics
Astronomy
237275
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lantern
Lantern
A lantern is a source of lighting, often portable. It typically features a protective enclosure for the light sourcehistorically usually a candle, a wick in oil, or a thermoluminescent mesh, and often a battery-powered light in modern timesto make it easier to carry and hang up, and make it more reliable outdoors or in...
Technology
Lighting
null
237412
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart%20sounds
Heart sounds
Heart sounds are the noises generated by the beating heart and the resultant flow of blood through it. Specifically, the sounds reflect the turbulence created when the heart valves snap shut. In cardiac auscultation, an examiner may use a stethoscope to listen for these unique and distinct sounds that provide important...
Biology and health sciences
Diagnostics
Health
237495
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information%20system
Information system
An information system (IS) is a formal, sociotechnical, organizational system designed to collect, process, store, and distribute information. From a sociotechnical perspective, information systems comprise four components: task, people, structure (or roles), and technology. Information systems can be defined as an int...
Technology
Networks
null
237577
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heron
Heron
Herons are long-legged, long-necked, freshwater and coastal birds in the family Ardeidae, with 74 recognised species, some of which are referred to as egrets or bitterns rather than herons. Members of the genus Botaurus are referred to as bitterns, and, together with the zigzag heron, or zigzag bittern, in the monotypi...
Biology and health sciences
Pelecanimorphae
null
237647
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forearm
Forearm
The forearm is the region of the upper limb between the elbow and the wrist. The term forearm is used in anatomy to distinguish it from the arm, a word which is used to describe the entire appendage of the upper limb, but which in anatomy, technically, means only the region of the upper arm, whereas the lower "arm" is ...
Biology and health sciences
Human anatomy
Health
237661
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owlet-nightjar
Owlet-nightjar
Owlet-nightjars are small crepuscular birds related to the nightjars and frogmouths. Most are native to New Guinea, but some species extend to Australia, the Moluccas, and New Caledonia. A flightless species from New Zealand is extinct. There is a single monotypic family Aegothelidae with the genus Aegotheles. Owlet-n...
Biology and health sciences
Caprimulgiformes and related
Animals
237704
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saccharomyces%20cerevisiae
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Saccharomyces cerevisiae () (brewer's yeast or baker's yeast) is a species of yeast (single-celled fungal microorganisms). The species has been instrumental in winemaking, baking, and brewing since ancient times. It is believed to have been originally isolated from the skin of grapes. It is one of the most intensively ...
Biology and health sciences
Fungi
null
237708
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rydberg%20formula
Rydberg formula
In atomic physics, the Rydberg formula calculates the wavelengths of a spectral line in many chemical elements. The formula was primarily presented as a generalization of the Balmer series for all atomic electron transitions of hydrogen. It was first empirically stated in 1888 by the Swedish physicist Johannes Rydberg,...
Physical sciences
Atomic physics
Physics
237746
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taser
Taser
A TASER (also variously "Taser" or "taser") is a conducted energy device (CED) primarily used to incapacitate people by delivering an intense electric shock that briefly disrupts voluntary control of the muscles, allowing the person to be approached and handled without resistance. The brand-name product, sold by Axon (...
Technology
Less-lethal weapons
null
237782
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White%20stork
White stork
The white stork (Ciconia ciconia) is a large bird in the stork family, Ciconiidae. Its plumage is mainly white, with black on the bird's wings. Adults have long red legs and long pointed red beaks, and measure on average from beak tip to end of tail, with a wingspan. The two subspecies, which differ slightly in size,...
Biology and health sciences
Pelecanimorphae
Animals
237790
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black%20stork
Black stork
The black stork (Ciconia nigra) is a large bird in the stork family Ciconiidae. It was first described by Carl Linnaeus in the 10th edition of his Systema Naturae. Measuring on average from beak tip to end of tail with a wingspan, the adult black stork has mainly black plumage, with white underparts, long red legs an...
Biology and health sciences
Pelecanimorphae
Animals
237868
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Product%20%28category%20theory%29
Product (category theory)
In category theory, the product of two (or more) objects in a category is a notion designed to capture the essence behind constructions in other areas of mathematics such as the Cartesian product of sets, the direct product of groups or rings, and the product of topological spaces. Essentially, the product of a family ...
