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Convert the following code from Java to Python, ensuring the logic remains intact.
import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.Comparator; public class FileExt{ public static void main(String[] args){ String[] tests = {"text.txt", "text.TXT", "test.tar.gz", "test/test2.exe", "test\\test2.exe", "test", "a/b/c\\d/foo"}; String[] exts = {".txt",".gz","",".bat"}; System.out.println("Extensions: " + Arrays.toString(exts) + "\n"); for(String test:tests){ System.out.println(test +": " + extIsIn(test, exts)); } } public static boolean extIsIn(String test, String... exts){ int lastSlash = Math.max(test.lastIndexOf('/'), test.lastIndexOf('\\')); String filename = test.substring(lastSlash + 1); int lastDot = filename.lastIndexOf('.') == -1 ? filename.length() : filename.lastIndexOf('.'); String ext = filename.substring(lastDot); Arrays.sort(exts); return Arrays.binarySearch(exts, ext, new Comparator<String>() { @Override public int compare(String o1, String o2) { return o1.compareToIgnoreCase(o2); } }) >= 0; } }
def isExt(fileName, extensions): return True in map(fileName.lower().endswith, ("." + e.lower() for e in extensions))
Port the following code from Java to Python with equivalent syntax and logic.
import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.Comparator; public class FileExt{ public static void main(String[] args){ String[] tests = {"text.txt", "text.TXT", "test.tar.gz", "test/test2.exe", "test\\test2.exe", "test", "a/b/c\\d/foo"}; String[] exts = {".txt",".gz","",".bat"}; System.out.println("Extensions: " + Arrays.toString(exts) + "\n"); for(String test:tests){ System.out.println(test +": " + extIsIn(test, exts)); } } public static boolean extIsIn(String test, String... exts){ int lastSlash = Math.max(test.lastIndexOf('/'), test.lastIndexOf('\\')); String filename = test.substring(lastSlash + 1); int lastDot = filename.lastIndexOf('.') == -1 ? filename.length() : filename.lastIndexOf('.'); String ext = filename.substring(lastDot); Arrays.sort(exts); return Arrays.binarySearch(exts, ext, new Comparator<String>() { @Override public int compare(String o1, String o2) { return o1.compareToIgnoreCase(o2); } }) >= 0; } }
def isExt(fileName, extensions): return True in map(fileName.lower().endswith, ("." + e.lower() for e in extensions))
Maintain the same structure and functionality when rewriting this code in Python.
import java.util.*; public class Game24Player { final String[] patterns = {"nnonnoo", "nnonono", "nnnoono", "nnnonoo", "nnnnooo"}; final String ops = "+-*/^"; String solution; List<Integer> digits; public static void main(String[] args) { new Game24Player().play(); } void play() { digits = getSolvableDigits(); Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in); while (true) { System.out.print("Make 24 using these digits: "); System.out.println(digits); System.out.println("(Enter 'q' to quit, 's' for a solution)"); System.out.print("> "); String line = in.nextLine(); if (line.equalsIgnoreCase("q")) { System.out.println("\nThanks for playing"); return; } if (line.equalsIgnoreCase("s")) { System.out.println(solution); digits = getSolvableDigits(); continue; } char[] entry = line.replaceAll("[^*+-/)(\\d]", "").toCharArray(); try { validate(entry); if (evaluate(infixToPostfix(entry))) { System.out.println("\nCorrect! Want to try another? "); digits = getSolvableDigits(); } else { System.out.println("\nNot correct."); } } catch (Exception e) { System.out.printf("%n%s Try again.%n", e.getMessage()); } } } void validate(char[] input) throws Exception { int total1 = 0, parens = 0, opsCount = 0; for (char c : input) { if (Character.isDigit(c)) total1 += 1 << (c - '0') * 4; else if (c == '(') parens++; else if (c == ')') parens--; else if (ops.indexOf(c) != -1) opsCount++; if (parens < 0) throw new Exception("Parentheses mismatch."); } if (parens != 0) throw new Exception("Parentheses mismatch."); if (opsCount != 3) throw new Exception("Wrong number of operators."); int total2 = 0; for (int d : digits) total2 += 1 << d * 4; if (total1 != total2) throw new Exception("Not the same digits."); } boolean evaluate(char[] line) throws Exception { Stack<Float> s = new Stack<>(); try { for (char c : line) { if ('0' <= c && c <= '9') s.push((float) c - '0'); else s.push(applyOperator(s.pop(), s.pop(), c)); } } catch (EmptyStackException e) { throw new Exception("Invalid entry."); } return (Math.abs(24 - s.peek()) < 0.001F); } float applyOperator(float a, float b, char c) { switch (c) { case '+': return a + b; case '-': return b - a; case '*': return a * b; case '/': return b / a; default: return Float.NaN; } } List<Integer> randomDigits() { Random r = new Random(); List<Integer> result = new ArrayList<>(4); for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) result.add(r.nextInt(9) + 1); return result; } List<Integer> getSolvableDigits() { List<Integer> result; do { result = randomDigits(); } while (!isSolvable(result)); return result; } boolean isSolvable(List<Integer> digits) { Set<List<Integer>> dPerms = new HashSet<>(4 * 3 * 2); permute(digits, dPerms, 0); int total = 4 * 4 * 4; List<List<Integer>> oPerms = new ArrayList<>(total); permuteOperators(oPerms, 4, total); StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(4 + 3); for (String pattern : patterns) { char[] patternChars = pattern.toCharArray(); for (List<Integer> dig : dPerms) { for (List<Integer> opr : oPerms) { int i = 0, j = 0; for (char c : patternChars) { if (c == 'n') sb.append(dig.get(i++)); else sb.append(ops.charAt(opr.get(j++))); } String candidate = sb.toString(); try { if (evaluate(candidate.toCharArray())) { solution = postfixToInfix(candidate); return true; } } catch (Exception ignored) { } sb.setLength(0); } } } return false; } String postfixToInfix(String postfix) { class Expression { String op, ex; int prec = 3; Expression(String e) { ex = e; } Expression(String e1, String e2, String o) { ex = String.format("%s %s %s", e1, o, e2); op = o; prec = ops.indexOf(o) / 2; } } Stack<Expression> expr = new Stack<>(); for (char c : postfix.toCharArray()) { int idx = ops.indexOf(c); if (idx != -1) { Expression r = expr.pop(); Expression l = expr.pop(); int opPrec = idx / 2; if (l.prec < opPrec) l.ex = '(' + l.ex + ')'; if (r.prec <= opPrec) r.ex = '(' + r.ex + ')'; expr.push(new Expression(l.ex, r.ex, "" + c)); } else { expr.push(new Expression("" + c)); } } return expr.peek().ex; } char[] infixToPostfix(char[] infix) throws Exception { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); Stack<Integer> s = new Stack<>(); try { for (char c : infix) { int idx = ops.indexOf(c); if (idx != -1) { if (s.isEmpty()) s.push(idx); else { while (!s.isEmpty()) { int prec2 = s.peek() / 2; int prec1 = idx / 2; if (prec2 >= prec1) sb.append(ops.charAt(s.pop())); else break; } s.push(idx); } } else if (c == '(') { s.push(-2); } else if (c == ')') { while (s.peek() != -2) sb.append(ops.charAt(s.pop())); s.pop(); } else { sb.append(c); } } while (!s.isEmpty()) sb.append(ops.charAt(s.pop())); } catch (EmptyStackException e) { throw new Exception("Invalid entry."); } return sb.toString().toCharArray(); } void permute(List<Integer> lst, Set<List<Integer>> res, int k) { for (int i = k; i < lst.size(); i++) { Collections.swap(lst, i, k); permute(lst, res, k + 1); Collections.swap(lst, k, i); } if (k == lst.size()) res.add(new ArrayList<>(lst)); } void permuteOperators(List<List<Integer>> res, int n, int total) { for (int i = 0, npow = n * n; i < total; i++) res.add(Arrays.asList((i / npow), (i % npow) / n, i % n)); } }
from __future__ import division, print_function from itertools import permutations, combinations, product, \ chain from pprint import pprint as pp from fractions import Fraction as F import random, ast, re import sys if sys.version_info[0] < 3: input = raw_input from itertools import izip_longest as zip_longest else: from itertools import zip_longest def choose4(): 'four random digits >0 as characters' return [str(random.randint(1,9)) for i in range(4)] def ask4(): 'get four random digits >0 from the player' digits = '' while len(digits) != 4 or not all(d in '123456789' for d in digits): digits = input('Enter the digits to solve for: ') digits = ''.join(digits.strip().split()) return list(digits) def welcome(digits): print (__doc__) print ("Your four digits: " + ' '.join(digits)) def check(answer, digits): allowed = set('() +-*/\t'+''.join(digits)) ok = all(ch in allowed for ch in answer) and \ all(digits.count(dig) == answer.count(dig) for dig in set(digits)) \ and not re.search('\d\d', answer) if ok: try: ast.parse(answer) except: ok = False return ok def solve(digits): digilen = len(digits) exprlen = 2 * digilen - 1 digiperm = sorted(set(permutations(digits))) opcomb = list(product('+-*/', repeat=digilen-1)) brackets = ( [()] + [(x,y) for x in range(0, exprlen, 2) for y in range(x+4, exprlen+2, 2) if (x,y) != (0,exprlen+1)] + [(0, 3+1, 4+2, 7+3)] ) for d in digiperm: for ops in opcomb: if '/' in ops: d2 = [('F(%s)' % i) for i in d] else: d2 = d ex = list(chain.from_iterable(zip_longest(d2, ops, fillvalue=''))) for b in brackets: exp = ex[::] for insertpoint, bracket in zip(b, '()'*(len(b)//2)): exp.insert(insertpoint, bracket) txt = ''.join(exp) try: num = eval(txt) except ZeroDivisionError: continue if num == 24: if '/' in ops: exp = [ (term if not term.startswith('F(') else term[2]) for term in exp ] ans = ' '.join(exp).rstrip() print ("Solution found:",ans) return ans print ("No solution found for:", ' '.join(digits)) return '!' def main(): digits = choose4() welcome(digits) trial = 0 answer = '' chk = ans = False while not (chk and ans == 24): trial +=1 answer = input("Expression %i: " % trial) chk = check(answer, digits) if answer == '?': solve(digits) answer = '!' if answer.lower() == 'q': break if answer == '!': digits = choose4() trial = 0 print ("\nNew digits:", ' '.join(digits)) continue if answer == '!!': digits = ask4() trial = 0 print ("\nNew digits:", ' '.join(digits)) continue if not chk: print ("The input '%s' was wonky!" % answer) else: if '/' in answer: answer = ''.join( (('F(%s)' % char) if char in '123456789' else char) for char in answer ) ans = eval(answer) print (" = ", ans) if ans == 24: print ("Thats right!") print ("Thank you and goodbye") main()
Rewrite this program in Python while keeping its functionality equivalent to the Java version.
import java.util.*; public class Game24Player { final String[] patterns = {"nnonnoo", "nnonono", "nnnoono", "nnnonoo", "nnnnooo"}; final String ops = "+-*/^"; String solution; List<Integer> digits; public static void main(String[] args) { new Game24Player().play(); } void play() { digits = getSolvableDigits(); Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in); while (true) { System.out.print("Make 24 using these digits: "); System.out.println(digits); System.out.println("(Enter 'q' to quit, 's' for a solution)"); System.out.print("> "); String line = in.nextLine(); if (line.equalsIgnoreCase("q")) { System.out.println("\nThanks for playing"); return; } if (line.equalsIgnoreCase("s")) { System.out.println(solution); digits = getSolvableDigits(); continue; } char[] entry = line.replaceAll("[^*+-/)(\\d]", "").toCharArray(); try { validate(entry); if (evaluate(infixToPostfix(entry))) { System.out.println("\nCorrect! Want to try another? "); digits = getSolvableDigits(); } else { System.out.println("\nNot correct."); } } catch (Exception e) { System.out.printf("%n%s Try again.%n", e.getMessage()); } } } void validate(char[] input) throws Exception { int total1 = 0, parens = 0, opsCount = 0; for (char c : input) { if (Character.isDigit(c)) total1 += 1 << (c - '0') * 4; else if (c == '(') parens++; else if (c == ')') parens--; else if (ops.indexOf(c) != -1) opsCount++; if (parens < 0) throw new Exception("Parentheses mismatch."); } if (parens != 0) throw new Exception("Parentheses mismatch."); if (opsCount != 3) throw new Exception("Wrong number of operators."); int total2 = 0; for (int d : digits) total2 += 1 << d * 4; if (total1 != total2) throw new Exception("Not the same digits."); } boolean evaluate(char[] line) throws Exception { Stack<Float> s = new Stack<>(); try { for (char c : line) { if ('0' <= c && c <= '9') s.push((float) c - '0'); else s.push(applyOperator(s.pop(), s.pop(), c)); } } catch (EmptyStackException e) { throw new Exception("Invalid entry."); } return (Math.abs(24 - s.peek()) < 0.001F); } float applyOperator(float a, float b, char c) { switch (c) { case '+': return a + b; case '-': return b - a; case '*': return a * b; case '/': return b / a; default: return Float.NaN; } } List<Integer> randomDigits() { Random r = new Random(); List<Integer> result = new ArrayList<>(4); for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) result.add(r.nextInt(9) + 1); return result; } List<Integer> getSolvableDigits() { List<Integer> result; do { result = randomDigits(); } while (!isSolvable(result)); return result; } boolean isSolvable(List<Integer> digits) { Set<List<Integer>> dPerms = new HashSet<>(4 * 3 * 2); permute(digits, dPerms, 0); int total = 4 * 4 * 4; List<List<Integer>> oPerms = new ArrayList<>(total); permuteOperators(oPerms, 4, total); StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(4 + 3); for (String pattern : patterns) { char[] patternChars = pattern.toCharArray(); for (List<Integer> dig : dPerms) { for (List<Integer> opr : oPerms) { int i = 0, j = 0; for (char c : patternChars) { if (c == 'n') sb.append(dig.get(i++)); else sb.append(ops.charAt(opr.get(j++))); } String candidate = sb.toString(); try { if (evaluate(candidate.toCharArray())) { solution = postfixToInfix(candidate); return true; } } catch (Exception ignored) { } sb.setLength(0); } } } return false; } String postfixToInfix(String postfix) { class Expression { String op, ex; int prec = 3; Expression(String e) { ex = e; } Expression(String e1, String e2, String o) { ex = String.format("%s %s %s", e1, o, e2); op = o; prec = ops.indexOf(o) / 2; } } Stack<Expression> expr = new Stack<>(); for (char c : postfix.toCharArray()) { int idx = ops.indexOf(c); if (idx != -1) { Expression r = expr.pop(); Expression l = expr.pop(); int opPrec = idx / 2; if (l.prec < opPrec) l.ex = '(' + l.ex + ')'; if (r.prec <= opPrec) r.ex = '(' + r.ex + ')'; expr.push(new Expression(l.ex, r.ex, "" + c)); } else { expr.push(new Expression("" + c)); } } return expr.peek().ex; } char[] infixToPostfix(char[] infix) throws Exception { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); Stack<Integer> s = new Stack<>(); try { for (char c : infix) { int idx = ops.indexOf(c); if (idx != -1) { if (s.isEmpty()) s.push(idx); else { while (!s.isEmpty()) { int prec2 = s.peek() / 2; int prec1 = idx / 2; if (prec2 >= prec1) sb.append(ops.charAt(s.pop())); else break; } s.push(idx); } } else if (c == '(') { s.push(-2); } else if (c == ')') { while (s.peek() != -2) sb.append(ops.charAt(s.pop())); s.pop(); } else { sb.append(c); } } while (!s.isEmpty()) sb.append(ops.charAt(s.pop())); } catch (EmptyStackException e) { throw new Exception("Invalid entry."); } return sb.toString().toCharArray(); } void permute(List<Integer> lst, Set<List<Integer>> res, int k) { for (int i = k; i < lst.size(); i++) { Collections.swap(lst, i, k); permute(lst, res, k + 1); Collections.swap(lst, k, i); } if (k == lst.size()) res.add(new ArrayList<>(lst)); } void permuteOperators(List<List<Integer>> res, int n, int total) { for (int i = 0, npow = n * n; i < total; i++) res.add(Arrays.asList((i / npow), (i % npow) / n, i % n)); } }
from __future__ import division, print_function from itertools import permutations, combinations, product, \ chain from pprint import pprint as pp from fractions import Fraction as F import random, ast, re import sys if sys.version_info[0] < 3: input = raw_input from itertools import izip_longest as zip_longest else: from itertools import zip_longest def choose4(): 'four random digits >0 as characters' return [str(random.randint(1,9)) for i in range(4)] def ask4(): 'get four random digits >0 from the player' digits = '' while len(digits) != 4 or not all(d in '123456789' for d in digits): digits = input('Enter the digits to solve for: ') digits = ''.join(digits.strip().split()) return list(digits) def welcome(digits): print (__doc__) print ("Your four digits: " + ' '.join(digits)) def check(answer, digits): allowed = set('() +-*/\t'+''.join(digits)) ok = all(ch in allowed for ch in answer) and \ all(digits.count(dig) == answer.count(dig) for dig in set(digits)) \ and not re.search('\d\d', answer) if ok: try: ast.parse(answer) except: ok = False return ok def solve(digits): digilen = len(digits) exprlen = 2 * digilen - 1 digiperm = sorted(set(permutations(digits))) opcomb = list(product('+-*/', repeat=digilen-1)) brackets = ( [()] + [(x,y) for x in range(0, exprlen, 2) for y in range(x+4, exprlen+2, 2) if (x,y) != (0,exprlen+1)] + [(0, 3+1, 4+2, 7+3)] ) for d in digiperm: for ops in opcomb: if '/' in ops: d2 = [('F(%s)' % i) for i in d] else: d2 = d ex = list(chain.from_iterable(zip_longest(d2, ops, fillvalue=''))) for b in brackets: exp = ex[::] for insertpoint, bracket in zip(b, '()'*(len(b)//2)): exp.insert(insertpoint, bracket) txt = ''.join(exp) try: num = eval(txt) except ZeroDivisionError: continue if num == 24: if '/' in ops: exp = [ (term if not term.startswith('F(') else term[2]) for term in exp ] ans = ' '.join(exp).rstrip() print ("Solution found:",ans) return ans print ("No solution found for:", ' '.join(digits)) return '!' def main(): digits = choose4() welcome(digits) trial = 0 answer = '' chk = ans = False while not (chk and ans == 24): trial +=1 answer = input("Expression %i: " % trial) chk = check(answer, digits) if answer == '?': solve(digits) answer = '!' if answer.lower() == 'q': break if answer == '!': digits = choose4() trial = 0 print ("\nNew digits:", ' '.join(digits)) continue if answer == '!!': digits = ask4() trial = 0 print ("\nNew digits:", ' '.join(digits)) continue if not chk: print ("The input '%s' was wonky!" % answer) else: if '/' in answer: answer = ''.join( (('F(%s)' % char) if char in '123456789' else char) for char in answer ) ans = eval(answer) print (" = ", ans) if ans == 24: print ("Thats right!") print ("Thank you and goodbye") main()
Convert the following code from Java to Python, ensuring the logic remains intact.
import java.util.Scanner; import java.util.Random; public class CheckpointSync{ public static void main(String[] args){ System.out.print("Enter number of workers to use: "); Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in); Worker.nWorkers = in.nextInt(); System.out.print("Enter number of tasks to complete:"); runTasks(in.nextInt()); } private static void runTasks(int nTasks){ for(int i = 0; i < nTasks; i++){ System.out.println("Starting task number " + (i+1) + "."); runThreads(); Worker.checkpoint(); } } private static void runThreads(){ for(int i = 0; i < Worker.nWorkers; i ++){ new Thread(new Worker(i+1)).start(); } } public static class Worker implements Runnable{ public Worker(int threadID){ this.threadID = threadID; } public void run(){ work(); } private synchronized void work(){ try { int workTime = rgen.nextInt(900) + 100; System.out.println("Worker " + threadID + " will work for " + workTime + " msec."); Thread.sleep(workTime); nFinished++; System.out.println("Worker " + threadID + " is ready"); } catch (InterruptedException e) { System.err.println("Error: thread execution interrupted"); e.printStackTrace(); } } public static synchronized void checkpoint(){ while(nFinished != nWorkers){ try { Thread.sleep(10); } catch (InterruptedException e) { System.err.println("Error: thread execution interrupted"); e.printStackTrace(); } } nFinished = 0; } private int threadID; private static Random rgen = new Random(); private static int nFinished = 0; public static int nWorkers = 0; } }
import threading import time import random def worker(workernum, barrier): sleeptime = random.random() print('Starting worker '+str(workernum)+" task 1, sleeptime="+str(sleeptime)) time.sleep(sleeptime) print('Exiting worker'+str(workernum)) barrier.wait() sleeptime = random.random() print('Starting worker '+str(workernum)+" task 2, sleeptime="+str(sleeptime)) time.sleep(sleeptime) print('Exiting worker'+str(workernum)) barrier = threading.Barrier(3) w1 = threading.Thread(target=worker, args=((1,barrier))) w2 = threading.Thread(target=worker, args=((2,barrier))) w3 = threading.Thread(target=worker, args=((3,barrier))) w1.start() w2.start() w3.start()
Keep all operations the same but rewrite the snippet in Python.
public class VLQCode { public static byte[] encode(long n) { int numRelevantBits = 64 - Long.numberOfLeadingZeros(n); int numBytes = (numRelevantBits + 6) / 7; if (numBytes == 0) numBytes = 1; byte[] output = new byte[numBytes]; for (int i = numBytes - 1; i >= 0; i--) { int curByte = (int)(n & 0x7F); if (i != (numBytes - 1)) curByte |= 0x80; output[i] = (byte)curByte; n >>>= 7; } return output; } public static long decode(byte[] b) { long n = 0; for (int i = 0; i < b.length; i++) { int curByte = b[i] & 0xFF; n = (n << 7) | (curByte & 0x7F); if ((curByte & 0x80) == 0) break; } return n; } public static String byteArrayToString(byte[] b) { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); for (int i = 0; i < b.length; i++) { if (i > 0) sb.append(", "); String s = Integer.toHexString(b[i] & 0xFF); if (s.length() < 2) s = "0" + s; sb.append(s); } return sb.toString(); } public static void main(String[] args) { long[] testNumbers = { 2097152, 2097151, 1, 127, 128, 589723405834L }; for (long n : testNumbers) { byte[] encoded = encode(n); long decoded = decode(encoded); System.out.println("Original input=" + n + ", encoded = [" + byteArrayToString(encoded) + "], decoded=" + decoded + ", " + ((n == decoded) ? "OK" : "FAIL")); } } }
def tobits(n, _group=8, _sep='_', _pad=False): 'Express n as binary bits with separator' bits = '{0:b}'.format(n)[::-1] if _pad: bits = '{0:0{1}b}'.format(n, ((_group+len(bits)-1)//_group)*_group)[::-1] answer = _sep.join(bits[i:i+_group] for i in range(0, len(bits), _group))[::-1] answer = '0'*(len(_sep)-1) + answer else: answer = _sep.join(bits[i:i+_group] for i in range(0, len(bits), _group))[::-1] return answer def tovlq(n): return tobits(n, _group=7, _sep='1_', _pad=True) def toint(vlq): return int(''.join(vlq.split('_1')), 2) def vlqsend(vlq): for i, byte in enumerate(vlq.split('_')[::-1]): print('Sent byte {0:3}: {1:
Transform the following Java implementation into Python, maintaining the same output and logic.
import java.io.*; import java.security.*; import java.util.*; public class SHA256MerkleTree { public static void main(String[] args) { if (args.length != 1) { System.err.println("missing file argument"); System.exit(1); } try (InputStream in = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(args[0]))) { byte[] digest = sha256MerkleTree(in, 1024); if (digest != null) System.out.println(digestToString(digest)); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } private static String digestToString(byte[] digest) { StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder(); for (int i = 0; i < digest.length; ++i) result.append(String.format("%02x", digest[i])); return result.toString(); } private static byte[] sha256MerkleTree(InputStream in, int blockSize) throws Exception { byte[] buffer = new byte[blockSize]; int bytes; MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-256"); List<byte[]> digests = new ArrayList<>(); while ((bytes = in.read(buffer)) > 0) { md.reset(); md.update(buffer, 0, bytes); digests.add(md.digest()); } int length = digests.size(); if (length == 0) return null; while (length > 1) { int j = 0; for (int i = 0; i < length; i += 2, ++j) { byte[] digest1 = digests.get(i); if (i + 1 < length) { byte[] digest2 = digests.get(i + 1); md.reset(); md.update(digest1); md.update(digest2); digests.set(j, md.digest()); } else { digests.set(j, digest1); } } length = j; } return digests.get(0); } }
import argh import hashlib import sys @argh.arg('filename', nargs='?', default=None) def main(filename, block_size=1024*1024): if filename: fin = open(filename, 'rb') else: fin = sys.stdin stack = [] block = fin.read(block_size) while block: node = (0, hashlib.sha256(block).digest()) stack.append(node) while len(stack) >= 2 and stack[-2][0] == stack[-1][0]: a = stack[-2] b = stack[-1] l = a[0] stack[-2:] = [(l+1, hashlib.sha256(a[1] + b[1]).digest())] block = fin.read(block_size) while len(stack) > 1: a = stack[-2] b = stack[-1] al = a[0] bl = b[0] stack[-2:] = [(max(al, bl)+1, hashlib.sha256(a[1] + b[1]).digest())] print(stack[0][1].hex()) argh.dispatch_command(main)
Change the programming language of this snippet from Java to Python without modifying what it does.
