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Convert this Java block to Python, preserving its control flow and logic.
public class ScriptedMain { public static int meaningOfLife() { return 42; } public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("Main: The meaning of life is " + meaningOfLife()); } }
def meaning_of_life(): return 42 if __name__ == "__main__": print("Main: The meaning of life is %s" % meaning_of_life())
Change the following Java code into Python without altering its purpose.
public final class ImprovedNoise { static public double noise(double x, double y, double z) { int X = (int)Math.floor(x) & 255, Y = (int)Math.floor(y) & 255, Z = (int)Math.floor(z) & 255; x -= Math.floor(x); y -= Math.floor(y); z -= Math.floor(z); double u = fade(x), v = fade(y), w = fade(z); int A = p[X ]+Y, AA = p[A]+Z, AB = p[A+1]+Z, B = p[X+1]+Y, BA = p[B]+Z, BB = p[B+1]+Z; return lerp(w, lerp(v, lerp(u, grad(p[AA ], x , y , z ), grad(p[BA ], x-1, y , z )), lerp(u, grad(p[AB ], x , y-1, z ), grad(p[BB ], x-1, y-1, z ))), lerp(v, lerp(u, grad(p[AA+1], x , y , z-1 ), grad(p[BA+1], x-1, y , z-1 )), lerp(u, grad(p[AB+1], x , y-1, z-1 ), grad(p[BB+1], x-1, y-1, z-1 )))); } static double fade(double t) { return t * t * t * (t * (t * 6 - 15) + 10); } static double lerp(double t, double a, double b) { return a + t * (b - a); } static double grad(int hash, double x, double y, double z) { int h = hash & 15; double u = h<8 ? x : y, v = h<4 ? y : h==12||h==14 ? x : z; return ((h&1) == 0 ? u : -u) + ((h&2) == 0 ? v : -v); } static final int p[] = new int[512], permutation[] = { 151,160,137,91,90,15, 131,13,201,95,96,53,194,233,7,225,140,36,103,30,69,142,8,99,37,240,21,10,23, 190, 6,148,247,120,234,75,0,26,197,62,94,252,219,203,117,35,11,32,57,177,33, 88,237,149,56,87,174,20,125,136,171,168, 68,175,74,165,71,134,139,48,27,166, 77,146,158,231,83,111,229,122,60,211,133,230,220,105,92,41,55,46,245,40,244, 102,143,54, 65,25,63,161, 1,216,80,73,209,76,132,187,208, 89,18,169,200,196, 135,130,116,188,159,86,164,100,109,198,173,186, 3,64,52,217,226,250,124,123, 5,202,38,147,118,126,255,82,85,212,207,206,59,227,47,16,58,17,182,189,28,42, 223,183,170,213,119,248,152, 2,44,154,163, 70,221,153,101,155,167, 43,172,9, 129,22,39,253, 19,98,108,110,79,113,224,232,178,185, 112,104,218,246,97,228, 251,34,242,193,238,210,144,12,191,179,162,241, 81,51,145,235,249,14,239,107, 49,192,214, 31,181,199,106,157,184, 84,204,176,115,121,50,45,127, 4,150,254, 138,236,205,93,222,114,67,29,24,72,243,141,128,195,78,66,215,61,156,180 }; static { for (int i=0; i < 256 ; i++) p[256+i] = p[i] = permutation[i]; } }
import math def perlin_noise(x, y, z): X = math.floor(x) & 255 Y = math.floor(y) & 255 Z = math.floor(z) & 255 x -= math.floor(x) y -= math.floor(y) z -= math.floor(z) u = fade(x) v = fade(y) w = fade(z) A = p[X ]+Y; AA = p[A]+Z; AB = p[A+1]+Z B = p[X+1]+Y; BA = p[B]+Z; BB = p[B+1]+Z return lerp(w, lerp(v, lerp(u, grad(p[AA ], x , y , z ), grad(p[BA ], x-1, y , z )), lerp(u, grad(p[AB ], x , y-1, z ), grad(p[BB ], x-1, y-1, z ))), lerp(v, lerp(u, grad(p[AA+1], x , y , z-1 ), grad(p[BA+1], x-1, y , z-1 )), lerp(u, grad(p[AB+1], x , y-1, z-1 ), grad(p[BB+1], x-1, y-1, z-1 )))) def fade(t): return t ** 3 * (t * (t * 6 - 15) + 10) def lerp(t, a, b): return a + t * (b - a) def grad(hash, x, y, z): h = hash & 15 u = x if h<8 else y v = y if h<4 else (x if h in (12, 14) else z) return (u if (h&1) == 0 else -u) + (v if (h&2) == 0 else -v) p = [None] * 512 permutation = [151,160,137,91,90,15, 131,13,201,95,96,53,194,233,7,225,140,36,103,30,69,142,8,99,37,240,21,10,23, 190, 6,148,247,120,234,75,0,26,197,62,94,252,219,203,117,35,11,32,57,177,33, 88,237,149,56,87,174,20,125,136,171,168, 68,175,74,165,71,134,139,48,27,166, 77,146,158,231,83,111,229,122,60,211,133,230,220,105,92,41,55,46,245,40,244, 102,143,54, 65,25,63,161, 1,216,80,73,209,76,132,187,208, 89,18,169,200,196, 135,130,116,188,159,86,164,100,109,198,173,186, 3,64,52,217,226,250,124,123, 5,202,38,147,118,126,255,82,85,212,207,206,59,227,47,16,58,17,182,189,28,42, 223,183,170,213,119,248,152, 2,44,154,163, 70,221,153,101,155,167, 43,172,9, 129,22,39,253, 19,98,108,110,79,113,224,232,178,185, 112,104,218,246,97,228, 251,34,242,193,238,210,144,12,191,179,162,241, 81,51,145,235,249,14,239,107, 49,192,214, 31,181,199,106,157,184, 84,204,176,115,121,50,45,127, 4,150,254, 138,236,205,93,222,114,67,29,24,72,243,141,128,195,78,66,215,61,156,180] for i in range(256): p[256+i] = p[i] = permutation[i] if __name__ == '__main__': print("%1.17f" % perlin_noise(3.14, 42, 7))
Generate a Python translation of this Java snippet without changing its computational steps.
package rosetta; import java.io.IOException; import java.nio.file.Files; import java.nio.file.Path; public class UnixLS { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { Files.list(Path.of("")).sorted().forEach(System.out::println); } }
>>> import os >>> print('\n'.join(sorted(os.listdir('.')))) DLLs Doc LICENSE.txt Lib NEWS.txt README.txt Scripts Tools include libs python.exe pythonw.exe tcl >>>
Convert this Java snippet to Python and keep its semantics consistent.
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets; import java.util.Formatter; public class UTF8EncodeDecode { public static byte[] utf8encode(int codepoint) { return new String(new int[]{codepoint}, 0, 1).getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8); } public static int utf8decode(byte[] bytes) { return new String(bytes, StandardCharsets.UTF_8).codePointAt(0); } public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.printf("%-7s %-43s %7s\t%s\t%7s%n", "Char", "Name", "Unicode", "UTF-8 encoded", "Decoded"); for (int codepoint : new int[]{0x0041, 0x00F6, 0x0416, 0x20AC, 0x1D11E}) { byte[] encoded = utf8encode(codepoint); Formatter formatter = new Formatter(); for (byte b : encoded) { formatter.format("%02X ", b); } String encodedHex = formatter.toString(); int decoded = utf8decode(encoded); System.out.printf("%-7c %-43s U+%04X\t%-12s\tU+%04X%n", codepoint, Character.getName(codepoint), codepoint, encodedHex, decoded); } } }
from unicodedata import name def unicode_code(ch): return 'U+{:04x}'.format(ord(ch)) def utf8hex(ch): return " ".join([hex(c)[2:] for c in ch.encode('utf8')]).upper() if __name__ == "__main__": print('{:<11} {:<36} {:<15} {:<15}'.format('Character', 'Name', 'Unicode', 'UTF-8 encoding (hex)')) chars = ['A', 'ö', 'Ж', '€', '𝄞'] for char in chars: print('{:<11} {:<36} {:<15} {:<15}'.format(char, name(char), unicode_code(char), utf8hex(char)))
Keep all operations the same but rewrite the snippet in Python.
import java.awt.*; import static java.lang.Math.*; import javax.swing.*; public class XiaolinWu extends JPanel { public XiaolinWu() { Dimension dim = new Dimension(640, 640); setPreferredSize(dim); setBackground(Color.white); } void plot(Graphics2D g, double x, double y, double c) { g.setColor(new Color(0f, 0f, 0f, (float)c)); g.fillOval((int) x, (int) y, 2, 2); } int ipart(double x) { return (int) x; } double fpart(double x) { return x - floor(x); } double rfpart(double x) { return 1.0 - fpart(x); } void drawLine(Graphics2D g, double x0, double y0, double x1, double y1) { boolean steep = abs(y1 - y0) > abs(x1 - x0); if (steep) drawLine(g, y0, x0, y1, x1); if (x0 > x1) drawLine(g, x1, y1, x0, y0); double dx = x1 - x0; double dy = y1 - y0; double gradient = dy / dx; double xend = round(x0); double yend = y0 + gradient * (xend - x0); double xgap = rfpart(x0 + 0.5); double xpxl1 = xend; double ypxl1 = ipart(yend); if (steep) { plot(g, ypxl1, xpxl1, rfpart(yend) * xgap); plot(g, ypxl1 + 1, xpxl1, fpart(yend) * xgap); } else { plot(g, xpxl1, ypxl1, rfpart(yend) * xgap); plot(g, xpxl1, ypxl1 + 1, fpart(yend) * xgap); } double intery = yend + gradient; xend = round(x1); yend = y1 + gradient * (xend - x1); xgap = fpart(x1 + 0.5); double xpxl2 = xend; double ypxl2 = ipart(yend); if (steep) { plot(g, ypxl2, xpxl2, rfpart(yend) * xgap); plot(g, ypxl2 + 1, xpxl2, fpart(yend) * xgap); } else { plot(g, xpxl2, ypxl2, rfpart(yend) * xgap); plot(g, xpxl2, ypxl2 + 1, fpart(yend) * xgap); } for (double x = xpxl1 + 1; x <= xpxl2 - 1; x++) { if (steep) { plot(g, ipart(intery), x, rfpart(intery)); plot(g, ipart(intery) + 1, x, fpart(intery)); } else { plot(g, x, ipart(intery), rfpart(intery)); plot(g, x, ipart(intery) + 1, fpart(intery)); } intery = intery + gradient; } } @Override public void paintComponent(Graphics gg) { super.paintComponent(gg); Graphics2D g = (Graphics2D) gg; drawLine(g, 550, 170, 50, 435); } public static void main(String[] args) { SwingUtilities.invokeLater(() -> { JFrame f = new JFrame(); f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); f.setTitle("Xiaolin Wu's line algorithm"); f.setResizable(false); f.add(new XiaolinWu(), BorderLayout.CENTER); f.pack(); f.setLocationRelativeTo(null); f.setVisible(true); }); } }
from __future__ import division import sys from PIL import Image def _fpart(x): return x - int(x) def _rfpart(x): return 1 - _fpart(x) def putpixel(img, xy, color, alpha=1): compose_color = lambda bg, fg: int(round(alpha * fg + (1-alpha) * bg)) c = compose_color(img.getpixel(xy), color) img.putpixel(xy, c) def draw_line(img, p1, p2, color): x1, y1 = p1 x2, y2 = p2 dx, dy = x2-x1, y2-y1 steep = abs(dx) < abs(dy) p = lambda px, py: ((px,py), (py,px))[steep] if steep: x1, y1, x2, y2, dx, dy = y1, x1, y2, x2, dy, dx if x2 < x1: x1, x2, y1, y2 = x2, x1, y2, y1 grad = dy/dx intery = y1 + _rfpart(x1) * grad def draw_endpoint(pt): x, y = pt xend = round(x) yend = y + grad * (xend - x) xgap = _rfpart(x + 0.5) px, py = int(xend), int(yend) putpixel(img, p(px, py), color, _rfpart(yend) * xgap) putpixel(img, p(px, py+1), color, _fpart(yend) * xgap) return px xstart = draw_endpoint(p(*p1)) + 1 xend = draw_endpoint(p(*p2)) for x in range(xstart, xend): y = int(intery) putpixel(img, p(x, y), color, _rfpart(intery)) putpixel(img, p(x, y+1), color, _fpart(intery)) intery += grad if __name__ == '__main__': if len(sys.argv) != 2: print 'usage: python xiaolinwu.py [output-file]' sys.exit(-1) blue = (0, 0, 255) yellow = (255, 255, 0) img = Image.new("RGB", (500,500), blue) for a in range(10, 431, 60): draw_line(img, (10, 10), (490, a), yellow) draw_line(img, (10, 10), (a, 490), yellow) draw_line(img, (10, 10), (490, 490), yellow) filename = sys.argv[1] img.save(filename) print 'image saved to', filename
Write the same code in Python as shown below in Java.
package keybord.macro.demo; import javax.swing.JFrame; import javax.swing.JLabel; import java.awt.event.KeyAdapter; import java.awt.event.KeyEvent; class KeyboardMacroDemo { public static void main( String [] args ) { final JFrame frame = new JFrame(); String directions = "<html><b>Ctrl-S</b> to show frame title<br>" +"<b>Ctrl-H</b> to hide it</html>"; frame.add( new JLabel(directions)); frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frame.addKeyListener( new KeyAdapter(){ public void keyReleased( KeyEvent e ) { if( e.isControlDown() && e.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.VK_S){ frame.setTitle("Hello there"); }else if( e.isControlDown() && e.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.VK_H){ frame.setTitle(""); } } }); frame.pack(); frame.setVisible(true); } }
import curses def print_message(): stdscr.addstr('This is the message.\n') stdscr = curses.initscr() curses.noecho() curses.cbreak() stdscr.keypad(1) stdscr.addstr('CTRL+P for message or q to quit.\n') while True: c = stdscr.getch() if c == 16: print_message() elif c == ord('q'): break curses.nocbreak() stdscr.keypad(0) curses.echo() curses.endwin()
Produce a functionally identical Python code for the snippet given in Java.
package keybord.macro.demo; import javax.swing.JFrame; import javax.swing.JLabel; import java.awt.event.KeyAdapter; import java.awt.event.KeyEvent; class KeyboardMacroDemo { public static void main( String [] args ) { final JFrame frame = new JFrame(); String directions = "<html><b>Ctrl-S</b> to show frame title<br>" +"<b>Ctrl-H</b> to hide it</html>"; frame.add( new JLabel(directions)); frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frame.addKeyListener( new KeyAdapter(){ public void keyReleased( KeyEvent e ) { if( e.isControlDown() && e.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.VK_S){ frame.setTitle("Hello there"); }else if( e.isControlDown() && e.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.VK_H){ frame.setTitle(""); } } }); frame.pack(); frame.setVisible(true); } }
import curses def print_message(): stdscr.addstr('This is the message.\n') stdscr = curses.initscr() curses.noecho() curses.cbreak() stdscr.keypad(1) stdscr.addstr('CTRL+P for message or q to quit.\n') while True: c = stdscr.getch() if c == 16: print_message() elif c == ord('q'): break curses.nocbreak() stdscr.keypad(0) curses.echo() curses.endwin()
Preserve the algorithm and functionality while converting the code from Java to Python.
public class McNuggets { public static void main(String... args) { int[] SIZES = new int[] { 6, 9, 20 }; int MAX_TOTAL = 100; int numSizes = SIZES.length; int[] counts = new int[numSizes]; int maxFound = MAX_TOTAL + 1; boolean[] found = new boolean[maxFound]; int numFound = 0; int total = 0; boolean advancedState = false; do { if (!found[total]) { found[total] = true; numFound++; } advancedState = false; for (int i = 0; i < numSizes; i++) { int curSize = SIZES[i]; if ((total + curSize) > MAX_TOTAL) { total -= counts[i] * curSize; counts[i] = 0; } else { counts[i]++; total += curSize; advancedState = true; break; } } } while ((numFound < maxFound) && advancedState); if (numFound < maxFound) { for (int i = MAX_TOTAL; i >= 0; i--) { if (!found[i]) { System.out.println("Largest non-McNugget number in the search space is " + i); break; } } } else { System.out.println("All numbers in the search space are McNugget numbers"); } return; } }
>>> from itertools import product >>> nuggets = set(range(101)) >>> for s, n, t in product(range(100//6+1), range(100//9+1), range(100//20+1)): nuggets.discard(6*s + 9*n + 20*t) >>> max(nuggets) 43 >>>
Write the same algorithm in Python as shown in this Java implementation.
public class MagicSquareDoublyEven { public static void main(String[] args) { int n = 8; for (int[] row : magicSquareDoublyEven(n)) { for (int x : row) System.out.printf("%2s ", x); System.out.println(); } System.out.printf("\nMagic constant: %d ", (n * n + 1) * n / 2); } static int[][] magicSquareDoublyEven(final int n) { if (n < 4 || n % 4 != 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("base must be a positive " + "multiple of 4"); int bits = 0b1001_0110_0110_1001; int size = n * n; int mult = n / 4; int[][] result = new int[n][n]; for (int r = 0, i = 0; r < n; r++) { for (int c = 0; c < n; c++, i++) { int bitPos = c / mult + (r / mult) * 4; result[r][c] = (bits & (1 << bitPos)) != 0 ? i + 1 : size - i; } } return result; } }
def MagicSquareDoublyEven(order): sq = [range(1+n*order,order + (n*order)+1) for n in range(order) ] n1 = order/4 for r in range(n1): r1 = sq[r][n1:-n1] r2 = sq[order -r - 1][n1:-n1] r1.reverse() r2.reverse() sq[r][n1:-n1] = r2 sq[order -r - 1][n1:-n1] = r1 for r in range(n1, order-n1): r1 = sq[r][:n1] r2 = sq[order -r - 1][order-n1:] r1.reverse() r2.reverse() sq[r][:n1] = r2 sq[order -r - 1][order-n1:] = r1 return sq def printsq(s): n = len(s) bl = len(str(n**2))+1 for i in range(n): print ''.join( [ ("%"+str(bl)+"s")%(str(x)) for x in s[i]] ) print "\nMagic constant = %d"%sum(s[0]) printsq(MagicSquareDoublyEven(8))
Preserve the algorithm and functionality while converting the code from Java to Python.
public class MagicSquareDoublyEven { public static void main(String[] args) { int n = 8; for (int[] row : magicSquareDoublyEven(n)) { for (int x : row) System.out.printf("%2s ", x); System.out.println(); } System.out.printf("\nMagic constant: %d ", (n * n + 1) * n / 2); } static int[][] magicSquareDoublyEven(final int n) { if (n < 4 || n % 4 != 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("base must be a positive " + "multiple of 4"); int bits = 0b1001_0110_0110_1001; int size = n * n; int mult = n / 4; int[][] result = new int[n][n]; for (int r = 0, i = 0; r < n; r++) { for (int c = 0; c < n; c++, i++) { int bitPos = c / mult + (r / mult) * 4; result[r][c] = (bits & (1 << bitPos)) != 0 ? i + 1 : size - i; } } return result; } }
def MagicSquareDoublyEven(order): sq = [range(1+n*order,order + (n*order)+1) for n in range(order) ] n1 = order/4 for r in range(n1): r1 = sq[r][n1:-n1] r2 = sq[order -r - 1][n1:-n1] r1.reverse() r2.reverse() sq[r][n1:-n1] = r2 sq[order -r - 1][n1:-n1] = r1 for r in range(n1, order-n1): r1 = sq[r][:n1] r2 = sq[order -r - 1][order-n1:] r1.reverse() r2.reverse() sq[r][:n1] = r2 sq[order -r - 1][order-n1:] = r1 return sq def printsq(s): n = len(s) bl = len(str(n**2))+1 for i in range(n): print ''.join( [ ("%"+str(bl)+"s")%(str(x)) for x in s[i]] ) print "\nMagic constant = %d"%sum(s[0]) printsq(MagicSquareDoublyEven(8))
Change the following Java code into Python without altering its purpose.
public class Extreme { public static void main(String[] args) { double negInf = -1.0 / 0.0; double inf = 1.0 / 0.0; double nan = 0.0 / 0.0; double negZero = -2.0 / inf; System.out.println("Negative inf: " + negInf); System.out.println("Positive inf: " + inf); System.out.println("NaN: " + nan); System.out.println("Negative 0: " + negZero); System.out.println("inf + -inf: " + (inf + negInf)); System.out.println("0 * NaN: " + (0 * nan)); System.out.println("NaN == NaN: " + (nan == nan)); } }
>>> >>> inf = 1e234 * 1e234 >>> _inf = 1e234 * -1e234 >>> _zero = 1 / _inf >>> nan = inf + _inf >>> inf, _inf, _zero, nan (inf, -inf, -0.0, nan) >>> >>> for value in (inf, _inf, _zero, nan): print (value) inf -inf -0.0 nan >>> >>> float('nan') nan >>> float('inf') inf >>> float('-inf') -inf >>> -0. -0.0 >>> >>> nan == nan False >>> nan is nan True >>> 0. == -0. True >>> 0. is -0. False >>> inf + _inf nan >>> 0.0 * nan nan >>> nan * 0.0 nan >>> 0.0 * inf nan >>> inf * 0.0 nan
Change the programming language of this snippet from Java to Python without modifying what it does.
public class Extreme { public static void main(String[] args) { double negInf = -1.0 / 0.0; double inf = 1.0 / 0.0; double nan = 0.0 / 0.0; double negZero = -2.0 / inf; System.out.println("Negative inf: " + negInf); System.out.println("Positive inf: " + inf); System.out.println("NaN: " + nan); System.out.println("Negative 0: " + negZero); System.out.println("inf + -inf: " + (inf + negInf)); System.out.println("0 * NaN: " + (0 * nan)); System.out.println("NaN == NaN: " + (nan == nan)); } }
>>> >>> inf = 1e234 * 1e234 >>> _inf = 1e234 * -1e234 >>> _zero = 1 / _inf >>> nan = inf + _inf >>> inf, _inf, _zero, nan (inf, -inf, -0.0, nan) >>> >>> for value in (inf, _inf, _zero, nan): print (value) inf -inf -0.0 nan >>> >>> float('nan') nan >>> float('inf') inf >>> float('-inf') -inf >>> -0. -0.0 >>> >>> nan == nan False >>> nan is nan True >>> 0. == -0. True >>> 0. is -0. False >>> inf + _inf nan >>> 0.0 * nan nan >>> nan * 0.0 nan >>> 0.0 * inf nan >>> inf * 0.0 nan
Change the programming language of this snippet from Java to Python without modifying what it does.
public class Extreme { public static void main(String[] args) { double negInf = -1.0 / 0.0; double inf = 1.0 / 0.0; double nan = 0.0 / 0.0; double negZero = -2.0 / inf; System.out.println("Negative inf: " + negInf); System.out.println("Positive inf: " + inf); System.out.println("NaN: " + nan); System.out.println("Negative 0: " + negZero); System.out.println("inf + -inf: " + (inf + negInf)); System.out.println("0 * NaN: " + (0 * nan)); System.out.println("NaN == NaN: " + (nan == nan)); } }
>>> >>> inf = 1e234 * 1e234 >>> _inf = 1e234 * -1e234 >>> _zero = 1 / _inf >>> nan = inf + _inf >>> inf, _inf, _zero, nan (inf, -inf, -0.0, nan) >>> >>> for value in (inf, _inf, _zero, nan): print (value) inf -inf -0.0 nan >>> >>> float('nan') nan >>> float('inf') inf >>> float('-inf') -inf >>> -0. -0.0 >>> >>> nan == nan False >>> nan is nan True >>> 0. == -0. True >>> 0. is -0. False >>> inf + _inf nan >>> 0.0 * nan nan >>> nan * 0.0 nan >>> 0.0 * inf nan >>> inf * 0.0 nan
Port the provided Java code into Python while preserving the original functionality.
public class XorShiftStar { private static final long MAGIC = Long.parseUnsignedLong("2545F4914F6CDD1D", 16); private long state; public void seed(long num) { state = num; } public int nextInt() { long x; int answer; x = state; x = x ^ (x >>> 12); x = x ^ (x << 25); x = x ^ (x >>> 27); state = x; answer = (int) ((x * MAGIC) >> 32); return answer; } public float nextFloat() { return (float) Integer.toUnsignedLong(nextInt()) / (1L << 32); } public static void main(String[] args) { var rng = new XorShiftStar(); rng.seed(1234567); System.out.println(Integer.toUnsignedString(rng.nextInt())); System.out.println(Integer.toUnsignedString(rng.nextInt())); System.out.println(Integer.toUnsignedString(rng.nextInt())); System.out.println(Integer.toUnsignedString(rng.nextInt())); System.out.println(Integer.toUnsignedString(rng.nextInt())); System.out.println(); int[] counts = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0}; rng.seed(987654321); for (int i = 0; i < 100_000; i++) { int j = (int) Math.floor(rng.nextFloat() * 5.0); counts[j]++; } for (int i = 0; i < counts.length; i++) { System.out.printf("%d: %d\n", i, counts[i]); } } }
mask64 = (1 << 64) - 1 mask32 = (1 << 32) - 1 const = 0x2545F4914F6CDD1D class Xorshift_star(): def __init__(self, seed=0): self.state = seed & mask64 def seed(self, num): self.state = num & mask64 def next_int(self): "return random int between 0 and 2**32" x = self.state x = (x ^ (x >> 12)) & mask64 x = (x ^ (x << 25)) & mask64 x = (x ^ (x >> 27)) & mask64 self.state = x answer = (((x * const) & mask64) >> 32) & mask32 return answer def next_float(self): "return random float between 0 and 1" return self.next_int() / (1 << 32) if __name__ == '__main__': random_gen = Xorshift_star() random_gen.seed(1234567) for i in range(5): print(random_gen.next_int()) random_gen.seed(987654321) hist = {i:0 for i in range(5)} for i in range(100_000): hist[int(random_gen.next_float() *5)] += 1 print(hist)
Write the same code in Python as shown below in Java.
import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; public class FourIsTheNumberOfLetters { public static void main(String[] args) { String [] words = neverEndingSentence(201); System.out.printf("Display the first 201 numbers in the sequence:%n%3d: ", 1); for ( int i = 0 ; i < words.length ; i++ ) { System.out.printf("%2d ", numberOfLetters(words[i])); if ( (i+1) % 25 == 0 ) { System.out.printf("%n%3d: ", i+2); } } System.out.printf("%nTotal number of characters in the sentence is %d%n", characterCount(words)); for ( int i = 3 ; i <= 7 ; i++ ) { int index = (int) Math.pow(10, i); words = neverEndingSentence(index); String last = words[words.length-1].replace(",", ""); System.out.printf("Number of letters of the %s word is %d. The word is \"%s\". The sentence length is %,d characters.%n", toOrdinal(index), numberOfLetters(last), last, characterCount(words)); } } @SuppressWarnings("unused") private static void displaySentence(String[] words, int lineLength) { int currentLength = 0; for ( String word : words ) { if ( word.length() + currentLength > lineLength ) { String first = word.substring(0, lineLength-currentLength); String second = word.substring(lineLength-currentLength); System.out.println(first); System.out.print(second); currentLength = second.length(); } else { System.out.print(word); currentLength += word.length(); } if ( currentLength == lineLength ) { System.out.println(); currentLength = 0; } System.out.print(" "); currentLength++; if ( currentLength == lineLength ) { System.out.println(); currentLength = 0; } } System.out.println(); } private static int numberOfLetters(String word) { return word.replace(",","").replace("-","").length(); } private static long characterCount(String[] words) { int characterCount = 0; for ( int i = 0 ; i < words.length ; i++ ) { characterCount += words[i].length() + 1; } characterCount--; return characterCount; } private static String[] startSentence = new String[] {"Four", "is", "the", "number", "of", "letters", "in", "the", "first", "word", "of", "this", "sentence,"}; private static String[] neverEndingSentence(int wordCount) { String[] words = new String[wordCount]; int index; for ( index = 0 ; index < startSentence.length && index < wordCount ; index++ ) { words[index] = startSentence[index]; } int sentencePosition = 1; while ( index < wordCount ) { sentencePosition++; String word = words[sentencePosition-1]; for ( String wordLoop : numToString(numberOfLetters(word)).split(" ") ) { words[index] = wordLoop; index++; if ( index == wordCount ) { break; } } words[index] = "in"; index++; if ( index == wordCount ) { break; } words[index] = "the"; index++; if ( index == wordCount ) { break; } for ( String wordLoop : (toOrdinal(sentencePosition) + ",").split(" ") ) { words[index] = wordLoop; index++; if ( index == wordCount ) { break; } } } return words; } private static final String[] nums = new String[] { "zero", "one", "two", "three", "four", "five", "six", "seven", "eight", "nine", "ten", "eleven", "twelve", "thirteen", "fourteen", "fifteen", "sixteen", "seventeen", "eighteen", "nineteen" }; private static final String[] tens = new String[] {"zero", "ten", "twenty", "thirty", "forty", "fifty", "sixty", "seventy", "eighty", "ninety"}; private static final String numToString(long n) { return numToStringHelper(n); } private static final String numToStringHelper(long n) { if ( n < 0 ) { return "negative " + numToStringHelper(-n); } int index = (int) n; if ( n <= 19 ) { return nums[index]; } if ( n <= 99 ) { return tens[index/10] + (n % 10 > 0 ? "-" + numToStringHelper(n % 10) : ""); } String label = null; long factor = 0; if ( n <= 999 ) { label = "hundred"; factor = 100; } else if ( n <= 999999) { label = "thousand"; factor = 1000; } else if ( n <= 999999999) { label = "million"; factor = 1000000; } else if ( n <= 999999999999L) { label = "billion"; factor = 1000000000; } else if ( n <= 999999999999999L) { label = "trillion"; factor = 1000000000000L; } else if ( n <= 999999999999999999L) { label = "quadrillion"; factor = 1000000000000000L; } else { label = "quintillion"; factor = 1000000000000000000L; } return numToStringHelper(n / factor) + " " + label + (n % factor > 0 ? " " + numToStringHelper(n % factor ) : ""); } private static Map<String,String> ordinalMap = new HashMap<>(); static { ordinalMap.put("one", "first"); ordinalMap.put("two", "second"); ordinalMap.put("three", "third"); ordinalMap.put("five", "fifth"); ordinalMap.put("eight", "eighth"); ordinalMap.put("nine", "ninth"); ordinalMap.put("twelve", "twelfth"); } private static String toOrdinal(long n) { String spelling = numToString(n); String[] split = spelling.split(" "); String last = split[split.length - 1]; String replace = ""; if ( last.contains("-") ) { String[] lastSplit = last.split("-"); String lastWithDash = lastSplit[1]; String lastReplace = ""; if ( ordinalMap.containsKey(lastWithDash) ) { lastReplace = ordinalMap.get(lastWithDash); } else if ( lastWithDash.endsWith("y") ) { lastReplace = lastWithDash.substring(0, lastWithDash.length() - 1) + "ieth"; } else { lastReplace = lastWithDash + "th"; } replace = lastSplit[0] + "-" + lastReplace; } else { if ( ordinalMap.containsKey(last) ) { replace = ordinalMap.get(last); } else if ( last.endsWith("y") ) { replace = last.substring(0, last.length() - 1) + "ieth"; } else { replace = last + "th"; } } split[split.length - 1] = replace; return String.join(" ", split); } }
import inflect def count_letters(word): count = 0 for letter in word: if letter != ',' and letter !='-' and letter !=' ': count += 1 return count def split_with_spaces(sentence): sentence_list = [] curr_word = "" for c in sentence: if c == " " and curr_word != "": sentence_list.append(curr_word+" ") curr_word = "" else: curr_word += c if len(curr_word) > 0: sentence_list.append(curr_word) return sentence_list def my_num_to_words(p, my_number): number_string_list = p.number_to_words(my_number, wantlist=True, andword='') number_string = number_string_list[0] for i in range(1,len(number_string_list)): number_string += " " + number_string_list[i] return number_string def build_sentence(p, max_words): sentence_list = split_with_spaces("Four is the number of letters in the first word of this sentence,") num_words = 13 word_number = 2 while num_words < max_words: ordinal_string = my_num_to_words(p, p.ordinal(word_number)) word_number_string = my_num_to_words(p, count_letters(sentence_list[word_number - 1])) new_string = " "+word_number_string+" in the "+ordinal_string+"," new_list = split_with_spaces(new_string) sentence_list += new_list num_words += len(new_list) word_number += 1 return sentence_list, num_words def word_and_counts(word_num): sentence_list, num_words = build_sentence(p, word_num) word_str = sentence_list[word_num - 1].strip(' ,') num_letters = len(word_str) num_characters = 0 for word in sentence_list: num_characters += len(word) print('Word {0:8d} is "{1}", with {2} letters. Length of the sentence so far: {3} '.format(word_num,word_str,num_letters,num_characters)) p = inflect.engine() sentence_list, num_words = build_sentence(p, 201) print(" ") print("The lengths of the first 201 words are:") print(" ") print('{0:3d}: '.format(1),end='') total_characters = 0 for word_index in range(201): word_length = count_letters(sentence_list[word_index]) total_characters += len(sentence_list[word_index]) print('{0:2d}'.format(word_length),end='') if (word_index+1) % 20 == 0: print(" ") print('{0:3d}: '.format(word_index + 2),end='') else: print(" ",end='') print(" ") print(" ") print("Length of the sentence so far: "+str(total_characters)) print(" ") word_and_counts(1000) word_and_counts(10000) word_and_counts(100000) word_and_counts(1000000) word_and_counts(10000000)
Port the following code from Java to Python with equivalent syntax and logic.
import java.math.BigInteger; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.LinkedHashMap; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; public class AsciiArtDiagramConverter { private static final String TEST = "+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+\r\n" + "| ID |\r\n" + "+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+\r\n" + "|QR| Opcode |AA|TC|RD|RA| Z | RCODE |\r\n" + "+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+\r\n" + "| QDCOUNT |\r\n" + "+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+\r\n" + "| ANCOUNT |\r\n" + "+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+\r\n" + "| NSCOUNT |\r\n" + "+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+\r\n" + "| ARCOUNT |\r\n" + "+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+"; public static void main(String[] args) { validate(TEST); display(TEST); Map<String,List<Integer>> asciiMap = decode(TEST); displayMap(asciiMap); displayCode(asciiMap, "78477bbf5496e12e1bf169a4"); } private static void displayCode(Map<String,List<Integer>> asciiMap, String hex) { System.out.printf("%nTest string in hex:%n%s%n%n", hex); String bin = new BigInteger(hex,16).toString(2); int length = 0; for ( String code : asciiMap.keySet() ) { List<Integer> pos = asciiMap.get(code); length += pos.get(1) - pos.get(0) + 1; } while ( length > bin.length() ) { bin = "0" + bin; } System.out.printf("Test string in binary:%n%s%n%n", bin); System.out.printf("Name Size Bit Pattern%n"); System.out.printf("-------- ----- -----------%n"); for ( String code : asciiMap.keySet() ) { List<Integer> pos = asciiMap.get(code); int start = pos.get(0); int end = pos.get(1); System.out.printf("%-8s %2d %s%n", code, end-start+1, bin.substring(start, end+1)); } } private static void display(String ascii) { System.out.printf("%nDiagram:%n%n"); for ( String s : TEST.split("\\r\\n") ) { System.out.println(s); } } private static void displayMap(Map<String,List<Integer>> asciiMap) { System.out.printf("%nDecode:%n%n"); System.out.printf("Name Size Start End%n"); System.out.printf("-------- ----- ----- -----%n"); for ( String code : asciiMap.keySet() ) { List<Integer> pos = asciiMap.get(code); System.out.printf("%-8s %2d %2d %2d%n", code, pos.get(1)-pos.get(0)+1, pos.get(0), pos.get(1)); } } private static Map<String,List<Integer>> decode(String ascii) { Map<String,List<Integer>> map = new LinkedHashMap<>(); String[] split = TEST.split("\\r\\n"); int size = split[0].indexOf("+", 1) - split[0].indexOf("+"); int length = split[0].length() - 1; for ( int i = 1 ; i < split.length ; i += 2 ) { int barIndex = 1; String test = split[i]; int next; while ( barIndex < length && (next = test.indexOf("|", barIndex)) > 0 ) { List<Integer> startEnd = new ArrayList<>(); startEnd.add((barIndex/size) + (i/2)*(length/size)); startEnd.add(((next-1)/size) + (i/2)*(length/size)); String code = test.substring(barIndex, next).replace(" ", ""); map.put(code, startEnd); barIndex = next + 1; } } return map; } private static void validate(String ascii) { String[] split = TEST.split("\\r\\n"); if ( split.length % 2 != 1 ) { throw new RuntimeException("ERROR 1: Invalid number of input lines. Line count = " + split.length); } int size = 0; for ( int i = 0 ; i < split.length ; i++ ) { String test = split[i]; if ( i % 2 == 0 ) { if ( ! test.matches("^\\+([-]+\\+)+$") ) { throw new RuntimeException("ERROR 2: Improper line format. Line = " + test); } if ( size == 0 ) { int firstPlus = test.indexOf("+"); int secondPlus = test.indexOf("+", 1); size = secondPlus - firstPlus; } if ( ((test.length()-1) % size) != 0 ) { throw new RuntimeException("ERROR 3: Improper line format. Line = " + test); } for ( int j = 0 ; j < test.length()-1 ; j += size ) { if ( test.charAt(j) != '+' ) { throw new RuntimeException("ERROR 4: Improper line format. Line = " + test); } for ( int k = j+1 ; k < j + size ; k++ ) { if ( test.charAt(k) != '-' ) { throw new RuntimeException("ERROR 5: Improper line format. Line = " + test); } } } } else { if ( ! test.matches("^\\|(\\s*[A-Za-z]+\\s*\\|)+$") ) { throw new RuntimeException("ERROR 6: Improper line format. Line = " + test); } for ( int j = 0 ; j < test.length()-1 ; j += size ) { for ( int k = j+1 ; k < j + size ; k++ ) { if ( test.charAt(k) == '|' ) { throw new RuntimeException("ERROR 7: Improper line format. Line = " + test); } } } } } } }
def validate(diagram): rawlines = diagram.splitlines() lines = [] for line in rawlines: if line != '': lines.append(line) if len(lines) == 0: print('diagram has no non-empty lines!') return None width = len(lines[0]) cols = (width - 1) // 3 if cols not in [8, 16, 32, 64]: print('number of columns should be 8, 16, 32 or 64') return None if len(lines)%2 == 0: print('number of non-empty lines should be odd') return None if lines[0] != (('+--' * cols)+'+'): print('incorrect header line') return None for i in range(len(lines)): line=lines[i] if i == 0: continue elif i%2 == 0: if line != lines[0]: print('incorrect separator line') return None elif len(line) != width: print('inconsistent line widths') return None elif line[0] != '|' or line[width-1] != '|': print("non-separator lines must begin and end with '|'") return None return lines def decode(lines): print("Name Bits Start End") print("======= ==== ===== ===") startbit = 0 results = [] for line in lines: infield=False for c in line: if not infield and c == '|': infield = True spaces = 0 name = '' elif infield: if c == ' ': spaces += 1 elif c != '|': name += c else: bits = (spaces + len(name) + 1) // 3 endbit = startbit + bits - 1 print('{0:7} {1:2d} {2:2d} {3:2d}'.format(name, bits, startbit, endbit)) reslist = [name, bits, startbit, endbit] results.append(reslist) spaces = 0 name = '' startbit += bits return results def unpack(results, hex): print("\nTest string in hex:") print(hex) print("\nTest string in binary:") bin = f'{int(hex, 16):0>{4*len(hex)}b}' print(bin) print("\nUnpacked:\n") print("Name Size Bit pattern") print("======= ==== ================") for r in results: name = r[0] size = r[1] startbit = r[2] endbit = r[3] bitpattern = bin[startbit:endbit+1] print('{0:7} {1:2d} {2:16}'.format(name, size, bitpattern)) diagram = lines = validate(diagram) if lines == None: print("No lines returned") else: print(" ") print("Diagram after trimming whitespace and removal of blank lines:") print(" ") for line in lines: print(line) print(" ") print("Decoded:") print(" ") results = decode(lines) hex = "78477bbf5496e12e1bf169a4" unpack(results, hex)
Write the same algorithm in Python as shown in this Java implementation.