Mathematics
Category theory
null
237876
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deformation%20%28engineering%29
Deformation (engineering)
In engineering, deformation (the change in size or shape of an object) may be elastic or plastic. If the deformation is negligible, the object is said to be rigid. Main concepts Occurrence of deformation in engineering applications is based on the following background concepts: Displacements are any change in positio...
Physical sciences
Solid mechanics
null
237945
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paddlefish
Paddlefish
Paddlefish (family Polyodontidae) are a family of ray-finned fish belonging to order Acipenseriformes, and one of two living groups of the order alongside sturgeons (Acipenseridae). They are distinguished from other fish by their elongated rostra, which are thought to enhance electroreception to detect prey. Paddlefish...
Biology and health sciences
Acipenseriformes
Animals
237949
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerial%20refueling
Aerial refueling
Aerial refueling (en-us), or aerial refuelling (en-gb), also referred to as air refueling, in-flight refueling (IFR), air-to-air refueling (AAR), and tanking, is the process of transferring aviation fuel from one aircraft (the tanker) to another (the receiver) while both aircraft are in flight. The two main refueling s...
Technology
Military aviation
null
237962
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deinotherium
Deinotherium
Deinotherium is an extinct genus of large, elephant-like proboscideans that lived from about the middle-Miocene until the early Pleistocene. Although its appearance is reminiscent of modern elephants, Deinotherium possessed a notably more flexible neck, with limbs adapted to a more cursorial lifestyle, as well as tusks...
Biology and health sciences
Proboscidea
Animals
237977
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangrene
Gangrene
Gangrene is a type of tissue death caused by a lack of blood supply. Symptoms may include a change in skin color to red or black, numbness, swelling, pain, skin breakdown, and coolness. The feet and hands are most commonly affected. If the gangrene is caused by an infectious agent, it may present with a fever or sepsis...
Biology and health sciences
Infectious disease
null
238019
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snowshoe%20hare
Snowshoe hare
The snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus), also called the varying hare or snowshoe rabbit, is a species of hare found in North America. It has the name "snowshoe" because of the large size of its hind feet. The animal's feet prevent it from sinking into the snow when it hops and walks. Its feet also have fur on the soles t...
Biology and health sciences
Lagomorphs
Animals
238097
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warfarin
Warfarin
Warfarin, sold under the brand name Coumadin among others, is an anticoagulant medication. While the drug is described as a "blood thinner", it does not reduce viscosity but rather prevents blood clots (thrombus) from forming (coagulating). Accordingly, it is commonly used to prevent deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary...
Biology and health sciences
Specific drugs
Health
238112
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanology
Volcanology
Volcanology (also spelled vulcanology) is the study of volcanoes, lava, magma and related geological, geophysical and geochemical phenomena (volcanism). The term volcanology is derived from the Latin word vulcan. Vulcan was the ancient Roman god of fire. A volcanologist is a geologist who studies the eruptive activ...
Physical sciences
Volcanology
Earth science
238115
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heparin
Heparin
Heparin, also known as unfractionated heparin (UFH), is a medication and naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan. Heparin is a blood anticoagulant that increases the activity of antithrombin. It is used in the treatment of heart attacks and unstable angina. It can be given intravenously or by injection under the skin. It...
Biology and health sciences
Specific drugs
Health
238150
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furnace%20%28central%20heating%29
Furnace (central heating)
A furnace (American English), referred to as a heater or boiler in British English, is an appliance used to generate heat for all or part of a building. Furnaces are mostly used as a major component of a central heating system. Furnaces are permanently installed to provide heat to an interior space through intermediary...
Technology
Household appliances
null
238181
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibbs%20free%20energy
Gibbs free energy
In thermodynamics, the Gibbs free energy (or Gibbs energy as the recommended name; symbol ) is a thermodynamic potential that can be used to calculate the maximum amount of work, other than pressure–volume work, that may be performed by a thermodynamically closed system at constant temperature and pressure. It also pro...
