id stringlengths 2 8 | url stringlengths 31 117 | title stringlengths 1 71 | text stringlengths 153 118k | topic stringclasses 4
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240963 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star%20system | Star system | A star system or stellar system is a small number of stars that orbit each other, bound by gravitational attraction. A large group of stars bound by gravitation is generally called a star cluster or galaxy, although, broadly speaking, they are also star systems. Star systems are not to be confused with planetary system... | Physical sciences | Stellar astronomy | null |
240972 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White%20hole | White hole | In general relativity, a white hole is a hypothetical region of spacetime and singularity that cannot be entered from the outside, although energy-matter, light and information can escape from it. In this sense, it is the reverse of a black hole, from which energy-matter, light and information cannot escape. White hole... | Physical sciences | Theory of relativity | Physics |
240988 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrahydrofuran | Tetrahydrofuran | Tetrahydrofuran (THF), or oxolane, is an organic compound with the formula (CH2)4O. The compound is classified as heterocyclic compound, specifically a cyclic ether. It is a colorless, water-miscible organic liquid with low viscosity. It is mainly used as a precursor to polymers. Being polar and having a wide liquid... | Physical sciences | Esters and ethers | Chemistry |
241014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scyliorhinidae | Scyliorhinidae | Scyliorhinidae is a family of sharks, one of a few families whose members share the common name catsharks, belonging to the order Carcharhiniformes, the ground sharks. Although they are generally known as catsharks, some species can also be called dogfish due to previous naming. However, a dogfish may generally be d... | Biology and health sciences | Sharks | Animals |
241026 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Up%20quark | Up quark | The up quark or u quark (symbol: u) is the lightest of all quarks, a type of elementary particle, and a significant constituent of matter. It, along with the down quark, forms the neutrons (one up quark, two down quarks) and protons (two up quarks, one down quark) of atomic nuclei. It is part of the first generation of... | Physical sciences | Fermions | Physics |
241027 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Down%20quark | Down quark | The down quark (symbol: d) is a type of elementary particle, and a major constituent of matter. The down quark is the second-lightest of all quarks, and combines with other quarks to form composite particles called hadrons. Down quarks are most commonly found in atomic nuclei, where it combines with up quarks to form p... | Physical sciences | Fermions | Physics |
241028 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charm%20quark | Charm quark | The charm quark, charmed quark, or c quark is an elementary particle found in composite subatomic particles called hadrons such as the J/psi meson and the charmed baryons created in particle accelerator collisions. Several bosons, including the W and Z bosons and the Higgs boson, can decay into charm quarks. All charm ... | Physical sciences | Fermions | Physics |
241029 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top%20quark | Top quark | The top quark, sometimes also referred to as the truth quark, (symbol: t) is the most massive of all observed elementary particles. It derives its mass from its coupling to the Higgs field. This coupling is very close to unity; in the Standard Model of particle physics, it is the largest (strongest) coupling at the sc... | Physical sciences | Fermions | Physics |
241030 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottom%20quark | Bottom quark | The bottom quark, beauty quark, or b quark, is an elementary particle of the third generation. It is a heavy quark with a charge of − e.
All quarks are described in a similar way by electroweak interaction and quantum chromodynamics, but the bottom quark has exceptionally low rates of transition to lower-mass quarks. ... | Physical sciences | Fermions | Physics |
241033 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon%20neutrino | Muon neutrino | The muon neutrino is an elementary particle which has the symbol and zero electric charge. Together with the muon it forms the second generation of leptons, hence the name muon neutrino. It was discovered in 1962 by Leon Lederman, Melvin Schwartz and Jack Steinberger. The discovery was rewarded with the 1988 Nobel Pri... | Physical sciences | Fermions | Physics |
241034 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron%20neutrino | Electron neutrino | The electron neutrino () is an elementary particle which has zero electric charge and a spin of . Together with the electron, it forms the first generation of leptons, hence the name electron neutrino. It was first hypothesized by Wolfgang Pauli in 1930, to account for missing momentum and missing energy in beta decay,... | Physical sciences | Fermions | Physics |
241047 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon%20tetrachloride | Carbon tetrachloride | Carbon tetrachloride, also known by many other names (such as carbon tet for short and tetrachloromethane, also recognised by the IUPAC), is a chemical compound with the chemical formula CCl4. It is a non-flammable, dense, colourless liquid with a "sweet" chloroform-like odour that can be detected at low levels. It was... | Physical sciences | Halocarbons | Chemistry |
241204 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Requiem%20shark | Requiem shark | Requiem sharks are sharks of the family Carcharhinidae in the order Carcharhiniformes. They are migratory, live-bearing sharks of warm seas (sometimes of brackish or fresh water) and include such species as the bull shark, lemon shark, blacktip shark, and whitetip reef shark.
