Instruction stringlengths 45 106 | input_code stringlengths 1 13.7k | output_code stringlengths 1 13.7k |
|---|---|---|
Change the programming language of this snippet from C++ to C without modifying what it does. | #include <algorithm>
#include <array>
#include <cstdint>
#include <iostream>
#include <tuple>
std::tuple<int, int> minmax(const int * numbers, const std::size_t num) {
const auto maximum = std::max_element(numbers, numbers + num);
const auto minimum = std::min_element(numbers, numbers + num);
return std::make_tuple(*minimum, *maximum) ;
}
int main( ) {
const auto numbers = std::array<int, 8>{{17, 88, 9, 33, 4, 987, -10, 2}};
int min{};
int max{};
std::tie(min, max) = minmax(numbers.data(), numbers.size());
std::cout << "The smallest number is " << min << ", the biggest " << max << "!\n" ;
}
| #include<stdio.h>
typedef struct{
int integer;
float decimal;
char letter;
char string[100];
double bigDecimal;
}Composite;
Composite example()
{
Composite C = {1, 2.3, 'a', "Hello World", 45.678};
return C;
}
int main()
{
Composite C = example();
printf("Values from a function returning a structure : { %d, %f, %c, %s, %f}\n", C.integer, C.decimal, C.letter, C.string, C.bigDecimal);
return 0;
}
|
Write the same code in C as shown below in C++. | #include <iostream>
#include <map>
class van_eck_generator {
public:
int next() {
int result = last_term;
auto iter = last_pos.find(last_term);
int next_term = (iter != last_pos.end()) ? index - iter->second : 0;
last_pos[last_term] = index;
last_term = next_term;
++index;
return result;
}
private:
int index = 0;
int last_term = 0;
std::map<int, int> last_pos;
};
int main() {
van_eck_generator gen;
int i = 0;
std::cout << "First 10 terms of the Van Eck sequence:\n";
for (; i < 10; ++i)
std::cout << gen.next() << ' ';
for (; i < 990; ++i)
gen.next();
std::cout << "\nTerms 991 to 1000 of the sequence:\n";
for (; i < 1000; ++i)
std::cout << gen.next() << ' ';
std::cout << '\n';
return 0;
}
| #include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main(int argc, const char *argv[]) {
const int max = 1000;
int *a = malloc(max * sizeof(int));
for (int n = 0; n < max - 1; n ++) {
for (int m = n - 1; m >= 0; m --) {
if (a[m] == a[n]) {
a[n+1] = n - m;
break;
}
}
}
printf("The first ten terms of the Van Eck sequence are:\n");
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i ++) printf("%d ", a[i]);
printf("\n\nTerms 991 to 1000 of the sequence are:\n");
for (int i = 990; i < 1000; i ++) printf("%d ", a[i]);
putchar('\n');
return 0;
}
|
Translate the given C++ code snippet into C without altering its behavior. | #include <iostream>
#include <map>
class van_eck_generator {
public:
int next() {
int result = last_term;
auto iter = last_pos.find(last_term);
int next_term = (iter != last_pos.end()) ? index - iter->second : 0;
last_pos[last_term] = index;
last_term = next_term;
++index;
return result;
}
private:
int index = 0;
int last_term = 0;
std::map<int, int> last_pos;
};
int main() {
van_eck_generator gen;
int i = 0;
std::cout << "First 10 terms of the Van Eck sequence:\n";
for (; i < 10; ++i)
std::cout << gen.next() << ' ';
for (; i < 990; ++i)
gen.next();
std::cout << "\nTerms 991 to 1000 of the sequence:\n";
for (; i < 1000; ++i)
std::cout << gen.next() << ' ';
std::cout << '\n';
return 0;
}
| #include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main(int argc, const char *argv[]) {
const int max = 1000;
int *a = malloc(max * sizeof(int));
for (int n = 0; n < max - 1; n ++) {
for (int m = n - 1; m >= 0; m --) {
if (a[m] == a[n]) {
a[n+1] = n - m;
break;
}
}
}
printf("The first ten terms of the Van Eck sequence are:\n");
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i ++) printf("%d ", a[i]);
printf("\n\nTerms 991 to 1000 of the sequence are:\n");
for (int i = 990; i < 1000; i ++) printf("%d ", a[i]);
putchar('\n');
return 0;
}
|
Ensure the translated C code behaves exactly like the original C++ snippet. |
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <cstring>
#include <fstream>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <ftplib.h>
#include <ftp++.hpp>
int stat(const char *pathname, struct stat *buf);
char *strerror(int errnum);
char *basename(char *path);
namespace stl
{
using std::cout;
using std::cerr;
using std::string;
using std::ifstream;
using std::remove;
};
using namespace stl;
using Mode = ftp::Connection::Mode;
Mode PASV = Mode::PASSIVE;
Mode PORT = Mode::PORT;
using TransferMode = ftp::Connection::TransferMode;
TransferMode BINARY = TransferMode::BINARY;
TransferMode TEXT = TransferMode::TEXT;
struct session
{
const string server;
const string port;
const string user;
const string pass;
Mode mode;
TransferMode txmode;
string dir;
};
ftp::Connection connect_ftp( const session& sess);
size_t get_ftp( ftp::Connection& conn, string const& path);
string readFile( const string& filename);
string login_ftp(ftp::Connection& conn, const session& sess);
string dir_listing( ftp::Connection& conn, const string& path);
string readFile( const string& filename)
{
struct stat stat_buf;
string contents;
errno = 0;
if (stat(filename.c_str() , &stat_buf) != -1)
{
size_t len = stat_buf.st_size;
string bytes(len+1, '\0');
ifstream ifs(filename);
ifs.read(&bytes[0], len);
if (! ifs.fail() ) contents.swap(bytes);
ifs.close();
}
else
{
cerr << "stat error: " << strerror(errno);
}
return contents;
}
ftp::Connection connect_ftp( const session& sess)
try
{
string constr = sess.server + ":" + sess.port;
cerr << "connecting to " << constr << " ...\n";
ftp::Connection conn{ constr.c_str() };
cerr << "connected to " << constr << "\n";
conn.setConnectionMode(sess.mode);
return conn;
}
catch (ftp::ConnectException e)
{
cerr << "FTP error: could not connect to server" << "\n";
}
string login_ftp(ftp::Connection& conn, const session& sess)
{
conn.login(sess.user.c_str() , sess.pass.c_str() );
return conn.getLastResponse();
}
string dir_listing( ftp::Connection& conn, const string& path)
try
{
const char* dirdata = "/dev/shm/dirdata";
conn.getList(dirdata, path.c_str() );
string dir_string = readFile(dirdata);
cerr << conn.getLastResponse() << "\n";
errno = 0;
if ( remove(dirdata) != 0 )
{
cerr << "error: " << strerror(errno) << "\n";
}
return dir_string;
}
catch (...) {
cerr << "error: getting dir contents: \n"
<< strerror(errno) << "\n";
}
size_t get_ftp( ftp::Connection& conn, const string& r_path)
{
size_t received = 0;
const char* path = r_path.c_str();
unsigned remotefile_size = conn.size(path , BINARY);
const char* localfile = basename(path);
conn.get(localfile, path, BINARY);
cerr << conn.getLastResponse() << "\n";
struct stat stat_buf;
errno = 0;
if (stat(localfile, &stat_buf) != -1)
received = stat_buf.st_size;
else
cerr << strerror(errno);
return received;
}
const session sonic
{
"mirrors.sonic.net",
"21" ,
"anonymous",
"xxxx@nohost.org",
PASV,
BINARY,
"/pub/OpenBSD"
};
int main(int argc, char* argv[], char * env[] )
{
const session remote = sonic;
try
{
ftp::Connection conn = connect_ftp(remote);
cerr << login_ftp(conn, remote);
cout << "System type: " << conn.getSystemType() << "\n";
cerr << conn.getLastResponse() << "\n";
conn.cd(remote.dir.c_str());
cerr << conn.getLastResponse() << "\n";
string pwdstr = conn.getDirectory();
cout << "PWD: " << pwdstr << "\n";
cerr << conn.getLastResponse() << "\n";
string dirlist = dir_listing(conn, pwdstr.c_str() );
cout << dirlist << "\n";
string filename = "ftplist";
auto pos = dirlist.find(filename);
auto notfound = string::npos;
if (pos != notfound)
{
size_t received = get_ftp(conn, filename.c_str() );
if (received == 0)
cerr << "got 0 bytes\n";
else
cerr << "got " << filename
<< " (" << received << " bytes)\n";
}
else
{
cerr << "file " << filename
<< "not found on server. \n";
}
}
catch (ftp::ConnectException e)
{
cerr << "FTP error: could not connect to server" << "\n";
}
catch (ftp::Exception e)
{
cerr << "FTP error: " << e << "\n";
}
catch (...)
{
cerr << "error: " << strerror(errno) << "\n";
}
return 0;
}
| #include <ftplib.h>
int main(void)
{
netbuf *nbuf;
FtpInit();
FtpConnect("kernel.org", &nbuf);
FtpLogin("anonymous", "", nbuf);
FtpOptions(FTPLIB_CONNMODE, FTPLIB_PASSIVE, nbuf);
FtpChdir("pub/linux/kernel", nbuf);
FtpDir((void*)0, ".", nbuf);
FtpGet("ftp.README", "README", FTPLIB_ASCII, nbuf);
FtpQuit(nbuf);
return 0;
}
|
Change the programming language of this snippet from C++ to C without modifying what it does. | #include <random>
#include <iostream>
#include <stack>
#include <set>
#include <string>
#include <functional>
using namespace std;
class RPNParse
{
public:
stack<double> stk;
multiset<int> digits;
void op(function<double(double,double)> f)
{
if(stk.size() < 2)
throw "Improperly written expression";
int b = stk.top(); stk.pop();
int a = stk.top(); stk.pop();
stk.push(f(a, b));
}
void parse(char c)
{
if(c >= '0' && c <= '9')
{
stk.push(c - '0');
digits.insert(c - '0');
}
else if(c == '+')
op([](double a, double b) {return a+b;});
else if(c == '-')
op([](double a, double b) {return a-b;});
else if(c == '*')
op([](double a, double b) {return a*b;});
else if(c == '/')
op([](double a, double b) {return a/b;});
}
void parse(string s)
{
for(int i = 0; i < s.size(); ++i)
parse(s[i]);
}
double getResult()
{
if(stk.size() != 1)
throw "Improperly written expression";
return stk.top();
}
};
int main()
{
random_device seed;
mt19937 engine(seed());
uniform_int_distribution<> distribution(1, 9);
auto rnd = bind(distribution, engine);
multiset<int> digits;
cout << "Make 24 with the digits: ";
for(int i = 0; i < 4; ++i)
{
int n = rnd();
cout << " " << n;
digits.insert(n);
}
cout << endl;
RPNParse parser;
try
{
string input;
getline(cin, input);
parser.parse(input);
if(digits != parser.digits)
cout << "Error: Not using the given digits" << endl;
else
{
double r = parser.getResult();
cout << "Result: " << r << endl;
if(r > 23.999 && r < 24.001)
cout << "Good job!" << endl;
else
cout << "Try again." << endl;
}
}
catch(char* e)
{
cout << "Error: " << e << endl;
}
return 0;
}
| #include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <setjmp.h>
#include <time.h>
jmp_buf ctx;
const char *msg;
enum { OP_NONE = 0, OP_NUM, OP_ADD, OP_SUB, OP_MUL, OP_DIV };
typedef struct expr_t *expr, expr_t;
struct expr_t {
int op, val, used;
expr left, right;
};
#define N_DIGITS 4
expr_t digits[N_DIGITS];
void gen_digits()
{
int i;
for (i = 0; i < N_DIGITS; i++)
digits[i].val = 1 + rand() % 9;
}
#define MAX_INPUT 64
char str[MAX_INPUT];
int pos;
#define POOL_SIZE 8
expr_t pool[POOL_SIZE];
int pool_ptr;
void reset()
{
int i;
msg = 0;
pool_ptr = pos = 0;
for (i = 0; i < POOL_SIZE; i++) {
pool[i].op = OP_NONE;
pool[i].left = pool[i].right = 0;
}
for (i = 0; i < N_DIGITS; i++)
digits[i].used = 0;
}
void bail(const char *s)
{
msg = s;
longjmp(ctx, 1);
}
expr new_expr()
{
if (pool_ptr < POOL_SIZE)
return pool + pool_ptr++;
return 0;
}
int next_tok()
{
while (isspace(str[pos])) pos++;
return str[pos];
}
int take()
{
if (str[pos] != '\0') return ++pos;
return 0;
}
expr get_fact();
expr get_term();
expr get_expr();
expr get_expr()
{
int c;
expr l, r, ret;
if (!(ret = get_term())) bail("Expected term");
while ((c = next_tok()) == '+' || c == '-') {
if (!take()) bail("Unexpected end of input");
if (!(r = get_term())) bail("Expected term");
l = ret;
ret = new_expr();
ret->op = (c == '+') ? OP_ADD : OP_SUB;
ret->left = l;
ret->right = r;
}
return ret;
}
expr get_term()
{
int c;
expr l, r, ret;
ret = get_fact();
while((c = next_tok()) == '*' || c == '/') {
if (!take()) bail("Unexpected end of input");
r = get_fact();
l = ret;
ret = new_expr();
ret->op = (c == '*') ? OP_MUL : OP_DIV;
ret->left = l;
ret->right = r;
}
return ret;
}
expr get_digit()
{
int i, c = next_tok();
expr ret;
if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') {
take();
ret = new_expr();
ret->op = OP_NUM;
ret->val = c - '0';
for (i = 0; i < N_DIGITS; i++)
if (digits[i].val == ret->val && !digits[i].used) {
digits[i].used = 1;
return ret;
}
bail("Invalid digit");
}
return 0;
}
expr get_fact()
{
int c;
expr l = get_digit();
if (l) return l;
if ((c = next_tok()) == '(') {
take();
l = get_expr();
if (next_tok() != ')') bail("Unbalanced parens");
take();
return l;
}
return 0;
}
expr parse()
{
int i;
expr ret = get_expr();
if (next_tok() != '\0')
bail("Trailing garbage");
for (i = 0; i < N_DIGITS; i++)
if (!digits[i].used)
bail("Not all digits are used");
return ret;
}
typedef struct frac_t frac_t, *frac;
struct frac_t { int denom, num; };
int gcd(int m, int n)
{
int t;
while (m) {
t = m; m = n % m; n = t;
}
return n;
}
void eval_tree(expr e, frac res)
{
frac_t l, r;
int t;
if (e->op == OP_NUM) {
res->num = e->val;
res->denom = 1;
return;
}
eval_tree(e->left, &l);
eval_tree(e->right, &r);
switch(e->op) {
case OP_ADD:
res->num = l.num * r.denom + l.denom * r.num;
res->denom = l.denom * r.denom;
break;
case OP_SUB:
res->num = l.num * r.denom - l.denom * r.num;
res->denom = l.denom * r.denom;
break;
case OP_MUL:
res->num = l.num * r.num;
res->denom = l.denom * r.denom;
break;
case OP_DIV:
res->num = l.num * r.denom;
res->denom = l.denom * r.num;
break;
}
if ((t = gcd(res->denom, res->num))) {
res->denom /= t;
res->num /= t;
}
}
void get_input()
{
int i;
reinput:
reset();
printf("\nAvailable digits are:");
for (i = 0; i < N_DIGITS; i++)
printf(" %d", digits[i].val);
printf(". Type an expression and I'll check it for you, or make new numbers.\n"
"Your choice? [Expr/n/q] ");
while (1) {
for (i = 0; i < MAX_INPUT; i++) str[i] = '\n';
fgets(str, MAX_INPUT, stdin);
if (*str == '\0') goto reinput;
if (str[MAX_INPUT - 1] != '\n')
bail("string too long");
for (i = 0; i < MAX_INPUT; i++)
if (str[i] == '\n') str[i] = '\0';
if (str[0] == 'q') {
printf("Bye\n");
exit(0);
}
if (str[0] == 'n') {
gen_digits();
goto reinput;
}
return;
}
}
int main()
{
frac_t f;
srand(time(0));
gen_digits();
while(1) {
get_input();
setjmp(ctx);
if (msg) {
printf("%s at '%.*s'\n", msg, pos, str);
continue;
}
eval_tree(parse(), &f);
if (f.denom == 0) bail("Divide by zero");
if (f.denom == 1 && f.num == 24)
printf("You got 24. Very good.\n");
else {
if (f.denom == 1)
printf("Eval to: %d, ", f.num);
else
printf("Eval to: %d/%d, ", f.num, f.denom);
printf("no good. Try again.\n");
}
}
return 0;
}
|
Translate this program into C but keep the logic exactly as in C++. | #include <random>
#include <iostream>
#include <stack>
#include <set>
#include <string>
#include <functional>
using namespace std;
class RPNParse
{
public:
stack<double> stk;
multiset<int> digits;
void op(function<double(double,double)> f)
{
if(stk.size() < 2)
throw "Improperly written expression";
int b = stk.top(); stk.pop();
int a = stk.top(); stk.pop();
stk.push(f(a, b));
}
void parse(char c)
{
if(c >= '0' && c <= '9')
{
stk.push(c - '0');
digits.insert(c - '0');
}
else if(c == '+')
op([](double a, double b) {return a+b;});
else if(c == '-')
op([](double a, double b) {return a-b;});
else if(c == '*')
op([](double a, double b) {return a*b;});
else if(c == '/')
op([](double a, double b) {return a/b;});
}
void parse(string s)
{
for(int i = 0; i < s.size(); ++i)
parse(s[i]);
}
double getResult()
{
if(stk.size() != 1)
throw "Improperly written expression";
return stk.top();
}
};
int main()
{
random_device seed;
mt19937 engine(seed());
uniform_int_distribution<> distribution(1, 9);
auto rnd = bind(distribution, engine);
multiset<int> digits;
cout << "Make 24 with the digits: ";
for(int i = 0; i < 4; ++i)
{
int n = rnd();
cout << " " << n;
digits.insert(n);
}
cout << endl;
RPNParse parser;
try
{
string input;
getline(cin, input);
parser.parse(input);
if(digits != parser.digits)
cout << "Error: Not using the given digits" << endl;
else
{
double r = parser.getResult();
cout << "Result: " << r << endl;
if(r > 23.999 && r < 24.001)
cout << "Good job!" << endl;
else
cout << "Try again." << endl;
}
}
catch(char* e)
{
cout << "Error: " << e << endl;
}
return 0;
}
| #include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <setjmp.h>
#include <time.h>
jmp_buf ctx;
const char *msg;
enum { OP_NONE = 0, OP_NUM, OP_ADD, OP_SUB, OP_MUL, OP_DIV };
typedef struct expr_t *expr, expr_t;
struct expr_t {
int op, val, used;
expr left, right;
};
#define N_DIGITS 4
expr_t digits[N_DIGITS];
void gen_digits()
{
int i;
for (i = 0; i < N_DIGITS; i++)
digits[i].val = 1 + rand() % 9;
}
#define MAX_INPUT 64
char str[MAX_INPUT];
int pos;
#define POOL_SIZE 8
expr_t pool[POOL_SIZE];
int pool_ptr;
void reset()
{
int i;
msg = 0;
pool_ptr = pos = 0;
for (i = 0; i < POOL_SIZE; i++) {
pool[i].op = OP_NONE;
pool[i].left = pool[i].right = 0;
}
for (i = 0; i < N_DIGITS; i++)
digits[i].used = 0;
}
void bail(const char *s)
{
msg = s;
longjmp(ctx, 1);
}
expr new_expr()
{
if (pool_ptr < POOL_SIZE)
return pool + pool_ptr++;
return 0;
}
int next_tok()
{
while (isspace(str[pos])) pos++;
return str[pos];
}
int take()
{
if (str[pos] != '\0') return ++pos;
return 0;
}
expr get_fact();
expr get_term();
expr get_expr();
expr get_expr()
{
int c;
expr l, r, ret;
if (!(ret = get_term())) bail("Expected term");
while ((c = next_tok()) == '+' || c == '-') {
if (!take()) bail("Unexpected end of input");
if (!(r = get_term())) bail("Expected term");
l = ret;
ret = new_expr();
ret->op = (c == '+') ? OP_ADD : OP_SUB;
ret->left = l;
ret->right = r;
}
return ret;
}
expr get_term()
{
int c;
expr l, r, ret;
ret = get_fact();
while((c = next_tok()) == '*' || c == '/') {
if (!take()) bail("Unexpected end of input");
r = get_fact();
l = ret;
ret = new_expr();
ret->op = (c == '*') ? OP_MUL : OP_DIV;
ret->left = l;
ret->right = r;
}
return ret;
}
expr get_digit()
{
int i, c = next_tok();