Physical sciences
Thermodynamics
Physics
238220
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulidae
Sulidae
The bird family Sulidae comprises the gannets and boobies. Collectively called sulids, they are medium-large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish and similar prey. The 10 species in this family are often considered congeneric in older sources, placing all in the genus Sula. However, Sula (true boobies) and Morus ...
Biology and health sciences
Pelecanimorphae
null
238246
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megatsunami
Megatsunami
A megatsunami is a very large wave created by a large, sudden displacement of material into a body of water. Megatsunamis have different features from ordinary tsunamis. Ordinary tsunamis are caused by underwater tectonic activity (movement of the earth's plates) and therefore occur along plate boundaries and as a res...
Physical sciences
Oceanography
Earth science
238281
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnetophyta
Gnetophyta
Gnetophyta () is a division of plants (alternatively considered the subclass Gnetidae or order Gnetales), grouped within the gymnosperms (which also includes conifers, cycads, and ginkgos), that consists of some 70 species across the three relict genera: Gnetum (family Gnetaceae), Welwitschia (family Welwitschiaceae), ...
Biology and health sciences
Gymnosperms (except conifers)
Plants
238293
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piciformes
Piciformes
Nine families of largely arboreal birds make up the order Piciformes , the best-known of them being the Picidae, which includes the woodpeckers and close relatives. The Piciformes contain about 71 living genera with a little over 450 species, of which the Picidae make up about half. In general, the Piciformes are inse...
Biology and health sciences
Piciformes
Animals
238347
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mousebird
Mousebird
The mousebirds are birds in the order Coliiformes. They are the sister group to the clade Cavitaves, which includes the Leptosomiformes (the cuckoo roller), Trogoniformes (trogons), Bucerotiformes (hornbills and hoopoes), Piciformes (woodpeckers, toucans, and barbets) and Coraciformes (kingfishers, bee-eaters, rollers...
Biology and health sciences
Basics
Animals
238361
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinorhyncha
Kinorhyncha
Kinorhyncha (, "snout") is a phylum of small marine invertebrates that are widespread in mud or sand at all depths as part of the meiobenthos. They are commonly called mud dragons. Modern species are or less, but Cambrian forms could reach . Anatomy Kinorhynchs are limbless animals, with a body consisting of a h...
Biology and health sciences
Ecdysozoa
Animals
238377
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimney
Chimney
A chimney is an architectural ventilation structure made of masonry, clay or metal that isolates hot toxic exhaust gases or smoke produced by a boiler, stove, furnace, incinerator, or fireplace from human living areas. Chimneys are typically vertical, or as near as possible to vertical, to ensure that the gases flow sm...
Technology
Heating and cooling
null
238446
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lily%20of%20the%20valley
Lily of the valley
Lily of the valley (Convallaria majalis ), sometimes written lily-of-the-valley, is a woodland flowering plant with sweetly scented, pendent, bell-shaped white flowers borne in sprays in spring. It is native throughout the cool temperate Northern Hemisphere in Asia and Europe. Convallaria majalis var. montana, also kno...
Biology and health sciences
Monocots
null
238508
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead%28II%29%20nitrate
Lead(II) nitrate
Lead(II) nitrate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Pb(NO3)2. It commonly occurs as a colourless crystal or white powder and, unlike most other lead(II) salts, is soluble in water. Known since the Middle Ages by the name plumbum dulce, the production of lead(II) nitrate from either metallic lead or lea...
Physical sciences
Nitric oxyanions
Chemistry
238525
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsine
Arsine
Arsine (IUPAC name: arsane) is an inorganic compound with the formula AsH3. This flammable, pyrophoric, and highly toxic pnictogen hydride gas is one of the simplest compounds of arsenic. Despite its lethality, it finds some applications in the semiconductor industry and for the synthesis of organoarsenic compounds. Th...
Physical sciences
Hydrogen compounds
Chemistry
238527
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elimination%20reaction
Elimination reaction
An elimination reaction is a type of organic reaction in which two substituents are removed from a molecule in either a one- or two-step mechanism. The one-step mechanism is known as the E2 reaction, and the two-step mechanism is known as the E1 reaction. The numbers refer not to the number of steps in the mechanism, ...