public class LevenshteinAlignment { public static String[] alignment(String a, String b) { a = a.toLowerCase(); b = b.toLowerCase(); int[][] costs = new int[a.length()+1][b.length()+1]; for (int j = 0; j <= b.length(); j++) costs[0][j] = j; for (int i = 1; i <= a.length(); i++) { costs[i][0] = i; for (int j = 1; j <= b.length(); j++) { costs[i][j] = Math.min(1 + Math.min(costs[i-1][j], costs[i][j-1]), a.charAt(i - 1) == b.charAt(j - 1) ? costs[i-1][j-1] : costs[i-1][j-1] + 1); } } StringBuilder aPathRev = new StringBuilder(); StringBuilder bPathRev = new StringBuilder(); for (int i = a.length(), j = b.length(); i != 0 && j != 0; ) { if (costs[i][j] == (a.charAt(i - 1) == b.charAt(j - 1) ? costs[i-1][j-1] : costs[i-1][j-1] + 1)) { aPathRev.append(a.charAt(--i)); bPathRev.append(b.charAt(--j)); } else if (costs[i][j] == 1 + costs[i-1][j]) { aPathRev.append(a.charAt(--i)); bPathRev.append('-'); } else if (costs[i][j] == 1 + costs[i][j-1]) { aPathRev.append('-'); bPathRev.append(b.charAt(--j)); } } return new String[]{aPathRev.reverse().toString(), bPathRev.reverse().toString()}; } public static void main(String[] args) { String[] result = alignment("rosettacode", "raisethysword"); System.out.println(result[0]); System.out.println(result[1]); } }
from difflib import ndiff def levenshtein(str1, str2): result = "" pos, removed = 0, 0 for x in ndiff(str1, str2): if pos<len(str1) and str1[pos] == x[2]: pos += 1 result += x[2] if x[0] == "-": removed += 1 continue else: if removed > 0: removed -=1 else: result += "-" print(result) levenshtein("place","palace") levenshtein("rosettacode","raisethysword")
Convert this Java block to Python, preserving its control flow and logic.
import java.util.*; class SameFringe { public interface Node<T extends Comparable<? super T>> { Node<T> getLeft(); Node<T> getRight(); boolean isLeaf(); T getData(); } public static class SimpleNode<T extends Comparable<? super T>> implements Node<T> { private final T data; public SimpleNode<T> left; public SimpleNode<T> right; public SimpleNode(T data) { this(data, null, null); } public SimpleNode(T data, SimpleNode<T> left, SimpleNode<T> right) { this.data = data; this.left = left; this.right = right; } public Node<T> getLeft() { return left; } public Node<T> getRight() { return right; } public boolean isLeaf() { return ((left == null) && (right == null)); } public T getData() { return data; } public SimpleNode<T> addToTree(T data) { int cmp = data.compareTo(this.data); if (cmp == 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Same data!"); if (cmp < 0) { if (left == null) return (left = new SimpleNode<T>(data)); return left.addToTree(data); } if (right == null) return (right = new SimpleNode<T>(data)); return right.addToTree(data); } } public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> boolean areLeavesSame(Node<T> node1, Node<T> node2) { Stack<Node<T>> stack1 = new Stack<Node<T>>(); Stack<Node<T>> stack2 = new Stack<Node<T>>(); stack1.push(node1); stack2.push(node2); while (((node1 = advanceToLeaf(stack1)) != null) & ((node2 = advanceToLeaf(stack2)) != null)) if (!node1.getData().equals(node2.getData())) return false; return (node1 == null) && (node2 == null); } private static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> Node<T> advanceToLeaf(Stack<Node<T>> stack) { while (!stack.isEmpty()) { Node<T> node = stack.pop(); if (node.isLeaf()) return node; Node<T> rightNode = node.getRight(); if (rightNode != null) stack.push(rightNode); Node<T> leftNode = node.getLeft(); if (leftNode != null) stack.push(leftNode); } return null; } public static void main(String[] args) { SimpleNode<Integer> headNode1 = new SimpleNode<Integer>(35, new SimpleNode<Integer>(25, new SimpleNode<Integer>(15, new SimpleNode<Integer>(10), new SimpleNode<Integer>(20)), new SimpleNode<Integer>(30)), new SimpleNode<Integer>(45, new SimpleNode<Integer>(40), new SimpleNode<Integer>(50))); SimpleNode<Integer> headNode2 = new SimpleNode<Integer>(24, new SimpleNode<Integer>(14, new SimpleNode<Integer>(10), new SimpleNode<Integer>(16, null, new SimpleNode<Integer>(20))), new SimpleNode<Integer>(34, new SimpleNode<Integer>(30), new SimpleNode<Integer>(42, new SimpleNode<Integer>(40), new SimpleNode<Integer>(56, new SimpleNode<Integer>(50), null)))); SimpleNode<Integer> headNode3 = new SimpleNode<Integer>(24, new SimpleNode<Integer>(14, new SimpleNode<Integer>(10), new SimpleNode<Integer>(16, null, new SimpleNode<Integer>(20))), new SimpleNode<Integer>(34, new SimpleNode<Integer>(30), new SimpleNode<Integer>(42, new SimpleNode<Integer>(40), new SimpleNode<Integer>(50, null, new SimpleNode<Integer>(56))))); System.out.print("Leaves for set 1: "); simpleWalk(headNode1); System.out.println(); System.out.print("Leaves for set 2: "); simpleWalk(headNode2); System.out.println(); System.out.print("Leaves for set 3: "); simpleWalk(headNode3); System.out.println(); System.out.println("areLeavesSame(1, 2)? " + areLeavesSame(headNode1, headNode2)); System.out.println("areLeavesSame(2, 3)? " + areLeavesSame(headNode2, headNode3)); } public static void simpleWalk(Node<Integer> node) { if (node.isLeaf()) System.out.print(node.getData() + " "); else { Node<Integer> left = node.getLeft(); if (left != null) simpleWalk(left); Node<Integer> right = node.getRight(); if (right != null) simpleWalk(right); } } }
try: from itertools import zip_longest as izip_longest except: from itertools import izip_longest def fringe(tree): for node1 in tree: if isinstance(node1, tuple): for node2 in fringe(node1): yield node2 else: yield node1 def same_fringe(tree1, tree2): return all(node1 == node2 for node1, node2 in izip_longest(fringe(tree1), fringe(tree2))) if __name__ == '__main__': a = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 b = 1, (( 2, 3 ), (4, (5, ((6, 7), 8)))) c = (((1, 2), 3), 4), 5, 6, 7, 8 x = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 y = 0, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 z = 1, 2, (4, 3), 5, 6, 7, 8 assert same_fringe(a, a) assert same_fringe(a, b) assert same_fringe(a, c) assert not same_fringe(a, x) assert not same_fringe(a, y) assert not same_fringe(a, z)
Write the same algorithm in Python as shown in this Java implementation.
import java.util.*; class SameFringe { public interface Node<T extends Comparable<? super T>> { Node<T> getLeft(); Node<T> getRight(); boolean isLeaf(); T getData(); } public static class SimpleNode<T extends Comparable<? super T>> implements Node<T> { private final T data; public SimpleNode<T> left; public SimpleNode<T> right; public SimpleNode(T data) { this(data, null, null); } public SimpleNode(T data, SimpleNode<T> left, SimpleNode<T> right) { this.data = data; this.left = left; this.right = right; } public Node<T> getLeft() { return left; } public Node<T> getRight() { return right; } public boolean isLeaf() { return ((left == null) && (right == null)); } public T getData() { return data; } public SimpleNode<T> addToTree(T data) { int cmp = data.compareTo(this.data); if (cmp == 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Same data!"); if (cmp < 0) { if (left == null) return (left = new SimpleNode<T>(data)); return left.addToTree(data); } if (right == null) return (right = new SimpleNode<T>(data)); return right.addToTree(data); } } public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> boolean areLeavesSame(Node<T> node1, Node<T> node2) { Stack<Node<T>> stack1 = new Stack<Node<T>>(); Stack<Node<T>> stack2 = new Stack<Node<T>>(); stack1.push(node1); stack2.push(node2); while (((node1 = advanceToLeaf(stack1)) != null) & ((node2 = advanceToLeaf(stack2)) != null)) if (!node1.getData().equals(node2.getData())) return false; return (node1 == null) && (node2 == null); } private static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> Node<T> advanceToLeaf(Stack<Node<T>> stack) { while (!stack.isEmpty()) { Node<T> node = stack.pop(); if (node.isLeaf()) return node; Node<T> rightNode = node.getRight(); if (rightNode != null) stack.push(rightNode); Node<T> leftNode = node.getLeft(); if (leftNode != null) stack.push(leftNode); } return null; } public static void main(String[] args) { SimpleNode<Integer> headNode1 = new SimpleNode<Integer>(35, new SimpleNode<Integer>(25, new SimpleNode<Integer>(15, new SimpleNode<Integer>(10), new SimpleNode<Integer>(20)), new SimpleNode<Integer>(30)), new SimpleNode<Integer>(45, new SimpleNode<Integer>(40), new SimpleNode<Integer>(50))); SimpleNode<Integer> headNode2 = new SimpleNode<Integer>(24, new SimpleNode<Integer>(14, new SimpleNode<Integer>(10), new SimpleNode<Integer>(16, null, new SimpleNode<Integer>(20))), new SimpleNode<Integer>(34, new SimpleNode<Integer>(30), new SimpleNode<Integer>(42, new SimpleNode<Integer>(40), new SimpleNode<Integer>(56, new SimpleNode<Integer>(50), null)))); SimpleNode<Integer> headNode3 = new SimpleNode<Integer>(24, new SimpleNode<Integer>(14, new SimpleNode<Integer>(10), new SimpleNode<Integer>(16, null, new SimpleNode<Integer>(20))), new SimpleNode<Integer>(34, new SimpleNode<Integer>(30), new SimpleNode<Integer>(42, new SimpleNode<Integer>(40), new SimpleNode<Integer>(50, null, new SimpleNode<Integer>(56))))); System.out.print("Leaves for set 1: "); simpleWalk(headNode1); System.out.println(); System.out.print("Leaves for set 2: "); simpleWalk(headNode2); System.out.println(); System.out.print("Leaves for set 3: "); simpleWalk(headNode3); System.out.println(); System.out.println("areLeavesSame(1, 2)? " + areLeavesSame(headNode1, headNode2)); System.out.println("areLeavesSame(2, 3)? " + areLeavesSame(headNode2, headNode3)); } public static void simpleWalk(Node<Integer> node) { if (node.isLeaf()) System.out.print(node.getData() + " "); else { Node<Integer> left = node.getLeft(); if (left != null) simpleWalk(left); Node<Integer> right = node.getRight(); if (right != null) simpleWalk(right); } } }
try: from itertools import zip_longest as izip_longest except: from itertools import izip_longest def fringe(tree): for node1 in tree: if isinstance(node1, tuple): for node2 in fringe(node1): yield node2 else: yield node1 def same_fringe(tree1, tree2): return all(node1 == node2 for node1, node2 in izip_longest(fringe(tree1), fringe(tree2))) if __name__ == '__main__': a = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 b = 1, (( 2, 3 ), (4, (5, ((6, 7), 8)))) c = (((1, 2), 3), 4), 5, 6, 7, 8 x = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 y = 0, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 z = 1, 2, (4, 3), 5, 6, 7, 8 assert same_fringe(a, a) assert same_fringe(a, b) assert same_fringe(a, c) assert not same_fringe(a, x) assert not same_fringe(a, y) assert not same_fringe(a, z)
Port the following code from Java to Python with equivalent syntax and logic.
import java.awt.Robot public static void type(String str){ Robot robot = new Robot(); for(char ch:str.toCharArray()){ if(Character.isUpperCase(ch)){ robot.keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_SHIFT); robot.keyPress((int)ch); robot.keyRelease((int)ch); robot.keyRelease(KeyEvent.VK_SHIFT); }else{ char upCh = Character.toUpperCase(ch); robot.keyPress((int)upCh); robot.keyRelease((int)upCh); } } }
import autopy autopy.key.type_string("Hello, world!") autopy.key.type_string("Hello, world!", wpm=60) autopy.key.tap(autopy.key.Code.RETURN) autopy.key.tap(autopy.key.Code.F1) autopy.key.tap(autopy.key.Code.LEFT_ARROW)
Translate this program into Python but keep the logic exactly as in Java.
import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.List; public class Peaceful { enum Piece { Empty, Black, White, } public static class Position { public int x, y; public Position(int x, int y) { this.x = x; this.y = y; } @Override public boolean equals(Object obj) { if (obj instanceof Position) { Position pos = (Position) obj; return pos.x == x && pos.y == y; } return false; } } private static boolean place(int m, int n, List<Position> pBlackQueens, List<Position> pWhiteQueens) { if (m == 0) { return true; } boolean placingBlack = true; for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { inner: for (int j = 0; j < n; ++j) { Position pos = new Position(i, j); for (Position queen : pBlackQueens) { if (pos.equals(queen) || !placingBlack && isAttacking(queen, pos)) { continue inner; } } for (Position queen : pWhiteQueens) { if (pos.equals(queen) || placingBlack && isAttacking(queen, pos)) { continue inner; } } if (placingBlack) { pBlackQueens.add(pos); placingBlack = false; } else { pWhiteQueens.add(pos); if (place(m - 1, n, pBlackQueens, pWhiteQueens)) { return true; } pBlackQueens.remove(pBlackQueens.size() - 1); pWhiteQueens.remove(pWhiteQueens.size() - 1); placingBlack = true; } } } if (!placingBlack) { pBlackQueens.remove(pBlackQueens.size() - 1); } return false; } private static boolean isAttacking(Position queen, Position pos) { return queen.x == pos.x || queen.y == pos.y || Math.abs(queen.x - pos.x) == Math.abs(queen.y - pos.y); } private static void printBoard(int n, List<Position> blackQueens, List<Position> whiteQueens) { Piece[] board = new Piece[n * n]; Arrays.fill(board, Piece.Empty); for (Position queen : blackQueens) { board[queen.x + n * queen.y] = Piece.Black; } for (Position queen : whiteQueens) { board[queen.x + n * queen.y] = Piece.White; } for (int i = 0; i < board.length; ++i) { if ((i != 0) && i % n == 0) { System.out.println(); } Piece b = board[i]; if (b == Piece.Black) { System.out.print("B "); } else if (b == Piece.White) { System.out.print("W "); } else { int j = i / n; int k = i - j * n; if (j % 2 == k % 2) { System.out.print("• "); } else { System.out.print("◦ "); } } } System.out.println('\n'); } public static void main(String[] args) { List<Position> nms = List.of( new Position(2, 1), new Position(3, 1), new Position(3, 2), new Position(4, 1), new Position(4, 2), new Position(4, 3), new Position(5, 1), new Position(5, 2), new Position(5, 3), new Position(5, 4), new Position(5, 5), new Position(6, 1), new Position(6, 2), new Position(6, 3), new Position(6, 4), new Position(6, 5), new Position(6, 6), new Position(7, 1), new Position(7, 2), new Position(7, 3), new Position(7, 4), new Position(7, 5), new Position(7, 6), new Position(7, 7) ); for (Position nm : nms) { int m = nm.y; int n = nm.x; System.out.printf("%d black and %d white queens on a %d x %d board:\n", m, m, n, n); List<Position> blackQueens = new ArrayList<>(); List<Position> whiteQueens = new ArrayList<>(); if (place(m, n, blackQueens, whiteQueens)) { printBoard(n, blackQueens, whiteQueens); } else { System.out.println("No solution exists.\n"); } } } }
from itertools import combinations, product, count from functools import lru_cache, reduce _bbullet, _wbullet = '\u2022\u25E6' _or = set.__or__ def place(m, n): "Place m black and white queens, peacefully, on an n-by-n board" board = set(product(range(n), repeat=2)) placements = {frozenset(c) for c in combinations(board, m)} for blacks in placements: black_attacks = reduce(_or, (queen_attacks_from(pos, n) for pos in blacks), set()) for whites in {frozenset(c) for c in combinations(board - black_attacks, m)}: if not black_attacks & whites: return blacks, whites return set(), set() @lru_cache(maxsize=None) def queen_attacks_from(pos, n): x0, y0 = pos a = set([pos]) a.update((x, y0) for x in range(n)) a.update((x0, y) for y in range(n)) for x1 in range(n): y1 = y0 -x0 +x1 if 0 <= y1 < n: a.add((x1, y1)) y1 = y0 +x0 -x1 if 0 <= y1 < n: a.add((x1, y1)) return a def pboard(black_white, n): "Print board" if black_white is None: blk, wht = set(), set() else: blk, wht = black_white print(f" f"on a {n}-by-{n} board:", end='') for x, y in product(range(n), repeat=2): if y == 0: print() xy = (x, y) ch = ('?' if xy in blk and xy in wht else 'B' if xy in blk else 'W' if xy in wht else _bbullet if (x + y)%2 else _wbullet) print('%s' % ch, end='') print() if __name__ == '__main__': n=2 for n in range(2, 7): print() for m in count(1): ans = place(m, n) if ans[0]: pboard(ans, n) else: print (f" break print('\n') m, n = 5, 7 ans = place(m, n) pboard(ans, n)
Change the programming language of this snippet from Java to Python without modifying what it does.
import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.List; public class Peaceful { enum Piece { Empty, Black, White, } public static class Position { public int x, y; public Position(int x, int y) { this.x = x; this.y = y; } @Override public boolean equals(Object obj) { if (obj instanceof Position) { Position pos = (Position) obj; return pos.x == x && pos.y == y; } return false; } } private static boolean place(int m, int n, List<Position> pBlackQueens, List<Position> pWhiteQueens) { if (m == 0) { return true; } boolean placingBlack = true; for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { inner: for (int j = 0; j < n; ++j) { Position pos = new Position(i, j); for (Position queen : pBlackQueens) { if (pos.equals(queen) || !placingBlack && isAttacking(queen, pos)) { continue inner; } } for (Position queen : pWhiteQueens) { if (pos.equals(queen) || placingBlack && isAttacking(queen, pos)) { continue inner; } } if (placingBlack) { pBlackQueens.add(pos); placingBlack = false; } else { pWhiteQueens.add(pos); if (place(m - 1, n, pBlackQueens, pWhiteQueens)) { return true; } pBlackQueens.remove(pBlackQueens.size() - 1); pWhiteQueens.remove(pWhiteQueens.size() - 1); placingBlack = true; } } } if (!placingBlack) { pBlackQueens.remove(pBlackQueens.size() - 1); } return false; } private static boolean isAttacking(Position queen, Position pos) { return queen.x == pos.x || queen.y == pos.y || Math.abs(queen.x - pos.x) == Math.abs(queen.y - pos.y); } private static void printBoard(int n, List<Position> blackQueens, List<Position> whiteQueens) { Piece[] board = new Piece[n * n]; Arrays.fill(board, Piece.Empty); for (Position queen : blackQueens) { board[queen.x + n * queen.y] = Piece.Black; } for (Position queen : whiteQueens) { board[queen.x + n * queen.y] = Piece.White; } for (int i = 0; i < board.length; ++i) { if ((i != 0) && i % n == 0) { System.out.println(); } Piece b = board[i]; if (b == Piece.Black) { System.out.print("B "); } else if (b == Piece.White) { System.out.print("W "); } else { int j = i / n; int k = i - j * n; if (j % 2 == k % 2) { System.out.print("• "); } else { System.out.print("◦ "); } } } System.out.println('\n'); } public static void main(String[] args) { List<Position> nms = List.of( new Position(2, 1), new Position(3, 1), new Position(3, 2), new Position(4, 1), new Position(4, 2), new Position(4, 3), new Position(5, 1), new Position(5, 2), new Position(5, 3), new Position(5, 4), new Position(5, 5), new Position(6, 1), new Position(6, 2), new Position(6, 3), new Position(6, 4), new Position(6, 5), new Position(6, 6), new Position(7, 1), new Position(7, 2), new Position(7, 3), new Position(7, 4), new Position(7, 5), new Position(7, 6), new Position(7, 7) ); for (Position nm : nms) { int m = nm.y; int n = nm.x; System.out.printf("%d black and %d white queens on a %d x %d board:\n", m, m, n, n); List<Position> blackQueens = new ArrayList<>(); List<Position> whiteQueens = new ArrayList<>(); if (place(m, n, blackQueens, whiteQueens)) { printBoard(n, blackQueens, whiteQueens); } else { System.out.println("No solution exists.\n"); } } } }
from itertools import combinations, product, count from functools import lru_cache, reduce _bbullet, _wbullet = '\u2022\u25E6' _or = set.__or__ def place(m, n): "Place m black and white queens, peacefully, on an n-by-n board" board = set(product(range(n), repeat=2)) placements = {frozenset(c) for c in combinations(board, m)} for blacks in placements: black_attacks = reduce(_or, (queen_attacks_from(pos, n) for pos in blacks), set()) for whites in {frozenset(c) for c in combinations(board - black_attacks, m)}: if not black_attacks & whites: return blacks, whites return set(), set() @lru_cache(maxsize=None) def queen_attacks_from(pos, n): x0, y0 = pos a = set([pos]) a.update((x, y0) for x in range(n)) a.update((x0, y) for y in range(n)) for x1 in range(n): y1 = y0 -x0 +x1 if 0 <= y1 < n: a.add((x1, y1)) y1 = y0 +x0 -x1 if 0 <= y1 < n: a.add((x1, y1)) return a def pboard(black_white, n): "Print board" if black_white is None: blk, wht = set(), set() else: blk, wht = black_white print(f" f"on a {n}-by-{n} board:", end='') for x, y in product(range(n), repeat=2): if y == 0: print() xy = (x, y) ch = ('?' if xy in blk and xy in wht else 'B' if xy in blk else 'W' if xy in wht else _bbullet if (x + y)%2 else _wbullet) print('%s' % ch, end='') print() if __name__ == '__main__': n=2 for n in range(2, 7): print() for m in count(1): ans = place(m, n) if ans[0]: pboard(ans, n) else: print (f" break print('\n') m, n = 5, 7 ans = place(m, n) pboard(ans, n)
Produce a functionally identical Python code for the snippet given in Java.
import java.util.LinkedList; import java.util.List; public class MTF{ public static List<Integer> encode(String msg, String symTable){ List<Integer> output = new LinkedList<Integer>(); StringBuilder s = new StringBuilder(symTable); for(char c : msg.toCharArray()){ int idx = s.indexOf("" + c); output.add(idx); s = s.deleteCharAt(idx).insert(0, c); } return output; } public static String decode(List<Integer> idxs, String symTable){ StringBuilder output = new StringBuilder(); StringBuilder s = new StringBuilder(symTable); for(int idx : idxs){ char c = s.charAt(idx); output = output.append(c); s = s.deleteCharAt(idx).insert(0, c); } return output.toString(); } private static void test(String toEncode, String symTable){ List<Integer> encoded = encode(toEncode, symTable); System.out.println(toEncode + ": " + encoded); String decoded = decode(encoded, symTable); System.out.println((toEncode.equals(decoded) ? "" : "in") + "correctly decoded to " + decoded); } public static void main(String[] args){ String symTable = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"; test("broood", symTable); test("bananaaa", symTable); test("hiphophiphop", symTable); } }
from __future__ import print_function from string import ascii_lowercase SYMBOLTABLE = list(ascii_lowercase) def move2front_encode(strng, symboltable): sequence, pad = [], symboltable[::] for char in strng: indx = pad.index(char) sequence.append(indx) pad = [pad.pop(indx)] + pad return sequence def move2front_decode(sequence, symboltable): chars, pad = [], symboltable[::] for indx in sequence: char = pad[indx] chars.append(char) pad = [pad.pop(indx)] + pad return ''.join(chars) if __name__ == '__main__': for s in ['broood', 'bananaaa', 'hiphophiphop']: encode = move2front_encode(s, SYMBOLTABLE) print('%14r encodes to %r' % (s, encode), end=', ') decode = move2front_decode(encode, SYMBOLTABLE) print('which decodes back to %r' % decode) assert s == decode, 'Whoops!'
Change the following Java code into Python without altering its purpose.
import java.util.LinkedList; import java.util.List; public class MTF{ public static List<Integer> encode(String msg, String symTable){ List<Integer> output = new LinkedList<Integer>(); StringBuilder s = new StringBuilder(symTable); for(char c : msg.toCharArray()){ int idx = s.indexOf("" + c); output.add(idx); s = s.deleteCharAt(idx).insert(0, c); } return output; } public static String decode(List<Integer> idxs, String symTable){ StringBuilder output = new StringBuilder(); StringBuilder s = new StringBuilder(symTable); for(int idx : idxs){ char c = s.charAt(idx); output = output.append(c); s = s.deleteCharAt(idx).insert(0, c); } return output.toString(); } private static void test(String toEncode, String symTable){ List<Integer> encoded = encode(toEncode, symTable); System.out.println(toEncode + ": " + encoded); String decoded = decode(encoded, symTable); System.out.println((toEncode.equals(decoded) ? "" : "in") + "correctly decoded to " + decoded); } public static void main(String[] args){ String symTable = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"; test("broood", symTable); test("bananaaa", symTable); test("hiphophiphop", symTable); } }
from __future__ import print_function from string import ascii_lowercase SYMBOLTABLE = list(ascii_lowercase) def move2front_encode(strng, symboltable): sequence, pad = [], symboltable[::] for char in strng: indx = pad.index(char) sequence.append(indx) pad = [pad.pop(indx)] + pad return sequence def move2front_decode(sequence, symboltable): chars, pad = [], symboltable[::] for indx in sequence: char = pad[indx] chars.append(char) pad = [pad.pop(indx)] + pad return ''.join(chars) if __name__ == '__main__': for s in ['broood', 'bananaaa', 'hiphophiphop']: encode = move2front_encode(s, SYMBOLTABLE) print('%14r encodes to %r' % (s, encode), end=', ') decode = move2front_decode(encode, SYMBOLTABLE) print('which decodes back to %r' % decode) assert s == decode, 'Whoops!'
Maintain the same structure and functionality when rewriting this code in Python.
import java.io.IOException; import org.apache.directory.api.ldap.model.cursor.CursorException; import org.apache.directory.api.ldap.model.cursor.EntryCursor; import org.apache.directory.api.ldap.model.entry.Entry; import org.apache.directory.api.ldap.model.exception.LdapException; import org.apache.directory.api.ldap.model.message.SearchScope; import org.apache.directory.ldap.client.api.LdapConnection; import org.apache.directory.ldap.client.api.LdapNetworkConnection; public class LdapSearchDemo { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, LdapException, CursorException { new LdapSearchDemo().demonstrateSearch(); } private void demonstrateSearch() throws IOException, LdapException, CursorException { try (LdapConnection conn = new LdapNetworkConnection("localhost", 11389)) { conn.bind("uid=admin,ou=system", "********"); search(conn, "*mil*"); conn.unBind(); } } private void search(LdapConnection connection, String uid) throws LdapException, CursorException { String baseDn = "ou=users,o=mojo"; String filter = "(&(objectClass=person)(&(uid=" + uid + ")))"; SearchScope scope = SearchScope.SUBTREE; String[] attributes = {"dn", "cn", "sn", "uid"}; int ksearch = 0; EntryCursor cursor = connection.search(baseDn, filter, scope, attributes); while (cursor.next()) { ksearch++; Entry entry = cursor.get(); System.out.printf("Search entry %d = %s%n", ksearch, entry); } } }
Import-Module ActiveDirectory $searchData = "user name" $searchBase = "DC=example,DC=com" get-aduser -Filter((DistinguishedName -eq $searchdata) -or (UserPrincipalName -eq $searchdata) -or (SamAccountName -eq $searchdata)) -SearchBase $searchBase
Rewrite the snippet below in Python so it works the same as the original Java code.
import Jama.Matrix; public class SingularValueDecomposition { public static void main(String[] args) { double[][] matrixArray = {{3, 0}, {4, 5}}; var matrix = new Matrix(matrixArray); var svd = matrix.svd(); svd.getU().print(0, 10); svd.getS().print(0, 10); svd.getV().print(0, 10); } }
from numpy import * A = matrix([[3, 0], [4, 5]]) U, Sigma, VT = linalg.svd(A) print(U) print(Sigma) print(VT)
Change the programming language of this snippet from Java to Python without modifying what it does.
import java.math.BigDecimal; import java.util.List; public class TestIntegerness { private static boolean isLong(double d) { return isLong(d, 0.0); } private static boolean isLong(double d, double tolerance) { return (d - Math.floor(d)) <= tolerance || (Math.ceil(d) - d) <= tolerance; } @SuppressWarnings("ResultOfMethodCallIgnored") private static boolean isBigInteger(BigDecimal bd) { try { bd.toBigIntegerExact(); return true; } catch (ArithmeticException ex) { return false; } } private static class Rational { long num; long denom; Rational(int num, int denom) { this.num = num; this.denom = denom; } boolean isLong() { return num % denom == 0; } @Override public String toString() { return String.format("%s/%s", num, denom); } } private static class Complex { double real; double imag; Complex(double real, double imag) { this.real = real; this.imag = imag; } boolean isLong() { return TestIntegerness.isLong(real) && imag == 0.0; } @Override public String toString() { if (imag >= 0.0) { return String.format("%s + %si", real, imag); } return String.format("%s - %si", real, imag); } } public static void main(String[] args) { List<Double> da = List.of(25.000000, 24.999999, 25.000100); for (Double d : da) { boolean exact = isLong(d); System.out.printf("%.6f is %s integer%n", d, exact ? "an" : "not an"); } System.out.println(); double tolerance = 0.00001; System.out.printf("With a tolerance of %.5f:%n", tolerance); for (Double d : da) { boolean fuzzy = isLong(d, tolerance); System.out.printf("%.6f is %s integer%n", d, fuzzy ? "an" : "not an"); } System.out.println(); List<Double> fa = List.of(-2.1e120, -5e-2, Double.NaN, Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY); for (Double f : fa) { boolean exact = !f.isNaN() && !f.isInfinite() && isBigInteger(new BigDecimal(f.toString())); System.out.printf("%s is %s integer%n", f, exact ? "an" : "not an"); } System.out.println(); List<Complex> ca = List.of(new Complex(5.0, 0.0), new Complex(5.0, -5.0)); for (Complex c : ca) { boolean exact = c.isLong(); System.out.printf("%s is %s integer%n", c, exact ? "an" : "not an"); } System.out.println(); List<Rational> ra = List.of(new Rational(24, 8), new Rational(-5, 1), new Rational(17, 2)); for (Rational r : ra) { boolean exact = r.isLong(); System.out.printf("%s is %s integer%n", r, exact ? "an" : "not an"); } } }
>>> def isint(f): return complex(f).imag == 0 and complex(f).real.is_integer() >>> [isint(f) for f in (1.0, 2, (3.0+0.0j), 4.1, (3+4j), (5.6+0j))] [True, True, True, False, False, False] >>> ... >>> isint(25.000000) True >>> isint(24.999999) False >>> isint(25.000100) False >>> isint(-2.1e120) True >>> isint(-5e-2) False >>> isint(float('nan')) False >>> isint(float('inf')) False >>> isint(5.0+0.0j) True >>> isint(5-5j) False
Translate this program into Python but keep the logic exactly as in Java.
import java.util.Scanner; import java.io.*; public class Program { public static void main(String[] args) { try { Process p = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("cmd /C dir"); Scanner sc = new Scanner(p.getInputStream()); while (sc.hasNext()) System.out.println(sc.nextLine()); } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println(e.getMessage()); } } }
import os exit_code = os.system('ls') output = os.popen('ls').read()
Generate an equivalent Python version of this Java code.
import static javax.xml.XMLConstants.W3C_XML_SCHEMA_NS_URI; import java.net.MalformedURLException; import java.net.URL; import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamSource; import javax.xml.validation.SchemaFactory; import javax.xml.validation.Validator; import javax.xml.ws.Holder; import org.xml.sax.ErrorHandler; import org.xml.sax.SAXException; import org.xml.sax.SAXParseException; public class XmlValidation { public static void main(String... args) throws MalformedURLException { URL schemaLocation = new URL("http: URL documentLocation = new URL("http: if (validate(schemaLocation, documentLocation)) { System.out.println("document is valid"); } else { System.out.println("document is invalid"); } } public static boolean minimalValidate(URL schemaLocation, URL documentLocation) { SchemaFactory factory = SchemaFactory.newInstance(W3C_XML_SCHEMA_NS_URI); try { Validator validator = factory.newSchema(schemaLocation).newValidator(); validator.validate(new StreamSource(documentLocation.toString())); return true; } catch (Exception e) { return false; } } public static boolean validate(URL schemaLocation, URL documentLocation) { SchemaFactory factory = SchemaFactory.newInstance(W3C_XML_SCHEMA_NS_URI); final Holder<Boolean> valid = new Holder<>(true); try { Validator validator = factory.newSchema(schemaLocation).newValidator(); validator.setErrorHandler(new ErrorHandler(){ @Override public void warning(SAXParseException exception) { System.out.println("warning: " + exception.getMessage()); } @Override public void error(SAXParseException exception) { System.out.println("error: " + exception.getMessage()); valid.value = false; } @Override public void fatalError(SAXParseException exception) throws SAXException { System.out.println("fatal error: " + exception.getMessage()); throw exception; }}); validator.validate(new StreamSource(documentLocation.toString())); return valid.value; } catch (SAXException e) { return false; } catch (Exception e) { System.err.println(e); return false; } } }
from __future__ import print_function import lxml from lxml import etree if __name__=="__main__": parser = etree.XMLParser(dtd_validation=True) schema_root = etree.XML() schema = etree.XMLSchema(schema_root) parser = etree.XMLParser(schema = schema) try: root = etree.fromstring("<a>5</a>", parser) print ("Finished validating good xml") except lxml.etree.XMLSyntaxError as err: print (err) parser = etree.XMLParser(schema = schema) try: root = etree.fromstring("<a>5<b>foobar</b></a>", parser) except lxml.etree.XMLSyntaxError as err: print (err)
Produce a language-to-language conversion: from Java to Python, same semantics.
import java.util.*; public class LIS { public static <E extends Comparable<? super E>> List<E> lis(List<E> n) { List<Node<E>> pileTops = new ArrayList<Node<E>>(); for (E x : n) { Node<E> node = new Node<E>(); node.value = x; int i = Collections.binarySearch(pileTops, node); if (i < 0) i = ~i; if (i != 0) node.pointer = pileTops.get(i-1); if (i != pileTops.size()) pileTops.set(i, node); else pileTops.add(node); } List<E> result = new ArrayList<E>(); for (Node<E> node = pileTops.size() == 0 ? null : pileTops.get(pileTops.size()-1); node != null; node = node.pointer) result.add(node.value); Collections.reverse(result); return result; } private static class Node<E extends Comparable<? super E>> implements Comparable<Node<E>> { public E value; public Node<E> pointer; public int compareTo(Node<E> y) { return value.compareTo(y.value); } } public static void main(String[] args) { List<Integer> d = Arrays.asList(3,2,6,4,5,1); System.out.printf("an L.I.S. of %s is %s\n", d, lis(d)); d = Arrays.asList(0, 8, 4, 12, 2, 10, 6, 14, 1, 9, 5, 13, 3, 11, 7, 15); System.out.printf("an L.I.S. of %s is %s\n", d, lis(d)); } }
def longest_increasing_subsequence(X): N = len(X) P = [0] * N M = [0] * (N+1) L = 0 for i in range(N): lo = 1 hi = L while lo <= hi: mid = (lo+hi)//2 if (X[M[mid]] < X[i]): lo = mid+1 else: hi = mid-1 newL = lo P[i] = M[newL-1] M[newL] = i if (newL > L): L = newL S = [] k = M[L] for i in range(L-1, -1, -1): S.append(X[k]) k = P[k] return S[::-1] if __name__ == '__main__': for d in [[3,2,6,4,5,1], [0, 8, 4, 12, 2, 10, 6, 14, 1, 9, 5, 13, 3, 11, 7, 15]]: print('a L.I.S. of %s is %s' % (d, longest_increasing_subsequence(d)))
Keep all operations the same but rewrite the snippet in Python.