expr ret;
if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') {
take();
ret = new_expr();
ret->op = OP_NUM;
ret->val = c - '0';
for (i = 0; i < N_DIGITS; i++)
if (digits[i].val == ret->val && !digits[i].used) {
digits[i].used = 1;
return ret;
}
bail("Invalid digit");
}
return 0;
}
expr get_fact()
{
int c;
expr l = get_digit();
if (l) return l;
if ((c = next_tok()) == '(') {
take();
l = get_expr();
if (next_tok() != ')') bail("Unbalanced parens");
take();
return l;
}
return 0;
}
expr parse()
{
int i;
expr ret = get_expr();
if (next_tok() != '\0')
bail("Trailing garbage");
for (i = 0; i < N_DIGITS; i++)
if (!digits[i].used)
bail("Not all digits are used");
return ret;
}
typedef struct frac_t frac_t, *frac;
struct frac_t { int denom, num; };
int gcd(int m, int n)
{
int t;
while (m) {
t = m; m = n % m; n = t;
}
return n;
}
void eval_tree(expr e, frac res)
{
frac_t l, r;
int t;
if (e->op == OP_NUM) {
res->num = e->val;
res->denom = 1;
return;
}
eval_tree(e->left, &l);
eval_tree(e->right, &r);
switch(e->op) {
case OP_ADD:
res->num = l.num * r.denom + l.denom * r.num;
res->denom = l.denom * r.denom;
break;
case OP_SUB:
res->num = l.num * r.denom - l.denom * r.num;
res->denom = l.denom * r.denom;
break;
case OP_MUL:
res->num = l.num * r.num;
res->denom = l.denom * r.denom;
break;
case OP_DIV:
res->num = l.num * r.denom;
res->denom = l.denom * r.num;
break;
}
if ((t = gcd(res->denom, res->num))) {
res->denom /= t;
res->num /= t;
}
}
void get_input()
{
int i;
reinput:
reset();
printf("\nAvailable digits are:");
for (i = 0; i < N_DIGITS; i++)
printf(" %d", digits[i].val);
printf(". Type an expression and I'll check it for you, or make new numbers.\n"
"Your choice? [Expr/n/q] ");
while (1) {
for (i = 0; i < MAX_INPUT; i++) str[i] = '\n';
fgets(str, MAX_INPUT, stdin);
if (*str == '\0') goto reinput;
if (str[MAX_INPUT - 1] != '\n')
bail("string too long");
for (i = 0; i < MAX_INPUT; i++)
if (str[i] == '\n') str[i] = '\0';
if (str[0] == 'q') {
printf("Bye\n");
exit(0);
}
if (str[0] == 'n') {
gen_digits();
goto reinput;
}
return;
}
}
int main()
{
frac_t f;
srand(time(0));
gen_digits();
while(1) {
get_input();
setjmp(ctx);
if (msg) {
printf("%s at '%.*s'\n", msg, pos, str);
continue;
}
eval_tree(parse(), &f);
if (f.denom == 0) bail("Divide by zero");
if (f.denom == 1 && f.num == 24)
printf("You got 24. Very good.\n");
else {
if (f.denom == 1)
printf("Eval to: %d, ", f.num);
else
printf("Eval to: %d/%d, ", f.num, f.denom);
printf("no good. Try again.\n");
}
}
return 0;
}
|
Port the provided C++ code into C while preserving the original functionality. | for(int i = 1;i <= 10; i++){
cout << i;
if(i % 5 == 0){
cout << endl;
continue;
}
cout << ", ";
}
| for(int i = 1;i <= 10; i++){
printf("%d", i);
if(i % 5 == 0){
printf("\n");
continue;
}
printf(", ");
}
|
Keep all operations the same but rewrite the snippet in C. | #ifndef MYWIDGET_H
#define MYWIDGET_H
#include <QWidget>
class QPaintEvent ;
class MyWidget : public QWidget {
public :
MyWidget( ) ;
protected :
void paintEvent( QPaintEvent * ) ;
private :
int width ;
int height ;
const int colornumber ;
} ;
#endif
| #include<conio.h>
#define COLOURS 8
int main()
{
int colour=0,i,j,MAXROW,MAXCOL;
struct text_info tInfo;
gettextinfo(&tInfo);
MAXROW = tInfo.screenheight;
MAXCOL = tInfo.screenwidth;
textbackground(BLACK);
clrscr();
for(colour=0;colour<COLOURS;colour++)
{
getch();
gotoxy(1+colour*MAXCOL/COLOURS,1);
textbackground(colour);
for(j=0;j<MAXROW;j++){
for(i=0;i<MAXCOL/COLOURS;i++){
cprintf(" ");
}
gotoxy(1+colour*MAXCOL/COLOURS,1+j);
}
}
getch();
textbackground(BLACK);
return 0;
}
|
Change the programming language of this snippet from C++ to C without modifying what it does. | #ifndef MYWIDGET_H
#define MYWIDGET_H
#include <QWidget>
class QPaintEvent ;
class MyWidget : public QWidget {
public :
MyWidget( ) ;
protected :
void paintEvent( QPaintEvent * ) ;
private :
int width ;
int height ;
const int colornumber ;
} ;
#endif
| #include<conio.h>
#define COLOURS 8
int main()
{
int colour=0,i,j,MAXROW,MAXCOL;
struct text_info tInfo;
gettextinfo(&tInfo);
MAXROW = tInfo.screenheight;
MAXCOL = tInfo.screenwidth;
textbackground(BLACK);
clrscr();
for(colour=0;colour<COLOURS;colour++)
{
getch();
gotoxy(1+colour*MAXCOL/COLOURS,1);
textbackground(colour);
for(j=0;j<MAXROW;j++){
for(i=0;i<MAXCOL/COLOURS;i++){
cprintf(" ");
}
gotoxy(1+colour*MAXCOL/COLOURS,1+j);
}
}
getch();
textbackground(BLACK);
return 0;
}
|
Transform the following C++ implementation into C, maintaining the same output and logic. | #include <cassert>
#include <cmath>
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
#include <limits>
#include <numeric>
#include <sstream>
#include <vector>
template <typename scalar_type> class matrix {
public:
matrix(size_t rows, size_t columns)
: rows_(rows), columns_(columns), elements_(rows * columns) {}
matrix(size_t rows, size_t columns, scalar_type value)
: rows_(rows), columns_(columns), elements_(rows * columns, value) {}
matrix(size_t rows, size_t columns,
const std::initializer_list<std::initializer_list<scalar_type>>& values)
: rows_(rows), columns_(columns), elements_(rows * columns) {
assert(values.size() <= rows_);
size_t i = 0;
for (const auto& row : values) {
assert(row.size() <= columns_);
std::copy(begin(row), end(row), &elements_[i]);
i += columns_;
}
}
size_t rows() const { return rows_; }
size_t columns() const { return columns_; }
const scalar_type& operator()(size_t row, size_t column) const {
assert(row < rows_);
assert(column < columns_);
return elements_[row * columns_ + column];
}
scalar_type& operator()(size_t row, size_t column) {
assert(row < rows_);
assert(column < columns_);
return elements_[row * columns_ + column];
}
private:
size_t rows_;
size_t columns_;
std::vector<scalar_type> elements_;
};
template <typename scalar_type>
void print(std::wostream& out, const matrix<scalar_type>& a) {
const wchar_t* box_top_left = L"\x23a1";
const wchar_t* box_top_right = L"\x23a4";
const wchar_t* box_left = L"\x23a2";
const wchar_t* box_right = L"\x23a5";
const wchar_t* box_bottom_left = L"\x23a3";
const wchar_t* box_bottom_right = L"\x23a6";
const int precision = 5;
size_t rows = a.rows(), columns = a.columns();
std::vector<size_t> width(columns);
for (size_t column = 0; column < columns; ++column) {
size_t max_width = 0;
for (size_t row = 0; row < rows; ++row) {
std::ostringstream str;
str << std::fixed << std::setprecision(precision) << a(row, column);
max_width = std::max(max_width, str.str().length());
}
width[column] = max_width;
}
out << std::fixed << std::setprecision(precision);
for (size_t row = 0; row < rows; ++row) {
const bool top(row == 0), bottom(row + 1 == rows);
out << (top ? box_top_left : (bottom ? box_bottom_left : box_left));
for (size_t column = 0; column < columns; ++column) {
if (column > 0)
out << L' ';
out << std::setw(width[column]) << a(row, column);
}
out << (top ? box_top_right : (bottom ? box_bottom_right : box_right));
out << L'\n';
}
}
template <typename scalar_type>
auto lu_decompose(const matrix<scalar_type>& input) {
assert(input.rows() == input.columns());
size_t n = input.rows();
std::vector<size_t> perm(n);
std::iota(perm.begin(), perm.end(), 0);
matrix<scalar_type> lower(n, n);
matrix<scalar_type> upper(n, n);
matrix<scalar_type> input1(input);
for (size_t j = 0; j < n; ++j) {
size_t max_index = j;
scalar_type max_value = 0;
for (size_t i = j; i < n; ++i) {
scalar_type value = std::abs(input1(perm[i], j));
if (value > max_value) {
max_index = i;
max_value = value;
}
}
if (max_value <= std::numeric_limits<scalar_type>::epsilon())
throw std::runtime_error("matrix is singular");
if (j != max_index)
std::swap(perm[j], perm[max_index]);
size_t jj = perm[j];
for (size_t i = j + 1; i < n; ++i) {
size_t ii = perm[i];
input1(ii, j) /= input1(jj, j);
for (size_t k = j + 1; k < n; ++k)
input1(ii, k) -= input1(ii, j) * input1(jj, k);
}
}
for (size_t j = 0; j < n; ++j) {
lower(j, j) = 1;
for (size_t i = j + 1; i < n; ++i)
lower(i, j) = input1(perm[i], j);
for (size_t i = 0; i <= j; ++i)
upper(i, j) = input1(perm[i], j);
}
matrix<scalar_type> pivot(n, n);
for (size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i)
pivot(i, perm[i]) = 1;
return std::make_tuple(lower, upper, pivot);
}
template <typename scalar_type>
void show_lu_decomposition(const matrix<scalar_type>& input) {
try {
std::wcout << L"A\n";
print(std::wcout, input);
auto result(lu_decompose(input));
std::wcout << L"\nL\n";
print(std::wcout, std::get<0>(result));
std::wcout << L"\nU\n";
print(std::wcout, std::get<1>(result));
std::wcout << L"\nP\n";
print(std::wcout, std::get<2>(result));
} catch (const std::exception& ex) {
std::cerr << ex.what() << '\n';
}
}
int main() {
std::wcout.imbue(std::locale(""));
std::wcout << L"Example 1:\n";
matrix<double> matrix1(3, 3,
{{1, 3, 5},
{2, 4, 7},
{1, 1, 0}});
show_lu_decomposition(matrix1);
std::wcout << '\n';
std::wcout << L"Example 2:\n";
matrix<double> matrix2(4, 4,
{{11, 9, 24, 2},
{1, 5, 2, 6},
{3, 17, 18, 1},
{2, 5, 7, 1}});
show_lu_decomposition(matrix2);
std::wcout << '\n';
std::wcout << L"Example 3:\n";
matrix<double> matrix3(3, 3,
{{-5, -6, -3},
{-1, 0, -2},
{-3, -4, -7}});
show_lu_decomposition(matrix3);
std::wcout << '\n';
std::wcout << L"Example 4:\n";
matrix<double> matrix4(3, 3,
{{1, 2, 3},
{4, 5, 6},
{7, 8, 9}});
show_lu_decomposition(matrix4);
return 0;
}
| #include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <math.h>
#define foreach(a, b, c) for (int a = b; a < c; a++)
#define for_i foreach(i, 0, n)
#define for_j foreach(j, 0, n)
#define for_k foreach(k, 0, n)
#define for_ij for_i for_j
#define for_ijk for_ij for_k
#define _dim int n
#define _swap(x, y) { typeof(x) tmp = x; x = y; y = tmp; }
#define _sum_k(a, b, c, s) { s = 0; foreach(k, a, b) s+= c; }
typedef double **mat;
#define _zero(a) mat_zero(a, n)
void mat_zero(mat x, int n) { for_ij x[i][j] = 0; }
#define _new(a) a = mat_new(n)
mat mat_new(_dim)
{
mat x = malloc(sizeof(double*) * n);
x[0] = malloc(sizeof(double) * n * n);
for_i x[i] = x[0] + n * i;
_zero(x);
return x;
}
#define _copy(a) mat_copy(a, n)
mat mat_copy(void *s, _dim)
{
mat x = mat_new(n);
for_ij x[i][j] = ((double (*)[n])s)[i][j];
return x;
}
#define _del(x) mat_del(x)
void mat_del(mat x) { free(x[0]); free(x); }
#define _QUOT(x) #x
#define QUOTE(x) _QUOT(x)
#define _show(a) printf(QUOTE(a)" =");mat_show(a, 0, n)
void mat_show(mat x, char *fmt, _dim)
{
if (!fmt) fmt = "%8.4g";
for_i {
printf(i ? " " : " [ ");
for_j {
printf(fmt, x[i][j]);
printf(j < n - 1 ? " " : i == n - 1 ? " ]\n" : "\n");
}
}
}
#define _mul(a, b) mat_mul(a, b, n)
mat mat_mul(mat a, mat b, _dim)
{
mat c = _new(c);
for_ijk c[i][j] += a[i][k] * b[k][j];
return c;
}
#define _pivot(a, b) mat_pivot(a, b, n)
void mat_pivot(mat a, mat p, _dim)
{
for_ij { p[i][j] = (i == j); }
for_i {
int max_j = i;
foreach(j, i, n)
if (fabs(a[j][i]) > fabs(a[max_j][i])) max_j = j;
if (max_j != i)
for_k { _swap(p[i][k], p[max_j][k]); }
}
}
#define _LU(a, l, u, p) mat_LU(a, l, u, p, n)
void mat_LU(mat A, mat L, mat U, mat P, _dim)
{
_zero(L); _zero(U);
_pivot(A, P);
mat Aprime = _mul(P, A);
for_i { L[i][i] = 1; }
for_ij {
double s;
if (j <= i) {
_sum_k(0, j, L[j][k] * U[k][i], s)
U[j][i] = Aprime[j][i] - s;
}
if (j >= i) {
_sum_k(0, i, L[j][k] * U[k][i], s);
L[j][i] = (Aprime[j][i] - s) / U[i][i];
}
}
_del(Aprime);
}
double A3[][3] = {{ 1, 3, 5 }, { 2, 4, 7 }, { 1, 1, 0 }};
double A4[][4] = {{11, 9, 24, 2}, {1, 5, 2, 6}, {3, 17, 18, 1}, {2, 5, 7, 1}};
int main()
{
int n = 3;
mat A, L, P, U;
_new(L); _new(P); _new(U);
A = _copy(A3);
_LU(A, L, U, P);
_show(A); _show(L); _show(U); _show(P);
_del(A); _del(L); _del(U); _del(P);
printf("\n");
n = 4;
_new(L); _new(P); _new(U);
A = _copy(A4);
_LU(A, L, U, P);
_show(A); _show(L); _show(U); _show(P);
_del(A); _del(L); _del(U); _del(P);
return 0;
}
|
Ensure the translated C code behaves exactly like the original C++ snippet. | #include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
class pair {
public:
pair( int s, std::string z ) { p = std::make_pair( s, z ); }
bool operator < ( const pair& o ) const { return i() < o.i(); }
int i() const { return p.first; }
std::string s() const { return p.second; }
private:
std::pair<int, std::string> p;
};
void gFizzBuzz( int c, std::vector<pair>& v ) {
bool output;
for( int x = 1; x <= c; x++ ) {
output = false;
for( std::vector<pair>::iterator i = v.begin(); i != v.end(); i++ ) {
if( !( x % ( *i ).i() ) ) {
std::cout << ( *i ).s();
output = true;
}
}
if( !output ) std::cout << x;
std::cout << "\n";
}
}
int main( int argc, char* argv[] ) {
std::vector<pair> v;
v.push_back( pair( 7, "Baxx" ) );
v.push_back( pair( 3, "Fizz" ) );
v.push_back( pair( 5, "Buzz" ) );
std::sort( v.begin(), v.end() );
gFizzBuzz( 20, v );
return 0;
}
| #include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
struct replace_info {
int n;
char *text;
};
int compare(const void *a, const void *b)
{
struct replace_info *x = (struct replace_info *) a;
struct replace_info *y = (struct replace_info *) b;
return x->n - y->n;
}
void generic_fizz_buzz(int max, struct replace_info *info, int info_length)
{
int i, it;
int found_word;
for (i = 1; i < max; ++i) {
found_word = 0;
for (it = 0; it < info_length; ++it) {
if (0 == i % info[it].n) {
printf("%s", info[it].text);
found_word = 1;
}
}
if (0 == found_word)
printf("%d", i);
printf("\n");
}
}
int main(void)
{
struct replace_info info[3] = {
{5, "Buzz"},
{7, "Baxx"},
{3, "Fizz"}
};
qsort(info, 3, sizeof(struct replace_info), compare);
generic_fizz_buzz(20, info, 3);
return 0;
}
|
Maintain the same structure and functionality when rewriting this code in C. | #include <string>
#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
int main( ) {
std::cout << "Which file do you want to look at ?\n" ;
std::string input ;
std::getline( std::cin , input ) ;
std::ifstream infile( input.c_str( ) , std::ios::in ) ;
std::string file( input ) ;
std::cout << "Which file line do you want to see ? ( Give a number > 0 ) ?\n" ;
std::getline( std::cin , input ) ;
int linenumber = std::stoi( input ) ;
int lines_read = 0 ;
std::string line ;
if ( infile.is_open( ) ) {
while ( infile ) {
getline( infile , line ) ;
lines_read++ ;
if ( lines_read == linenumber ) {
std::cout << line << std::endl ;
break ;
}
}
infile.close( ) ;
if ( lines_read < linenumber )
std::cout << "No " << linenumber << " lines in " << file << " !\n" ;
return 0 ;
}
else {
std::cerr << "Could not find file " << file << " !\n" ;
return 1 ;
}
}
| #include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <err.h>
int read_file_line(const char *path, int line_no)
{
struct stat s;
char *buf;
off_t start = -1, end = -1;
size_t i;
int ln, fd, ret = 1;
if (line_no == 1) start = 0;
else if (line_no < 1){
warn("line_no too small");
return 0;
}
line_no--;
fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
fstat(fd, &s);
buf = mmap(0, s.st_size, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0);
madvise(buf, s.st_size, MADV_SEQUENTIAL);
for (i = ln = 0; i < s.st_size && ln <= line_no; i++) {
if (buf[i] != '\n') continue;
if (++ln == line_no) start = i + 1;
else if (ln == line_no + 1) end = i + 1;
}
if (start >= s.st_size || start < 0) {
warn("file does not have line %d", line_no + 1);
ret = 0;
} else {
}
munmap(buf, s.st_size);
close(fd);
return ret;
}
|
Write the same code in C as shown below in C++. | #include <string>
#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
int main( ) {
std::cout << "Which file do you want to look at ?\n" ;
std::string input ;
std::getline( std::cin , input ) ;
std::ifstream infile( input.c_str( ) , std::ios::in ) ;
std::string file( input ) ;
std::cout << "Which file line do you want to see ? ( Give a number > 0 ) ?\n" ;
std::getline( std::cin , input ) ;
int linenumber = std::stoi( input ) ;
int lines_read = 0 ;
std::string line ;
if ( infile.is_open( ) ) {
while ( infile ) {
getline( infile , line ) ;
lines_read++ ;
if ( lines_read == linenumber ) {
std::cout << line << std::endl ;
break ;
}
}
infile.close( ) ;
if ( lines_read < linenumber )
std::cout << "No " << linenumber << " lines in " << file << " !\n" ;
return 0 ;
}
else {
std::cerr << "Could not find file " << file << " !\n" ;
return 1 ;
}
}
| #include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <err.h>
int read_file_line(const char *path, int line_no)
{
struct stat s;
char *buf;
off_t start = -1, end = -1;
size_t i;
int ln, fd, ret = 1;
if (line_no == 1) start = 0;
else if (line_no < 1){
warn("line_no too small");
return 0;
}
line_no--;
fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
fstat(fd, &s);
buf = mmap(0, s.st_size, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0);
madvise(buf, s.st_size, MADV_SEQUENTIAL);
for (i = ln = 0; i < s.st_size && ln <= line_no; i++) {
if (buf[i] != '\n') continue;
if (++ln == line_no) start = i + 1;
else if (ln == line_no + 1) end = i + 1;
}
if (start >= s.st_size || start < 0) {
warn("file does not have line %d", line_no + 1);
ret = 0;
} else {
}
munmap(buf, s.st_size);
close(fd);
return ret;
}
|
Transform the following C++ implementation into C, maintaining the same output and logic. | #include <algorithm>
#include <cctype>
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
bool endsWithIgnoreCase(const std::string& str, const std::string& suffix) {
const size_t n1 = str.length();
const size_t n2 = suffix.length();
if (n1 < n2)
return false;
return std::equal(str.begin() + (n1 - n2), str.end(), suffix.begin(),
[](char c1, char c2) {
return std::tolower(static_cast<unsigned char>(c1))
== std::tolower(static_cast<unsigned char>(c2));