Physical sciences
Organic reactions
Chemistry
238528
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen%20dioxide
Nitrogen dioxide
Nitrogen dioxide is a chemical compound with the formula . One of several nitrogen oxides, nitrogen dioxide is a reddish-brown gas. It is a paramagnetic, bent molecule with C2v point group symmetry. Industrially, is an intermediate in the synthesis of nitric acid, millions of tons of which are produced each year, pri...
Physical sciences
Covalent oxides
Chemistry
238631
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crane%20fly
Crane fly
A crane fly is any member of the dipteran superfamily Tipuloidea, which contains the living families Cylindrotomidae, Limoniidae, Pediciidae and Tipulidae, as well as several extinct families. "Winter crane flies", members of the family Trichoceridae, are sufficiently different from the typical crane flies of Tipuloide...
Biology and health sciences
Flies (Diptera)
null
238646
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protostar
Protostar
A protostar is a very young star that is still gathering mass from its parent molecular cloud. It is the earliest phase in the process of stellar evolution. For a low-mass star (i.e. that of the Sun or lower), it lasts about 500,000 years. The phase begins when a molecular cloud fragment first collapses under the force...
Physical sciences
Stellar astronomy
null
238686
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary%20number
Binary number
A binary number is a number expressed in the base-2 numeral system or binary numeral system, a method for representing numbers that uses only two symbols for the natural numbers: typically "0" (zero) and "1" (one). A binary number may also refer to a rational number that has a finite representation in the binary numer...
Mathematics
Basics
null
238729
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eosinophil
Eosinophil
acidophils, are a variety of white blood cells and one of the immune system components responsible for combating multicellular parasites and certain infections in vertebrates. Along with mast cells and basophils, they also control mechanisms associated with allergy and asthma. They are granulocytes that develop during...
Biology and health sciences
Circulatory system
Biology
238790
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylene%20blue
Methylene blue
Methylthioninium chloride, commonly called methylene blue, is a salt used as a dye and as a medication. As a medication, it is mainly used to treat methemoglobinemia by chemically reducing the ferric iron in hemoglobin to ferrous iron. Specifically, it is used to treat methemoglobin levels that are greater than 30% or ...
Physical sciences
Chemical methods
Chemistry
238841
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trifid%20Nebula
Trifid Nebula
The Trifid Nebula (catalogued as Messier 20 or M20 and as NGC 6514) is an H II region in the north-west of Sagittarius in a star-forming region in the Milky Way's Scutum–Centaurus Arm. It was discovered by Charles Messier on June 5, 1764. Its name means 'three-lobe'. The object is an unusual combination of an open clus...
Physical sciences
Notable nebulae
Astronomy
238881
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desmidiales
Desmidiales
Desmidiales, commonly called the desmids (Gr. desmos, bond or chain), are an order in the Charophyta, a division of green algae in which the land plants (Embryophyta) emerged. Desmids consist of single-celled (sometimes filamentous or colonial) microscopic green algae. Because desmids are highly symmetrical, attractive...
Biology and health sciences
Green algae
Plants
238901
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echo
Echo
In audio signal processing and acoustics, an echo is a reflection of sound that arrives at the listener with a delay after the direct sound. The delay is directly proportional to the distance of the reflecting surface from the source and the listener. Typical examples are the echo produced by the bottom of a well, a bu...
Physical sciences
Waves
Physics
238911
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crimson
Crimson
Crimson is a rich, deep red color, inclining to purple. It originally meant the color of the kermes dye produced from a scale insect, Kermes vermilio, but the name is now sometimes also used as a generic term for slightly bluish-red colors that are between red and rose. It is the national color of Nepal. History Crims...
Physical sciences
Colors
Physics
238914
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viaduct
Viaduct
A viaduct is a specific type of bridge that consists of a series of arches, piers or columns supporting a long elevated railway or road. Typically a viaduct connects two points of roughly equal elevation, allowing direct overpass across a wide valley, road, river, or other low-lying terrain features and obstacles. The ...
Technology
Transport infrastructure
null
239021
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badlands
Badlands
Badlands are a type of dry terrain where softer sedimentary rocks and clay-rich soils have been extensively eroded. They are characterized by steep slopes, minimal vegetation, lack of a substantial regolith, and high drainage density. Ravines, gullies, buttes, hoodoos and other such geologic forms are common in badlan...