String str = "alphaBETA"; System.out.println(str.toUpperCase()); System.out.println(str.toLowerCase()); System.out.println("äàâáçñßæεбế".toUpperCase()); System.out.println("ÄÀÂÁÇÑSSÆΕБẾ".toLowerCase());
s = "alphaBETA" print s.upper() print s.lower() print s.swapcase() print "fOo bAR".capitalize() print "fOo bAR".title() import string print string.capwords("fOo bAR")
Write a version of this Java function in Python with identical behavior.
import javax.swing.*; public class GetInputSwing { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { int number = Integer.parseInt( JOptionPane.showInputDialog ("Enter an Integer")); String string = JOptionPane.showInputDialog ("Enter a String"); } }
from javax.swing import JOptionPane def to_int(n, default=0): try: return int(n) except ValueError: return default number = to_int(JOptionPane.showInputDialog ("Enter an Integer")) println(number) a_string = JOptionPane.showInputDialog ("Enter a String") println(a_string)
Change the following Java code into Python without altering its purpose.
final PVector t = new PVector(20, 30, 60); void setup() { size(450, 400); noLoop(); background(0, 0, 200); stroke(-1); sc(7, 400, -60, t); } PVector sc(int o, float l, final int a, final PVector s) { if (o > 0) { sc(--o, l *= .5, -a, s).z += a; sc(o, l, a, s).z += a; sc(o, l, -a, s); } else line(s.x, s.y, s.x += cos(radians(s.z)) * l, s.y += sin(radians(s.z)) * l); return s; }
t = { 'x': 20, 'y': 30, 'a': 60 } def setup(): size(450, 400) background(0, 0, 200) stroke(-1) sc(7, 400, -60) def sc(o, l, a, s = t, X = 'x', Y = 'y', A = 'a', HALF = .5): if o: o -= 1 l *= HALF sc(o, l, -a)[A] += a sc(o, l, a)[A] += a sc(o, l, -a) else: x, y = s[X], s[Y] s[X] += cos(radians(s[A])) * l s[Y] += sin(radians(s[A])) * l line(x, y, s[X], s[Y]) return s
Change the programming language of this snippet from Java to Python without modifying what it does.
import java.io.File; import java.util.*; import static java.lang.System.out; public class TextProcessing1 { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { Locale.setDefault(new Locale("en", "US")); Metrics metrics = new Metrics(); int dataGap = 0; String gapBeginDate = null; try (Scanner lines = new Scanner(new File("readings.txt"))) { while (lines.hasNextLine()) { double lineTotal = 0.0; int linePairs = 0; int lineInvalid = 0; String lineDate; try (Scanner line = new Scanner(lines.nextLine())) { lineDate = line.next(); while (line.hasNext()) { final double value = line.nextDouble(); if (line.nextInt() <= 0) { if (dataGap == 0) gapBeginDate = lineDate; dataGap++; lineInvalid++; continue; } lineTotal += value; linePairs++; metrics.addDataGap(dataGap, gapBeginDate, lineDate); dataGap = 0; } } metrics.addLine(lineTotal, linePairs); metrics.lineResult(lineDate, lineInvalid, linePairs, lineTotal); } metrics.report(); } } private static class Metrics { private List<String[]> gapDates; private int maxDataGap = -1; private double total; private int pairs; private int lineResultCount; void addLine(double tot, double prs) { total += tot; pairs += prs; } void addDataGap(int gap, String begin, String end) { if (gap > 0 && gap >= maxDataGap) { if (gap > maxDataGap) { maxDataGap = gap; gapDates = new ArrayList<>(); } gapDates.add(new String[]{begin, end}); } } void lineResult(String date, int invalid, int prs, double tot) { if (lineResultCount >= 3) return; out.printf("%10s out: %2d in: %2d tot: %10.3f avg: %10.3f%n", date, invalid, prs, tot, (prs > 0) ? tot / prs : 0.0); lineResultCount++; } void report() { out.printf("%ntotal = %10.3f%n", total); out.printf("readings = %6d%n", pairs); out.printf("average = %010.3f%n", total / pairs); out.printf("%nmaximum run(s) of %d invalid measurements: %n", maxDataGap); for (String[] dates : gapDates) out.printf("begins at %s and ends at %s%n", dates[0], dates[1]); } } }
import fileinput import sys nodata = 0; nodata_max=-1; nodata_maxline=[]; tot_file = 0 num_file = 0 infiles = sys.argv[1:] for line in fileinput.input(): tot_line=0; num_line=0; field = line.split() date = field[0] data = [float(f) for f in field[1::2]] flags = [int(f) for f in field[2::2]] for datum, flag in zip(data, flags): if flag<1: nodata += 1 else: if nodata_max==nodata and nodata>0: nodata_maxline.append(date) if nodata_max<nodata and nodata>0: nodata_max=nodata nodata_maxline=[date] nodata=0; tot_line += datum num_line += 1 tot_file += tot_line num_file += num_line print "Line: %11s Reject: %2i Accept: %2i Line_tot: %10.3f Line_avg: %10.3f" % ( date, len(data) -num_line, num_line, tot_line, tot_line/num_line if (num_line>0) else 0) print "" print "File(s) = %s" % (", ".join(infiles),) print "Total = %10.3f" % (tot_file,) print "Readings = %6i" % (num_file,) print "Average = %10.3f" % (tot_file / num_file,) print "\nMaximum run(s) of %i consecutive false readings ends at line starting with date(s): %s" % ( nodata_max, ", ".join(nodata_maxline))
Produce a language-to-language conversion: from Java to Python, same semantics.
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets; import java.security.MessageDigest; import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException; public class Digester { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println(hexDigest("Rosetta code", "MD5")); } static String hexDigest(String str, String digestName) { try { MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance(digestName); byte[] digest = md.digest(str.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)); char[] hex = new char[digest.length * 2]; for (int i = 0; i < digest.length; i++) { hex[2 * i] = "0123456789abcdef".charAt((digest[i] & 0xf0) >> 4); hex[2 * i + 1] = "0123456789abcdef".charAt(digest[i] & 0x0f); } return new String(hex); } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) { throw new IllegalStateException(e); } } }
>>> import hashlib >>> >>> tests = ( (b"", 'd41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e'), (b"a", '0cc175b9c0f1b6a831c399e269772661'), (b"abc", '900150983cd24fb0d6963f7d28e17f72'), (b"message digest", 'f96b697d7cb7938d525a2f31aaf161d0'), (b"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz", 'c3fcd3d76192e4007dfb496cca67e13b'), (b"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789", 'd174ab98d277d9f5a5611c2c9f419d9f'), (b"12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890", '57edf4a22be3c955ac49da2e2107b67a') ) >>> for text, golden in tests: assert hashlib.md5(text).hexdigest() == golden >>>
Convert this Java snippet to Python and keep its semantics consistent.
import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.List; import java.util.stream.LongStream; public class AliquotSequenceClassifications { private static Long properDivsSum(long n) { return LongStream.rangeClosed(1, (n + 1) / 2).filter(i -> n % i == 0 && n != i).sum(); } static boolean aliquot(long n, int maxLen, long maxTerm) { List<Long> s = new ArrayList<>(maxLen); s.add(n); long newN = n; while (s.size() <= maxLen && newN < maxTerm) { newN = properDivsSum(s.get(s.size() - 1)); if (s.contains(newN)) { if (s.get(0) == newN) { switch (s.size()) { case 1: return report("Perfect", s); case 2: return report("Amicable", s); default: return report("Sociable of length " + s.size(), s); } } else if (s.get(s.size() - 1) == newN) { return report("Aspiring", s); } else return report("Cyclic back to " + newN, s); } else { s.add(newN); if (newN == 0) return report("Terminating", s); } } return report("Non-terminating", s); } static boolean report(String msg, List<Long> result) { System.out.println(msg + ": " + result); return false; } public static void main(String[] args) { long[] arr = { 11, 12, 28, 496, 220, 1184, 12496, 1264460, 790, 909, 562, 1064, 1488}; LongStream.rangeClosed(1, 10).forEach(n -> aliquot(n, 16, 1L << 47)); System.out.println(); Arrays.stream(arr).forEach(n -> aliquot(n, 16, 1L << 47)); } }
from proper_divisors import proper_divs from functools import lru_cache @lru_cache() def pdsum(n): return sum(proper_divs(n)) def aliquot(n, maxlen=16, maxterm=2**47): if n == 0: return 'terminating', [0] s, slen, new = [n], 1, n while slen <= maxlen and new < maxterm: new = pdsum(s[-1]) if new in s: if s[0] == new: if slen == 1: return 'perfect', s elif slen == 2: return 'amicable', s else: return 'sociable of length %i' % slen, s elif s[-1] == new: return 'aspiring', s else: return 'cyclic back to %i' % new, s elif new == 0: return 'terminating', s + [0] else: s.append(new) slen += 1 else: return 'non-terminating', s if __name__ == '__main__': for n in range(1, 11): print('%s: %r' % aliquot(n)) print() for n in [11, 12, 28, 496, 220, 1184, 12496, 1264460, 790, 909, 562, 1064, 1488, 15355717786080]: print('%s: %r' % aliquot(n))
Generate an equivalent Python version of this Java code.
import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.List; import java.util.stream.LongStream; public class AliquotSequenceClassifications { private static Long properDivsSum(long n) { return LongStream.rangeClosed(1, (n + 1) / 2).filter(i -> n % i == 0 && n != i).sum(); } static boolean aliquot(long n, int maxLen, long maxTerm) { List<Long> s = new ArrayList<>(maxLen); s.add(n); long newN = n; while (s.size() <= maxLen && newN < maxTerm) { newN = properDivsSum(s.get(s.size() - 1)); if (s.contains(newN)) { if (s.get(0) == newN) { switch (s.size()) { case 1: return report("Perfect", s); case 2: return report("Amicable", s); default: return report("Sociable of length " + s.size(), s); } } else if (s.get(s.size() - 1) == newN) { return report("Aspiring", s); } else return report("Cyclic back to " + newN, s); } else { s.add(newN); if (newN == 0) return report("Terminating", s); } } return report("Non-terminating", s); } static boolean report(String msg, List<Long> result) { System.out.println(msg + ": " + result); return false; } public static void main(String[] args) { long[] arr = { 11, 12, 28, 496, 220, 1184, 12496, 1264460, 790, 909, 562, 1064, 1488}; LongStream.rangeClosed(1, 10).forEach(n -> aliquot(n, 16, 1L << 47)); System.out.println(); Arrays.stream(arr).forEach(n -> aliquot(n, 16, 1L << 47)); } }
from proper_divisors import proper_divs from functools import lru_cache @lru_cache() def pdsum(n): return sum(proper_divs(n)) def aliquot(n, maxlen=16, maxterm=2**47): if n == 0: return 'terminating', [0] s, slen, new = [n], 1, n while slen <= maxlen and new < maxterm: new = pdsum(s[-1]) if new in s: if s[0] == new: if slen == 1: return 'perfect', s elif slen == 2: return 'amicable', s else: return 'sociable of length %i' % slen, s elif s[-1] == new: return 'aspiring', s else: return 'cyclic back to %i' % new, s elif new == 0: return 'terminating', s + [0] else: s.append(new) slen += 1 else: return 'non-terminating', s if __name__ == '__main__': for n in range(1, 11): print('%s: %r' % aliquot(n)) print() for n in [11, 12, 28, 496, 220, 1184, 12496, 1264460, 790, 909, 562, 1064, 1488, 15355717786080]: print('%s: %r' % aliquot(n))
Keep all operations the same but rewrite the snippet in Python.
import java.time.*; import java.time.format.*; class Main { public static void main(String args[]) { String dateStr = "March 7 2009 7:30pm EST"; DateTimeFormatter df = new DateTimeFormatterBuilder() .parseCaseInsensitive() .appendPattern("MMMM d yyyy h:mma zzz") .toFormatter(); ZonedDateTime after12Hours = ZonedDateTime.parse(dateStr, df).plusHours(12); System.out.println("Date: " + dateStr); System.out.println("+12h: " + after12Hours.format(df)); ZonedDateTime after12HoursInCentralEuropeTime = after12Hours.withZoneSameInstant(ZoneId.of("CET")); System.out.println("+12h (in Central Europe): " + after12HoursInCentralEuropeTime.format(df)); } }
import datetime def mt(): datime1="March 7 2009 7:30pm EST" formatting = "%B %d %Y %I:%M%p " datime2 = datime1[:-3] tdelta = datetime.timedelta(hours=12) s3 = datetime.datetime.strptime(datime2, formatting) datime2 = s3+tdelta print datime2.strftime("%B %d %Y %I:%M%p %Z") + datime1[-3:] mt()
Write a version of this Java function in Python with identical behavior.
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch; public class SleepSort { public static void sleepSortAndPrint(int[] nums) { final CountDownLatch doneSignal = new CountDownLatch(nums.length); for (final int num : nums) { new Thread(new Runnable() { public void run() { doneSignal.countDown(); try { doneSignal.await(); Thread.sleep(num * 1000); System.out.println(num); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }).start(); } } public static void main(String[] args) { int[] nums = new int[args.length]; for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) nums[i] = Integer.parseInt(args[i]); sleepSortAndPrint(nums); } }
from time import sleep from threading import Timer def sleepsort(values): sleepsort.result = [] def add1(x): sleepsort.result.append(x) mx = values[0] for v in values: if mx < v: mx = v Timer(v, add1, [v]).start() sleep(mx+1) return sleepsort.result if __name__ == '__main__': x = [3,2,4,7,3,6,9,1] if sleepsort(x) == sorted(x): print('sleep sort worked for:',x) else: print('sleep sort FAILED for:',x)
Produce a language-to-language conversion: from Java to Python, same semantics.
import java.util.Random; public class NestedLoopTest { public static final Random gen = new Random(); public static void main(String[] args) { int[][] a = new int[10][10]; for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) for (int j = 0; j < a[i].length; j++) a[i][j] = gen.nextInt(20) + 1; Outer:for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < a[i].length; j++) { System.out.print(" " + a[i][j]); if (a[i][j] == 20) break Outer; } System.out.println(); } System.out.println(); } }
from random import randint def do_scan(mat): for row in mat: for item in row: print item, if item == 20: print return print print mat = [[randint(1, 20) for x in xrange(10)] for y in xrange(10)] do_scan(mat)
Generate a Python translation of this Java snippet without changing its computational steps.
import java.math.BigInteger; import static java.math.BigInteger.ONE; public class PythTrip{ public static void main(String[] args){ long tripCount = 0, primCount = 0; BigInteger periLimit = BigInteger.valueOf(100), peri2 = periLimit.divide(BigInteger.valueOf(2)), peri3 = periLimit.divide(BigInteger.valueOf(3)); for(BigInteger a = ONE; a.compareTo(peri3) < 0; a = a.add(ONE)){ BigInteger aa = a.multiply(a); for(BigInteger b = a.add(ONE); b.compareTo(peri2) < 0; b = b.add(ONE)){ BigInteger bb = b.multiply(b); BigInteger ab = a.add(b); BigInteger aabb = aa.add(bb); for(BigInteger c = b.add(ONE); c.compareTo(peri2) < 0; c = c.add(ONE)){ int compare = aabb.compareTo(c.multiply(c)); if(ab.add(c).compareTo(periLimit) > 0){ break; } if(compare < 0){ break; }else if (compare == 0){ tripCount++; System.out.print(a + ", " + b + ", " + c); if(a.gcd(b).equals(ONE)){ System.out.print(" primitive"); primCount++; } System.out.println(); } } } } System.out.println("Up to a perimeter of " + periLimit + ", there are " + tripCount + " triples, of which " + primCount + " are primitive."); } }
from fractions import gcd def pt1(maxperimeter=100): trips = [] for a in range(1, maxperimeter): aa = a*a for b in range(a, maxperimeter-a+1): bb = b*b for c in range(b, maxperimeter-b-a+1): cc = c*c if a+b+c > maxperimeter or cc > aa + bb: break if aa + bb == cc: trips.append((a,b,c, gcd(a, b) == 1)) return trips def pytrip(trip=(3,4,5),perim=100, prim=1): a0, b0, c0 = a, b, c = sorted(trip) t, firstprim = set(), prim>0 while a + b + c <= perim: t.add((a, b, c, firstprim>0)) a, b, c, firstprim = a+a0, b+b0, c+c0, False t2 = set() for a, b, c, firstprim in t: a2, a5, b2, b5, c2, c3, c7 = a*2, a*5, b*2, b*5, c*2, c*3, c*7 if a5 - b5 + c7 <= perim: t2 |= pytrip(( a - b2 + c2, a2 - b + c2, a2 - b2 + c3), perim, firstprim) if a5 + b5 + c7 <= perim: t2 |= pytrip(( a + b2 + c2, a2 + b + c2, a2 + b2 + c3), perim, firstprim) if -a5 + b5 + c7 <= perim: t2 |= pytrip((-a + b2 + c2, -a2 + b + c2, -a2 + b2 + c3), perim, firstprim) return t | t2 def pt2(maxperimeter=100): trips = pytrip((3,4,5), maxperimeter, 1) return trips def printit(maxperimeter=100, pt=pt1): trips = pt(maxperimeter) print(" Up to a perimeter of %i there are %i triples, of which %i are primitive" % (maxperimeter, len(trips), len([prim for a,b,c,prim in trips if prim]))) for algo, mn, mx in ((pt1, 250, 2500), (pt2, 500, 20000)): print(algo.__doc__) for maxperimeter in range(mn, mx+1, mn): printit(maxperimeter, algo)
Produce a language-to-language conversion: from Java to Python, same semantics.
import java.math.BigInteger; import static java.math.BigInteger.ONE; public class PythTrip{ public static void main(String[] args){ long tripCount = 0, primCount = 0; BigInteger periLimit = BigInteger.valueOf(100), peri2 = periLimit.divide(BigInteger.valueOf(2)), peri3 = periLimit.divide(BigInteger.valueOf(3)); for(BigInteger a = ONE; a.compareTo(peri3) < 0; a = a.add(ONE)){ BigInteger aa = a.multiply(a); for(BigInteger b = a.add(ONE); b.compareTo(peri2) < 0; b = b.add(ONE)){ BigInteger bb = b.multiply(b); BigInteger ab = a.add(b); BigInteger aabb = aa.add(bb); for(BigInteger c = b.add(ONE); c.compareTo(peri2) < 0; c = c.add(ONE)){ int compare = aabb.compareTo(c.multiply(c)); if(ab.add(c).compareTo(periLimit) > 0){ break; } if(compare < 0){ break; }else if (compare == 0){ tripCount++; System.out.print(a + ", " + b + ", " + c); if(a.gcd(b).equals(ONE)){ System.out.print(" primitive"); primCount++; } System.out.println(); } } } } System.out.println("Up to a perimeter of " + periLimit + ", there are " + tripCount + " triples, of which " + primCount + " are primitive."); } }
from fractions import gcd def pt1(maxperimeter=100): trips = [] for a in range(1, maxperimeter): aa = a*a for b in range(a, maxperimeter-a+1): bb = b*b for c in range(b, maxperimeter-b-a+1): cc = c*c if a+b+c > maxperimeter or cc > aa + bb: break if aa + bb == cc: trips.append((a,b,c, gcd(a, b) == 1)) return trips def pytrip(trip=(3,4,5),perim=100, prim=1): a0, b0, c0 = a, b, c = sorted(trip) t, firstprim = set(), prim>0 while a + b + c <= perim: t.add((a, b, c, firstprim>0)) a, b, c, firstprim = a+a0, b+b0, c+c0, False t2 = set() for a, b, c, firstprim in t: a2, a5, b2, b5, c2, c3, c7 = a*2, a*5, b*2, b*5, c*2, c*3, c*7 if a5 - b5 + c7 <= perim: t2 |= pytrip(( a - b2 + c2, a2 - b + c2, a2 - b2 + c3), perim, firstprim) if a5 + b5 + c7 <= perim: t2 |= pytrip(( a + b2 + c2, a2 + b + c2, a2 + b2 + c3), perim, firstprim) if -a5 + b5 + c7 <= perim: t2 |= pytrip((-a + b2 + c2, -a2 + b + c2, -a2 + b2 + c3), perim, firstprim) return t | t2 def pt2(maxperimeter=100): trips = pytrip((3,4,5), maxperimeter, 1) return trips def printit(maxperimeter=100, pt=pt1): trips = pt(maxperimeter) print(" Up to a perimeter of %i there are %i triples, of which %i are primitive" % (maxperimeter, len(trips), len([prim for a,b,c,prim in trips if prim]))) for algo, mn, mx in ((pt1, 250, 2500), (pt2, 500, 20000)): print(algo.__doc__) for maxperimeter in range(mn, mx+1, mn): printit(maxperimeter, algo)
Maintain the same structure and functionality when rewriting this code in Python.