});
}
bool filenameHasExtension(const std::string& filename,
const std::vector<std::string>& extensions) {
return std::any_of(extensions.begin(), extensions.end(),
[&filename](const std::string& extension) {
return endsWithIgnoreCase(filename, "." + extension);
});
}
void test(const std::string& filename,
const std::vector<std::string>& extensions) {
std::cout << std::setw(20) << std::left << filename
<< ": " << std::boolalpha
<< filenameHasExtension(filename, extensions) << '\n';
}
int main() {
const std::vector<std::string> extensions{"zip", "rar", "7z",
"gz", "archive", "A##", "tar.bz2"};
test("MyData.a##", extensions);
test("MyData.tar.Gz", extensions);
test("MyData.gzip", extensions);
test("MyData.7z.backup", extensions);
test("MyData...", extensions);
test("MyData", extensions);
test("MyData_v1.0.tar.bz2", extensions);
test("MyData_v1.0.bz2", extensions);
return 0;
}
|
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <locale.h>
#include <string.h>
#ifdef _Bool
#include <stdbool.h>
#else
#define bool int
#define true 1
#define false 0
#endif
int checkFileExtension(char* fileName, char* fileExtensions)
{
char* fileExtension = fileExtensions;
if ( *fileName )
{
while ( *fileExtension )
{
int fileNameLength = strlen(fileName);
int extensionLength = strlen(fileExtension);
if ( fileNameLength >= extensionLength )
{
char* a = fileName + fileNameLength - extensionLength;
char* b = fileExtension;
while ( *a && toupper(*a++) == toupper(*b++) )
;
if ( !*a )
return true;
}
fileExtension += extensionLength + 1;
}
}
return false;
}
void printExtensions(char* extensions)
{
while( *extensions )
{
printf("%s\n", extensions);
extensions += strlen(extensions) + 1;
}
}
bool test(char* fileName, char* extension, bool expectedResult)
{
bool result = checkFileExtension(fileName,extension);
bool returnValue = result == expectedResult;
printf("%20s result: %-5s expected: %-5s test %s\n",
fileName,
result ? "true" : "false",
expectedResult ? "true" : "false",
returnValue ? "passed" : "failed" );
return returnValue;
}
int main(void)
{
static char extensions[] = ".zip\0.rar\0.7z\0.gz\0.archive\0.A##\0.tar.bz2\0";
setlocale(LC_ALL,"");
printExtensions(extensions);
printf("\n");
if ( test("MyData.a##", extensions,true )
&& test("MyData.tar.Gz", extensions,true )
&& test("MyData.gzip", extensions,false)
&& test("MyData.7z.backup", extensions,false)
&& test("MyData...", extensions,false)
&& test("MyData", extensions,false)
&& test("MyData_v1.0.tar.bz2",extensions,true )
&& test("MyData_v1.0.bz2", extensions,false)
&& test("filename", extensions,false)
)
printf("\n%s\n", "All tests passed.");
else
printf("\n%s\n", "Last test failed.");
printf("\n%s\n", "press enter");
getchar();
return 0;
}
|
Maintain the same structure and functionality when rewriting this code in C. | #include <algorithm>
#include <cctype>
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
bool endsWithIgnoreCase(const std::string& str, const std::string& suffix) {
const size_t n1 = str.length();
const size_t n2 = suffix.length();
if (n1 < n2)
return false;
return std::equal(str.begin() + (n1 - n2), str.end(), suffix.begin(),
[](char c1, char c2) {
return std::tolower(static_cast<unsigned char>(c1))
== std::tolower(static_cast<unsigned char>(c2));
});
}
bool filenameHasExtension(const std::string& filename,
const std::vector<std::string>& extensions) {
return std::any_of(extensions.begin(), extensions.end(),
[&filename](const std::string& extension) {
return endsWithIgnoreCase(filename, "." + extension);
});
}
void test(const std::string& filename,
const std::vector<std::string>& extensions) {
std::cout << std::setw(20) << std::left << filename
<< ": " << std::boolalpha
<< filenameHasExtension(filename, extensions) << '\n';
}
int main() {
const std::vector<std::string> extensions{"zip", "rar", "7z",
"gz", "archive", "A##", "tar.bz2"};
test("MyData.a##", extensions);
test("MyData.tar.Gz", extensions);
test("MyData.gzip", extensions);
test("MyData.7z.backup", extensions);
test("MyData...", extensions);
test("MyData", extensions);
test("MyData_v1.0.tar.bz2", extensions);
test("MyData_v1.0.bz2", extensions);
return 0;
}
|
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <locale.h>
#include <string.h>
#ifdef _Bool
#include <stdbool.h>
#else
#define bool int
#define true 1
#define false 0
#endif
int checkFileExtension(char* fileName, char* fileExtensions)
{
char* fileExtension = fileExtensions;
if ( *fileName )
{
while ( *fileExtension )
{
int fileNameLength = strlen(fileName);
int extensionLength = strlen(fileExtension);
if ( fileNameLength >= extensionLength )
{
char* a = fileName + fileNameLength - extensionLength;
char* b = fileExtension;
while ( *a && toupper(*a++) == toupper(*b++) )
;
if ( !*a )
return true;
}
fileExtension += extensionLength + 1;
}
}
return false;
}
void printExtensions(char* extensions)
{
while( *extensions )
{
printf("%s\n", extensions);
extensions += strlen(extensions) + 1;
}
}
bool test(char* fileName, char* extension, bool expectedResult)
{
bool result = checkFileExtension(fileName,extension);
bool returnValue = result == expectedResult;
printf("%20s result: %-5s expected: %-5s test %s\n",
fileName,
result ? "true" : "false",
expectedResult ? "true" : "false",
returnValue ? "passed" : "failed" );
return returnValue;
}
int main(void)
{
static char extensions[] = ".zip\0.rar\0.7z\0.gz\0.archive\0.A##\0.tar.bz2\0";
setlocale(LC_ALL,"");
printExtensions(extensions);
printf("\n");
if ( test("MyData.a##", extensions,true )
&& test("MyData.tar.Gz", extensions,true )
&& test("MyData.gzip", extensions,false)
&& test("MyData.7z.backup", extensions,false)
&& test("MyData...", extensions,false)
&& test("MyData", extensions,false)
&& test("MyData_v1.0.tar.bz2",extensions,true )
&& test("MyData_v1.0.bz2", extensions,false)
&& test("filename", extensions,false)
)
printf("\n%s\n", "All tests passed.");
else
printf("\n%s\n", "Last test failed.");
printf("\n%s\n", "press enter");
getchar();
return 0;
}
|
Can you help me rewrite this code in C instead of C++, keeping it the same logically? | #include <iostream>
#include <ratio>
#include <array>
#include <algorithm>
#include <random>
typedef short int Digit;
constexpr Digit nDigits{4};
constexpr Digit maximumDigit{9};
constexpr short int gameGoal{24};
typedef std::array<Digit, nDigits> digitSet;
digitSet d;
void printTrivialOperation(std::string operation) {
bool printOperation(false);
for(const Digit& number : d) {
if(printOperation)
std::cout << operation;
else
printOperation = true;
std::cout << number;
}
std::cout << std::endl;
}
void printOperation(std::string prefix, std::string operation1, std::string operation2, std::string operation3, std::string suffix = "") {
std::cout << prefix << d[0] << operation1 << d[1] << operation2 << d[2] << operation3 << d[3] << suffix << std::endl;
}
int main() {
std::mt19937_64 randomGenerator;
std::uniform_int_distribution<Digit> digitDistro{1, maximumDigit};
for(int trial{10}; trial; --trial) {
for(Digit& digit : d) {
digit = digitDistro(randomGenerator);
std::cout << digit << " ";
}
std::cout << std::endl;
std::sort(d.begin(), d.end());
if(std::accumulate(d.cbegin(), d.cend(), 0) == gameGoal)
printTrivialOperation(" + ");
if(std::accumulate(d.cbegin(), d.cend(), 1, std::multiplies<Digit>{}) == gameGoal)
printTrivialOperation(" * ");
do {
if(d[0] + d[1] + d[2] - d[3] == gameGoal) printOperation("", " + ", " + ", " - ");
if(d[0] * d[1] + d[2] + d[3] == gameGoal) printOperation("", " * ", " + ", " + ");
if(d[0] * (d[1] + d[2]) + d[3] == gameGoal) printOperation("", " * ( ", " + ", " ) + ");
if(d[0] * (d[1] + d[2] + d[3]) == gameGoal) printOperation("", " * ( ", " + ", " + ", " )");
if((d[0] * d[1] * d[2]) + d[3] == gameGoal) printOperation("( ", " * ", " * ", " ) + ");
if(d[0] * d[1] * (d[2] + d[3]) == gameGoal) printOperation("( ", " * ", " * ( ", " + ", " )");
if((d[0] * d[1]) + (d[2] * d[3]) == gameGoal) printOperation("( ", " * ", " ) + ( ", " * ", " )");
if((d[0] * d[1] * d[2]) - d[3] == gameGoal) printOperation("( ", " * ", " * ", " ) - ");
if(d[0] * d[1] * (d[2] - d[3]) == gameGoal) printOperation("( ", " * ", " * ( ", " - ", " )");
if((d[0] * d[1]) - (d[2] * d[3]) == gameGoal) printOperation("( ", " * ", " ) - ( ", " * ", " )");
if(d[0] * d[1] + d[2] - d[3] == gameGoal) printOperation("", " * ", " + ", " - ");
if(d[0] * (d[1] + d[2]) - d[3] == gameGoal) printOperation("", " * ( ", " + ", " ) - ");
if(d[0] * (d[1] - d[2]) + d[3] == gameGoal) printOperation("", " * ( ", " - ", " ) + ");
if(d[0] * (d[1] + d[2] - d[3]) == gameGoal) printOperation("", " * ( ", " + ", " - ", " )");
if(d[0] * d[1] - (d[2] + d[3]) == gameGoal) printOperation("", " * ", " - ( ", " + ", " )");
if(d[0] * d[1] == (gameGoal - d[3]) * d[2]) printOperation("( ", " * ", " / ", " ) + ");
if(((d[0] * d[1]) + d[2]) == gameGoal * d[3]) printOperation("(( ", " * ", " ) + ", " ) / ");
if((d[0] + d[1]) * d[2] == gameGoal * d[3]) printOperation("(( ", " + ", " ) * ", " ) / ");
if(d[0] * d[1] == gameGoal * (d[2] + d[3])) printOperation("( ", " * ", " ) / ( ", " + ", " )");
if(d[0] * d[1] == (gameGoal + d[3]) * d[2]) printOperation("( ", " * ", " / ", " ) - ");
if(((d[0] * d[1]) - d[2]) == gameGoal * d[3]) printOperation("(( ", " * ", " ) - ", " ) / ");
if((d[0] - d[1]) * d[2] == gameGoal * d[3]) printOperation("(( ", " - ", " ) * ", " ) / ");
if(d[0] * d[1] == gameGoal * (d[2] - d[3])) printOperation("( ", " * ", " ) / ( ", " - ", " )");
if(d[0] * d[1] * d[2] == gameGoal * d[3]) printOperation("", " * ", " * ", " / ");
if(d[0] * d[1] == gameGoal * d[2] * d[3]) printOperation("", " * ", " / ( ", " * ", " )");
if(d[0] * d[3] == gameGoal * (d[1] * d[3] - d[2])) printOperation("", " / ( ", " - ", " / ", " )");
if(d[0] * d[1] == gameGoal * d[2] * d[3]) printOperation("( ", " * ", " / ", " ) / ", "");
} while(std::next_permutation(d.begin(), d.end()));
}
return 0;
}
| #include <stdio.h>
typedef struct {int val, op, left, right;} Node;
Node nodes[10000];
int iNodes;
int b;
float eval(Node x){
if (x.op != -1){
float l = eval(nodes[x.left]), r = eval(nodes[x.right]);
switch(x.op){
case 0: return l+r;
case 1: return l-r;
case 2: return r-l;
case 3: return l*r;
case 4: return r?l/r:(b=1,0);
case 5: return l?r/l:(b=1,0);
}
}
else return x.val*1.;
}
void show(Node x){
if (x.op != -1){
printf("(");
switch(x.op){
case 0: show(nodes[x.left]); printf(" + "); show(nodes[x.right]); break;
case 1: show(nodes[x.left]); printf(" - "); show(nodes[x.right]); break;
case 2: show(nodes[x.right]); printf(" - "); show(nodes[x.left]); break;
case 3: show(nodes[x.left]); printf(" * "); show(nodes[x.right]); break;
case 4: show(nodes[x.left]); printf(" / "); show(nodes[x.right]); break;
case 5: show(nodes[x.right]); printf(" / "); show(nodes[x.left]); break;
}
printf(")");
}
else printf("%d", x.val);
}
int float_fix(float x){ return x < 0.00001 && x > -0.00001; }
void solutions(int a[], int n, float t, int s){
if (s == n){
b = 0;
float e = eval(nodes[0]);
if (!b && float_fix(e-t)){
show(nodes[0]);
printf("\n");
}
}
else{
nodes[iNodes++] = (typeof(Node)){a[s],-1,-1,-1};
for (int op = 0; op < 6; op++){
int k = iNodes-1;
for (int i = 0; i < k; i++){
nodes[iNodes++] = nodes[i];
nodes[i] = (typeof(Node)){-1,op,iNodes-1,iNodes-2};
solutions(a, n, t, s+1);
nodes[i] = nodes[--iNodes];
}
}
iNodes--;
}
};
int main(){
int a[4] = {8, 3, 8, 3};
float t = 24;
nodes[0] = (typeof(Node)){a[0],-1,-1,-1};
iNodes = 1;
solutions(a, sizeof(a)/sizeof(int), t, 1);
return 0;
}
|
Port the following code from C++ to C with equivalent syntax and logic. | #include <iostream>
#include <ratio>
#include <array>
#include <algorithm>
#include <random>
typedef short int Digit;
constexpr Digit nDigits{4};
constexpr Digit maximumDigit{9};
constexpr short int gameGoal{24};
typedef std::array<Digit, nDigits> digitSet;
digitSet d;
void printTrivialOperation(std::string operation) {
bool printOperation(false);
for(const Digit& number : d) {
if(printOperation)
std::cout << operation;
else
printOperation = true;
std::cout << number;
}
std::cout << std::endl;
}
void printOperation(std::string prefix, std::string operation1, std::string operation2, std::string operation3, std::string suffix = "") {
std::cout << prefix << d[0] << operation1 << d[1] << operation2 << d[2] << operation3 << d[3] << suffix << std::endl;
}
int main() {
std::mt19937_64 randomGenerator;
std::uniform_int_distribution<Digit> digitDistro{1, maximumDigit};
for(int trial{10}; trial; --trial) {
for(Digit& digit : d) {
digit = digitDistro(randomGenerator);
std::cout << digit << " ";
}
std::cout << std::endl;
std::sort(d.begin(), d.end());
if(std::accumulate(d.cbegin(), d.cend(), 0) == gameGoal)
printTrivialOperation(" + ");
if(std::accumulate(d.cbegin(), d.cend(), 1, std::multiplies<Digit>{}) == gameGoal)
printTrivialOperation(" * ");
do {
if(d[0] + d[1] + d[2] - d[3] == gameGoal) printOperation("", " + ", " + ", " - ");
if(d[0] * d[1] + d[2] + d[3] == gameGoal) printOperation("", " * ", " + ", " + ");
if(d[0] * (d[1] + d[2]) + d[3] == gameGoal) printOperation("", " * ( ", " + ", " ) + ");
if(d[0] * (d[1] + d[2] + d[3]) == gameGoal) printOperation("", " * ( ", " + ", " + ", " )");
if((d[0] * d[1] * d[2]) + d[3] == gameGoal) printOperation("( ", " * ", " * ", " ) + ");
if(d[0] * d[1] * (d[2] + d[3]) == gameGoal) printOperation("( ", " * ", " * ( ", " + ", " )");
if((d[0] * d[1]) + (d[2] * d[3]) == gameGoal) printOperation("( ", " * ", " ) + ( ", " * ", " )");
if((d[0] * d[1] * d[2]) - d[3] == gameGoal) printOperation("( ", " * ", " * ", " ) - ");
if(d[0] * d[1] * (d[2] - d[3]) == gameGoal) printOperation("( ", " * ", " * ( ", " - ", " )");
if((d[0] * d[1]) - (d[2] * d[3]) == gameGoal) printOperation("( ", " * ", " ) - ( ", " * ", " )");
if(d[0] * d[1] + d[2] - d[3] == gameGoal) printOperation("", " * ", " + ", " - ");
if(d[0] * (d[1] + d[2]) - d[3] == gameGoal) printOperation("", " * ( ", " + ", " ) - ");
if(d[0] * (d[1] - d[2]) + d[3] == gameGoal) printOperation("", " * ( ", " - ", " ) + ");
if(d[0] * (d[1] + d[2] - d[3]) == gameGoal) printOperation("", " * ( ", " + ", " - ", " )");
if(d[0] * d[1] - (d[2] + d[3]) == gameGoal) printOperation("", " * ", " - ( ", " + ", " )");
if(d[0] * d[1] == (gameGoal - d[3]) * d[2]) printOperation("( ", " * ", " / ", " ) + ");
if(((d[0] * d[1]) + d[2]) == gameGoal * d[3]) printOperation("(( ", " * ", " ) + ", " ) / ");
if((d[0] + d[1]) * d[2] == gameGoal * d[3]) printOperation("(( ", " + ", " ) * ", " ) / ");
if(d[0] * d[1] == gameGoal * (d[2] + d[3])) printOperation("( ", " * ", " ) / ( ", " + ", " )");
if(d[0] * d[1] == (gameGoal + d[3]) * d[2]) printOperation("( ", " * ", " / ", " ) - ");
if(((d[0] * d[1]) - d[2]) == gameGoal * d[3]) printOperation("(( ", " * ", " ) - ", " ) / ");
if((d[0] - d[1]) * d[2] == gameGoal * d[3]) printOperation("(( ", " - ", " ) * ", " ) / ");
if(d[0] * d[1] == gameGoal * (d[2] - d[3])) printOperation("( ", " * ", " ) / ( ", " - ", " )");
if(d[0] * d[1] * d[2] == gameGoal * d[3]) printOperation("", " * ", " * ", " / ");
if(d[0] * d[1] == gameGoal * d[2] * d[3]) printOperation("", " * ", " / ( ", " * ", " )");
if(d[0] * d[3] == gameGoal * (d[1] * d[3] - d[2])) printOperation("", " / ( ", " - ", " / ", " )");
if(d[0] * d[1] == gameGoal * d[2] * d[3]) printOperation("( ", " * ", " / ", " ) / ", "");
} while(std::next_permutation(d.begin(), d.end()));
}
return 0;
}
| #include <stdio.h>
typedef struct {int val, op, left, right;} Node;
Node nodes[10000];
int iNodes;
int b;
float eval(Node x){
if (x.op != -1){
float l = eval(nodes[x.left]), r = eval(nodes[x.right]);
switch(x.op){
case 0: return l+r;
case 1: return l-r;
case 2: return r-l;
case 3: return l*r;
case 4: return r?l/r:(b=1,0);
case 5: return l?r/l:(b=1,0);
}
}
else return x.val*1.;
}
void show(Node x){
if (x.op != -1){
printf("(");
switch(x.op){
case 0: show(nodes[x.left]); printf(" + "); show(nodes[x.right]); break;
case 1: show(nodes[x.left]); printf(" - "); show(nodes[x.right]); break;
case 2: show(nodes[x.right]); printf(" - "); show(nodes[x.left]); break;
case 3: show(nodes[x.left]); printf(" * "); show(nodes[x.right]); break;
case 4: show(nodes[x.left]); printf(" / "); show(nodes[x.right]); break;
case 5: show(nodes[x.right]); printf(" / "); show(nodes[x.left]); break;
}
printf(")");
}
else printf("%d", x.val);
}
int float_fix(float x){ return x < 0.00001 && x > -0.00001; }
void solutions(int a[], int n, float t, int s){
if (s == n){
b = 0;
float e = eval(nodes[0]);
if (!b && float_fix(e-t)){
show(nodes[0]);
printf("\n");
}
}
else{
nodes[iNodes++] = (typeof(Node)){a[s],-1,-1,-1};
for (int op = 0; op < 6; op++){
int k = iNodes-1;
for (int i = 0; i < k; i++){
nodes[iNodes++] = nodes[i];
nodes[i] = (typeof(Node)){-1,op,iNodes-1,iNodes-2};
solutions(a, n, t, s+1);
nodes[i] = nodes[--iNodes];
}
}
iNodes--;
}
};
int main(){
int a[4] = {8, 3, 8, 3};
float t = 24;
nodes[0] = (typeof(Node)){a[0],-1,-1,-1};
iNodes = 1;
solutions(a, sizeof(a)/sizeof(int), t, 1);
return 0;
}
|
Convert this C++ snippet to C and keep its semantics consistent. | #include <iostream>
#include <chrono>
#include <atomic>
#include <mutex>
#include <random>
#include <thread>
std::mutex cout_lock;
class Latch
{
std::atomic<int> semafor;
public:
Latch(int limit) : semafor(limit) {}
void wait()
{
semafor.fetch_sub(1);
while(semafor.load() > 0)
std::this_thread::yield();
}
};
struct Worker
{
static void do_work(int how_long, Latch& barrier, std::string name)
{
std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(how_long));
{ std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(cout_lock);