Physical sciences
Other erosional landforms
Earth science
239096
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parking
Parking
Parking is the act of stopping and disengaging a vehicle and usually leaving it unoccupied. Parking on one or both sides of a road is often permitted, though sometimes with restrictions. Some buildings have parking facilities for use of the buildings' users. Countries and local governments have rules for design and u...
Technology
Road transport
null
239097
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halide
Halide
In chemistry, a halide (rarely halogenide) is a binary chemical compound, of which one part is a halogen atom and the other part is an element or radical that is less electronegative (or more electropositive) than the halogen, to make a fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide, astatide, or theoretically tennesside compound...
Physical sciences
Halide salts
Chemistry
239098
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent
BitTorrent
BitTorrent is a communication protocol for peer-to-peer file sharing (P2P), which enables users to distribute data and electronic files over the Internet in a decentralized manner. The protocol is developed and maintained by Rainberry, Inc., and was first released in 2001. To send or receive files, users use a BitTorr...
Technology
Internet
null
239136
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentaprism
Pentaprism
A pentaprism is a five-sided reflecting prism used to deviate a beam of light by a constant 90°, even if the entry beam is not at 90° to the prism. The beam reflects inside the prism twice, allowing the transmission of an image through a right angle without inverting it (that is, without changing the image's handedness...
Technology
Optical components
null
239217
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Healing
Healing
With physical trauma or disease suffered by an organism, healing involves the repairing of damaged tissue(s), organs and the biological system as a whole and resumption of (normal) functioning. Medicine includes the process by which the cells in the body regenerate and repair to reduce the size of a damaged or necrotic...
Biology and health sciences
Basics
Biology
239409
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insectivore
Insectivore
An insectivore is a carnivorous animal or plant that eats insects. An alternative term is entomophage, which can also refer to the human practice of eating insects. The first vertebrate insectivores were amphibians. When they evolved 400 million years ago, the first amphibians were piscivores, with numerous sharp con...
Biology and health sciences
Ethology
Biology
239413
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctic%20tern
Arctic tern
The Arctic tern (Sterna paradisaea) is a tern in the family Laridae. This bird has a circumpolar breeding distribution covering the Arctic and sub-Arctic regions of Europe (as far south as Brittany), Asia, and North America (as far south as Massachusetts). The species is strongly migratory, seeing two summers each year...
Biology and health sciences
Charadriiformes
Animals
239807
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windlass
Windlass
The windlass is an apparatus for moving heavy weights. Typically, a windlass consists of a horizontal cylinder (barrel), which is rotated by the turn of a crank or belt. A winch is affixed to one or both ends, and a cable or rope is wound around the winch, pulling a weight attached to the opposite end. The Greek scien...
Technology
Mechanisms
null
239836
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aromaticity
Aromaticity
In organic chemistry, aromaticity is a chemical property describing the way in which a conjugated ring of unsaturated bonds, lone pairs, or empty orbitals exhibits a stabilization stronger than would be expected by the stabilization of conjugation alone. The earliest use of the term was in an article by August Wilhelm...
Physical sciences
Aromatic hydrocarbons
Chemistry
239860
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macaque
Macaque
The macaques () constitute a genus (Macaca) of gregarious Old World monkeys of the subfamily Cercopithecinae. The 23 species of macaques inhabit ranges throughout Asia, North Africa, and (in Gibraltar) Europe. Macaques are principally frugivorous (preferring fruit), although their diet also includes seeds, leaves, flow...
Biology and health sciences
Primates
null
239932
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flush%20toilet
Flush toilet
A flush toilet (also known as a flushing toilet, water closet (WC); see also toilet names) is a toilet that disposes of human waste (i.e., urine and feces) by collecting it in a bowl and then using the force of water to channel it ("flush" it) through a drainpipe to another location for treatment, either nearby or at a...
Technology
Hydraulics and pneumatics
null
239972
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Height
Height
Height is measure of vertical distance, either vertical extent (how "tall" something or someone is) or vertical position (how "high" a point is). For an example of vertical extent, "This basketball player is 7 foot 1 inches in height." For an example of vertical position, "The height of an airplane in-flight is about ...