Family members have the usual carcharhinif... | Biology and health sciences | Sharks | Animals |
241223 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poisson%27s%20ratio | Poisson's ratio | In materials science and solid mechanics, Poisson's ratio (symbol: (nu)) is a measure of the Poisson effect, the deformation (expansion or contraction) of a material in directions perpendicular to the specific direction of loading. The value of Poisson's ratio is the negative of the ratio of transverse strain to axial... | Physical sciences | Solid mechanics | Physics |
241247 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bellows | Bellows | A bellows or pair of bellows is a device constructed to furnish a strong blast of air. The simplest type consists of a flexible bag comprising a pair of rigid boards with handles joined by flexible leather sides enclosing an approximately airtight cavity which can be expanded and contracted by operating the handles, an... | Technology | Metallurgy | null |
241267 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12-hour%20clock | 12-hour clock | The 12-hour clock is a time convention in which the 24 hours of the day are divided into two periods: a.m. (from Latin , translating to "before midday") and p.m. (from Latin , translating to "after midday"). Each period consists of 12 hours numbered: 12 (acting as 0), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11. The 12-hour ... | Technology | Clocks | null |
241281 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bovidae | Bovidae | The Bovidae comprise the biological family of cloven-hoofed, ruminant mammals that includes cattle, bison, buffalo, antelopes (including goat-antelopes), sheep and goats. A member of this family is called a bovid. With 143 extant species and 300 known extinct species, the family Bovidae consists of 11 (or two) major su... | Biology and health sciences | Artiodactyla | null |
241291 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperbolic%20geometry | Hyperbolic geometry | In mathematics, hyperbolic geometry (also called Lobachevskian geometry or Bolyai–Lobachevskian geometry) is a non-Euclidean geometry. The parallel postulate of Euclidean geometry is replaced with:
For any given line R and point P not on R, in the plane containing both line R and point P there are at least two distinct... | Mathematics | Non-Euclidean geometry | null |
241294 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frilled%20shark | Frilled shark | The frilled shark (Chlamydoselachus anguineus), also known as the lizard shark, is one of the two extant species of shark in the family Chlamydoselachidae (the other is the southern African frilled shark, Chlamydoselachus africana). The frilled shark is considered a living fossil, because of its primitive, anguilliform... | Biology and health sciences | Sharks | Animals |
241330 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corn%20snake | Corn snake | The corn snake (Pantherophis guttatus), sometimes called red rat snake is a species of North American rat snake in the family Colubridae. The species subdues its small prey by constriction. It is found throughout the southeastern and central United States. Though superficially resembling the venomous copperhead (Agkis... | Biology and health sciences | Snakes | Animals |
241342 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/24-hour%20clock | 24-hour clock | The modern 24-hour clock is the convention of timekeeping in which the day runs from midnight to midnight and is divided into 24 hours. This is indicated by the hours (and minutes) passed since midnight, from to , with as an option to indicate the end of the day. This system, as opposed to the 12-hour clock, is the m... | Technology | Clocks | null |
241383 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colubridae | Colubridae | Colubridae (, commonly known as colubrids , from , 'snake') is a family of snakes. With 249 genera, it is the largest snake family. The earliest fossil species of the family date back to the Late Eocene epoch, with earlier origins suspected. Colubrid snakes are found on every continent except Antarctica.
Description
C... | Biology and health sciences | Snakes | Animals |
241420 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyromania | Pyromania | Pyromania is an impulse control disorder in which individuals repeatedly fail to resist impulses to deliberately start fires, to relieve some tension or for instant gratification. The term pyromania comes from the Greek word (pyr, 'fire'). Pyromania is distinct from arson, the deliberate setting of fires for personal,... | Biology and health sciences | Mental disorders | Health |
241440 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leaving%20group | Leaving group | In chemistry, a leaving group is defined by the IUPAC as an atom or group of atoms that detaches from the main or residual part of a substrate during a reaction or elementary step of a reaction. However, in common usage, the term is often limited to a fragment that departs with a pair of electrons in heterolytic bond ... | Physical sciences | Organic reactions | Chemistry |
241565 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complete%20blood%20count | Complete blood count | A complete blood count (CBC), also known as a full blood count (FBC), is a set of medical laboratory tests that provide information about the cells in a person's blood. The CBC indicates the counts of white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets, the concentration of hemoglobin, and the hematocrit (the volume perce... | Biology and health sciences | Diagnostics | Health |
241607 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandicoot | Bandicoot | Bandicoots are a group of more than 20 species of small to medium sized, terrestrial, largely nocturnal marsupial omnivores in the order Peramelemorphia. They are endemic to the Australia–New Guinea region, including the Bismarck Archipelago to the east and Seram and Halmahera to the west.