std::cout << "Worker " << name << " finished work\n"; }
barrier.wait();
{ std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(cout_lock);
std::cout << "Worker " << name << " finished assembly\n"; }
}
};
int main()
{
Latch latch(5);
std::mt19937 rng(std::random_device{}());
std::uniform_int_distribution<> dist(300, 3000);
std::thread threads[] {
std::thread(&Worker::do_work, dist(rng), std::ref(latch), "John"),
std::thread{&Worker::do_work, dist(rng), std::ref(latch), "Henry"},
std::thread{&Worker::do_work, dist(rng), std::ref(latch), "Smith"},
std::thread{&Worker::do_work, dist(rng), std::ref(latch), "Jane"},
std::thread{&Worker::do_work, dist(rng), std::ref(latch), "Mary"},
};
for(auto& t: threads) t.join();
std::cout << "Assembly is finished";
}
| #include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <omp.h>
int main()
{
int jobs = 41, tid;
omp_set_num_threads(5);
#pragma omp parallel shared(jobs) private(tid)
{
tid = omp_get_thread_num();
while (jobs > 0) {
#pragma omp barrier
if (!jobs) break;
printf("%d: taking job %d\n", tid, jobs--);
usleep(100000 + rand() / (double) RAND_MAX * 3000000);
printf("%d: done job\n", tid);
}
printf("[%d] leaving\n", tid);
#pragma omp barrier
}
return 0;
}
|
Transform the following C++ implementation into C, maintaining the same output and logic. | #include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const std::vector<uint8_t> &v) {
auto it = v.cbegin();
auto end = v.cend();
os << "[ ";
if (it != end) {
os << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2) << (uint32_t)*it;
it = std::next(it);
}
while (it != end) {
os << ' ' << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2) << (uint32_t)*it;
it = std::next(it);
}
return os << " ]";
}
std::vector<uint8_t> to_seq(uint64_t x) {
int i;
for (i = 9; i > 0; i--) {
if (x & 127ULL << i * 7) {
break;
}
}
std::vector<uint8_t> out;
for (int j = 0; j <= i; j++) {
out.push_back(((x >> ((i - j) * 7)) & 127) | 128);
}
out[i] ^= 128;
return out;
}
uint64_t from_seq(const std::vector<uint8_t> &seq) {
uint64_t r = 0;
for (auto b : seq) {
r = (r << 7) | (b & 127);
}
return r;
}
int main() {
std::vector<uint64_t> src{ 0x7f, 0x4000, 0, 0x3ffffe, 0x1fffff, 0x200000, 0x3311a1234df31413ULL };
for (auto x : src) {
auto s = to_seq(x);
std::cout << std::hex;
std::cout << "seq from " << x << ' ' << s << " back: " << from_seq(s) << '\n';
std::cout << std::dec;
}
return 0;
}
| #include <stdio.h>
#include <stdint.h>
void to_seq(uint64_t x, uint8_t *out)
{
int i, j;
for (i = 9; i > 0; i--) {
if (x & 127ULL << i * 7) break;
}
for (j = 0; j <= i; j++)
out[j] = ((x >> ((i - j) * 7)) & 127) | 128;
out[i] ^= 128;
}
uint64_t from_seq(uint8_t *in)
{
uint64_t r = 0;
do {
r = (r << 7) | (uint64_t)(*in & 127);
} while (*in++ & 128);
return r;
}
int main()
{
uint8_t s[10];
uint64_t x[] = { 0x7f, 0x4000, 0, 0x3ffffe, 0x1fffff, 0x200000, 0x3311a1234df31413ULL};
int i, j;
for (j = 0; j < sizeof(x)/8; j++) {
to_seq(x[j], s);
printf("seq from %llx: [ ", x[j]);
i = 0;
do { printf("%02x ", s[i]); } while ((s[i++] & 128));
printf("] back: %llx\n", from_seq(s));
}
return 0;
}
|
Port the provided C++ code into C while preserving the original functionality. | #include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <windows.h>
#include <mmsystem.h>
#pragma comment ( lib, "winmm.lib" )
using namespace std;
class recorder
{
public:
void start()
{
paused = rec = false; action = "IDLE";
while( true )
{
cout << endl << "==" << action << "==" << endl << endl;
cout << "1) Record" << endl << "2) Play" << endl << "3) Pause" << endl << "4) Stop" << endl << "5) Quit" << endl;
char c; cin >> c;
if( c > '0' && c < '6' )
{
switch( c )
{
case '1': record(); break;
case '2': play(); break;
case '3': pause(); break;
case '4': stop(); break;
case '5': stop(); return;
}
}
}
}
private:
void record()
{
if( mciExecute( "open new type waveaudio alias my_sound") )
{
mciExecute( "record my_sound" );
action = "RECORDING"; rec = true;
}
}
void play()
{
if( paused )
mciExecute( "play my_sound" );
else
if( mciExecute( "open tmp.wav alias my_sound" ) )
mciExecute( "play my_sound" );
action = "PLAYING";
paused = false;
}
void pause()
{
if( rec ) return;
mciExecute( "pause my_sound" );
paused = true; action = "PAUSED";
}
void stop()
{
if( rec )
{
mciExecute( "stop my_sound" );
mciExecute( "save my_sound tmp.wav" );
mciExecute( "close my_sound" );
action = "IDLE"; rec = false;
}
else
{
mciExecute( "stop my_sound" );
mciExecute( "close my_sound" );
action = "IDLE";
}
}
bool mciExecute( string cmd )
{
if( mciSendString( cmd.c_str(), NULL, 0, NULL ) )
{
cout << "Can't do this: " << cmd << endl;
return false;
}
return true;
}
bool paused, rec;
string action;
};
int main( int argc, char* argv[] )
{
recorder r; r.start();
return 0;
}
| #include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
void * record(size_t bytes)
{
int fd;
if (-1 == (fd = open("/dev/dsp", O_RDONLY))) return 0;
void *a = malloc(bytes);
read(fd, a, bytes);
close(fd);
return a;
}
int play(void *buf, size_t len)
{
int fd;
if (-1 == (fd = open("/dev/dsp", O_WRONLY))) return 0;
write(fd, buf, len);
close(fd);
return 1;
}
int main()
{
void *p = record(65536);
play(p, 65536);
return 0;
}
|
Can you help me rewrite this code in C instead of C++, keeping it the same logically? | #include <cstdlib>
#include <fstream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <vector>
#include <openssl/sha.h>
class sha256_exception : public std::exception {
public:
const char* what() const noexcept override {
return "SHA-256 error";
}
};
class sha256 {
public:
sha256() { reset(); }
sha256(const sha256&) = delete;
sha256& operator=(const sha256&) = delete;
void reset() {
if (SHA256_Init(&context_) == 0)
throw sha256_exception();
}
void update(const void* data, size_t length) {
if (SHA256_Update(&context_, data, length) == 0)
throw sha256_exception();
}
std::vector<unsigned char> digest() {
std::vector<unsigned char> digest(SHA256_DIGEST_LENGTH);
if (SHA256_Final(digest.data(), &context_) == 0)
throw sha256_exception();
return digest;
}
private:
SHA256_CTX context_;
};
std::string digest_to_string(const std::vector<unsigned char>& digest) {
std::ostringstream out;
out << std::hex << std::setfill('0');
for (size_t i = 0; i < digest.size(); ++i)
out << std::setw(2) << static_cast<int>(digest[i]);
return out.str();
}
std::vector<unsigned char> sha256_merkle_tree(std::istream& in, size_t block_size) {
std::vector<std::vector<unsigned char>> hashes;
std::vector<char> buffer(block_size);
sha256 md;
while (in) {
in.read(buffer.data(), block_size);
size_t bytes = in.gcount();
if (bytes == 0)
break;
md.reset();
md.update(buffer.data(), bytes);
hashes.push_back(md.digest());
}
if (hashes.empty())
return {};
size_t length = hashes.size();
while (length > 1) {
size_t j = 0;
for (size_t i = 0; i < length; i += 2, ++j) {
auto& digest1 = hashes[i];
auto& digest_out = hashes[j];
if (i + 1 < length) {
auto& digest2 = hashes[i + 1];
md.reset();
md.update(digest1.data(), digest1.size());
md.update(digest2.data(), digest2.size());
digest_out = md.digest();
} else {
digest_out = digest1;
}
}
length = j;
}
return hashes[0];
}
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
if (argc != 2) {
std::cerr << "usage: " << argv[0] << " filename\n";
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
std::ifstream in(argv[1], std::ios::binary);
if (!in) {
std::cerr << "Cannot open file " << argv[1] << ".\n";
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
try {
std::cout << digest_to_string(sha256_merkle_tree(in, 1024)) << '\n';
} catch (const std::exception& ex) {
std::cerr << ex.what() << "\n";
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
| #include <glib.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
guchar* sha256_merkle_tree(FILE* in, size_t block_size) {
gchar* buffer = g_malloc(block_size);
GPtrArray* hashes = g_ptr_array_new_with_free_func(g_free);
gssize digest_length = g_checksum_type_get_length(G_CHECKSUM_SHA256);
GChecksum* checksum = g_checksum_new(G_CHECKSUM_SHA256);
size_t bytes;
while ((bytes = fread(buffer, 1, block_size, in)) > 0) {
g_checksum_reset(checksum);
g_checksum_update(checksum, (guchar*)buffer, bytes);
gsize len = digest_length;
guchar* digest = g_malloc(len);
g_checksum_get_digest(checksum, digest, &len);
g_ptr_array_add(hashes, digest);
}
g_free(buffer);
guint hashes_length = hashes->len;
if (hashes_length == 0) {
g_ptr_array_free(hashes, TRUE);
g_checksum_free(checksum);
return NULL;
}
while (hashes_length > 1) {
guint j = 0;
for (guint i = 0; i < hashes_length; i += 2, ++j) {
guchar* digest1 = g_ptr_array_index(hashes, i);
guchar* digest_out = g_ptr_array_index(hashes, j);
if (i + 1 < hashes_length) {
guchar* digest2 = g_ptr_array_index(hashes, i + 1);
g_checksum_reset(checksum);
g_checksum_update(checksum, digest1, digest_length);
g_checksum_update(checksum, digest2, digest_length);
gsize len = digest_length;
g_checksum_get_digest(checksum, digest_out, &len);
} else {
memcpy(digest_out, digest1, digest_length);
}
}
hashes_length = j;
}
guchar* result = g_ptr_array_steal_index(hashes, 0);
g_ptr_array_free(hashes, TRUE);
g_checksum_free(checksum);
return result;
}
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
if (argc != 2) {
fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s filename\n", argv[0]);
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
FILE* in = fopen(argv[1], "rb");
if (in) {
guchar* digest = sha256_merkle_tree(in, 1024);
fclose(in);
if (digest) {
gssize length = g_checksum_type_get_length(G_CHECKSUM_SHA256);
for (gssize i = 0; i < length; ++i)
printf("%02x", digest[i]);
printf("\n");
g_free(digest);
}
} else {
perror(argv[1]);
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
|
Please provide an equivalent version of this C++ code in C. | #include <algorithm>
#include <string>
#include <cctype>
void str_toupper(std::string &str) {
std::transform(str.begin(),
str.end(),
str.begin(),
(int(*)(int)) std::toupper);
}
void str_tolower(std::string &str) {
std::transform(str.begin(),
str.end(),
str.begin(),
(int(*)(int)) std::tolower);
}
|
#include <ctype.h>
#include <stdio.h>
void str_toupper(char *s)
{
while(*s)
{
*s=toupper(*s);
s++;
}
}
void str_tolower(char *s)
{
while(*s)
{
*s=tolower(*s);
s++;
}
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
char t[255]="alphaBETA";
str_toupper(t);
printf("uppercase: %s\n", t);
str_tolower(t);
printf("lowercase: %s\n", t);
return 0;
}
|
Generate a C translation of this C++ snippet without changing its computational steps. | #ifndef TASK_H
#define TASK_H
#include <QWidget>
class QLabel ;
class QLineEdit ;
class QVBoxLayout ;
class QHBoxLayout ;
class EntryWidget : public QWidget {
Q_OBJECT
public :
EntryWidget( QWidget *parent = 0 ) ;
private :
QHBoxLayout *upperpart , *lowerpart ;
QVBoxLayout *entryLayout ;
QLineEdit *stringinput ;
QLineEdit *numberinput ;
QLabel *stringlabel ;
QLabel *numberlabel ;
} ;
#endif
| #include <gtk/gtk.h>
void ok_hit(GtkButton *o, GtkWidget **w)
{
GtkMessageDialog *msg;
gdouble v = gtk_spin_button_get_value((GtkSpinButton *)w[1]);
const gchar *c = gtk_entry_get_text((GtkEntry *)w[0]);
msg = (GtkMessageDialog *)
gtk_message_dialog_new(NULL,
GTK_DIALOG_MODAL,
(v==75000) ? GTK_MESSAGE_INFO : GTK_MESSAGE_ERROR,
GTK_BUTTONS_OK,
"You wrote '%s' and selected the number %d%s",
c, (gint)v,
(v==75000) ? "" : " which is wrong (75000 expected)!");
gtk_widget_show_all(GTK_WIDGET(msg));
(void)gtk_dialog_run(GTK_DIALOG(msg));
gtk_widget_destroy(GTK_WIDGET(msg));
if ( v==75000 ) gtk_main_quit();
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
GtkWindow *win;
GtkEntry *entry;
GtkSpinButton *spin;
GtkButton *okbutton;
GtkLabel *entry_l, *spin_l;
GtkHBox *hbox[2];
GtkVBox *vbox;
GtkWidget *widgs[2];
gtk_init(&argc, &argv);
win = (GtkWindow *)gtk_window_new(GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL);
gtk_window_set_title(win, "Insert values");
entry_l = (GtkLabel *)gtk_label_new("Insert a string");
spin_l = (GtkLabel *)gtk_label_new("Insert 75000");
entry = (GtkEntry *)gtk_entry_new();
spin = (GtkSpinButton *)gtk_spin_button_new_with_range(0, 80000, 1);
widgs[0] = GTK_WIDGET(entry);
widgs[1] = GTK_WIDGET(spin);
okbutton = (GtkButton *)gtk_button_new_with_label("Ok");
hbox[0] = (GtkHBox *)gtk_hbox_new(FALSE, 1);
hbox[1] = (GtkHBox *)gtk_hbox_new(FALSE, 1);
vbox = (GtkVBox *)gtk_vbox_new(TRUE, 1);
gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(hbox[0]), GTK_WIDGET(entry_l));
gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(hbox[0]), GTK_WIDGET(entry));
gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(hbox[1]), GTK_WIDGET(spin_l));
gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(hbox[1]), GTK_WIDGET(spin));
gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(vbox), GTK_WIDGET(hbox[0]));
gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(vbox), GTK_WIDGET(hbox[1]));
gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(vbox), GTK_WIDGET(okbutton));
gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(win), GTK_WIDGET(vbox));
g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(win), "delete-event", (GCallback)gtk_main_quit, NULL);
g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(okbutton), "clicked", (GCallback)ok_hit, widgs);
gtk_widget_show_all(GTK_WIDGET(win));
gtk_main();
return 0;
}
|
Preserve the algorithm and functionality while converting the code from C++ to C. | #include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
constexpr double sqrt3_2 = 0.86602540378444;
struct point {
double x;
double y;
};
std::vector<point> sierpinski_arrowhead_next(const std::vector<point>& points) {
size_t size = points.size();
std::vector<point> output(3*(size - 1) + 1);
double x0, y0, x1, y1;
size_t j = 0;
for (size_t i = 0; i + 1 < size; ++i, j += 3) {
x0 = points[i].x;
y0 = points[i].y;
x1 = points[i + 1].x;
y1 = points[i + 1].y;
double dx = x1 - x0;
output[j] = {x0, y0};
if (y0 == y1) {
double d = dx * sqrt3_2/2;
if (d < 0) d = -d;
output[j + 1] = {x0 + dx/4, y0 - d};
output[j + 2] = {x1 - dx/4, y0 - d};
} else if (y1 < y0) {
output[j + 1] = {x1, y0};
output[j + 2] = {x1 + dx/2, (y0 + y1)/2};
} else {
output[j + 1] = {x0 - dx/2, (y0 + y1)/2};
output[j + 2] = {x0, y1};
}
}
output[j] = {x1, y1};
return output;
}
void write_sierpinski_arrowhead(std::ostream& out, int size, int iterations) {
out << "<svg xmlns='http:
<< size << "' height='" << size << "'>\n";
out << "<rect width='100%' height='100%' fill='white'/>\n";
out << "<path stroke-width='1' stroke='black' fill='none' d='";
const double margin = 20.0;
const double side = size - 2.0 * margin;
const double x = margin;
const double y = 0.5 * size + 0.5 * sqrt3_2 * side;
std::vector<point> points{{x, y}, {x + side, y}};
for (int i = 0; i < iterations; ++i)
points = sierpinski_arrowhead_next(points);
for (size_t i = 0, n = points.size(); i < n; ++i)
out << (i == 0 ? "M" : "L") << points[i].x << ',' << points[i].y << '\n';
out << "'/>\n</svg>\n";
}
int main() {
std::ofstream out("sierpinski_arrowhead.svg");
if (!out) {
std::cerr << "Cannot open output file\n";
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
write_sierpinski_arrowhead(out, 600, 8);
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
|
#include <math.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
typedef struct cursor_tag {
double x;
double y;
int angle;
} cursor_t;
void turn(cursor_t* cursor, int angle) {
cursor->angle = (cursor->angle + angle) % 360;
}
void draw_line(FILE* out, cursor_t* cursor, double length) {
double theta = (M_PI * cursor->angle)/180.0;
cursor->x += length * cos(theta);
cursor->y += length * sin(theta);
fprintf(out, "L%g,%g\n", cursor->x, cursor->y);
}
void curve(FILE* out, int order, double length, cursor_t* cursor, int angle) {
if (order == 0) {
draw_line(out, cursor, length);
} else {
curve(out, order - 1, length/2, cursor, -angle);
turn(cursor, angle);
curve(out, order - 1, length/2, cursor, angle);
turn(cursor, angle);
curve(out, order - 1, length/2, cursor, -angle);
}
}
void write_sierpinski_arrowhead(FILE* out, int size, int order) {
const double margin = 20.0;
const double side = size - 2.0 * margin;
cursor_t cursor;
cursor.angle = 0;
cursor.x = margin;
cursor.y = 0.5 * size + 0.25 * sqrt(3) * side;
if ((order & 1) != 0)
turn(&cursor, -60);
fprintf(out, "<svg xmlns='http:
size, size);
fprintf(out, "<rect width='100%%' height='100%%' fill='white'/>\n");
fprintf(out, "<path stroke-width='1' stroke='black' fill='none' d='");
fprintf(out, "M%g,%g\n", cursor.x, cursor.y);
curve(out, order, side, &cursor, 60);
fprintf(out, "'/>\n</svg>\n");
}
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
const char* filename = "sierpinski_arrowhead.svg";
if (argc == 2)
filename = argv[1];
FILE* out = fopen(filename, "w");
if (!out) {
perror(filename);
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
write_sierpinski_arrowhead(out, 600, 8);
fclose(out);
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
|
Produce a functionally identical C code for the snippet given in C++. | #include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <iomanip>
#include <boost/lexical_cast.hpp>
#include <boost/algorithm/string.hpp>
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
const int NumFlags = 24;
int main()
{
std::fstream file("readings.txt");
int badCount = 0;
std::string badDate;
int badCountMax = 0;
while(true)
{
std::string line;
getline(file, line);
if(!file.good())
break;
std::vector<std::string> tokens;
boost::algorithm::split(tokens, line, boost::is_space());