module RetainUniqueValues { @Inject Console console; void run() { Int[] array = [1, 2, 3, 2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 3, 2, 1]; array = array.distinct().toArray(); console.print($"result={array}"); } }
items = [1, 2, 3, 'a', 'b', 'c', 2, 3, 4, 'b', 'c', 'd'] unique = list(set(items))
Preserve the algorithm and functionality while converting the code from Java to Python.
module RetainUniqueValues { @Inject Console console; void run() { Int[] array = [1, 2, 3, 2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 3, 2, 1]; array = array.distinct().toArray(); console.print($"result={array}"); } }
items = [1, 2, 3, 'a', 'b', 'c', 2, 3, 4, 'b', 'c', 'd'] unique = list(set(items))
Write a version of this Java function in Python with identical behavior.
public static String lookandsay(String number){ StringBuilder result= new StringBuilder(); char repeat= number.charAt(0); number= number.substring(1) + " "; int times= 1; for(char actual: number.toCharArray()){ if(actual != repeat){ result.append(times + "" + repeat); times= 1; repeat= actual; }else{ times+= 1; } } return result.toString(); }
def lookandsay(number): result = "" repeat = number[0] number = number[1:]+" " times = 1 for actual in number: if actual != repeat: result += str(times)+repeat times = 1 repeat = actual else: times += 1 return result num = "1" for i in range(10): print num num = lookandsay(num)
Change the following Java code into Python without altering its purpose.
import java.util.Stack; public class StackTest { public static void main( final String[] args ) { final Stack<String> stack = new Stack<String>(); System.out.println( "New stack empty? " + stack.empty() ); stack.push( "There can be only one" ); System.out.println( "Pushed stack empty? " + stack.empty() ); System.out.println( "Popped single entry: " + stack.pop() ); stack.push( "First" ); stack.push( "Second" ); System.out.println( "Popped entry should be second: " + stack.pop() ); stack.pop(); stack.pop(); } }
from collections import deque stack = deque() stack.append(value) value = stack.pop() not stack
Preserve the algorithm and functionality while converting the code from Java to Python.
public class TotientFunction { public static void main(String[] args) { computePhi(); System.out.println("Compute and display phi for the first 25 integers."); System.out.printf("n Phi IsPrime%n"); for ( int n = 1 ; n <= 25 ; n++ ) { System.out.printf("%2d %2d %b%n", n, phi[n], (phi[n] == n-1)); } for ( int i = 2 ; i < 8 ; i++ ) { int max = (int) Math.pow(10, i); System.out.printf("The count of the primes up to %,10d = %d%n", max, countPrimes(1, max)); } } private static int countPrimes(int min, int max) { int count = 0; for ( int i = min ; i <= max ; i++ ) { if ( phi[i] == i-1 ) { count++; } } return count; } private static final int max = 10000000; private static final int[] phi = new int[max+1]; private static final void computePhi() { for ( int i = 1 ; i <= max ; i++ ) { phi[i] = i; } for ( int i = 2 ; i <= max ; i++ ) { if (phi[i] < i) continue; for ( int j = i ; j <= max ; j += i ) { phi[j] -= phi[j] / i; } } } }
from math import gcd def φ(n): return sum(1 for k in range(1, n + 1) if gcd(n, k) == 1) if __name__ == '__main__': def is_prime(n): return φ(n) == n - 1 for n in range(1, 26): print(f" φ({n}) == {φ(n)}{', is prime' if is_prime(n) else ''}") count = 0 for n in range(1, 10_000 + 1): count += is_prime(n) if n in {100, 1000, 10_000}: print(f"Primes up to {n}: {count}")
Produce a functionally identical Python code for the snippet given in Java.
if (s == 'Hello World') { foo(); } else if (s == 'Bye World') { bar(); } else { deusEx(); }
if x == 0: foo() elif x == 1: bar() elif x == 2: baz() else: qux() match x: 0 => foo() 1 => bar() 2 => baz() _ => qux() (a) ? b : c
Convert this Java block to Python, preserving its control flow and logic.
if (s == 'Hello World') { foo(); } else if (s == 'Bye World') { bar(); } else { deusEx(); }
if x == 0: foo() elif x == 1: bar() elif x == 2: baz() else: qux() match x: 0 => foo() 1 => bar() 2 => baz() _ => qux() (a) ? b : c
Rewrite the snippet below in Python so it works the same as the original Java code.
import java.util.Vector; import java.util.regex.Matcher; import java.util.regex.Pattern; public class Fractran{ public static void main(String []args){ new Fractran("17/91 78/85 19/51 23/38 29/33 77/29 95/23 77/19 1/17 11/13 13/11 15/14 15/2 55/1", 2); } final int limit = 15; Vector<Integer> num = new Vector<>(); Vector<Integer> den = new Vector<>(); public Fractran(String prog, Integer val){ compile(prog); dump(); exec(2); } void compile(String prog){ Pattern regexp = Pattern.compile("\\s*(\\d*)\\s*\\/\\s*(\\d*)\\s*(.*)"); Matcher matcher = regexp.matcher(prog); while(matcher.find()){ num.add(Integer.parseInt(matcher.group(1))); den.add(Integer.parseInt(matcher.group(2))); matcher = regexp.matcher(matcher.group(3)); } } void exec(Integer val){ int n = 0; while(val != null && n<limit){ System.out.println(n+": "+val); val = step(val); n++; } } Integer step(int val){ int i=0; while(i<den.size() && val%den.get(i) != 0) i++; if(i<den.size()) return num.get(i)*val/den.get(i); return null; } void dump(){ for(int i=0; i<den.size(); i++) System.out.print(num.get(i)+"/"+den.get(i)+" "); System.out.println(); } }
from fractions import Fraction def fractran(n, fstring='17 / 91, 78 / 85, 19 / 51, 23 / 38, 29 / 33,' '77 / 29, 95 / 23, 77 / 19, 1 / 17, 11 / 13,' '13 / 11, 15 / 14, 15 / 2, 55 / 1'): flist = [Fraction(f) for f in fstring.replace(' ', '').split(',')] n = Fraction(n) while True: yield n.numerator for f in flist: if (n * f).denominator == 1: break else: break n *= f if __name__ == '__main__': n, m = 2, 15 print('First %i members of fractran(%i):\n ' % (m, n) + ', '.join(str(f) for f,i in zip(fractran(n), range(m))))
Convert this Java snippet to Python and keep its semantics consistent.
import java.util.Arrays; public class Stooge { public static void main(String[] args) { int[] nums = {1, 4, 5, 3, -6, 3, 7, 10, -2, -5}; stoogeSort(nums); System.out.println(Arrays.toString(nums)); } public static void stoogeSort(int[] L) { stoogeSort(L, 0, L.length - 1); } public static void stoogeSort(int[] L, int i, int j) { if (L[j] < L[i]) { int tmp = L[i]; L[i] = L[j]; L[j] = tmp; } if (j - i > 1) { int t = (j - i + 1) / 3; stoogeSort(L, i, j - t); stoogeSort(L, i + t, j); stoogeSort(L, i, j - t); } } }
>>> data = [1, 4, 5, 3, -6, 3, 7, 10, -2, -5, 7, 5, 9, -3, 7] >>> def stoogesort(L, i=0, j=None): if j is None: j = len(L) - 1 if L[j] < L[i]: L[i], L[j] = L[j], L[i] if j - i > 1: t = (j - i + 1) // 3 stoogesort(L, i , j-t) stoogesort(L, i+t, j ) stoogesort(L, i , j-t) return L >>> stoogesort(data) [-6, -5, -3, -2, 1, 3, 3, 4, 5, 5, 7, 7, 7, 9, 10]
Rewrite the snippet below in Python so it works the same as the original Java code.
import java.util.Arrays; public class Stooge { public static void main(String[] args) { int[] nums = {1, 4, 5, 3, -6, 3, 7, 10, -2, -5}; stoogeSort(nums); System.out.println(Arrays.toString(nums)); } public static void stoogeSort(int[] L) { stoogeSort(L, 0, L.length - 1); } public static void stoogeSort(int[] L, int i, int j) { if (L[j] < L[i]) { int tmp = L[i]; L[i] = L[j]; L[j] = tmp; } if (j - i > 1) { int t = (j - i + 1) / 3; stoogeSort(L, i, j - t); stoogeSort(L, i + t, j); stoogeSort(L, i, j - t); } } }
>>> data = [1, 4, 5, 3, -6, 3, 7, 10, -2, -5, 7, 5, 9, -3, 7] >>> def stoogesort(L, i=0, j=None): if j is None: j = len(L) - 1 if L[j] < L[i]: L[i], L[j] = L[j], L[i] if j - i > 1: t = (j - i + 1) // 3 stoogesort(L, i , j-t) stoogesort(L, i+t, j ) stoogesort(L, i , j-t) return L >>> stoogesort(data) [-6, -5, -3, -2, 1, 3, 3, 4, 5, 5, 7, 7, 7, 9, 10]
Preserve the algorithm and functionality while converting the code from Java to Python.
import java.util.Random; import java.util.List; import java.util.ArrayList; public class GaltonBox { public static void main( final String[] args ) { new GaltonBox( 8, 200 ).run(); } private final int m_pinRows; private final int m_startRow; private final Position[] m_balls; private final Random m_random = new Random(); public GaltonBox( final int pinRows, final int ballCount ) { m_pinRows = pinRows; m_startRow = pinRows + 1; m_balls = new Position[ ballCount ]; for ( int ball = 0; ball < ballCount; ball++ ) m_balls[ ball ] = new Position( m_startRow, 0, 'o' ); } private static class Position { int m_row; int m_col; char m_char; Position( final int row, final int col, final char ch ) { m_row = row; m_col = col; m_char = ch; } } public void run() { for ( int ballsInPlay = m_balls.length; ballsInPlay > 0; ) { ballsInPlay = dropBalls(); print(); } } private int dropBalls() { int ballsInPlay = 0; int ballToStart = -1; for ( int ball = 0; ball < m_balls.length; ball++ ) if ( m_balls[ ball ].m_row == m_startRow ) ballToStart = ball; for ( int ball = 0; ball < m_balls.length; ball++ ) if ( ball == ballToStart ) { m_balls[ ball ].m_row = m_pinRows; ballsInPlay++; } else if ( m_balls[ ball ].m_row > 0 && m_balls[ ball ].m_row != m_startRow ) { m_balls[ ball ].m_row -= 1; m_balls[ ball ].m_col += m_random.nextInt( 2 ); if ( 0 != m_balls[ ball ].m_row ) ballsInPlay++; } return ballsInPlay; } private void print() { for ( int row = m_startRow; row --> 1; ) { for ( int ball = 0; ball < m_balls.length; ball++ ) if ( m_balls[ ball ].m_row == row ) printBall( m_balls[ ball ] ); System.out.println(); printPins( row ); } printCollectors(); System.out.println(); } private static void printBall( final Position pos ) { for ( int col = pos.m_row + 1; col --> 0; ) System.out.print( ' ' ); for ( int col = 0; col < pos.m_col; col++ ) System.out.print( " " ); System.out.print( pos.m_char ); } private void printPins( final int row ) { for ( int col = row + 1; col --> 0; ) System.out.print( ' ' ); for ( int col = m_startRow - row; col --> 0; ) System.out.print( ". " ); System.out.println(); } private void printCollectors() { final List<List<Position>> collectors = new ArrayList<List<Position>>(); for ( int col = 0; col < m_startRow; col++ ) { final List<Position> collector = new ArrayList<Position>(); collectors.add( collector ); for ( int ball = 0; ball < m_balls.length; ball++ ) if ( m_balls[ ball ].m_row == 0 && m_balls[ ball ].m_col == col ) collector.add( m_balls[ ball ] ); } for ( int row = 0, rows = longest( collectors ); row < rows; row++ ) { for ( int col = 0; col < m_startRow; col++ ) { final List<Position> collector = collectors.get( col ); final int pos = row + collector.size() - rows; System.out.print( '|' ); if ( pos >= 0 ) System.out.print( collector.get( pos ).m_char ); else System.out.print( ' ' ); } System.out.println( '|' ); } } private static final int longest( final List<List<Position>> collectors ) { int result = 0; for ( final List<Position> collector : collectors ) result = Math.max( collector.size(), result ); return result; } }
import sys, os import random import time def print_there(x, y, text): sys.stdout.write("\x1b7\x1b[%d;%df%s\x1b8" % (x, y, text)) sys.stdout.flush() class Ball(): def __init__(self): self.x = 0 self.y = 0 def update(self): self.x += random.randint(0,1) self.y += 1 def fall(self): self.y +=1 class Board(): def __init__(self, width, well_depth, N): self.balls = [] self.fallen = [0] * (width + 1) self.width = width self.well_depth = well_depth self.N = N self.shift = 4 def update(self): for ball in self.balls: if ball.y < self.width: ball.update() elif ball.y < self.width + self.well_depth - self.fallen[ball.x]: ball.fall() elif ball.y == self.width + self.well_depth - self.fallen[ball.x]: self.fallen[ball.x] += 1 else: pass def balls_on_board(self): return len(self.balls) - sum(self.fallen) def add_ball(self): if(len(self.balls) <= self.N): self.balls.append(Ball()) def print_board(self): for y in range(self.width + 1): for x in range(y): print_there( y + 1 ,self.width - y + 2*x + self.shift + 1, " def print_ball(self, ball): if ball.y <= self.width: x = self.width - ball.y + 2*ball.x + self.shift else: x = 2*ball.x + self.shift y = ball.y + 1 print_there(y, x, "*") def print_all(self): print(chr(27) + "[2J") self.print_board(); for ball in self.balls: self.print_ball(ball) def main(): board = Board(width = 15, well_depth = 5, N = 10) board.add_ball() while(board.balls_on_board() > 0): board.print_all() time.sleep(0.25) board.update() board.print_all() time.sleep(0.25) board.update() board.add_ball() if __name__=="__main__": main()
Can you help me rewrite this code in Python instead of Java, keeping it the same logically?
import java.util.Arrays; public class CircleSort { public static void main(String[] args) { circleSort(new int[]{2, 14, 4, 6, 8, 1, 3, 5, 7, 11, 0, 13, 12, -1}); } public static void circleSort(int[] arr) { if (arr.length > 0) do { System.out.println(Arrays.toString(arr)); } while (circleSortR(arr, 0, arr.length - 1, 0) != 0); } private static int circleSortR(int[] arr, int lo, int hi, int numSwaps) { if (lo == hi) return numSwaps; int high = hi; int low = lo; int mid = (hi - lo) / 2; while (lo < hi) { if (arr[lo] > arr[hi]) { swap(arr, lo, hi); numSwaps++; } lo++; hi--; } if (lo == hi && arr[lo] > arr[hi + 1]) { swap(arr, lo, hi + 1); numSwaps++; } numSwaps = circleSortR(arr, low, low + mid, numSwaps); numSwaps = circleSortR(arr, low + mid + 1, high, numSwaps); return numSwaps; } private static void swap(int[] arr, int idx1, int idx2) { int tmp = arr[idx1]; arr[idx1] = arr[idx2]; arr[idx2] = tmp; } }
def circle_sort_backend(A:list, L:int, R:int)->'sort A in place, returning the number of swaps': n = R-L if n < 2: return 0 swaps = 0 m = n//2 for i in range(m): if A[R-(i+1)] < A[L+i]: (A[R-(i+1)], A[L+i],) = (A[L+i], A[R-(i+1)],) swaps += 1 if (n & 1) and (A[L+m] < A[L+m-1]): (A[L+m-1], A[L+m],) = (A[L+m], A[L+m-1],) swaps += 1 return swaps + circle_sort_backend(A, L, L+m) + circle_sort_backend(A, L+m, R) def circle_sort(L:list)->'sort A in place, returning the number of swaps': swaps = 0 s = 1 while s: s = circle_sort_backend(L, 0, len(L)) swaps += s return swaps if __name__ == '__main__': from random import shuffle for i in range(309): L = list(range(i)) M = L[:] shuffle(L) N = L[:] circle_sort(L) if L != M: print(len(L)) print(N) print(L)
Produce a language-to-language conversion: from Java to Python, same semantics.
package kronecker; public class ProductFractals { public static int[][] product(final int[][] a, final int[][] b) { final int[][] c = new int[a.length*b.length][]; for (int ix = 0; ix < c.length; ix++) { final int num_cols = a[0].length*b[0].length; c[ix] = new int[num_cols]; } for (int ia = 0; ia < a.length; ia++) { for (int ja = 0; ja < a[ia].length; ja++) { for (int ib = 0; ib < b.length; ib++) { for (int jb = 0; jb < b[ib].length; jb++) { c[b.length*ia+ib][b[ib].length*ja+jb] = a[ia][ja] * b[ib][jb]; } } } } return c; } public static void show_matrix(final int[][] m, final char nz, final char z) { for (int im = 0; im < m.length; im++) { for (int jm = 0; jm < m[im].length; jm++) { System.out.print(m[im][jm] == 0 ? z : nz); } System.out.println(); } } public static int[][] power(final int[][] m, final int n) { int[][] m_pow = m; for (int ix = 1; ix < n; ix++) { m_pow = product(m, m_pow); } return m_pow; } private static void test(final int[][] m, final int n) { System.out.println("Test matrix"); show_matrix(m, '*', ' '); final int[][] m_pow = power(m, n); System.out.println("Matrix power " + n); show_matrix(m_pow, '*', ' '); } private static void test1() { final int[][] m = {{0, 1, 0}, {1, 1, 1}, {0, 1, 0}}; test(m, 4); } private static void test2() { final int[][] m = {{1, 1, 1}, {1, 0, 1}, {1, 1, 1}}; test(m, 4); } private static void test3() { final int[][] m = {{1, 0, 1}, {1, 0, 1}, {0, 1, 0}}; test(m, 4); } public static void main(final String[] args) { test1(); test2(); test3(); } }
import os from PIL import Image def imgsave(path, arr): w, h = len(arr), len(arr[0]) img = Image.new('1', (w, h)) for x in range(w): for y in range(h): img.putpixel((x, y), arr[x][y]) img.save(path) def get_shape(mat): return len(mat), len(mat[0]) def kron(matrix1, matrix2): final_list = [] count = len(matrix2) for elem1 in matrix1: for i in range(count): sub_list = [] for num1 in elem1: for num2 in matrix2[i]: sub_list.append(num1 * num2) final_list.append(sub_list) return final_list def kronpow(mat): matrix = mat while True: yield matrix matrix = kron(mat, matrix) def fractal(name, mat, order=6): path = os.path.join('fractals', name) os.makedirs(path, exist_ok=True) fgen = kronpow(mat) print(name) for i in range(order): p = os.path.join(path, f'{i}.jpg') print('Calculating n =', i, end='\t', flush=True) mat = next(fgen) imgsave(p, mat) x, y = get_shape(mat) print('Saved as', x, 'x', y, 'image', p) test1 = [ [0, 1, 0], [1, 1, 1], [0, 1, 0] ] test2 = [ [1, 1, 1], [1, 0, 1], [1, 1, 1] ] test3 = [ [1, 0, 1], [0, 1, 0], [1, 0, 1] ] fractal('test1', test1) fractal('test2', test2) fractal('test3', test3)
Port the provided Java code into Python while preserving the original functionality.
import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.FileReader; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; import java.util.regex.Matcher; import java.util.regex.Pattern; public class ConfigReader { private static final Pattern LINE_PATTERN = Pattern.compile( "([^ =]+)[ =]?(.*)" ); private static final Map<String, Object> DEFAULTS = new HashMap<String, Object>() {{ put( "needspeeling", false ); put( "seedsremoved", false ); }}; public static void main( final String[] args ) { System.out.println( parseFile( args[ 0 ] ) ); } public static Map<String, Object> parseFile( final String fileName ) { final Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<String, Object>( DEFAULTS ); BufferedReader reader = null; try { reader = new BufferedReader( new FileReader( fileName ) ); for ( String line; null != ( line = reader.readLine() ); ) { parseLine( line, result ); } } catch ( final IOException x ) { throw new RuntimeException( "Oops: " + x, x ); } finally { if ( null != reader ) try { reader.close(); } catch ( final IOException x2 ) { System.err.println( "Could not close " + fileName + " - " + x2 ); } } return result; } private static void parseLine( final String line, final Map<String, Object> map ) { if ( "".equals( line.trim() ) || line.startsWith( "#" ) || line.startsWith( ";" ) ) return; final Matcher matcher = LINE_PATTERN.matcher( line ); if ( ! matcher.matches() ) { System.err.println( "Bad config line: " + line ); return; } final String key = matcher.group( 1 ).trim().toLowerCase(); final String value = matcher.group( 2 ).trim(); if ( "".equals( value ) ) { map.put( key, true ); } else if ( -1 == value.indexOf( ',' ) ) { map.put( key, value ); } else { final String[] values = value.split( "," ); for ( int i = 0; i < values.length; i++ ) { values[ i ] = values[ i ].trim(); } map.put( key, Arrays.asList( values ) ); } } }
def readconf(fn): ret = {} with file(fn) as fp: for line in fp: line = line.strip() if not line or line.startswith(' boolval = True if line.startswith(';'): line = line.lstrip(';') if len(line.split()) != 1: continue boolval = False bits = line.split(None, 1) if len(bits) == 1: k = bits[0] v = boolval else: k, v = bits ret[k.lower()] = v return ret if __name__ == '__main__': import sys conf = readconf(sys.argv[1]) for k, v in sorted(conf.items()): print k, '=', v
Change the following Java code into Python without altering its purpose.
import java.util.Comparator; import java.util.Arrays; public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) { String[] strings = {"Here", "are", "some", "sample", "strings", "to", "be", "sorted"}; Arrays.sort(strings, new Comparator<String>() { public int compare(String s1, String s2) { int c = s2.length() - s1.length(); if (c == 0) c = s1.compareToIgnoreCase(s2); return c; } }); for (String s: strings) System.out.print(s + " "); } }
strings = "here are Some sample strings to be sorted".split() def mykey(x): return -len(x), x.upper() print sorted(strings, key=mykey)
Write the same algorithm in Python as shown in this Java implementation.
import java.util.Comparator; import java.util.Arrays; public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) { String[] strings = {"Here", "are", "some", "sample", "strings", "to", "be", "sorted"}; Arrays.sort(strings, new Comparator<String>() { public int compare(String s1, String s2) { int c = s2.length() - s1.length(); if (c == 0) c = s1.compareToIgnoreCase(s2); return c; } }); for (String s: strings) System.out.print(s + " "); } }
strings = "here are Some sample strings to be sorted".split() def mykey(x): return -len(x), x.upper() print sorted(strings, key=mykey)
Port the following code from Java to Python with equivalent syntax and logic.
import java.math.BigInteger; import java.util.Arrays; public class CircularPrimes { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("First 19 circular primes:"); int p = 2; for (int count = 0; count < 19; ++p) { if (isCircularPrime(p)) { if (count > 0) System.out.print(", "); System.out.print(p); ++count; } } System.out.println(); System.out.println("Next 4 circular primes:"); int repunit = 1, digits = 1; for (; repunit < p; ++digits) repunit = 10 * repunit + 1; BigInteger bignum = BigInteger.valueOf(repunit); for (int count = 0; count < 4; ) { if (bignum.isProbablePrime(15)) { if (count > 0) System.out.print(", "); System.out.printf("R(%d)", digits); ++count; } ++digits; bignum = bignum.multiply(BigInteger.TEN); bignum = bignum.add(BigInteger.ONE); } System.out.println(); testRepunit(5003); testRepunit(9887); testRepunit(15073); testRepunit(25031); } private static boolean isPrime(int n) { if (n < 2) return false; if (n % 2 == 0) return n == 2; if (n % 3 == 0) return n == 3; for (int p = 5; p * p <= n; p += 4) { if (n % p == 0) return false; p += 2; if (n % p == 0) return false; } return true; } private static int cycle(int n) { int m = n, p = 1; while (m >= 10) { p *= 10; m /= 10; } return m + 10 * (n % p); } private static boolean isCircularPrime(int p) { if (!isPrime(p)) return false; int p2 = cycle(p); while (p2 != p) { if (p2 < p || !isPrime(p2)) return false; p2 = cycle(p2); } return true; } private static void testRepunit(int digits) { BigInteger repunit = repunit(digits); if (repunit.isProbablePrime(15)) System.out.printf("R(%d) is probably prime.\n", digits); else System.out.printf("R(%d) is not prime.\n", digits); } private static BigInteger repunit(int digits) { char[] ch = new char[digits]; Arrays.fill(ch, '1'); return new BigInteger(new String(ch)); } }
import random def is_Prime(n): if n!=int(n): return False n=int(n) if n==0 or n==1 or n==4 or n==6 or n==8 or n==9: return False if n==2 or n==3 or n==5 or n==7: return True s = 0 d = n-1 while d%2==0: d>>=1 s+=1 assert(2**s * d == n-1) def trial_composite(a): if pow(a, d, n) == 1: return False for i in range(s): if pow(a, 2**i * d, n) == n-1: return False return True for i in range(8): a = random.randrange(2, n) if trial_composite(a): return False return True def isPrime(n: int) -> bool: if (n <= 1) : return False if (n <= 3) : return True if (n % 2 == 0 or n % 3 == 0) : return False i = 5 while(i * i <= n) : if (n % i == 0 or n % (i + 2) == 0) : return False i = i + 6 return True def rotations(n: int)-> set((int,)): a = str(n) return set(int(a[i:] + a[:i]) for i in range(len(a))) def isCircular(n: int) -> bool: return all(isPrime(int(o)) for o in rotations(n)) from itertools import product def main(): result = [2, 3, 5, 7] first = '137' latter = '1379' for i in range(1, 6): s = set(int(''.join(a)) for a in product(first, *((latter,) * i))) while s: a = s.pop() b = rotations(a) if isCircular(a): result.append(min(b)) s -= b result.sort() return result assert [2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 37, 79, 113, 197, 199, 337, 1193, 3779, 11939, 19937, 193939, 199933] == main() repunit = lambda n: int('1' * n) def repmain(n: int) -> list: result = [] i = 2 while len(result) < n: if is_Prime(repunit(i)): result.append(i) i += 1 return result assert [2, 19, 23, 317, 1031] == repmain(5)
Translate the given Java code snippet into Python without altering its behavior.