Etymology
The bandicoot is ... | Biology and health sciences | Marsupials | Animals |
241692 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingsnake | Kingsnake | Kingsnakes are colubrid New World members of the genus Lampropeltis, which includes 26 species. Among these, about 45 subspecies are recognized. They are nonvenomous and ophiophagous in diet.
Description
Kingsnakes vary widely in size and coloration. They can be as small as 24" (61 cm) or as long as 60" (152 cm). Some... | Biology and health sciences | Snakes | Animals |
241717 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical%20trial | Clinical trial | Clinical trials are prospective biomedical or behavioral research studies on human participants designed to answer specific questions about biomedical or behavioral interventions, including new treatments (such as novel vaccines, drugs, dietary choices, dietary supplements, and medical devices) and known interventions ... | Physical sciences | Research methods | Basics and measurement |
241809 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon%20disulfide | Carbon disulfide | Carbon disulfide (also spelled as carbon disulphide) is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula and structure . It is also considered as the anhydride of thiocarbonic acid. It is a colorless, flammable, neurotoxic liquid that is used as a building block in organic synthesis. Pure carbon disulfide has a pleasan... | Physical sciences | Molecular compounds | Chemistry |
241810 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diborane | Diborane | Diborane(6), commonly known as diborane, is the chemical compound with the formula B2H6. It is a highly toxic, colorless, and pyrophoric gas with a repulsively sweet odor. Given its simple formula, borane is a fundamental boron compound. It has attracted wide attention for its electronic structure. Several of its deri... | Physical sciences | Hydrogen compounds | Chemistry |
241878 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SN2%20reaction | SN2 reaction | {{DISPLAYTITLE:SN2 reaction}}
The bimolecular nucleophilic substitution (SN2) is a type of reaction mechanism that is common in organic chemistry. In the SN2 reaction, a strong nucleophile forms a new bond to an sp3-hybridised carbon atom via a backside attack, all while the leaving group detaches from the reaction ce... | Physical sciences | Organic reactions | Chemistry |
241994 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aberdeen%20Angus | Aberdeen Angus | The Aberdeen Angus, sometimes simply Angus, is a Scottish breed of small beef cattle. It derives from cattle native to the counties of Aberdeen, Banff, Kincardine and Angus in north-eastern Scotland. In 2018 the breed accounted for over 17% of the beef production in the United Kingdom.
The Angus is naturally polled an... | Biology and health sciences | Cattle | Animals |
242001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear%20chemistry | Nuclear chemistry | Nuclear chemistry is the sub-field of chemistry dealing with radioactivity, nuclear processes, and transformations in the nuclei of atoms, such as nuclear transmutation and nuclear properties.
It is the chemistry of radioactive elements such as the actinides, radium and radon together with the chemistry associated wit... | Physical sciences | Chemistry: General | null |
242006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reaction%20rate | Reaction rate | The reaction rate or rate of reaction is the speed at which a chemical reaction takes place, defined as proportional to the increase in the concentration of a product per unit time and to the decrease in the concentration of a reactant per unit time. Reaction rates can vary dramatically. For example, the oxidative rus... | Physical sciences | Kinetics | Chemistry |
242135 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projective%20space | Projective space | In mathematics, the concept of a projective space originated from the visual effect of perspective, where parallel lines seem to meet at infinity. A projective space may thus be viewed as the extension of a Euclidean space, or, more generally, an affine space with points at infinity, in such a way that there is one poi... | Mathematics | Non-Euclidean geometry | null |
242247 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxaceae | Taxaceae | Taxaceae (), commonly called the yew family, is a coniferous family which includes six extant and two extinct genera, and about 30 species of plants, or in older interpretations three genera and 7 to 12 species.
Description
They are many-branched, small trees and shrubs. The leaves are evergreen, spirally arranged, o... | Biology and health sciences | Pinophyta (Conifers) | Plants |
242299 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxilla | Maxilla | In vertebrates, the maxilla (: maxillae ) is the upper fixed (not fixed in Neopterygii) bone of the jaw formed from the fusion of two maxillary bones. In humans, the upper jaw includes the hard palate in the front of the mouth.<ref>Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary.</ref> The two maxillary bones are fused at the interm... | Biology and health sciences | Skeletal system | Biology |
242643 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium%20carbide | Calcium carbide | Calcium carbide, also known as calcium acetylide, is a chemical compound with the chemical formula of CaC2. Its main use industrially is in the production of acetylene and calcium cyanamide.