if(tokens.size() != NumFlags * 2 + 1)
{
cout << "Bad input file." << endl;
return 0;
}
double total = 0.0;
int accepted = 0;
for(size_t i = 1; i < tokens.size(); i += 2)
{
double val = boost::lexical_cast<double>(tokens[i]);
int flag = boost::lexical_cast<int>(tokens[i+1]);
if(flag > 0)
{
total += val;
++accepted;
badCount = 0;
}
else
{
++badCount;
if(badCount > badCountMax)
{
badCountMax = badCount;
badDate = tokens[0];
}
}
}
cout << tokens[0];
cout << " Reject: " << std::setw(2) << (NumFlags - accepted);
cout << " Accept: " << std::setw(2) << accepted;
cout << " Average: " << std::setprecision(5) << total / accepted << endl;
}
cout << endl;
cout << "Maximum number of consecutive bad readings is " << badCountMax << endl;
cout << "Ends on date " << badDate << endl;
}
| #include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
static int badHrs, maxBadHrs;
static double hrsTot = 0.0;
static int rdgsTot = 0;
char bhEndDate[40];
int mungeLine( char *line, int lno, FILE *fout )
{
char date[40], *tkn;
int dHrs, flag, hrs2, hrs;
double hrsSum;
int hrsCnt = 0;
double avg;
tkn = strtok(line, ".");
if (tkn) {
int n = sscanf(tkn, "%s %d", &date, &hrs2);
if (n<2) {
printf("badly formated line - %d %s\n", lno, tkn);
return 0;
}
hrsSum = 0.0;
while( tkn= strtok(NULL, ".")) {
n = sscanf(tkn,"%d %d %d", &dHrs, &flag, &hrs);
if (n>=2) {
if (flag > 0) {
hrsSum += 1.0*hrs2 + .001*dHrs;
hrsCnt += 1;
if (maxBadHrs < badHrs) {
maxBadHrs = badHrs;
strcpy(bhEndDate, date);
}
badHrs = 0;
}
else {
badHrs += 1;
}
hrs2 = hrs;
}
else {
printf("bad file syntax line %d: %s\n",lno, tkn);
}
}
avg = (hrsCnt > 0)? hrsSum/hrsCnt : 0.0;
fprintf(fout, "%s Reject: %2d Accept: %2d Average: %7.3f\n",
date, 24-hrsCnt, hrsCnt, hrsSum/hrsCnt);
hrsTot += hrsSum;
rdgsTot += hrsCnt;
}
return 1;
}
int main()
{
FILE *infile, *outfile;
int lineNo = 0;
char line[512];
const char *ifilename = "readings.txt";
outfile = fopen("V0.txt", "w");
infile = fopen(ifilename, "rb");
if (!infile) {
printf("Can't open %s\n", ifilename);
exit(1);
}
while (NULL != fgets(line, 512, infile)) {
lineNo += 1;
if (0 == mungeLine(line, lineNo, outfile))
printf("Bad line at %d",lineNo);
}
fclose(infile);
fprintf(outfile, "File: %s\n", ifilename);
fprintf(outfile, "Total: %.3f\n", hrsTot);
fprintf(outfile, "Readings: %d\n", rdgsTot);
fprintf(outfile, "Average: %.3f\n", hrsTot/rdgsTot);
fprintf(outfile, "\nMaximum number of consecutive bad readings is %d\n", maxBadHrs);
fprintf(outfile, "Ends on date %s\n", bhEndDate);
fclose(outfile);
return 0;
}
|
Write the same algorithm in C as shown in this C++ implementation. | #include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include "Poco/MD5Engine.h"
#include "Poco/DigestStream.h"
using Poco::DigestEngine ;
using Poco::MD5Engine ;
using Poco::DigestOutputStream ;
int main( ) {
std::string myphrase ( "The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog's back" ) ;
MD5Engine md5 ;
DigestOutputStream outstr( md5 ) ;
outstr << myphrase ;
outstr.flush( ) ;
const DigestEngine::Digest& digest = md5.digest( ) ;
std::cout << myphrase << " as a MD5 digest :\n" << DigestEngine::digestToHex( digest )
<< " !" << std::endl ;
return 0 ;
}
| #include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <openssl/md5.h>
const char *string = "The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog's back";
int main()
{
int i;
unsigned char result[MD5_DIGEST_LENGTH];
MD5(string, strlen(string), result);
for(i = 0; i < MD5_DIGEST_LENGTH; i++)
printf("%02x", result[i]);
printf("\n");
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
|
Convert this C++ block to C, preserving its control flow and logic. | #include <cstdint>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using integer = uint64_t;
integer divisor_sum(integer n) {
integer total = 1, power = 2;
for (; n % 2 == 0; power *= 2, n /= 2)
total += power;
for (integer p = 3; p * p <= n; p += 2) {
integer sum = 1;
for (power = p; n % p == 0; power *= p, n /= p)
sum += power;
total *= sum;
}
if (n > 1)
total *= n + 1;
return total;
}
void classify_aliquot_sequence(integer n) {
constexpr int limit = 16;
integer terms[limit];
terms[0] = n;
std::string classification("non-terminating");
int length = 1;
for (int i = 1; i < limit; ++i) {
++length;
terms[i] = divisor_sum(terms[i - 1]) - terms[i - 1];
if (terms[i] == n) {
classification =
(i == 1 ? "perfect" : (i == 2 ? "amicable" : "sociable"));
break;
}
int j = 1;
for (; j < i; ++j) {
if (terms[i] == terms[i - j])
break;
}
if (j < i) {
classification = (j == 1 ? "aspiring" : "cyclic");
break;
}
if (terms[i] == 0) {
classification = "terminating";
break;
}
}
std::cout << n << ": " << classification << ", sequence: " << terms[0];
for (int i = 1; i < length && terms[i] != terms[i - 1]; ++i)
std::cout << ' ' << terms[i];
std::cout << '\n';
}
int main() {
for (integer i = 1; i <= 10; ++i)
classify_aliquot_sequence(i);
for (integer i : {11, 12, 28, 496, 220, 1184, 12496, 1264460, 790, 909, 562,
1064, 1488})
classify_aliquot_sequence(i);
classify_aliquot_sequence(15355717786080);
classify_aliquot_sequence(153557177860800);
return 0;
}
| #include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<stdio.h>
unsigned long long bruteForceProperDivisorSum(unsigned long long n){
unsigned long long i,sum = 0;
for(i=1;i<(n+1)/2;i++)
if(n%i==0 && n!=i)
sum += i;
return sum;
}
void printSeries(unsigned long long* arr,int size,char* type){
int i;
printf("\nInteger : %llu, Type : %s, Series : ",arr[0],type);
for(i=0;i<size-1;i++)
printf("%llu, ",arr[i]);
printf("%llu",arr[i]);
}
void aliquotClassifier(unsigned long long n){
unsigned long long arr[16];
int i,j;
arr[0] = n;
for(i=1;i<16;i++){
arr[i] = bruteForceProperDivisorSum(arr[i-1]);
if(arr[i]==0||arr[i]==n||(arr[i]==arr[i-1] && arr[i]!=n)){
printSeries(arr,i+1,(arr[i]==0)?"Terminating":(arr[i]==n && i==1)?"Perfect":(arr[i]==n && i==2)?"Amicable":(arr[i]==arr[i-1] && arr[i]!=n)?"Aspiring":"Sociable");
return;
}
for(j=1;j<i;j++){
if(arr[j]==arr[i]){
printSeries(arr,i+1,"Cyclic");
return;
}
}
}
printSeries(arr,i+1,"Non-Terminating");
}
void processFile(char* fileName){
FILE* fp = fopen(fileName,"r");
char str[21];
while(fgets(str,21,fp)!=NULL)
aliquotClassifier(strtoull(str,(char**)NULL,10));
fclose(fp);
}
int main(int argC,char* argV[])
{
if(argC!=2)
printf("Usage : %s <positive integer>",argV[0]);
else{
if(strchr(argV[1],'.')!=NULL)
processFile(argV[1]);
else
aliquotClassifier(strtoull(argV[1],(char**)NULL,10));
}
return 0;
}
|
Preserve the algorithm and functionality while converting the code from C++ to C. | #include <cstdint>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using integer = uint64_t;
integer divisor_sum(integer n) {
integer total = 1, power = 2;
for (; n % 2 == 0; power *= 2, n /= 2)
total += power;
for (integer p = 3; p * p <= n; p += 2) {
integer sum = 1;
for (power = p; n % p == 0; power *= p, n /= p)
sum += power;
total *= sum;
}
if (n > 1)
total *= n + 1;
return total;
}
void classify_aliquot_sequence(integer n) {
constexpr int limit = 16;
integer terms[limit];
terms[0] = n;
std::string classification("non-terminating");
int length = 1;
for (int i = 1; i < limit; ++i) {
++length;
terms[i] = divisor_sum(terms[i - 1]) - terms[i - 1];
if (terms[i] == n) {
classification =
(i == 1 ? "perfect" : (i == 2 ? "amicable" : "sociable"));
break;
}
int j = 1;
for (; j < i; ++j) {
if (terms[i] == terms[i - j])
break;
}
if (j < i) {
classification = (j == 1 ? "aspiring" : "cyclic");
break;
}
if (terms[i] == 0) {
classification = "terminating";
break;
}
}
std::cout << n << ": " << classification << ", sequence: " << terms[0];
for (int i = 1; i < length && terms[i] != terms[i - 1]; ++i)
std::cout << ' ' << terms[i];
std::cout << '\n';
}
int main() {
for (integer i = 1; i <= 10; ++i)
classify_aliquot_sequence(i);
for (integer i : {11, 12, 28, 496, 220, 1184, 12496, 1264460, 790, 909, 562,
1064, 1488})
classify_aliquot_sequence(i);
classify_aliquot_sequence(15355717786080);
classify_aliquot_sequence(153557177860800);
return 0;
}
| #include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<stdio.h>
unsigned long long bruteForceProperDivisorSum(unsigned long long n){
unsigned long long i,sum = 0;
for(i=1;i<(n+1)/2;i++)
if(n%i==0 && n!=i)
sum += i;
return sum;
}
void printSeries(unsigned long long* arr,int size,char* type){
int i;
printf("\nInteger : %llu, Type : %s, Series : ",arr[0],type);
for(i=0;i<size-1;i++)
printf("%llu, ",arr[i]);
printf("%llu",arr[i]);
}
void aliquotClassifier(unsigned long long n){
unsigned long long arr[16];
int i,j;
arr[0] = n;
for(i=1;i<16;i++){
arr[i] = bruteForceProperDivisorSum(arr[i-1]);
if(arr[i]==0||arr[i]==n||(arr[i]==arr[i-1] && arr[i]!=n)){
printSeries(arr,i+1,(arr[i]==0)?"Terminating":(arr[i]==n && i==1)?"Perfect":(arr[i]==n && i==2)?"Amicable":(arr[i]==arr[i-1] && arr[i]!=n)?"Aspiring":"Sociable");
return;
}
for(j=1;j<i;j++){
if(arr[j]==arr[i]){
printSeries(arr,i+1,"Cyclic");
return;
}
}
}
printSeries(arr,i+1,"Non-Terminating");
}
void processFile(char* fileName){
FILE* fp = fopen(fileName,"r");
char str[21];
while(fgets(str,21,fp)!=NULL)
aliquotClassifier(strtoull(str,(char**)NULL,10));
fclose(fp);
}
int main(int argC,char* argV[])
{
if(argC!=2)
printf("Usage : %s <positive integer>",argV[0]);
else{
if(strchr(argV[1],'.')!=NULL)
processFile(argV[1]);
else
aliquotClassifier(strtoull(argV[1],(char**)NULL,10));
}
return 0;
}
|
Produce a language-to-language conversion: from C++ to C, same semantics. | #include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include <boost/date_time/local_time/local_time.hpp>
#include <sstream>
#include <boost/date_time/gregorian/gregorian.hpp>
#include <vector>
#include <boost/algorithm/string.hpp>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <locale>
int main( ) {
std::string datestring ("March 7 2009 7:30pm EST" ) ;
std::vector<std::string> elements ;
boost::split( elements , datestring , boost::is_any_of( " " ) ) ;
std::string datepart = elements[ 0 ] + " " + "0" + elements[ 1 ] + " " +
elements[ 2 ] ;
std::string timepart = elements[ 3 ] ;
std::string timezone = elements[ 4 ] ;
const char meridians[ ] = { 'a' , 'p' } ;
std::string::size_type found = timepart.find_first_of( meridians, 0 ) ;
std::string twelve_hour ( timepart.substr( found , 1 ) ) ;
timepart = timepart.substr( 0 , found ) ;
elements.clear( ) ;
boost::split( elements , timepart , boost::is_any_of ( ":" ) ) ;
long hour = std::atol( (elements.begin( ))->c_str( ) ) ;
if ( twelve_hour == "p" )
hour += 12 ;
long minute = std::atol( ( elements.begin( ) + 1)->c_str( ) ) ;
boost::local_time::tz_database tz_db ;
tz_db.load_from_file( "/home/ulrich/internetpages/date_time_zonespec.csv" ) ;
boost::local_time::time_zone_ptr dyc = tz_db.time_zone_from_region( "America/New_York" ) ;
boost::gregorian::date_input_facet *f =
new boost::gregorian::date_input_facet( "%B %d %Y" ) ;
std::stringstream ss ;
ss << datepart ;
ss.imbue( std::locale( std::locale::classic( ) , f ) ) ;
boost::gregorian::date d ;
ss >> d ;
boost::posix_time::time_duration td ( hour , minute , 0 ) ;
boost::local_time::local_date_time lt ( d , td , dyc ,
boost::local_time::local_date_time::NOT_DATE_TIME_ON_ERROR ) ;
std::cout << "local time: " << lt << '\n' ;
ss.str( "" ) ;
ss << lt ;
boost::posix_time::time_duration td2 (12 , 0 , 0 , 0 ) ;
boost::local_time::local_date_time ltlater = lt + td2 ;
boost::gregorian::date_facet *f2 =
new boost::gregorian::date_facet( "%B %d %Y , %R %Z" ) ;
std::cout.imbue( std::locale( std::locale::classic( ) , f2 ) ) ;
std::cout << "12 hours after " << ss.str( ) << " it is " << ltlater << " !\n" ;
boost::local_time::time_zone_ptr bt = tz_db.time_zone_from_region( "Europe/Berlin" ) ;
std::cout.imbue( std::locale( "de_DE.UTF-8" ) ) ;
std::cout << "This corresponds to " << ltlater.local_time_in( bt ) << " in Berlin!\n" ;
return 0 ;
}
| #include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>
int main()
{
struct tm ts;
time_t t;
const char *d = "March 7 2009 7:30pm EST";
strptime(d, "%B %d %Y %I:%M%p %Z", &ts);
t = mktime(&ts);
t += 12*60*60;
printf("%s", ctime(&t));
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
|
Generate an equivalent C version of this C++ code. | #include <chrono>
#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
#include <vector>
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
std::vector<std::thread> threads;
for (int i = 1; i < argc; ++i) {
threads.emplace_back([i, &argv]() {
int arg = std::stoi(argv[i]);
std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(arg));
std::cout << argv[i] << std::endl;
});
}
for (auto& thread : threads) {
thread.join();
}
}
| >>>>>,----------[++++++++
++[->+>+<<]>+>[-<<+>>]+++
+++++[-<------>]>>+>,----
------<<+[->>>>>+<<<<<]>>
]>>>[<<<<[<<<[->>+<<[->+>
[-]<<]]>[-<+>]>[-<<<.>>>>
->>>>>[>>>>>]<-<<<<[<<<<<
]+<]<<<<]>>>>>[>>>>>]<]
|
Ensure the translated C code behaves exactly like the original C++ snippet. | #include<cstdlib>
#include<ctime>
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int arr[10][10];
srand(time(NULL));
for(auto& row: arr)
for(auto& col: row)
col = rand() % 20 + 1;
([&](){
for(auto& row : arr)
for(auto& col: row)
{
cout << col << endl;
if(col == 20)return;
}
})();
return 0;
}
| #include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int a[10][10], i, j;
srand(time(NULL));
for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)
for (j = 0; j < 10; j++)
a[i][j] = rand() % 20 + 1;
for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < 10; j++) {
printf(" %d", a[i][j]);
if (a[i][j] == 20)
goto Done;
}
printf("\n");
}
Done:
printf("\n");
return 0;
}
|
Produce a language-to-language conversion: from C++ to C, same semantics. | #include <cmath>
#include <iostream>
#include <numeric>
#include <tuple>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
auto CountTriplets(unsigned long long maxPerimeter)
{
unsigned long long totalCount = 0;
unsigned long long primitveCount = 0;
auto max_M = (unsigned long long)sqrt(maxPerimeter/2) + 1;
for(unsigned long long m = 2; m < max_M; ++m)
{
for(unsigned long long n = 1 + m % 2; n < m; n+=2)
{
if(gcd(m,n) != 1)
{
continue;
}
auto a = m * m - n * n;
auto b = 2 * m * n;
auto c = m * m + n * n;
auto perimeter = a + b + c;
if(perimeter <= maxPerimeter)
{
primitveCount++;
totalCount+= maxPerimeter / perimeter;
}
}
}
return tuple(totalCount, primitveCount);
}
int main()
{
vector<unsigned long long> inputs{100, 1000, 10'000, 100'000,
1000'000, 10'000'000, 100'000'000, 1000'000'000,
10'000'000'000};
for(auto maxPerimeter : inputs)
{
auto [total, primitive] = CountTriplets(maxPerimeter);
cout << "\nMax Perimeter: " << maxPerimeter << ", Total: " << total << ", Primitive: " << primitive ;
}
}
| #include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
typedef unsigned long long xint;
typedef unsigned long ulong;
inline ulong gcd(ulong m, ulong n)
{
ulong t;
while (n) { t = n; n = m % n; m = t; }
return m;
}
int main()
{
ulong a, b, c, pytha = 0, prim = 0, max_p = 100;
xint aa, bb, cc;
for (a = 1; a <= max_p / 3; a++) {
aa = (xint)a * a;
printf("a = %lu\r", a);
fflush(stdout);
for (b = a + 1; b < max_p/2; b++) {
bb = (xint)b * b;
for (c = b + 1; c < max_p/2; c++) {
cc = (xint)c * c;
if (aa + bb < cc) break;
if (a + b + c > max_p) break;
if (aa + bb == cc) {
pytha++;
if (gcd(a, b) == 1) prim++;
}
}
}
}
printf("Up to %lu, there are %lu triples, of which %lu are primitive\n",
max_p, pytha, prim);
return 0;
}
|
Rewrite this program in C while keeping its functionality equivalent to the C++ version. | #include <cmath>
#include <iostream>
#include <numeric>
#include <tuple>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
auto CountTriplets(unsigned long long maxPerimeter)
{
unsigned long long totalCount = 0;
unsigned long long primitveCount = 0;
auto max_M = (unsigned long long)sqrt(maxPerimeter/2) + 1;
for(unsigned long long m = 2; m < max_M; ++m)
{
for(unsigned long long n = 1 + m % 2; n < m; n+=2)
{
if(gcd(m,n) != 1)
{
continue;
}
auto a = m * m - n * n;
auto b = 2 * m * n;
auto c = m * m + n * n;
auto perimeter = a + b + c;
if(perimeter <= maxPerimeter)
{
primitveCount++;
totalCount+= maxPerimeter / perimeter;
}
}
}
return tuple(totalCount, primitveCount);
}
int main()
{
vector<unsigned long long> inputs{100, 1000, 10'000, 100'000,
1000'000, 10'000'000, 100'000'000, 1000'000'000,
10'000'000'000};
for(auto maxPerimeter : inputs)
{
auto [total, primitive] = CountTriplets(maxPerimeter);
cout << "\nMax Perimeter: " << maxPerimeter << ", Total: " << total << ", Primitive: " << primitive ;
}
}
| #include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
typedef unsigned long long xint;
typedef unsigned long ulong;
inline ulong gcd(ulong m, ulong n)
{
ulong t;
while (n) { t = n; n = m % n; m = t; }
return m;
}
int main()
{
ulong a, b, c, pytha = 0, prim = 0, max_p = 100;
xint aa, bb, cc;
for (a = 1; a <= max_p / 3; a++) {
aa = (xint)a * a;
printf("a = %lu\r", a);
fflush(stdout);
for (b = a + 1; b < max_p/2; b++) {
bb = (xint)b * b;
for (c = b + 1; c < max_p/2; c++) {
cc = (xint)c * c;
if (aa + bb < cc) break;
if (a + b + c > max_p) break;
if (aa + bb == cc) {
pytha++;
if (gcd(a, b) == 1) prim++;
}
}
}
}
printf("Up to %lu, there are %lu triples, of which %lu are primitive\n",
max_p, pytha, prim);
return 0;
}
|
Change the following C++ code into C without altering its purpose. | #include <set>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
typedef set<int> TySet;
int data[] = {1, 2, 3, 2, 3, 4};
TySet unique_set(data, data + 6);
cout << "Set items:" << endl;
for (TySet::iterator iter = unique_set.begin(); iter != unique_set.end(); iter++)