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter; import java.awt.event.MouseEvent; import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter; import java.awt.event.WindowEvent; import java.util.Timer; import java.util.TimerTask; import javax.swing.JFrame; import javax.swing.JLabel; import javax.swing.WindowConstants; public class Rotate { private static class State { private final String text = "Hello World! "; private int startIndex = 0; private boolean rotateRight = true; } public static void main(String[] args) { State state = new State(); JLabel label = new JLabel(state.text); label.addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter() { @Override public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent event) { state.rotateRight = !state.rotateRight; } }); TimerTask task = new TimerTask() { public void run() { int delta = state.rotateRight ? 1 : -1; state.startIndex = (state.startIndex + state.text.length() + delta) % state.text.length(); label.setText(rotate(state.text, state.startIndex)); } }; Timer timer = new Timer(false); timer.schedule(task, 0, 500); JFrame rot = new JFrame(); rot.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE); rot.add(label); rot.pack(); rot.setLocationRelativeTo(null); rot.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() { @Override public void windowClosed(WindowEvent e) { timer.cancel(); } }); rot.setVisible(true); } private static String rotate(String text, int startIdx) { char[] rotated = new char[text.length()]; for (int i = 0; i < text.length(); i++) { rotated[i] = text.charAt((i + startIdx) % text.length()); } return String.valueOf(rotated); } }
txt = "Hello, world! " left = True def draw(): global txt background(128) text(txt, 10, height / 2) if frameCount % 10 == 0: if (left): txt = rotate(txt, 1) else: txt = rotate(txt, -1) println(txt) def mouseReleased(): global left left = not left def rotate(text, startIdx): rotated = text[startIdx:] + text[:startIdx] return rotated
Convert this Java snippet to Python and keep its semantics consistent.
public static int[] sort(int[] old) { for (int shift = Integer.SIZE - 1; shift > -1; shift--) { int[] tmp = new int[old.length]; int j = 0; for (int i = 0; i < old.length; i++) { boolean move = old[i] << shift >= 0; if (shift == 0 ? !move : move) { tmp[j] = old[i]; j++; } else { old[i - j] = old[i]; } } for (int i = j; i < tmp.length; i++) { tmp[i] = old[i - j]; } old = tmp; } return old; }
from math import log def getDigit(num, base, digit_num): return (num // base ** digit_num) % base def makeBlanks(size): return [ [] for i in range(size) ] def split(a_list, base, digit_num): buckets = makeBlanks(base) for num in a_list: buckets[getDigit(num, base, digit_num)].append(num) return buckets def merge(a_list): new_list = [] for sublist in a_list: new_list.extend(sublist) return new_list def maxAbs(a_list): return max(abs(num) for num in a_list) def split_by_sign(a_list): buckets = [[], []] for num in a_list: if num < 0: buckets[0].append(num) else: buckets[1].append(num) return buckets def radixSort(a_list, base): passes = int(round(log(maxAbs(a_list), base)) + 1) new_list = list(a_list) for digit_num in range(passes): new_list = merge(split(new_list, base, digit_num)) return merge(split_by_sign(new_list))
Write a version of this Java function in Python with identical behavior.
import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.List; import static java.util.function.Function.identity; import static java.util.stream.Collectors.toList; import static java.util.stream.IntStream.range; public interface PythagComp{ static void main(String... args){ System.out.println(run(20)); } static List<List<Integer>> run(int n){ return range(1, n).mapToObj( x -> range(x, n).mapToObj( y -> range(y, n).mapToObj( z -> new Integer[]{x, y, z} ) ) ) .flatMap(identity()) .flatMap(identity()) .filter(a -> a[0]*a[0] + a[1]*a[1] == a[2]*a[2]) .map(Arrays::asList) .collect(toList()) ; } }
[(x,y,z) for x in xrange(1,n+1) for y in xrange(x,n+1) for z in xrange(y,n+1) if x**2 + y**2 == z**2]
Change the programming language of this snippet from Java to Python without modifying what it does.
public static void sort(int[] nums){ for(int currentPlace = 0;currentPlace<nums.length-1;currentPlace++){ int smallest = Integer.MAX_VALUE; int smallestAt = currentPlace+1; for(int check = currentPlace; check<nums.length;check++){ if(nums[check]<smallest){ smallestAt = check; smallest = nums[check]; } } int temp = nums[currentPlace]; nums[currentPlace] = nums[smallestAt]; nums[smallestAt] = temp; } }
def selection_sort(lst): for i, e in enumerate(lst): mn = min(range(i,len(lst)), key=lst.__getitem__) lst[i], lst[mn] = lst[mn], e return lst
Please provide an equivalent version of this Java code in Python.
public class JacobiSymbol { public static void main(String[] args) { int max = 30; System.out.printf("n\\k "); for ( int k = 1 ; k <= max ; k++ ) { System.out.printf("%2d ", k); } System.out.printf("%n"); for ( int n = 1 ; n <= max ; n += 2 ) { System.out.printf("%2d ", n); for ( int k = 1 ; k <= max ; k++ ) { System.out.printf("%2d ", jacobiSymbol(k, n)); } System.out.printf("%n"); } } private static int jacobiSymbol(int k, int n) { if ( k < 0 || n % 2 == 0 ) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid value. k = " + k + ", n = " + n); } k %= n; int jacobi = 1; while ( k > 0 ) { while ( k % 2 == 0 ) { k /= 2; int r = n % 8; if ( r == 3 || r == 5 ) { jacobi = -jacobi; } } int temp = n; n = k; k = temp; if ( k % 4 == 3 && n % 4 == 3 ) { jacobi = -jacobi; } k %= n; } if ( n == 1 ) { return jacobi; } return 0; } }
def jacobi(a, n): if n <= 0: raise ValueError("'n' must be a positive integer.") if n % 2 == 0: raise ValueError("'n' must be odd.") a %= n result = 1 while a != 0: while a % 2 == 0: a /= 2 n_mod_8 = n % 8 if n_mod_8 in (3, 5): result = -result a, n = n, a if a % 4 == 3 and n % 4 == 3: result = -result a %= n if n == 1: return result else: return 0
Convert this Java snippet to Python and keep its semantics consistent.
public class JacobiSymbol { public static void main(String[] args) { int max = 30; System.out.printf("n\\k "); for ( int k = 1 ; k <= max ; k++ ) { System.out.printf("%2d ", k); } System.out.printf("%n"); for ( int n = 1 ; n <= max ; n += 2 ) { System.out.printf("%2d ", n); for ( int k = 1 ; k <= max ; k++ ) { System.out.printf("%2d ", jacobiSymbol(k, n)); } System.out.printf("%n"); } } private static int jacobiSymbol(int k, int n) { if ( k < 0 || n % 2 == 0 ) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid value. k = " + k + ", n = " + n); } k %= n; int jacobi = 1; while ( k > 0 ) { while ( k % 2 == 0 ) { k /= 2; int r = n % 8; if ( r == 3 || r == 5 ) { jacobi = -jacobi; } } int temp = n; n = k; k = temp; if ( k % 4 == 3 && n % 4 == 3 ) { jacobi = -jacobi; } k %= n; } if ( n == 1 ) { return jacobi; } return 0; } }
def jacobi(a, n): if n <= 0: raise ValueError("'n' must be a positive integer.") if n % 2 == 0: raise ValueError("'n' must be odd.") a %= n result = 1 while a != 0: while a % 2 == 0: a /= 2 n_mod_8 = n % 8 if n_mod_8 in (3, 5): result = -result a, n = n, a if a % 4 == 3 and n % 4 == 3: result = -result a %= n if n == 1: return result else: return 0
Please provide an equivalent version of this Java code in Python.
import java.util.*; public class KdTree { private int dimensions_; private Node root_ = null; private Node best_ = null; private double bestDistance_ = 0; private int visited_ = 0; public KdTree(int dimensions, List<Node> nodes) { dimensions_ = dimensions; root_ = makeTree(nodes, 0, nodes.size(), 0); } public Node findNearest(Node target) { if (root_ == null) throw new IllegalStateException("Tree is empty!"); best_ = null; visited_ = 0; bestDistance_ = 0; nearest(root_, target, 0); return best_; } public int visited() { return visited_; } public double distance() { return Math.sqrt(bestDistance_); } private void nearest(Node root, Node target, int index) { if (root == null) return; ++visited_; double d = root.distance(target); if (best_ == null || d < bestDistance_) { bestDistance_ = d; best_ = root; } if (bestDistance_ == 0) return; double dx = root.get(index) - target.get(index); index = (index + 1) % dimensions_; nearest(dx > 0 ? root.left_ : root.right_, target, index); if (dx * dx >= bestDistance_) return; nearest(dx > 0 ? root.right_ : root.left_, target, index); } private Node makeTree(List<Node> nodes, int begin, int end, int index) { if (end <= begin) return null; int n = begin + (end - begin)/2; Node node = QuickSelect.select(nodes, begin, end - 1, n, new NodeComparator(index)); index = (index + 1) % dimensions_; node.left_ = makeTree(nodes, begin, n, index); node.right_ = makeTree(nodes, n + 1, end, index); return node; } private static class NodeComparator implements Comparator<Node> { private int index_; private NodeComparator(int index) { index_ = index; } public int compare(Node n1, Node n2) { return Double.compare(n1.get(index_), n2.get(index_)); } } public static class Node { private double[] coords_; private Node left_ = null; private Node right_ = null; public Node(double[] coords) { coords_ = coords; } public Node(double x, double y) { this(new double[]{x, y}); } public Node(double x, double y, double z) { this(new double[]{x, y, z}); } double get(int index) { return coords_[index]; } double distance(Node node) { double dist = 0; for (int i = 0; i < coords_.length; ++i) { double d = coords_[i] - node.coords_[i]; dist += d * d; } return dist; } public String toString() { StringBuilder s = new StringBuilder("("); for (int i = 0; i < coords_.length; ++i) { if (i > 0) s.append(", "); s.append(coords_[i]); } s.append(')'); return s.toString(); } } }
from random import seed, random from time import time from operator import itemgetter from collections import namedtuple from math import sqrt from copy import deepcopy def sqd(p1, p2): return sum((c1 - c2) ** 2 for c1, c2 in zip(p1, p2)) class KdNode(object): __slots__ = ("dom_elt", "split", "left", "right") def __init__(self, dom_elt, split, left, right): self.dom_elt = dom_elt self.split = split self.left = left self.right = right class Orthotope(object): __slots__ = ("min", "max") def __init__(self, mi, ma): self.min, self.max = mi, ma class KdTree(object): __slots__ = ("n", "bounds") def __init__(self, pts, bounds): def nk2(split, exset): if not exset: return None exset.sort(key=itemgetter(split)) m = len(exset) // 2 d = exset[m] while m + 1 < len(exset) and exset[m + 1][split] == d[split]: m += 1 d = exset[m] s2 = (split + 1) % len(d) return KdNode(d, split, nk2(s2, exset[:m]), nk2(s2, exset[m + 1:])) self.n = nk2(0, pts) self.bounds = bounds T3 = namedtuple("T3", "nearest dist_sqd nodes_visited") def find_nearest(k, t, p): def nn(kd, target, hr, max_dist_sqd): if kd is None: return T3([0.0] * k, float("inf"), 0) nodes_visited = 1 s = kd.split pivot = kd.dom_elt left_hr = deepcopy(hr) right_hr = deepcopy(hr) left_hr.max[s] = pivot[s] right_hr.min[s] = pivot[s] if target[s] <= pivot[s]: nearer_kd, nearer_hr = kd.left, left_hr further_kd, further_hr = kd.right, right_hr else: nearer_kd, nearer_hr = kd.right, right_hr further_kd, further_hr = kd.left, left_hr n1 = nn(nearer_kd, target, nearer_hr, max_dist_sqd) nearest = n1.nearest dist_sqd = n1.dist_sqd nodes_visited += n1.nodes_visited if dist_sqd < max_dist_sqd: max_dist_sqd = dist_sqd d = (pivot[s] - target[s]) ** 2 if d > max_dist_sqd: return T3(nearest, dist_sqd, nodes_visited) d = sqd(pivot, target) if d < dist_sqd: nearest = pivot dist_sqd = d max_dist_sqd = dist_sqd n2 = nn(further_kd, target, further_hr, max_dist_sqd) nodes_visited += n2.nodes_visited if n2.dist_sqd < dist_sqd: nearest = n2.nearest dist_sqd = n2.dist_sqd return T3(nearest, dist_sqd, nodes_visited) return nn(t.n, p, t.bounds, float("inf")) def show_nearest(k, heading, kd, p): print(heading + ":") print("Point: ", p) n = find_nearest(k, kd, p) print("Nearest neighbor:", n.nearest) print("Distance: ", sqrt(n.dist_sqd)) print("Nodes visited: ", n.nodes_visited, "\n") def random_point(k): return [random() for _ in range(k)] def random_points(k, n): return [random_point(k) for _ in range(n)] if __name__ == "__main__": seed(1) P = lambda *coords: list(coords) kd1 = KdTree([P(2, 3), P(5, 4), P(9, 6), P(4, 7), P(8, 1), P(7, 2)], Orthotope(P(0, 0), P(10, 10))) show_nearest(2, "Wikipedia example data", kd1, P(9, 2)) N = 400000 t0 = time() kd2 = KdTree(random_points(3, N), Orthotope(P(0, 0, 0), P(1, 1, 1))) t1 = time() text = lambda *parts: "".join(map(str, parts)) show_nearest(2, text("k-d tree with ", N, " random 3D points (generation time: ", t1-t0, "s)"), kd2, random_point(3))
Produce a language-to-language conversion: from Java to Python, same semantics.
import java.util.*; public class KdTree { private int dimensions_; private Node root_ = null; private Node best_ = null; private double bestDistance_ = 0; private int visited_ = 0; public KdTree(int dimensions, List<Node> nodes) { dimensions_ = dimensions; root_ = makeTree(nodes, 0, nodes.size(), 0); } public Node findNearest(Node target) { if (root_ == null) throw new IllegalStateException("Tree is empty!"); best_ = null; visited_ = 0; bestDistance_ = 0; nearest(root_, target, 0); return best_; } public int visited() { return visited_; } public double distance() { return Math.sqrt(bestDistance_); } private void nearest(Node root, Node target, int index) { if (root == null) return; ++visited_; double d = root.distance(target); if (best_ == null || d < bestDistance_) { bestDistance_ = d; best_ = root; } if (bestDistance_ == 0) return; double dx = root.get(index) - target.get(index); index = (index + 1) % dimensions_; nearest(dx > 0 ? root.left_ : root.right_, target, index); if (dx * dx >= bestDistance_) return; nearest(dx > 0 ? root.right_ : root.left_, target, index); } private Node makeTree(List<Node> nodes, int begin, int end, int index) { if (end <= begin) return null; int n = begin + (end - begin)/2; Node node = QuickSelect.select(nodes, begin, end - 1, n, new NodeComparator(index)); index = (index + 1) % dimensions_; node.left_ = makeTree(nodes, begin, n, index); node.right_ = makeTree(nodes, n + 1, end, index); return node; } private static class NodeComparator implements Comparator<Node> { private int index_; private NodeComparator(int index) { index_ = index; } public int compare(Node n1, Node n2) { return Double.compare(n1.get(index_), n2.get(index_)); } } public static class Node { private double[] coords_; private Node left_ = null; private Node right_ = null; public Node(double[] coords) { coords_ = coords; } public Node(double x, double y) { this(new double[]{x, y}); } public Node(double x, double y, double z) { this(new double[]{x, y, z}); } double get(int index) { return coords_[index]; } double distance(Node node) { double dist = 0; for (int i = 0; i < coords_.length; ++i) { double d = coords_[i] - node.coords_[i]; dist += d * d; } return dist; } public String toString() { StringBuilder s = new StringBuilder("("); for (int i = 0; i < coords_.length; ++i) { if (i > 0) s.append(", "); s.append(coords_[i]); } s.append(')'); return s.toString(); } } }
from random import seed, random from time import time from operator import itemgetter from collections import namedtuple from math import sqrt from copy import deepcopy def sqd(p1, p2): return sum((c1 - c2) ** 2 for c1, c2 in zip(p1, p2)) class KdNode(object): __slots__ = ("dom_elt", "split", "left", "right") def __init__(self, dom_elt, split, left, right): self.dom_elt = dom_elt self.split = split self.left = left self.right = right class Orthotope(object): __slots__ = ("min", "max") def __init__(self, mi, ma): self.min, self.max = mi, ma class KdTree(object): __slots__ = ("n", "bounds") def __init__(self, pts, bounds): def nk2(split, exset): if not exset: return None exset.sort(key=itemgetter(split)) m = len(exset) // 2 d = exset[m] while m + 1 < len(exset) and exset[m + 1][split] == d[split]: m += 1 d = exset[m] s2 = (split + 1) % len(d) return KdNode(d, split, nk2(s2, exset[:m]), nk2(s2, exset[m + 1:])) self.n = nk2(0, pts) self.bounds = bounds T3 = namedtuple("T3", "nearest dist_sqd nodes_visited") def find_nearest(k, t, p): def nn(kd, target, hr, max_dist_sqd): if kd is None: return T3([0.0] * k, float("inf"), 0) nodes_visited = 1 s = kd.split pivot = kd.dom_elt left_hr = deepcopy(hr) right_hr = deepcopy(hr) left_hr.max[s] = pivot[s] right_hr.min[s] = pivot[s] if target[s] <= pivot[s]: nearer_kd, nearer_hr = kd.left, left_hr further_kd, further_hr = kd.right, right_hr else: nearer_kd, nearer_hr = kd.right, right_hr further_kd, further_hr = kd.left, left_hr n1 = nn(nearer_kd, target, nearer_hr, max_dist_sqd) nearest = n1.nearest dist_sqd = n1.dist_sqd nodes_visited += n1.nodes_visited if dist_sqd < max_dist_sqd: max_dist_sqd = dist_sqd d = (pivot[s] - target[s]) ** 2 if d > max_dist_sqd: return T3(nearest, dist_sqd, nodes_visited) d = sqd(pivot, target) if d < dist_sqd: nearest = pivot dist_sqd = d max_dist_sqd = dist_sqd n2 = nn(further_kd, target, further_hr, max_dist_sqd) nodes_visited += n2.nodes_visited if n2.dist_sqd < dist_sqd: nearest = n2.nearest dist_sqd = n2.dist_sqd return T3(nearest, dist_sqd, nodes_visited) return nn(t.n, p, t.bounds, float("inf")) def show_nearest(k, heading, kd, p): print(heading + ":") print("Point: ", p) n = find_nearest(k, kd, p) print("Nearest neighbor:", n.nearest) print("Distance: ", sqrt(n.dist_sqd)) print("Nodes visited: ", n.nodes_visited, "\n") def random_point(k): return [random() for _ in range(k)] def random_points(k, n): return [random_point(k) for _ in range(n)] if __name__ == "__main__": seed(1) P = lambda *coords: list(coords) kd1 = KdTree([P(2, 3), P(5, 4), P(9, 6), P(4, 7), P(8, 1), P(7, 2)], Orthotope(P(0, 0), P(10, 10))) show_nearest(2, "Wikipedia example data", kd1, P(9, 2)) N = 400000 t0 = time() kd2 = KdTree(random_points(3, N), Orthotope(P(0, 0, 0), P(1, 1, 1))) t1 = time() text = lambda *parts: "".join(map(str, parts)) show_nearest(2, text("k-d tree with ", N, " random 3D points (generation time: ", t1-t0, "s)"), kd2, random_point(3))
Translate this program into Python but keep the logic exactly as in Java.
public class ArrayCallback7 { interface IntConsumer { void run(int x); } interface IntToInt { int run(int x); } static void forEach(int[] arr, IntConsumer consumer) { for (int i : arr) { consumer.run(i); } } static void update(int[] arr, IntToInt mapper) { for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) { arr[i] = mapper.run(arr[i]); } } public static void main(String[] args) { int[] numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}; forEach(numbers, new IntConsumer() { public void run(int x) { System.out.println(x); } }); update(numbers, new IntToInt() { @Override public int run(int x) { return x * x; } }); forEach(numbers, new IntConsumer() { public void run(int x) { System.out.println(x); } }); } }
def square(n): return n * n numbers = [1, 3, 5, 7] squares1 = [square(n) for n in numbers] squares2a = map(square, numbers) squares2b = map(lambda x: x*x, numbers) squares3 = [n * n for n in numbers] isquares1 = (n * n for n in numbers) import itertools isquares2 = itertools.imap(square, numbers)
Ensure the translated Python code behaves exactly like the original Java snippet.
class Singleton { private static Singleton myInstance; public static Singleton getInstance() { if (myInstance == null) { synchronized(Singleton.class) { if (myInstance == null) { myInstance = new Singleton(); } } } return myInstance; } protected Singleton() { } }
>>> class Borg(object): __state = {} def __init__(self): self.__dict__ = self.__state >>> b1 = Borg() >>> b2 = Borg() >>> b1 is b2 False >>> b1.datum = range(5) >>> b1.datum [0, 1, 2, 3, 4] >>> b2.datum [0, 1, 2, 3, 4] >>> b1.datum is b2.datum True >>>
Generate an equivalent Python version of this Java code.
public class SafeAddition { private static double stepDown(double d) { return Math.nextAfter(d, Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY); } private static double stepUp(double d) { return Math.nextUp(d); } private static double[] safeAdd(double a, double b) { return new double[]{stepDown(a + b), stepUp(a + b)}; } public static void main(String[] args) { double a = 1.2; double b = 0.03; double[] result = safeAdd(a, b); System.out.printf("(%.2f + %.2f) is in the range %.16f..%.16f", a, b, result[0], result[1]); } }
>>> sum([.1, .1, .1, .1, .1, .1, .1, .1, .1, .1]) 0.9999999999999999 >>> from math import fsum >>> fsum([.1, .1, .1, .1, .1, .1, .1, .1, .1, .1]) 1.0
Can you help me rewrite this code in Python instead of Java, keeping it the same logically?