The pure material is colorless, while pieces of technical-grade calcium carbide are grey or brown and consist of about 80–85% of... | Physical sciences | Carbide salts | Chemistry |
242666 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transducer | Transducer | A transducer is a device that converts energy from one form to another. Usually a transducer converts a signal in one form of energy to a signal in another.
Transducers are often employed at the boundaries of automation, measurement, and control systems, where electrical signals are converted to and from other physical... | Technology | Components | null |
242688 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mole%20salamander | Mole salamander | The mole salamanders (genus Ambystoma) are a group of advanced salamanders endemic to North America. The group has become famous due to the study of the axolotl (A. mexicanum) in research on paedomorphosis, and the tiger salamander (A. tigrinum, A. mavortium) which is often sold as a pet, and is the official amphibian ... | Biology and health sciences | Salamanders and newts | Animals |
242695 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Class%20field%20theory | Class field theory | In mathematics, class field theory (CFT) is the fundamental branch of algebraic number theory whose goal is to describe all the abelian Galois extensions of local and global fields using objects associated to the ground field.
Hilbert is credited as one of pioneers of the notion of a class field. However, this notion... | Mathematics | Other | null |
242702 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mpox | Mpox | Mpox (, ; formerly known as monkeypox) is an infectious viral disease that can occur in humans and other animals. Symptoms include a rash that forms blisters and then crusts over, fever, and swollen lymph nodes. The illness is usually mild, and most infected individuals recover within a few weeks without treatment. The... | Biology and health sciences | Viral diseases | Health |
22101775 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosphere%20of%20Pluto | Atmosphere of Pluto | The atmosphere of Pluto is the layer of gasses that surround the dwarf planet Pluto. It consists mainly of nitrogen (N2), with minor amounts of methane (CH4) and carbon monoxide (CO), all of which are vaporized from surface ices on Pluto's surface. It contains layered haze, probably consisting of heavier compounds whic... | Physical sciences | Solar System | Astronomy |
1206475 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carborane | Carborane | Carboranes (or carbaboranes) are electron-delocalized (non-classically bonded) clusters composed of boron, carbon and hydrogen atoms. Like many of the related boron hydrides, these clusters are polyhedra or fragments of polyhedra. Carboranes are one class of heteroboranes.
In terms of scope, carboranes can have as few... | Physical sciences | Hydrogen compounds | Chemistry |
1208003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type%20genus | Type genus | In biological taxonomy, the type genus is the genus which defines a biological family and the root of the family name.
Zoological nomenclature
According to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, "The name-bearing type of a nominal family-group taxon is a nominal genus called the 'type genus'; the family-g... | Biology and health sciences | Taxonomic rank | Biology |
1208210 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladder%20paradox | Ladder paradox | The ladder paradox (or barn-pole paradox) is a thought experiment in special relativity. It involves a ladder, parallel to the ground, travelling horizontally at relativistic speed (near the speed of light) and therefore undergoing a Lorentz length contraction. The ladder is imagined passing through the open front and ... | Physical sciences | Theory of relativity | Physics |
1208416 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plating | Plating | Plating is a finishing process in which a metal is deposited on a surface. Plating has been done for hundreds of years; it is also critical for modern technology. Plating is used to decorate objects, for corrosion inhibition, to improve solderability, to harden, to improve wearability, to reduce friction, to improve pa... | Technology | Metallurgy | null |
1208420 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-body%20problem | Three-body problem | In physics, specifically classical mechanics, the three-body problem is to take the initial positions and velocities (or momenta) of three point masses that orbit each other in space and calculate their subsequent trajectories using Newton's laws of motion and Newton's law of universal gravitation.
Unlike the two-bod... | Mathematics | Dynamical systems | null |
1209000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric%20flux | Electric flux | In electromagnetism, electric flux is the total electric field that crosses a given surface. The electric flux through a closed surface is equal to the total charge contained within that surface.
The electric field E can exert a force on an electric charge at any point in space. The electric field is the gradient of ... | Physical sciences | Electrostatics | Physics |
1209183 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colobinae | Colobinae | The Colobinae or leaf-eating monkeys are a subfamily of the Old World monkey family that includes 61 species in 11 genera, including the black-and-white colobus, the large-nosed proboscis monkey, and the gray langurs. Some classifications split the colobine monkeys into two tribes, while others split them into three gr... | Biology and health sciences | Old World monkeys | Animals |
1209545 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head | Head | A head is the part of an organism which usually includes the ears, brain, forehead, cheeks, chin, eyes, nose, and mouth, each of which aid in various sensory functions such as sight, hearing, smell, and taste. Some very simple animals may not have a head, but many bilaterally symmetric forms do, regardless of size.