cout << *iter << " ";
cout << endl;
}
| #include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
struct list_node {int x; struct list_node *next;};
typedef struct list_node node;
node * uniq(int *a, unsigned alen)
{if (alen == 0) return NULL;
node *start = malloc(sizeof(node));
if (start == NULL) exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
start->x = a[0];
start->next = NULL;
for (int i = 1 ; i < alen ; ++i)
{node *n = start;
for (;; n = n->next)
{if (a[i] == n->x) break;
if (n->next == NULL)
{n->next = malloc(sizeof(node));
n = n->next;
if (n == NULL) exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
n->x = a[i];
n->next = NULL;
break;}}}
return start;}
int main(void)
{int a[] = {1, 2, 1, 4, 5, 2, 15, 1, 3, 4};
for (node *n = uniq(a, 10) ; n != NULL ; n = n->next)
printf("%d ", n->x);
puts("");
return 0;}
|
Convert this C++ block to C, preserving its control flow and logic. | #include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <string>
std::string lookandsay(const std::string& s)
{
std::ostringstream r;
for (std::size_t i = 0; i != s.length();) {
auto new_i = s.find_first_not_of(s[i], i + 1);
if (new_i == std::string::npos)
new_i = s.length();
r << new_i - i << s[i];
i = new_i;
}
return r.str();
}
int main()
{
std::string laf = "1";
std::cout << laf << '\n';
for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
laf = lookandsay(laf);
std::cout << laf << '\n';
}
}
| #include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main()
{
char *a = malloc(2), *b = 0, *x, c;
int cnt, len = 1;
for (sprintf(a, "1"); (b = realloc(b, len * 2 + 1)); a = b, b = x) {
puts(x = a);
for (len = 0, cnt = 1; (c = *a); ) {
if (c == *++a)
cnt++;
else if (c) {
len += sprintf(b + len, "%d%c", cnt, c);
cnt = 1;
}
}
}
return 0;
}
|
Write a version of this C++ function in C with identical behavior. | #include <stack>
| #include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define DECL_STACK_TYPE(type, name) \
typedef struct stk_##name##_t{type *buf; size_t alloc,len;}*stk_##name; \
stk_##name stk_##name##_create(size_t init_size) { \
stk_##name s; if (!init_size) init_size = 4; \
s = malloc(sizeof(struct stk_##name##_t)); \
if (!s) return 0; \
s->buf = malloc(sizeof(type) * init_size); \
if (!s->buf) { free(s); return 0; } \
s->len = 0, s->alloc = init_size; \
return s; } \
int stk_##name##_push(stk_##name s, type item) { \
type *tmp; \
if (s->len >= s->alloc) { \
tmp = realloc(s->buf, s->alloc*2*sizeof(type)); \
if (!tmp) return -1; s->buf = tmp; \
s->alloc *= 2; } \
s->buf[s->len++] = item; \
return s->len; } \
type stk_##name##_pop(stk_##name s) { \
type tmp; \
if (!s->len) abort(); \
tmp = s->buf[--s->len]; \
if (s->len * 2 <= s->alloc && s->alloc >= 8) { \
s->alloc /= 2; \
s->buf = realloc(s->buf, s->alloc * sizeof(type));} \
return tmp; } \
void stk_##name##_delete(stk_##name s) { \
free(s->buf); free(s); }
#define stk_empty(s) (!(s)->len)
#define stk_size(s) ((s)->len)
DECL_STACK_TYPE(int, int)
int main(void)
{
int i;
stk_int stk = stk_int_create(0);
printf("pushing: ");
for (i = 'a'; i <= 'z'; i++) {
printf(" %c", i);
stk_int_push(stk, i);
}
printf("\nsize now: %d", stk_size(stk));
printf("\nstack is%s empty\n", stk_empty(stk) ? "" : " not");
printf("\npoppoing:");
while (stk_size(stk))
printf(" %c", stk_int_pop(stk));
printf("\nsize now: %d", stk_size(stk));
printf("\nstack is%s empty\n", stk_empty(stk) ? "" : " not");
stk_int_delete(stk);
return 0;
}
|
Can you help me rewrite this code in C instead of C++, keeping it the same logically? | #include <cassert>
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
class totient_calculator {
public:
explicit totient_calculator(int max) : totient_(max + 1) {
for (int i = 1; i <= max; ++i)
totient_[i] = i;
for (int i = 2; i <= max; ++i) {
if (totient_[i] < i)
continue;
for (int j = i; j <= max; j += i)
totient_[j] -= totient_[j] / i;
}
}
int totient(int n) const {
assert (n >= 1 && n < totient_.size());
return totient_[n];
}
bool is_prime(int n) const {
return totient(n) == n - 1;
}
private:
std::vector<int> totient_;
};
int count_primes(const totient_calculator& tc, int min, int max) {
int count = 0;
for (int i = min; i <= max; ++i) {
if (tc.is_prime(i))
++count;
}
return count;
}
int main() {
const int max = 10000000;
totient_calculator tc(max);
std::cout << " n totient prime?\n";
for (int i = 1; i <= 25; ++i) {
std::cout << std::setw(2) << i
<< std::setw(9) << tc.totient(i)
<< std::setw(8) << (tc.is_prime(i) ? "yes" : "no") << '\n';
}
for (int n = 100; n <= max; n *= 10) {
std::cout << "Count of primes up to " << n << ": "
<< count_primes(tc, 1, n) << '\n';
}
return 0;
}
|
#include<stdio.h>
int totient(int n){
int tot = n,i;
for(i=2;i*i<=n;i+=2){
if(n%i==0){
while(n%i==0)
n/=i;
tot-=tot/i;
}
if(i==2)
i=1;
}
if(n>1)
tot-=tot/n;
return tot;
}
int main()
{
int count = 0,n,tot;
printf(" n %c prime",237);
printf("\n---------------\n");
for(n=1;n<=25;n++){
tot = totient(n);
if(n-1 == tot)
count++;
printf("%2d %2d %s\n", n, tot, n-1 == tot?"True":"False");
}
printf("\nNumber of primes up to %6d =%4d\n", 25,count);
for(n = 26; n <= 100000; n++){
tot = totient(n);
if(tot == n-1)
count++;
if(n == 100 || n == 1000 || n%10000 == 0){
printf("\nNumber of primes up to %6d = %4d\n", n, count);
}
}
return 0;
}
|
Write the same code in C as shown below in C++. | template<bool Condition, typename ThenType, typename Elsetype> struct ifthenelse;
template<typename ThenType, typename ElseType> struct ifthenelse<true, ThenType, ElseType>
{
typedef ThenType type;
};
template<typename ThenType, typename ElseType> struct ifthenelse<false, ThenType, ElseType>
{
typedef ElseType type;
};
ifthenelse<INT_MAX == 32767,
long int,
int>
::type myvar;
| int a = 3;
if (a == 2) {
puts ("a is 2");
} else if (a == 3) {
puts ("a is 3");
} else {
puts("a is 4");
}
unless (a == 2) {
puts ("a is 2");
} else if (a == 3) {
puts ("a is 3");
} else {
puts("a is 4");
}
switch (a) {
case 2:
puts ("a is 2");
break;
case 3:
puts ("a is 3");
break;
case 4:
puts ("a is 4");
break;
default:
puts("is neither");
}
|
Convert the following code from C++ to C, ensuring the logic remains intact. | #include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <random>
int main()
{
std::random_device rd;
std::uniform_int_distribution<int> dist(1, 10);
std::mt19937 mt(rd());
std::cout << "Random Number (hardware): " << dist(rd) << std::endl;
std::cout << "Mersenne twister (hardware seeded): " << dist(mt) << std::endl;
}
| #include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int
main()
{
int i;
srand(time(NULL));
for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)
puts((rand() % 2) ? "heads" : "tails");
return 0;
}
|
Preserve the algorithm and functionality while converting the code from C++ to C. | #include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <random>
int main()
{
std::random_device rd;
std::uniform_int_distribution<int> dist(1, 10);
std::mt19937 mt(rd());
std::cout << "Random Number (hardware): " << dist(rd) << std::endl;
std::cout << "Mersenne twister (hardware seeded): " << dist(mt) << std::endl;
}
| #include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int
main()
{
int i;
srand(time(NULL));
for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)
puts((rand() % 2) ? "heads" : "tails");
return 0;
}
|
Change the following C++ code into C without altering its purpose. | #include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <random>
int main()
{
std::random_device rd;
std::uniform_int_distribution<int> dist(1, 10);
std::mt19937 mt(rd());
std::cout << "Random Number (hardware): " << dist(rd) << std::endl;
std::cout << "Mersenne twister (hardware seeded): " << dist(mt) << std::endl;
}
| #include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int
main()
{
int i;
srand(time(NULL));
for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)
puts((rand() % 2) ? "heads" : "tails");
return 0;
}
|
Please provide an equivalent version of this C++ code in C. | #include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <iterator>
#include <vector>
#include <cmath>
using namespace std;
class fractran
{
public:
void run( std::string p, int s, int l )
{
start = s; limit = l;
istringstream iss( p ); vector<string> tmp;
copy( istream_iterator<string>( iss ), istream_iterator<string>(), back_inserter<vector<string> >( tmp ) );
string item; vector< pair<float, float> > v;
pair<float, float> a;
for( vector<string>::iterator i = tmp.begin(); i != tmp.end(); i++ )
{
string::size_type pos = ( *i ).find( '/', 0 );
if( pos != std::string::npos )
{
a = make_pair( atof( ( ( *i ).substr( 0, pos ) ).c_str() ), atof( ( ( *i ).substr( pos + 1 ) ).c_str() ) );
v.push_back( a );
}
}
exec( &v );
}
private:
void exec( vector< pair<float, float> >* v )
{
int cnt = 0;
while( cnt < limit )
{
cout << cnt << " : " << start << "\n";
cnt++;
vector< pair<float, float> >::iterator it = v->begin();
bool found = false; float r;
while( it != v->end() )
{
r = start * ( ( *it ).first / ( *it ).second );
if( r == floor( r ) )
{
found = true;
break;
}
++it;
}
if( found ) start = ( int )r;
else break;
}
}
int start, limit;
};
int main( int argc, char* argv[] )
{
fractran f; f.run( "17/91 78/85 19/51 23/38 29/33 77/29 95/23 77/19 1/17 11/13 13/11 15/14 15/2 55/1", 2, 15 );
cin.get();
return 0;
}
| #include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <gmp.h>
typedef struct frac_s *frac;
struct frac_s {
int n, d;
frac next;
};
frac parse(char *s)
{
int offset = 0;
struct frac_s h = {0}, *p = &h;
while (2 == sscanf(s, "%d/%d%n", &h.n, &h.d, &offset)) {
s += offset;
p = p->next = malloc(sizeof *p);
*p = h;
p->next = 0;
}
return h.next;
}
int run(int v, char *s)
{
frac n, p = parse(s);
mpz_t val;
mpz_init_set_ui(val, v);
loop: n = p;
if (mpz_popcount(val) == 1)
gmp_printf("\n[2^%d = %Zd]", mpz_scan1(val, 0), val);
else
gmp_printf(" %Zd", val);
for (n = p; n; n = n->next) {
if (!mpz_divisible_ui_p(val, n->d)) continue;
mpz_divexact_ui(val, val, n->d);
mpz_mul_ui(val, val, n->n);
goto loop;
}
gmp_printf("\nhalt: %Zd has no divisors\n", val);
mpz_clear(val);
while (p) {
n = p->next;
free(p);
p = n;
}
return 0;
}
int main(void)
{
run(2, "17/91 78/85 19/51 23/38 29/33 77/29 95/23 "
"77/19 1/17 11/13 13/11 15/14 15/2 55/1");
return 0;
}
|
Keep all operations the same but rewrite the snippet in C. | #include <iostream>
#include <time.h>
using namespace std;
class stooge
{
public:
void sort( int* arr, int start, int end )
{
if( arr[start] > arr[end - 1] ) swap( arr[start], arr[end - 1] );
int n = end - start; if( n > 2 )
{
n /= 3; sort( arr, start, end - n );
sort( arr, start + n, end ); sort( arr, start, end - n );
}
}
};
int main( int argc, char* argv[] )
{
srand( static_cast<unsigned int>( time( NULL ) ) ); stooge s; int a[80], m = 80;
cout << "before:\n";
for( int x = 0; x < m; x++ ) { a[x] = rand() % 40 - 20; cout << a[x] << " "; }
s.sort( a, 0, m ); cout << "\n\nafter:\n";
for( int x = 0; x < m; x++ ) cout << a[x] << " "; cout << "\n\n";
return system( "pause" );
}
| #include <stdio.h>
#define SWAP(r,s) do{ t=r; r=s; s=t; } while(0)
void StoogeSort(int a[], int i, int j)
{
int t;
if (a[j] < a[i]) SWAP(a[i], a[j]);
if (j - i > 1)
{
t = (j - i + 1) / 3;
StoogeSort(a, i, j - t);
StoogeSort(a, i + t, j);
StoogeSort(a, i, j - t);
}
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int nums[] = {1, 4, 5, 3, -6, 3, 7, 10, -2, -5, 7, 5, 9, -3, 7};
int i, n;
n = sizeof(nums)/sizeof(int);
StoogeSort(nums, 0, n-1);
for(i = 0; i <= n-1; i++)
printf("%5d", nums[i]);
return 0;
}
|
Generate a C translation of this C++ snippet without changing its computational steps. | #include "stdafx.h"
#include <windows.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
const int BMP_WID = 410, BMP_HEI = 230, MAX_BALLS = 120;
class myBitmap {
public:
myBitmap() : pen( NULL ), brush( NULL ), clr( 0 ), wid( 1 ) {}
~myBitmap() {
DeleteObject( pen ); DeleteObject( brush );
DeleteDC( hdc ); DeleteObject( bmp );
}
bool create( int w, int h ) {
BITMAPINFO bi;
ZeroMemory( &bi, sizeof( bi ) );
bi.bmiHeader.biSize = sizeof( bi.bmiHeader );
bi.bmiHeader.biBitCount = sizeof( DWORD ) * 8;
bi.bmiHeader.biCompression = BI_RGB;
bi.bmiHeader.biPlanes = 1;
bi.bmiHeader.biWidth = w;
bi.bmiHeader.biHeight = -h;
HDC dc = GetDC( GetConsoleWindow() );
bmp = CreateDIBSection( dc, &bi, DIB_RGB_COLORS, &pBits, NULL, 0 );
if( !bmp ) return false;
hdc = CreateCompatibleDC( dc );
SelectObject( hdc, bmp );
ReleaseDC( GetConsoleWindow(), dc );
width = w; height = h;
return true;
}
void clear( BYTE clr = 0 ) {
memset( pBits, clr, width * height * sizeof( DWORD ) );
}
void setBrushColor( DWORD bClr ) {
if( brush ) DeleteObject( brush );
brush = CreateSolidBrush( bClr );
SelectObject( hdc, brush );
}
void setPenColor( DWORD c ) {
clr = c; createPen();
}
void setPenWidth( int w ) {
wid = w; createPen();
}
HDC getDC() const { return hdc; }
int getWidth() const { return width; }
int getHeight() const { return height; }
private:
void createPen() {
if( pen ) DeleteObject( pen );
pen = CreatePen( PS_SOLID, wid, clr );
SelectObject( hdc, pen );
}
HBITMAP bmp;
HDC hdc;
HPEN pen;
HBRUSH brush;
void *pBits;
int width, height, wid;
DWORD clr;
};
class point {
public:
int x; float y;
void set( int a, float b ) { x = a; y = b; }
};
typedef struct {
point position, offset;
bool alive, start;
}ball;
class galton {
public :
galton() {
bmp.create( BMP_WID, BMP_HEI );
initialize();
}
void setHWND( HWND hwnd ) { _hwnd = hwnd; }
void simulate() {
draw(); update(); Sleep( 1 );
}
private:
void draw() {
bmp.clear();
bmp.setPenColor( RGB( 0, 255, 0 ) );
bmp.setBrushColor( RGB( 0, 255, 0 ) );
int xx, yy;
for( int y = 3; y < 14; y++ ) {
yy = 10 * y;
for( int x = 0; x < 41; x++ ) {
xx = 10 * x;
if( pins[y][x] )
Rectangle( bmp.getDC(), xx - 3, yy - 3, xx + 3, yy + 3 );
}
}
bmp.setPenColor( RGB( 255, 0, 0 ) );
bmp.setBrushColor( RGB( 255, 0, 0 ) );
ball* b;
for( int x = 0; x < MAX_BALLS; x++ ) {
b = &balls[x];
if( b->alive )
Rectangle( bmp.getDC(), static_cast<int>( b->position.x - 3 ), static_cast<int>( b->position.y - 3 ),
static_cast<int>( b->position.x + 3 ), static_cast<int>( b->position.y + 3 ) );
}
for( int x = 0; x < 70; x++ ) {
if( cols[x] > 0 ) {
xx = 10 * x;
Rectangle( bmp.getDC(), xx - 3, 160, xx + 3, 160 + cols[x] );
}
}
HDC dc = GetDC( _hwnd );
BitBlt( dc, 0, 0, BMP_WID, BMP_HEI, bmp.getDC(), 0, 0, SRCCOPY );
ReleaseDC( _hwnd, dc );
}
void update() {
ball* b;
for( int x = 0; x < MAX_BALLS; x++ ) {
b = &balls[x];
if( b->alive ) {
b->position.x += b->offset.x; b->position.y += b->offset.y;
if( x < MAX_BALLS - 1 && !b->start && b->position.y > 50.0f ) {
b->start = true;
balls[x + 1].alive = true;
}
int c = ( int )b->position.x, d = ( int )b->position.y + 6;
if( d > 10 || d < 41 ) {
if( pins[d / 10][c / 10] ) {
if( rand() % 30 < 15 ) b->position.x -= 10;
else b->position.x += 10;
}
}
if( b->position.y > 160 ) {
b->alive = false;
cols[c / 10] += 1;
}
}
}
}
void initialize() {
for( int x = 0; x < MAX_BALLS; x++ ) {
balls[x].position.set( 200, -10 );
balls[x].offset.set( 0, 0.5f );
balls[x].alive = balls[x].start = false;
}
balls[0].alive = true;
for( int x = 0; x < 70; x++ )
cols[x] = 0;
for( int y = 0; y < 70; y++ )
for( int x = 0; x < 41; x++ )
pins[x][y] = false;
int p;
for( int y = 0; y < 11; y++ ) {
p = ( 41 / 2 ) - y;
for( int z = 0; z < y + 1; z++ ) {
pins[3 + y][p] = true;
p += 2;
}
}
}
myBitmap bmp;
HWND _hwnd;
bool pins[70][40];
ball balls[MAX_BALLS];
int cols[70];
};
class wnd {
public:
int wnd::Run( HINSTANCE hInst ) {
_hInst = hInst;
_hwnd = InitAll();
_gtn.setHWND( _hwnd );
ShowWindow( _hwnd, SW_SHOW );
UpdateWindow( _hwnd );
MSG msg;
ZeroMemory( &msg, sizeof( msg ) );
while( msg.message != WM_QUIT ) {
if( PeekMessage( &msg, NULL, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE ) != 0 ) {
TranslateMessage( &msg );
DispatchMessage( &msg );
} else _gtn.simulate();
}
return UnregisterClass( "_GALTON_", _hInst );
}
private:
static int WINAPI wnd::WndProc( HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam ) {
switch( msg ) {
case WM_DESTROY: PostQuitMessage( 0 ); break;
default:
return static_cast<int>( DefWindowProc( hWnd, msg, wParam, lParam ) );
}
return 0;
}
HWND InitAll() {
WNDCLASSEX wcex;
ZeroMemory( &wcex, sizeof( wcex ) );
wcex.cbSize = sizeof( WNDCLASSEX );
wcex.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
wcex.lpfnWndProc = ( WNDPROC )WndProc;
wcex.hInstance = _hInst;
wcex.hCursor = LoadCursor( NULL, IDC_ARROW );
wcex.hbrBackground = ( HBRUSH )( COLOR_WINDOW + 1 );
wcex.lpszClassName = "_GALTON_";
RegisterClassEx( &wcex );
RECT rc;
SetRect( &rc, 0, 0, BMP_WID, BMP_HEI );
AdjustWindowRect( &rc, WS_CAPTION, FALSE );
return CreateWindow( "_GALTON_", ".: Galton Box -- PJorente :.", WS_SYSMENU, CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, rc.right - rc.left, rc.bottom - rc.top, NULL, NULL, _hInst, NULL );
}
HINSTANCE _hInst;
HWND _hwnd;
galton _gtn;
};
int APIENTRY WinMain( HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPTSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow ) {
srand( GetTickCount() );
wnd myWnd;
return myWnd.Run( hInstance );
}
| #include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#define BALLS 1024
int n, w, h = 45, *x, *y, cnt = 0;
char *b;
#define B(y, x) b[(y)*w + x]
#define C(y, x) ' ' == b[(y)*w + x]
#define V(i) B(y[i], x[i])
inline int rnd(int a) { return (rand()/(RAND_MAX/a))%a; }
void show_board()
{
int i, j;
for (puts("\033[H"), i = 0; i < h; i++, putchar('\n'))
for (j = 0; j < w; j++, putchar(' '))
printf(B(i, j) == '*' ?