Mathematics
Measurement
null
239976
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stirrup
Stirrup
A stirrup is a light frame or ring that holds the foot of a rider, attached to the saddle by a strap, often called a stirrup leather. Stirrups are usually paired and are used to aid in mounting and as a support while using a riding animal (usually a horse or other equine, such as a mule). They greatly increase the ride...
Technology
Animal-powered transport
null
239987
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progestogen
Progestogen
Progestogens, also sometimes written progestins, progestagens or gestagens, are a class of natural or synthetic steroid hormones that bind to and activate the progesterone receptors (PR). Progesterone is the major and most important progestogen in the body. The progestogens are named for their function in maintaining p...
Biology and health sciences
Animal hormones
Biology
240003
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kangaroo%20rat
Kangaroo rat
Kangaroo rats, small mostly nocturnal rodents of genus Dipodomys, are native to arid areas of western North America. The common name derives from their bipedal form. They hop in a manner similar to the much larger kangaroo, but developed this mode of locomotion independently, like several other clades of rodents (e.g.,...
Biology and health sciences
Rodents
Animals
240011
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coherence%20%28physics%29
Coherence (physics)
Coherence expresses the potential for two waves to interfere. Two monochromatic beams from a single source always interfere. Wave sources are not strictly monochromatic: they may be partly coherent. Beams from different sources are mutually incoherent. When interfering, two waves add together to create a wave of great...
Physical sciences
Waves
Physics
240123
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasticity%20%28physics%29
Plasticity (physics)
In physics and materials science, plasticity (also known as plastic deformation) is the ability of a solid material to undergo permanent deformation, a non-reversible change of shape in response to applied forces. For example, a solid piece of metal being bent or pounded into a new shape displays plasticity as permanen...
Physical sciences
Solid mechanics
null
240244
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological%20interaction
Biological interaction
In ecology, a biological interaction is the effect that a pair of organisms living together in a community have on each other. They can be either of the same species (intraspecific interactions), or of different species (interspecific interactions). These effects may be short-term, or long-term, both often strongly inf...
Biology and health sciences
Ecology
Biology
14312829
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon%20Kindle
Amazon Kindle
Amazon Kindle is a series of e-readers designed and marketed by Amazon. Amazon Kindle devices enable users to browse, buy, download, and read e-books, newspapers, magazines, Audible audiobooks, and other digital media via wireless networking to the Kindle Store. The hardware platform, which Amazon subsidiary Lab126 de...
Technology
Specific hardware
null
14313934
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass%20psychogenic%20illness
Mass psychogenic illness
Mass psychogenic illness (MPI), also called mass sociogenic illness, mass psychogenic disorder, epidemic hysteria or mass hysteria, involves the spread of illness symptoms through a population where there is no infectious agent responsible for contagion. It is the rapid spread of illness signs and symptoms affecting me...
Biology and health sciences
Mental disorders
Health
18380118
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caiman
Caiman
A caiman ( (also spelled cayman) from Taíno kaiman) is an alligatorid belonging to the subfamily Caimaninae, one of two primary lineages within the Alligatoridae family, the other being alligators. Caimans are native to Central and South America and inhabit marshes, swamps, lakes, and mangrove rivers. They have scaly s...
Biology and health sciences
Reptiles
null
1806596
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corriente
Corriente
The Corriente is an American breed of small cattle, used principally for rodeo events. It derives from Criollo Mexicano stock, which in turn descends from Iberian cattle brought to the Americas by the Conquistadors, and introduced in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries to various parts of what is now Mexico. A bre...
Biology and health sciences
Cattle
Animals
1807812
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purgatorius
Purgatorius
Purgatorius is a genus of seven extinct eutherian species typically believed to be the earliest example of a primate or protoprimate, a primatomorph precursor to the Plesiadapiformes, dating to as old as 66 million years ago. The first remains (P. unio and P. ceratops) were reported in 1965, from what is now eastern Mo...
Biology and health sciences
Other primates
Animals
1809181
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical%20structure
Mathematical structure
In mathematics, a structure on a set (or on some sets) refers to providing it (or them) with certain additional features (e.g. an operation, relation, metric, or topology). Τhe additional features are attached or related to the set (or to the sets), so as to provide it (or them) with some additional meaning or signific...