import javafx.application.Application; import javafx.event.EventHandler; import javafx.geometry.Point3D; import javafx.scene.Group; import javafx.scene.Scene; import javafx.scene.input.KeyCode; import javafx.scene.input.KeyEvent; import javafx.scene.shape.MeshView; import javafx.scene.shape.TriangleMesh; import javafx.scene.transform.Rotate; import javafx.stage.Stage; public class DeathStar extends Application { private static final int DIVISION = 200; float radius = 300; @Override public void start(Stage primaryStage) throws Exception { Point3D otherSphere = new Point3D(-radius, 0, -radius * 1.5); final TriangleMesh triangleMesh = createMesh(DIVISION, radius, otherSphere); MeshView a = new MeshView(triangleMesh); a.setTranslateY(radius); a.setTranslateX(radius); a.setRotationAxis(Rotate.Y_AXIS); Scene scene = new Scene(new Group(a)); primaryStage.setScene(scene); primaryStage.show(); } static TriangleMesh createMesh(final int division, final float radius, final Point3D centerOtherSphere) { Rotate rotate = new Rotate(180, centerOtherSphere); final int div2 = division / 2; final int nPoints = division * (div2 - 1) + 2; final int nTPoints = (division + 1) * (div2 - 1) + division * 2; final int nFaces = division * (div2 - 2) * 2 + division * 2; final float rDiv = 1.f / division; float points[] = new float[nPoints * 3]; float tPoints[] = new float[nTPoints * 2]; int faces[] = new int[nFaces * 6]; int pPos = 0, tPos = 0; for (int y = 0; y < div2 - 1; ++y) { float va = rDiv * (y + 1 - div2 / 2) * 2 * (float) Math.PI; float sin_va = (float) Math.sin(va); float cos_va = (float) Math.cos(va); float ty = 0.5f + sin_va * 0.5f; for (int i = 0; i < division; ++i) { double a = rDiv * i * 2 * (float) Math.PI; float hSin = (float) Math.sin(a); float hCos = (float) Math.cos(a); points[pPos + 0] = hSin * cos_va * radius; points[pPos + 2] = hCos * cos_va * radius; points[pPos + 1] = sin_va * radius; final Point3D point3D = new Point3D(points[pPos + 0], points[pPos + 1], points[pPos + 2]); double distance = centerOtherSphere.distance(point3D); if (distance <= radius) { Point3D subtract = centerOtherSphere.subtract(point3D); Point3D transform = rotate.transform(subtract); points[pPos + 0] = (float) transform.getX(); points[pPos + 1] = (float) transform.getY(); points[pPos + 2] = (float) transform.getZ(); } tPoints[tPos + 0] = 1 - rDiv * i; tPoints[tPos + 1] = ty; pPos += 3; tPos += 2; } tPoints[tPos + 0] = 0; tPoints[tPos + 1] = ty; tPos += 2; } points[pPos + 0] = 0; points[pPos + 1] = -radius; points[pPos + 2] = 0; points[pPos + 3] = 0; points[pPos + 4] = radius; points[pPos + 5] = 0; pPos += 6; int pS = (div2 - 1) * division; float textureDelta = 1.f / 256; for (int i = 0; i < division; ++i) { tPoints[tPos + 0] = rDiv * (0.5f + i); tPoints[tPos + 1] = textureDelta; tPos += 2; } for (int i = 0; i < division; ++i) { tPoints[tPos + 0] = rDiv * (0.5f + i); tPoints[tPos + 1] = 1 - textureDelta; tPos += 2; } int fIndex = 0; for (int y = 0; y < div2 - 2; ++y) { for (int x = 0; x < division; ++x) { int p0 = y * division + x; int p1 = p0 + 1; int p2 = p0 + division; int p3 = p1 + division; int t0 = p0 + y; int t1 = t0 + 1; int t2 = t0 + division + 1; int t3 = t1 + division + 1; faces[fIndex + 0] = p0; faces[fIndex + 1] = t0; faces[fIndex + 2] = p1 % division == 0 ? p1 - division : p1; faces[fIndex + 3] = t1; faces[fIndex + 4] = p2; faces[fIndex + 5] = t2; fIndex += 6; faces[fIndex + 0] = p3 % division == 0 ? p3 - division : p3; faces[fIndex + 1] = t3; faces[fIndex + 2] = p2; faces[fIndex + 3] = t2; faces[fIndex + 4] = p1 % division == 0 ? p1 - division : p1; faces[fIndex + 5] = t1; fIndex += 6; } } int p0 = pS; int tB = (div2 - 1) * (division + 1); for (int x = 0; x < division; ++x) { int p2 = x, p1 = x + 1, t0 = tB + x; faces[fIndex + 0] = p0; faces[fIndex + 1] = t0; faces[fIndex + 2] = p1 == division ? 0 : p1; faces[fIndex + 3] = p1; faces[fIndex + 4] = p2; faces[fIndex + 5] = p2; fIndex += 6; } p0 = p0 + 1; tB = tB + division; int pB = (div2 - 2) * division; for (int x = 0; x < division; ++x) { int p1 = pB + x, p2 = pB + x + 1, t0 = tB + x; int t1 = (div2 - 2) * (division + 1) + x, t2 = t1 + 1; faces[fIndex + 0] = p0; faces[fIndex + 1] = t0; faces[fIndex + 2] = p1; faces[fIndex + 3] = t1; faces[fIndex + 4] = p2 % division == 0 ? p2 - division : p2; faces[fIndex + 5] = t2; fIndex += 6; } TriangleMesh m = new TriangleMesh(); m.getPoints().setAll(points); m.getTexCoords().setAll(tPoints); m.getFaces().setAll(faces); return m; } public static void main(String[] args) { launch(args); } }
import sys, math, collections Sphere = collections.namedtuple("Sphere", "cx cy cz r") V3 = collections.namedtuple("V3", "x y z") def normalize((x, y, z)): len = math.sqrt(x**2 + y**2 + z**2) return V3(x / len, y / len, z / len) def dot(v1, v2): d = v1.x*v2.x + v1.y*v2.y + v1.z*v2.z return -d if d < 0 else 0.0 def hit_sphere(sph, x0, y0): x = x0 - sph.cx y = y0 - sph.cy zsq = sph.r ** 2 - (x ** 2 + y ** 2) if zsq < 0: return (False, 0, 0) szsq = math.sqrt(zsq) return (True, sph.cz - szsq, sph.cz + szsq) def draw_sphere(k, ambient, light): shades = ".:!*oe& pos = Sphere(20.0, 20.0, 0.0, 20.0) neg = Sphere(1.0, 1.0, -6.0, 20.0) for i in xrange(int(math.floor(pos.cy - pos.r)), int(math.ceil(pos.cy + pos.r) + 1)): y = i + 0.5 for j in xrange(int(math.floor(pos.cx - 2 * pos.r)), int(math.ceil(pos.cx + 2 * pos.r) + 1)): x = (j - pos.cx) / 2.0 + 0.5 + pos.cx (h, zb1, zb2) = hit_sphere(pos, x, y) if not h: hit_result = 0 else: (h, zs1, zs2) = hit_sphere(neg, x, y) if not h: hit_result = 1 elif zs1 > zb1: hit_result = 1 elif zs2 > zb2: hit_result = 0 elif zs2 > zb1: hit_result = 2 else: hit_result = 1 if hit_result == 0: sys.stdout.write(' ') continue elif hit_result == 1: vec = V3(x - pos.cx, y - pos.cy, zb1 - pos.cz) elif hit_result == 2: vec = V3(neg.cx-x, neg.cy-y, neg.cz-zs2) vec = normalize(vec) b = dot(light, vec) ** k + ambient intensity = int((1 - b) * len(shades)) intensity = min(len(shades), max(0, intensity)) sys.stdout.write(shades[intensity]) print light = normalize(V3(-50, 30, 50)) draw_sphere(2, 0.5, light)
Produce a functionally identical Python code for the snippet given in Java.
import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Collections; import java.util.List; public class LuckyNumbers { private static int MAX = 200000; private static List<Integer> luckyEven = luckyNumbers(MAX, true); private static List<Integer> luckyOdd = luckyNumbers(MAX, false); public static void main(String[] args) { if ( args.length == 1 || ( args.length == 2 && args[1].compareTo("lucky") == 0 ) ) { int n = Integer.parseInt(args[0]); System.out.printf("LuckyNumber(%d) = %d%n", n, luckyOdd.get(n-1)); } else if ( args.length == 2 && args[1].compareTo("evenLucky") == 0 ) { int n = Integer.parseInt(args[0]); System.out.printf("EvenLuckyNumber(%d) = %d%n", n, luckyEven.get(n-1)); } else if ( args.length == 2 || args.length == 3 ) { int j = Integer.parseInt(args[0]); int k = Integer.parseInt(args[1]); if ( ( args.length == 2 && k > 0 ) || (args.length == 3 && k > 0 && args[2].compareTo("lucky") == 0 ) ) { System.out.printf("LuckyNumber(%d) through LuckyNumber(%d) = %s%n", j, k, luckyOdd.subList(j-1, k)); } else if ( args.length == 3 && k > 0 && args[2].compareTo("evenLucky") == 0 ) { System.out.printf("EvenLuckyNumber(%d) through EvenLuckyNumber(%d) = %s%n", j, k, luckyEven.subList(j-1, k)); } else if ( ( args.length == 2 && k < 0 ) || (args.length == 3 && k < 0 && args[2].compareTo("lucky") == 0 ) ) { int n = Collections.binarySearch(luckyOdd, j); int m = Collections.binarySearch(luckyOdd, -k); System.out.printf("Lucky Numbers in the range %d to %d inclusive = %s%n", j, -k, luckyOdd.subList(n < 0 ? -n-1 : n, m < 0 ? -m-1 : m+1)); } else if ( args.length == 3 && k < 0 && args[2].compareTo("evenLucky") == 0 ) { int n = Collections.binarySearch(luckyEven, j); int m = Collections.binarySearch(luckyEven, -k); System.out.printf("Even Lucky Numbers in the range %d to %d inclusive = %s%n", j, -k, luckyEven.subList(n < 0 ? -n-1 : n, m < 0 ? -m-1 : m+1)); } } } private static List<Integer> luckyNumbers(int max, boolean even) { List<Integer> luckyList = new ArrayList<>(); for ( int i = even ? 2 : 1 ; i <= max ; i += 2 ) { luckyList.add(i); } int start = 1; boolean removed = true; while ( removed ) { removed = false; int increment = luckyList.get(start); List<Integer> remove = new ArrayList<>(); for ( int i = increment-1 ; i < luckyList.size() ; i += increment ) { remove.add(0, i); removed = true; } for ( int i : remove ) { luckyList.remove(i); } start++; } return luckyList; } }
from __future__ import print_function def lgen(even=False, nmax=1000000): start = 2 if even else 1 n, lst = 1, list(range(start, nmax + 1, 2)) lenlst = len(lst) yield lst[0] while n < lenlst and lst[n] < lenlst: yield lst[n] n, lst = n + 1, [j for i,j in enumerate(lst, 1) if i % lst[n]] lenlst = len(lst) for i in lst[n:]: yield i
Translate the given Java code snippet into Python without altering its behavior.
public protected private static public void function(int x){ int y; { int z; } }
>>> x="From global scope" >>> def outerfunc(): x = "From scope at outerfunc" def scoped_local(): x = "scope local" return "scoped_local scope gives x = " + x print(scoped_local()) def scoped_nonlocal(): nonlocal x return "scoped_nonlocal scope gives x = " + x print(scoped_nonlocal()) def scoped_global(): global x return "scoped_global scope gives x = " + x print(scoped_global()) def scoped_notdefinedlocally(): return "scoped_notdefinedlocally scope gives x = " + x print(scoped_notdefinedlocally()) >>> outerfunc() scoped_local scope gives x = scope local scoped_nonlocal scope gives x = From scope at outerfunc scoped_global scope gives x = From global scope scoped_notdefinedlocally scope gives x = From global scope >>>
Change the following Java code into Python without altering its purpose.
public protected private static public void function(int x){ int y; { int z; } }
>>> x="From global scope" >>> def outerfunc(): x = "From scope at outerfunc" def scoped_local(): x = "scope local" return "scoped_local scope gives x = " + x print(scoped_local()) def scoped_nonlocal(): nonlocal x return "scoped_nonlocal scope gives x = " + x print(scoped_nonlocal()) def scoped_global(): global x return "scoped_global scope gives x = " + x print(scoped_global()) def scoped_notdefinedlocally(): return "scoped_notdefinedlocally scope gives x = " + x print(scoped_notdefinedlocally()) >>> outerfunc() scoped_local scope gives x = scope local scoped_nonlocal scope gives x = From scope at outerfunc scoped_global scope gives x = From global scope scoped_notdefinedlocally scope gives x = From global scope >>>
Ensure the translated Python code behaves exactly like the original Java snippet.
import java.io.*; import java.text.*; import java.util.*; public class SimpleDatabase { final static String filename = "simdb.csv"; public static void main(String[] args) { if (args.length < 1 || args.length > 3) { printUsage(); return; } switch (args[0].toLowerCase()) { case "add": addItem(args); break; case "latest": printLatest(args); break; case "all": printAll(); break; default: printUsage(); break; } } private static class Item implements Comparable<Item>{ final String name; final String date; final String category; Item(String n, String d, String c) { name = n; date = d; category = c; } @Override public int compareTo(Item item){ return date.compareTo(item.date); } @Override public String toString() { return String.format("%s,%s,%s%n", name, date, category); } } private static void addItem(String[] input) { if (input.length < 2) { printUsage(); return; } List<Item> db = load(); SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"); String date = sdf.format(new Date()); String cat = (input.length == 3) ? input[2] : "none"; db.add(new Item(input[1], date, cat)); store(db); } private static void printLatest(String[] a) { List<Item> db = load(); if (db.isEmpty()) { System.out.println("No entries in database."); return; } Collections.sort(db); if (a.length == 2) { for (Item item : db) if (item.category.equals(a[1])) System.out.println(item); } else { System.out.println(db.get(0)); } } private static void printAll() { List<Item> db = load(); if (db.isEmpty()) { System.out.println("No entries in database."); return; } Collections.sort(db); for (Item item : db) System.out.println(item); } private static List<Item> load() { List<Item> db = new ArrayList<>(); try (Scanner sc = new Scanner(new File(filename))) { while (sc.hasNext()) { String[] item = sc.nextLine().split(","); db.add(new Item(item[0], item[1], item[2])); } } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println(e); } return db; } private static void store(List<Item> db) { try (FileWriter fw = new FileWriter(filename)) { for (Item item : db) fw.write(item.toString()); } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println(e); } } private static void printUsage() { System.out.println("Usage:"); System.out.println(" simdb cmd [categoryName]"); System.out.println(" add add item, followed by optional category"); System.out.println(" latest print last added item(s), followed by " + "optional category"); System.out.println(" all print all"); System.out.println(" For instance: add \"some item name\" " + "\"some category name\""); } }
import argparse from argparse import Namespace import datetime import shlex def parse_args(): 'Set up, parse, and return arguments' parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(epilog=globals()['__doc__']) parser.add_argument('command', choices='add pl plc pa'.split(), help=) parser.add_argument('-d', '--description', help='A description of the item. (e.g., title, name)') parser.add_argument('-t', '--tag', help=( )) parser.add_argument('-f', '--field', nargs=2, action='append', help='Other optional fields with value (can be repeated)') return parser def do_add(args, dbname): 'Add a new entry' if args.description is None: args.description = '' if args.tag is None: args.tag = '' del args.command print('Writing record to %s' % dbname) with open(dbname, 'a') as db: db.write('%r\n' % args) def do_pl(args, dbname): 'Print the latest entry' print('Getting last record from %s' % dbname) with open(dbname, 'r') as db: for line in db: pass record = eval(line) del record._date print(str(record)) def do_plc(args, dbname): 'Print the latest entry for each category/tag' print('Getting latest record for each tag from %s' % dbname) with open(dbname, 'r') as db: records = [eval(line) for line in db] tags = set(record.tag for record in records) records.reverse() for record in records: if record.tag in tags: del record._date print(str(record)) tags.discard(record.tag) if not tags: break def do_pa(args, dbname): 'Print all entries sorted by a date' print('Getting all records by date from %s' % dbname) with open(dbname, 'r') as db: records = [eval(line) for line in db] for record in records: del record._date print(str(record)) def test(): import time parser = parse_args() for cmdline in [ , , , , , ]: args = parser.parse_args(shlex.split(cmdline)) now = datetime.datetime.utcnow() args._date = now.isoformat() do_command[args.command](args, dbname) time.sleep(0.5) do_command = dict(add=do_add, pl=do_pl, plc=do_plc, pa=do_pa) dbname = '_simple_db_db.py' if __name__ == '__main__': if 0: test() else: parser = parse_args() args = parser.parse_args() now = datetime.datetime.utcnow() args._date = now.isoformat() do_command[args.command](args, dbname)
Convert this Java block to Python, preserving its control flow and logic.
import java.io.*; import java.text.*; import java.util.*; public class SimpleDatabase { final static String filename = "simdb.csv"; public static void main(String[] args) { if (args.length < 1 || args.length > 3) { printUsage(); return; } switch (args[0].toLowerCase()) { case "add": addItem(args); break; case "latest": printLatest(args); break; case "all": printAll(); break; default: printUsage(); break; } } private static class Item implements Comparable<Item>{ final String name; final String date; final String category; Item(String n, String d, String c) { name = n; date = d; category = c; } @Override public int compareTo(Item item){ return date.compareTo(item.date); } @Override public String toString() { return String.format("%s,%s,%s%n", name, date, category); } } private static void addItem(String[] input) { if (input.length < 2) { printUsage(); return; } List<Item> db = load(); SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"); String date = sdf.format(new Date()); String cat = (input.length == 3) ? input[2] : "none"; db.add(new Item(input[1], date, cat)); store(db); } private static void printLatest(String[] a) { List<Item> db = load(); if (db.isEmpty()) { System.out.println("No entries in database."); return; } Collections.sort(db); if (a.length == 2) { for (Item item : db) if (item.category.equals(a[1])) System.out.println(item); } else { System.out.println(db.get(0)); } } private static void printAll() { List<Item> db = load(); if (db.isEmpty()) { System.out.println("No entries in database."); return; } Collections.sort(db); for (Item item : db) System.out.println(item); } private static List<Item> load() { List<Item> db = new ArrayList<>(); try (Scanner sc = new Scanner(new File(filename))) { while (sc.hasNext()) { String[] item = sc.nextLine().split(","); db.add(new Item(item[0], item[1], item[2])); } } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println(e); } return db; } private static void store(List<Item> db) { try (FileWriter fw = new FileWriter(filename)) { for (Item item : db) fw.write(item.toString()); } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println(e); } } private static void printUsage() { System.out.println("Usage:"); System.out.println(" simdb cmd [categoryName]"); System.out.println(" add add item, followed by optional category"); System.out.println(" latest print last added item(s), followed by " + "optional category"); System.out.println(" all print all"); System.out.println(" For instance: add \"some item name\" " + "\"some category name\""); } }
import argparse from argparse import Namespace import datetime import shlex def parse_args(): 'Set up, parse, and return arguments' parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(epilog=globals()['__doc__']) parser.add_argument('command', choices='add pl plc pa'.split(), help=) parser.add_argument('-d', '--description', help='A description of the item. (e.g., title, name)') parser.add_argument('-t', '--tag', help=( )) parser.add_argument('-f', '--field', nargs=2, action='append', help='Other optional fields with value (can be repeated)') return parser def do_add(args, dbname): 'Add a new entry' if args.description is None: args.description = '' if args.tag is None: args.tag = '' del args.command print('Writing record to %s' % dbname) with open(dbname, 'a') as db: db.write('%r\n' % args) def do_pl(args, dbname): 'Print the latest entry' print('Getting last record from %s' % dbname) with open(dbname, 'r') as db: for line in db: pass record = eval(line) del record._date print(str(record)) def do_plc(args, dbname): 'Print the latest entry for each category/tag' print('Getting latest record for each tag from %s' % dbname) with open(dbname, 'r') as db: records = [eval(line) for line in db] tags = set(record.tag for record in records) records.reverse() for record in records: if record.tag in tags: del record._date print(str(record)) tags.discard(record.tag) if not tags: break def do_pa(args, dbname): 'Print all entries sorted by a date' print('Getting all records by date from %s' % dbname) with open(dbname, 'r') as db: records = [eval(line) for line in db] for record in records: del record._date print(str(record)) def test(): import time parser = parse_args() for cmdline in [ , , , , , ]: args = parser.parse_args(shlex.split(cmdline)) now = datetime.datetime.utcnow() args._date = now.isoformat() do_command[args.command](args, dbname) time.sleep(0.5) do_command = dict(add=do_add, pl=do_pl, plc=do_plc, pa=do_pa) dbname = '_simple_db_db.py' if __name__ == '__main__': if 0: test() else: parser = parse_args() args = parser.parse_args() now = datetime.datetime.utcnow() args._date = now.isoformat() do_command[args.command](args, dbname)
Write a version of this Java function in Python with identical behavior.
public class CirclesTotalArea { private static double distSq(double x1, double y1, double x2, double y2) { return (x2 - x1) * (x2 - x1) + (y2 - y1) * (y2 - y1); } private static boolean rectangleFullyInsideCircle(double[] rect, double[] circ) { double r2 = circ[2] * circ[2]; return distSq(rect[0], rect[1], circ[0], circ[1]) <= r2 && distSq(rect[0] + rect[2], rect[1], circ[0], circ[1]) <= r2 && distSq(rect[0], rect[1] - rect[3], circ[0], circ[1]) <= r2 && distSq(rect[0] + rect[2], rect[1] - rect[3], circ[0], circ[1]) <= r2; } private static boolean rectangleSurelyOutsideCircle(double[] rect, double[] circ) { if(rect[0] <= circ[0] && circ[0] <= rect[0] + rect[2] && rect[1] - rect[3] <= circ[1] && circ[1] <= rect[1]) { return false; } double r2 = circ[2] + Math.max(rect[2], rect[3]); r2 = r2 * r2; return distSq(rect[0], rect[1], circ[0], circ[1]) >= r2 && distSq(rect[0] + rect[2], rect[1], circ[0], circ[1]) >= r2 && distSq(rect[0], rect[1] - rect[3], circ[0], circ[1]) >= r2 && distSq(rect[0] + rect[2], rect[1] - rect[3], circ[0], circ[1]) >= r2; } private static boolean[] surelyOutside; private static double totalArea(double[] rect, double[][] circs, int d) { int surelyOutsideCount = 0; for(int i = 0; i < circs.length; i++) { if(rectangleFullyInsideCircle(rect, circs[i])) { return rect[2] * rect[3]; } if(rectangleSurelyOutsideCircle(rect, circs[i])) { surelyOutside[i] = true; surelyOutsideCount++; } else { surelyOutside[i] = false; } } if(surelyOutsideCount == circs.length) { return 0; } if(d < 1) { return rect[2] * rect[3] / 3; } if(surelyOutsideCount > 0) { double[][] newCircs = new double[circs.length - surelyOutsideCount][3]; int loc = 0; for(int i = 0; i < circs.length; i++) { if(!surelyOutside[i]) { newCircs[loc++] = circs[i]; } } circs = newCircs; } double w = rect[2] / 2; double h = rect[3] / 2; double[][] pieces = { { rect[0], rect[1], w, h }, { rect[0] + w, rect[1], w, h }, { rect[0], rect[1] - h, w, h }, { rect[0] + w, rect[1] - h, w, h } }; double total = 0; for(double[] piece: pieces) { total += totalArea(piece, circs, d - 1); } return total; } public static double totalArea(double[][] circs, int d) { double maxx = Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY; double minx = Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY; double maxy = Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY; double miny = Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY; for(double[] circ: circs) { if(circ[0] + circ[2] > maxx) { maxx = circ[0] + circ[2]; } if(circ[0] - circ[2] < minx) { minx = circ[0] - circ[2]; } if(circ[1] + circ[2] > maxy) { maxy = circ[1] + circ[2]; } if(circ[1] - circ[2] < miny) { miny = circ[1] - circ[2]; } } double[] rect = { minx, maxy, maxx - minx, maxy - miny }; surelyOutside = new boolean[circs.length]; return totalArea(rect, circs, d); } public static void main(String[] args) { double[][] circs = { { 1.6417233788, 1.6121789534, 0.0848270516 }, {-1.4944608174, 1.2077959613, 1.1039549836 }, { 0.6110294452, -0.6907087527, 0.9089162485 }, { 0.3844862411, 0.2923344616, 0.2375743054 }, {-0.2495892950, -0.3832854473, 1.0845181219 }, {1.7813504266, 1.6178237031, 0.8162655711 }, {-0.1985249206, -0.8343333301, 0.0538864941 }, {-1.7011985145, -0.1263820964, 0.4776976918 }, {-0.4319462812, 1.4104420482, 0.7886291537 }, {0.2178372997, -0.9499557344, 0.0357871187 }, {-0.6294854565, -1.3078893852, 0.7653357688 }, {1.7952608455, 0.6281269104, 0.2727652452 }, {1.4168575317, 1.0683357171, 1.1016025378 }, {1.4637371396, 0.9463877418, 1.1846214562 }, {-0.5263668798, 1.7315156631, 1.4428514068 }, {-1.2197352481, 0.9144146579, 1.0727263474 }, {-0.1389358881, 0.1092805780, 0.7350208828 }, {1.5293954595, 0.0030278255, 1.2472867347 }, {-0.5258728625, 1.3782633069, 1.3495508831 }, {-0.1403562064, 0.2437382535, 1.3804956588 }, {0.8055826339, -0.0482092025, 0.3327165165 }, {-0.6311979224, 0.7184578971, 0.2491045282 }, {1.4685857879, -0.8347049536, 1.3670667538 }, {-0.6855727502, 1.6465021616, 1.0593087096 }, {0.0152957411, 0.0638919221, 0.9771215985 } }; double ans = totalArea(circs, 24); System.out.println("Approx. area is " + ans); System.out.println("Error is " + Math.abs(21.56503660 - ans)); } }
from collections import namedtuple Circle = namedtuple("Circle", "x y r") circles = [ Circle( 1.6417233788, 1.6121789534, 0.0848270516), Circle(-1.4944608174, 1.2077959613, 1.1039549836), Circle( 0.6110294452, -0.6907087527, 0.9089162485), Circle( 0.3844862411, 0.2923344616, 0.2375743054), Circle(-0.2495892950, -0.3832854473, 1.0845181219), Circle( 1.7813504266, 1.6178237031, 0.8162655711), Circle(-0.1985249206, -0.8343333301, 0.0538864941), Circle(-1.7011985145, -0.1263820964, 0.4776976918), Circle(-0.4319462812, 1.4104420482, 0.7886291537), Circle( 0.2178372997, -0.9499557344, 0.0357871187), Circle(-0.6294854565, -1.3078893852, 0.7653357688), Circle( 1.7952608455, 0.6281269104, 0.2727652452), Circle( 1.4168575317, 1.0683357171, 1.1016025378), Circle( 1.4637371396, 0.9463877418, 1.1846214562), Circle(-0.5263668798, 1.7315156631, 1.4428514068), Circle(-1.2197352481, 0.9144146579, 1.0727263474), Circle(-0.1389358881, 0.1092805780, 0.7350208828), Circle( 1.5293954595, 0.0030278255, 1.2472867347), Circle(-0.5258728625, 1.3782633069, 1.3495508831), Circle(-0.1403562064, 0.2437382535, 1.3804956588), Circle( 0.8055826339, -0.0482092025, 0.3327165165), Circle(-0.6311979224, 0.7184578971, 0.2491045282), Circle( 1.4685857879, -0.8347049536, 1.3670667538), Circle(-0.6855727502, 1.6465021616, 1.0593087096), Circle( 0.0152957411, 0.0638919221, 0.9771215985)] def main(): x_min = min(c.x - c.r for c in circles) x_max = max(c.x + c.r for c in circles) y_min = min(c.y - c.r for c in circles) y_max = max(c.y + c.r for c in circles) box_side = 500 dx = (x_max - x_min) / box_side dy = (y_max - y_min) / box_side count = 0 for r in xrange(box_side): y = y_min + r * dy for c in xrange(box_side): x = x_min + c * dx if any((x-circle.x)**2 + (y-circle.y)**2 <= (circle.r ** 2) for circle in circles): count += 1 print "Approximated area:", count * dx * dy main()
Convert the following code from Java to Python, ensuring the logic remains intact.
public class CirclesTotalArea { private static double distSq(double x1, double y1, double x2, double y2) { return (x2 - x1) * (x2 - x1) + (y2 - y1) * (y2 - y1); } private static boolean rectangleFullyInsideCircle(double[] rect, double[] circ) { double r2 = circ[2] * circ[2]; return distSq(rect[0], rect[1], circ[0], circ[1]) <= r2 && distSq(rect[0] + rect[2], rect[1], circ[0], circ[1]) <= r2 && distSq(rect[0], rect[1] - rect[3], circ[0], circ[1]) <= r2 && distSq(rect[0] + rect[2], rect[1] - rect[3], circ[0], circ[1]) <= r2; } private static boolean rectangleSurelyOutsideCircle(double[] rect, double[] circ) { if(rect[0] <= circ[0] && circ[0] <= rect[0] + rect[2] && rect[1] - rect[3] <= circ[1] && circ[1] <= rect[1]) { return false; } double r2 = circ[2] + Math.max(rect[2], rect[3]); r2 = r2 * r2; return distSq(rect[0], rect[1], circ[0], circ[1]) >= r2 && distSq(rect[0] + rect[2], rect[1], circ[0], circ[1]) >= r2 && distSq(rect[0], rect[1] - rect[3], circ[0], circ[1]) >= r2 && distSq(rect[0] + rect[2], rect[1] - rect[3], circ[0], circ[1]) >= r2; } private static boolean[] surelyOutside; private static double totalArea(double[] rect, double[][] circs, int d) { int surelyOutsideCount = 0; for(int i = 0; i < circs.length; i++) { if(rectangleFullyInsideCircle(rect, circs[i])) { return rect[2] * rect[3]; } if(rectangleSurelyOutsideCircle(rect, circs[i])) { surelyOutside[i] = true; surelyOutsideCount++; } else { surelyOutside[i] = false; } } if(surelyOutsideCount == circs.length) { return 0; } if(d < 1) { return rect[2] * rect[3] / 3; } if(surelyOutsideCount > 0) { double[][] newCircs = new double[circs.length - surelyOutsideCount][3]; int loc = 0; for(int i = 0; i < circs.length; i++) { if(!surelyOutside[i]) { newCircs[loc++] = circs[i]; } } circs = newCircs; } double w = rect[2] / 2; double h = rect[3] / 2; double[][] pieces = { { rect[0], rect[1], w, h }, { rect[0] + w, rect[1], w, h }, { rect[0], rect[1] - h, w, h }, { rect[0] + w, rect[1] - h, w, h } }; double total = 0; for(double[] piece: pieces) { total += totalArea(piece, circs, d - 1); } return total; } public static double totalArea(double[][] circs, int d) { double maxx = Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY; double minx = Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY; double maxy = Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY; double miny = Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY; for(double[] circ: circs) { if(circ[0] + circ[2] > maxx) { maxx = circ[0] + circ[2]; } if(circ[0] - circ[2] < minx) { minx = circ[0] - circ[2]; } if(circ[1] + circ[2] > maxy) { maxy = circ[1] + circ[2]; } if(circ[1] - circ[2] < miny) { miny = circ[1] - circ[2]; } } double[] rect = { minx, maxy, maxx - minx, maxy - miny }; surelyOutside = new boolean[circs.length]; return totalArea(rect, circs, d); } public static void main(String[] args) { double[][] circs = { { 1.6417233788, 1.6121789534, 0.0848270516 }, {-1.4944608174, 1.2077959613, 1.1039549836 }, { 0.6110294452, -0.6907087527, 0.9089162485 }, { 0.3844862411, 0.2923344616, 0.2375743054 }, {-0.2495892950, -0.3832854473, 1.0845181219 }, {1.7813504266, 1.6178237031, 0.8162655711 }, {-0.1985249206, -0.8343333301, 0.0538864941 }, {-1.7011985145, -0.1263820964, 0.4776976918 }, {-0.4319462812, 1.4104420482, 0.7886291537 }, {0.2178372997, -0.9499557344, 0.0357871187 }, {-0.6294854565, -1.3078893852, 0.7653357688 }, {1.7952608455, 0.6281269104, 0.2727652452 }, {1.4168575317, 1.0683357171, 1.1016025378 }, {1.4637371396, 0.9463877418, 1.1846214562 }, {-0.5263668798, 1.7315156631, 1.4428514068 }, {-1.2197352481, 0.9144146579, 1.0727263474 }, {-0.1389358881, 0.1092805780, 0.7350208828 }, {1.5293954595, 0.0030278255, 1.2472867347 }, {-0.5258728625, 1.3782633069, 1.3495508831 }, {-0.1403562064, 0.2437382535, 1.3804956588 }, {0.8055826339, -0.0482092025, 0.3327165165 }, {-0.6311979224, 0.7184578971, 0.2491045282 }, {1.4685857879, -0.8347049536, 1.3670667538 }, {-0.6855727502, 1.6465021616, 1.0593087096 }, {0.0152957411, 0.0638919221, 0.9771215985 } }; double ans = totalArea(circs, 24); System.out.println("Approx. area is " + ans); System.out.println("Error is " + Math.abs(21.56503660 - ans)); } }
from collections import namedtuple Circle = namedtuple("Circle", "x y r") circles = [ Circle( 1.6417233788, 1.6121789534, 0.0848270516), Circle(-1.4944608174, 1.2077959613, 1.1039549836), Circle( 0.6110294452, -0.6907087527, 0.9089162485), Circle( 0.3844862411, 0.2923344616, 0.2375743054), Circle(-0.2495892950, -0.3832854473, 1.0845181219), Circle( 1.7813504266, 1.6178237031, 0.8162655711), Circle(-0.1985249206, -0.8343333301, 0.0538864941), Circle(-1.7011985145, -0.1263820964, 0.4776976918), Circle(-0.4319462812, 1.4104420482, 0.7886291537), Circle( 0.2178372997, -0.9499557344, 0.0357871187), Circle(-0.6294854565, -1.3078893852, 0.7653357688), Circle( 1.7952608455, 0.6281269104, 0.2727652452), Circle( 1.4168575317, 1.0683357171, 1.1016025378), Circle( 1.4637371396, 0.9463877418, 1.1846214562), Circle(-0.5263668798, 1.7315156631, 1.4428514068), Circle(-1.2197352481, 0.9144146579, 1.0727263474), Circle(-0.1389358881, 0.1092805780, 0.7350208828), Circle( 1.5293954595, 0.0030278255, 1.2472867347), Circle(-0.5258728625, 1.3782633069, 1.3495508831), Circle(-0.1403562064, 0.2437382535, 1.3804956588), Circle( 0.8055826339, -0.0482092025, 0.3327165165), Circle(-0.6311979224, 0.7184578971, 0.2491045282), Circle( 1.4685857879, -0.8347049536, 1.3670667538), Circle(-0.6855727502, 1.6465021616, 1.0593087096), Circle( 0.0152957411, 0.0638919221, 0.9771215985)] def main(): x_min = min(c.x - c.r for c in circles) x_max = max(c.x + c.r for c in circles) y_min = min(c.y - c.r for c in circles) y_max = max(c.y + c.r for c in circles) box_side = 500 dx = (x_max - x_min) / box_side dy = (y_max - y_min) / box_side count = 0 for r in xrange(box_side): y = y_min + r * dy for c in xrange(box_side): x = x_min + c * dx if any((x-circle.x)**2 + (y-circle.y)**2 <= (circle.r ** 2) for circle in circles): count += 1 print "Approximated area:", count * dx * dy main()
Translate the given Java code snippet into Python without altering its behavior.