C(i - 1, j) ? "\033[32m%c\033[m" :
"\033[31m%c\033[m" : "%c", B(i, j));
}
void init()
{
int i, j;
puts("\033[H\033[J");
b = malloc(w * h);
memset(b, ' ', w * h);
x = malloc(sizeof(int) * BALLS * 2);
y = x + BALLS;
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
for (j = -i; j <= i; j += 2)
B(2 * i+2, j + w/2) = '*';
srand(time(0));
}
void move(int idx)
{
int xx = x[idx], yy = y[idx], c, kill = 0, sl = 3, o = 0;
if (yy < 0) return;
if (yy == h - 1) { y[idx] = -1; return; }
switch(c = B(yy + 1, xx)) {
case ' ': yy++; break;
case '*': sl = 1;
default: if (xx < w - 1 && C(yy, xx + 1) && C(yy + 1, xx + 1))
if (!rnd(sl++)) o = 1;
if (xx && C(yy, xx - 1) && C(yy + 1, xx - 1))
if (!rnd(sl++)) o = -1;
if (!o) kill = 1;
xx += o;
}
c = V(idx); V(idx) = ' ';
idx[y] = yy, idx[x] = xx;
B(yy, xx) = c;
if (kill) idx[y] = -1;
}
int run(void)
{
static int step = 0;
int i;
for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++) move(i);
if (2 == ++step && cnt < BALLS) {
step = 0;
x[cnt] = w/2;
y[cnt] = 0;
if (V(cnt) != ' ') return 0;
V(cnt) = rnd(80) + 43;
cnt++;
}
return 1;
}
int main(int c, char **v)
{
if (c < 2 || (n = atoi(v[1])) <= 3) n = 5;
if (n >= 20) n = 20;
w = n * 2 + 1;
init();
do { show_board(), usleep(60000); } while (run());
return 0;
}
|
Maintain the same structure and functionality when rewriting this code in C. | #include <iostream>
int circlesort(int* arr, int lo, int hi, int swaps) {
if(lo == hi) {
return swaps;
}
int high = hi;
int low = lo;
int mid = (high - low) / 2;
while(lo < hi) {
if(arr[lo] > arr[hi]) {
int temp = arr[lo];
arr[lo] = arr[hi];
arr[hi] = temp;
swaps++;
}
lo++;
hi--;
}
if(lo == hi) {
if(arr[lo] > arr[hi+1]) {
int temp = arr[lo];
arr[lo] = arr[hi+1];
arr[hi+1] = temp;
swaps++;
}
}
swaps = circlesort(arr, low, low+mid, swaps);
swaps = circlesort(arr, low+mid+1, high, swaps);
return swaps;
}
void circlesortDriver(int* arr, int n) {
do {
for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
std::cout << arr[i] << ' ';
}
std::cout << std::endl;
} while(circlesort(arr, 0, n-1, 0));
}
int main() {
int arr[] = { 6, 7, 8, 9, 2, 5, 3, 4, 1 };
circlesortDriver(arr, sizeof(arr)/sizeof(int));
return 0;
}
| #include <stdio.h>
int circle_sort_inner(int *start, int *end)
{
int *p, *q, t, swapped;
if (start == end) return 0;
for (swapped = 0, p = start, q = end; p<q || (p==q && ++q); p++, q--)
if (*p > *q)
t = *p, *p = *q, *q = t, swapped = 1;
return swapped | circle_sort_inner(start, q) | circle_sort_inner(p, end);
}
void circle_sort(int *x, int n)
{
do {
int i;
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) printf("%d ", x[i]);
putchar('\n');
} while (circle_sort_inner(x, x + (n - 1)));
}
int main(void)
{
int x[] = {5, -1, 101, -4, 0, 1, 8, 6, 2, 3};
circle_sort(x, sizeof(x) / sizeof(*x));
return 0;
}
|
Keep all operations the same but rewrite the snippet in C. | #include <cassert>
#include <vector>
#include <QImage>
template <typename scalar_type> class matrix {
public:
matrix(size_t rows, size_t columns)
: rows_(rows), columns_(columns), elements_(rows * columns) {}
matrix(size_t rows, size_t columns,
const std::initializer_list<std::initializer_list<scalar_type>>& values)
: rows_(rows), columns_(columns), elements_(rows * columns) {
assert(values.size() <= rows_);
size_t i = 0;
for (const auto& row : values) {
assert(row.size() <= columns_);
std::copy(begin(row), end(row), &elements_[i]);
i += columns_;
}
}
size_t rows() const { return rows_; }
size_t columns() const { return columns_; }
const scalar_type& operator()(size_t row, size_t column) const {
assert(row < rows_);
assert(column < columns_);
return elements_[row * columns_ + column];
}
scalar_type& operator()(size_t row, size_t column) {
assert(row < rows_);
assert(column < columns_);
return elements_[row * columns_ + column];
}
private:
size_t rows_;
size_t columns_;
std::vector<scalar_type> elements_;
};
template <typename scalar_type>
matrix<scalar_type> kronecker_product(const matrix<scalar_type>& a,
const matrix<scalar_type>& b) {
size_t arows = a.rows();
size_t acolumns = a.columns();
size_t brows = b.rows();
size_t bcolumns = b.columns();
matrix<scalar_type> c(arows * brows, acolumns * bcolumns);
for (size_t i = 0; i < arows; ++i)
for (size_t j = 0; j < acolumns; ++j)
for (size_t k = 0; k < brows; ++k)
for (size_t l = 0; l < bcolumns; ++l)
c(i*brows + k, j*bcolumns + l) = a(i, j) * b(k, l);
return c;
}
bool kronecker_fractal(const char* fileName, const matrix<unsigned char>& m, int order) {
matrix<unsigned char> result = m;
for (int i = 0; i < order; ++i)
result = kronecker_product(result, m);
size_t height = result.rows();
size_t width = result.columns();
size_t bytesPerLine = 4 * ((width + 3)/4);
std::vector<uchar> imageData(bytesPerLine * height);
for (size_t i = 0; i < height; ++i)
for (size_t j = 0; j < width; ++j)
imageData[i * bytesPerLine + j] = result(i, j);
QImage image(&imageData[0], width, height, bytesPerLine, QImage::Format_Indexed8);
QVector<QRgb> colours(2);
colours[0] = qRgb(0, 0, 0);
colours[1] = qRgb(255, 255, 255);
image.setColorTable(colours);
return image.save(fileName);
}
int main() {
matrix<unsigned char> matrix1(3, 3, {{0,1,0}, {1,1,1}, {0,1,0}});
matrix<unsigned char> matrix2(3, 3, {{1,1,1}, {1,0,1}, {1,1,1}});
matrix<unsigned char> matrix3(2, 2, {{1,1}, {0,1}});
kronecker_fractal("vicsek.png", matrix1, 5);
kronecker_fractal("sierpinski_carpet.png", matrix2, 5);
kronecker_fractal("sierpinski_triangle.png", matrix3, 8);
return 0;
}
| #include<graphics.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<stdio.h>
typedef struct{
int row, col;
}cell;
int ROW,COL,SUM=0;
unsigned long raiseTo(int base,int power){
if(power==0)
return 1;
else
return base*raiseTo(base,power-1);
}
cell* kroneckerProduct(char* inputFile,int power){
FILE* fp = fopen(inputFile,"r");
int i,j,k,l;
unsigned long prod;
int** matrix;
cell *coreList,*tempList,*resultList;
fscanf(fp,"%d%d",&ROW,&COL);
matrix = (int**)malloc(ROW*sizeof(int*));
for(i=0;i<ROW;i++){
matrix[i] = (int*)malloc(COL*sizeof(int));
for(j=0;j<COL;j++){
fscanf(fp,"%d",&matrix[i][j]);
if(matrix[i][j]==1)
SUM++;
}
}
coreList = (cell*)malloc(SUM*sizeof(cell));
resultList = (cell*)malloc(SUM*sizeof(cell));
k = 0;
for(i=0;i<ROW;i++){
for(j=0;j<COL;j++){
if(matrix[i][j]==1){
coreList[k].row = i+1;
coreList[k].col = j+1;
resultList[k].row = i+1;
resultList[k].col = j+1;
k++;
}
}
}
prod = k;
for(i=2;i<=power;i++){
tempList = (cell*)malloc(prod*k*sizeof(cell));
l = 0;
for(j=0;j<prod;j++){
for(k=0;k<SUM;k++){
tempList[l].row = (resultList[j].row-1)*ROW + coreList[k].row;
tempList[l].col = (resultList[j].col-1)*COL + coreList[k].col;
l++;
}
}
free(resultList);
prod *= k;
resultList = (cell*)malloc(prod*sizeof(cell));
for(j=0;j<prod;j++){
resultList[j].row = tempList[j].row;
resultList[j].col = tempList[j].col;
}
free(tempList);
}
return resultList;
}
int main(){
char fileName[100];
int power,i,length;
cell* resultList;
printf("Enter input file name : ");
scanf("%s",fileName);
printf("Enter power : ");
scanf("%d",&power);
resultList = kroneckerProduct(fileName,power);
initwindow(raiseTo(ROW,power),raiseTo(COL,power),"Kronecker Product Fractal");
length = raiseTo(SUM,power);
for(i=0;i<length;i++){
putpixel(resultList[i].row,resultList[i].col,15);
}
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}
|
Port the following code from C++ to C with equivalent syntax and logic. | #include "stdafx.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <boost/tokenizer.hpp>
#include <boost/algorithm/string/case_conv.hpp>
using namespace std;
using namespace boost;
typedef boost::tokenizer<boost::char_separator<char> > Tokenizer;
static const char_separator<char> sep(" ","#;,");
struct configs{
string fullname;
string favoritefruit;
bool needspelling;
bool seedsremoved;
vector<string> otherfamily;
} conf;
void parseLine(const string &line, configs &conf)
{
if (line[0] == '#' || line.empty())
return;
Tokenizer tokenizer(line, sep);
vector<string> tokens;
for (Tokenizer::iterator iter = tokenizer.begin(); iter != tokenizer.end(); iter++)
tokens.push_back(*iter);
if (tokens[0] == ";"){
algorithm::to_lower(tokens[1]);
if (tokens[1] == "needspeeling")
conf.needspelling = false;
if (tokens[1] == "seedsremoved")
conf.seedsremoved = false;
}
algorithm::to_lower(tokens[0]);
if (tokens[0] == "needspeeling")
conf.needspelling = true;
if (tokens[0] == "seedsremoved")
conf.seedsremoved = true;
if (tokens[0] == "fullname"){
for (unsigned int i=1; i<tokens.size(); i++)
conf.fullname += tokens[i] + " ";
conf.fullname.erase(conf.fullname.size() -1, 1);
}
if (tokens[0] == "favouritefruit")
for (unsigned int i=1; i<tokens.size(); i++)
conf.favoritefruit += tokens[i];
if (tokens[0] == "otherfamily"){
unsigned int i=1;
string tmp;
while (i<=tokens.size()){
if ( i == tokens.size() || tokens[i] ==","){
tmp.erase(tmp.size()-1, 1);
conf.otherfamily.push_back(tmp);
tmp = "";
i++;
}
else{
tmp += tokens[i];
tmp += " ";
i++;
}
}
}
}
int _tmain(int argc, TCHAR* argv[])
{
if (argc != 2)
{
wstring tmp = argv[0];
wcout << L"Usage: " << tmp << L" <configfile.ini>" << endl;
return -1;
}
ifstream file (argv[1]);
if (file.is_open())
while(file.good())
{
char line[255];
file.getline(line, 255);
string linestring(line);
parseLine(linestring, conf);
}
else
{
cout << "Unable to open the file" << endl;
return -2;
}
cout << "Fullname= " << conf.fullname << endl;
cout << "Favorite Fruit= " << conf.favoritefruit << endl;
cout << "Need Spelling= " << (conf.needspelling?"True":"False") << endl;
cout << "Seed Removed= " << (conf.seedsremoved?"True":"False") << endl;
string otherFamily;
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < conf.otherfamily.size(); i++)
otherFamily += conf.otherfamily[i] + ", ";
otherFamily.erase(otherFamily.size()-2, 2);
cout << "Other Family= " << otherFamily << endl;
return 0;
}
| #include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <confini.h>
#define rosetta_uint8_t unsigned char
#define FALSE 0
#define TRUE 1
#define CONFIGS_TO_READ 5
#define INI_ARRAY_DELIMITER ','
struct configs {
char *fullname;
char *favouritefruit;
rosetta_uint8_t needspeeling;
rosetta_uint8_t seedsremoved;
char **otherfamily;
size_t otherfamily_len;
size_t _configs_left_;
};
static char ** make_array (size_t * arrlen, const char * src, const size_t buffsize, IniFormat ini_format) {
*arrlen = ini_array_get_length(src, INI_ARRAY_DELIMITER, ini_format);
char ** const dest = *arrlen ? (char **) malloc(*arrlen * sizeof(char *) + buffsize) : NULL;
if (!dest) { return NULL; }
memcpy(dest + *arrlen, src, buffsize);
char * iter = (char *) (dest + *arrlen);
for (size_t idx = 0; idx < *arrlen; idx++) {
dest[idx] = ini_array_release(&iter, INI_ARRAY_DELIMITER, ini_format);
ini_string_parse(dest[idx], ini_format);
}
return dest;
}
static int configs_member_handler (IniDispatch *this, void *v_confs) {
struct configs *confs = (struct configs *) v_confs;
if (this->type != INI_KEY) {
return 0;
}
if (ini_string_match_si("FULLNAME", this->data, this->format)) {
if (confs->fullname) { return 0; }
this->v_len = ini_string_parse(this->value, this->format);
confs->fullname = strndup(this->value, this->v_len);
confs->_configs_left_--;
} else if (ini_string_match_si("FAVOURITEFRUIT", this->data, this->format)) {
if (confs->favouritefruit) { return 0; }
this->v_len = ini_string_parse(this->value, this->format);
confs->favouritefruit = strndup(this->value, this->v_len);
confs->_configs_left_--;
} else if (ini_string_match_si("NEEDSPEELING", this->data, this->format)) {
if (~confs->needspeeling & 0x80) { return 0; }
confs->needspeeling = ini_get_bool(this->value, TRUE);
confs->_configs_left_--;
} else if (ini_string_match_si("SEEDSREMOVED", this->data, this->format)) {
if (~confs->seedsremoved & 0x80) { return 0; }
confs->seedsremoved = ini_get_bool(this->value, TRUE);
confs->_configs_left_--;
} else if (!confs->otherfamily && ini_string_match_si("OTHERFAMILY", this->data, this->format)) {
if (confs->otherfamily) { return 0; }
this->v_len = ini_array_collapse(this->value, INI_ARRAY_DELIMITER, this->format);
confs->otherfamily = make_array(&confs->otherfamily_len, this->value, this->v_len + 1, this->format);
confs->_configs_left_--;
}
return !confs->_configs_left_;
}
static int populate_configs (struct configs * confs) {
IniFormat config_format = {
.delimiter_symbol = INI_ANY_SPACE,
.case_sensitive = FALSE,
.semicolon_marker = INI_IGNORE,
.hash_marker = INI_IGNORE,
.multiline_nodes = INI_NO_MULTILINE,
.section_paths = INI_NO_SECTIONS,
.no_single_quotes = FALSE,
.no_double_quotes = FALSE,
.no_spaces_in_names = TRUE,
.implicit_is_not_empty = TRUE,
.do_not_collapse_values = FALSE,
.preserve_empty_quotes = FALSE,
.disabled_after_space = TRUE,
.disabled_can_be_implicit = FALSE
};
*confs = (struct configs) { NULL, NULL, 0x80, 0x80, NULL, 0, CONFIGS_TO_READ };
if (load_ini_path("rosetta.conf", config_format, NULL, configs_member_handler, confs) & CONFINI_ERROR) {
fprintf(stderr, "Sorry, something went wrong :-(\n");
return 1;
}
confs->needspeeling &= 0x7F;
confs->seedsremoved &= 0x7F;
return 0;
}
int main () {
struct configs confs;
ini_global_set_implicit_value("YES", 0);
if (populate_configs(&confs)) {
return 1;
}
printf(
"Full name: %s\n"
"Favorite fruit: %s\n"
"Need spelling: %s\n"
"Seeds removed: %s\n",
confs.fullname,
confs.favouritefruit,
confs.needspeeling ? "True" : "False",
confs.seedsremoved ? "True" : "False"
);
for (size_t idx = 0; idx < confs.otherfamily_len; idx++) {
printf("Other family[%d]: %s\n", idx, confs.otherfamily[idx]);
}
#define FREE_NON_NULL(PTR) if (PTR) { free(PTR); }
FREE_NON_NULL(confs.fullname);
FREE_NON_NULL(confs.favouritefruit);
FREE_NON_NULL(confs.otherfamily);
return 0;
}
|
Produce a functionally identical C code for the snippet given in C++. | #include <algorithm>
#include <string>
#include <cctype>
struct icompare_char {
bool operator()(char c1, char c2) {
return std::toupper(c1) < std::toupper(c2);
}
};
struct compare {
bool operator()(std::string const& s1, std::string const& s2) {
if (s1.length() > s2.length())
return true;
if (s1.length() < s2.length())
return false;
return std::lexicographical_compare(s1.begin(), s1.end(),
s2.begin(), s2.end(),
icompare_char());
}
};
int main() {
std::string strings[8] = {"Here", "are", "some", "sample", "strings", "to", "be", "sorted"};
std::sort(strings, strings+8, compare());
return 0;
}
| #include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <strings.h>
int mycmp(const void *s1, const void *s2)
{
const char *l = *(const char **)s1, *r = *(const char **)s2;
size_t ll = strlen(l), lr = strlen(r);
if (ll > lr) return -1;
if (ll < lr) return 1;
return strcasecmp(l, r);
}
int main()
{
const char *strings[] = {
"Here", "are", "some", "sample", "strings", "to", "be", "sorted" };
qsort(strings, sizeof(strings)/sizeof(*strings), sizeof(*strings), mycmp);