H... | Biology and health sciences | Animal: General | null |
1209585 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf%20elephant | Dwarf elephant | Dwarf elephants are prehistoric members of the order Proboscidea which, through the process of allopatric speciation on islands, evolved much smaller body sizes (around shoulder height) in comparison with their immediate ancestors. Dwarf elephants are an example of insular dwarfism, the phenomenon whereby large terres... | Biology and health sciences | Proboscidea | Animals |
1209760 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural%20product | Natural product | A natural product is a natural compound or substance produced by a living organism—that is, found in nature. In the broadest sense, natural products include any substance produced by life. Natural products can also be prepared by chemical synthesis (both semisynthesis and total synthesis) and have played a central role... | Physical sciences | Substance | Chemistry |
1209826 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security%20token | Security token | A security token is a peripheral device used to gain access to an electronically restricted resource. The token is used in addition to, or in place of, a password. Examples of security tokens include wireless key cards used to open locked doors, a banking token used as a digital authenticator for signing in to online b... | Technology | Computer security | null |
1210385 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruffed%20lemur | Ruffed lemur | The ruffed lemurs of the genus Varecia are strepsirrhine primates and are the largest extant lemurs within the family Lemuridae. Like all living lemurs, they are found only on the island of Madagascar. Formerly considered to be a monotypic genus, two species are now recognized: the black-and-white ruffed lemur, with it... | Biology and health sciences | Strepsirrhini | Animals |
1210638 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guri%20Dam | Guri Dam | The Simón Bolívar Hydroelectric Plant, also Guri Dam ( or Represa de Guri), previously known as the Raúl Leoni Hydroelectric Plant, is a concrete gravity and embankment dam in Bolívar State, Venezuela, on the Caroni River, built from 1963 to 1969. It is 7,426 metres long and 162 m high. It impounds the large Guri Reser... | Technology | Dams | null |
442638 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo%20heidelbergensis | Homo heidelbergensis | Homo heidelbergensis (also H. erectus heidelbergensis, H. sapiens heidelbergensis) is an extinct species or subspecies of archaic human which existed from around 600,000 to 300,000 years ago, during the Middle Pleistocene. Homo heidelbergensis was widely considered the most recent common ancestor of modern humans and ... | Biology and health sciences | Homo | Biology |
442742 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pterygota | Pterygota | Pterygota ( ) is a subclass of insects that includes all winged insects and groups who lost them secondarily.
Pterygota group comprises 99.9% of all insects. The orders not included are the Archaeognatha (jumping bristletails) and the Zygentoma (silverfishes and firebrats), two primitively wingless insect orders. Unl... | Biology and health sciences | Insects and other hexapods | null |
442831 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stomiiformes | Stomiiformes | Stomiiformes is an order of deep-sea ray-finned fishes of very diverse morphology. It includes, for example, dragonfishes, lightfishes (Gonostomatidae and Phosichthyidae), loosejaws, marine hatchetfishes and viperfishes. The order contains 4 families (5 according to some authors) with more than 50 genera and at least ... | Biology and health sciences | Stomiiformes | Animals |
442884 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barracuda | Barracuda | A barracuda is a large, predatory, ray-finned, saltwater fish of the genus Sphyraena, the only genus in the family Sphyraenidae, which was named by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque in 1815. It is found in tropical and subtropical oceans worldwide ranging from the eastern border of the Atlantic Ocean to the Red Sea, on its... | Biology and health sciences | Acanthomorpha | null |
442916 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avian%20influenza | Avian influenza | Avian influenza, also known as avian flu or bird flu, is a disease caused by the influenza A virus, which primarily affects birds but can sometimes affect mammals including humans. Wild aquatic birds are the primary host of the influenza A virus, which is enzootic (continually present) in many bird populations.
Sympto... | Biology and health sciences | Viral diseases | Health |
442934 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onager%20%28weapon%29 | Onager (weapon) | The onager (, ; ) was a Roman torsion-powered siege engine. It is commonly depicted as a catapult with a bowl, bucket, or sling at the end of its throwing arm. The onager was first mentioned in 353 AD by Ammianus Marcellinus, who described onagers as the same as a scorpion. The onager is often confused with the later m... | Technology | Artillery | null |
443259 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moray%20eel | Moray eel | Moray eels, or Muraenidae (), are a family of eels whose members are found worldwide. There are approximately 200 species in 15 genera which are almost exclusively marine, but several species are regularly seen in brackish water, and a few are found in fresh water.