public class CirclesTotalArea { private static double distSq(double x1, double y1, double x2, double y2) { return (x2 - x1) * (x2 - x1) + (y2 - y1) * (y2 - y1); } private static boolean rectangleFullyInsideCircle(double[] rect, double[] circ) { double r2 = circ[2] * circ[2]; return distSq(rect[0], rect[1], circ[0], circ[1]) <= r2 && distSq(rect[0] + rect[2], rect[1], circ[0], circ[1]) <= r2 && distSq(rect[0], rect[1] - rect[3], circ[0], circ[1]) <= r2 && distSq(rect[0] + rect[2], rect[1] - rect[3], circ[0], circ[1]) <= r2; } private static boolean rectangleSurelyOutsideCircle(double[] rect, double[] circ) { if(rect[0] <= circ[0] && circ[0] <= rect[0] + rect[2] && rect[1] - rect[3] <= circ[1] && circ[1] <= rect[1]) { return false; } double r2 = circ[2] + Math.max(rect[2], rect[3]); r2 = r2 * r2; return distSq(rect[0], rect[1], circ[0], circ[1]) >= r2 && distSq(rect[0] + rect[2], rect[1], circ[0], circ[1]) >= r2 && distSq(rect[0], rect[1] - rect[3], circ[0], circ[1]) >= r2 && distSq(rect[0] + rect[2], rect[1] - rect[3], circ[0], circ[1]) >= r2; } private static boolean[] surelyOutside; private static double totalArea(double[] rect, double[][] circs, int d) { int surelyOutsideCount = 0; for(int i = 0; i < circs.length; i++) { if(rectangleFullyInsideCircle(rect, circs[i])) { return rect[2] * rect[3]; } if(rectangleSurelyOutsideCircle(rect, circs[i])) { surelyOutside[i] = true; surelyOutsideCount++; } else { surelyOutside[i] = false; } } if(surelyOutsideCount == circs.length) { return 0; } if(d < 1) { return rect[2] * rect[3] / 3; } if(surelyOutsideCount > 0) { double[][] newCircs = new double[circs.length - surelyOutsideCount][3]; int loc = 0; for(int i = 0; i < circs.length; i++) { if(!surelyOutside[i]) { newCircs[loc++] = circs[i]; } } circs = newCircs; } double w = rect[2] / 2; double h = rect[3] / 2; double[][] pieces = { { rect[0], rect[1], w, h }, { rect[0] + w, rect[1], w, h }, { rect[0], rect[1] - h, w, h }, { rect[0] + w, rect[1] - h, w, h } }; double total = 0; for(double[] piece: pieces) { total += totalArea(piece, circs, d - 1); } return total; } public static double totalArea(double[][] circs, int d) { double maxx = Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY; double minx = Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY; double maxy = Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY; double miny = Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY; for(double[] circ: circs) { if(circ[0] + circ[2] > maxx) { maxx = circ[0] + circ[2]; } if(circ[0] - circ[2] < minx) { minx = circ[0] - circ[2]; } if(circ[1] + circ[2] > maxy) { maxy = circ[1] + circ[2]; } if(circ[1] - circ[2] < miny) { miny = circ[1] - circ[2]; } } double[] rect = { minx, maxy, maxx - minx, maxy - miny }; surelyOutside = new boolean[circs.length]; return totalArea(rect, circs, d); } public static void main(String[] args) { double[][] circs = { { 1.6417233788, 1.6121789534, 0.0848270516 }, {-1.4944608174, 1.2077959613, 1.1039549836 }, { 0.6110294452, -0.6907087527, 0.9089162485 }, { 0.3844862411, 0.2923344616, 0.2375743054 }, {-0.2495892950, -0.3832854473, 1.0845181219 }, {1.7813504266, 1.6178237031, 0.8162655711 }, {-0.1985249206, -0.8343333301, 0.0538864941 }, {-1.7011985145, -0.1263820964, 0.4776976918 }, {-0.4319462812, 1.4104420482, 0.7886291537 }, {0.2178372997, -0.9499557344, 0.0357871187 }, {-0.6294854565, -1.3078893852, 0.7653357688 }, {1.7952608455, 0.6281269104, 0.2727652452 }, {1.4168575317, 1.0683357171, 1.1016025378 }, {1.4637371396, 0.9463877418, 1.1846214562 }, {-0.5263668798, 1.7315156631, 1.4428514068 }, {-1.2197352481, 0.9144146579, 1.0727263474 }, {-0.1389358881, 0.1092805780, 0.7350208828 }, {1.5293954595, 0.0030278255, 1.2472867347 }, {-0.5258728625, 1.3782633069, 1.3495508831 }, {-0.1403562064, 0.2437382535, 1.3804956588 }, {0.8055826339, -0.0482092025, 0.3327165165 }, {-0.6311979224, 0.7184578971, 0.2491045282 }, {1.4685857879, -0.8347049536, 1.3670667538 }, {-0.6855727502, 1.6465021616, 1.0593087096 }, {0.0152957411, 0.0638919221, 0.9771215985 } }; double ans = totalArea(circs, 24); System.out.println("Approx. area is " + ans); System.out.println("Error is " + Math.abs(21.56503660 - ans)); } }
from collections import namedtuple Circle = namedtuple("Circle", "x y r") circles = [ Circle( 1.6417233788, 1.6121789534, 0.0848270516), Circle(-1.4944608174, 1.2077959613, 1.1039549836), Circle( 0.6110294452, -0.6907087527, 0.9089162485), Circle( 0.3844862411, 0.2923344616, 0.2375743054), Circle(-0.2495892950, -0.3832854473, 1.0845181219), Circle( 1.7813504266, 1.6178237031, 0.8162655711), Circle(-0.1985249206, -0.8343333301, 0.0538864941), Circle(-1.7011985145, -0.1263820964, 0.4776976918), Circle(-0.4319462812, 1.4104420482, 0.7886291537), Circle( 0.2178372997, -0.9499557344, 0.0357871187), Circle(-0.6294854565, -1.3078893852, 0.7653357688), Circle( 1.7952608455, 0.6281269104, 0.2727652452), Circle( 1.4168575317, 1.0683357171, 1.1016025378), Circle( 1.4637371396, 0.9463877418, 1.1846214562), Circle(-0.5263668798, 1.7315156631, 1.4428514068), Circle(-1.2197352481, 0.9144146579, 1.0727263474), Circle(-0.1389358881, 0.1092805780, 0.7350208828), Circle( 1.5293954595, 0.0030278255, 1.2472867347), Circle(-0.5258728625, 1.3782633069, 1.3495508831), Circle(-0.1403562064, 0.2437382535, 1.3804956588), Circle( 0.8055826339, -0.0482092025, 0.3327165165), Circle(-0.6311979224, 0.7184578971, 0.2491045282), Circle( 1.4685857879, -0.8347049536, 1.3670667538), Circle(-0.6855727502, 1.6465021616, 1.0593087096), Circle( 0.0152957411, 0.0638919221, 0.9771215985)] def main(): x_min = min(c.x - c.r for c in circles) x_max = max(c.x + c.r for c in circles) y_min = min(c.y - c.r for c in circles) y_max = max(c.y + c.r for c in circles) box_side = 500 dx = (x_max - x_min) / box_side dy = (y_max - y_min) / box_side count = 0 for r in xrange(box_side): y = y_min + r * dy for c in xrange(box_side): x = x_min + c * dx if any((x-circle.x)**2 + (y-circle.y)**2 <= (circle.r ** 2) for circle in circles): count += 1 print "Approximated area:", count * dx * dy main()
Please provide an equivalent version of this Java code in Python.
import java.awt.image.*; import java.io.File; import java.io.IOException; import javax.imageio.*; public class HoughTransform { public static ArrayData houghTransform(ArrayData inputData, int thetaAxisSize, int rAxisSize, int minContrast) { int width = inputData.width; int height = inputData.height; int maxRadius = (int)Math.ceil(Math.hypot(width, height)); int halfRAxisSize = rAxisSize >>> 1; ArrayData outputData = new ArrayData(thetaAxisSize, rAxisSize); double[] sinTable = new double[thetaAxisSize]; double[] cosTable = new double[thetaAxisSize]; for (int theta = thetaAxisSize - 1; theta >= 0; theta--) { double thetaRadians = theta * Math.PI / thetaAxisSize; sinTable[theta] = Math.sin(thetaRadians); cosTable[theta] = Math.cos(thetaRadians); } for (int y = height - 1; y >= 0; y--) { for (int x = width - 1; x >= 0; x--) { if (inputData.contrast(x, y, minContrast)) { for (int theta = thetaAxisSize - 1; theta >= 0; theta--) { double r = cosTable[theta] * x + sinTable[theta] * y; int rScaled = (int)Math.round(r * halfRAxisSize / maxRadius) + halfRAxisSize; outputData.accumulate(theta, rScaled, 1); } } } } return outputData; } public static class ArrayData { public final int[] dataArray; public final int width; public final int height; public ArrayData(int width, int height) { this(new int[width * height], width, height); } public ArrayData(int[] dataArray, int width, int height) { this.dataArray = dataArray; this.width = width; this.height = height; } public int get(int x, int y) { return dataArray[y * width + x]; } public void set(int x, int y, int value) { dataArray[y * width + x] = value; } public void accumulate(int x, int y, int delta) { set(x, y, get(x, y) + delta); } public boolean contrast(int x, int y, int minContrast) { int centerValue = get(x, y); for (int i = 8; i >= 0; i--) { if (i == 4) continue; int newx = x + (i % 3) - 1; int newy = y + (i / 3) - 1; if ((newx < 0) || (newx >= width) || (newy < 0) || (newy >= height)) continue; if (Math.abs(get(newx, newy) - centerValue) >= minContrast) return true; } return false; } public int getMax() { int max = dataArray[0]; for (int i = width * height - 1; i > 0; i--) if (dataArray[i] > max) max = dataArray[i]; return max; } } public static ArrayData getArrayDataFromImage(String filename) throws IOException { BufferedImage inputImage = ImageIO.read(new File(filename)); int width = inputImage.getWidth(); int height = inputImage.getHeight(); int[] rgbData = inputImage.getRGB(0, 0, width, height, null, 0, width); ArrayData arrayData = new ArrayData(width, height); for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) { for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) { int rgbValue = rgbData[y * width + x]; rgbValue = (int)(((rgbValue & 0xFF0000) >>> 16) * 0.30 + ((rgbValue & 0xFF00) >>> 8) * 0.59 + (rgbValue & 0xFF) * 0.11); arrayData.set(x, height - 1 - y, rgbValue); } } return arrayData; } public static void writeOutputImage(String filename, ArrayData arrayData) throws IOException { int max = arrayData.getMax(); BufferedImage outputImage = new BufferedImage(arrayData.width, arrayData.height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB); for (int y = 0; y < arrayData.height; y++) { for (int x = 0; x < arrayData.width; x++) { int n = Math.min((int)Math.round(arrayData.get(x, y) * 255.0 / max), 255); outputImage.setRGB(x, arrayData.height - 1 - y, (n << 16) | (n << 8) | 0x90 | -0x01000000); } } ImageIO.write(outputImage, "PNG", new File(filename)); return; } public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { ArrayData inputData = getArrayDataFromImage(args[0]); int minContrast = (args.length >= 4) ? 64 : Integer.parseInt(args[4]); ArrayData outputData = houghTransform(inputData, Integer.parseInt(args[2]), Integer.parseInt(args[3]), minContrast); writeOutputImage(args[1], outputData); return; } }
from math import hypot, pi, cos, sin from PIL import Image def hough(im, ntx=460, mry=360): "Calculate Hough transform." pim = im.load() nimx, mimy = im.size mry = int(mry/2)*2 him = Image.new("L", (ntx, mry), 255) phim = him.load() rmax = hypot(nimx, mimy) dr = rmax / (mry/2) dth = pi / ntx for jx in xrange(nimx): for iy in xrange(mimy): col = pim[jx, iy] if col == 255: continue for jtx in xrange(ntx): th = dth * jtx r = jx*cos(th) + iy*sin(th) iry = mry/2 + int(r/dr+0.5) phim[jtx, iry] -= 1 return him def test(): "Test Hough transform with pentagon." im = Image.open("pentagon.png").convert("L") him = hough(im) him.save("ho5.bmp") if __name__ == "__main__": test()
Generate an equivalent Python version of this Java code.
import static java.lang.Math.pow; import java.util.Arrays; import static java.util.Arrays.stream; import org.apache.commons.math3.special.Gamma; public class Test { static double x2Dist(double[] data) { double avg = stream(data).sum() / data.length; double sqs = stream(data).reduce(0, (a, b) -> a + pow((b - avg), 2)); return sqs / avg; } static double x2Prob(double dof, double distance) { return Gamma.regularizedGammaQ(dof / 2, distance / 2); } static boolean x2IsUniform(double[] data, double significance) { return x2Prob(data.length - 1.0, x2Dist(data)) > significance; } public static void main(String[] a) { double[][] dataSets = {{199809, 200665, 199607, 200270, 199649}, {522573, 244456, 139979, 71531, 21461}}; System.out.printf(" %4s %12s %12s %8s %s%n", "dof", "distance", "probability", "Uniform?", "dataset"); for (double[] ds : dataSets) { int dof = ds.length - 1; double dist = x2Dist(ds); double prob = x2Prob(dof, dist); System.out.printf("%4d %12.3f %12.8f %5s %6s%n", dof, dist, prob, x2IsUniform(ds, 0.05) ? "YES" : "NO", Arrays.toString(ds)); } } }
import math import random def GammaInc_Q( a, x): a1 = a-1 a2 = a-2 def f0( t ): return t**a1*math.exp(-t) def df0(t): return (a1-t)*t**a2*math.exp(-t) y = a1 while f0(y)*(x-y) >2.0e-8 and y < x: y += .3 if y > x: y = x h = 3.0e-4 n = int(y/h) h = y/n hh = 0.5*h gamax = h * sum( f0(t)+hh*df0(t) for t in ( h*j for j in xrange(n-1, -1, -1))) return gamax/gamma_spounge(a) c = None def gamma_spounge( z): global c a = 12 if c is None: k1_factrl = 1.0 c = [] c.append(math.sqrt(2.0*math.pi)) for k in range(1,a): c.append( math.exp(a-k) * (a-k)**(k-0.5) / k1_factrl ) k1_factrl *= -k accm = c[0] for k in range(1,a): accm += c[k] / (z+k) accm *= math.exp( -(z+a)) * (z+a)**(z+0.5) return accm/z; def chi2UniformDistance( dataSet ): expected = sum(dataSet)*1.0/len(dataSet) cntrd = (d-expected for d in dataSet) return sum(x*x for x in cntrd)/expected def chi2Probability(dof, distance): return 1.0 - GammaInc_Q( 0.5*dof, 0.5*distance) def chi2IsUniform(dataSet, significance): dof = len(dataSet)-1 dist = chi2UniformDistance(dataSet) return chi2Probability( dof, dist ) > significance dset1 = [ 199809, 200665, 199607, 200270, 199649 ] dset2 = [ 522573, 244456, 139979, 71531, 21461 ] for ds in (dset1, dset2): print "Data set:", ds dof = len(ds)-1 distance =chi2UniformDistance(ds) print "dof: %d distance: %.4f" % (dof, distance), prob = chi2Probability( dof, distance) print "probability: %.4f"%prob, print "uniform? ", "Yes"if chi2IsUniform(ds,0.05) else "No"
Change the following Java code into Python without altering its purpose.
import org.apache.commons.math3.distribution.TDistribution; public class WelchTTest { public static double[] meanvar(double[] a) { double m = 0.0, v = 0.0; int n = a.length; for (double x: a) { m += x; } m /= n; for (double x: a) { v += (x - m) * (x - m); } v /= (n - 1); return new double[] {m, v}; } public static double[] welch_ttest(double[] x, double[] y) { double mx, my, vx, vy, t, df, p; double[] res; int nx = x.length, ny = y.length; res = meanvar(x); mx = res[0]; vx = res[1]; res = meanvar(y); my = res[0]; vy = res[1]; t = (mx-my)/Math.sqrt(vx/nx+vy/ny); df = Math.pow(vx/nx+vy/ny, 2)/(vx*vx/(nx*nx*(nx-1))+vy*vy/(ny*ny*(ny-1))); TDistribution dist = new TDistribution(df); p = 2.0*dist.cumulativeProbability(-Math.abs(t)); return new double[] {t, df, p}; } public static void main(String[] args) { double x[] = {3.0, 4.0, 1.0, 2.1}; double y[] = {490.2, 340.0, 433.9}; double res[] = welch_ttest(x, y); System.out.println("t = " + res[0]); System.out.println("df = " + res[1]); System.out.println("p = " + res[2]); } }
import numpy as np import scipy as sp import scipy.stats def welch_ttest(x1, x2): n1 = x1.size n2 = x2.size m1 = np.mean(x1) m2 = np.mean(x2) v1 = np.var(x1, ddof=1) v2 = np.var(x2, ddof=1) t = (m1 - m2) / np.sqrt(v1 / n1 + v2 / n2) df = (v1 / n1 + v2 / n2)**2 / (v1**2 / (n1**2 * (n1 - 1)) + v2**2 / (n2**2 * (n2 - 1))) p = 2 * sp.stats.t.cdf(-abs(t), df) return t, df, p welch_ttest(np.array([3.0, 4.0, 1.0, 2.1]), np.array([490.2, 340.0, 433.9])) (-9.559497721932658, 2.0008523488562844, 0.01075156114978449)
Change the following Java code into Python without altering its purpose.
import org.apache.commons.math3.distribution.TDistribution; public class WelchTTest { public static double[] meanvar(double[] a) { double m = 0.0, v = 0.0; int n = a.length; for (double x: a) { m += x; } m /= n; for (double x: a) { v += (x - m) * (x - m); } v /= (n - 1); return new double[] {m, v}; } public static double[] welch_ttest(double[] x, double[] y) { double mx, my, vx, vy, t, df, p; double[] res; int nx = x.length, ny = y.length; res = meanvar(x); mx = res[0]; vx = res[1]; res = meanvar(y); my = res[0]; vy = res[1]; t = (mx-my)/Math.sqrt(vx/nx+vy/ny); df = Math.pow(vx/nx+vy/ny, 2)/(vx*vx/(nx*nx*(nx-1))+vy*vy/(ny*ny*(ny-1))); TDistribution dist = new TDistribution(df); p = 2.0*dist.cumulativeProbability(-Math.abs(t)); return new double[] {t, df, p}; } public static void main(String[] args) { double x[] = {3.0, 4.0, 1.0, 2.1}; double y[] = {490.2, 340.0, 433.9}; double res[] = welch_ttest(x, y); System.out.println("t = " + res[0]); System.out.println("df = " + res[1]); System.out.println("p = " + res[2]); } }
import numpy as np import scipy as sp import scipy.stats def welch_ttest(x1, x2): n1 = x1.size n2 = x2.size m1 = np.mean(x1) m2 = np.mean(x2) v1 = np.var(x1, ddof=1) v2 = np.var(x2, ddof=1) t = (m1 - m2) / np.sqrt(v1 / n1 + v2 / n2) df = (v1 / n1 + v2 / n2)**2 / (v1**2 / (n1**2 * (n1 - 1)) + v2**2 / (n2**2 * (n2 - 1))) p = 2 * sp.stats.t.cdf(-abs(t), df) return t, df, p welch_ttest(np.array([3.0, 4.0, 1.0, 2.1]), np.array([490.2, 340.0, 433.9])) (-9.559497721932658, 2.0008523488562844, 0.01075156114978449)
Write the same code in Python as shown below in Java.
import org.apache.commons.math3.distribution.TDistribution; public class WelchTTest { public static double[] meanvar(double[] a) { double m = 0.0, v = 0.0; int n = a.length; for (double x: a) { m += x; } m /= n; for (double x: a) { v += (x - m) * (x - m); } v /= (n - 1); return new double[] {m, v}; } public static double[] welch_ttest(double[] x, double[] y) { double mx, my, vx, vy, t, df, p; double[] res; int nx = x.length, ny = y.length; res = meanvar(x); mx = res[0]; vx = res[1]; res = meanvar(y); my = res[0]; vy = res[1]; t = (mx-my)/Math.sqrt(vx/nx+vy/ny); df = Math.pow(vx/nx+vy/ny, 2)/(vx*vx/(nx*nx*(nx-1))+vy*vy/(ny*ny*(ny-1))); TDistribution dist = new TDistribution(df); p = 2.0*dist.cumulativeProbability(-Math.abs(t)); return new double[] {t, df, p}; } public static void main(String[] args) { double x[] = {3.0, 4.0, 1.0, 2.1}; double y[] = {490.2, 340.0, 433.9}; double res[] = welch_ttest(x, y); System.out.println("t = " + res[0]); System.out.println("df = " + res[1]); System.out.println("p = " + res[2]); } }
import numpy as np import scipy as sp import scipy.stats def welch_ttest(x1, x2): n1 = x1.size n2 = x2.size m1 = np.mean(x1) m2 = np.mean(x2) v1 = np.var(x1, ddof=1) v2 = np.var(x2, ddof=1) t = (m1 - m2) / np.sqrt(v1 / n1 + v2 / n2) df = (v1 / n1 + v2 / n2)**2 / (v1**2 / (n1**2 * (n1 - 1)) + v2**2 / (n2**2 * (n2 - 1))) p = 2 * sp.stats.t.cdf(-abs(t), df) return t, df, p welch_ttest(np.array([3.0, 4.0, 1.0, 2.1]), np.array([490.2, 340.0, 433.9])) (-9.559497721932658, 2.0008523488562844, 0.01075156114978449)
Can you help me rewrite this code in Python instead of Java, keeping it the same logically?
import java.util.*; import static java.util.Arrays.asList; import static java.util.stream.Collectors.toList; public class TopologicalSort2 { public static void main(String[] args) { String s = "top1,top2,ip1,ip2,ip3,ip1a,ip2a,ip2b,ip2c,ipcommon,des1," + "des1a,des1b,des1c,des1a1,des1a2,des1c1,extra1"; Graph g = new Graph(s, new int[][]{ {0, 10}, {0, 2}, {0, 3}, {1, 10}, {1, 3}, {1, 4}, {2, 17}, {2, 5}, {2, 9}, {3, 6}, {3, 7}, {3, 8}, {3, 9}, {10, 11}, {10, 12}, {10, 13}, {11, 14}, {11, 15}, {13, 16}, {13, 17},}); System.out.println("Top levels: " + g.toplevels()); String[] files = {"top1", "top2", "ip1"}; for (String f : files) System.out.printf("Compile order for %s %s%n", f, g.compileOrder(f)); } } class Graph { List<String> vertices; boolean[][] adjacency; int numVertices; public Graph(String s, int[][] edges) { vertices = asList(s.split(",")); numVertices = vertices.size(); adjacency = new boolean[numVertices][numVertices]; for (int[] edge : edges) adjacency[edge[0]][edge[1]] = true; } List<String> toplevels() { List<String> result = new ArrayList<>(); outer: for (int c = 0; c < numVertices; c++) { for (int r = 0; r < numVertices; r++) { if (adjacency[r][c]) continue outer; } result.add(vertices.get(c)); } return result; } List<String> compileOrder(String item) { LinkedList<String> result = new LinkedList<>(); LinkedList<Integer> queue = new LinkedList<>(); queue.add(vertices.indexOf(item)); while (!queue.isEmpty()) { int r = queue.poll(); for (int c = 0; c < numVertices; c++) { if (adjacency[r][c] && !queue.contains(c)) { queue.add(c); } } result.addFirst(vertices.get(r)); } return result.stream().distinct().collect(toList()); } }
try: from functools import reduce except: pass def topx(data, tops=None): 'Extract the set of top-level(s) in topological order' for k, v in data.items(): v.discard(k) if tops is None: tops = toplevels(data) return _topx(data, tops, [], set()) def _topx(data, tops, _sofar, _sofar_set): 'Recursive topological extractor' _sofar += [tops] _sofar_set.union(tops) depends = reduce(set.union, (data.get(top, set()) for top in tops)) if depends: _topx(data, depends, _sofar, _sofar_set) ordered, accum = [], set() for s in _sofar[::-1]: ordered += [sorted(s - accum)] accum |= s return ordered def printorder(order): 'Prettyprint topological ordering' if order: print("First: " + ', '.join(str(s) for s in order[0])) for o in order[1:]: print(" Then: " + ', '.join(str(s) for s in o)) def toplevels(data): for k, v in data.items(): v.discard(k) dependents = reduce(set.union, data.values()) return set(data.keys()) - dependents if __name__ == '__main__': data = dict( top1 = set('ip1 des1 ip2'.split()), top2 = set('ip2 des1 ip3'.split()), des1 = set('des1a des1b des1c'.split()), des1a = set('des1a1 des1a2'.split()), des1c = set('des1c1 extra1'.split()), ip2 = set('ip2a ip2b ip2c ipcommon'.split()), ip1 = set('ip1a ipcommon extra1'.split()), ) tops = toplevels(data) print("The top levels of the dependency graph are: " + ' '.join(tops)) for t in sorted(tops): print("\nThe compile order for top level: %s is..." % t) printorder(topx(data, set([t]))) if len(tops) > 1: print("\nThe compile order for top levels: %s is..." % ' and '.join(str(s) for s in sorted(tops)) ) printorder(topx(data, tops))
Produce a language-to-language conversion: from Java to Python, same semantics.
import java.util.*; import static java.util.Arrays.asList; import static java.util.stream.Collectors.toList; public class TopologicalSort2 { public static void main(String[] args) { String s = "top1,top2,ip1,ip2,ip3,ip1a,ip2a,ip2b,ip2c,ipcommon,des1," + "des1a,des1b,des1c,des1a1,des1a2,des1c1,extra1"; Graph g = new Graph(s, new int[][]{ {0, 10}, {0, 2}, {0, 3}, {1, 10}, {1, 3}, {1, 4}, {2, 17}, {2, 5}, {2, 9}, {3, 6}, {3, 7}, {3, 8}, {3, 9}, {10, 11}, {10, 12}, {10, 13}, {11, 14}, {11, 15}, {13, 16}, {13, 17},}); System.out.println("Top levels: " + g.toplevels()); String[] files = {"top1", "top2", "ip1"}; for (String f : files) System.out.printf("Compile order for %s %s%n", f, g.compileOrder(f)); } } class Graph { List<String> vertices; boolean[][] adjacency; int numVertices; public Graph(String s, int[][] edges) { vertices = asList(s.split(",")); numVertices = vertices.size(); adjacency = new boolean[numVertices][numVertices]; for (int[] edge : edges) adjacency[edge[0]][edge[1]] = true; } List<String> toplevels() { List<String> result = new ArrayList<>(); outer: for (int c = 0; c < numVertices; c++) { for (int r = 0; r < numVertices; r++) { if (adjacency[r][c]) continue outer; } result.add(vertices.get(c)); } return result; } List<String> compileOrder(String item) { LinkedList<String> result = new LinkedList<>(); LinkedList<Integer> queue = new LinkedList<>(); queue.add(vertices.indexOf(item)); while (!queue.isEmpty()) { int r = queue.poll(); for (int c = 0; c < numVertices; c++) { if (adjacency[r][c] && !queue.contains(c)) { queue.add(c); } } result.addFirst(vertices.get(r)); } return result.stream().distinct().collect(toList()); } }
try: from functools import reduce except: pass def topx(data, tops=None): 'Extract the set of top-level(s) in topological order' for k, v in data.items(): v.discard(k) if tops is None: tops = toplevels(data) return _topx(data, tops, [], set()) def _topx(data, tops, _sofar, _sofar_set): 'Recursive topological extractor' _sofar += [tops] _sofar_set.union(tops) depends = reduce(set.union, (data.get(top, set()) for top in tops)) if depends: _topx(data, depends, _sofar, _sofar_set) ordered, accum = [], set() for s in _sofar[::-1]: ordered += [sorted(s - accum)] accum |= s return ordered def printorder(order): 'Prettyprint topological ordering' if order: print("First: " + ', '.join(str(s) for s in order[0])) for o in order[1:]: print(" Then: " + ', '.join(str(s) for s in o)) def toplevels(data): for k, v in data.items(): v.discard(k) dependents = reduce(set.union, data.values()) return set(data.keys()) - dependents if __name__ == '__main__': data = dict( top1 = set('ip1 des1 ip2'.split()), top2 = set('ip2 des1 ip3'.split()), des1 = set('des1a des1b des1c'.split()), des1a = set('des1a1 des1a2'.split()), des1c = set('des1c1 extra1'.split()), ip2 = set('ip2a ip2b ip2c ipcommon'.split()), ip1 = set('ip1a ipcommon extra1'.split()), ) tops = toplevels(data) print("The top levels of the dependency graph are: " + ' '.join(tops)) for t in sorted(tops): print("\nThe compile order for top level: %s is..." % t) printorder(topx(data, set([t]))) if len(tops) > 1: print("\nThe compile order for top levels: %s is..." % ' and '.join(str(s) for s in sorted(tops)) ) printorder(topx(data, tops))
Write a version of this Java function in Python with identical behavior.
public class BraceExpansion { public static void main(String[] args) { for (String s : new String[]{"It{{em,alic}iz,erat}e{d,}, please.", "~/{Downloads,Pictures}/*.{jpg,gif,png}", "{,{,gotta have{ ,\\, again\\, }}more }cowbell!", "{}} some }{,{\\\\{ edge, edge} \\,}{ cases, {here} \\\\\\\\\\}"}) { System.out.println(); expand(s); } } public static void expand(String s) { expandR("", s, ""); } private static void expandR(String pre, String s, String suf) { int i1 = -1, i2 = 0; String noEscape = s.replaceAll("([\\\\]{2}|[\\\\][,}{])", " "); StringBuilder sb = null; outer: while ((i1 = noEscape.indexOf('{', i1 + 1)) != -1) { i2 = i1 + 1; sb = new StringBuilder(s); for (int depth = 1; i2 < s.length() && depth > 0; i2++) { char c = noEscape.charAt(i2); depth = (c == '{') ? ++depth : depth; depth = (c == '}') ? --depth : depth; if (c == ',' && depth == 1) { sb.setCharAt(i2, '\u0000'); } else if (c == '}' && depth == 0 && sb.indexOf("\u0000") != -1) break outer; } } if (i1 == -1) { if (suf.length() > 0) expandR(pre + s, suf, ""); else System.out.printf("%s%s%s%n", pre, s, suf); } else { for (String m : sb.substring(i1 + 1, i2).split("\u0000", -1)) expandR(pre + s.substring(0, i1), m, s.substring(i2 + 1) + suf); } } }
def getitem(s, depth=0): out = [""] while s: c = s[0] if depth and (c == ',' or c == '}'): return out,s if c == '{': x = getgroup(s[1:], depth+1) if x: out,s = [a+b for a in out for b in x[0]], x[1] continue if c == '\\' and len(s) > 1: s, c = s[1:], c + s[1] out, s = [a+c for a in out], s[1:] return out,s def getgroup(s, depth): out, comma = [], False while s: g,s = getitem(s, depth) if not s: break out += g if s[0] == '}': if comma: return out, s[1:] return ['{' + a + '}' for a in out], s[1:] if s[0] == ',': comma,s = True, s[1:] return None for s in .split('\n'): print "\n\t".join([s] + getitem(s)[0]) + "\n"
Port the following code from Java to Python with equivalent syntax and logic.
foo(); Int x = bar();
def no_args(): pass no_args() def fixed_args(x, y): print('x=%r, y=%r' % (x, y)) fixed_args(1, 2) fixed_args(y=2, x=1) myargs=(1,2) fixed_args(*myargs) def opt_args(x=1): print(x) opt_args() opt_args(3.141) def var_args(*v): print(v) var_args(1, 2, 3) var_args(1, (2,3)) var_args() fixed_args(y=2, x=1) if 1: no_args() assert no_args() is None def return_something(): return 1 x = return_something() def is_builtin(x): print(x.__name__ in dir(__builtins__)) is_builtin(pow) is_builtin(is_builtin) def takes_anything(*args, **kwargs): for each in args: print(each) for key, value in sorted(kwargs.items()): print("%s:%s" % (key, value)) wrapped_fn(*args, **kwargs)
Generate a Python translation of this Java snippet without changing its computational steps.
foo(); Int x = bar();
def no_args(): pass no_args() def fixed_args(x, y): print('x=%r, y=%r' % (x, y)) fixed_args(1, 2) fixed_args(y=2, x=1) myargs=(1,2) fixed_args(*myargs) def opt_args(x=1): print(x) opt_args() opt_args(3.141) def var_args(*v): print(v) var_args(1, 2, 3) var_args(1, (2,3)) var_args() fixed_args(y=2, x=1) if 1: no_args() assert no_args() is None def return_something(): return 1 x = return_something() def is_builtin(x): print(x.__name__ in dir(__builtins__)) is_builtin(pow) is_builtin(is_builtin) def takes_anything(*args, **kwargs): for each in args: print(each) for key, value in sorted(kwargs.items()): print("%s:%s" % (key, value)) wrapped_fn(*args, **kwargs)
Preserve the algorithm and functionality while converting the code from Java to Python.
import static java.util.stream.IntStream.rangeClosed; public class Test { final static int nMax = 12; static char[] superperm; static int pos; static int[] count = new int[nMax]; static int factSum(int n) { return rangeClosed(1, n) .map(m -> rangeClosed(1, m).reduce(1, (a, b) -> a * b)).sum(); } static boolean r(int n) { if (n == 0) return false; char c = superperm[pos - n]; if (--count[n] == 0) { count[n] = n; if (!r(n - 1)) return false; } superperm[pos++] = c; return true; } static void superPerm(int n) { String chars = "0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"; pos = n; superperm = new char[factSum(n)]; for (int i = 0; i < n + 1; i++) count[i] = i; for (int i = 1; i < n + 1; i++) superperm[i - 1] = chars.charAt(i); while (r(n)) { } } public static void main(String[] args) { for (int n = 0; n < nMax; n++) { superPerm(n); System.out.printf("superPerm(%2d) len = %d", n, superperm.length); System.out.println(); } } }
"Generate a short Superpermutation of n characters A... as a string using various algorithms." from __future__ import print_function, division from itertools import permutations from math import factorial import string import datetime import gc MAXN = 7 def s_perm0(n): allchars = string.ascii_uppercase[:n] allperms = [''.join(p) for p in permutations(allchars)] sp, tofind = allperms[0], set(allperms[1:]) while tofind: for skip in range(1, n): for trial_add in (''.join(p) for p in permutations(sp[-n:][:skip])): trial_perm = (sp + trial_add)[-n:] if trial_perm in tofind: sp += trial_add tofind.discard(trial_perm) trial_add = None break if trial_add is None: break assert all(perm in sp for perm in allperms) return sp def s_perm1(n): allchars = string.ascii_uppercase[:n] allperms = [''.join(p) for p in sorted(permutations(allchars))] perms, sp = allperms[::], '' while perms: nxt = perms.pop() if nxt not in sp: sp += nxt assert all(perm in sp for perm in allperms) return sp def s_perm2(n): allchars = string.ascii_uppercase[:n] allperms = [''.join(p) for p in sorted(permutations(allchars))] perms, sp = allperms[::], '' while perms: nxt = perms.pop(0) if nxt not in sp: sp += nxt if perms: nxt = perms.pop(-1) if nxt not in sp: sp += nxt assert all(perm in sp for perm in allperms) return sp def _s_perm3(n, cmp): allchars = string.ascii_uppercase[:n] allperms = [''.join(p) for p in sorted(permutations(allchars))] perms, sp = allperms[::], '' while perms: lastn = sp[-n:] nxt = cmp(perms, key=lambda pm: sum((ch1 == ch2) for ch1, ch2 in zip(pm, lastn))) perms.remove(nxt) if nxt not in sp: sp += nxt assert all(perm in sp for perm in allperms) return sp def s_perm3_max(n): return _s_perm3(n, max) def s_perm3_min(n): return _s_perm3(n, min) longest = [factorial(n) * n for n in range(MAXN + 1)] weight, runtime = {}, {} print(__doc__) for algo in [s_perm0, s_perm1, s_perm2, s_perm3_max, s_perm3_min]: print('\n print(algo.__doc__) weight[algo.__name__], runtime[algo.__name__] = 1, datetime.timedelta(0) for n in range(1, MAXN + 1): gc.collect() gc.disable() t = datetime.datetime.now() sp = algo(n) t = datetime.datetime.now() - t gc.enable() runtime[algo.__name__] += t lensp = len(sp) wt = (lensp / longest[n]) ** 2 print(' For N=%i: SP length %5i Max: %5i Weight: %5.2f' % (n, lensp, longest[n], wt)) weight[algo.__name__] *= wt weight[algo.__name__] **= 1 / n weight[algo.__name__] = 1 / weight[algo.__name__] print('%*s Overall Weight: %5.2f in %.1f seconds.' % (29, '', weight[algo.__name__], runtime[algo.__name__].total_seconds())) print('\n print('\n'.join('%12s (%.3f)' % kv for kv in sorted(weight.items(), key=lambda keyvalue: -keyvalue[1]))) print('\n print('\n'.join('%12s (%.3f)' % (k, v.total_seconds()) for k, v in sorted(runtime.items(), key=lambda keyvalue: keyvalue[1])))
Write the same algorithm in Python as shown in this Java implementation.
import java.awt.GridLayout; import java.awt.event.ActionEvent; import java.awt.event.ActionListener; import java.awt.event.KeyEvent; import java.awt.event.KeyListener; import javax.swing.JButton; import javax.swing.JFrame; import javax.swing.JOptionPane; import javax.swing.JPanel; import javax.swing.JTextField; public class Interact extends JFrame{ final JTextField numberField; final JButton incButton, randButton; public Interact(){ setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); numberField = new JTextField(); incButton = new JButton("Increment"); randButton = new JButton("Random"); numberField.setText("0"); numberField.addKeyListener(new KeyListener(){ @Override public void keyTyped(KeyEvent e) { if(!Character.isDigit(e.getKeyChar())){ e.consume(); } } @Override public void keyReleased(KeyEvent e){} @Override public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e){} }); incButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){ @Override public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { String text = numberField.getText(); if(text.isEmpty()){ numberField.setText("1"); }else{ numberField.setText((Long.valueOf(text) + 1) + ""); } } }); randButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){ @Override public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { if(JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(null, "Are you sure?") == JOptionPane.YES_OPTION){ numberField.setText(Long.toString((long)(Math.random() * Long.MAX_VALUE))); } } }); setLayout(new GridLayout(2, 1)); JPanel buttonPanel = new JPanel(); buttonPanel.setLayout(new GridLayout(1, 2)); buttonPanel.add(incButton); buttonPanel.add(randButton); add(numberField); add(buttonPanel); pack(); } public static void main(String[] args){ new Interact().setVisible(true); } }
import random, tkMessageBox from Tkinter import * window = Tk() window.geometry("300x50+100+100") options = { "padx":5, "pady":5} s=StringVar() s.set(1) def increase(): s.set(int(s.get())+1) def rand(): if tkMessageBox.askyesno("Confirmation", "Reset to random value ?"): s.set(random.randrange(0,5000)) def update(e): if not e.char.isdigit(): tkMessageBox.showerror('Error', 'Invalid input !') return "break" e = Entry(text=s) e.grid(column=0, row=0, **options) e.bind('<Key>', update) b1 = Button(text="Increase", command=increase, **options ) b1.grid(column=1, row=0, **options) b2 = Button(text="Random", command=rand, **options) b2.grid(column=2, row=0, **options) mainloop()
Rewrite the snippet below in Python so it works the same as the original Java code.
import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.Random; public class OneOfNLines { static Random rand; public static int oneOfN(int n) { int choice = 0; for(int i = 1; i < n; i++) { if(rand.nextInt(i+1) == 0) choice = i; } return choice; } public static void main(String[] args) { int n = 10; int trials = 1000000; int[] bins = new int[n]; rand = new Random(); for(int i = 0; i < trials; i++) bins[oneOfN(n)]++; System.out.println(Arrays.toString(bins)); } }
from random import randrange try: range = xrange except: pass def one_of_n(lines): choice = None for i, line in enumerate(lines): if randrange(i+1) == 0: choice = line return choice def one_of_n_test(n=10, trials=1000000): bins = [0] * n if n: for i in range(trials): bins[one_of_n(range(n))] += 1 return bins print(one_of_n_test())
Keep all operations the same but rewrite the snippet in Python.