String dog = "Benjamin"; String Dog = "Samba"; String DOG = "Bernie"; @Inject Console console; console.print($"There are three dogs named {dog}, {Dog}, and {DOG}");
>>> dog = 'Benjamin'; Dog = 'Samba'; DOG = 'Bernie' >>> print ('The three dogs are named ',dog,', ',Dog,', and ',DOG) The three dogs are named Benjamin , Samba , and Bernie >>>
Ensure the translated Python code behaves exactly like the original Java snippet.
for (int i = 10; i >= 0; i--) { System.out.println(i); }
for i in xrange(10, -1, -1): print i
Write the same code in Python as shown below in Java.
import java.io.*; public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { try (BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter("test.txt"))) { bw.write("abc"); } } }
with open(filename, 'w') as f: f.write(data)
Ensure the translated Python code behaves exactly like the original Java snippet.
for (Integer i = 0; i < 5; i++) { String line = ''; for (Integer j = 0; j < i; j++) { line += '*'; } System.debug(line); } List<String> lines = new List<String> { '*', '**', '***', '****', '*****' }; for (String line : lines) { System.debug(line); }
for i in 1..5: for j in 1..i: stdout.write("*") echo("")
Keep all operations the same but rewrite the snippet in Python.
import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; public class PalindromicGapfulNumbers { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("First 20 palindromic gapful numbers ending in:"); displayMap(getPalindromicGapfulEnding(20, 20)); System.out.printf("%nLast 15 of first 100 palindromic gapful numbers ending in:%n"); displayMap(getPalindromicGapfulEnding(15, 100)); System.out.printf("%nLast 10 of first 1000 palindromic gapful numbers ending in:%n"); displayMap(getPalindromicGapfulEnding(10, 1000)); } private static void displayMap(Map<Integer,List<Long>> map) { for ( int key = 1 ; key <= 9 ; key++ ) { System.out.println(key + " : " + map.get(key)); } } public static Map<Integer,List<Long>> getPalindromicGapfulEnding(int countReturned, int firstHowMany) { Map<Integer,List<Long>> map = new HashMap<>(); Map<Integer,Integer> mapCount = new HashMap<>(); for ( int i = 1 ; i <= 9 ; i++ ) { map.put(i, new ArrayList<>()); mapCount.put(i, 0); } boolean notPopulated = true; for ( long n = 101 ; notPopulated ; n = nextPalindrome(n) ) { if ( isGapful(n) ) { int index = (int) (n % 10); if ( mapCount.get(index) < firstHowMany ) { map.get(index).add(n); mapCount.put(index, mapCount.get(index) + 1); if ( map.get(index).size() > countReturned ) { map.get(index).remove(0); } } boolean finished = true; for ( int i = 1 ; i <= 9 ; i++ ) { if ( mapCount.get(i) < firstHowMany ) { finished = false; break; } } if ( finished ) { notPopulated = false; } } } return map; } public static boolean isGapful(long n) { String s = Long.toString(n); return n % Long.parseLong("" + s.charAt(0) + s.charAt(s.length()-1)) == 0; } public static int length(long n) { int length = 0; while ( n > 0 ) { length += 1; n /= 10; } return length; } public static long nextPalindrome(long n) { int length = length(n); if ( length % 2 == 0 ) { length /= 2; while ( length > 0 ) { n /= 10; length--; } n += 1; if ( powerTen(n) ) { return Long.parseLong(n + reverse(n/10)); } return Long.parseLong(n + reverse(n)); } length = (length - 1) / 2; while ( length > 0 ) { n /= 10; length--; } n += 1; if ( powerTen(n) ) { return Long.parseLong(n + reverse(n/100)); } return Long.parseLong(n + reverse(n/10)); } private static boolean powerTen(long n) { while ( n > 9 && n % 10 == 0 ) { n /= 10; } return n == 1; } private static String reverse(long n) { return (new StringBuilder(n + "")).reverse().toString(); } }
from itertools import count from pprint import pformat import re import heapq def pal_part_gen(odd=True): for i in count(1): fwd = str(i) rev = fwd[::-1][1:] if odd else fwd[::-1] yield int(fwd + rev) def pal_ordered_gen(): yield from heapq.merge(pal_part_gen(odd=True), pal_part_gen(odd=False)) def is_gapful(x): return (x % (int(str(x)[0]) * 10 + (x % 10)) == 0) if __name__ == '__main__': start = 100 for mx, last in [(20, 20), (100, 15), (1_000, 10)]: print(f"\nLast {last} of the first {mx} binned-by-last digit " f"gapful numbers >= {start}") bin = {i: [] for i in range(1, 10)} gen = (i for i in pal_ordered_gen() if i >= start and is_gapful(i)) while any(len(val) < mx for val in bin.values()): g = next(gen) val = bin[g % 10] if len(val) < mx: val.append(g) b = {k:v[-last:] for k, v in bin.items()} txt = pformat(b, width=220) print('', re.sub(r"[{},\[\]]", '', txt))
Preserve the algorithm and functionality while converting the code from Java to Python.
import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; public class PalindromicGapfulNumbers { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("First 20 palindromic gapful numbers ending in:"); displayMap(getPalindromicGapfulEnding(20, 20)); System.out.printf("%nLast 15 of first 100 palindromic gapful numbers ending in:%n"); displayMap(getPalindromicGapfulEnding(15, 100)); System.out.printf("%nLast 10 of first 1000 palindromic gapful numbers ending in:%n"); displayMap(getPalindromicGapfulEnding(10, 1000)); } private static void displayMap(Map<Integer,List<Long>> map) { for ( int key = 1 ; key <= 9 ; key++ ) { System.out.println(key + " : " + map.get(key)); } } public static Map<Integer,List<Long>> getPalindromicGapfulEnding(int countReturned, int firstHowMany) { Map<Integer,List<Long>> map = new HashMap<>(); Map<Integer,Integer> mapCount = new HashMap<>(); for ( int i = 1 ; i <= 9 ; i++ ) { map.put(i, new ArrayList<>()); mapCount.put(i, 0); } boolean notPopulated = true; for ( long n = 101 ; notPopulated ; n = nextPalindrome(n) ) { if ( isGapful(n) ) { int index = (int) (n % 10); if ( mapCount.get(index) < firstHowMany ) { map.get(index).add(n); mapCount.put(index, mapCount.get(index) + 1); if ( map.get(index).size() > countReturned ) { map.get(index).remove(0); } } boolean finished = true; for ( int i = 1 ; i <= 9 ; i++ ) { if ( mapCount.get(i) < firstHowMany ) { finished = false; break; } } if ( finished ) { notPopulated = false; } } } return map; } public static boolean isGapful(long n) { String s = Long.toString(n); return n % Long.parseLong("" + s.charAt(0) + s.charAt(s.length()-1)) == 0; } public static int length(long n) { int length = 0; while ( n > 0 ) { length += 1; n /= 10; } return length; } public static long nextPalindrome(long n) { int length = length(n); if ( length % 2 == 0 ) { length /= 2; while ( length > 0 ) { n /= 10; length--; } n += 1; if ( powerTen(n) ) { return Long.parseLong(n + reverse(n/10)); } return Long.parseLong(n + reverse(n)); } length = (length - 1) / 2; while ( length > 0 ) { n /= 10; length--; } n += 1; if ( powerTen(n) ) { return Long.parseLong(n + reverse(n/100)); } return Long.parseLong(n + reverse(n/10)); } private static boolean powerTen(long n) { while ( n > 9 && n % 10 == 0 ) { n /= 10; } return n == 1; } private static String reverse(long n) { return (new StringBuilder(n + "")).reverse().toString(); } }
from itertools import count from pprint import pformat import re import heapq def pal_part_gen(odd=True): for i in count(1): fwd = str(i) rev = fwd[::-1][1:] if odd else fwd[::-1] yield int(fwd + rev) def pal_ordered_gen(): yield from heapq.merge(pal_part_gen(odd=True), pal_part_gen(odd=False)) def is_gapful(x): return (x % (int(str(x)[0]) * 10 + (x % 10)) == 0) if __name__ == '__main__': start = 100 for mx, last in [(20, 20), (100, 15), (1_000, 10)]: print(f"\nLast {last} of the first {mx} binned-by-last digit " f"gapful numbers >= {start}") bin = {i: [] for i in range(1, 10)} gen = (i for i in pal_ordered_gen() if i >= start and is_gapful(i)) while any(len(val) < mx for val in bin.values()): g = next(gen) val = bin[g % 10] if len(val) < mx: val.append(g) b = {k:v[-last:] for k, v in bin.items()} txt = pformat(b, width=220) print('', re.sub(r"[{},\[\]]", '', txt))
Write the same algorithm in Python as shown in this Java implementation.
import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.*; class SierpinskyTriangle { public static void main(String[] args) { int i = 3; if(args.length >= 1) { try { i = Integer.parseInt(args[0]); } catch(NumberFormatException e) { System.out.println("Usage: 'java SierpinskyTriangle [level]'\nNow setting level to "+i); } } final int level = i; JFrame frame = new JFrame("Sierpinsky Triangle - Java"); frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); JPanel panel = new JPanel() { @Override public void paintComponent(Graphics g) { g.setColor(Color.BLACK); drawSierpinskyTriangle(level, 20, 20, 360, (Graphics2D)g); } }; panel.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(400, 400)); frame.add(panel); frame.pack(); frame.setResizable(false); frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null); frame.setVisible(true); } private static void drawSierpinskyTriangle(int level, int x, int y, int size, Graphics2D g) { if(level <= 0) return; g.drawLine(x, y, x+size, y); g.drawLine(x, y, x, y+size); g.drawLine(x+size, y, x, y+size); drawSierpinskyTriangle(level-1, x, y, size/2, g); drawSierpinskyTriangle(level-1, x+size/2, y, size/2, g); drawSierpinskyTriangle(level-1, x, y+size/2, size/2, g); } }
import turtle as t def sier(n,length): if n == 0: return for i in range(3): sier(n - 1, length / 2) t.fd(length) t.rt(120)
Generate a Python translation of this Java snippet without changing its computational steps.
import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.*; class SierpinskyTriangle { public static void main(String[] args) { int i = 3; if(args.length >= 1) { try { i = Integer.parseInt(args[0]); } catch(NumberFormatException e) { System.out.println("Usage: 'java SierpinskyTriangle [level]'\nNow setting level to "+i); } } final int level = i; JFrame frame = new JFrame("Sierpinsky Triangle - Java"); frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); JPanel panel = new JPanel() { @Override public void paintComponent(Graphics g) { g.setColor(Color.BLACK); drawSierpinskyTriangle(level, 20, 20, 360, (Graphics2D)g); } }; panel.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(400, 400)); frame.add(panel); frame.pack(); frame.setResizable(false); frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null); frame.setVisible(true); } private static void drawSierpinskyTriangle(int level, int x, int y, int size, Graphics2D g) { if(level <= 0) return; g.drawLine(x, y, x+size, y); g.drawLine(x, y, x, y+size); g.drawLine(x+size, y, x, y+size); drawSierpinskyTriangle(level-1, x, y, size/2, g); drawSierpinskyTriangle(level-1, x+size/2, y, size/2, g); drawSierpinskyTriangle(level-1, x, y+size/2, size/2, g); } }
import turtle as t def sier(n,length): if n == 0: return for i in range(3): sier(n - 1, length / 2) t.fd(length) t.rt(120)
Preserve the algorithm and functionality while converting the code from Java to Python.
public class NonContinuousSubsequences { public static void main(String args[]) { seqR("1234", "", 0, 0); } private static void seqR(String s, String c, int i, int added) { if (i == s.length()) { if (c.trim().length() > added) System.out.println(c); } else { seqR(s, c + s.charAt(i), i + 1, added + 1); seqR(s, c + ' ', i + 1, added); } } }
def ncsub(seq, s=0): if seq: x = seq[:1] xs = seq[1:] p2 = s % 2 p1 = not p2 return [x + ys for ys in ncsub(xs, s + p1)] + ncsub(xs, s + p2) else: return [[]] if s >= 3 else []
Can you help me rewrite this code in Python instead of Java, keeping it the same logically?
import java.awt.*; import javax.swing.*; public class FibonacciWordFractal extends JPanel { String wordFractal; FibonacciWordFractal(int n) { setPreferredSize(new Dimension(450, 620)); setBackground(Color.white); wordFractal = wordFractal(n); } public String wordFractal(int n) { if (n < 2) return n == 1 ? "1" : ""; StringBuilder f1 = new StringBuilder("1"); StringBuilder f2 = new StringBuilder("0"); for (n = n - 2; n > 0; n--) { String tmp = f2.toString(); f2.append(f1); f1.setLength(0); f1.append(tmp); } return f2.toString(); } void drawWordFractal(Graphics2D g, int x, int y, int dx, int dy) { for (int n = 0; n < wordFractal.length(); n++) { g.drawLine(x, y, x + dx, y + dy); x += dx; y += dy; if (wordFractal.charAt(n) == '0') { int tx = dx; dx = (n % 2 == 0) ? -dy : dy; dy = (n % 2 == 0) ? tx : -tx; } } } @Override public void paintComponent(Graphics gg) { super.paintComponent(gg); Graphics2D g = (Graphics2D) gg; g.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON); drawWordFractal(g, 20, 20, 1, 0); } public static void main(String[] args) { SwingUtilities.invokeLater(() -> { JFrame f = new JFrame(); f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); f.setTitle("Fibonacci Word Fractal"); f.setResizable(false); f.add(new FibonacciWordFractal(23), BorderLayout.CENTER); f.pack(); f.setLocationRelativeTo(null); f.setVisible(true); }); } }
from functools import wraps from turtle import * def memoize(obj): cache = obj.cache = {} @wraps(obj) def memoizer(*args, **kwargs): key = str(args) + str(kwargs) if key not in cache: cache[key] = obj(*args, **kwargs) return cache[key] return memoizer @memoize def fibonacci_word(n): assert n > 0 if n == 1: return "1" if n == 2: return "0" return fibonacci_word(n - 1) + fibonacci_word(n - 2) def draw_fractal(word, step): for i, c in enumerate(word, 1): forward(step) if c == "0": if i % 2 == 0: left(90) else: right(90) def main(): n = 25 step = 1 width = 1050 height = 1050 w = fibonacci_word(n) setup(width=width, height=height) speed(0) setheading(90) left(90) penup() forward(500) right(90) backward(500) pendown() tracer(10000) hideturtle() draw_fractal(w, step) getscreen().getcanvas().postscript(file="fibonacci_word_fractal.eps") exitonclick() if __name__ == '__main__': main()
Rewrite the snippet below in Python so it works the same as the original Java code.
import java.math.BigInteger; import java.util.Scanner; public class twinPrimes { public static void main(String[] args) { Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in); System.out.println("Search Size: "); BigInteger max = input.nextBigInteger(); int counter = 0; for(BigInteger x = new BigInteger("3"); x.compareTo(max) <= 0; x = x.add(BigInteger.ONE)){ BigInteger sqrtNum = x.sqrt().add(BigInteger.ONE); if(x.add(BigInteger.TWO).compareTo(max) <= 0) { counter += findPrime(x.add(BigInteger.TWO), x.add(BigInteger.TWO).sqrt().add(BigInteger.ONE)) && findPrime(x, sqrtNum) ? 1 : 0; } } System.out.println(counter + " twin prime pairs."); } public static boolean findPrime(BigInteger x, BigInteger sqrtNum){ for(BigInteger divisor = BigInteger.TWO; divisor.compareTo(sqrtNum) <= 0; divisor = divisor.add(BigInteger.ONE)){ if(x.remainder(divisor).compareTo(BigInteger.ZERO) == 0){ return false; } } return true; } }
primes = [2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19] def count_twin_primes(limit: int) -> int: global primes if limit > primes[-1]: ram_limit = primes[-1] + 90000000 - len(primes) reasonable_limit = min(limit, primes[-1] ** 2, ram_limit) - 1 while reasonable_limit < limit: ram_limit = primes[-1] + 90000000 - len(primes) if ram_limit > primes[-1]: reasonable_limit = min(limit, primes[-1] ** 2, ram_limit) else: reasonable_limit = min(limit, primes[-1] ** 2) sieve = list({x for prime in primes for x in range(primes[-1] + prime - (primes[-1] % prime), reasonable_limit, prime)}) primes += [x - 1 for i, x in enumerate(sieve) if i and x - 1 != sieve[i - 1] and x - 1 < limit] count = len([(x, y) for (x, y) in zip(primes, primes[1:]) if x + 2 == y]) return count def test(limit: int): count = count_twin_primes(limit) print(f"Number of twin prime pairs less than {limit} is {count}\n") test(10) test(100) test(1000) test(10000) test(100000) test(1000000) test(10000000) test(100000000)
Convert this Java snippet to Python and keep its semantics consistent.
import java.util.Locale; public class Test { public static void main(String[] a) { for (int n = 2; n < 6; n++) unity(n); } public static void unity(int n) { System.out.printf("%n%d: ", n); for (double angle = 0; angle < 2 * Math.PI; angle += (2 * Math.PI) / n) { double real = Math.cos(angle); if (Math.abs(real) < 1.0E-3) real = 0.0; double imag = Math.sin(angle); if (Math.abs(imag) < 1.0E-3) imag = 0.0; System.out.printf(Locale.US, "(%9f,%9f) ", real, imag); } } }
import cmath class Complex(complex): def __repr__(self): rp = '%7.5f' % self.real if not self.pureImag() else '' ip = '%7.5fj' % self.imag if not self.pureReal() else '' conj = '' if ( self.pureImag() or self.pureReal() or self.imag < 0.0 ) else '+' return '0.0' if ( self.pureImag() and self.pureReal() ) else rp + conj + ip def pureImag(self): return abs(self.real) < 0.000005 def pureReal(self): return abs(self.imag) < 0.000005 def croots(n): if n <= 0: return None return (Complex(cmath.rect(1, 2 * k * cmath.pi / n)) for k in range(n)) for nr in range(2, 11): print(nr, list(croots(nr)))
Keep all operations the same but rewrite the snippet in Python.
public class LongMult { private static byte[] stringToDigits(String num) { byte[] result = new byte[num.length()]; for (int i = 0; i < num.length(); i++) { char c = num.charAt(i); if (c < '0' || c > '9') { throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid digit " + c + " found at position " + i); } result[num.length() - 1 - i] = (byte) (c - '0'); } return result; } public static String longMult(String num1, String num2) { byte[] left = stringToDigits(num1); byte[] right = stringToDigits(num2); byte[] result = new byte[left.length + right.length]; for (int rightPos = 0; rightPos < right.length; rightPos++) { byte rightDigit = right[rightPos]; byte temp = 0; for (int leftPos = 0; leftPos < left.length; leftPos++) { temp += result[leftPos + rightPos]; temp += rightDigit * left[leftPos]; result[leftPos + rightPos] = (byte) (temp % 10); temp /= 10; } int destPos = rightPos + left.length; while (temp != 0) { temp += result[destPos] & 0xFFFFFFFFL; result[destPos] = (byte) (temp % 10); temp /= 10; destPos++; } } StringBuilder stringResultBuilder = new StringBuilder(result.length); for (int i = result.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) { byte digit = result[i]; if (digit != 0 || stringResultBuilder.length() > 0) { stringResultBuilder.append((char) (digit + '0')); } } return stringResultBuilder.toString(); } public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println(longMult("18446744073709551616", "18446744073709551616")); } }
print 2**64*2**64
Generate an equivalent Python version of this Java code.
import java.math.BigInteger; import java.text.NumberFormat; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; public class PellsEquation { public static void main(String[] args) { NumberFormat format = NumberFormat.getInstance(); for ( int n : new int[] {61, 109, 181, 277, 8941} ) { BigInteger[] pell = pellsEquation(n); System.out.printf("x^2 - %3d * y^2 = 1 for:%n x = %s%n y = %s%n%n", n, format.format(pell[0]), format.format(pell[1])); } } private static final BigInteger[] pellsEquation(int n) { int a0 = (int) Math.sqrt(n); if ( a0*a0 == n ) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("ERROR 102: Invalid n = " + n); } List<Integer> continuedFrac = continuedFraction(n); int count = 0; BigInteger ajm2 = BigInteger.ONE; BigInteger ajm1 = new BigInteger(a0 + ""); BigInteger bjm2 = BigInteger.ZERO; BigInteger bjm1 = BigInteger.ONE; boolean stop = (continuedFrac.size() % 2 == 1); if ( continuedFrac.size() == 2 ) { stop = true; } while ( true ) { count++; BigInteger bn = new BigInteger(continuedFrac.get(count) + ""); BigInteger aj = bn.multiply(ajm1).add(ajm2); BigInteger bj = bn.multiply(bjm1).add(bjm2); if ( stop && (count == continuedFrac.size()-2 || continuedFrac.size() == 2) ) { return new BigInteger[] {aj, bj}; } else if (continuedFrac.size() % 2 == 0 && count == continuedFrac.size()-2 ) { stop = true; } if ( count == continuedFrac.size()-1 ) { count = 0; } ajm2 = ajm1; ajm1 = aj; bjm2 = bjm1; bjm1 = bj; } } private static final List<Integer> continuedFraction(int n) { List<Integer> answer = new ArrayList<Integer>(); int a0 = (int) Math.sqrt(n); answer.add(a0); int a = -a0; int aStart = a; int b = 1; int bStart = b; while ( true ) { int[] values = iterateFrac(n, a, b); answer.add(values[0]); a = values[1]; b = values[2]; if (a == aStart && b == bStart) break; } return answer; } private static final int[] iterateFrac(int n, int a, int b) { int x = (int) Math.floor((b * Math.sqrt(n) - b * a)/(n - a * a)); int[] answer = new int[3]; answer[0] = x; answer[1] = -(b * a + x *(n - a * a)) / b; answer[2] = (n - a * a) / b; return answer; } }
import math def solvePell(n): x = int(math.sqrt(n)) y, z, r = x, 1, x << 1 e1, e2 = 1, 0 f1, f2 = 0, 1 while True: y = r * z - y z = (n - y * y) // z r = (x + y) // z e1, e2 = e2, e1 + e2 * r f1, f2 = f2, f1 + f2 * r a, b = f2 * x + e2, f2 if a * a - n * b * b == 1: return a, b for n in [61, 109, 181, 277]: x, y = solvePell(n) print("x^2 - %3d * y^2 = 1 for x = %27d and y = %25d" % (n, x, y))
Convert the following code from Java to Python, ensuring the logic remains intact.