The English name, moray, dates back to the early 17th... | Biology and health sciences | Anguilliformes | Animals |
443293 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australopithecus%20afarensis | Australopithecus afarensis | Australopithecus afarensis is an extinct species of australopithecine which lived from about 3.9–2.9 million years ago (mya) in the Pliocene of East Africa. The first fossils were discovered in the 1930s, but major fossil finds would not take place until the 1970s. From 1972 to 1977, the International Afar Research Exp... | Biology and health sciences | Australopithecines | Biology |
443366 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diorite | Diorite | Diorite ( ) is an intrusive igneous rock formed by the slow cooling underground of magma (molten rock) that has a moderate content of silica and a relatively low content of alkali metals. It is intermediate in composition between low-silica (mafic) gabbro and high-silica (felsic) granite.
Diorite is found in mountain-... | Physical sciences | Igneous rocks | Earth science |
443800 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shingles | Shingles | Shingles, also known as herpes zoster or zona, is a viral disease characterized by a painful skin rash with blisters in a localized area. Typically the rash occurs in a single, wide mark either on the left or right side of the body or face. Two to four days before the rash occurs there may be tingling or local pain in ... | Biology and health sciences | Viral diseases | Health |
443995 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliconia | Heliconia | Heliconia is a genus of flowering plants in the monotypic family Heliconiaceae. Most of the 194 known species are native to the tropical Americas, but a few are indigenous to certain islands of the western Pacific and Maluku in Indonesia. Many species of Heliconia are found in the tropical forests of these regions. Mos... | Biology and health sciences | Monocots | null |
444008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alstroemeria | Alstroemeria | Alstroemeria (), commonly called the Peruvian lily or lily of the Incas, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Alstroemeriaceae. They are all native to South America, although some have become naturalized in the United States, Mexico, Australia, New Zealand, Madeira and the Canary Islands. Almost all of the spec... | Biology and health sciences | Monocots | null |
444091 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weierstrass%20function | Weierstrass function | In mathematics, the Weierstrass function, named after its discoverer, Karl Weierstrass, is an example of a real-valued function that is continuous everywhere but differentiable nowhere. It is also an example of a fractal curve.
The Weierstrass function has historically served the role of a pathological function, being... | Mathematics | Specific functions | null |
444283 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine%20hatchetfish | Marine hatchetfish | Marine hatchetfishes or deep-sea hatchetfishes are small deep-sea mesopelagic ray-finned fish of the stomiiform subfamily Sternoptychinae. They should not be confused with the freshwater hatchetfishes, which are not particularly closely related Teleostei in the characiform family Gasteropelecidae.
The scientific name ... | Biology and health sciences | Stomiiformes | Animals |
444511 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hedera | Hedera | Hedera, commonly called ivy (plural ivies), is a genus of 12–15 species of evergreen climbing or ground-creeping woody plants in the family Araliaceae, native to Western Europe, Central Europe, Southern Europe, Macaronesia, northwestern Africa and across central-southern Asia east to Japan and Taiwan. Several species a... | Biology and health sciences | Apiales | null |
444541 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilophosaurus | Dilophosaurus | Dilophosaurus ( ) is a genus of theropod dinosaurs that lived in what is now North America during the Early Jurassic, about 186 million years ago. Three skeletons were discovered in northern Arizona in 1940, and the two best preserved were collected in 1942. The most complete specimen became the holotype of a new speci... | Biology and health sciences | Theropods | Animals |
445536 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oven | Oven | An oven is a tool that is used to expose materials to a hot environment. Ovens contain a hollow chamber and provide a means of heating the chamber in a controlled way. In use since antiquity, they have been used to accomplish a wide variety of tasks requiring controlled heating. Because they are used for a variety of p... | Technology | Food and health | null |
445787 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linyphiidae | Linyphiidae | Linyphiidae, spiders commonly known as sheet weavers (from the shape of their webs), or money spiders (in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, and Portugal) is a family of very small spiders comprising 4706 described species in 620 genera worldwide. This makes Linyphiidae the second largest family of sp... | Biology and health sciences | Spiders | Animals |
445914 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharecropping | Sharecropping | Sharecropping is a legal arrangement in which a landowner allows a tenant (sharecropper) to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on that land. Sharecropping is not to be conflated with tenant farming, providing the tenant a higher economic and social status.