import java.util.*; import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap; import java.util.stream.IntStream; public class SelfReferentialSequence { static Map<String, Integer> cache = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(10_000); public static void main(String[] args) { Seeds res = IntStream.range(0, 1000_000) .parallel() .mapToObj(n -> summarize(n, false)) .collect(Seeds::new, Seeds::accept, Seeds::combine); System.out.println("Seeds:"); res.seeds.forEach(e -> System.out.println(Arrays.toString(e))); System.out.println("\nSequence:"); summarize(res.seeds.get(0)[0], true); } static int[] summarize(int seed, boolean display) { String n = String.valueOf(seed); String k = Arrays.toString(n.chars().sorted().toArray()); if (!display && cache.get(k) != null) return new int[]{seed, cache.get(k)}; Set<String> seen = new HashSet<>(); StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); int[] freq = new int[10]; while (!seen.contains(n)) { seen.add(n); int len = n.length(); for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) freq[n.charAt(i) - '0']++; sb.setLength(0); for (int i = 9; i >= 0; i--) { if (freq[i] != 0) { sb.append(freq[i]).append(i); freq[i] = 0; } } if (display) System.out.println(n); n = sb.toString(); } cache.put(k, seen.size()); return new int[]{seed, seen.size()}; } static class Seeds { int largest = Integer.MIN_VALUE; List<int[]> seeds = new ArrayList<>(); void accept(int[] s) { int size = s[1]; if (size >= largest) { if (size > largest) { largest = size; seeds.clear(); } seeds.add(s); } } void combine(Seeds acc) { acc.seeds.forEach(this::accept); } } }
from itertools import groupby, permutations def A036058(number): return ''.join( str(len(list(g))) + k for k,g in groupby(sorted(str(number), reverse=True)) ) def A036058_length(numberstring='0', printit=False): iterations, last_three, queue_index = 1, ([None] * 3), 0 def A036058(number): return ''.join( str(len(list(g))) + k for k,g in groupby(number) ) while True: if printit: print(" %2i %s" % (iterations, numberstring)) numberstring = ''.join(sorted(numberstring, reverse=True)) if numberstring in last_three: break assert iterations < 1000000 last_three[queue_index], numberstring = numberstring, A036058(numberstring) iterations += 1 queue_index +=1 queue_index %=3 return iterations def max_A036058_length( start_range=range(11) ): already_done = set() max_len = (-1, []) for n in start_range: sn = str(n) sns = tuple(sorted(sn, reverse=True)) if sns not in already_done: already_done.add(sns) size = A036058_length(sns) if size > max_len[0]: max_len = (size, [n]) elif size == max_len[0]: max_len[1].append(n) return max_len lenmax, starts = max_A036058_length( range(1000000) ) allstarts = [] for n in starts: allstarts += [int(''.join(x)) for x in set(k for k in permutations(str(n), 4) if k[0] != '0')] allstarts = [x for x in sorted(allstarts) if x < 1000000] print ( % (lenmax, allstarts) ) print ( ) for n in starts: print() A036058_length(str(n), printit=True)
Keep all operations the same but rewrite the snippet in Python.
import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; public class SpellingOfOrdinalNumbers { public static void main(String[] args) { for ( long test : new long[] {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 11, 65, 100, 101, 272, 23456, 8007006005004003L} ) { System.out.printf("%d = %s%n", test, toOrdinal(test)); } } private static Map<String,String> ordinalMap = new HashMap<>(); static { ordinalMap.put("one", "first"); ordinalMap.put("two", "second"); ordinalMap.put("three", "third"); ordinalMap.put("five", "fifth"); ordinalMap.put("eight", "eighth"); ordinalMap.put("nine", "ninth"); ordinalMap.put("twelve", "twelfth"); } private static String toOrdinal(long n) { String spelling = numToString(n); String[] split = spelling.split(" "); String last = split[split.length - 1]; String replace = ""; if ( last.contains("-") ) { String[] lastSplit = last.split("-"); String lastWithDash = lastSplit[1]; String lastReplace = ""; if ( ordinalMap.containsKey(lastWithDash) ) { lastReplace = ordinalMap.get(lastWithDash); } else if ( lastWithDash.endsWith("y") ) { lastReplace = lastWithDash.substring(0, lastWithDash.length() - 1) + "ieth"; } else { lastReplace = lastWithDash + "th"; } replace = lastSplit[0] + "-" + lastReplace; } else { if ( ordinalMap.containsKey(last) ) { replace = ordinalMap.get(last); } else if ( last.endsWith("y") ) { replace = last.substring(0, last.length() - 1) + "ieth"; } else { replace = last + "th"; } } split[split.length - 1] = replace; return String.join(" ", split); } private static final String[] nums = new String[] { "zero", "one", "two", "three", "four", "five", "six", "seven", "eight", "nine", "ten", "eleven", "twelve", "thirteen", "fourteen", "fifteen", "sixteen", "seventeen", "eighteen", "nineteen" }; private static final String[] tens = new String[] {"zero", "ten", "twenty", "thirty", "forty", "fifty", "sixty", "seventy", "eighty", "ninety"}; private static final String numToString(long n) { return numToStringHelper(n); } private static final String numToStringHelper(long n) { if ( n < 0 ) { return "negative " + numToStringHelper(-n); } int index = (int) n; if ( n <= 19 ) { return nums[index]; } if ( n <= 99 ) { return tens[index/10] + (n % 10 > 0 ? "-" + numToStringHelper(n % 10) : ""); } String label = null; long factor = 0; if ( n <= 999 ) { label = "hundred"; factor = 100; } else if ( n <= 999999) { label = "thousand"; factor = 1000; } else if ( n <= 999999999) { label = "million"; factor = 1000000; } else if ( n <= 999999999999L) { label = "billion"; factor = 1000000000; } else if ( n <= 999999999999999L) { label = "trillion"; factor = 1000000000000L; } else if ( n <= 999999999999999999L) { label = "quadrillion"; factor = 1000000000000000L; } else { label = "quintillion"; factor = 1000000000000000000L; } return numToStringHelper(n / factor) + " " + label + (n % factor > 0 ? " " + numToStringHelper(n % factor ) : ""); } }
irregularOrdinals = { "one": "first", "two": "second", "three": "third", "five": "fifth", "eight": "eighth", "nine": "ninth", "twelve": "twelfth", } def num2ordinal(n): conversion = int(float(n)) num = spell_integer(conversion) hyphen = num.rsplit("-", 1) num = num.rsplit(" ", 1) delim = " " if len(num[-1]) > len(hyphen[-1]): num = hyphen delim = "-" if num[-1] in irregularOrdinals: num[-1] = delim + irregularOrdinals[num[-1]] elif num[-1].endswith("y"): num[-1] = delim + num[-1][:-1] + "ieth" else: num[-1] = delim + num[-1] + "th" return "".join(num) if __name__ == "__main__": tests = "1 2 3 4 5 11 65 100 101 272 23456 8007006005004003 123 00123.0 1.23e2".split() for num in tests: print("{} => {}".format(num, num2ordinal(num))) TENS = [None, None, "twenty", "thirty", "forty", "fifty", "sixty", "seventy", "eighty", "ninety"] SMALL = ["zero", "one", "two", "three", "four", "five", "six", "seven", "eight", "nine", "ten", "eleven", "twelve", "thirteen", "fourteen", "fifteen", "sixteen", "seventeen", "eighteen", "nineteen"] HUGE = [None, None] + [h + "illion" for h in ("m", "b", "tr", "quadr", "quint", "sext", "sept", "oct", "non", "dec")] def nonzero(c, n, connect=''): return "" if n == 0 else connect + c + spell_integer(n) def last_and(num): if ',' in num: pre, last = num.rsplit(',', 1) if ' and ' not in last: last = ' and' + last num = ''.join([pre, ',', last]) return num def big(e, n): if e == 0: return spell_integer(n) elif e == 1: return spell_integer(n) + " thousand" else: return spell_integer(n) + " " + HUGE[e] def base1000_rev(n): while n != 0: n, r = divmod(n, 1000) yield r def spell_integer(n): if n < 0: return "minus " + spell_integer(-n) elif n < 20: return SMALL[n] elif n < 100: a, b = divmod(n, 10) return TENS[a] + nonzero("-", b) elif n < 1000: a, b = divmod(n, 100) return SMALL[a] + " hundred" + nonzero(" ", b, ' and') else: num = ", ".join([big(e, x) for e, x in enumerate(base1000_rev(n)) if x][::-1]) return last_and(num)
Port the following code from Java to Python with equivalent syntax and logic.
import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; public class SpellingOfOrdinalNumbers { public static void main(String[] args) { for ( long test : new long[] {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 11, 65, 100, 101, 272, 23456, 8007006005004003L} ) { System.out.printf("%d = %s%n", test, toOrdinal(test)); } } private static Map<String,String> ordinalMap = new HashMap<>(); static { ordinalMap.put("one", "first"); ordinalMap.put("two", "second"); ordinalMap.put("three", "third"); ordinalMap.put("five", "fifth"); ordinalMap.put("eight", "eighth"); ordinalMap.put("nine", "ninth"); ordinalMap.put("twelve", "twelfth"); } private static String toOrdinal(long n) { String spelling = numToString(n); String[] split = spelling.split(" "); String last = split[split.length - 1]; String replace = ""; if ( last.contains("-") ) { String[] lastSplit = last.split("-"); String lastWithDash = lastSplit[1]; String lastReplace = ""; if ( ordinalMap.containsKey(lastWithDash) ) { lastReplace = ordinalMap.get(lastWithDash); } else if ( lastWithDash.endsWith("y") ) { lastReplace = lastWithDash.substring(0, lastWithDash.length() - 1) + "ieth"; } else { lastReplace = lastWithDash + "th"; } replace = lastSplit[0] + "-" + lastReplace; } else { if ( ordinalMap.containsKey(last) ) { replace = ordinalMap.get(last); } else if ( last.endsWith("y") ) { replace = last.substring(0, last.length() - 1) + "ieth"; } else { replace = last + "th"; } } split[split.length - 1] = replace; return String.join(" ", split); } private static final String[] nums = new String[] { "zero", "one", "two", "three", "four", "five", "six", "seven", "eight", "nine", "ten", "eleven", "twelve", "thirteen", "fourteen", "fifteen", "sixteen", "seventeen", "eighteen", "nineteen" }; private static final String[] tens = new String[] {"zero", "ten", "twenty", "thirty", "forty", "fifty", "sixty", "seventy", "eighty", "ninety"}; private static final String numToString(long n) { return numToStringHelper(n); } private static final String numToStringHelper(long n) { if ( n < 0 ) { return "negative " + numToStringHelper(-n); } int index = (int) n; if ( n <= 19 ) { return nums[index]; } if ( n <= 99 ) { return tens[index/10] + (n % 10 > 0 ? "-" + numToStringHelper(n % 10) : ""); } String label = null; long factor = 0; if ( n <= 999 ) { label = "hundred"; factor = 100; } else if ( n <= 999999) { label = "thousand"; factor = 1000; } else if ( n <= 999999999) { label = "million"; factor = 1000000; } else if ( n <= 999999999999L) { label = "billion"; factor = 1000000000; } else if ( n <= 999999999999999L) { label = "trillion"; factor = 1000000000000L; } else if ( n <= 999999999999999999L) { label = "quadrillion"; factor = 1000000000000000L; } else { label = "quintillion"; factor = 1000000000000000000L; } return numToStringHelper(n / factor) + " " + label + (n % factor > 0 ? " " + numToStringHelper(n % factor ) : ""); } }
irregularOrdinals = { "one": "first", "two": "second", "three": "third", "five": "fifth", "eight": "eighth", "nine": "ninth", "twelve": "twelfth", } def num2ordinal(n): conversion = int(float(n)) num = spell_integer(conversion) hyphen = num.rsplit("-", 1) num = num.rsplit(" ", 1) delim = " " if len(num[-1]) > len(hyphen[-1]): num = hyphen delim = "-" if num[-1] in irregularOrdinals: num[-1] = delim + irregularOrdinals[num[-1]] elif num[-1].endswith("y"): num[-1] = delim + num[-1][:-1] + "ieth" else: num[-1] = delim + num[-1] + "th" return "".join(num) if __name__ == "__main__": tests = "1 2 3 4 5 11 65 100 101 272 23456 8007006005004003 123 00123.0 1.23e2".split() for num in tests: print("{} => {}".format(num, num2ordinal(num))) TENS = [None, None, "twenty", "thirty", "forty", "fifty", "sixty", "seventy", "eighty", "ninety"] SMALL = ["zero", "one", "two", "three", "four", "five", "six", "seven", "eight", "nine", "ten", "eleven", "twelve", "thirteen", "fourteen", "fifteen", "sixteen", "seventeen", "eighteen", "nineteen"] HUGE = [None, None] + [h + "illion" for h in ("m", "b", "tr", "quadr", "quint", "sext", "sept", "oct", "non", "dec")] def nonzero(c, n, connect=''): return "" if n == 0 else connect + c + spell_integer(n) def last_and(num): if ',' in num: pre, last = num.rsplit(',', 1) if ' and ' not in last: last = ' and' + last num = ''.join([pre, ',', last]) return num def big(e, n): if e == 0: return spell_integer(n) elif e == 1: return spell_integer(n) + " thousand" else: return spell_integer(n) + " " + HUGE[e] def base1000_rev(n): while n != 0: n, r = divmod(n, 1000) yield r def spell_integer(n): if n < 0: return "minus " + spell_integer(-n) elif n < 20: return SMALL[n] elif n < 100: a, b = divmod(n, 10) return TENS[a] + nonzero("-", b) elif n < 1000: a, b = divmod(n, 100) return SMALL[a] + " hundred" + nonzero(" ", b, ' and') else: num = ", ".join([big(e, x) for e, x in enumerate(base1000_rev(n)) if x][::-1]) return last_and(num)
Port the provided Java code into Python while preserving the original functionality.
public class SelfDescribingNumbers{ public static boolean isSelfDescribing(int a){ String s = Integer.toString(a); for(int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++){ String s0 = s.charAt(i) + ""; int b = Integer.parseInt(s0); int count = 0; for(int j = 0; j < s.length(); j++){ int temp = Integer.parseInt(s.charAt(j) + ""); if(temp == i){ count++; } if (count > b) return false; } if(count != b) return false; } return true; } public static void main(String[] args){ for(int i = 0; i < 100000000; i++){ if(isSelfDescribing(i)){ System.out.println(i); } } } }
>>> def isSelfDescribing(n): s = str(n) return all(s.count(str(i)) == int(ch) for i, ch in enumerate(s)) >>> [x for x in range(4000000) if isSelfDescribing(x)] [1210, 2020, 21200, 3211000] >>> [(x, isSelfDescribing(x)) for x in (1210, 2020, 21200, 3211000, 42101000, 521001000, 6210001000)] [(1210, True), (2020, True), (21200, True), (3211000, True), (42101000, True), (521001000, True), (6210001000, True)]
Write a version of this Java function in Python with identical behavior.
public class SelfDescribingNumbers{ public static boolean isSelfDescribing(int a){ String s = Integer.toString(a); for(int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++){ String s0 = s.charAt(i) + ""; int b = Integer.parseInt(s0); int count = 0; for(int j = 0; j < s.length(); j++){ int temp = Integer.parseInt(s.charAt(j) + ""); if(temp == i){ count++; } if (count > b) return false; } if(count != b) return false; } return true; } public static void main(String[] args){ for(int i = 0; i < 100000000; i++){ if(isSelfDescribing(i)){ System.out.println(i); } } } }
>>> def isSelfDescribing(n): s = str(n) return all(s.count(str(i)) == int(ch) for i, ch in enumerate(s)) >>> [x for x in range(4000000) if isSelfDescribing(x)] [1210, 2020, 21200, 3211000] >>> [(x, isSelfDescribing(x)) for x in (1210, 2020, 21200, 3211000, 42101000, 521001000, 6210001000)] [(1210, True), (2020, True), (21200, True), (3211000, True), (42101000, True), (521001000, True), (6210001000, True)]
Keep all operations the same but rewrite the snippet in Python.
public class AdditionChains { private static class Pair { int f, s; Pair(int f, int s) { this.f = f; this.s = s; } } private static int[] prepend(int n, int[] seq) { int[] result = new int[seq.length + 1]; result[0] = n; System.arraycopy(seq, 0, result, 1, seq.length); return result; } private static Pair check_seq(int pos, int[] seq, int n, int min_len) { if (pos > min_len || seq[0] > n) return new Pair(min_len, 0); else if (seq[0] == n) return new Pair(pos, 1); else if (pos < min_len) return try_perm(0, pos, seq, n, min_len); else return new Pair(min_len, 0); } private static Pair try_perm(int i, int pos, int[] seq, int n, int min_len) { if (i > pos) return new Pair(min_len, 0); Pair res1 = check_seq(pos + 1, prepend(seq[0] + seq[i], seq), n, min_len); Pair res2 = try_perm(i + 1, pos, seq, n, res1.f); if (res2.f < res1.f) return res2; else if (res2.f == res1.f) return new Pair(res2.f, res1.s + res2.s); else throw new RuntimeException("Try_perm exception"); } private static Pair init_try_perm(int x) { return try_perm(0, 0, new int[]{1}, x, 12); } private static void find_brauer(int num) { Pair res = init_try_perm(num); System.out.println(); System.out.println("N = " + num); System.out.println("Minimum length of chains: L(n)= " + res.f); System.out.println("Number of minimum length Brauer chains: " + res.s); } public static void main(String[] args) { int[] nums = new int[]{7, 14, 21, 29, 32, 42, 64, 47, 79, 191, 382, 379}; for (int i : nums) { find_brauer(i); } } }
def prepend(n, seq): return [n] + seq def check_seq(pos, seq, n, min_len): if pos > min_len or seq[0] > n: return min_len, 0 if seq[0] == n: return pos, 1 if pos < min_len: return try_perm(0, pos, seq, n, min_len) return min_len, 0 def try_perm(i, pos, seq, n, min_len): if i > pos: return min_len, 0 res1 = check_seq(pos + 1, prepend(seq[0] + seq[i], seq), n, min_len) res2 = try_perm(i + 1, pos, seq, n, res1[0]) if res2[0] < res1[0]: return res2 if res2[0] == res1[0]: return res2[0], res1[1] + res2[1] raise Exception("try_perm exception") def init_try_perm(x): return try_perm(0, 0, [1], x, 12) def find_brauer(num): res = init_try_perm(num) print print "N = ", num print "Minimum length of chains: L(n) = ", res[0] print "Number of minimum length Brauer chains: ", res[1] nums = [7, 14, 21, 29, 32, 42, 64, 47, 79, 191, 382, 379] for i in nums: find_brauer(i)
Please provide an equivalent version of this Java code in Python.
import java.util.function.Consumer; import java.util.stream.IntStream; public class Repeat { public static void main(String[] args) { repeat(3, (x) -> System.out.println("Example " + x)); } static void repeat (int n, Consumer<Integer> fun) { IntStream.range(0, n).forEach(i -> fun.accept(i + 1)); } }
def repeat(f,n): for i in range(n): f(); def procedure(): print("Example"); repeat(procedure,3);
Generate an equivalent Python version of this Java code.
public class Sparkline { String bars="▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█"; public static void main(String[] args) { Sparkline now=new Sparkline(); float[] arr={1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1}; now.display1D(arr); System.out.println(now.getSparkline(arr)); float[] arr1={1.5f, 0.5f, 3.5f, 2.5f, 5.5f, 4.5f, 7.5f, 6.5f}; now.display1D(arr1); System.out.println(now.getSparkline(arr1)); } public void display1D(float[] arr) { for(int i=0;i<arr.length;i++) System.out.print(arr[i]+" "); System.out.println(); } public String getSparkline(float[] arr) { float min=Integer.MAX_VALUE; float max=Integer.MIN_VALUE; for(int i=0;i<arr.length;i++) { if(arr[i]<min) min=arr[i]; if(arr[i]>max) max=arr[i]; } float range=max-min; int num=bars.length()-1; String line=""; for(int i=0;i<arr.length;i++) { line+=bars.charAt((int)Math.ceil(((arr[i]-min)/range*num))); } return line; } }
bar = '▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█' barcount = len(bar) def sparkline(numbers): mn, mx = min(numbers), max(numbers) extent = mx - mn sparkline = ''.join(bar[min([barcount - 1, int((n - mn) / extent * barcount)])] for n in numbers) return mn, mx, sparkline if __name__ == '__main__': import re for line in ("0 0 1 1; 0 1 19 20; 0 999 4000 4999 7000 7999;" "1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1;" "1.5, 0.5 3.5, 2.5 5.5, 4.5 7.5, 6.5 ").split(';'): print("\nNumbers:", line) numbers = [float(n) for n in re.split(r'[\s,]+', line.strip())] mn, mx, sp = sparkline(numbers) print(' min: %5f; max: %5f' % (mn, mx)) print(" " + sp)
Generate a Python translation of this Java snippet without changing its computational steps.
import java.util.Scanner; import java.io.File; import java.util.List; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Map; import java.util.HashMap; class Interpreter { static Map<String, Integer> globals = new HashMap<>(); static Scanner s; static List<Node> list = new ArrayList<>(); static Map<String, NodeType> str_to_nodes = new HashMap<>(); static class Node { public NodeType nt; public Node left, right; public String value; Node() { this.nt = null; this.left = null; this.right = null; this.value = null; } Node(NodeType node_type, Node left, Node right, String value) { this.nt = node_type; this.left = left; this.right = right; this.value = value; } public static Node make_node(NodeType nodetype, Node left, Node right) { return new Node(nodetype, left, right, ""); } public static Node make_node(NodeType nodetype, Node left) { return new Node(nodetype, left, null, ""); } public static Node make_leaf(NodeType nodetype, String value) { return new Node(nodetype, null, null, value); } } static enum NodeType { nd_None(";"), nd_Ident("Identifier"), nd_String("String"), nd_Integer("Integer"), nd_Sequence("Sequence"), nd_If("If"), nd_Prtc("Prtc"), nd_Prts("Prts"), nd_Prti("Prti"), nd_While("While"), nd_Assign("Assign"), nd_Negate("Negate"), nd_Not("Not"), nd_Mul("Multiply"), nd_Div("Divide"), nd_Mod("Mod"), nd_Add("Add"), nd_Sub("Subtract"), nd_Lss("Less"), nd_Leq("LessEqual"), nd_Gtr("Greater"), nd_Geq("GreaterEqual"), nd_Eql("Equal"), nd_Neq("NotEqual"), nd_And("And"), nd_Or("Or"); private final String name; NodeType(String name) { this.name = name; } @Override public String toString() { return this.name; } } static String str(String s) { String result = ""; int i = 0; s = s.replace("\"", ""); while (i < s.length()) { if (s.charAt(i) == '\\' && i + 1 < s.length()) { if (s.charAt(i + 1) == 'n') { result += '\n'; i += 2; } else if (s.charAt(i) == '\\') { result += '\\'; i += 2; } } else { result += s.charAt(i); i++; } } return result; } static boolean itob(int i) { return i != 0; } static int btoi(boolean b) { return b ? 1 : 0; } static int fetch_var(String name) { int result; if (globals.containsKey(name)) { result = globals.get(name); } else { globals.put(name, 0); result = 0; } return result; } static Integer interpret(Node n) throws Exception { if (n == null) { return 0; } switch (n.nt) { case nd_Integer: return Integer.parseInt(n.value); case nd_Ident: return fetch_var(n.value); case nd_String: return 1; case nd_Assign: globals.put(n.left.value, interpret(n.right)); return 0; case nd_Add: return interpret(n.left) + interpret(n.right); case nd_Sub: return interpret(n.left) - interpret(n.right); case nd_Mul: return interpret(n.left) * interpret(n.right); case nd_Div: return interpret(n.left) / interpret(n.right); case nd_Mod: return interpret(n.left) % interpret(n.right); case nd_Lss: return btoi(interpret(n.left) < interpret(n.right)); case nd_Leq: return btoi(interpret(n.left) <= interpret(n.right)); case nd_Gtr: return btoi(interpret(n.left) > interpret(n.right)); case nd_Geq: return btoi(interpret(n.left) >= interpret(n.right)); case nd_Eql: return btoi(interpret(n.left) == interpret(n.right)); case nd_Neq: return btoi(interpret(n.left) != interpret(n.right)); case nd_And: return btoi(itob(interpret(n.left)) && itob(interpret(n.right))); case nd_Or: return btoi(itob(interpret(n.left)) || itob(interpret(n.right))); case nd_Not: if (interpret(n.left) == 0) { return 1; } else { return 0; } case nd_Negate: return -interpret(n.left); case nd_If: if (interpret(n.left) != 0) { interpret(n.right.left); } else { interpret(n.right.right); } return 0; case nd_While: while (interpret(n.left) != 0) { interpret(n.right); } return 0; case nd_Prtc: System.out.printf("%c", interpret(n.left)); return 0; case nd_Prti: System.out.printf("%d", interpret(n.left)); return 0; case nd_Prts: System.out.print(str(n.left.value)); return 0; case nd_Sequence: interpret(n.left); interpret(n.right); return 0; default: throw new Exception("Error: '" + n.nt + "' found, expecting operator"); } } static Node load_ast() throws Exception { String command, value; String line; Node left, right; while (s.hasNext()) { line = s.nextLine(); value = null; if (line.length() > 16) { command = line.substring(0, 15).trim(); value = line.substring(15).trim(); } else { command = line.trim(); } if (command.equals(";")) { return null; } if (!str_to_nodes.containsKey(command)) { throw new Exception("Command not found: '" + command + "'"); } if (value != null) { return Node.make_leaf(str_to_nodes.get(command), value); } left = load_ast(); right = load_ast(); return Node.make_node(str_to_nodes.get(command), left, right); } return null; } public static void main(String[] args) { Node n; str_to_nodes.put(";", NodeType.nd_None); str_to_nodes.put("Sequence", NodeType.nd_Sequence); str_to_nodes.put("Identifier", NodeType.nd_Ident); str_to_nodes.put("String", NodeType.nd_String); str_to_nodes.put("Integer", NodeType.nd_Integer); str_to_nodes.put("If", NodeType.nd_If); str_to_nodes.put("While", NodeType.nd_While); str_to_nodes.put("Prtc", NodeType.nd_Prtc); str_to_nodes.put("Prts", NodeType.nd_Prts); str_to_nodes.put("Prti", NodeType.nd_Prti); str_to_nodes.put("Assign", NodeType.nd_Assign); str_to_nodes.put("Negate", NodeType.nd_Negate); str_to_nodes.put("Not", NodeType.nd_Not); str_to_nodes.put("Multiply", NodeType.nd_Mul); str_to_nodes.put("Divide", NodeType.nd_Div); str_to_nodes.put("Mod", NodeType.nd_Mod); str_to_nodes.put("Add", NodeType.nd_Add); str_to_nodes.put("Subtract", NodeType.nd_Sub); str_to_nodes.put("Less", NodeType.nd_Lss); str_to_nodes.put("LessEqual", NodeType.nd_Leq); str_to_nodes.put("Greater", NodeType.nd_Gtr); str_to_nodes.put("GreaterEqual", NodeType.nd_Geq); str_to_nodes.put("Equal", NodeType.nd_Eql); str_to_nodes.put("NotEqual", NodeType.nd_Neq); str_to_nodes.put("And", NodeType.nd_And); str_to_nodes.put("Or", NodeType.nd_Or); if (args.length > 0) { try { s = new Scanner(new File(args[0])); n = load_ast(); interpret(n); } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println("Ex: "+e.getMessage()); } } } }
def load_ast() line = readline() line_list = tokenize the line, respecting double quotes text = line_list[0] if text == ";" return NULL node_type = text if len(line_list) > 1 return make_leaf(node_type, line_list[1]) left = load_ast() right = load_ast() return make_node(node_type, left, right)
Transform the following Java implementation into Python, maintaining the same output and logic.
import java.util.Scanner; import java.io.File; import java.util.List; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Map; import java.util.HashMap; class Interpreter { static Map<String, Integer> globals = new HashMap<>(); static Scanner s; static List<Node> list = new ArrayList<>(); static Map<String, NodeType> str_to_nodes = new HashMap<>(); static class Node { public NodeType nt; public Node left, right; public String value; Node() { this.nt = null; this.left = null; this.right = null; this.value = null; } Node(NodeType node_type, Node left, Node right, String value) { this.nt = node_type; this.left = left; this.right = right; this.value = value; } public static Node make_node(NodeType nodetype, Node left, Node right) { return new Node(nodetype, left, right, ""); } public static Node make_node(NodeType nodetype, Node left) { return new Node(nodetype, left, null, ""); } public static Node make_leaf(NodeType nodetype, String value) { return new Node(nodetype, null, null, value); } } static enum NodeType { nd_None(";"), nd_Ident("Identifier"), nd_String("String"), nd_Integer("Integer"), nd_Sequence("Sequence"), nd_If("If"), nd_Prtc("Prtc"), nd_Prts("Prts"), nd_Prti("Prti"), nd_While("While"), nd_Assign("Assign"), nd_Negate("Negate"), nd_Not("Not"), nd_Mul("Multiply"), nd_Div("Divide"), nd_Mod("Mod"), nd_Add("Add"), nd_Sub("Subtract"), nd_Lss("Less"), nd_Leq("LessEqual"), nd_Gtr("Greater"), nd_Geq("GreaterEqual"), nd_Eql("Equal"), nd_Neq("NotEqual"), nd_And("And"), nd_Or("Or"); private final String name; NodeType(String name) { this.name = name; } @Override public String toString() { return this.name; } } static String str(String s) { String result = ""; int i = 0; s = s.replace("\"", ""); while (i < s.length()) { if (s.charAt(i) == '\\' && i + 1 < s.length()) { if (s.charAt(i + 1) == 'n') { result += '\n'; i += 2; } else if (s.charAt(i) == '\\') { result += '\\'; i += 2; } } else { result += s.charAt(i); i++; } } return result; } static boolean itob(int i) { return i != 0; } static int btoi(boolean b) { return b ? 1 : 0; } static int fetch_var(String name) { int result; if (globals.containsKey(name)) { result = globals.get(name); } else { globals.put(name, 0); result = 0; } return result; } static Integer interpret(Node n) throws Exception { if (n == null) { return 0; } switch (n.nt) { case nd_Integer: return Integer.parseInt(n.value); case nd_Ident: return fetch_var(n.value); case nd_String: return 1; case nd_Assign: globals.put(n.left.value, interpret(n.right)); return 0; case nd_Add: return interpret(n.left) + interpret(n.right); case nd_Sub: return interpret(n.left) - interpret(n.right); case nd_Mul: return interpret(n.left) * interpret(n.right); case nd_Div: return interpret(n.left) / interpret(n.right); case nd_Mod: return interpret(n.left) % interpret(n.right); case nd_Lss: return btoi(interpret(n.left) < interpret(n.right)); case nd_Leq: return btoi(interpret(n.left) <= interpret(n.right)); case nd_Gtr: return btoi(interpret(n.left) > interpret(n.right)); case nd_Geq: return btoi(interpret(n.left) >= interpret(n.right)); case nd_Eql: return btoi(interpret(n.left) == interpret(n.right)); case nd_Neq: return btoi(interpret(n.left) != interpret(n.right)); case nd_And: return btoi(itob(interpret(n.left)) && itob(interpret(n.right))); case nd_Or: return btoi(itob(interpret(n.left)) || itob(interpret(n.right))); case nd_Not: if (interpret(n.left) == 0) { return 1; } else { return 0; } case nd_Negate: return -interpret(n.left); case nd_If: if (interpret(n.left) != 0) { interpret(n.right.left); } else { interpret(n.right.right); } return 0; case nd_While: while (interpret(n.left) != 0) { interpret(n.right); } return 0; case nd_Prtc: System.out.printf("%c", interpret(n.left)); return 0; case nd_Prti: System.out.printf("%d", interpret(n.left)); return 0; case nd_Prts: System.out.print(str(n.left.value)); return 0; case nd_Sequence: interpret(n.left); interpret(n.right); return 0; default: throw new Exception("Error: '" + n.nt + "' found, expecting operator"); } } static Node load_ast() throws Exception { String command, value; String line; Node left, right; while (s.hasNext()) { line = s.nextLine(); value = null; if (line.length() > 16) { command = line.substring(0, 15).trim(); value = line.substring(15).trim(); } else { command = line.trim(); } if (command.equals(";")) { return null; } if (!str_to_nodes.containsKey(command)) { throw new Exception("Command not found: '" + command + "'"); } if (value != null) { return Node.make_leaf(str_to_nodes.get(command), value); } left = load_ast(); right = load_ast(); return Node.make_node(str_to_nodes.get(command), left, right); } return null; } public static void main(String[] args) { Node n; str_to_nodes.put(";", NodeType.nd_None); str_to_nodes.put("Sequence", NodeType.nd_Sequence); str_to_nodes.put("Identifier", NodeType.nd_Ident); str_to_nodes.put("String", NodeType.nd_String); str_to_nodes.put("Integer", NodeType.nd_Integer); str_to_nodes.put("If", NodeType.nd_If); str_to_nodes.put("While", NodeType.nd_While); str_to_nodes.put("Prtc", NodeType.nd_Prtc); str_to_nodes.put("Prts", NodeType.nd_Prts); str_to_nodes.put("Prti", NodeType.nd_Prti); str_to_nodes.put("Assign", NodeType.nd_Assign); str_to_nodes.put("Negate", NodeType.nd_Negate); str_to_nodes.put("Not", NodeType.nd_Not); str_to_nodes.put("Multiply", NodeType.nd_Mul); str_to_nodes.put("Divide", NodeType.nd_Div); str_to_nodes.put("Mod", NodeType.nd_Mod); str_to_nodes.put("Add", NodeType.nd_Add); str_to_nodes.put("Subtract", NodeType.nd_Sub); str_to_nodes.put("Less", NodeType.nd_Lss); str_to_nodes.put("LessEqual", NodeType.nd_Leq); str_to_nodes.put("Greater", NodeType.nd_Gtr); str_to_nodes.put("GreaterEqual", NodeType.nd_Geq); str_to_nodes.put("Equal", NodeType.nd_Eql); str_to_nodes.put("NotEqual", NodeType.nd_Neq); str_to_nodes.put("And", NodeType.nd_And); str_to_nodes.put("Or", NodeType.nd_Or); if (args.length > 0) { try { s = new Scanner(new File(args[0])); n = load_ast(); interpret(n); } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println("Ex: "+e.getMessage()); } } } }
def load_ast() line = readline() line_list = tokenize the line, respecting double quotes text = line_list[0] if text == ";" return NULL node_type = text if len(line_list) > 1 return make_leaf(node_type, line_list[1]) left = load_ast() right = load_ast() return make_node(node_type, left, right)
Convert this Java block to Python, preserving its control flow and logic.
System.out.println(BigInteger.valueOf(42).modInverse(BigInteger.valueOf(2017)));
>>> def extended_gcd(aa, bb): lastremainder, remainder = abs(aa), abs(bb) x, lastx, y, lasty = 0, 1, 1, 0 while remainder: lastremainder, (quotient, remainder) = remainder, divmod(lastremainder, remainder) x, lastx = lastx - quotient*x, x y, lasty = lasty - quotient*y, y return lastremainder, lastx * (-1 if aa < 0 else 1), lasty * (-1 if bb < 0 else 1) >>> def modinv(a, m): g, x, y = extended_gcd(a, m) if g != 1: raise ValueError return x % m >>> modinv(42, 2017) 1969 >>>
Translate this program into Python but keep the logic exactly as in Java.
System.out.println(BigInteger.valueOf(42).modInverse(BigInteger.valueOf(2017)));
>>> def extended_gcd(aa, bb): lastremainder, remainder = abs(aa), abs(bb) x, lastx, y, lasty = 0, 1, 1, 0 while remainder: lastremainder, (quotient, remainder) = remainder, divmod(lastremainder, remainder) x, lastx = lastx - quotient*x, x y, lasty = lasty - quotient*y, y return lastremainder, lastx * (-1 if aa < 0 else 1), lasty * (-1 if bb < 0 else 1) >>> def modinv(a, m): g, x, y = extended_gcd(a, m) if g != 1: raise ValueError return x % m >>> modinv(42, 2017) 1969 >>>
Can you help me rewrite this code in Python instead of Java, keeping it the same logically?