import java.util.InputMismatchException; import java.util.Random; import java.util.Scanner; public class BullsAndCows{ public static void main(String[] args){ Random gen= new Random(); int target; while(hasDupes(target= (gen.nextInt(9000) + 1000))); String targetStr = target +""; boolean guessed = false; Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in); int guesses = 0; do{ int bulls = 0; int cows = 0; System.out.print("Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: "); int guess; try{ guess = input.nextInt(); if(hasDupes(guess) || guess < 1000) continue; }catch(InputMismatchException e){ continue; } guesses++; String guessStr = guess + ""; for(int i= 0;i < 4;i++){ if(guessStr.charAt(i) == targetStr.charAt(i)){ bulls++; }else if(targetStr.contains(guessStr.charAt(i)+"")){ cows++; } } if(bulls == 4){ guessed = true; }else{ System.out.println(cows+" Cows and "+bulls+" Bulls."); } }while(!guessed); System.out.println("You won after "+guesses+" guesses!"); } public static boolean hasDupes(int num){ boolean[] digs = new boolean[10]; while(num > 0){ if(digs[num%10]) return true; digs[num%10] = true; num/= 10; } return false; } }
import random digits = '123456789' size = 4 chosen = ''.join(random.sample(digits,size)) print % (size, size) guesses = 0 while True: guesses += 1 while True: guess = raw_input('\nNext guess [%i]: ' % guesses).strip() if len(guess) == size and \ all(char in digits for char in guess) \ and len(set(guess)) == size: break print "Problem, try again. You need to enter %i unique digits from 1 to 9" % size if guess == chosen: print '\nCongratulations you guessed correctly in',guesses,'attempts' break bulls = cows = 0 for i in range(size): if guess[i] == chosen[i]: bulls += 1 elif guess[i] in chosen: cows += 1 print ' %i Bulls\n %i Cows' % (bulls, cows)
Produce a functionally identical Python code for the snippet given in Java.
public static <E extends Comparable<? super E>> void bubbleSort(E[] comparable) { boolean changed = false; do { changed = false; for (int a = 0; a < comparable.length - 1; a++) { if (comparable[a].compareTo(comparable[a + 1]) > 0) { E tmp = comparable[a]; comparable[a] = comparable[a + 1]; comparable[a + 1] = tmp; changed = true; } } } while (changed); }
def bubble_sort(seq): changed = True while changed: changed = False for i in range(len(seq) - 1): if seq[i] > seq[i+1]: seq[i], seq[i+1] = seq[i+1], seq[i] changed = True return seq if __name__ == "__main__": from random import shuffle testset = [_ for _ in range(100)] testcase = testset.copy() shuffle(testcase) assert testcase != testset bubble_sort(testcase) assert testcase == testset
Translate the given Java code snippet into Python without altering its behavior.
public class ProductOfDivisors { private static long divisorCount(long n) { long total = 1; for (; (n & 1) == 0; n >>= 1) { ++total; } for (long p = 3; p * p <= n; p += 2) { long count = 1; for (; n % p == 0; n /= p) { ++count; } total *= count; } if (n > 1) { total *= 2; } return total; } private static long divisorProduct(long n) { return (long) Math.pow(n, divisorCount(n) / 2.0); } public static void main(String[] args) { final long limit = 50; System.out.printf("Product of divisors for the first %d positive integers:%n", limit); for (long n = 1; n <= limit; n++) { System.out.printf("%11d", divisorProduct(n)); if (n % 5 == 0) { System.out.println(); } } } }
def product_of_divisors(n): assert(isinstance(n, int) and 0 < n) ans = i = j = 1 while i*i <= n: if 0 == n%i: ans *= i j = n//i if j != i: ans *= j i += 1 return ans if __name__ == "__main__": print([product_of_divisors(n) for n in range(1,51)])
Can you help me rewrite this code in Python instead of Java, keeping it the same logically?
public class ProductOfDivisors { private static long divisorCount(long n) { long total = 1; for (; (n & 1) == 0; n >>= 1) { ++total; } for (long p = 3; p * p <= n; p += 2) { long count = 1; for (; n % p == 0; n /= p) { ++count; } total *= count; } if (n > 1) { total *= 2; } return total; } private static long divisorProduct(long n) { return (long) Math.pow(n, divisorCount(n) / 2.0); } public static void main(String[] args) { final long limit = 50; System.out.printf("Product of divisors for the first %d positive integers:%n", limit); for (long n = 1; n <= limit; n++) { System.out.printf("%11d", divisorProduct(n)); if (n % 5 == 0) { System.out.println(); } } } }
def product_of_divisors(n): assert(isinstance(n, int) and 0 < n) ans = i = j = 1 while i*i <= n: if 0 == n%i: ans *= i j = n//i if j != i: ans *= j i += 1 return ans if __name__ == "__main__": print([product_of_divisors(n) for n in range(1,51)])
Keep all operations the same but rewrite the snippet in Python.
public class ProductOfDivisors { private static long divisorCount(long n) { long total = 1; for (; (n & 1) == 0; n >>= 1) { ++total; } for (long p = 3; p * p <= n; p += 2) { long count = 1; for (; n % p == 0; n /= p) { ++count; } total *= count; } if (n > 1) { total *= 2; } return total; } private static long divisorProduct(long n) { return (long) Math.pow(n, divisorCount(n) / 2.0); } public static void main(String[] args) { final long limit = 50; System.out.printf("Product of divisors for the first %d positive integers:%n", limit); for (long n = 1; n <= limit; n++) { System.out.printf("%11d", divisorProduct(n)); if (n % 5 == 0) { System.out.println(); } } } }
def product_of_divisors(n): assert(isinstance(n, int) and 0 < n) ans = i = j = 1 while i*i <= n: if 0 == n%i: ans *= i j = n//i if j != i: ans *= j i += 1 return ans if __name__ == "__main__": print([product_of_divisors(n) for n in range(1,51)])
Transform the following Java implementation into Python, maintaining the same output and logic.
import java.io.*; public class FileIODemo { public static void main(String[] args) { try { FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream("input.txt"); FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("ouput.txt"); int c; while ((c = in.read()) != -1) { out.write(c); } } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e){ e.printStackTrace(); } } }
import shutil shutil.copyfile('input.txt', 'output.txt')
Translate the given Java code snippet into Python without altering its behavior.
import java.util.Scanner; public class IntegerArithmetic { public static void main(String[] args) { Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in); int a = sc.nextInt(); int b = sc.nextInt(); int sum = a + b; int difference = a - b; int product = a * b; int division = a / b; int remainder = a % b; System.out.println("a + b = " + sum); System.out.println("a - b = " + difference); System.out.println("a * b = " + product); System.out.println("quotient of a / b = " + division); System.out.println("remainder of a / b = " + remainder); } }
x = int(raw_input("Number 1: ")) y = int(raw_input("Number 2: ")) print "Sum: %d" % (x + y) print "Difference: %d" % (x - y) print "Product: %d" % (x * y) print "Quotient: %d" % (x / y) print "Remainder: %d" % (x % y) print "Quotient: %d with Remainder: %d" % divmod(x, y) print "Power: %d" % x**y raw_input( )
Convert the following code from Java to Python, ensuring the logic remains intact.
import java.util.Arrays; public class Transpose{ public static void main(String[] args){ double[][] m = {{1, 1, 1, 1}, {2, 4, 8, 16}, {3, 9, 27, 81}, {4, 16, 64, 256}, {5, 25, 125, 625}}; double[][] ans = new double[m[0].length][m.length]; for(int rows = 0; rows < m.length; rows++){ for(int cols = 0; cols < m[0].length; cols++){ ans[cols][rows] = m[rows][cols]; } } for(double[] i:ans){ System.out.println(Arrays.toString(i)); } } }
m=((1, 1, 1, 1), (2, 4, 8, 16), (3, 9, 27, 81), (4, 16, 64, 256), (5, 25,125, 625)) print(zip(*m))
Write the same code in Python as shown below in Java.
import java.util.function.DoubleSupplier; public class ManOrBoy { static double A(int k, DoubleSupplier x1, DoubleSupplier x2, DoubleSupplier x3, DoubleSupplier x4, DoubleSupplier x5) { DoubleSupplier B = new DoubleSupplier() { int m = k; public double getAsDouble() { return A(--m, this, x1, x2, x3, x4); } }; return k <= 0 ? x4.getAsDouble() + x5.getAsDouble() : B.getAsDouble(); } public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println(A(10, () -> 1.0, () -> -1.0, () -> -1.0, () -> 1.0, () -> 0.0)); } }
import sys sys.setrecursionlimit(1025) def a(in_k, x1, x2, x3, x4, x5): k = [in_k] def b(): k[0] -= 1 return a(k[0], b, x1, x2, x3, x4) return x4() + x5() if k[0] <= 0 else b() x = lambda i: lambda: i print(a(10, x(1), x(-1), x(-1), x(1), x(0)))
Change the programming language of this snippet from Java to Python without modifying what it does.
module test { @Inject Console console; static Boolean show(String name, Boolean value) { console.print($"{name}()={value}"); return value; } void run() { val a = show("a", _); val b = show("b", _); for (Boolean v1 : False..True) { for (Boolean v2 : False..True) { console.print($"a({v1}) && b({v2}) == {a(v1) && b(v2)}"); console.print(); console.print($"a({v1}) || b({v2}) == {a(v1) || b(v2)}"); console.print(); } } } }
>>> def a(answer): print(" return answer >>> def b(answer): print(" return answer >>> for i in (False, True): for j in (False, True): print ("\nCalculating: x = a(i) and b(j)") x = a(i) and b(j) print ("Calculating: y = a(i) or b(j)") y = a(i) or b(j) Calculating: x = a(i) and b(j) Calculating: y = a(i) or b(j) Calculating: x = a(i) and b(j) Calculating: y = a(i) or b(j) Calculating: x = a(i) and b(j) Calculating: y = a(i) or b(j) Calculating: x = a(i) and b(j) Calculating: y = a(i) or b(j)
Change the following Java code into Python without altering its purpose.
module test { @Inject Console console; static Boolean show(String name, Boolean value) { console.print($"{name}()={value}"); return value; } void run() { val a = show("a", _); val b = show("b", _); for (Boolean v1 : False..True) { for (Boolean v2 : False..True) { console.print($"a({v1}) && b({v2}) == {a(v1) && b(v2)}"); console.print(); console.print($"a({v1}) || b({v2}) == {a(v1) || b(v2)}"); console.print(); } } } }
>>> def a(answer): print(" return answer >>> def b(answer): print(" return answer >>> for i in (False, True): for j in (False, True): print ("\nCalculating: x = a(i) and b(j)") x = a(i) and b(j) print ("Calculating: y = a(i) or b(j)") y = a(i) or b(j) Calculating: x = a(i) and b(j) Calculating: y = a(i) or b(j) Calculating: x = a(i) and b(j) Calculating: y = a(i) or b(j) Calculating: x = a(i) and b(j) Calculating: y = a(i) or b(j) Calculating: x = a(i) and b(j) Calculating: y = a(i) or b(j)
Write a version of this Java function in Python with identical behavior.
public class RecursionTest { private static void recurse(int i) { try { recurse(i+1); } catch (StackOverflowError e) { System.out.print("Recursion depth on this system is " + i + "."); } } public static void main(String[] args) { recurse(0); } }
import sys print(sys.getrecursionlimit())
Produce a functionally identical Python code for the snippet given in Java.
public class RecursionTest { private static void recurse(int i) { try { recurse(i+1); } catch (StackOverflowError e) { System.out.print("Recursion depth on this system is " + i + "."); } } public static void main(String[] args) { recurse(0); } }
import sys print(sys.getrecursionlimit())
Please provide an equivalent version of this Java code in Python.
public class Test { static int mod(int n, int m) { return ((n % m) + m) % m; } static boolean isPrime(int n) { if (n == 2 || n == 3) return true; else if (n < 2 || n % 2 == 0 || n % 3 == 0) return false; for (int div = 5, inc = 2; Math.pow(div, 2) <= n; div += inc, inc = 6 - inc) if (n % div == 0) return false; return true; } public static void main(String[] args) { for (int p = 2; p < 62; p++) { if (!isPrime(p)) continue; for (int h3 = 2; h3 < p; h3++) { int g = h3 + p; for (int d = 1; d < g; d++) { if ((g * (p - 1)) % d != 0 || mod(-p * p, h3) != d % h3) continue; int q = 1 + (p - 1) * g / d; if (!isPrime(q)) continue; int r = 1 + (p * q / h3); if (!isPrime(r) || (q * r) % (p - 1) != 1) continue; System.out.printf("%d x %d x %d%n", p, q, r); } } } } }
class Isprime(): multiples = {2} primes = [2] nmax = 2 def __init__(self, nmax): if nmax > self.nmax: self.check(nmax) def check(self, n): if type(n) == float: if not n.is_integer(): return False n = int(n) multiples = self.multiples if n <= self.nmax: return n not in multiples else: primes, nmax = self.primes, self.nmax newmax = max(nmax*2, n) for p in primes: multiples.update(range(p*((nmax + p + 1) // p), newmax+1, p)) for i in range(nmax+1, newmax+1): if i not in multiples: primes.append(i) multiples.update(range(i*2, newmax+1, i)) self.nmax = newmax return n not in multiples __call__ = check def carmichael(p1): ans = [] if isprime(p1): for h3 in range(2, p1): g = h3 + p1 for d in range(1, g): if (g * (p1 - 1)) % d == 0 and (-p1 * p1) % h3 == d % h3: p2 = 1 + ((p1 - 1)* g // d) if isprime(p2): p3 = 1 + (p1 * p2 // h3) if isprime(p3): if (p2 * p3) % (p1 - 1) == 1: ans += [tuple(sorted((p1, p2, p3)))] return ans isprime = Isprime(2) ans = sorted(sum((carmichael(n) for n in range(62) if isprime(n)), [])) print(',\n'.join(repr(ans[i:i+5])[1:-1] for i in range(0, len(ans)+1, 5)))
Rewrite the snippet below in Python so it works the same as the original Java code.
import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import java.awt.image.*; import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.Random; import javax.swing.*; public class ImageNoise { int framecount = 0; int fps = 0; BufferedImage image; Kernel kernel; ConvolveOp cop; JFrame frame = new JFrame("Java Image Noise"); JPanel panel = new JPanel() { private int show_fps = 0; private MouseAdapter ma = new MouseAdapter() { @Override public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) { show_fps = (show_fps + 1) % 3; } }; {addMouseListener(ma);} @Override public Dimension getPreferredSize() { return new Dimension(320, 240); } @Override @SuppressWarnings("fallthrough") public void paintComponent(Graphics g1) { Graphics2D g = (Graphics2D) g1; drawNoise(); g.drawImage(image, 0, 0, null); switch (show_fps) { case 0: int xblur = getWidth() - 130, yblur = getHeight() - 32; BufferedImage bc = image.getSubimage(xblur, yblur, 115, 32); BufferedImage bs = new BufferedImage(bc.getWidth(), bc.getHeight(), BufferedImage.TYPE_BYTE_GRAY); cop.filter(bc, bs); g.drawImage(bs, xblur, yblur , null); case 1: g.setColor(Color.RED); g.setFont(new Font("Monospaced", Font.BOLD, 20)); g.drawString("FPS: " + fps, getWidth() - 120, getHeight() - 10); } framecount++; } }; Timer repainter = new Timer(1, new ActionListener() { @Override public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { panel.repaint(); } }); Timer framerateChecker = new Timer(1000, new ActionListener() { @Override public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { fps = framecount; framecount = 0; } }); public ImageNoise() { float[] vals = new float[121]; Arrays.fill(vals, 1/121f); kernel = new Kernel(11, 11, vals); cop = new ConvolveOp(kernel, ConvolveOp.EDGE_NO_OP, null); frame.add(panel); frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frame.pack(); frame.setVisible(true); repainter.start(); framerateChecker.start(); } void drawNoise() { int w = panel.getWidth(), h = panel.getHeight(); if (null == image || image.getWidth() != w || image.getHeight() != h) { image = new BufferedImage(w, h, BufferedImage.TYPE_BYTE_GRAY); } Random rand = new Random(); int[] data = new int[w * h]; for (int x = 0; x < w * h / 32; x++) { int r = rand.nextInt(); for (int i = 0; i < 32; i++) { data[x * 32 + i] = (r & 1) * Integer.MAX_VALUE; r >>>= 1; } } image.getRaster().setPixels(0, 0, w, h, data); } public static void main(String[] args) { SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { ImageNoise i = new ImageNoise(); } }); } }
black = color(0) white = color(255) def setup(): size(320, 240) def draw(): loadPixels() for i in range(len(pixels)): if random(1) < 0.5: pixels[i] = black else: pixels[i] = white updatePixels() fill(0, 128) rect(0, 0, 60, 20) fill(255) text(frameRate, 5, 15)
Port the provided Java code into Python while preserving the original functionality.
public static boolean perf(int n){ int sum= 0; for(int i= 1;i < n;i++){ if(n % i == 0){ sum+= i; } } return sum == n; }
def perf1(n): sum = 0 for i in range(1, n): if n % i == 0: sum += i return sum == n
Generate a Python translation of this Java snippet without changing its computational steps.
public class BeadSort { public static void main(String[] args) { BeadSort now=new BeadSort(); int[] arr=new int[(int)(Math.random()*11)+5]; for(int i=0;i<arr.length;i++) arr[i]=(int)(Math.random()*10); System.out.print("Unsorted: "); now.display1D(arr); int[] sort=now.beadSort(arr); System.out.print("Sorted: "); now.display1D(sort); } int[] beadSort(int[] arr) { int max=a[0]; for(int i=1;i<arr.length;i++) if(arr[i]>max) max=arr[i]; char[][] grid=new char[arr.length][max]; int[] levelcount=new int[max]; for(int i=0;i<max;i++) { levelcount[i]=0; for(int j=0;j<arr.length;j++) grid[j][i]='_'; } for(int i=0;i<arr.length;i++) { int num=arr[i]; for(int j=0;num>0;j++) { grid[levelcount[j]++][j]='*'; num--; } } System.out.println(); display2D(grid); int[] sorted=new int[arr.length]; for(int i=0;i<arr.length;i++) { int putt=0; for(int j=0;j<max&&grid[arr.length-1-i][j]=='*';j++) putt++; sorted[i]=putt; } return sorted; } void display1D(int[] arr) { for(int i=0;i<arr.length;i++) System.out.print(arr[i]+" "); System.out.println(); } void display1D(char[] arr) { for(int i=0;i<arr.length;i++) System.out.print(arr[i]+" "); System.out.println(); } void display2D(char[][] arr) { for(int i=0;i<arr.length;i++) display1D(arr[i]); System.out.println(); } }
from itertools import zip_longest def beadsort(l): return list(map(sum, zip_longest(*[[1] * e for e in l], fillvalue=0))) print(beadsort([5,3,1,7,4,1,1]))
Port the following code from Java to Python with equivalent syntax and logic.
import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.List; public class Cistercian { private static final int SIZE = 15; private final char[][] canvas = new char[SIZE][SIZE]; public Cistercian(int n) { initN(); draw(n); } public void initN() { for (var row : canvas) { Arrays.fill(row, ' '); row[5] = 'x'; } } private void horizontal(int c1, int c2, int r) { for (int c = c1; c <= c2; c++) { canvas[r][c] = 'x'; } } private void vertical(int r1, int r2, int c) { for (int r = r1; r <= r2; r++) { canvas[r][c] = 'x'; } } private void diagd(int c1, int c2, int r) { for (int c = c1; c <= c2; c++) { canvas[r + c - c1][c] = 'x'; } } private void diagu(int c1, int c2, int r) { for (int c = c1; c <= c2; c++) { canvas[r - c + c1][c] = 'x'; } } private void draw(int v) { var thousands = v / 1000; v %= 1000; var hundreds = v / 100; v %= 100; var tens = v / 10; var ones = v % 10; drawPart(1000 * thousands); drawPart(100 * hundreds); drawPart(10 * tens); drawPart(ones); } private void drawPart(int v) { switch (v) { case 1: horizontal(6, 10, 0); break; case 2: horizontal(6, 10, 4); break; case 3: diagd(6, 10, 0); break; case 4: diagu(6, 10, 4); break; case 5: drawPart(1); drawPart(4); break; case 6: vertical(0, 4, 10); break; case 7: drawPart(1); drawPart(6); break; case 8: drawPart(2); drawPart(6); break; case 9: drawPart(1); drawPart(8); break; case 10: horizontal(0, 4, 0); break; case 20: horizontal(0, 4, 4); break; case 30: diagu(0, 4, 4); break; case 40: diagd(0, 4, 0); break; case 50: drawPart(10); drawPart(40); break; case 60: vertical(0, 4, 0); break; case 70: drawPart(10); drawPart(60); break; case 80: drawPart(20); drawPart(60); break; case 90: drawPart(10); drawPart(80); break; case 100: horizontal(6, 10, 14); break; case 200: horizontal(6, 10, 10); break; case 300: diagu(6, 10, 14); break; case 400: diagd(6, 10, 10); break; case 500: drawPart(100); drawPart(400); break; case 600: vertical(10, 14, 10); break; case 700: drawPart(100); drawPart(600); break; case 800: drawPart(200); drawPart(600); break; case 900: drawPart(100); drawPart(800); break; case 1000: horizontal(0, 4, 14); break; case 2000: horizontal(0, 4, 10); break; case 3000: diagd(0, 4, 10); break; case 4000: diagu(0, 4, 14); break; case 5000: drawPart(1000); drawPart(4000); break; case 6000: vertical(10, 14, 0); break; case 7000: drawPart(1000); drawPart(6000); break; case 8000: drawPart(2000); drawPart(6000); break; case 9000: drawPart(1000); drawPart(8000); break; } } @Override public String toString() { StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(); for (var row : canvas) { builder.append(row); builder.append('\n'); } return builder.toString(); } public static void main(String[] args) { for (int number : List.of(0, 1, 20, 300, 4000, 5555, 6789, 9999)) { System.out.printf("%d:\n", number); var c = new Cistercian(number); System.out.println(c); } } }
def _init(): "digit sections for forming numbers" digi_bits = .strip() lines = [[d.replace('.', ' ') for d in ln.strip().split()] for ln in digi_bits.strip().split('\n') if ' formats = '<2 >2 <2 >2'.split() digits = [[f"{dig:{f}}" for dig in line] for f, line in zip(formats, lines)] return digits _digits = _init() def _to_digits(n): assert 0 <= n < 10_000 and int(n) == n return [int(digit) for digit in f"{int(n):04}"][::-1] def num_to_lines(n): global _digits d = _to_digits(n) lines = [ ''.join((_digits[1][d[1]], '┃', _digits[0][d[0]])), ''.join((_digits[0][ 0], '┃', _digits[0][ 0])), ''.join((_digits[3][d[3]], '┃', _digits[2][d[2]])), ] return lines def cjoin(c1, c2, spaces=' '): return [spaces.join(by_row) for by_row in zip(c1, c2)] if __name__ == '__main__': for pow10 in range(4): step = 10 ** pow10 print(f'\nArabic {step}-to-{9*step} by {step} in Cistercian:\n') lines = num_to_lines(step) for n in range(step*2, step*10, step): lines = cjoin(lines, num_to_lines(n)) print('\n'.join(lines)) numbers = [0, 5555, 6789, 6666] print(f'\nArabic {str(numbers)[1:-1]} in Cistercian:\n') lines = num_to_lines(numbers[0]) for n in numbers[1:]: lines = cjoin(lines, num_to_lines(n)) print('\n'.join(lines))
Write the same code in Python as shown below in Java.