Mathematics
Set theory
null
1810098
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structure%20formation
Structure formation
In physical cosmology, structure formation describes the creation of galaxies, galaxy clusters, and larger structures starting from small fluctuations in mass density resulting from processes that created matter. The universe, as is now known from observations of the cosmic microwave background radiation, began in a ho...
Physical sciences
Physical cosmology
Astronomy
20571589
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulation%20of%20chemicals
Regulation of chemicals
The regulation of chemicals is the legislative intent of a variety of national laws or international initiatives such as agreements, strategies or conventions. These international initiatives define the policy of further regulations to be implemented locally as well as exposure or emission limits. Often, regulatory ag...
Physical sciences
Basics: General
Chemistry
19385671
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectum
Rectum
The rectum (: rectums or recta) is the final straight portion of the large intestine in humans and some other mammals, and the gut in others. Before expulsion through the anus or cloaca, the rectum stores the feces temporarily. The adult human rectum is about long, and begins at the rectosigmoid junction (the end of t...
Biology and health sciences
Gastrointestinal tract
Biology
19388627
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anteater
Anteater
Anteaters are the four extant mammal species in the suborder Vermilingua (meaning "worm tongue"), commonly known for eating ants and termites. The individual species have other names in English and other languages. Together with sloths, they are within the order Pilosa. The name "anteater" is also commonly applied to t...
Biology and health sciences
Pilosa
null
19389113
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gondwana
Gondwana
Gondwana () was a large landmass, sometimes referred to as a supercontinent. The remnants of Gondwana make up around two-thirds of today's continental area, including South America, Africa, Antarctica, Australia, Zealandia, Arabia, and the Indian subcontinent. Gondwana was formed by the accretion of several cratons (l...
Physical sciences
Paleogeography
Earth science
19389837
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relativistic%20quantum%20mechanics
Relativistic quantum mechanics
In physics, relativistic quantum mechanics (RQM) is any Poincaré covariant formulation of quantum mechanics (QM). This theory is applicable to massive particles propagating at all velocities up to those comparable to the speed of light c, and can accommodate massless particles. The theory has application in high energy...
Physical sciences
Quantum mechanics
Physics
17191020
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing%20Man
Nanjing Man
Nanjing Man is a specimen of Homo erectus (possibly Homo pekinensis) found in China. Large fragments of one male and one female skull and a molar tooth were discovered in 1993 in Hulu Cave () on the Tangshan (汤山) hills in Jiangning District, Nanjing. The specimens were found in the Hulu limestone cave at a depth of 60–...
Biology and health sciences
Homo
Biology
7997387
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagoya%20Municipal%20Subway
Nagoya Municipal Subway
The , also referred to as simply the Nagoya Subway, is a rapid transit system serving Nagoya, the capital of Aichi Prefecture in Japan. It consists of six lines that cover of route and serve 87 stations. Approximately 90% of the subway's total track length is underground. The subway system is owned and operated by th...
Technology
Japan
null
7999492
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sediment%20transport
Sediment transport
Sediment transport is the movement of solid particles (sediment), typically due to a combination of gravity acting on the sediment, and the movement of the fluid in which the sediment is entrained. Sediment transport occurs in natural systems where the particles are clastic rocks (sand, gravel, boulders, etc.), mud, or...
Physical sciences
Sedimentology
Earth science
15461460
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passenger%20train
Passenger train
A passenger train is a train used to transport people along a railroad line, as opposed to a freight train that carries goods. These trains may consist of unpowered passenger railroad cars (also known as coaches or carriages) hauled by one or more locomotives, or may be self-propelled; self propelled passenger trains a...
Technology
Rail and cable transport
null
15464966
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathogenic%20bacteria
Pathogenic bacteria
Pathogenic bacteria are bacteria that can cause disease. This article focuses on the bacteria that are pathogenic to humans. Most species of bacteria are harmless and many are beneficial but others can cause infectious diseases. The number of these pathogenic species in humans is estimated to be fewer than a hundred. B...
Biology and health sciences
Concepts
Health