Point p = component.getLocation(); Robot robot = new Robot(); robot.mouseMove(p.getX(), p.getY()); robot.mousePress(InputEvent.BUTTON1_MASK); robot.mouseRelease(InputEvent.BUTTON1_MASK);
import ctypes def click(): ctypes.windll.user32.mouse_event(0x2, 0,0,0,0) ctypes.windll.user32.mouse_event(0x4, 0,0,0,0) click()
Generate an equivalent Python version of this Java code.
import java.io.IOException; import java.io.PrintWriter; import java.net.ServerSocket; import java.net.Socket; public class HelloWorld{ public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException{ ServerSocket listener = new ServerSocket(8080); while(true){ Socket sock = listener.accept(); new PrintWriter(sock.getOutputStream(), true). println("Goodbye, World!"); sock.close(); } } }
from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server def app(environ, start_response): start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type','text/html')]) yield b"<h1>Goodbye, World!</h1>" server = make_server('127.0.0.1', 8080, app) server.serve_forever()
Translate this program into Python but keep the logic exactly as in Java.
public class Clear { public static void main (String[] args) { System.out.print("\033[2J"); } }
import os os.system("clear")
Translate this program into Python but keep the logic exactly as in Java.
size(1000,1000); surface.setTitle("Sunflower..."); int iter = 3000; float factor = .5 + sqrt(1.25),r,theta,diskRatio=0.5; float x = width/2.0, y = height/2.0; double maxRad = pow(iter,factor)/iter; int i; background(#add8e6); for(i=0;i<=iter;i++){ r = pow(i,factor)/iter; if(r/maxRad < diskRatio){ stroke(#000000); } else stroke(#ffff00); theta = 2*PI*factor*i; ellipse(x + r*sin(theta), y + r*cos(theta), 10 * i/(1.0*iter),10 * i/(1.0*iter)); }
from turtle import * from math import * iter = 3000 diskRatio = .5 factor = .5 + sqrt(1.25) screen = getscreen() (winWidth, winHeight) = screen.screensize() x = 0.0 y = 0.0 maxRad = pow(iter,factor)/iter; bgcolor("light blue") hideturtle() tracer(0, 0) for i in range(iter+1): r = pow(i,factor)/iter; if r/maxRad < diskRatio: pencolor("black") else: pencolor("yellow") theta = 2*pi*factor*i; up() setposition(x + r*sin(theta), y + r*cos(theta)) down() circle(10.0 * i/(1.0*iter)) update() done()
Ensure the translated Python code behaves exactly like the original Java snippet.
import java.util.Arrays; import static java.util.Arrays.stream; import java.util.concurrent.*; public class VogelsApproximationMethod { final static int[] demand = {30, 20, 70, 30, 60}; final static int[] supply = {50, 60, 50, 50}; final static int[][] costs = {{16, 16, 13, 22, 17}, {14, 14, 13, 19, 15}, {19, 19, 20, 23, 50}, {50, 12, 50, 15, 11}}; final static int nRows = supply.length; final static int nCols = demand.length; static boolean[] rowDone = new boolean[nRows]; static boolean[] colDone = new boolean[nCols]; static int[][] result = new int[nRows][nCols]; static ExecutorService es = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2); public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { int supplyLeft = stream(supply).sum(); int totalCost = 0; while (supplyLeft > 0) { int[] cell = nextCell(); int r = cell[0]; int c = cell[1]; int quantity = Math.min(demand[c], supply[r]); demand[c] -= quantity; if (demand[c] == 0) colDone[c] = true; supply[r] -= quantity; if (supply[r] == 0) rowDone[r] = true; result[r][c] = quantity; supplyLeft -= quantity; totalCost += quantity * costs[r][c]; } stream(result).forEach(a -> System.out.println(Arrays.toString(a))); System.out.println("Total cost: " + totalCost); es.shutdown(); } static int[] nextCell() throws Exception { Future<int[]> f1 = es.submit(() -> maxPenalty(nRows, nCols, true)); Future<int[]> f2 = es.submit(() -> maxPenalty(nCols, nRows, false)); int[] res1 = f1.get(); int[] res2 = f2.get(); if (res1[3] == res2[3]) return res1[2] < res2[2] ? res1 : res2; return (res1[3] > res2[3]) ? res2 : res1; } static int[] diff(int j, int len, boolean isRow) { int min1 = Integer.MAX_VALUE, min2 = Integer.MAX_VALUE; int minP = -1; for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) { if (isRow ? colDone[i] : rowDone[i]) continue; int c = isRow ? costs[j][i] : costs[i][j]; if (c < min1) { min2 = min1; min1 = c; minP = i; } else if (c < min2) min2 = c; } return new int[]{min2 - min1, min1, minP}; } static int[] maxPenalty(int len1, int len2, boolean isRow) { int md = Integer.MIN_VALUE; int pc = -1, pm = -1, mc = -1; for (int i = 0; i < len1; i++) { if (isRow ? rowDone[i] : colDone[i]) continue; int[] res = diff(i, len2, isRow); if (res[0] > md) { md = res[0]; pm = i; mc = res[1]; pc = res[2]; } } return isRow ? new int[]{pm, pc, mc, md} : new int[]{pc, pm, mc, md}; } }
from collections import defaultdict costs = {'W': {'A': 16, 'B': 16, 'C': 13, 'D': 22, 'E': 17}, 'X': {'A': 14, 'B': 14, 'C': 13, 'D': 19, 'E': 15}, 'Y': {'A': 19, 'B': 19, 'C': 20, 'D': 23, 'E': 50}, 'Z': {'A': 50, 'B': 12, 'C': 50, 'D': 15, 'E': 11}} demand = {'A': 30, 'B': 20, 'C': 70, 'D': 30, 'E': 60} cols = sorted(demand.iterkeys()) supply = {'W': 50, 'X': 60, 'Y': 50, 'Z': 50} res = dict((k, defaultdict(int)) for k in costs) g = {} for x in supply: g[x] = sorted(costs[x].iterkeys(), key=lambda g: costs[x][g]) for x in demand: g[x] = sorted(costs.iterkeys(), key=lambda g: costs[g][x]) while g: d = {} for x in demand: d[x] = (costs[g[x][1]][x] - costs[g[x][0]][x]) if len(g[x]) > 1 else costs[g[x][0]][x] s = {} for x in supply: s[x] = (costs[x][g[x][1]] - costs[x][g[x][0]]) if len(g[x]) > 1 else costs[x][g[x][0]] f = max(d, key=lambda n: d[n]) t = max(s, key=lambda n: s[n]) t, f = (f, g[f][0]) if d[f] > s[t] else (g[t][0], t) v = min(supply[f], demand[t]) res[f][t] += v demand[t] -= v if demand[t] == 0: for k, n in supply.iteritems(): if n != 0: g[k].remove(t) del g[t] del demand[t] supply[f] -= v if supply[f] == 0: for k, n in demand.iteritems(): if n != 0: g[k].remove(f) del g[f] del supply[f] for n in cols: print "\t", n, print cost = 0 for g in sorted(costs): print g, "\t", for n in cols: y = res[g][n] if y != 0: print y, cost += y * costs[g][n] print "\t", print print "\n\nTotal Cost = ", cost
Port the provided Java code into Python while preserving the original functionality.
public class AirMass { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("Angle 0 m 13700 m"); System.out.println("------------------------------------"); for (double z = 0; z <= 90; z+= 5) { System.out.printf("%2.0f %11.8f %11.8f\n", z, airmass(0.0, z), airmass(13700.0, z)); } } private static double rho(double a) { return Math.exp(-a / 8500.0); } private static double height(double a, double z, double d) { double aa = RE + a; double hh = Math.sqrt(aa * aa + d * d - 2.0 * d * aa * Math.cos(Math.toRadians(180 - z))); return hh - RE; } private static double columnDensity(double a, double z) { double sum = 0.0, d = 0.0; while (d < FIN) { double delta = Math.max(DD * d, DD); sum += rho(height(a, z, d + 0.5 * delta)) * delta; d += delta; } return sum; } private static double airmass(double a, double z) { return columnDensity(a, z) / columnDensity(a, 0.0); } private static final double RE = 6371000.0; private static final double DD = 0.001; private static final double FIN = 10000000.0; }
from math import sqrt, cos, exp DEG = 0.017453292519943295769236907684886127134 RE = 6371000 dd = 0.001 FIN = 10000000 def rho(a): return exp(-a / 8500.0) def height(a, z, d): return sqrt((RE + a)**2 + d**2 - 2 * d * (RE + a) * cos((180 - z) * DEG)) - RE def column_density(a, z): dsum, d = 0.0, 0.0 while d < FIN: delta = max(dd, (dd)*d) dsum += rho(height(a, z, d + 0.5 * delta)) * delta d += delta return dsum def airmass(a, z): return column_density(a, z) / column_density(a, 0) print('Angle 0 m 13700 m\n', '-' * 36) for z in range(0, 91, 5): print(f"{z: 3d} {airmass(0, z): 12.7f} {airmass(13700, z): 12.7f}")
Port the provided Java code into Python while preserving the original functionality.
public class PancakeSort { int[] heap; public String toString() { String info = ""; for (int x: heap) info += x + " "; return info; } public void flip(int n) { for (int i = 0; i < (n+1) / 2; ++i) { int tmp = heap[i]; heap[i] = heap[n-i]; heap[n-i] = tmp; } System.out.println("flip(0.." + n + "): " + toString()); } public int[] minmax(int n) { int xm, xM; xm = xM = heap[0]; int posm = 0, posM = 0; for (int i = 1; i < n; ++i) { if (heap[i] < xm) { xm = heap[i]; posm = i; } else if (heap[i] > xM) { xM = heap[i]; posM = i; } } return new int[] {posm, posM}; } public void sort(int n, int dir) { if (n == 0) return; int[] mM = minmax(n); int bestXPos = mM[dir]; int altXPos = mM[1-dir]; boolean flipped = false; if (bestXPos == n-1) { --n; } else if (bestXPos == 0) { flip(n-1); --n; } else if (altXPos == n-1) { dir = 1-dir; --n; flipped = true; } else { flip(bestXPos); } sort(n, dir); if (flipped) { flip(n); } } PancakeSort(int[] numbers) { heap = numbers; sort(numbers.length, 1); } public static void main(String[] args) { int[] numbers = new int[args.length]; for (int i = 0; i < args.length; ++i) numbers[i] = Integer.valueOf(args[i]); PancakeSort pancakes = new PancakeSort(numbers); System.out.println(pancakes); } }
tutor = False def pancakesort(data): if len(data) <= 1: return data if tutor: print() for size in range(len(data), 1, -1): maxindex = max(range(size), key=data.__getitem__) if maxindex+1 != size: if maxindex != 0: if tutor: print('With: %r doflip %i' % ( ' '.join(str(x) for x in data), maxindex+1 )) data[:maxindex+1] = reversed(data[:maxindex+1]) if tutor: print('With: %r doflip %i' % ( ' '.join(str(x) for x in data), size )) data[:size] = reversed(data[:size]) if tutor: print()
Generate an equivalent Python version of this Java code.
public class PancakeSort { int[] heap; public String toString() { String info = ""; for (int x: heap) info += x + " "; return info; } public void flip(int n) { for (int i = 0; i < (n+1) / 2; ++i) { int tmp = heap[i]; heap[i] = heap[n-i]; heap[n-i] = tmp; } System.out.println("flip(0.." + n + "): " + toString()); } public int[] minmax(int n) { int xm, xM; xm = xM = heap[0]; int posm = 0, posM = 0; for (int i = 1; i < n; ++i) { if (heap[i] < xm) { xm = heap[i]; posm = i; } else if (heap[i] > xM) { xM = heap[i]; posM = i; } } return new int[] {posm, posM}; } public void sort(int n, int dir) { if (n == 0) return; int[] mM = minmax(n); int bestXPos = mM[dir]; int altXPos = mM[1-dir]; boolean flipped = false; if (bestXPos == n-1) { --n; } else if (bestXPos == 0) { flip(n-1); --n; } else if (altXPos == n-1) { dir = 1-dir; --n; flipped = true; } else { flip(bestXPos); } sort(n, dir); if (flipped) { flip(n); } } PancakeSort(int[] numbers) { heap = numbers; sort(numbers.length, 1); } public static void main(String[] args) { int[] numbers = new int[args.length]; for (int i = 0; i < args.length; ++i) numbers[i] = Integer.valueOf(args[i]); PancakeSort pancakes = new PancakeSort(numbers); System.out.println(pancakes); } }
tutor = False def pancakesort(data): if len(data) <= 1: return data if tutor: print() for size in range(len(data), 1, -1): maxindex = max(range(size), key=data.__getitem__) if maxindex+1 != size: if maxindex != 0: if tutor: print('With: %r doflip %i' % ( ' '.join(str(x) for x in data), maxindex+1 )) data[:maxindex+1] = reversed(data[:maxindex+1]) if tutor: print('With: %r doflip %i' % ( ' '.join(str(x) for x in data), size )) data[:size] = reversed(data[:size]) if tutor: print()
Please provide an equivalent version of this Java code in Python.
import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; import java.util.regex.Pattern; public class ChemicalCalculator { private static final Map<String, Double> atomicMass = new HashMap<>(); static { atomicMass.put("H", 1.008); atomicMass.put("He", 4.002602); atomicMass.put("Li", 6.94); atomicMass.put("Be", 9.0121831); atomicMass.put("B", 10.81); atomicMass.put("C", 12.011); atomicMass.put("N", 14.007); atomicMass.put("O", 15.999); atomicMass.put("F", 18.998403163); atomicMass.put("Ne", 20.1797); atomicMass.put("Na", 22.98976928); atomicMass.put("Mg", 24.305); atomicMass.put("Al", 26.9815385); atomicMass.put("Si", 28.085); atomicMass.put("P", 30.973761998); atomicMass.put("S", 32.06); atomicMass.put("Cl", 35.45); atomicMass.put("Ar", 39.948); atomicMass.put("K", 39.0983); atomicMass.put("Ca", 40.078); atomicMass.put("Sc", 44.955908); atomicMass.put("Ti", 47.867); atomicMass.put("V", 50.9415); atomicMass.put("Cr", 51.9961); atomicMass.put("Mn", 54.938044); atomicMass.put("Fe", 55.845); atomicMass.put("Co", 58.933194); atomicMass.put("Ni", 58.6934); atomicMass.put("Cu", 63.546); atomicMass.put("Zn", 65.38); atomicMass.put("Ga", 69.723); atomicMass.put("Ge", 72.630); atomicMass.put("As", 74.921595); atomicMass.put("Se", 78.971); atomicMass.put("Br", 79.904); atomicMass.put("Kr", 83.798); atomicMass.put("Rb", 85.4678); atomicMass.put("Sr", 87.62); atomicMass.put("Y", 88.90584); atomicMass.put("Zr", 91.224); atomicMass.put("Nb", 92.90637); atomicMass.put("Mo", 95.95); atomicMass.put("Ru", 101.07); atomicMass.put("Rh", 102.90550); atomicMass.put("Pd", 106.42); atomicMass.put("Ag", 107.8682); atomicMass.put("Cd", 112.414); atomicMass.put("In", 114.818); atomicMass.put("Sn", 118.710); atomicMass.put("Sb", 121.760); atomicMass.put("Te", 127.60); atomicMass.put("I", 126.90447); atomicMass.put("Xe", 131.293); atomicMass.put("Cs", 132.90545196); atomicMass.put("Ba", 137.327); atomicMass.put("La", 138.90547); atomicMass.put("Ce", 140.116); atomicMass.put("Pr", 140.90766); atomicMass.put("Nd", 144.242); atomicMass.put("Pm", 145.0); atomicMass.put("Sm", 150.36); atomicMass.put("Eu", 151.964); atomicMass.put("Gd", 157.25); atomicMass.put("Tb", 158.92535); atomicMass.put("Dy", 162.500); atomicMass.put("Ho", 164.93033); atomicMass.put("Er", 167.259); atomicMass.put("Tm", 168.93422); atomicMass.put("Yb", 173.054); atomicMass.put("Lu", 174.9668); atomicMass.put("Hf", 178.49); atomicMass.put("Ta", 180.94788); atomicMass.put("W", 183.84); atomicMass.put("Re", 186.207); atomicMass.put("Os", 190.23); atomicMass.put("Ir", 192.217); atomicMass.put("Pt", 195.084); atomicMass.put("Au", 196.966569); atomicMass.put("Hg", 200.592); atomicMass.put("Tl", 204.38); atomicMass.put("Pb", 207.2); atomicMass.put("Bi", 208.98040); atomicMass.put("Po", 209.0); atomicMass.put("At", 210.0); atomicMass.put("Rn", 222.0); atomicMass.put("Fr", 223.0); atomicMass.put("Ra", 226.0); atomicMass.put("Ac", 227.0); atomicMass.put("Th", 232.0377); atomicMass.put("Pa", 231.03588); atomicMass.put("U", 238.02891); atomicMass.put("Np", 237.0); atomicMass.put("Pu", 244.0); atomicMass.put("Am", 243.0); atomicMass.put("Cm", 247.0); atomicMass.put("Bk", 247.0); atomicMass.put("Cf", 251.0); atomicMass.put("Es", 252.0); atomicMass.put("Fm", 257.0); atomicMass.put("Uue", 315.0); atomicMass.put("Ubn", 299.0); } private static double evaluate(String s) { String sym = s + "["; double sum = 0.0; StringBuilder symbol = new StringBuilder(); String number = ""; for (int i = 0; i < sym.length(); ++i) { char c = sym.charAt(i); if ('@' <= c && c <= '[') { int n = 1; if (!number.isEmpty()) { n = Integer.parseInt(number); } if (symbol.length() > 0) { sum += atomicMass.getOrDefault(symbol.toString(), 0.0) * n; } if (c == '[') { break; } symbol = new StringBuilder(String.valueOf(c)); number = ""; } else if ('a' <= c && c <= 'z') { symbol.append(c); } else if ('0' <= c && c <= '9') { number += c; } else { throw new RuntimeException("Unexpected symbol " + c + " in molecule"); } } return sum; } private static String replaceParens(String s) { char letter = 'a'; String si = s; while (true) { int start = si.indexOf('('); if (start == -1) { break; } for (int i = start + 1; i < si.length(); ++i) { if (si.charAt(i) == ')') { String expr = si.substring(start + 1, i); String symbol = "@" + letter; String pattern = Pattern.quote(si.substring(start, i + 1)); si = si.replaceFirst(pattern, symbol); atomicMass.put(symbol, evaluate(expr)); letter++; break; } if (si.charAt(i) == '(') { start = i; } } } return si; } public static void main(String[] args) { List<String> molecules = List.of( "H", "H2", "H2O", "H2O2", "(HO)2", "Na2SO4", "C6H12", "COOH(C(CH3)2)3CH3", "C6H4O2(OH)4", "C27H46O", "Uue" ); for (String molecule : molecules) { double mass = evaluate(replaceParens(molecule)); System.out.printf("%17s -> %7.3f\n", molecule, mass); } } }
assert 1.008 == molar_mass('H') assert 2.016 == molar_mass('H2') assert 18.015 == molar_mass('H2O') assert 34.014 == molar_mass('H2O2') assert 34.014 == molar_mass('(HO)2') assert 142.036 == molar_mass('Na2SO4') assert 84.162 == molar_mass('C6H12') assert 186.295 == molar_mass('COOH(C(CH3)2)3CH3') assert 176.124 == molar_mass('C6H4O2(OH)4') assert 386.664 == molar_mass('C27H46O') assert 315 == molar_mass('Uue')
Convert the following code from Java to Python, ensuring the logic remains intact.
import java.io.IOException; import org.apache.directory.api.ldap.model.exception.LdapException; import org.apache.directory.ldap.client.api.LdapConnection; import org.apache.directory.ldap.client.api.LdapNetworkConnection; public class LdapConnectionDemo { public static void main(String[] args) throws LdapException, IOException { try (LdapConnection connection = new LdapNetworkConnection("localhost", 10389)) { connection.bind(); connection.unBind(); } } }
import ldap l = ldap.initialize("ldap://ldap.example.com") try: l.protocol_version = ldap.VERSION3 l.set_option(ldap.OPT_REFERRALS, 0) bind = l.simple_bind_s("me@example.com", "password") finally: l.unbind()
Change the following Java code into Python without altering its purpose.
package org.rosettacode.java; import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.stream.IntStream; public class HeapsAlgorithm { public static void main(String[] args) { Object[] array = IntStream.range(0, 4) .boxed() .toArray(); HeapsAlgorithm algorithm = new HeapsAlgorithm(); algorithm.recursive(array); System.out.println(); algorithm.loop(array); } void recursive(Object[] array) { recursive(array, array.length, true); } void recursive(Object[] array, int n, boolean plus) { if (n == 1) { output(array, plus); } else { for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { recursive(array, n - 1, i == 0); swap(array, n % 2 == 0 ? i : 0, n - 1); } } } void output(Object[] array, boolean plus) { System.out.println(Arrays.toString(array) + (plus ? " +1" : " -1")); } void swap(Object[] array, int a, int b) { Object o = array[a]; array[a] = array[b]; array[b] = o; } void loop(Object[] array) { loop(array, array.length); } void loop(Object[] array, int n) { int[] c = new int[n]; output(array, true); boolean plus = false; for (int i = 0; i < n; ) { if (c[i] < i) { if (i % 2 == 0) { swap(array, 0, i); } else { swap(array, c[i], i); } output(array, plus); plus = !plus; c[i]++; i = 0; } else { c[i] = 0; i++; } } } }
from operator import itemgetter DEBUG = False def spermutations(n): sign = 1 p = [[i, 0 if i == 0 else -1] for i in range(n)] if DEBUG: print ' yield tuple(pp[0] for pp in p), sign while any(pp[1] for pp in p): i1, (n1, d1) = max(((i, pp) for i, pp in enumerate(p) if pp[1]), key=itemgetter(1)) sign *= -1 if d1 == -1: i2 = i1 - 1 p[i1], p[i2] = p[i2], p[i1] if i2 == 0 or p[i2 - 1][0] > n1: p[i2][1] = 0 elif d1 == 1: i2 = i1 + 1 p[i1], p[i2] = p[i2], p[i1] if i2 == n - 1 or p[i2 + 1][0] > n1: p[i2][1] = 0 if DEBUG: print ' yield tuple(pp[0] for pp in p), sign for i3, pp in enumerate(p): n3, d3 = pp if n3 > n1: pp[1] = 1 if i3 < i2 else -1 if DEBUG: print ' if __name__ == '__main__': from itertools import permutations for n in (3, 4): print '\nPermutations and sign of %i items' % n sp = set() for i in spermutations(n): sp.add(i[0]) print('Perm: %r Sign: %2i' % i) p = set(permutations(range(n))) assert sp == p, 'Two methods of generating permutations do not agree'
Transform the following Java implementation into Python, maintaining the same output and logic.
import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; public class PythagoreanQuadruples { public static void main(String[] args) { long d = 2200; System.out.printf("Values of d < %d where a, b, and c are non-zero and a^2 + b^2 + c^2 = d^2 has no solutions:%n%s%n", d, getPythagoreanQuadruples(d)); } private static List<Long> getPythagoreanQuadruples(long max) { List<Long> list = new ArrayList<>(); long n = -1; long m = -1; while ( true ) { long nTest = (long) Math.pow(2, n+1); long mTest = (long) (5L * Math.pow(2, m+1)); long test = 0; if ( nTest > mTest ) { test = mTest; m++; } else { test = nTest; n++; } if ( test < max ) { list.add(test); } else { break; } } return list; } }
def quad(top=2200): r = [False] * top ab = [False] * (top * 2)**2 for a in range(1, top): for b in range(a, top): ab[a * a + b * b] = True s = 3 for c in range(1, top): s1, s, s2 = s, s + 2, s + 2 for d in range(c + 1, top): if ab[s1]: r[d] = True s1 += s2 s2 += 2 return [i for i, val in enumerate(r) if not val and i] if __name__ == '__main__': n = 2200 print(f"Those values of d in 1..{n} that can't be represented: {quad(n)}")
Translate the given Java code snippet into Python without altering its behavior.
import java.io.*; import java.util.*; import java.util.regex.*; public class UpdateConfig { public static void main(String[] args) { if (args[0] == null) { System.out.println("filename required"); } else if (readConfig(args[0])) { enableOption("seedsremoved"); disableOption("needspeeling"); setOption("numberofbananas", "1024"); addOption("numberofstrawberries", "62000"); store(); } } private enum EntryType { EMPTY, ENABLED, DISABLED, COMMENT } private static class Entry { EntryType type; String name, value; Entry(EntryType t, String n, String v) { type = t; name = n; value = v; } } private static Map<String, Entry> entries = new LinkedHashMap<>(); private static String path; private static boolean readConfig(String p) { path = p; File f = new File(path); if (!f.exists() || f.isDirectory()) return false; String regexString = "^(;*)\\s*([A-Za-z0-9]+)\\s*([A-Za-z0-9]*)"; Pattern regex = Pattern.compile(regexString); try (Scanner sc = new Scanner(new FileReader(f))){ int emptyLines = 0; String line; while (sc.hasNext()) { line = sc.nextLine().trim(); if (line.isEmpty()) { addOption("" + emptyLines++, null, EntryType.EMPTY); } else if (line.charAt(0) == '#') { entries.put(line, new Entry(EntryType.COMMENT, line, null)); } else { line = line.replaceAll("[^a-zA-Z0-9\\x20;]", ""); Matcher m = regex.matcher(line); if (m.find() && !m.group(2).isEmpty()) { EntryType t = EntryType.ENABLED; if (!m.group(1).isEmpty()) t = EntryType.DISABLED; addOption(m.group(2), m.group(3), t); } } } } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println(e); } return true; } private static void addOption(String name, String value) { addOption(name, value, EntryType.ENABLED); } private static void addOption(String name, String value, EntryType t) { name = name.toUpperCase(); entries.put(name, new Entry(t, name, value)); } private static void enableOption(String name) { Entry e = entries.get(name.toUpperCase()); if (e != null) e.type = EntryType.ENABLED; } private static void disableOption(String name) { Entry e = entries.get(name.toUpperCase()); if (e != null) e.type = EntryType.DISABLED; } private static void setOption(String name, String value) { Entry e = entries.get(name.toUpperCase()); if (e != null) e.value = value; } private static void store() { try (PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(path)) { for (Entry e : entries.values()) { switch (e.type) { case EMPTY: pw.println(); break; case ENABLED: pw.format("%s %s%n", e.name, e.value); break; case DISABLED: pw.format("; %s %s%n", e.name, e.value); break; case COMMENT: pw.println(e.name); break; default: break; } } if (pw.checkError()) { throw new IOException("writing to file failed"); } } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println(e); } } }
import re import string DISABLED_PREFIX = ';' class Option(object): def __init__(self, name, value=None, disabled=False, disabled_prefix=DISABLED_PREFIX): self.name = str(name) self.value = value self.disabled = bool(disabled) self.disabled_prefix = disabled_prefix def __str__(self): disabled = ('', '%s ' % self.disabled_prefix)[self.disabled] value = (' %s' % self.value, '')[self.value is None] return ''.join((disabled, self.name, value)) def get(self): enabled = not bool(self.disabled) if self.value is None: value = enabled else: value = enabled and self.value return value class Config(object): reOPTION = r'^\s*(?P<disabled>%s*)\s*(?P<name>\w+)(?:\s+(?P<value>.+?))?\s*$' def __init__(self, fname=None, disabled_prefix=DISABLED_PREFIX): self.disabled_prefix = disabled_prefix self.contents = [] self.options = {} self.creOPTION = re.compile(self.reOPTION % self.disabled_prefix) if fname: self.parse_file(fname) def __str__(self): return '\n'.join(map(str, self.contents)) def parse_file(self, fname): with open(fname) as f: self.parse_lines(f) return self def parse_lines(self, lines): for line in lines: self.parse_line(line) return self def parse_line(self, line): s = ''.join(c for c in line.strip() if c in string.printable) moOPTION = self.creOPTION.match(s) if moOPTION: name = moOPTION.group('name').upper() if not name in self.options: self.add_option(name, moOPTION.group('value'), moOPTION.group('disabled')) else: if not s.startswith(self.disabled_prefix): self.contents.append(line.rstrip()) return self def add_option(self, name, value=None, disabled=False): name = name.upper() opt = Option(name, value, disabled) self.options[name] = opt self.contents.append(opt) return opt def set_option(self, name, value=None, disabled=False): name = name.upper() opt = self.options.get(name) if opt: opt.value = value opt.disabled = disabled else: opt = self.add_option(name, value, disabled) return opt def enable_option(self, name, value=None): return self.set_option(name, value, False) def disable_option(self, name, value=None): return self.set_option(name, value, True) def get_option(self, name): opt = self.options.get(name.upper()) value = opt.get() if opt else None return value if __name__ == '__main__': import sys cfg = Config(sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1 else None) cfg.disable_option('needspeeling') cfg.enable_option('seedsremoved') cfg.enable_option('numberofbananas', 1024) cfg.enable_option('numberofstrawberries', 62000) print cfg
Write a version of this Java function in Python with identical behavior.
import java.awt.image.*; import java.io.File; import java.io.IOException; import javax.imageio.*; public class ImageConvolution { public static class ArrayData { public final int[] dataArray; public final int width; public final int height; public ArrayData(int width, int height) { this(new int[width * height], width, height); } public ArrayData(int[] dataArray, int width, int height) { this.dataArray = dataArray; this.width = width; this.height = height; } public int get(int x, int y) { return dataArray[y * width + x]; } public void set(int x, int y, int value) { dataArray[y * width + x] = value; } } private static int bound(int value, int endIndex) { if (value < 0) return 0; if (value < endIndex) return value; return endIndex - 1; } public static ArrayData convolute(ArrayData inputData, ArrayData kernel, int kernelDivisor) { int inputWidth = inputData.width; int inputHeight = inputData.height; int kernelWidth = kernel.width; int kernelHeight = kernel.height; if ((kernelWidth <= 0) || ((kernelWidth & 1) != 1)) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Kernel must have odd width"); if ((kernelHeight <= 0) || ((kernelHeight & 1) != 1)) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Kernel must have odd height"); int kernelWidthRadius = kernelWidth >>> 1; int kernelHeightRadius = kernelHeight >>> 1; ArrayData outputData = new ArrayData(inputWidth, inputHeight); for (int i = inputWidth - 1; i >= 0; i--) { for (int j = inputHeight - 1; j >= 0; j--) { double newValue = 0.0; for (int kw = kernelWidth - 1; kw >= 0; kw--) for (int kh = kernelHeight - 1; kh >= 0; kh--) newValue += kernel.get(kw, kh) * inputData.get( bound(i + kw - kernelWidthRadius, inputWidth), bound(j + kh - kernelHeightRadius, inputHeight)); outputData.set(i, j, (int)Math.round(newValue / kernelDivisor)); } } return outputData; } public static ArrayData[] getArrayDatasFromImage(String filename) throws IOException { BufferedImage inputImage = ImageIO.read(new File(filename)); int width = inputImage.getWidth(); int height = inputImage.getHeight(); int[] rgbData = inputImage.getRGB(0, 0, width, height, null, 0, width); ArrayData reds = new ArrayData(width, height); ArrayData greens = new ArrayData(width, height); ArrayData blues = new ArrayData(width, height); for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) { for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) { int rgbValue = rgbData[y * width + x]; reds.set(x, y, (rgbValue >>> 16) & 0xFF); greens.set(x, y, (rgbValue >>> 8) & 0xFF); blues.set(x, y, rgbValue & 0xFF); } } return new ArrayData[] { reds, greens, blues }; } public static void writeOutputImage(String filename, ArrayData[] redGreenBlue) throws IOException { ArrayData reds = redGreenBlue[0]; ArrayData greens = redGreenBlue[1]; ArrayData blues = redGreenBlue[2]; BufferedImage outputImage = new BufferedImage(reds.width, reds.height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB); for (int y = 0; y < reds.height; y++) { for (int x = 0; x < reds.width; x++) { int red = bound(reds.get(x, y), 256); int green = bound(greens.get(x, y), 256); int blue = bound(blues.get(x, y), 256); outputImage.setRGB(x, y, (red << 16) | (green << 8) | blue | -0x01000000); } } ImageIO.write(outputImage, "PNG", new File(filename)); return; } public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { int kernelWidth = Integer.parseInt(args[2]); int kernelHeight = Integer.parseInt(args[3]); int kernelDivisor = Integer.parseInt(args[4]); System.out.println("Kernel size: " + kernelWidth + "x" + kernelHeight + ", divisor=" + kernelDivisor); int y = 5; ArrayData kernel = new ArrayData(kernelWidth, kernelHeight); for (int i = 0; i < kernelHeight; i++) { System.out.print("["); for (int j = 0; j < kernelWidth; j++) { kernel.set(j, i, Integer.parseInt(args[y++])); System.out.print(" " + kernel.get(j, i) + " "); } System.out.println("]"); } ArrayData[] dataArrays = getArrayDatasFromImage(args[0]); for (int i = 0; i < dataArrays.length; i++) dataArrays[i] = convolute(dataArrays[i], kernel, kernelDivisor); writeOutputImage(args[1], dataArrays); return; } }
from PIL import Image, ImageFilter if __name__=="__main__": im = Image.open("test.jpg") kernelValues = [-2,-1,0,-1,1,1,0,1,2] kernel = ImageFilter.Kernel((3,3), kernelValues) im2 = im.filter(kernel) im2.show()
Produce a functionally identical Python code for the snippet given in Java.
import java.util.Random; public class Dice{ private static int roll(int nDice, int nSides){ int sum = 0; Random rand = new Random(); for(int i = 0; i < nDice; i++){ sum += rand.nextInt(nSides) + 1; } return sum; } private static int diceGame(int p1Dice, int p1Sides, int p2Dice, int p2Sides, int rolls){ int p1Wins = 0; for(int i = 0; i < rolls; i++){ int p1Roll = roll(p1Dice, p1Sides); int p2Roll = roll(p2Dice, p2Sides); if(p1Roll > p2Roll) p1Wins++; } return p1Wins; } public static void main(String[] args){ int p1Dice = 9; int p1Sides = 4; int p2Dice = 6; int p2Sides = 6; int rolls = 10000; int p1Wins = diceGame(p1Dice, p1Sides, p2Dice, p2Sides, rolls); System.out.println(rolls + " rolls, p1 = " + p1Dice + "d" + p1Sides + ", p2 = " + p2Dice + "d" + p2Sides); System.out.println("p1 wins " + (100.0 * p1Wins / rolls) + "% of the time"); System.out.println(); p1Dice = 5; p1Sides = 10; p2Dice = 6; p2Sides = 7; rolls = 10000; p1Wins = diceGame(p1Dice, p1Sides, p2Dice, p2Sides, rolls); System.out.println(rolls + " rolls, p1 = " + p1Dice + "d" + p1Sides + ", p2 = " + p2Dice + "d" + p2Sides); System.out.println("p1 wins " + (100.0 * p1Wins / rolls) + "% of the time"); System.out.println(); p1Dice = 9; p1Sides = 4; p2Dice = 6; p2Sides = 6; rolls = 1000000; p1Wins = diceGame(p1Dice, p1Sides, p2Dice, p2Sides, rolls); System.out.println(rolls + " rolls, p1 = " + p1Dice + "d" + p1Sides + ", p2 = " + p2Dice + "d" + p2Sides); System.out.println("p1 wins " + (100.0 * p1Wins / rolls) + "% of the time"); System.out.println(); p1Dice = 5; p1Sides = 10; p2Dice = 6; p2Sides = 7; rolls = 1000000; p1Wins = diceGame(p1Dice, p1Sides, p2Dice, p2Sides, rolls); System.out.println(rolls + " rolls, p1 = " + p1Dice + "d" + p1Sides + ", p2 = " + p2Dice + "d" + p2Sides); System.out.println("p1 wins " + (100.0 * p1Wins / rolls) + "% of the time"); } }
from itertools import product def gen_dict(n_faces, n_dice): counts = [0] * ((n_faces + 1) * n_dice) for t in product(range(1, n_faces + 1), repeat=n_dice): counts[sum(t)] += 1 return counts, n_faces ** n_dice def beating_probability(n_sides1, n_dice1, n_sides2, n_dice2): c1, p1 = gen_dict(n_sides1, n_dice1) c2, p2 = gen_dict(n_sides2, n_dice2) p12 = float(p1 * p2) return sum(p[1] * q[1] / p12 for p, q in product(enumerate(c1), enumerate(c2)) if p[0] > q[0]) print beating_probability(4, 9, 6, 6) print beating_probability(10, 5, 7, 6)
Generate an equivalent Python version of this Java code.
import java.util.*; public class Sokoban { String destBoard, currBoard; int playerX, playerY, nCols; Sokoban(String[] board) { nCols = board[0].length(); StringBuilder destBuf = new StringBuilder(); StringBuilder currBuf = new StringBuilder(); for (int r = 0; r < board.length; r++) { for (int c = 0; c < nCols; c++) { char ch = board[r].charAt(c); destBuf.append(ch != '$' && ch != '@' ? ch : ' '); currBuf.append(ch != '.' ? ch : ' '); if (ch == '@') { this.playerX = c; this.playerY = r; } } } destBoard = destBuf.toString(); currBoard = currBuf.toString(); } String move(int x, int y, int dx, int dy, String trialBoard) { int newPlayerPos = (y + dy) * nCols + x + dx; if (trialBoard.charAt(newPlayerPos) != ' ') return null; char[] trial = trialBoard.toCharArray(); trial[y * nCols + x] = ' '; trial[newPlayerPos] = '@'; return new String(trial); } String push(int x, int y, int dx, int dy, String trialBoard) { int newBoxPos = (y + 2 * dy) * nCols + x + 2 * dx; if (trialBoard.charAt(newBoxPos) != ' ') return null; char[] trial = trialBoard.toCharArray(); trial[y * nCols + x] = ' '; trial[(y + dy) * nCols + x + dx] = '@'; trial[newBoxPos] = '$'; return new String(trial); } boolean isSolved(String trialBoard) { for (int i = 0; i < trialBoard.length(); i++) if ((destBoard.charAt(i) == '.') != (trialBoard.charAt(i) == '$')) return false; return true; } String solve() { class Board { String cur, sol; int x, y; Board(String s1, String s2, int px, int py) { cur = s1; sol = s2; x = px; y = py; } } char[][] dirLabels = {{'u', 'U'}, {'r', 'R'}, {'d', 'D'}, {'l', 'L'}}; int[][] dirs = {{0, -1}, {1, 0}, {0, 1}, {-1, 0}}; Set<String> history = new HashSet<>(); LinkedList<Board> open = new LinkedList<>(); history.add(currBoard); open.add(new Board(currBoard, "", playerX, playerY)); while (!open.isEmpty()) { Board item = open.poll(); String cur = item.cur; String sol = item.sol; int x = item.x; int y = item.y; for (int i = 0; i < dirs.length; i++) { String trial = cur; int dx = dirs[i][0]; int dy = dirs[i][1]; if (trial.charAt((y + dy) * nCols + x + dx) == '$') { if ((trial = push(x, y, dx, dy, trial)) != null) { if (!history.contains(trial)) { String newSol = sol + dirLabels[i][1]; if (isSolved(trial)) return newSol; open.add(new Board(trial, newSol, x + dx, y + dy)); history.add(trial); } } } else if ((trial = move(x, y, dx, dy, trial)) != null) { if (!history.contains(trial)) { String newSol = sol + dirLabels[i][0]; open.add(new Board(trial, newSol, x + dx, y + dy)); history.add(trial); } } } } return "No solution"; } public static void main(String[] a) { String level = "#######,# #,# #,#. # #,#. $$ #," + "#.$$ #,#.# @#,#######"; System.out.println(new Sokoban(level.split(",")).solve()); } }
from array import array from collections import deque import psyco data = [] nrows = 0 px = py = 0 sdata = "" ddata = "" def init(board): global data, nrows, sdata, ddata, px, py data = filter(None, board.splitlines()) nrows = max(len(r) for r in data) maps = {' ':' ', '.': '.', '@':' ', ' mapd = {' ':' ', '.': ' ', '@':'@', ' for r, row in enumerate(data): for c, ch in enumerate(row): sdata += maps[ch] ddata += mapd[ch] if ch == '@': px = c py = r def push(x, y, dx, dy, data): if sdata[(y+2*dy) * nrows + x+2*dx] == ' data[(y+2*dy) * nrows + x+2*dx] != ' ': return None data2 = array("c", data) data2[y * nrows + x] = ' ' data2[(y+dy) * nrows + x+dx] = '@' data2[(y+2*dy) * nrows + x+2*dx] = '*' return data2.tostring() def is_solved(data): for i in xrange(len(data)): if (sdata[i] == '.') != (data[i] == '*'): return False return True def solve(): open = deque([(ddata, "", px, py)]) visited = set([ddata]) dirs = ((0, -1, 'u', 'U'), ( 1, 0, 'r', 'R'), (0, 1, 'd', 'D'), (-1, 0, 'l', 'L')) lnrows = nrows while open: cur, csol, x, y = open.popleft() for di in dirs: temp = cur dx, dy = di[0], di[1] if temp[(y+dy) * lnrows + x+dx] == '*': temp = push(x, y, dx, dy, temp) if temp and temp not in visited: if is_solved(temp): return csol + di[3] open.append((temp, csol + di[3], x+dx, y+dy)) visited.add(temp) else: if sdata[(y+dy) * lnrows + x+dx] == ' temp[(y+dy) * lnrows + x+dx] != ' ': continue data2 = array("c", temp) data2[y * lnrows + x] = ' ' data2[(y+dy) * lnrows + x+dx] = '@' temp = data2.tostring() if temp not in visited: if is_solved(temp): return csol + di[2] open.append((temp, csol + di[2], x+dx, y+dy)) visited.add(temp) return "No solution" level = """\ psyco.full() init(level) print level, "\n\n", solve()
Change the programming language of this snippet from Java to Python without modifying what it does.
import java.util.*; public class PracticalNumbers { public static void main(String[] args) { final int from = 1; final int to = 333; List<Integer> practical = new ArrayList<>(); for (int i = from; i <= to; ++i) { if (isPractical(i)) practical.add(i); } System.out.printf("Found %d practical numbers between %d and %d:\n%s\n", practical.size(), from, to, shorten(practical, 10)); printPractical(666); printPractical(6666); printPractical(66666); printPractical(672); printPractical(720); printPractical(222222); } private static void printPractical(int n) { if (isPractical(n)) System.out.printf("%d is a practical number.\n", n); else System.out.printf("%d is not a practical number.\n", n); } private static boolean isPractical(int n) { int[] divisors = properDivisors(n); for (int i = 1; i < n; ++i) { if (!sumOfAnySubset(i, divisors, divisors.length)) return false; } return true; } private static boolean sumOfAnySubset(int n, int[] f, int len) { if (len == 0) return false; int total = 0; for (int i = 0; i < len; ++i) { if (n == f[i]) return true; total += f[i]; } if (n == total) return true; if (n > total) return false; --len; int d = n - f[len]; return (d > 0 && sumOfAnySubset(d, f, len)) || sumOfAnySubset(n, f, len); } private static int[] properDivisors(int n) { List<Integer> divisors = new ArrayList<>(); divisors.add(1); for (int i = 2;; ++i) { int i2 = i * i; if (i2 > n) break; if (n % i == 0) { divisors.add(i); if (i2 != n) divisors.add(n / i); } } int[] result = new int[divisors.size()]; for (int i = 0; i < result.length; ++i) result[i] = divisors.get(i); Arrays.sort(result); return result; } private static String shorten(List<Integer> list, int n) { StringBuilder str = new StringBuilder(); int len = list.size(), i = 0; if (n > 0 && len > 0) str.append(list.get(i++)); for (; i < n && i < len; ++i) { str.append(", "); str.append(list.get(i)); } if (len > i + n) { if (n > 0) str.append(", ..."); i = len - n; } for (; i < len; ++i) { str.append(", "); str.append(list.get(i)); } return str.toString(); } }
from itertools import chain, cycle, accumulate, combinations from typing import List, Tuple def factors5(n: int) -> List[int]: def prime_powers(n): for c in accumulate(chain([2, 1, 2], cycle([2,4]))): if c*c > n: break if n%c: continue d,p = (), c while not n%c: n,p,d = n//c, p*c, d + (p,) yield(d) if n > 1: yield((n,)) r = [1] for e in prime_powers(n): r += [a*b for a in r for b in e] return r[:-1] def powerset(s: List[int]) -> List[Tuple[int, ...]]: return chain.from_iterable(combinations(s, r) for r in range(1, len(s)+1)) def is_practical(x: int) -> bool: if x == 1: return True if x %2: return False f = factors5(x) ps = powerset(f) found = {y for y in {sum(i) for i in ps} if 1 <= y < x} return len(found) == x - 1 if __name__ == '__main__': n = 333 p = [x for x in range(1, n + 1) if is_practical(x)] print(f"There are {len(p)} Practical numbers from 1 to {n}:") print(' ', str(p[:10])[1:-1], '...', str(p[-10:])[1:-1]) x = 666 print(f"\nSTRETCH GOAL: {x} is {'not ' if not is_practical(x) else ''}Practical.")