import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.List; public class Cistercian { private static final int SIZE = 15; private final char[][] canvas = new char[SIZE][SIZE]; public Cistercian(int n) { initN(); draw(n); } public void initN() { for (var row : canvas) { Arrays.fill(row, ' '); row[5] = 'x'; } } private void horizontal(int c1, int c2, int r) { for (int c = c1; c <= c2; c++) { canvas[r][c] = 'x'; } } private void vertical(int r1, int r2, int c) { for (int r = r1; r <= r2; r++) { canvas[r][c] = 'x'; } } private void diagd(int c1, int c2, int r) { for (int c = c1; c <= c2; c++) { canvas[r + c - c1][c] = 'x'; } } private void diagu(int c1, int c2, int r) { for (int c = c1; c <= c2; c++) { canvas[r - c + c1][c] = 'x'; } } private void draw(int v) { var thousands = v / 1000; v %= 1000; var hundreds = v / 100; v %= 100; var tens = v / 10; var ones = v % 10; drawPart(1000 * thousands); drawPart(100 * hundreds); drawPart(10 * tens); drawPart(ones); } private void drawPart(int v) { switch (v) { case 1: horizontal(6, 10, 0); break; case 2: horizontal(6, 10, 4); break; case 3: diagd(6, 10, 0); break; case 4: diagu(6, 10, 4); break; case 5: drawPart(1); drawPart(4); break; case 6: vertical(0, 4, 10); break; case 7: drawPart(1); drawPart(6); break; case 8: drawPart(2); drawPart(6); break; case 9: drawPart(1); drawPart(8); break; case 10: horizontal(0, 4, 0); break; case 20: horizontal(0, 4, 4); break; case 30: diagu(0, 4, 4); break; case 40: diagd(0, 4, 0); break; case 50: drawPart(10); drawPart(40); break; case 60: vertical(0, 4, 0); break; case 70: drawPart(10); drawPart(60); break; case 80: drawPart(20); drawPart(60); break; case 90: drawPart(10); drawPart(80); break; case 100: horizontal(6, 10, 14); break; case 200: horizontal(6, 10, 10); break; case 300: diagu(6, 10, 14); break; case 400: diagd(6, 10, 10); break; case 500: drawPart(100); drawPart(400); break; case 600: vertical(10, 14, 10); break; case 700: drawPart(100); drawPart(600); break; case 800: drawPart(200); drawPart(600); break; case 900: drawPart(100); drawPart(800); break; case 1000: horizontal(0, 4, 14); break; case 2000: horizontal(0, 4, 10); break; case 3000: diagd(0, 4, 10); break; case 4000: diagu(0, 4, 14); break; case 5000: drawPart(1000); drawPart(4000); break; case 6000: vertical(10, 14, 0); break; case 7000: drawPart(1000); drawPart(6000); break; case 8000: drawPart(2000); drawPart(6000); break; case 9000: drawPart(1000); drawPart(8000); break; } } @Override public String toString() { StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(); for (var row : canvas) { builder.append(row); builder.append('\n'); } return builder.toString(); } public static void main(String[] args) { for (int number : List.of(0, 1, 20, 300, 4000, 5555, 6789, 9999)) { System.out.printf("%d:\n", number); var c = new Cistercian(number); System.out.println(c); } } }
def _init(): "digit sections for forming numbers" digi_bits = .strip() lines = [[d.replace('.', ' ') for d in ln.strip().split()] for ln in digi_bits.strip().split('\n') if ' formats = '<2 >2 <2 >2'.split() digits = [[f"{dig:{f}}" for dig in line] for f, line in zip(formats, lines)] return digits _digits = _init() def _to_digits(n): assert 0 <= n < 10_000 and int(n) == n return [int(digit) for digit in f"{int(n):04}"][::-1] def num_to_lines(n): global _digits d = _to_digits(n) lines = [ ''.join((_digits[1][d[1]], '┃', _digits[0][d[0]])), ''.join((_digits[0][ 0], '┃', _digits[0][ 0])), ''.join((_digits[3][d[3]], '┃', _digits[2][d[2]])), ] return lines def cjoin(c1, c2, spaces=' '): return [spaces.join(by_row) for by_row in zip(c1, c2)] if __name__ == '__main__': for pow10 in range(4): step = 10 ** pow10 print(f'\nArabic {step}-to-{9*step} by {step} in Cistercian:\n') lines = num_to_lines(step) for n in range(step*2, step*10, step): lines = cjoin(lines, num_to_lines(n)) print('\n'.join(lines)) numbers = [0, 5555, 6789, 6666] print(f'\nArabic {str(numbers)[1:-1]} in Cistercian:\n') lines = num_to_lines(numbers[0]) for n in numbers[1:]: lines = cjoin(lines, num_to_lines(n)) print('\n'.join(lines))
Write the same code in Python as shown below in Java.
import java.math.BigInteger; class IntegerPower { public static void main(String[] args) { BigInteger power = BigInteger.valueOf(5).pow(BigInteger.valueOf(4).pow(BigInteger.valueOf(3).pow(2).intValueExact()).intValueExact()); String str = power.toString(); int len = str.length(); System.out.printf("5**4**3**2 = %s...%s and has %d digits%n", str.substring(0, 20), str.substring(len - 20), len); } }
>>> y = str( 5**4**3**2 ) >>> print ("5**4**3**2 = %s...%s and has %i digits" % (y[:20], y[-20:], len(y))) 5**4**3**2 = 62060698786608744707...92256259918212890625 and has 183231 digits
Change the following Java code into Python without altering its purpose.
using System; namespace Sphere { internal class Program { private const string Shades = ".:!*oe%&#@"; private static readonly double[] Light = {30, 30, -50}; private static void Normalize(double[] v) { double len = Math.Sqrt(v[0]*v[0] + v[1]*v[1] + v[2]*v[2]); v[0] /= len; v[1] /= len; v[2] /= len; } private static double Dot(double[] x, double[] y) { double d = x[0]*y[0] + x[1]*y[1] + x[2]*y[2]; return d < 0 ? -d : 0; } public static void DrawSphere(double r, double k, double ambient) { var vec = new double[3]; for(var i = (int)Math.Floor(-r); i <= (int)Math.Ceiling(r); i++) { double x = i + .5; for(var j = (int)Math.Floor(-2*r); j <= (int)Math.Ceiling(2*r); j++) { double y = j/2.0 + .5; if(x*x + y*y <= r*r) { vec[0] = x; vec[1] = y; vec[2] = Math.Sqrt(r*r - x*x - y*y); Normalize(vec); double b = Math.Pow(Dot(Light, vec), k) + ambient; int intensity = (b <= 0) ? Shades.Length - 2 : (int)Math.Max((1 - b)*(Shades.Length - 1), 0); Console.Write(Shades[intensity]); } else Console.Write(' '); } Console.WriteLine(); } } private static void Main() { Normalize(Light); DrawSphere(6, 4, .1); DrawSphere(10, 2, .4); Console.ReadKey(); } } }
import math shades = ('.',':','!','*','o','e','&',' def normalize(v): len = math.sqrt(v[0]**2 + v[1]**2 + v[2]**2) return (v[0]/len, v[1]/len, v[2]/len) def dot(x,y): d = x[0]*y[0] + x[1]*y[1] + x[2]*y[2] return -d if d < 0 else 0 def draw_sphere(r, k, ambient, light): for i in range(int(math.floor(-r)),int(math.ceil(r)+1)): x = i + 0.5 line = '' for j in range(int(math.floor(-2*r)),int(math.ceil(2*r)+1)): y = j/2 + 0.5 if x*x + y*y <= r*r: vec = normalize((x,y,math.sqrt(r*r - x*x - y*y))) b = dot(light,vec)**k + ambient intensity = int((1-b)*(len(shades)-1)) line += shades[intensity] if 0 <= intensity < len(shades) else shades[0] else: line += ' ' print(line) light = normalize((30,30,-50)) draw_sphere(20,4,0.1, light) draw_sphere(10,2,0.4, light)
Maintain the same structure and functionality when rewriting this code in Python.
using System; namespace Sphere { internal class Program { private const string Shades = ".:!*oe%&#@"; private static readonly double[] Light = {30, 30, -50}; private static void Normalize(double[] v) { double len = Math.Sqrt(v[0]*v[0] + v[1]*v[1] + v[2]*v[2]); v[0] /= len; v[1] /= len; v[2] /= len; } private static double Dot(double[] x, double[] y) { double d = x[0]*y[0] + x[1]*y[1] + x[2]*y[2]; return d < 0 ? -d : 0; } public static void DrawSphere(double r, double k, double ambient) { var vec = new double[3]; for(var i = (int)Math.Floor(-r); i <= (int)Math.Ceiling(r); i++) { double x = i + .5; for(var j = (int)Math.Floor(-2*r); j <= (int)Math.Ceiling(2*r); j++) { double y = j/2.0 + .5; if(x*x + y*y <= r*r) { vec[0] = x; vec[1] = y; vec[2] = Math.Sqrt(r*r - x*x - y*y); Normalize(vec); double b = Math.Pow(Dot(Light, vec), k) + ambient; int intensity = (b <= 0) ? Shades.Length - 2 : (int)Math.Max((1 - b)*(Shades.Length - 1), 0); Console.Write(Shades[intensity]); } else Console.Write(' '); } Console.WriteLine(); } } private static void Main() { Normalize(Light); DrawSphere(6, 4, .1); DrawSphere(10, 2, .4); Console.ReadKey(); } } }
import math shades = ('.',':','!','*','o','e','&',' def normalize(v): len = math.sqrt(v[0]**2 + v[1]**2 + v[2]**2) return (v[0]/len, v[1]/len, v[2]/len) def dot(x,y): d = x[0]*y[0] + x[1]*y[1] + x[2]*y[2] return -d if d < 0 else 0 def draw_sphere(r, k, ambient, light): for i in range(int(math.floor(-r)),int(math.ceil(r)+1)): x = i + 0.5 line = '' for j in range(int(math.floor(-2*r)),int(math.ceil(2*r)+1)): y = j/2 + 0.5 if x*x + y*y <= r*r: vec = normalize((x,y,math.sqrt(r*r - x*x - y*y))) b = dot(light,vec)**k + ambient intensity = int((1-b)*(len(shades)-1)) line += shades[intensity] if 0 <= intensity < len(shades) else shades[0] else: line += ' ' print(line) light = normalize((30,30,-50)) draw_sphere(20,4,0.1, light) draw_sphere(10,2,0.4, light)
Generate an equivalent Python version of this Java code.
package org.rosettacode; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileReader; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.HashSet; import java.util.LinkedList; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; import java.util.Set; public class InvertedIndex { List<String> stopwords = Arrays.asList("a", "able", "about", "across", "after", "all", "almost", "also", "am", "among", "an", "and", "any", "are", "as", "at", "be", "because", "been", "but", "by", "can", "cannot", "could", "dear", "did", "do", "does", "either", "else", "ever", "every", "for", "from", "get", "got", "had", "has", "have", "he", "her", "hers", "him", "his", "how", "however", "i", "if", "in", "into", "is", "it", "its", "just", "least", "let", "like", "likely", "may", "me", "might", "most", "must", "my", "neither", "no", "nor", "not", "of", "off", "often", "on", "only", "or", "other", "our", "own", "rather", "said", "say", "says", "she", "should", "since", "so", "some", "than", "that", "the", "their", "them", "then", "there", "these", "they", "this", "tis", "to", "too", "twas", "us", "wants", "was", "we", "were", "what", "when", "where", "which", "while", "who", "whom", "why", "will", "with", "would", "yet", "you", "your"); Map<String, List<Tuple>> index = new HashMap<String, List<Tuple>>(); List<String> files = new ArrayList<String>(); public void indexFile(File file) throws IOException { int fileno = files.indexOf(file.getPath()); if (fileno == -1) { files.add(file.getPath()); fileno = files.size() - 1; } int pos = 0; BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(file)); for (String line = reader.readLine(); line != null; line = reader .readLine()) { for (String _word : line.split("\\W+")) { String word = _word.toLowerCase(); pos++; if (stopwords.contains(word)) continue; List<Tuple> idx = index.get(word); if (idx == null) { idx = new LinkedList<Tuple>(); index.put(word, idx); } idx.add(new Tuple(fileno, pos)); } } System.out.println("indexed " + file.getPath() + " " + pos + " words"); } public void search(List<String> words) { for (String _word : words) { Set<String> answer = new HashSet<String>(); String word = _word.toLowerCase(); List<Tuple> idx = index.get(word); if (idx != null) { for (Tuple t : idx) { answer.add(files.get(t.fileno)); } } System.out.print(word); for (String f : answer) { System.out.print(" " + f); } System.out.println(""); } } public static void main(String[] args) { try { InvertedIndex idx = new InvertedIndex(); for (int i = 1; i < args.length; i++) { idx.indexFile(new File(args[i])); } idx.search(Arrays.asList(args[0].split(","))); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } private class Tuple { private int fileno; private int position; public Tuple(int fileno, int position) { this.fileno = fileno; this.position = position; } } }
from pprint import pprint as pp from glob import glob try: reduce except: from functools import reduce try: raw_input except: raw_input = input def parsetexts(fileglob='InvertedIndex/T*.txt'): texts, words = {}, set() for txtfile in glob(fileglob): with open(txtfile, 'r') as f: txt = f.read().split() words |= set(txt) texts[txtfile.split('\\')[-1]] = txt return texts, words def termsearch(terms): return reduce(set.intersection, (invindex[term] for term in terms), set(texts.keys())) texts, words = parsetexts() print('\nTexts') pp(texts) print('\nWords') pp(sorted(words)) invindex = {word:set(txt for txt, wrds in texts.items() if word in wrds) for word in words} print('\nInverted Index') pp({k:sorted(v) for k,v in invindex.items()}) terms = ["what", "is", "it"] print('\nTerm Search for: ' + repr(terms)) pp(sorted(termsearch(terms)))
Maintain the same structure and functionality when rewriting this code in Python.
import java.util.Scanner; public class LCM{ public static void main(String[] args){ Scanner aScanner = new Scanner(System.in); System.out.print("Enter the value of m:"); int m = aScanner.nextInt(); System.out.print("Enter the value of n:"); int n = aScanner.nextInt(); int lcm = (n == m || n == 1) ? m :(m == 1 ? n : 0); if (lcm == 0) { int mm = m, nn = n; while (mm != nn) { while (mm < nn) { mm += m; } while (nn < mm) { nn += n; } } lcm = mm; } System.out.println("lcm(" + m + ", " + n + ") = " + lcm); } }
>>> import fractions >>> def lcm(a,b): return abs(a * b) / fractions.gcd(a,b) if a and b else 0 >>> lcm(12, 18) 36 >>> lcm(-6, 14) 42 >>> assert lcm(0, 2) == lcm(2, 0) == 0 >>>
Write a version of this Java function in Python with identical behavior.
import java.util.Scanner; public class LCM{ public static void main(String[] args){ Scanner aScanner = new Scanner(System.in); System.out.print("Enter the value of m:"); int m = aScanner.nextInt(); System.out.print("Enter the value of n:"); int n = aScanner.nextInt(); int lcm = (n == m || n == 1) ? m :(m == 1 ? n : 0); if (lcm == 0) { int mm = m, nn = n; while (mm != nn) { while (mm < nn) { mm += m; } while (nn < mm) { nn += n; } } lcm = mm; } System.out.println("lcm(" + m + ", " + n + ") = " + lcm); } }
>>> import fractions >>> def lcm(a,b): return abs(a * b) / fractions.gcd(a,b) if a and b else 0 >>> lcm(12, 18) 36 >>> lcm(-6, 14) 42 >>> assert lcm(0, 2) == lcm(2, 0) == 0 >>>
Port the following code from Java to Python with equivalent syntax and logic.
import java.math.BigInteger; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; import java.util.stream.Collectors; public class FermatNumbers { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("First 10 Fermat numbers:"); for ( int i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++ ) { System.out.printf("F[%d] = %s\n", i, fermat(i)); } System.out.printf("%nFirst 12 Fermat numbers factored:%n"); for ( int i = 0 ; i < 13 ; i++ ) { System.out.printf("F[%d] = %s\n", i, getString(getFactors(i, fermat(i)))); } } private static String getString(List<BigInteger> factors) { if ( factors.size() == 1 ) { return factors.get(0) + " (PRIME)"; } return factors.stream().map(v -> v.toString()).map(v -> v.startsWith("-") ? "(C" + v.replace("-", "") + ")" : v).collect(Collectors.joining(" * ")); } private static Map<Integer, String> COMPOSITE = new HashMap<>(); static { COMPOSITE.put(9, "5529"); COMPOSITE.put(10, "6078"); COMPOSITE.put(11, "1037"); COMPOSITE.put(12, "5488"); COMPOSITE.put(13, "2884"); } private static List<BigInteger> getFactors(int fermatIndex, BigInteger n) { List<BigInteger> factors = new ArrayList<>(); BigInteger factor = BigInteger.ONE; while ( true ) { if ( n.isProbablePrime(100) ) { factors.add(n); break; } else { if ( COMPOSITE.containsKey(fermatIndex) ) { String stop = COMPOSITE.get(fermatIndex); if ( n.toString().startsWith(stop) ) { factors.add(new BigInteger("-" + n.toString().length())); break; } } factor = pollardRhoFast(n); if ( factor.compareTo(BigInteger.ZERO) == 0 ) { factors.add(n); break; } else { factors.add(factor); n = n.divide(factor); } } } return factors; } private static final BigInteger TWO = BigInteger.valueOf(2); private static BigInteger fermat(int n) { return TWO.pow((int)Math.pow(2, n)).add(BigInteger.ONE); } @SuppressWarnings("unused") private static BigInteger pollardRho(BigInteger n) { BigInteger x = BigInteger.valueOf(2); BigInteger y = BigInteger.valueOf(2); BigInteger d = BigInteger.ONE; while ( d.compareTo(BigInteger.ONE) == 0 ) { x = pollardRhoG(x, n); y = pollardRhoG(pollardRhoG(y, n), n); d = x.subtract(y).abs().gcd(n); } if ( d.compareTo(n) == 0 ) { return BigInteger.ZERO; } return d; } private static BigInteger pollardRhoFast(BigInteger n) { long start = System.currentTimeMillis(); BigInteger x = BigInteger.valueOf(2); BigInteger y = BigInteger.valueOf(2); BigInteger d = BigInteger.ONE; int count = 0; BigInteger z = BigInteger.ONE; while ( true ) { x = pollardRhoG(x, n); y = pollardRhoG(pollardRhoG(y, n), n); d = x.subtract(y).abs(); z = z.multiply(d).mod(n); count++; if ( count == 100 ) { d = z.gcd(n); if ( d.compareTo(BigInteger.ONE) != 0 ) { break; } z = BigInteger.ONE; count = 0; } } long end = System.currentTimeMillis(); System.out.printf(" Pollard rho try factor %s elapsed time = %d ms (factor = %s).%n", n, (end-start), d); if ( d.compareTo(n) == 0 ) { return BigInteger.ZERO; } return d; } private static BigInteger pollardRhoG(BigInteger x, BigInteger n) { return x.multiply(x).add(BigInteger.ONE).mod(n); } }
def factors(x): factors = [] i = 2 s = int(x ** 0.5) while i < s: if x % i == 0: factors.append(i) x = int(x / i) s = int(x ** 0.5) i += 1 factors.append(x) return factors print("First 10 Fermat numbers:") for i in range(10): fermat = 2 ** 2 ** i + 1 print("F{} = {}".format(chr(i + 0x2080) , fermat)) print("\nFactors of first few Fermat numbers:") for i in range(10): fermat = 2 ** 2 ** i + 1 fac = factors(fermat) if len(fac) == 1: print("F{} -> IS PRIME".format(chr(i + 0x2080))) else: print("F{} -> FACTORS: {}".format(chr(i + 0x2080), fac))
Convert this Java snippet to Python and keep its semantics consistent.
import java.util.Random; Random rand = new Random(); while(true){ int a = rand.nextInt(20); System.out.println(a); if(a == 10) break; int b = rand.nextInt(20); System.out.println(b); }
from random import randrange while True: a = randrange(20) print(a) if a == 10: break b = randrange(20) print(b)
Rewrite this program in Python while keeping its functionality equivalent to the Java version.
import java.io.FileWriter; import java.io.IOException; public class LinePrinter { public static void main(String[] args) { try { FileWriter lp0 = new FileWriter("/dev/lp0"); lp0.write("Hello World!"); lp0.close(); } catch (IOException ioe) { ioe.printStackTrace(); } } }
lp = open("/dev/lp0") lp.write("Hello World!\n") lp.close()
Port the provided Java code into Python while preserving the original functionality.
import java.io.FileWriter; import java.io.IOException; public class LinePrinter { public static void main(String[] args) { try { FileWriter lp0 = new FileWriter("/dev/lp0"); lp0.write("Hello World!"); lp0.close(); } catch (IOException ioe) { ioe.printStackTrace(); } } }
lp = open("/dev/lp0") lp.write("Hello World!\n") lp.close()
Change the following Java code into Python without altering its purpose.
public class WaterBetweenTowers { public static void main(String[] args) { int i = 1; int[][] tba = new int[][]{ new int[]{1, 5, 3, 7, 2}, new int[]{5, 3, 7, 2, 6, 4, 5, 9, 1, 2}, new int[]{2, 6, 3, 5, 2, 8, 1, 4, 2, 2, 5, 3, 5, 7, 4, 1}, new int[]{5, 5, 5, 5}, new int[]{5, 6, 7, 8}, new int[]{8, 7, 7, 6}, new int[]{6, 7, 10, 7, 6} }; for (int[] tea : tba) { int rht, wu = 0, bof; do { for (rht = tea.length - 1; rht >= 0; rht--) { if (tea[rht] > 0) { break; } } if (rht < 0) { break; } bof = 0; for (int col = 0; col <= rht; col++) { if (tea[col] > 0) { tea[col]--; bof += 1; } else if (bof > 0) { wu++; } } if (bof < 2) { break; } } while (true); System.out.printf("Block %d", i++); if (wu == 0) { System.out.print(" does not hold any"); } else { System.out.printf(" holds %d", wu); } System.out.println(" water units."); } } }
def water_collected(tower): N = len(tower) highest_left = [0] + [max(tower[:n]) for n in range(1,N)] highest_right = [max(tower[n:N]) for n in range(1,N)] + [0] water_level = [max(min(highest_left[n], highest_right[n]) - tower[n], 0) for n in range(N)] print("highest_left: ", highest_left) print("highest_right: ", highest_right) print("water_level: ", water_level) print("tower_level: ", tower) print("total_water: ", sum(water_level)) print("") return sum(water_level) towers = [[1, 5, 3, 7, 2], [5, 3, 7, 2, 6, 4, 5, 9, 1, 2], [2, 6, 3, 5, 2, 8, 1, 4, 2, 2, 5, 3, 5, 7, 4, 1], [5, 5, 5, 5], [5, 6, 7, 8], [8, 7, 7, 6], [6, 7, 10, 7, 6]] [water_collected(tower) for tower in towers]
Produce a functionally identical Python code for the snippet given in Java.