Sharecropping has a long history and the... | Technology | Agriculture_2 | null |
445934 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leghorn%20chicken | Leghorn chicken | The Leghorn, or Livornese, is a breed of chicken originating in Tuscany, in central Italy. Birds were first exported to North America in 1828 from the Tuscan port city of Livorno, on the western coast of Italy. They were initially called "Italians", but by 1865 the breed was known as "Leghorn", the traditional anglici... | Biology and health sciences | Chickens | Animals |
445974 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callitropsis%20nootkatensis | Callitropsis nootkatensis | Callitropsis nootkatensis, formerly known as Cupressus nootkatensis (syn. Xanthocyparis nootkatensis, Chamaecyparis nootkatensis), is a species of tree in the cypress family native to the coastal regions of northwestern North America. This species goes by many common names including: Nootka cypress, yellow cypress, Ala... | Biology and health sciences | Cupressaceae | Plants |
445980 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Von%20Neumann%20universe | Von Neumann universe | In set theory and related branches of mathematics, the von Neumann universe, or von Neumann hierarchy of sets, denoted by V, is the class of hereditary well-founded sets. This collection, which is formalized by Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory (ZFC), is often used to provide an interpretation or motivation of the axioms of ... | Mathematics | Set theory | null |
446146 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juniperus%20communis | Juniperus communis | Juniperus communis, the common juniper, is a species of small tree or shrub in the cypress family Cupressaceae. An evergreen conifer, it has the largest geographical range of any woody plant, with a circumpolar distribution throughout the cool temperate Northern Hemisphere.
Description
Juniperus communis is highly var... | Biology and health sciences | Cupressaceae | Plants |
446150 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juniperus%20virginiana | Juniperus virginiana | Juniperus virginiana, also known as eastern redcedar, red cedar, Virginian juniper, eastern juniper, red juniper, and other local names, is a species of juniper native to eastern North America from southeastern Canada to the Gulf of Mexico and east of the Great Plains. Farther west it is replaced by the related Juniper... | Biology and health sciences | Cupressaceae | Plants |
12686237 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incision%20and%20drainage | Incision and drainage | Incision and drainage (I&D), also known as clinical lancing, are minor surgical procedures to release pus or pressure built up under the skin, such as from an abscess, boil, or infected paranasal sinus. It is performed by treating the area with an antiseptic, such as iodine-based solution, and then making a small incis... | Biology and health sciences | Surgery | Health |
20610136 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reproductive%20system | Reproductive system | The reproductive system of an organism, also known as the genital system, is the biological system made up of all the anatomical organs involved in sexual reproduction. Many non-living substances such as fluids, hormones, and pheromones are also important accessories to the reproductive system. Unlike most organ syste... | Biology and health sciences | Reproductive system | null |
20610164 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasp | Wasp | A wasp is any insect of the narrow-waisted suborder Apocrita of the order Hymenoptera which is neither a bee nor an ant; this excludes the broad-waisted sawflies (Symphyta), which look somewhat like wasps, but are in a separate suborder. The wasps do not constitute a clade, a complete natural group with a single ancest... | Biology and health sciences | Hymenoptera | null |
20611030 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ejaculation | Ejaculation | Ejaculation is the discharge of semen (the ejaculate; normally containing sperm) from the penis through the urethra. It is the final stage and natural objective of male sexual stimulation, and an essential component of natural conception. After forming an erection, many men emit pre-ejaculatory fluid during stimulation... | Biology and health sciences | Animal reproduction | Biology |
749012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current%20source | Current source | A current source is an electronic circuit that delivers or absorbs an electric current which is independent of the voltage across it.
A current source is the dual of a voltage source. The term current sink is sometimes used for sources fed from a negative voltage supply. Figure 1 shows the schematic symbol for an idea... | Technology | Components | null |
750772 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooling%20tower | Cooling tower | A cooling tower is a device that rejects waste heat to the atmosphere through the cooling of a coolant stream, usually a water stream, to a lower temperature. Cooling towers may either use the evaporation of water to remove heat and cool the working fluid to near the wet-bulb air temperature or, in the case of dry cool... | Technology | Electricity generation and distribution | null |
751489 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summit | Summit | A summit is a point on a surface that is higher in elevation than all points immediately adjacent to it. The topographic terms acme, apex, peak (mountain peak), and zenith are synonymous.