Write the same algorithm in Python as shown in this Java implementation.
1. 1.0 2432311.7567374 1.234E-10 1.234e-10 758832d 728832f 1.0f 758832D 728832F 1.0F 1 / 2. 1 / 2
2.3 .3 .3e4 .3e+34 .3e-34 2.e34
Transform the following Java implementation into Python, maintaining the same output and logic.
1. 1.0 2432311.7567374 1.234E-10 1.234e-10 758832d 728832f 1.0f 758832D 728832F 1.0F 1 / 2. 1 / 2
2.3 .3 .3e4 .3e+34 .3e-34 2.e34
Translate the given Java code snippet into Python without altering its behavior.
import java.util.*; public class Numbrix { final static String[] board = { "00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00", "00,00,46,45,00,55,74,00,00", "00,38,00,00,43,00,00,78,00", "00,35,00,00,00,00,00,71,00", "00,00,33,00,00,00,59,00,00", "00,17,00,00,00,00,00,67,00", "00,18,00,00,11,00,00,64,00", "00,00,24,21,00,01,02,00,00", "00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00"}; final static int[][] moves = {{1, 0}, {0, 1}, {-1, 0}, {0, -1}}; static int[][] grid; static int[] clues; static int totalToFill; public static void main(String[] args) { int nRows = board.length + 2; int nCols = board[0].split(",").length + 2; int startRow = 0, startCol = 0; grid = new int[nRows][nCols]; totalToFill = (nRows - 2) * (nCols - 2); List<Integer> lst = new ArrayList<>(); for (int r = 0; r < nRows; r++) { Arrays.fill(grid[r], -1); if (r >= 1 && r < nRows - 1) { String[] row = board[r - 1].split(","); for (int c = 1; c < nCols - 1; c++) { int val = Integer.parseInt(row[c - 1]); if (val > 0) lst.add(val); if (val == 1) { startRow = r; startCol = c; } grid[r][c] = val; } } } clues = lst.stream().sorted().mapToInt(i -> i).toArray(); if (solve(startRow, startCol, 1, 0)) printResult(); } static boolean solve(int r, int c, int count, int nextClue) { if (count > totalToFill) return true; if (grid[r][c] != 0 && grid[r][c] != count) return false; if (grid[r][c] == 0 && nextClue < clues.length) if (clues[nextClue] == count) return false; int back = grid[r][c]; if (back == count) nextClue++; grid[r][c] = count; for (int[] move : moves) if (solve(r + move[1], c + move[0], count + 1, nextClue)) return true; grid[r][c] = back; return false; } static void printResult() { for (int[] row : grid) { for (int i : row) { if (i == -1) continue; System.out.printf("%2d ", i); } System.out.println(); } } }
from sys import stdout neighbours = [[-1, 0], [0, -1], [1, 0], [0, 1]] exists = [] lastNumber = 0 wid = 0 hei = 0 def find_next(pa, x, y, z): for i in range(4): a = x + neighbours[i][0] b = y + neighbours[i][1] if wid > a > -1 and hei > b > -1: if pa[a][b] == z: return a, b return -1, -1 def find_solution(pa, x, y, z): if z > lastNumber: return 1 if exists[z] == 1: s = find_next(pa, x, y, z) if s[0] < 0: return 0 return find_solution(pa, s[0], s[1], z + 1) for i in range(4): a = x + neighbours[i][0] b = y + neighbours[i][1] if wid > a > -1 and hei > b > -1: if pa[a][b] == 0: pa[a][b] = z r = find_solution(pa, a, b, z + 1) if r == 1: return 1 pa[a][b] = 0 return 0 def solve(pz, w, h): global lastNumber, wid, hei, exists lastNumber = w * h wid = w hei = h exists = [0 for j in range(lastNumber + 1)] pa = [[0 for j in range(h)] for i in range(w)] st = pz.split() idx = 0 for j in range(h): for i in range(w): if st[idx] == ".": idx += 1 else: pa[i][j] = int(st[idx]) exists[pa[i][j]] = 1 idx += 1 x = 0 y = 0 t = w * h + 1 for j in range(h): for i in range(w): if pa[i][j] != 0 and pa[i][j] < t: t = pa[i][j] x = i y = j return find_solution(pa, x, y, t + 1), pa def show_result(r): if r[0] == 1: for j in range(hei): for i in range(wid): stdout.write(" {:0{}d}".format(r[1][i][j], 2)) print() else: stdout.write("No Solution!\n") print() r = solve(". . . . . . . . . . . 46 45 . 55 74 . . . 38 . . 43 . . 78 . . 35 . . . . . 71 . . . 33 . . . 59 . . . 17" " . . . . . 67 . . 18 . . 11 . . 64 . . . 24 21 . 1 2 . . . . . . . . . . .", 9, 9) show_result(r) r = solve(". . . . . . . . . . 11 12 15 18 21 62 61 . . 6 . . . . . 60 . . 33 . . . . . 57 . . 32 . . . . . 56 . . 37" " . 1 . . . 73 . . 38 . . . . . 72 . . 43 44 47 48 51 76 77 . . . . . . . . . .", 9, 9) show_result(r) r = solve("17 . . . 11 . . . 59 . 15 . . 6 . . 61 . . . 3 . . . 63 . . . . . . 66 . . . . 23 24 . 68 67 78 . 54 55" " . . . . 72 . . . . . . 35 . . . 49 . . . 29 . . 40 . . 47 . 31 . . . 39 . . . 45", 9, 9) show_result(r)
Change the following Java code into Python without altering its purpose.
import java.util.*; public class Numbrix { final static String[] board = { "00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00", "00,00,46,45,00,55,74,00,00", "00,38,00,00,43,00,00,78,00", "00,35,00,00,00,00,00,71,00", "00,00,33,00,00,00,59,00,00", "00,17,00,00,00,00,00,67,00", "00,18,00,00,11,00,00,64,00", "00,00,24,21,00,01,02,00,00", "00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00"}; final static int[][] moves = {{1, 0}, {0, 1}, {-1, 0}, {0, -1}}; static int[][] grid; static int[] clues; static int totalToFill; public static void main(String[] args) { int nRows = board.length + 2; int nCols = board[0].split(",").length + 2; int startRow = 0, startCol = 0; grid = new int[nRows][nCols]; totalToFill = (nRows - 2) * (nCols - 2); List<Integer> lst = new ArrayList<>(); for (int r = 0; r < nRows; r++) { Arrays.fill(grid[r], -1); if (r >= 1 && r < nRows - 1) { String[] row = board[r - 1].split(","); for (int c = 1; c < nCols - 1; c++) { int val = Integer.parseInt(row[c - 1]); if (val > 0) lst.add(val); if (val == 1) { startRow = r; startCol = c; } grid[r][c] = val; } } } clues = lst.stream().sorted().mapToInt(i -> i).toArray(); if (solve(startRow, startCol, 1, 0)) printResult(); } static boolean solve(int r, int c, int count, int nextClue) { if (count > totalToFill) return true; if (grid[r][c] != 0 && grid[r][c] != count) return false; if (grid[r][c] == 0 && nextClue < clues.length) if (clues[nextClue] == count) return false; int back = grid[r][c]; if (back == count) nextClue++; grid[r][c] = count; for (int[] move : moves) if (solve(r + move[1], c + move[0], count + 1, nextClue)) return true; grid[r][c] = back; return false; } static void printResult() { for (int[] row : grid) { for (int i : row) { if (i == -1) continue; System.out.printf("%2d ", i); } System.out.println(); } } }
from sys import stdout neighbours = [[-1, 0], [0, -1], [1, 0], [0, 1]] exists = [] lastNumber = 0 wid = 0 hei = 0 def find_next(pa, x, y, z): for i in range(4): a = x + neighbours[i][0] b = y + neighbours[i][1] if wid > a > -1 and hei > b > -1: if pa[a][b] == z: return a, b return -1, -1 def find_solution(pa, x, y, z): if z > lastNumber: return 1 if exists[z] == 1: s = find_next(pa, x, y, z) if s[0] < 0: return 0 return find_solution(pa, s[0], s[1], z + 1) for i in range(4): a = x + neighbours[i][0] b = y + neighbours[i][1] if wid > a > -1 and hei > b > -1: if pa[a][b] == 0: pa[a][b] = z r = find_solution(pa, a, b, z + 1) if r == 1: return 1 pa[a][b] = 0 return 0 def solve(pz, w, h): global lastNumber, wid, hei, exists lastNumber = w * h wid = w hei = h exists = [0 for j in range(lastNumber + 1)] pa = [[0 for j in range(h)] for i in range(w)] st = pz.split() idx = 0 for j in range(h): for i in range(w): if st[idx] == ".": idx += 1 else: pa[i][j] = int(st[idx]) exists[pa[i][j]] = 1 idx += 1 x = 0 y = 0 t = w * h + 1 for j in range(h): for i in range(w): if pa[i][j] != 0 and pa[i][j] < t: t = pa[i][j] x = i y = j return find_solution(pa, x, y, t + 1), pa def show_result(r): if r[0] == 1: for j in range(hei): for i in range(wid): stdout.write(" {:0{}d}".format(r[1][i][j], 2)) print() else: stdout.write("No Solution!\n") print() r = solve(". . . . . . . . . . . 46 45 . 55 74 . . . 38 . . 43 . . 78 . . 35 . . . . . 71 . . . 33 . . . 59 . . . 17" " . . . . . 67 . . 18 . . 11 . . 64 . . . 24 21 . 1 2 . . . . . . . . . . .", 9, 9) show_result(r) r = solve(". . . . . . . . . . 11 12 15 18 21 62 61 . . 6 . . . . . 60 . . 33 . . . . . 57 . . 32 . . . . . 56 . . 37" " . 1 . . . 73 . . 38 . . . . . 72 . . 43 44 47 48 51 76 77 . . . . . . . . . .", 9, 9) show_result(r) r = solve("17 . . . 11 . . . 59 . 15 . . 6 . . 61 . . . 3 . . . 63 . . . . . . 66 . . . . 23 24 . 68 67 78 . 54 55" " . . . . 72 . . . . . . 35 . . . 49 . . . 29 . . 40 . . 47 . 31 . . . 39 . . . 45", 9, 9) show_result(r)
Ensure the translated Python code behaves exactly like the original Java snippet.
package lvijay; import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger; import java.util.function.Function; public class Church { public static interface ChurchNum extends Function<ChurchNum, ChurchNum> { } public static ChurchNum zero() { return f -> x -> x; } public static ChurchNum next(ChurchNum n) { return f -> x -> f.apply(n.apply(f).apply(x)); } public static ChurchNum plus(ChurchNum a) { return b -> f -> x -> b.apply(f).apply(a.apply(f).apply(x)); } public static ChurchNum pow(ChurchNum m) { return n -> m.apply(n); } public static ChurchNum mult(ChurchNum a) { return b -> f -> x -> b.apply(a.apply(f)).apply(x); } public static ChurchNum toChurchNum(int n) { if (n <= 0) { return zero(); } return next(toChurchNum(n - 1)); } public static int toInt(ChurchNum c) { AtomicInteger counter = new AtomicInteger(0); ChurchNum funCounter = f -> { counter.incrementAndGet(); return f; }; plus(zero()).apply(c).apply(funCounter).apply(x -> x); return counter.get(); } public static void main(String[] args) { ChurchNum zero = zero(); ChurchNum three = next(next(next(zero))); ChurchNum four = next(next(next(next(zero)))); System.out.println("3+4=" + toInt(plus(three).apply(four))); System.out.println("4+3=" + toInt(plus(four).apply(three))); System.out.println("3*4=" + toInt(mult(three).apply(four))); System.out.println("4*3=" + toInt(mult(four).apply(three))); System.out.println("3^4=" + toInt(pow(four).apply(three))); System.out.println("4^3=" + toInt(pow(three).apply(four))); System.out.println(" 8=" + toInt(toChurchNum(8))); } }
from itertools import repeat from functools import reduce def churchZero(): return lambda f: identity def churchSucc(cn): return lambda f: compose(f)(cn(f)) def churchAdd(m): return lambda n: lambda f: compose(m(f))(n(f)) def churchMult(m): return lambda n: compose(m)(n) def churchExp(m): return lambda n: n(m) def churchFromInt(n): return lambda f: ( foldl (compose) (identity) (replicate(n)(f)) ) def churchFromInt_(n): if 0 == n: return churchZero() else: return churchSucc(churchFromInt(n - 1)) def intFromChurch(cn): return cn(succ)(0) def main(): 'Tests' cThree = churchFromInt(3) cFour = churchFromInt(4) print(list(map(intFromChurch, [ churchAdd(cThree)(cFour), churchMult(cThree)(cFour), churchExp(cFour)(cThree), churchExp(cThree)(cFour), ]))) def compose(f): return lambda g: lambda x: g(f(x)) def foldl(f): def go(acc, xs): return reduce(lambda a, x: f(a)(x), xs, acc) return lambda acc: lambda xs: go(acc, xs) def identity(x): return x def replicate(n): return lambda x: repeat(x, n) def succ(x): return 1 + x if isinstance(x, int) else ( chr(1 + ord(x)) ) if __name__ == '__main__': main()
Port the provided Java code into Python while preserving the original functionality.
package lvijay; import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger; import java.util.function.Function; public class Church { public static interface ChurchNum extends Function<ChurchNum, ChurchNum> { } public static ChurchNum zero() { return f -> x -> x; } public static ChurchNum next(ChurchNum n) { return f -> x -> f.apply(n.apply(f).apply(x)); } public static ChurchNum plus(ChurchNum a) { return b -> f -> x -> b.apply(f).apply(a.apply(f).apply(x)); } public static ChurchNum pow(ChurchNum m) { return n -> m.apply(n); } public static ChurchNum mult(ChurchNum a) { return b -> f -> x -> b.apply(a.apply(f)).apply(x); } public static ChurchNum toChurchNum(int n) { if (n <= 0) { return zero(); } return next(toChurchNum(n - 1)); } public static int toInt(ChurchNum c) { AtomicInteger counter = new AtomicInteger(0); ChurchNum funCounter = f -> { counter.incrementAndGet(); return f; }; plus(zero()).apply(c).apply(funCounter).apply(x -> x); return counter.get(); } public static void main(String[] args) { ChurchNum zero = zero(); ChurchNum three = next(next(next(zero))); ChurchNum four = next(next(next(next(zero)))); System.out.println("3+4=" + toInt(plus(three).apply(four))); System.out.println("4+3=" + toInt(plus(four).apply(three))); System.out.println("3*4=" + toInt(mult(three).apply(four))); System.out.println("4*3=" + toInt(mult(four).apply(three))); System.out.println("3^4=" + toInt(pow(four).apply(three))); System.out.println("4^3=" + toInt(pow(three).apply(four))); System.out.println(" 8=" + toInt(toChurchNum(8))); } }
from itertools import repeat from functools import reduce def churchZero(): return lambda f: identity def churchSucc(cn): return lambda f: compose(f)(cn(f)) def churchAdd(m): return lambda n: lambda f: compose(m(f))(n(f)) def churchMult(m): return lambda n: compose(m)(n) def churchExp(m): return lambda n: n(m) def churchFromInt(n): return lambda f: ( foldl (compose) (identity) (replicate(n)(f)) ) def churchFromInt_(n): if 0 == n: return churchZero() else: return churchSucc(churchFromInt(n - 1)) def intFromChurch(cn): return cn(succ)(0) def main(): 'Tests' cThree = churchFromInt(3) cFour = churchFromInt(4) print(list(map(intFromChurch, [ churchAdd(cThree)(cFour), churchMult(cThree)(cFour), churchExp(cFour)(cThree), churchExp(cThree)(cFour), ]))) def compose(f): return lambda g: lambda x: g(f(x)) def foldl(f): def go(acc, xs): return reduce(lambda a, x: f(a)(x), xs, acc) return lambda acc: lambda xs: go(acc, xs) def identity(x): return x def replicate(n): return lambda x: repeat(x, n) def succ(x): return 1 + x if isinstance(x, int) else ( chr(1 + ord(x)) ) if __name__ == '__main__': main()
Write the same algorithm in Python as shown in this Java implementation.
import java.util.*; public class Hopido { final static String[] board = { ".00.00.", "0000000", "0000000", ".00000.", "..000..", "...0..."}; final static int[][] moves = {{-3, 0}, {0, 3}, {3, 0}, {0, -3}, {2, 2}, {2, -2}, {-2, 2}, {-2, -2}}; static int[][] grid; static int totalToFill; public static void main(String[] args) { int nRows = board.length + 6; int nCols = board[0].length() + 6; grid = new int[nRows][nCols]; for (int r = 0; r < nRows; r++) { Arrays.fill(grid[r], -1); for (int c = 3; c < nCols - 3; c++) if (r >= 3 && r < nRows - 3) { if (board[r - 3].charAt(c - 3) == '0') { grid[r][c] = 0; totalToFill++; } } } int pos = -1, r, c; do { do { pos++; r = pos / nCols; c = pos % nCols; } while (grid[r][c] == -1); grid[r][c] = 1; if (solve(r, c, 2)) break; grid[r][c] = 0; } while (pos < nRows * nCols); printResult(); } static boolean solve(int r, int c, int count) { if (count > totalToFill) return true; List<int[]> nbrs = neighbors(r, c); if (nbrs.isEmpty() && count != totalToFill) return false; Collections.sort(nbrs, (a, b) -> a[2] - b[2]); for (int[] nb : nbrs) { r = nb[0]; c = nb[1]; grid[r][c] = count; if (solve(r, c, count + 1)) return true; grid[r][c] = 0; } return false; } static List<int[]> neighbors(int r, int c) { List<int[]> nbrs = new ArrayList<>(); for (int[] m : moves) { int x = m[0]; int y = m[1]; if (grid[r + y][c + x] == 0) { int num = countNeighbors(r + y, c + x) - 1; nbrs.add(new int[]{r + y, c + x, num}); } } return nbrs; } static int countNeighbors(int r, int c) { int num = 0; for (int[] m : moves) if (grid[r + m[1]][c + m[0]] == 0) num++; return num; } static void printResult() { for (int[] row : grid) { for (int i : row) { if (i == -1) System.out.printf("%2s ", ' '); else System.out.printf("%2d ", i); } System.out.println(); } } }
from sys import stdout neighbours = [[2, 2], [-2, 2], [2, -2], [-2, -2], [3, 0], [0, 3], [-3, 0], [0, -3]] cnt = 0 pWid = 0 pHei = 0 def is_valid(a, b): return -1 < a < pWid and -1 < b < pHei def iterate(pa, x, y, v): if v > cnt: return 1 for i in range(len(neighbours)): a = x + neighbours[i][0] b = y + neighbours[i][1] if is_valid(a, b) and pa[a][b] == 0: pa[a][b] = v r = iterate(pa, a, b, v + 1) if r == 1: return r pa[a][b] = 0 return 0 def solve(pz, w, h): global cnt, pWid, pHei pa = [[-1 for j in range(h)] for i in range(w)] f = 0 pWid = w pHei = h for j in range(h): for i in range(w): if pz[f] == "1": pa[i][j] = 0 cnt += 1 f += 1 for y in range(h): for x in range(w): if pa[x][y] == 0: pa[x][y] = 1 if 1 == iterate(pa, x, y, 2): return 1, pa pa[x][y] = 0 return 0, pa r = solve("011011011111111111111011111000111000001000", 7, 6) if r[0] == 1: for j in range(6): for i in range(7): if r[1][i][j] == -1: stdout.write(" ") else: stdout.write(" {:0{}d}".format(r[1][i][j], 2)) print() else: stdout.write("No solution!")
Write a version of this Java function in Python with identical behavior.
import java.util.*; public class Hopido { final static String[] board = { ".00.00.", "0000000", "0000000", ".00000.", "..000..", "...0..."}; final static int[][] moves = {{-3, 0}, {0, 3}, {3, 0}, {0, -3}, {2, 2}, {2, -2}, {-2, 2}, {-2, -2}}; static int[][] grid; static int totalToFill; public static void main(String[] args) { int nRows = board.length + 6; int nCols = board[0].length() + 6; grid = new int[nRows][nCols]; for (int r = 0; r < nRows; r++) { Arrays.fill(grid[r], -1); for (int c = 3; c < nCols - 3; c++) if (r >= 3 && r < nRows - 3) { if (board[r - 3].charAt(c - 3) == '0') { grid[r][c] = 0; totalToFill++; } } } int pos = -1, r, c; do { do { pos++; r = pos / nCols; c = pos % nCols; } while (grid[r][c] == -1); grid[r][c] = 1; if (solve(r, c, 2)) break; grid[r][c] = 0; } while (pos < nRows * nCols); printResult(); } static boolean solve(int r, int c, int count) { if (count > totalToFill) return true; List<int[]> nbrs = neighbors(r, c); if (nbrs.isEmpty() && count != totalToFill) return false; Collections.sort(nbrs, (a, b) -> a[2] - b[2]); for (int[] nb : nbrs) { r = nb[0]; c = nb[1]; grid[r][c] = count; if (solve(r, c, count + 1)) return true; grid[r][c] = 0; } return false; } static List<int[]> neighbors(int r, int c) { List<int[]> nbrs = new ArrayList<>(); for (int[] m : moves) { int x = m[0]; int y = m[1]; if (grid[r + y][c + x] == 0) { int num = countNeighbors(r + y, c + x) - 1; nbrs.add(new int[]{r + y, c + x, num}); } } return nbrs; } static int countNeighbors(int r, int c) { int num = 0; for (int[] m : moves) if (grid[r + m[1]][c + m[0]] == 0) num++; return num; } static void printResult() { for (int[] row : grid) { for (int i : row) { if (i == -1) System.out.printf("%2s ", ' '); else System.out.printf("%2d ", i); } System.out.println(); } } }
from sys import stdout neighbours = [[2, 2], [-2, 2], [2, -2], [-2, -2], [3, 0], [0, 3], [-3, 0], [0, -3]] cnt = 0 pWid = 0 pHei = 0 def is_valid(a, b): return -1 < a < pWid and -1 < b < pHei def iterate(pa, x, y, v): if v > cnt: return 1 for i in range(len(neighbours)): a = x + neighbours[i][0] b = y + neighbours[i][1] if is_valid(a, b) and pa[a][b] == 0: pa[a][b] = v r = iterate(pa, a, b, v + 1) if r == 1: return r pa[a][b] = 0 return 0 def solve(pz, w, h): global cnt, pWid, pHei pa = [[-1 for j in range(h)] for i in range(w)] f = 0 pWid = w pHei = h for j in range(h): for i in range(w): if pz[f] == "1": pa[i][j] = 0 cnt += 1 f += 1 for y in range(h): for x in range(w): if pa[x][y] == 0: pa[x][y] = 1 if 1 == iterate(pa, x, y, 2): return 1, pa pa[x][y] = 0 return 0, pa r = solve("011011011111111111111011111000111000001000", 7, 6) if r[0] == 1: for j in range(6): for i in range(7): if r[1][i][j] == -1: stdout.write(" ") else: stdout.write(" {:0{}d}".format(r[1][i][j], 2)) print() else: stdout.write("No solution!")
Translate this program into Python but keep the logic exactly as in Java.
import java.util.*; import static java.util.Arrays.*; import static java.util.stream.Collectors.toList; public class NonogramSolver { static String[] p1 = {"C BA CB BB F AE F A B", "AB CA AE GA E C D C"}; static String[] p2 = {"F CAC ACAC CN AAA AABB EBB EAA ECCC HCCC", "D D AE " + "CD AE A DA BBB CC AAB BAA AAB DA AAB AAA BAB AAA CD BBA DA"}; static String[] p3 = {"CA BDA ACC BD CCAC CBBAC BBBBB BAABAA ABAD AABB BBH " + "BBBD ABBAAA CCEA AACAAB BCACC ACBH DCH ADBE ADBB DBE ECE DAA DB CC", "BC CAC CBAB BDD CDBDE BEBDF ADCDFA DCCFB DBCFC ABDBA BBF AAF BADB DBF " + "AAAAD BDG CEF CBDB BBB FC"}; static String[] p4 = {"E BCB BEA BH BEK AABAF ABAC BAA BFB OD JH BADCF Q Q " + "R AN AAN EI H G", "E CB BAB AAA AAA AC BB ACC ACCA AGB AIA AJ AJ " + "ACE AH BAF CAG DAG FAH FJ GJ ADK ABK BL CM"}; public static void main(String[] args) { for (String[] puzzleData : new String[][]{p1, p2, p3, p4}) newPuzzle(puzzleData); } static void newPuzzle(String[] data) { String[] rowData = data[0].split("\\s"); String[] colData = data[1].split("\\s"); List<List<BitSet>> cols, rows; rows = getCandidates(rowData, colData.length); cols = getCandidates(colData, rowData.length); int numChanged; do { numChanged = reduceMutual(cols, rows); if (numChanged == -1) { System.out.println("No solution"); return; } } while (numChanged > 0); for (List<BitSet> row : rows) { for (int i = 0; i < cols.size(); i++) System.out.print(row.get(0).get(i) ? "# " : ". "); System.out.println(); } System.out.println(); } static List<List<BitSet>> getCandidates(String[] data, int len) { List<List<BitSet>> result = new ArrayList<>(); for (String s : data) { List<BitSet> lst = new LinkedList<>(); int sumChars = s.chars().map(c -> c - 'A' + 1).sum(); List<String> prep = stream(s.split("")) .map(x -> repeat(x.charAt(0) - 'A' + 1, "1")).collect(toList()); for (String r : genSequence(prep, len - sumChars + 1)) { char[] bits = r.substring(1).toCharArray(); BitSet bitset = new BitSet(bits.length); for (int i = 0; i < bits.length; i++) bitset.set(i, bits[i] == '1'); lst.add(bitset); } result.add(lst); } return result; } static List<String> genSequence(List<String> ones, int numZeros) { if (ones.isEmpty()) return asList(repeat(numZeros, "0")); List<String> result = new ArrayList<>(); for (int x = 1; x < numZeros - ones.size() + 2; x++) { List<String> skipOne = ones.stream().skip(1).collect(toList()); for (String tail : genSequence(skipOne, numZeros - x)) result.add(repeat(x, "0") + ones.get(0) + tail); } return result; } static String repeat(int n, String s) { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) sb.append(s); return sb.toString(); } static int reduceMutual(List<List<BitSet>> cols, List<List<BitSet>> rows) { int countRemoved1 = reduce(cols, rows); if (countRemoved1 == -1) return -1; int countRemoved2 = reduce(rows, cols); if (countRemoved2 == -1) return -1; return countRemoved1 + countRemoved2; } static int reduce(List<List<BitSet>> a, List<List<BitSet>> b) { int countRemoved = 0; for (int i = 0; i < a.size(); i++) { BitSet commonOn = new BitSet(); commonOn.set(0, b.size()); BitSet commonOff = new BitSet(); for (BitSet candidate : a.get(i)) { commonOn.and(candidate); commonOff.or(candidate); } for (int j = 0; j < b.size(); j++) { final int fi = i, fj = j; if (b.get(j).removeIf(cnd -> (commonOn.get(fj) && !cnd.get(fi)) || (!commonOff.get(fj) && cnd.get(fi)))) countRemoved++; if (b.get(j).isEmpty()) return -1; } } return countRemoved; } }
from itertools import izip def gen_row(w, s): def gen_seg(o, sp): if not o: return [[2] * sp] return [[2] * x + o[0] + tail for x in xrange(1, sp - len(o) + 2) for tail in gen_seg(o[1:], sp - x)] return [x[1:] for x in gen_seg([[1] * i for i in s], w + 1 - sum(s))] def deduce(hr, vr): def allowable(row): return reduce(lambda a, b: [x | y for x, y in izip(a, b)], row) def fits(a, b): return all(x & y for x, y in izip(a, b)) def fix_col(n): c = [x[n] for x in can_do] cols[n] = [x for x in cols[n] if fits(x, c)] for i, x in enumerate(allowable(cols[n])): if x != can_do[i][n]: mod_rows.add(i) can_do[i][n] &= x def fix_row(n): c = can_do[n] rows[n] = [x for x in rows[n] if fits(x, c)] for i, x in enumerate(allowable(rows[n])): if x != can_do[n][i]: mod_cols.add(i) can_do[n][i] &= x def show_gram(m): for x in m: print " ".join("x print w, h = len(vr), len(hr) rows = [gen_row(w, x) for x in hr] cols = [gen_row(h, x) for x in vr] can_do = map(allowable, rows) mod_rows, mod_cols = set(), set(xrange(w)) while mod_cols: for i in mod_cols: fix_col(i) mod_cols = set() for i in mod_rows: fix_row(i) mod_rows = set() if all(can_do[i][j] in (1, 2) for j in xrange(w) for i in xrange(h)): print "Solution would be unique" else: print "Solution may not be unique, doing exhaustive search:" out = [0] * h def try_all(n = 0): if n >= h: for j in xrange(w): if [x[j] for x in out] not in cols[j]: return 0 show_gram(out) return 1 sol = 0 for x in rows[n]: out[n] = x sol += try_all(n + 1) return sol n = try_all() if not n: print "No solution." elif n == 1: print "Unique solution." else: print n, "solutions." print def solve(p, show_runs=True): s = [[[ord(c) - ord('A') + 1 for c in w] for w in l.split()] for l in p.splitlines()] if show_runs: print "Horizontal runs:", s[0] print "Vertical runs:", s[1] deduce(s[0], s[1]) def main(): fn = "nonogram_problems.txt" for p in (x for x in open(fn).read().split("\n\n") if x): solve(p) print "Extra example not solvable by deduction alone:" solve("B B A A\nB B A A") print "Extra example where there is no solution:" solve("B A A\nA A A") main()
Convert the following code from Java to Python, ensuring the logic remains intact.
import java.util.*; import static java.util.Arrays.*; import static java.util.stream.Collectors.toList; public class NonogramSolver { static String[] p1 = {"C BA CB BB F AE F A B", "AB CA AE GA E C D C"}; static String[] p2 = {"F CAC ACAC CN AAA AABB EBB EAA ECCC HCCC", "D D AE " + "CD AE A DA BBB CC AAB BAA AAB DA AAB AAA BAB AAA CD BBA DA"}; static String[] p3 = {"CA BDA ACC BD CCAC CBBAC BBBBB BAABAA ABAD AABB BBH " + "BBBD ABBAAA CCEA AACAAB BCACC ACBH DCH ADBE ADBB DBE ECE DAA DB CC", "BC CAC CBAB BDD CDBDE BEBDF ADCDFA DCCFB DBCFC ABDBA BBF AAF BADB DBF " + "AAAAD BDG CEF CBDB BBB FC"}; static String[] p4 = {"E BCB BEA BH BEK AABAF ABAC BAA BFB OD JH BADCF Q Q " + "R AN AAN EI H G", "E CB BAB AAA AAA AC BB ACC ACCA AGB AIA AJ AJ " + "ACE AH BAF CAG DAG FAH FJ GJ ADK ABK BL CM"}; public static void main(String[] args) { for (String[] puzzleData : new String[][]{p1, p2, p3, p4}) newPuzzle(puzzleData); } static void newPuzzle(String[] data) { String[] rowData = data[0].split("\\s"); String[] colData = data[1].split("\\s"); List<List<BitSet>> cols, rows; rows = getCandidates(rowData, colData.length); cols = getCandidates(colData, rowData.length); int numChanged; do { numChanged = reduceMutual(cols, rows); if (numChanged == -1) { System.out.println("No solution"); return; } } while (numChanged > 0); for (List<BitSet> row : rows) { for (int i = 0; i < cols.size(); i++) System.out.print(row.get(0).get(i) ? "# " : ". "); System.out.println(); } System.out.println(); } static List<List<BitSet>> getCandidates(String[] data, int len) { List<List<BitSet>> result = new ArrayList<>(); for (String s : data) { List<BitSet> lst = new LinkedList<>(); int sumChars = s.chars().map(c -> c - 'A' + 1).sum(); List<String> prep = stream(s.split("")) .map(x -> repeat(x.charAt(0) - 'A' + 1, "1")).collect(toList()); for (String r : genSequence(prep, len - sumChars + 1)) { char[] bits = r.substring(1).toCharArray(); BitSet bitset = new BitSet(bits.length); for (int i = 0; i < bits.length; i++) bitset.set(i, bits[i] == '1'); lst.add(bitset); } result.add(lst); } return result; } static List<String> genSequence(List<String> ones, int numZeros) { if (ones.isEmpty()) return asList(repeat(numZeros, "0")); List<String> result = new ArrayList<>(); for (int x = 1; x < numZeros - ones.size() + 2; x++) { List<String> skipOne = ones.stream().skip(1).collect(toList()); for (String tail : genSequence(skipOne, numZeros - x)) result.add(repeat(x, "0") + ones.get(0) + tail); } return result; } static String repeat(int n, String s) { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) sb.append(s); return sb.toString(); } static int reduceMutual(List<List<BitSet>> cols, List<List<BitSet>> rows) { int countRemoved1 = reduce(cols, rows); if (countRemoved1 == -1) return -1; int countRemoved2 = reduce(rows, cols); if (countRemoved2 == -1) return -1; return countRemoved1 + countRemoved2; } static int reduce(List<List<BitSet>> a, List<List<BitSet>> b) { int countRemoved = 0; for (int i = 0; i < a.size(); i++) { BitSet commonOn = new BitSet(); commonOn.set(0, b.size()); BitSet commonOff = new BitSet(); for (BitSet candidate : a.get(i)) { commonOn.and(candidate); commonOff.or(candidate); } for (int j = 0; j < b.size(); j++) { final int fi = i, fj = j; if (b.get(j).removeIf(cnd -> (commonOn.get(fj) && !cnd.get(fi)) || (!commonOff.get(fj) && cnd.get(fi)))) countRemoved++; if (b.get(j).isEmpty()) return -1; } } return countRemoved; } }
from itertools import izip def gen_row(w, s): def gen_seg(o, sp): if not o: return [[2] * sp] return [[2] * x + o[0] + tail for x in xrange(1, sp - len(o) + 2) for tail in gen_seg(o[1:], sp - x)] return [x[1:] for x in gen_seg([[1] * i for i in s], w + 1 - sum(s))] def deduce(hr, vr): def allowable(row): return reduce(lambda a, b: [x | y for x, y in izip(a, b)], row) def fits(a, b): return all(x & y for x, y in izip(a, b)) def fix_col(n): c = [x[n] for x in can_do] cols[n] = [x for x in cols[n] if fits(x, c)] for i, x in enumerate(allowable(cols[n])): if x != can_do[i][n]: mod_rows.add(i) can_do[i][n] &= x def fix_row(n): c = can_do[n] rows[n] = [x for x in rows[n] if fits(x, c)] for i, x in enumerate(allowable(rows[n])): if x != can_do[n][i]: mod_cols.add(i) can_do[n][i] &= x def show_gram(m): for x in m: print " ".join("x print w, h = len(vr), len(hr) rows = [gen_row(w, x) for x in hr] cols = [gen_row(h, x) for x in vr] can_do = map(allowable, rows) mod_rows, mod_cols = set(), set(xrange(w)) while mod_cols: for i in mod_cols: fix_col(i) mod_cols = set() for i in mod_rows: fix_row(i) mod_rows = set() if all(can_do[i][j] in (1, 2) for j in xrange(w) for i in xrange(h)): print "Solution would be unique" else: print "Solution may not be unique, doing exhaustive search:" out = [0] * h def try_all(n = 0): if n >= h: for j in xrange(w): if [x[j] for x in out] not in cols[j]: return 0 show_gram(out) return 1 sol = 0 for x in rows[n]: out[n] = x sol += try_all(n + 1) return sol n = try_all() if not n: print "No solution." elif n == 1: print "Unique solution." else: print n, "solutions." print def solve(p, show_runs=True): s = [[[ord(c) - ord('A') + 1 for c in w] for w in l.split()] for l in p.splitlines()] if show_runs: print "Horizontal runs:", s[0] print "Vertical runs:", s[1] deduce(s[0], s[1]) def main(): fn = "nonogram_problems.txt" for p in (x for x in open(fn).read().split("\n\n") if x): solve(p) print "Extra example not solvable by deduction alone:" solve("B B A A\nB B A A") print "Extra example where there is no solution:" solve("B A A\nA A A") main()
Generate an equivalent Python version of this Java code.