import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; public class SquareFree { private static List<Long> sieve(long limit) { List<Long> primes = new ArrayList<Long>(); primes.add(2L); boolean[] c = new boolean[(int)limit + 1]; long p = 3; for (;;) { long p2 = p * p; if (p2 > limit) break; for (long i = p2; i <= limit; i += 2 * p) c[(int)i] = true; for (;;) { p += 2; if (!c[(int)p]) break; } } for (long i = 3; i <= limit; i += 2) { if (!c[(int)i]) primes.add(i); } return primes; } private static List<Long> squareFree(long from, long to) { long limit = (long)Math.sqrt((double)to); List<Long> primes = sieve(limit); List<Long> results = new ArrayList<Long>(); outer: for (long i = from; i <= to; i++) { for (long p : primes) { long p2 = p * p; if (p2 > i) break; if (i % p2 == 0) continue outer; } results.add(i); } return results; } private final static long TRILLION = 1000000000000L; public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("Square-free integers from 1 to 145:"); List<Long> sf = squareFree(1, 145); for (int i = 0; i < sf.size(); i++) { if (i > 0 && i % 20 == 0) { System.out.println(); } System.out.printf("%4d", sf.get(i)); } System.out.print("\n\nSquare-free integers"); System.out.printf(" from %d to %d:\n", TRILLION, TRILLION + 145); sf = squareFree(TRILLION, TRILLION + 145); for (int i = 0; i < sf.size(); i++) { if (i > 0 && i % 5 == 0) System.out.println(); System.out.printf("%14d", sf.get(i)); } System.out.println("\n\nNumber of square-free integers:\n"); long[] tos = {100, 1000, 10000, 100000, 1000000}; for (long to : tos) { System.out.printf(" from %d to %d = %d\n", 1, to, squareFree(1, to).size()); } } }
import math def SquareFree ( _number ) : max = (int) (math.sqrt ( _number )) for root in range ( 2, max+1 ): if 0 == _number % ( root * root ): return False return True def ListSquareFrees( _start, _end ): count = 0 for i in range ( _start, _end+1 ): if True == SquareFree( i ): print ( "{}\t".format(i), end="" ) count += 1 print ( "\n\nTotal count of square-free numbers between {} and {}: {}".format(_start, _end, count)) ListSquareFrees( 1, 100 ) ListSquareFrees( 1000000000000, 1000000000145 )
Translate this program into Python but keep the logic exactly as in Java.
public class JaroDistance { public static double jaro(String s, String t) { int s_len = s.length(); int t_len = t.length(); if (s_len == 0 && t_len == 0) return 1; int match_distance = Integer.max(s_len, t_len) / 2 - 1; boolean[] s_matches = new boolean[s_len]; boolean[] t_matches = new boolean[t_len]; int matches = 0; int transpositions = 0; for (int i = 0; i < s_len; i++) { int start = Integer.max(0, i-match_distance); int end = Integer.min(i+match_distance+1, t_len); for (int j = start; j < end; j++) { if (t_matches[j]) continue; if (s.charAt(i) != t.charAt(j)) continue; s_matches[i] = true; t_matches[j] = true; matches++; break; } } if (matches == 0) return 0; int k = 0; for (int i = 0; i < s_len; i++) { if (!s_matches[i]) continue; while (!t_matches[k]) k++; if (s.charAt(i) != t.charAt(k)) transpositions++; k++; } return (((double)matches / s_len) + ((double)matches / t_len) + (((double)matches - transpositions/2.0) / matches)) / 3.0; } public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println(jaro( "MARTHA", "MARHTA")); System.out.println(jaro( "DIXON", "DICKSONX")); System.out.println(jaro("JELLYFISH", "SMELLYFISH")); } }
from __future__ import division def jaro(s, t): s_len = len(s) t_len = len(t) if s_len == 0 and t_len == 0: return 1 match_distance = (max(s_len, t_len) // 2) - 1 s_matches = [False] * s_len t_matches = [False] * t_len matches = 0 transpositions = 0 for i in range(s_len): start = max(0, i - match_distance) end = min(i + match_distance + 1, t_len) for j in range(start, end): if t_matches[j]: continue if s[i] != t[j]: continue s_matches[i] = True t_matches[j] = True matches += 1 break if matches == 0: return 0 k = 0 for i in range(s_len): if not s_matches[i]: continue while not t_matches[k]: k += 1 if s[i] != t[k]: transpositions += 1 k += 1 return ((matches / s_len) + (matches / t_len) + ((matches - transpositions / 2) / matches)) / 3 def main(): for s, t in [('MARTHA', 'MARHTA'), ('DIXON', 'DICKSONX'), ('JELLYFISH', 'SMELLYFISH')]: print("jaro(%r, %r) = %.10f" % (s, t, jaro(s, t))) if __name__ == '__main__': main()
Rewrite this program in Python while keeping its functionality equivalent to the Java version.
package org.rosettacode; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; public class SumAndProductPuzzle { private final long beginning; private final int maxSum; private static final int MIN_VALUE = 2; private List<int[]> firstConditionExcludes = new ArrayList<>(); private List<int[]> secondConditionExcludes = new ArrayList<>(); public static void main(String... args){ if (args.length == 0){ new SumAndProductPuzzle(100).run(); new SumAndProductPuzzle(1684).run(); new SumAndProductPuzzle(1685).run(); } else { for (String arg : args){ try{ new SumAndProductPuzzle(Integer.valueOf(arg)).run(); } catch (NumberFormatException e){ System.out.println("Please provide only integer arguments. " + "Provided argument " + arg + " was not an integer. " + "Alternatively, calling the program with no arguments " + "will run the puzzle where maximum sum equals 100, 1684, and 1865."); } } } } public SumAndProductPuzzle(int maxSum){ this.beginning = System.currentTimeMillis(); this.maxSum = maxSum; System.out.println("Run with maximum sum of " + String.valueOf(maxSum) + " started at " + String.valueOf(beginning) + "."); } public void run(){ for (int x = MIN_VALUE; x < maxSum - MIN_VALUE; x++){ for (int y = x + 1; y < maxSum - MIN_VALUE; y++){ if (isSumNoGreaterThanMax(x,y) && isSKnowsPCannotKnow(x,y) && isPKnowsNow(x,y) && isSKnowsNow(x,y) ){ System.out.println("Found solution x is " + String.valueOf(x) + " y is " + String.valueOf(y) + " in " + String.valueOf(System.currentTimeMillis() - beginning) + "ms."); } } } System.out.println("Run with maximum sum of " + String.valueOf(maxSum) + " ended in " + String.valueOf(System.currentTimeMillis() - beginning) + "ms."); } public boolean isSumNoGreaterThanMax(int x, int y){ return x + y <= maxSum; } public boolean isSKnowsPCannotKnow(int x, int y){ if (firstConditionExcludes.contains(new int[] {x, y})){ return false; } for (int[] addends : sumAddends(x, y)){ if ( !(productFactors(addends[0], addends[1]).size() > 1) ) { firstConditionExcludes.add(new int[] {x, y}); return false; } } return true; } public boolean isPKnowsNow(int x, int y){ if (secondConditionExcludes.contains(new int[] {x, y})){ return false; } int countSolutions = 0; for (int[] factors : productFactors(x, y)){ if (isSKnowsPCannotKnow(factors[0], factors[1])){ countSolutions++; } } if (countSolutions == 1){ return true; } else { secondConditionExcludes.add(new int[] {x, y}); return false; } } public boolean isSKnowsNow(int x, int y){ int countSolutions = 0; for (int[] addends : sumAddends(x, y)){ if (isPKnowsNow(addends[0], addends[1])){ countSolutions++; } } return countSolutions == 1; } public List<int[]> sumAddends(int x, int y){ List<int[]> list = new ArrayList<>(); int sum = x + y; for (int addend = MIN_VALUE; addend < sum - addend; addend++){ if (isSumNoGreaterThanMax(addend, sum - addend)){ list.add(new int[]{addend, sum - addend}); } } return list; } public List<int[]> productFactors(int x, int y){ List<int[]> list = new ArrayList<>(); int product = x * y; for (int factor = MIN_VALUE; factor < product / factor; factor++){ if (product % factor == 0){ if (isSumNoGreaterThanMax(factor, product / factor)){ list.add(new int[]{factor, product / factor}); } } } return list; } }
from collections import Counter def decompose_sum(s): return [(a,s-a) for a in range(2,int(s/2+1))] all_pairs = set((a,b) for a in range(2,100) for b in range(a+1,100) if a+b<100) product_counts = Counter(c*d for c,d in all_pairs) unique_products = set((a,b) for a,b in all_pairs if product_counts[a*b]==1) s_pairs = [(a,b) for a,b in all_pairs if all((x,y) not in unique_products for (x,y) in decompose_sum(a+b))] product_counts = Counter(c*d for c,d in s_pairs) p_pairs = [(a,b) for a,b in s_pairs if product_counts[a*b]==1] sum_counts = Counter(c+d for c,d in p_pairs) final_pairs = [(a,b) for a,b in p_pairs if sum_counts[a+b]==1] print(final_pairs)
Produce a functionally identical Python code for the snippet given in Java.
import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.List; public class FairshareBetweenTwoAndMore { public static void main(String[] args) { for ( int base : Arrays.asList(2, 3, 5, 11) ) { System.out.printf("Base %d = %s%n", base, thueMorseSequence(25, base)); } } private static List<Integer> thueMorseSequence(int terms, int base) { List<Integer> sequence = new ArrayList<Integer>(); for ( int i = 0 ; i < terms ; i++ ) { int sum = 0; int n = i; while ( n > 0 ) { sum += n % base; n /= base; } sequence.add(sum % base); } return sequence; } }
from itertools import count, islice def _basechange_int(num, b): if num == 0: return [0] result = [] while num != 0: num, d = divmod(num, b) result.append(d) return result[::-1] def fairshare(b=2): for i in count(): yield sum(_basechange_int(i, b)) % b if __name__ == '__main__': for b in (2, 3, 5, 11): print(f"{b:>2}: {str(list(islice(fairshare(b), 25)))[1:-1]}")
Port the provided Java code into Python while preserving the original functionality.
import java.util.Stack; public class ShuntingYard { public static void main(String[] args) { String infix = "3 + 4 * 2 / ( 1 - 5 ) ^ 2 ^ 3"; System.out.printf("infix: %s%n", infix); System.out.printf("postfix: %s%n", infixToPostfix(infix)); } static String infixToPostfix(String infix) { final String ops = "-+/*^"; StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); Stack<Integer> s = new Stack<>(); for (String token : infix.split("\\s")) { if (token.isEmpty()) continue; char c = token.charAt(0); int idx = ops.indexOf(c); if (idx != -1) { if (s.isEmpty()) s.push(idx); else { while (!s.isEmpty()) { int prec2 = s.peek() / 2; int prec1 = idx / 2; if (prec2 > prec1 || (prec2 == prec1 && c != '^')) sb.append(ops.charAt(s.pop())).append(' '); else break; } s.push(idx); } } else if (c == '(') { s.push(-2); } else if (c == ')') { while (s.peek() != -2) sb.append(ops.charAt(s.pop())).append(' '); s.pop(); } else { sb.append(token).append(' '); } } while (!s.isEmpty()) sb.append(ops.charAt(s.pop())).append(' '); return sb.toString(); } }
from collections import namedtuple from pprint import pprint as pp OpInfo = namedtuple('OpInfo', 'prec assoc') L, R = 'Left Right'.split() ops = { '^': OpInfo(prec=4, assoc=R), '*': OpInfo(prec=3, assoc=L), '/': OpInfo(prec=3, assoc=L), '+': OpInfo(prec=2, assoc=L), '-': OpInfo(prec=2, assoc=L), '(': OpInfo(prec=9, assoc=L), ')': OpInfo(prec=0, assoc=L), } NUM, LPAREN, RPAREN = 'NUMBER ( )'.split() def get_input(inp = None): 'Inputs an expression and returns list of (TOKENTYPE, tokenvalue)' if inp is None: inp = input('expression: ') tokens = inp.strip().split() tokenvals = [] for token in tokens: if token in ops: tokenvals.append((token, ops[token])) else: tokenvals.append((NUM, token)) return tokenvals def shunting(tokenvals): outq, stack = [], [] table = ['TOKEN,ACTION,RPN OUTPUT,OP STACK,NOTES'.split(',')] for token, val in tokenvals: note = action = '' if token is NUM: action = 'Add number to output' outq.append(val) table.append( (val, action, ' '.join(outq), ' '.join(s[0] for s in stack), note) ) elif token in ops: t1, (p1, a1) = token, val v = t1 note = 'Pop ops from stack to output' while stack: t2, (p2, a2) = stack[-1] if (a1 == L and p1 <= p2) or (a1 == R and p1 < p2): if t1 != RPAREN: if t2 != LPAREN: stack.pop() action = '(Pop op)' outq.append(t2) else: break else: if t2 != LPAREN: stack.pop() action = '(Pop op)' outq.append(t2) else: stack.pop() action = '(Pop & discard "(")' table.append( (v, action, ' '.join(outq), ' '.join(s[0] for s in stack), note) ) break table.append( (v, action, ' '.join(outq), ' '.join(s[0] for s in stack), note) ) v = note = '' else: note = '' break note = '' note = '' if t1 != RPAREN: stack.append((token, val)) action = 'Push op token to stack' else: action = 'Discard ")"' table.append( (v, action, ' '.join(outq), ' '.join(s[0] for s in stack), note) ) note = 'Drain stack to output' while stack: v = '' t2, (p2, a2) = stack[-1] action = '(Pop op)' stack.pop() outq.append(t2) table.append( (v, action, ' '.join(outq), ' '.join(s[0] for s in stack), note) ) v = note = '' return table if __name__ == '__main__': infix = '3 + 4 * 2 / ( 1 - 5 ) ^ 2 ^ 3' print( 'For infix expression: %r\n' % infix ) rp = shunting(get_input(infix)) maxcolwidths = [len(max(x, key=len)) for x in zip(*rp)] row = rp[0] print( ' '.join('{cell:^{width}}'.format(width=width, cell=cell) for (width, cell) in zip(maxcolwidths, row))) for row in rp[1:]: print( ' '.join('{cell:<{width}}'.format(width=width, cell=cell) for (width, cell) in zip(maxcolwidths, row))) print('\n The final output RPN is: %r' % rp[-1][2])
Produce a language-to-language conversion: from Java to Python, same semantics.
import java.util.*; import java.io.*; public class TPKA { public static void main(String... args) { double[] input = new double[11]; double userInput = 0.0; Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in); for(int i = 0; i < 11; i++) { System.out.print("Please enter a number: "); String s = in.nextLine(); try { userInput = Double.parseDouble(s); } catch (NumberFormatException e) { System.out.println("You entered invalid input, exiting"); System.exit(1); } input[i] = userInput; } for(int j = 10; j >= 0; j--) { double x = input[j]; double y = f(x); if( y < 400.0) { System.out.printf("f( %.2f ) = %.2f\n", x, y); } else { System.out.printf("f( %.2f ) = %s\n", x, "TOO LARGE"); } } } private static double f(double x) { return Math.pow(Math.abs(x), 0.5) + (5*(Math.pow(x, 3))); } }
Python 3.2.2 (default, Sep 4 2011, 09:51:08) [MSC v.1500 32 bit (Intel)] on win32 Type "copyright", "credits" or "license()" for more information. >>> def f(x): return abs(x) ** 0.5 + 5 * x**3 >>> print(', '.join('%s:%s' % (x, v if v<=400 else "TOO LARGE!") for x,v in ((y, f(float(y))) for y in input('\nnumbers: ').strip().split()[:11][::-1]))) 11 numbers: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 11:TOO LARGE!, 10:TOO LARGE!, 9:TOO LARGE!, 8:TOO LARGE!, 7:TOO LARGE!, 6:TOO LARGE!, 5:TOO LARGE!, 4:322.0, 3:136.73205080756887, 2:41.41421356237309, 1:6.0 >>>
Port the following code from Java to Python with equivalent syntax and logic.
public class MiddleThreeDigits { public static void main(String[] args) { final long[] passing = {123, 12345, 1234567, 987654321, 10001, -10001, -123, -100, 100, -12345, Long.MIN_VALUE, Long.MAX_VALUE}; final int[] failing = {1, 2, -1, -10, 2002, -2002, 0, Integer.MIN_VALUE, Integer.MAX_VALUE}; for (long n : passing) System.out.printf("middleThreeDigits(%s): %s\n", n, middleThreeDigits(n)); for (int n : failing) System.out.printf("middleThreeDigits(%s): %s\n", n, middleThreeDigits(n)); } public static <T> String middleThreeDigits(T n) { String s = String.valueOf(n); if (s.charAt(0) == '-') s = s.substring(1); int len = s.length(); if (len < 3 || len % 2 == 0) return "Need odd and >= 3 digits"; int mid = len / 2; return s.substring(mid - 1, mid + 2); } }
>>> def middle_three_digits(i): s = str(abs(i)) length = len(s) assert length >= 3 and length % 2 == 1, "Need odd and >= 3 digits" mid = length // 2 return s[mid-1:mid+2] >>> passing = [123, 12345, 1234567, 987654321, 10001, -10001, -123, -100, 100, -12345] >>> failing = [1, 2, -1, -10, 2002, -2002, 0] >>> for x in passing + failing: try: answer = middle_three_digits(x) except AssertionError as error: answer = error print("middle_three_digits(%s) returned: %r" % (x, answer)) middle_three_digits(123) returned: '123' middle_three_digits(12345) returned: '234' middle_three_digits(1234567) returned: '345' middle_three_digits(987654321) returned: '654' middle_three_digits(10001) returned: '000' middle_three_digits(-10001) returned: '000' middle_three_digits(-123) returned: '123' middle_three_digits(-100) returned: '100' middle_three_digits(100) returned: '100' middle_three_digits(-12345) returned: '234' middle_three_digits(1) returned: AssertionError('Need odd and >= 3 digits',) middle_three_digits(2) returned: AssertionError('Need odd and >= 3 digits',) middle_three_digits(-1) returned: AssertionError('Need odd and >= 3 digits',) middle_three_digits(-10) returned: AssertionError('Need odd and >= 3 digits',) middle_three_digits(2002) returned: AssertionError('Need odd and >= 3 digits',) middle_three_digits(-2002) returned: AssertionError('Need odd and >= 3 digits',) middle_three_digits(0) returned: AssertionError('Need odd and >= 3 digits',) >>>
Write a version of this Java function in Python with identical behavior.
import java.math.BigInteger; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; public class SequenceNthNumberWithExactlyNDivisors { public static void main(String[] args) { int max = 45; smallPrimes(max); for ( int n = 1; n <= max ; n++ ) { System.out.printf("A073916(%d) = %s%n", n, OEISA073916(n)); } } private static List<Integer> smallPrimes = new ArrayList<>(); private static void smallPrimes(int numPrimes) { smallPrimes.add(2); for ( int n = 3, count = 0 ; count < numPrimes ; n += 2 ) { if ( isPrime(n) ) { smallPrimes.add(n); count++; } } } private static final boolean isPrime(long test) { if ( test == 2 ) { return true; } if ( test % 2 == 0 ) { return false; } for ( long d = 3 ; d*d <= test ; d += 2 ) { if ( test % d == 0 ) { return false; } } return true; } private static int getDivisorCount(long n) { int count = 1; while ( n % 2 == 0 ) { n /= 2; count += 1; } for ( long d = 3 ; d*d <= n ; d += 2 ) { long q = n / d; long r = n % d; int dc = 0; while ( r == 0 ) { dc += count; n = q; q = n / d; r = n % d; } count += dc; } if ( n != 1 ) { count *= 2; } return count; } private static BigInteger OEISA073916(int n) { if ( isPrime(n) ) { return BigInteger.valueOf(smallPrimes.get(n-1)).pow(n - 1); } int count = 0; int result = 0; for ( int i = 1 ; count < n ; i++ ) { if ( n % 2 == 1 ) { int sqrt = (int) Math.sqrt(i); if ( sqrt*sqrt != i ) { continue; } } if ( getDivisorCount(i) == n ) { count++; result = i; } } return BigInteger.valueOf(result); } }
def divisors(n): divs = [1] for ii in range(2, int(n ** 0.5) + 3): if n % ii == 0: divs.append(ii) divs.append(int(n / ii)) divs.append(n) return list(set(divs)) def is_prime(n): return len(divisors(n)) == 2 def primes(): ii = 1 while True: ii += 1 if is_prime(ii): yield ii def prime(n): generator = primes() for ii in range(n - 1): generator.__next__() return generator.__next__() def n_divisors(n): ii = 0 while True: ii += 1 if len(divisors(ii)) == n: yield ii def sequence(max_n=None): if max_n is not None: for ii in range(1, max_n + 1): if is_prime(ii): yield prime(ii) ** (ii - 1) else: generator = n_divisors(ii) for jj, out in zip(range(ii - 1), generator): pass yield generator.__next__() else: ii = 1 while True: ii += 1 if is_prime(ii): yield prime(ii) ** (ii - 1) else: generator = n_divisors(ii) for jj, out in zip(range(ii - 1), generator): pass yield generator.__next__() if __name__ == '__main__': for item in sequence(15): print(item)
Write a version of this Java function in Python with identical behavior.
import java.util.Arrays; public class OEIS_A005179 { static int count_divisors(int n) { int count = 0; for (int i = 1; i * i <= n; ++i) { if (n % i == 0) { if (i == n / i) count++; else count += 2; } } return count; } public static void main(String[] args) { final int max = 15; int[] seq = new int[max]; System.out.printf("The first %d terms of the sequence are:\n", max); for (int i = 1, n = 0; n < max; ++i) { int k = count_divisors(i); if (k <= max && seq[k - 1] == 0) { seq[k- 1] = i; n++; } } System.out.println(Arrays.toString(seq)); } }
def divisors(n): divs = [1] for ii in range(2, int(n ** 0.5) + 3): if n % ii == 0: divs.append(ii) divs.append(int(n / ii)) divs.append(n) return list(set(divs)) def sequence(max_n=None): n = 0 while True: n += 1 ii = 0 if max_n is not None: if n > max_n: break while True: ii += 1 if len(divisors(ii)) == n: yield ii break if __name__ == '__main__': for item in sequence(15): print(item)