The term (mountain top) is generally used only for a mountain peak that is located at some distance from the nearest point of high... | Physical sciences | Montane landforms | Earth science |
751771 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distribution%20board | Distribution board | A distribution board (also known as panelboard, circuit breaker panel, breaker panel, electric panel, fuse box or DB box) is a component of an electricity supply system that divides an electrical power feed into subsidiary circuits while providing a protective fuse or circuit breaker for each circuit in a common enclos... | Technology | Electricity transmission and distribution | null |
752048 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc%20chloride | Zinc chloride | Zinc chloride is an inorganic chemical compound with the formula ZnCl2·nH2O, with n ranging from 0 to 4.5, forming hydrates. Zinc chloride, anhydrous and its hydrates, are colorless or white crystalline solids, and are highly soluble in water. Five hydrates of zinc chloride are known, as well as four polymorphs of anh... | Physical sciences | Halide salts | Chemistry |
3454087 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory%20tract%20infection | Respiratory tract infection | Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are infectious diseases involving the lower or upper respiratory tract. An infection of this type usually is further classified as an upper respiratory tract infection (URI or URTI) or a lower respiratory tract infection (LRI or LRTI). Lower respiratory infections, such as pneumonia,... | Biology and health sciences | Infectious diseases by site | Health |
3454256 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euparkeria | Euparkeria | Euparkeria (; meaning "Parker's good animal", named in honor of W. K. Parker) is an extinct genus of archosauriform reptile from the Triassic of South Africa. Euparkeria is close to the ancestry of Archosauria, the reptile group that includes crocodilians, pterosaurs, and dinosaurs (including birds).
Fossils of Eupark... | Biology and health sciences | Other prehistoric archosaurs | Animals |
3459458 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magellanic%20Stream | Magellanic Stream | The Magellanic Stream is a stream of high-velocity clouds of gas extending from the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds over 100° through the Galactic south pole of the Milky Way. The stream contains a gaseous feature dubbed the leading arm. The stream was sighted in 1965 and its relation to the Magellanic Clouds was est... | Physical sciences | Other notable objects | Astronomy |
22112445 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pimple | Pimple | A pimple or zit is a kind of comedo that results from excess sebum and dead skin cells getting trapped in the pores of the skin. In its aggravated state, it may evolve into a pustule or papule. Pimples can be treated by acne medications, antibiotics, and anti-inflammatories prescribed by a physician, or various over th... | Biology and health sciences | Symptoms and signs | Health |
22112814 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henna | Henna | Henna is a reddish dye prepared from the dried and powdered leaves of the henna tree. It has been used since at least the ancient Egyptian period as a hair and body dye, notably in the temporary body art of mehndi (or "henna tattoo") resulting from the staining of the skin using dyes from the henna plant. After henna s... | Biology and health sciences | Myrtales | null |
18426568 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA | NASA | The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA ) is an independent agency of the US federal government responsible for the United States' civil space program, aeronautics research and space research. Established in 1958, it succeeded the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) to give the US space d... | Technology | Programs and launch sites | null |
6101870 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaalbara | Vaalbara | Vaalbara is a hypothetical Archean supercontinent consisting of the Kaapvaal Craton (now in eastern South Africa) and the Pilbara Craton (now in north-western Western Australia). E. S. Cheney derived the name from the last four letters of each craton's name. The two cratons consist of continental crust dating from 2.7 ... | Physical sciences | Paleogeography | Earth science |
6103494 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slave%20Craton | Slave Craton | The Slave Craton is an Archaean craton in the north-western Canadian Shield, in Northwest Territories and Nunavut. The Slave Craton includes the 4.03 Ga-old Acasta Gneiss which is one of the oldest dated rocks on Earth.
Covering about , it is a relatively small but well-exposed craton dominated by ~2.73–2.63 Ga (billi... | Physical sciences | Geologic features | Earth science |
4661656 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali%20salt | Alkali salt | Alkali salts or base salts are salts that are the product of incomplete neutralization of a strong base and a weak acid.
Rather than being neutral (as some other salts), alkali salts are bases as their name suggests. What makes these compounds basic is that the conjugate base from the weak acid hydrolyzes to form a ba... | Physical sciences | Salts and ions: General | Chemistry |
1818157 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eider | Eider | The eiders () are large seaducks in the genus Somateria. The three extant species all breed in the cooler latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere.
The down feathers of eider ducks and some other ducks and geese, are used to fill pillows and quilts—they have given the name to the type of quilt known as an eiderdown.
Taxo... | Biology and health sciences | Anseriformes | Animals |
1818801 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washingtonia%20filifera | Washingtonia filifera | Washingtonia filifera, the desert fan palm, California fan palm, or California palm, is a flowering plant in the palm family Arecaceae, native to the far southwestern United States and Baja California, Mexico. Growing to tall by broad, it is an evergreen monocot with a tree-like growth habit. It has a sturdy, columna... | Biology and health sciences | Arecales (inc. Palms) | Plants |
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