import java.util.*; import static java.util.Arrays.*; import static java.util.stream.Collectors.toList; public class NonogramSolver { static String[] p1 = {"C BA CB BB F AE F A B", "AB CA AE GA E C D C"}; static String[] p2 = {"F CAC ACAC CN AAA AABB EBB EAA ECCC HCCC", "D D AE " + "CD AE A DA BBB CC AAB BAA AAB DA AAB AAA BAB AAA CD BBA DA"}; static String[] p3 = {"CA BDA ACC BD CCAC CBBAC BBBBB BAABAA ABAD AABB BBH " + "BBBD ABBAAA CCEA AACAAB BCACC ACBH DCH ADBE ADBB DBE ECE DAA DB CC", "BC CAC CBAB BDD CDBDE BEBDF ADCDFA DCCFB DBCFC ABDBA BBF AAF BADB DBF " + "AAAAD BDG CEF CBDB BBB FC"}; static String[] p4 = {"E BCB BEA BH BEK AABAF ABAC BAA BFB OD JH BADCF Q Q " + "R AN AAN EI H G", "E CB BAB AAA AAA AC BB ACC ACCA AGB AIA AJ AJ " + "ACE AH BAF CAG DAG FAH FJ GJ ADK ABK BL CM"}; public static void main(String[] args) { for (String[] puzzleData : new String[][]{p1, p2, p3, p4}) newPuzzle(puzzleData); } static void newPuzzle(String[] data) { String[] rowData = data[0].split("\\s"); String[] colData = data[1].split("\\s"); List<List<BitSet>> cols, rows; rows = getCandidates(rowData, colData.length); cols = getCandidates(colData, rowData.length); int numChanged; do { numChanged = reduceMutual(cols, rows); if (numChanged == -1) { System.out.println("No solution"); return; } } while (numChanged > 0); for (List<BitSet> row : rows) { for (int i = 0; i < cols.size(); i++) System.out.print(row.get(0).get(i) ? "# " : ". "); System.out.println(); } System.out.println(); } static List<List<BitSet>> getCandidates(String[] data, int len) { List<List<BitSet>> result = new ArrayList<>(); for (String s : data) { List<BitSet> lst = new LinkedList<>(); int sumChars = s.chars().map(c -> c - 'A' + 1).sum(); List<String> prep = stream(s.split("")) .map(x -> repeat(x.charAt(0) - 'A' + 1, "1")).collect(toList()); for (String r : genSequence(prep, len - sumChars + 1)) { char[] bits = r.substring(1).toCharArray(); BitSet bitset = new BitSet(bits.length); for (int i = 0; i < bits.length; i++) bitset.set(i, bits[i] == '1'); lst.add(bitset); } result.add(lst); } return result; } static List<String> genSequence(List<String> ones, int numZeros) { if (ones.isEmpty()) return asList(repeat(numZeros, "0")); List<String> result = new ArrayList<>(); for (int x = 1; x < numZeros - ones.size() + 2; x++) { List<String> skipOne = ones.stream().skip(1).collect(toList()); for (String tail : genSequence(skipOne, numZeros - x)) result.add(repeat(x, "0") + ones.get(0) + tail); } return result; } static String repeat(int n, String s) { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) sb.append(s); return sb.toString(); } static int reduceMutual(List<List<BitSet>> cols, List<List<BitSet>> rows) { int countRemoved1 = reduce(cols, rows); if (countRemoved1 == -1) return -1; int countRemoved2 = reduce(rows, cols); if (countRemoved2 == -1) return -1; return countRemoved1 + countRemoved2; } static int reduce(List<List<BitSet>> a, List<List<BitSet>> b) { int countRemoved = 0; for (int i = 0; i < a.size(); i++) { BitSet commonOn = new BitSet(); commonOn.set(0, b.size()); BitSet commonOff = new BitSet(); for (BitSet candidate : a.get(i)) { commonOn.and(candidate); commonOff.or(candidate); } for (int j = 0; j < b.size(); j++) { final int fi = i, fj = j; if (b.get(j).removeIf(cnd -> (commonOn.get(fj) && !cnd.get(fi)) || (!commonOff.get(fj) && cnd.get(fi)))) countRemoved++; if (b.get(j).isEmpty()) return -1; } } return countRemoved; } }
from itertools import izip def gen_row(w, s): def gen_seg(o, sp): if not o: return [[2] * sp] return [[2] * x + o[0] + tail for x in xrange(1, sp - len(o) + 2) for tail in gen_seg(o[1:], sp - x)] return [x[1:] for x in gen_seg([[1] * i for i in s], w + 1 - sum(s))] def deduce(hr, vr): def allowable(row): return reduce(lambda a, b: [x | y for x, y in izip(a, b)], row) def fits(a, b): return all(x & y for x, y in izip(a, b)) def fix_col(n): c = [x[n] for x in can_do] cols[n] = [x for x in cols[n] if fits(x, c)] for i, x in enumerate(allowable(cols[n])): if x != can_do[i][n]: mod_rows.add(i) can_do[i][n] &= x def fix_row(n): c = can_do[n] rows[n] = [x for x in rows[n] if fits(x, c)] for i, x in enumerate(allowable(rows[n])): if x != can_do[n][i]: mod_cols.add(i) can_do[n][i] &= x def show_gram(m): for x in m: print " ".join("x print w, h = len(vr), len(hr) rows = [gen_row(w, x) for x in hr] cols = [gen_row(h, x) for x in vr] can_do = map(allowable, rows) mod_rows, mod_cols = set(), set(xrange(w)) while mod_cols: for i in mod_cols: fix_col(i) mod_cols = set() for i in mod_rows: fix_row(i) mod_rows = set() if all(can_do[i][j] in (1, 2) for j in xrange(w) for i in xrange(h)): print "Solution would be unique" else: print "Solution may not be unique, doing exhaustive search:" out = [0] * h def try_all(n = 0): if n >= h: for j in xrange(w): if [x[j] for x in out] not in cols[j]: return 0 show_gram(out) return 1 sol = 0 for x in rows[n]: out[n] = x sol += try_all(n + 1) return sol n = try_all() if not n: print "No solution." elif n == 1: print "Unique solution." else: print n, "solutions." print def solve(p, show_runs=True): s = [[[ord(c) - ord('A') + 1 for c in w] for w in l.split()] for l in p.splitlines()] if show_runs: print "Horizontal runs:", s[0] print "Vertical runs:", s[1] deduce(s[0], s[1]) def main(): fn = "nonogram_problems.txt" for p in (x for x in open(fn).read().split("\n\n") if x): solve(p) print "Extra example not solvable by deduction alone:" solve("B B A A\nB B A A") print "Extra example where there is no solution:" solve("B A A\nA A A") main()
Port the provided Java code into Python while preserving the original functionality.
import java.io.*; import static java.lang.String.format; import java.util.*; public class WordSearch { static class Grid { int numAttempts; char[][] cells = new char[nRows][nCols]; List<String> solutions = new ArrayList<>(); } final static int[][] dirs = {{1, 0}, {0, 1}, {1, 1}, {1, -1}, {-1, 0}, {0, -1}, {-1, -1}, {-1, 1}}; final static int nRows = 10; final static int nCols = 10; final static int gridSize = nRows * nCols; final static int minWords = 25; final static Random rand = new Random(); public static void main(String[] args) { printResult(createWordSearch(readWords("unixdict.txt"))); } static List<String> readWords(String filename) { int maxLen = Math.max(nRows, nCols); List<String> words = new ArrayList<>(); try (Scanner sc = new Scanner(new FileReader(filename))) { while (sc.hasNext()) { String s = sc.next().trim().toLowerCase(); if (s.matches("^[a-z]{3," + maxLen + "}$")) words.add(s); } } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { System.out.println(e); } return words; } static Grid createWordSearch(List<String> words) { Grid grid = null; int numAttempts = 0; outer: while (++numAttempts < 100) { Collections.shuffle(words); grid = new Grid(); int messageLen = placeMessage(grid, "Rosetta Code"); int target = gridSize - messageLen; int cellsFilled = 0; for (String word : words) { cellsFilled += tryPlaceWord(grid, word); if (cellsFilled == target) { if (grid.solutions.size() >= minWords) { grid.numAttempts = numAttempts; break outer; } else break; } } } return grid; } static int placeMessage(Grid grid, String msg) { msg = msg.toUpperCase().replaceAll("[^A-Z]", ""); int messageLen = msg.length(); if (messageLen > 0 && messageLen < gridSize) { int gapSize = gridSize / messageLen; for (int i = 0; i < messageLen; i++) { int pos = i * gapSize + rand.nextInt(gapSize); grid.cells[pos / nCols][pos % nCols] = msg.charAt(i); } return messageLen; } return 0; } static int tryPlaceWord(Grid grid, String word) { int randDir = rand.nextInt(dirs.length); int randPos = rand.nextInt(gridSize); for (int dir = 0; dir < dirs.length; dir++) { dir = (dir + randDir) % dirs.length; for (int pos = 0; pos < gridSize; pos++) { pos = (pos + randPos) % gridSize; int lettersPlaced = tryLocation(grid, word, dir, pos); if (lettersPlaced > 0) return lettersPlaced; } } return 0; } static int tryLocation(Grid grid, String word, int dir, int pos) { int r = pos / nCols; int c = pos % nCols; int len = word.length(); if ((dirs[dir][0] == 1 && (len + c) > nCols) || (dirs[dir][0] == -1 && (len - 1) > c) || (dirs[dir][1] == 1 && (len + r) > nRows) || (dirs[dir][1] == -1 && (len - 1) > r)) return 0; int rr, cc, i, overlaps = 0; for (i = 0, rr = r, cc = c; i < len; i++) { if (grid.cells[rr][cc] != 0 && grid.cells[rr][cc] != word.charAt(i)) return 0; cc += dirs[dir][0]; rr += dirs[dir][1]; } for (i = 0, rr = r, cc = c; i < len; i++) { if (grid.cells[rr][cc] == word.charAt(i)) overlaps++; else grid.cells[rr][cc] = word.charAt(i); if (i < len - 1) { cc += dirs[dir][0]; rr += dirs[dir][1]; } } int lettersPlaced = len - overlaps; if (lettersPlaced > 0) { grid.solutions.add(format("%-10s (%d,%d)(%d,%d)", word, c, r, cc, rr)); } return lettersPlaced; } static void printResult(Grid grid) { if (grid == null || grid.numAttempts == 0) { System.out.println("No grid to display"); return; } int size = grid.solutions.size(); System.out.println("Attempts: " + grid.numAttempts); System.out.println("Number of words: " + size); System.out.println("\n 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9"); for (int r = 0; r < nRows; r++) { System.out.printf("%n%d ", r); for (int c = 0; c < nCols; c++) System.out.printf(" %c ", grid.cells[r][c]); } System.out.println("\n"); for (int i = 0; i < size - 1; i += 2) { System.out.printf("%s %s%n", grid.solutions.get(i), grid.solutions.get(i + 1)); } if (size % 2 == 1) System.out.println(grid.solutions.get(size - 1)); } }
import re from random import shuffle, randint dirs = [[1, 0], [0, 1], [1, 1], [1, -1], [-1, 0], [0, -1], [-1, -1], [-1, 1]] n_rows = 10 n_cols = 10 grid_size = n_rows * n_cols min_words = 25 class Grid: def __init__(self): self.num_attempts = 0 self.cells = [['' for _ in range(n_cols)] for _ in range(n_rows)] self.solutions = [] def read_words(filename): max_len = max(n_rows, n_cols) words = [] with open(filename, "r") as file: for line in file: s = line.strip().lower() if re.match(r'^[a-z]{3,' + re.escape(str(max_len)) + r'}$', s) is not None: words.append(s) return words def place_message(grid, msg): msg = re.sub(r'[^A-Z]', "", msg.upper()) message_len = len(msg) if 0 < message_len < grid_size: gap_size = grid_size // message_len for i in range(0, message_len): pos = i * gap_size + randint(0, gap_size) grid.cells[pos // n_cols][pos % n_cols] = msg[i] return message_len return 0 def try_location(grid, word, direction, pos): r = pos // n_cols c = pos % n_cols length = len(word) if (dirs[direction][0] == 1 and (length + c) > n_cols) or \ (dirs[direction][0] == -1 and (length - 1) > c) or \ (dirs[direction][1] == 1 and (length + r) > n_rows) or \ (dirs[direction][1] == -1 and (length - 1) > r): return 0 rr = r cc = c i = 0 overlaps = 0 while i < length: if grid.cells[rr][cc] != '' and grid.cells[rr][cc] != word[i]: return 0 cc += dirs[direction][0] rr += dirs[direction][1] i += 1 rr = r cc = c i = 0 while i < length: if grid.cells[rr][cc] == word[i]: overlaps += 1 else: grid.cells[rr][cc] = word[i] if i < length - 1: cc += dirs[direction][0] rr += dirs[direction][1] i += 1 letters_placed = length - overlaps if letters_placed > 0: grid.solutions.append("{0:<10} ({1},{2})({3},{4})".format(word, c, r, cc, rr)) return letters_placed def try_place_word(grid, word): rand_dir = randint(0, len(dirs)) rand_pos = randint(0, grid_size) for direction in range(0, len(dirs)): direction = (direction + rand_dir) % len(dirs) for pos in range(0, grid_size): pos = (pos + rand_pos) % grid_size letters_placed = try_location(grid, word, direction, pos) if letters_placed > 0: return letters_placed return 0 def create_word_search(words): grid = None num_attempts = 0 while num_attempts < 100: num_attempts += 1 shuffle(words) grid = Grid() message_len = place_message(grid, "Rosetta Code") target = grid_size - message_len cells_filled = 0 for word in words: cells_filled += try_place_word(grid, word) if cells_filled == target: if len(grid.solutions) >= min_words: grid.num_attempts = num_attempts return grid else: break return grid def print_result(grid): if grid is None or grid.num_attempts == 0: print("No grid to display") return size = len(grid.solutions) print("Attempts: {0}".format(grid.num_attempts)) print("Number of words: {0}".format(size)) print("\n 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9\n") for r in range(0, n_rows): print("{0} ".format(r), end='') for c in range(0, n_cols): print(" %c " % grid.cells[r][c], end='') print() print() for i in range(0, size - 1, 2): print("{0} {1}".format(grid.solutions[i], grid.solutions[i+1])) if size % 2 == 1: print(grid.solutions[size - 1]) if __name__ == "__main__": print_result(create_word_search(read_words("unixdict.txt")))
Generate a Python translation of this Java snippet without changing its computational steps.
import java.io.*; import static java.lang.String.format; import java.util.*; public class WordSearch { static class Grid { int numAttempts; char[][] cells = new char[nRows][nCols]; List<String> solutions = new ArrayList<>(); } final static int[][] dirs = {{1, 0}, {0, 1}, {1, 1}, {1, -1}, {-1, 0}, {0, -1}, {-1, -1}, {-1, 1}}; final static int nRows = 10; final static int nCols = 10; final static int gridSize = nRows * nCols; final static int minWords = 25; final static Random rand = new Random(); public static void main(String[] args) { printResult(createWordSearch(readWords("unixdict.txt"))); } static List<String> readWords(String filename) { int maxLen = Math.max(nRows, nCols); List<String> words = new ArrayList<>(); try (Scanner sc = new Scanner(new FileReader(filename))) { while (sc.hasNext()) { String s = sc.next().trim().toLowerCase(); if (s.matches("^[a-z]{3," + maxLen + "}$")) words.add(s); } } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { System.out.println(e); } return words; } static Grid createWordSearch(List<String> words) { Grid grid = null; int numAttempts = 0; outer: while (++numAttempts < 100) { Collections.shuffle(words); grid = new Grid(); int messageLen = placeMessage(grid, "Rosetta Code"); int target = gridSize - messageLen; int cellsFilled = 0; for (String word : words) { cellsFilled += tryPlaceWord(grid, word); if (cellsFilled == target) { if (grid.solutions.size() >= minWords) { grid.numAttempts = numAttempts; break outer; } else break; } } } return grid; } static int placeMessage(Grid grid, String msg) { msg = msg.toUpperCase().replaceAll("[^A-Z]", ""); int messageLen = msg.length(); if (messageLen > 0 && messageLen < gridSize) { int gapSize = gridSize / messageLen; for (int i = 0; i < messageLen; i++) { int pos = i * gapSize + rand.nextInt(gapSize); grid.cells[pos / nCols][pos % nCols] = msg.charAt(i); } return messageLen; } return 0; } static int tryPlaceWord(Grid grid, String word) { int randDir = rand.nextInt(dirs.length); int randPos = rand.nextInt(gridSize); for (int dir = 0; dir < dirs.length; dir++) { dir = (dir + randDir) % dirs.length; for (int pos = 0; pos < gridSize; pos++) { pos = (pos + randPos) % gridSize; int lettersPlaced = tryLocation(grid, word, dir, pos); if (lettersPlaced > 0) return lettersPlaced; } } return 0; } static int tryLocation(Grid grid, String word, int dir, int pos) { int r = pos / nCols; int c = pos % nCols; int len = word.length(); if ((dirs[dir][0] == 1 && (len + c) > nCols) || (dirs[dir][0] == -1 && (len - 1) > c) || (dirs[dir][1] == 1 && (len + r) > nRows) || (dirs[dir][1] == -1 && (len - 1) > r)) return 0; int rr, cc, i, overlaps = 0; for (i = 0, rr = r, cc = c; i < len; i++) { if (grid.cells[rr][cc] != 0 && grid.cells[rr][cc] != word.charAt(i)) return 0; cc += dirs[dir][0]; rr += dirs[dir][1]; } for (i = 0, rr = r, cc = c; i < len; i++) { if (grid.cells[rr][cc] == word.charAt(i)) overlaps++; else grid.cells[rr][cc] = word.charAt(i); if (i < len - 1) { cc += dirs[dir][0]; rr += dirs[dir][1]; } } int lettersPlaced = len - overlaps; if (lettersPlaced > 0) { grid.solutions.add(format("%-10s (%d,%d)(%d,%d)", word, c, r, cc, rr)); } return lettersPlaced; } static void printResult(Grid grid) { if (grid == null || grid.numAttempts == 0) { System.out.println("No grid to display"); return; } int size = grid.solutions.size(); System.out.println("Attempts: " + grid.numAttempts); System.out.println("Number of words: " + size); System.out.println("\n 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9"); for (int r = 0; r < nRows; r++) { System.out.printf("%n%d ", r); for (int c = 0; c < nCols; c++) System.out.printf(" %c ", grid.cells[r][c]); } System.out.println("\n"); for (int i = 0; i < size - 1; i += 2) { System.out.printf("%s %s%n", grid.solutions.get(i), grid.solutions.get(i + 1)); } if (size % 2 == 1) System.out.println(grid.solutions.get(size - 1)); } }
import re from random import shuffle, randint dirs = [[1, 0], [0, 1], [1, 1], [1, -1], [-1, 0], [0, -1], [-1, -1], [-1, 1]] n_rows = 10 n_cols = 10 grid_size = n_rows * n_cols min_words = 25 class Grid: def __init__(self): self.num_attempts = 0 self.cells = [['' for _ in range(n_cols)] for _ in range(n_rows)] self.solutions = [] def read_words(filename): max_len = max(n_rows, n_cols) words = [] with open(filename, "r") as file: for line in file: s = line.strip().lower() if re.match(r'^[a-z]{3,' + re.escape(str(max_len)) + r'}$', s) is not None: words.append(s) return words def place_message(grid, msg): msg = re.sub(r'[^A-Z]', "", msg.upper()) message_len = len(msg) if 0 < message_len < grid_size: gap_size = grid_size // message_len for i in range(0, message_len): pos = i * gap_size + randint(0, gap_size) grid.cells[pos // n_cols][pos % n_cols] = msg[i] return message_len return 0 def try_location(grid, word, direction, pos): r = pos // n_cols c = pos % n_cols length = len(word) if (dirs[direction][0] == 1 and (length + c) > n_cols) or \ (dirs[direction][0] == -1 and (length - 1) > c) or \ (dirs[direction][1] == 1 and (length + r) > n_rows) or \ (dirs[direction][1] == -1 and (length - 1) > r): return 0 rr = r cc = c i = 0 overlaps = 0 while i < length: if grid.cells[rr][cc] != '' and grid.cells[rr][cc] != word[i]: return 0 cc += dirs[direction][0] rr += dirs[direction][1] i += 1 rr = r cc = c i = 0 while i < length: if grid.cells[rr][cc] == word[i]: overlaps += 1 else: grid.cells[rr][cc] = word[i] if i < length - 1: cc += dirs[direction][0] rr += dirs[direction][1] i += 1 letters_placed = length - overlaps if letters_placed > 0: grid.solutions.append("{0:<10} ({1},{2})({3},{4})".format(word, c, r, cc, rr)) return letters_placed def try_place_word(grid, word): rand_dir = randint(0, len(dirs)) rand_pos = randint(0, grid_size) for direction in range(0, len(dirs)): direction = (direction + rand_dir) % len(dirs) for pos in range(0, grid_size): pos = (pos + rand_pos) % grid_size letters_placed = try_location(grid, word, direction, pos) if letters_placed > 0: return letters_placed return 0 def create_word_search(words): grid = None num_attempts = 0 while num_attempts < 100: num_attempts += 1 shuffle(words) grid = Grid() message_len = place_message(grid, "Rosetta Code") target = grid_size - message_len cells_filled = 0 for word in words: cells_filled += try_place_word(grid, word) if cells_filled == target: if len(grid.solutions) >= min_words: grid.num_attempts = num_attempts return grid else: break return grid def print_result(grid): if grid is None or grid.num_attempts == 0: print("No grid to display") return size = len(grid.solutions) print("Attempts: {0}".format(grid.num_attempts)) print("Number of words: {0}".format(size)) print("\n 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9\n") for r in range(0, n_rows): print("{0} ".format(r), end='') for c in range(0, n_cols): print(" %c " % grid.cells[r][c], end='') print() print() for i in range(0, size - 1, 2): print("{0} {1}".format(grid.solutions[i], grid.solutions[i+1])) if size % 2 == 1: print(grid.solutions[size - 1]) if __name__ == "__main__": print_result(create_word_search(read_words("unixdict.txt")))
Write the same algorithm in Python as shown in this Java implementation.
module BreakOO { class Exposed { public String pub = "public"; protected String pro = "protected"; private String pri = "private"; @Override String toString() { return $"pub={pub.quoted()}, pro={pro.quoted()}, pri={pri.quoted()}"; } } void run() { @Inject Console console; Exposed expo = new Exposed(); console.print($"before: {expo}"); expo.pub = $"this was {expo.pub}"; assert (protected Exposed) expoPro := &expo.revealAs((protected Exposed)); expoPro.pro = $"this was {expoPro.pro}"; assert (private Exposed) expoPri := &expo.revealAs((private Exposed)); expoPri.pri = $"this was {expoPri.pri}"; assert (struct Exposed) expoStr := &expo.revealAs((struct Exposed)); expoStr.pub = $"{expoStr.pub}!!!"; expoStr.pro = $"{expoStr.pro}!!!"; expoStr.pri = $"{expoStr.pri}!!!"; console.print($"after: {expo}"); } }
>>> class MyClassName: __private = 123 non_private = __private * 2 >>> mine = MyClassName() >>> mine.non_private 246 >>> mine.__private Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell mine.__private AttributeError: 'MyClassName' object has no attribute '__private' >>> mine._MyClassName__private 123 >>>
Generate an equivalent Python version of this Java code.
module BreakOO { class Exposed { public String pub = "public"; protected String pro = "protected"; private String pri = "private"; @Override String toString() { return $"pub={pub.quoted()}, pro={pro.quoted()}, pri={pri.quoted()}"; } } void run() { @Inject Console console; Exposed expo = new Exposed(); console.print($"before: {expo}"); expo.pub = $"this was {expo.pub}"; assert (protected Exposed) expoPro := &expo.revealAs((protected Exposed)); expoPro.pro = $"this was {expoPro.pro}"; assert (private Exposed) expoPri := &expo.revealAs((private Exposed)); expoPri.pri = $"this was {expoPri.pri}"; assert (struct Exposed) expoStr := &expo.revealAs((struct Exposed)); expoStr.pub = $"{expoStr.pub}!!!"; expoStr.pro = $"{expoStr.pro}!!!"; expoStr.pri = $"{expoStr.pri}!!!"; console.print($"after: {expo}"); } }
>>> class MyClassName: __private = 123 non_private = __private * 2 >>> mine = MyClassName() >>> mine.non_private 246 >>> mine.__private Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell mine.__private AttributeError: 'MyClassName' object has no attribute '__private' >>> mine._MyClassName__private 123 >>>
Write the same code in Python as shown below in Java.
import java.io.*; class Entity implements Serializable { static final long serialVersionUID = 3504465751164822571L; String name = "Entity"; public String toString() { return name; } } class Person extends Entity implements Serializable { static final long serialVersionUID = -9170445713373959735L; Person() { name = "Cletus"; } } public class SerializationTest { public static void main(String[] args) { Person instance1 = new Person(); System.out.println(instance1); Entity instance2 = new Entity(); System.out.println(instance2); try { ObjectOutput out = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("objects.dat")); out.writeObject(instance1); out.writeObject(instance2); out.close(); System.out.println("Serialized..."); } catch (IOException e) { System.err.println("Something screwed up while serializing"); e.printStackTrace(); System.exit(1); } try { ObjectInput in = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream("objects.dat")); Object readObject1 = in.readObject(); Object readObject2 = in.readObject(); in.close(); System.out.println("Deserialized..."); System.out.println(readObject1); System.out.println(readObject2); } catch (IOException e) { System.err.println("Something screwed up while deserializing"); e.printStackTrace(); System.exit(1); } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { System.err.println("Unknown class for deserialized object"); e.printStackTrace(); System.exit(1); } } }
import pickle class Entity: def __init__(self): self.name = "Entity" def printName(self): print self.name class Person(Entity): def __init__(self): self.name = "Cletus" instance1 = Person() instance1.printName() instance2 = Entity() instance2.printName() target = file("objects.dat", "w") pickle.dump((instance1, instance2), target) target.close() print "Serialized..." target = file("objects.dat") i1, i2 = pickle.load(target) print "Unserialized..." i1.printName() i2.printName()
Preserve the algorithm and functionality while converting the code from Java to Python.
import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; public class Eertree { public static void main(String[] args) { List<Node> tree = eertree("eertree"); List<String> result = subPalindromes(tree); System.out.println(result); } private static class Node { int length; Map<Character, Integer> edges = new HashMap<>(); int suffix; public Node(int length) { this.length = length; } public Node(int length, Map<Character, Integer> edges, int suffix) { this.length = length; this.edges = edges != null ? edges : new HashMap<>(); this.suffix = suffix; } } private static final int EVEN_ROOT = 0; private static final int ODD_ROOT = 1; private static List<Node> eertree(String s) { List<Node> tree = new ArrayList<>(); tree.add(new Node(0, null, ODD_ROOT)); tree.add(new Node(-1, null, ODD_ROOT)); int suffix = ODD_ROOT; int n, k; for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); ++i) { char c = s.charAt(i); for (n = suffix; ; n = tree.get(n).suffix) { k = tree.get(n).length; int b = i - k - 1; if (b >= 0 && s.charAt(b) == c) { break; } } if (tree.get(n).edges.containsKey(c)) { suffix = tree.get(n).edges.get(c); continue; } suffix = tree.size(); tree.add(new Node(k + 2)); tree.get(n).edges.put(c, suffix); if (tree.get(suffix).length == 1) { tree.get(suffix).suffix = 0; continue; } while (true) { n = tree.get(n).suffix; int b = i - tree.get(n).length - 1; if (b >= 0 && s.charAt(b) == c) { break; } } tree.get(suffix).suffix = tree.get(n).edges.get(c); } return tree; } private static List<String> subPalindromes(List<Node> tree) { List<String> s = new ArrayList<>(); subPalindromes_children(0, "", tree, s); for (Map.Entry<Character, Integer> cm : tree.get(1).edges.entrySet()) { String ct = String.valueOf(cm.getKey()); s.add(ct); subPalindromes_children(cm.getValue(), ct, tree, s); } return s; } private static void subPalindromes_children(final int n, final String p, final List<Node> tree, List<String> s) { for (Map.Entry<Character, Integer> cm : tree.get(n).edges.entrySet()) { Character c = cm.getKey(); Integer m = cm.getValue(); String pl = c + p + c; s.add(pl); subPalindromes_children(m, pl, tree, s); } } }
from __future__ import print_function class Node(object): def __init__(self): self.edges = {} self.link = None self.len = 0 class Eertree(object): def __init__(self): self.nodes = [] self.rto = Node() self.rte = Node() self.rto.link = self.rte.link = self.rto; self.rto.len = -1 self.rte.len = 0 self.S = [0] self.maxSufT = self.rte def get_max_suffix_pal(self, startNode, a): u = startNode i = len(self.S) k = u.len while id(u) != id(self.rto) and self.S[i - k - 1] != a: assert id(u) != id(u.link) u = u.link k = u.len return u def add(self, a): Q = self.get_max_suffix_pal(self.maxSufT, a) createANewNode = not a in Q.edges if createANewNode: P = Node() self.nodes.append(P) P.len = Q.len + 2 if P.len == 1: P.link = self.rte else: P.link = self.get_max_suffix_pal(Q.link, a).edges[a] Q.edges[a] = P self.maxSufT = Q.edges[a] self.S.append(a) return createANewNode def get_sub_palindromes(self, nd, nodesToHere, charsToHere, result): for lnkName in nd.edges: nd2 = nd.edges[lnkName] self.get_sub_palindromes(nd2, nodesToHere+[nd2], charsToHere+[lnkName], result) if id(nd) != id(self.rto) and id(nd) != id(self.rte): tmp = "".join(charsToHere) if id(nodesToHere[0]) == id(self.rte): assembled = tmp[::-1] + tmp else: assembled = tmp[::-1] + tmp[1:] result.append(assembled) if __name__=="__main__": st = "eertree" print ("Processing string", st) eertree = Eertree() for ch in st: eertree.add(ch) print ("Number of sub-palindromes:", len(eertree.nodes)) result = [] eertree.get_sub_palindromes(eertree.rto, [eertree.rto], [], result) eertree.get_sub_palindromes(eertree.rte, [eertree.rte], [], result) print ("Sub-palindromes:", result)
Keep all operations the same but rewrite the snippet in Python.
import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; public class Eertree { public static void main(String[] args) { List<Node> tree = eertree("eertree"); List<String> result = subPalindromes(tree); System.out.println(result); } private static class Node { int length; Map<Character, Integer> edges = new HashMap<>(); int suffix; public Node(int length) { this.length = length; } public Node(int length, Map<Character, Integer> edges, int suffix) { this.length = length; this.edges = edges != null ? edges : new HashMap<>(); this.suffix = suffix; } } private static final int EVEN_ROOT = 0; private static final int ODD_ROOT = 1; private static List<Node> eertree(String s) { List<Node> tree = new ArrayList<>(); tree.add(new Node(0, null, ODD_ROOT)); tree.add(new Node(-1, null, ODD_ROOT)); int suffix = ODD_ROOT; int n, k; for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); ++i) { char c = s.charAt(i); for (n = suffix; ; n = tree.get(n).suffix) { k = tree.get(n).length; int b = i - k - 1; if (b >= 0 && s.charAt(b) == c) { break; } } if (tree.get(n).edges.containsKey(c)) { suffix = tree.get(n).edges.get(c); continue; } suffix = tree.size(); tree.add(new Node(k + 2)); tree.get(n).edges.put(c, suffix); if (tree.get(suffix).length == 1) { tree.get(suffix).suffix = 0; continue; } while (true) { n = tree.get(n).suffix; int b = i - tree.get(n).length - 1; if (b >= 0 && s.charAt(b) == c) { break; } } tree.get(suffix).suffix = tree.get(n).edges.get(c); } return tree; } private static List<String> subPalindromes(List<Node> tree) { List<String> s = new ArrayList<>(); subPalindromes_children(0, "", tree, s); for (Map.Entry<Character, Integer> cm : tree.get(1).edges.entrySet()) { String ct = String.valueOf(cm.getKey()); s.add(ct); subPalindromes_children(cm.getValue(), ct, tree, s); } return s; } private static void subPalindromes_children(final int n, final String p, final List<Node> tree, List<String> s) { for (Map.Entry<Character, Integer> cm : tree.get(n).edges.entrySet()) { Character c = cm.getKey(); Integer m = cm.getValue(); String pl = c + p + c; s.add(pl); subPalindromes_children(m, pl, tree, s); } } }
from __future__ import print_function class Node(object): def __init__(self): self.edges = {} self.link = None self.len = 0 class Eertree(object): def __init__(self): self.nodes = [] self.rto = Node() self.rte = Node() self.rto.link = self.rte.link = self.rto; self.rto.len = -1 self.rte.len = 0 self.S = [0] self.maxSufT = self.rte def get_max_suffix_pal(self, startNode, a): u = startNode i = len(self.S) k = u.len while id(u) != id(self.rto) and self.S[i - k - 1] != a: assert id(u) != id(u.link) u = u.link k = u.len return u def add(self, a): Q = self.get_max_suffix_pal(self.maxSufT, a) createANewNode = not a in Q.edges if createANewNode: P = Node() self.nodes.append(P) P.len = Q.len + 2 if P.len == 1: P.link = self.rte else: P.link = self.get_max_suffix_pal(Q.link, a).edges[a] Q.edges[a] = P self.maxSufT = Q.edges[a] self.S.append(a) return createANewNode def get_sub_palindromes(self, nd, nodesToHere, charsToHere, result): for lnkName in nd.edges: nd2 = nd.edges[lnkName] self.get_sub_palindromes(nd2, nodesToHere+[nd2], charsToHere+[lnkName], result) if id(nd) != id(self.rto) and id(nd) != id(self.rte): tmp = "".join(charsToHere) if id(nodesToHere[0]) == id(self.rte): assembled = tmp[::-1] + tmp else: assembled = tmp[::-1] + tmp[1:] result.append(assembled) if __name__=="__main__": st = "eertree" print ("Processing string", st) eertree = Eertree() for ch in st: eertree.add(ch) print ("Number of sub-palindromes:", len(eertree.nodes)) result = [] eertree.get_sub_palindromes(eertree.rto, [eertree.rto], [], result) eertree.get_sub_palindromes(eertree.rte, [eertree.rte], [], result) print ("Sub-palindromes:", result)
Translate the given Java code snippet into Python without altering its behavior.
import java.time.LocalDate; import java.time.temporal.WeekFields; public class LongYear { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.printf("Long years this century:%n"); for (int year = 2000 ; year < 2100 ; year++ ) { if ( longYear(year) ) { System.out.print(year + " "); } } } private static boolean longYear(int year) { return LocalDate.of(year, 12, 28).get(WeekFields.ISO.weekOfYear()) == 53; } }
from datetime import date def longYear(y): return 52 < date(y, 12, 28).isocalendar()[1] def main(): for year in [ x for x in range(2000, 1 + 2100) if longYear(x) ]: print(year) if __name__ == '__main__': main()