return 0;
}
|
Convert the following code from C++ to C, ensuring the logic remains intact. | #include <cstdint>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <gmpxx.h>
typedef mpz_class integer;
bool is_prime(const integer& n, int reps = 50) {
return mpz_probab_prime_p(n.get_mpz_t(), reps);
}
std::string to_string(const integer& n) {
std::ostringstream out;
out << n;
return out.str();
}
bool is_circular_prime(const integer& p) {
if (!is_prime(p))
return false;
std::string str(to_string(p));
for (size_t i = 0, n = str.size(); i + 1 < n; ++i) {
std::rotate(str.begin(), str.begin() + 1, str.end());
integer p2(str, 10);
if (p2 < p || !is_prime(p2))
return false;
}
return true;
}
integer next_repunit(const integer& n) {
integer p = 1;
while (p < n)
p = 10 * p + 1;
return p;
}
integer repunit(int digits) {
std::string str(digits, '1');
integer p(str);
return p;
}
void test_repunit(int digits) {
if (is_prime(repunit(digits), 10))
std::cout << "R(" << digits << ") is probably prime\n";
else
std::cout << "R(" << digits << ") is not prime\n";
}
int main() {
integer p = 2;
std::cout << "First 19 circular primes:\n";
for (int count = 0; count < 19; ++p) {
if (is_circular_prime(p)) {
if (count > 0)
std::cout << ", ";
std::cout << p;
++count;
}
}
std::cout << '\n';
std::cout << "Next 4 circular primes:\n";
p = next_repunit(p);
std::string str(to_string(p));
int digits = str.size();
for (int count = 0; count < 4; ) {
if (is_prime(p, 15)) {
if (count > 0)
std::cout << ", ";
std::cout << "R(" << digits << ")";
++count;
}
p = repunit(++digits);
}
std::cout << '\n';
test_repunit(5003);
test_repunit(9887);
test_repunit(15073);
test_repunit(25031);
test_repunit(35317);
test_repunit(49081);
return 0;
}
| #include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <gmp.h>
bool is_prime(uint32_t n) {
if (n == 2)
return true;
if (n < 2 || n % 2 == 0)
return false;
for (uint32_t p = 3; p * p <= n; p += 2) {
if (n % p == 0)
return false;
}
return true;
}
uint32_t cycle(uint32_t n) {
uint32_t m = n, p = 1;
while (m >= 10) {
p *= 10;
m /= 10;
}
return m + 10 * (n % p);
}
bool is_circular_prime(uint32_t p) {
if (!is_prime(p))
return false;
uint32_t p2 = cycle(p);
while (p2 != p) {
if (p2 < p || !is_prime(p2))
return false;
p2 = cycle(p2);
}
return true;
}
void test_repunit(uint32_t digits) {
char* str = malloc(digits + 1);
if (str == 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory\n");
exit(1);
}
memset(str, '1', digits);
str[digits] = 0;
mpz_t bignum;
mpz_init_set_str(bignum, str, 10);
free(str);
if (mpz_probab_prime_p(bignum, 10))
printf("R(%u) is probably prime.\n", digits);
else
printf("R(%u) is not prime.\n", digits);
mpz_clear(bignum);
}
int main() {
uint32_t p = 2;
printf("First 19 circular primes:\n");
for (int count = 0; count < 19; ++p) {
if (is_circular_prime(p)) {
if (count > 0)
printf(", ");
printf("%u", p);
++count;
}
}
printf("\n");
printf("Next 4 circular primes:\n");
uint32_t repunit = 1, digits = 1;
for (; repunit < p; ++digits)
repunit = 10 * repunit + 1;
mpz_t bignum;
mpz_init_set_ui(bignum, repunit);
for (int count = 0; count < 4; ) {
if (mpz_probab_prime_p(bignum, 15)) {
if (count > 0)
printf(", ");
printf("R(%u)", digits);
++count;
}
++digits;
mpz_mul_ui(bignum, bignum, 10);
mpz_add_ui(bignum, bignum, 1);
}
mpz_clear(bignum);
printf("\n");
test_repunit(5003);
test_repunit(9887);
test_repunit(15073);
test_repunit(25031);
test_repunit(35317);
test_repunit(49081);
return 0;
}
|
Produce a language-to-language conversion: from C++ to C, same semantics. | #include "animationwidget.h"
#include <QLabel>
#include <QTimer>
#include <QVBoxLayout>
#include <algorithm>
AnimationWidget::AnimationWidget(QWidget *parent) : QWidget(parent) {
setWindowTitle(tr("Animation"));
QFont font("Courier", 24);
QLabel* label = new QLabel("Hello World! ");
label->setFont(font);
QVBoxLayout* layout = new QVBoxLayout(this);
layout->addWidget(label);
QTimer* timer = new QTimer(this);
connect(timer, &QTimer::timeout, this, [label,this]() {
QString text = label->text();
std::rotate(text.begin(), text.begin() + (right_ ? text.length() - 1 : 1), text.end());
label->setText(text);
});
timer->start(200);
}
void AnimationWidget::mousePressEvent(QMouseEvent*) {
right_ = !right_;
}
| #include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <gtk/gtk.h>
const gchar *hello = "Hello World! ";
gint direction = -1;
gint cx=0;
gint slen=0;
GtkLabel *label;
void change_dir(GtkLayout *o, gpointer d)
{
direction = -direction;
}
gchar *rotateby(const gchar *t, gint q, gint l)
{
gint i, cl = l, j;
gchar *r = malloc(l+1);
for(i=q, j=0; cl > 0; cl--, i = (i + 1)%l, j++)
r[j] = t[i];
r[l] = 0;
return r;
}
gboolean scroll_it(gpointer data)
{
if ( direction > 0 )
cx = (cx + 1) % slen;
else
cx = (cx + slen - 1 ) % slen;
gchar *scrolled = rotateby(hello, cx, slen);
gtk_label_set_text(label, scrolled);
free(scrolled);
return TRUE;
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
GtkWidget *win;
GtkButton *button;
PangoFontDescription *pd;
gtk_init(&argc, &argv);
win = gtk_window_new(GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL);
gtk_window_set_title(GTK_WINDOW(win), "Basic Animation");
g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(win), "delete-event", gtk_main_quit, NULL);
label = (GtkLabel *)gtk_label_new(hello);
pd = pango_font_description_new();
pango_font_description_set_family(pd, "monospace");
gtk_widget_modify_font(GTK_WIDGET(label), pd);
button = (GtkButton *)gtk_button_new();
gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(button), GTK_WIDGET(label));
gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(win), GTK_WIDGET(button));
g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(button), "clicked", G_CALLBACK(change_dir), NULL);
slen = strlen(hello);
g_timeout_add(125, scroll_it, NULL);
gtk_widget_show_all(GTK_WIDGET(win));
gtk_main();
return 0;
}
|
Can you help me rewrite this code in C instead of C++, keeping it the same logically? | #include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
#include <iterator>
class radix_test
{
const int bit;
public:
radix_test(int offset) : bit(offset) {}
bool operator()(int value) const
{
if (bit == 31)
return value < 0;
else
return !(value & (1 << bit));
}
};
void lsd_radix_sort(int *first, int *last)
{
for (int lsb = 0; lsb < 32; ++lsb)
{
std::stable_partition(first, last, radix_test(lsb));
}
}
void msd_radix_sort(int *first, int *last, int msb = 31)
{
if (first != last && msb >= 0)
{
int *mid = std::partition(first, last, radix_test(msb));
msb--;
msd_radix_sort(first, mid, msb);
msd_radix_sort(mid, last, msb);
}
}
int main()
{
int data[] = { 170, 45, 75, -90, -802, 24, 2, 66 };
lsd_radix_sort(data, data + 8);
std::copy(data, data + 8, std::ostream_iterator<int>(std::cout, " "));
return 0;
}
| #include <stdio.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>
#define ARR_LEN(ARR) (sizeof ARR / sizeof *ARR)
#define RAND_RNG(M,N) (M + rand() / (RAND_MAX / (N - M + 1) + 1));
static void swap(unsigned *a, unsigned *b) {
unsigned tmp = *a;
*a = *b;
*b = tmp;
}
static void rad_sort_u(unsigned *from, unsigned *to, unsigned bit)
{
if (!bit || to < from + 1) return;
unsigned *ll = from, *rr = to - 1;
for (;;) {
while (ll < rr && !(*ll & bit)) ll++;
while (ll < rr && (*rr & bit)) rr--;
if (ll >= rr) break;
swap(ll, rr);
}
if (!(bit & *ll) && ll < to) ll++;
bit >>= 1;
rad_sort_u(from, ll, bit);
rad_sort_u(ll, to, bit);
}
static void radix_sort(int *a, const size_t len)
{
size_t i;
unsigned *x = (unsigned*) a;
for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
x[i] ^= INT_MIN;
rad_sort_u(x, x + len, INT_MIN);
for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
x[i] ^= INT_MIN;
}
int main(void)
{
srand(time(NULL));
int x[16];
for (size_t i = 0; i < ARR_LEN(x); i++)
x[i] = RAND_RNG(-128,127)
radix_sort(x, ARR_LEN(x));
for (size_t i = 0; i < ARR_LEN(x); i++)
printf("%d%c", x[i], i + 1 < ARR_LEN(x) ? ' ' : '\n');
}
|
Convert the following code from C++ to C, ensuring the logic remains intact. | #include <vector>
#include <cmath>
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iterator>
void list_comprehension( std::vector<int> & , int ) ;
int main( ) {
std::vector<int> triangles ;
list_comprehension( triangles , 20 ) ;
std::copy( triangles.begin( ) , triangles.end( ) ,
std::ostream_iterator<int>( std::cout , " " ) ) ;
std::cout << std::endl ;
return 0 ;
}
void list_comprehension( std::vector<int> & numbers , int upper_border ) {
for ( int a = 1 ; a < upper_border ; a++ ) {
for ( int b = a + 1 ; b < upper_border ; b++ ) {
double c = pow( a * a + b * b , 0.5 ) ;
if ( ( c * c ) < pow( upper_border , 2 ) + 1 ) {
if ( c == floor( c ) ) {
numbers.push_back( a ) ;
numbers.push_back( b ) ;
numbers.push_back( static_cast<int>( c ) ) ;
}
}
}
}
}
| for (int i = f + 1; i <= t; i ++) { e = e->nx = listNew(sizeof i, &i); }
|
Ensure the translated C code behaves exactly like the original C++ snippet. | #include <algorithm>
#include <iterator>
#include <iostream>
template<typename ForwardIterator> void selection_sort(ForwardIterator begin,
ForwardIterator end) {
for(auto i = begin; i != end; ++i) {
std::iter_swap(i, std::min_element(i, end));
}
}
int main() {
int a[] = {100, 2, 56, 200, -52, 3, 99, 33, 177, -199};
selection_sort(std::begin(a), std::end(a));
copy(std::begin(a), std::end(a), std::ostream_iterator<int>(std::cout, " "));
std::cout << "\n";
}
| #include <stdio.h>
void selection_sort (int *a, int n) {
int i, j, m, t;
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
for (j = i, m = i; j < n; j++) {
if (a[j] < a[m]) {
m = j;
}
}
t = a[i];
a[i] = a[m];
a[m] = t;
}
}
int main () {
int a[] = {4, 65, 2, -31, 0, 99, 2, 83, 782, 1};
int n = sizeof a / sizeof a[0];
int i;
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
printf("%d%s", a[i], i == n - 1 ? "\n" : " ");
selection_sort(a, n);
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
printf("%d%s", a[i], i == n - 1 ? "\n" : " ");
return 0;
}
|
Keep all operations the same but rewrite the snippet in C. | #include <algorithm>
#include <cassert>
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
int jacobi(int n, int k) {
assert(k > 0 && k % 2 == 1);
n %= k;
int t = 1;
while (n != 0) {
while (n % 2 == 0) {
n /= 2;
int r = k % 8;
if (r == 3 || r == 5)
t = -t;
}
std::swap(n, k);
if (n % 4 == 3 && k % 4 == 3)
t = -t;
n %= k;
}
return k == 1 ? t : 0;
}
void print_table(std::ostream& out, int kmax, int nmax) {
out << "n\\k|";
for (int k = 0; k <= kmax; ++k)
out << ' ' << std::setw(2) << k;
out << "\n----";
for (int k = 0; k <= kmax; ++k)
out << "---";
out << '\n';
for (int n = 1; n <= nmax; n += 2) {
out << std::setw(2) << n << " |";
for (int k = 0; k <= kmax; ++k)
out << ' ' << std::setw(2) << jacobi(k, n);
out << '\n';
}
}
int main() {
print_table(std::cout, 20, 21);
return 0;
}
| #include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#define SWAP(a, b) (((a) ^= (b)), ((b) ^= (a)), ((a) ^= (b)))
int jacobi(unsigned long a, unsigned long n) {
if (a >= n) a %= n;
int result = 1;
while (a) {
while ((a & 1) == 0) {
a >>= 1;
if ((n & 7) == 3 || (n & 7) == 5) result = -result;
}
SWAP(a, n);
if ((a & 3) == 3 && (n & 3) == 3) result = -result;
a %= n;
}
if (n == 1) return result;
return 0;
}
void print_table(unsigned kmax, unsigned nmax) {
printf("n\\k|");
for (int k = 0; k <= kmax; ++k) printf("%'3u", k);
printf("\n----");
for (int k = 0; k <= kmax; ++k) printf("---");
putchar('\n');
for (int n = 1; n <= nmax; n += 2) {
printf("%-2u |", n);
for (int k = 0; k <= kmax; ++k)
printf("%'3d", jacobi(k, n));
putchar('\n');
}
}
int main() {
print_table(20, 21);
return 0;
}
|
Ensure the translated C code behaves exactly like the original C++ snippet. | #include <algorithm>
#include <cassert>
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
int jacobi(int n, int k) {
assert(k > 0 && k % 2 == 1);
n %= k;
int t = 1;
while (n != 0) {
while (n % 2 == 0) {
n /= 2;
int r = k % 8;
if (r == 3 || r == 5)
t = -t;
}
std::swap(n, k);
if (n % 4 == 3 && k % 4 == 3)
t = -t;
n %= k;
}
return k == 1 ? t : 0;
}
void print_table(std::ostream& out, int kmax, int nmax) {
out << "n\\k|";
for (int k = 0; k <= kmax; ++k)
out << ' ' << std::setw(2) << k;
out << "\n----";
for (int k = 0; k <= kmax; ++k)
out << "---";
out << '\n';
for (int n = 1; n <= nmax; n += 2) {
out << std::setw(2) << n << " |";
for (int k = 0; k <= kmax; ++k)
out << ' ' << std::setw(2) << jacobi(k, n);
out << '\n';
}
}
int main() {
print_table(std::cout, 20, 21);
return 0;
}
| #include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#define SWAP(a, b) (((a) ^= (b)), ((b) ^= (a)), ((a) ^= (b)))
int jacobi(unsigned long a, unsigned long n) {
if (a >= n) a %= n;
int result = 1;
while (a) {
while ((a & 1) == 0) {
a >>= 1;
if ((n & 7) == 3 || (n & 7) == 5) result = -result;
}
SWAP(a, n);
if ((a & 3) == 3 && (n & 3) == 3) result = -result;
a %= n;
}
if (n == 1) return result;
return 0;
}
void print_table(unsigned kmax, unsigned nmax) {
printf("n\\k|");
for (int k = 0; k <= kmax; ++k) printf("%'3u", k);
printf("\n----");
for (int k = 0; k <= kmax; ++k) printf("---");
putchar('\n');
for (int n = 1; n <= nmax; n += 2) {
printf("%-2u |", n);
for (int k = 0; k <= kmax; ++k)
printf("%'3d", jacobi(k, n));
putchar('\n');
}
}
int main() {
print_table(20, 21);
return 0;
}
|
Change the programming language of this snippet from C++ to C without modifying what it does. | #include <algorithm>
#include <cassert>
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
int jacobi(int n, int k) {
assert(k > 0 && k % 2 == 1);
n %= k;
int t = 1;
while (n != 0) {
while (n % 2 == 0) {
n /= 2;
int r = k % 8;
if (r == 3 || r == 5)
t = -t;
}
std::swap(n, k);
if (n % 4 == 3 && k % 4 == 3)
t = -t;
n %= k;
}
return k == 1 ? t : 0;
}
void print_table(std::ostream& out, int kmax, int nmax) {
out << "n\\k|";
for (int k = 0; k <= kmax; ++k)
out << ' ' << std::setw(2) << k;
out << "\n----";
for (int k = 0; k <= kmax; ++k)
out << "---";
out << '\n';
for (int n = 1; n <= nmax; n += 2) {
out << std::setw(2) << n << " |";
for (int k = 0; k <= kmax; ++k)
out << ' ' << std::setw(2) << jacobi(k, n);
out << '\n';
}
}
int main() {
print_table(std::cout, 20, 21);
return 0;
}
| #include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#define SWAP(a, b) (((a) ^= (b)), ((b) ^= (a)), ((a) ^= (b)))
int jacobi(unsigned long a, unsigned long n) {
if (a >= n) a %= n;
int result = 1;
while (a) {
while ((a & 1) == 0) {
a >>= 1;
if ((n & 7) == 3 || (n & 7) == 5) result = -result;
}
SWAP(a, n);
if ((a & 3) == 3 && (n & 3) == 3) result = -result;
a %= n;
}
if (n == 1) return result;
return 0;
}
void print_table(unsigned kmax, unsigned nmax) {
printf("n\\k|");
for (int k = 0; k <= kmax; ++k) printf("%'3u", k);
printf("\n----");
for (int k = 0; k <= kmax; ++k) printf("---");
putchar('\n');
for (int n = 1; n <= nmax; n += 2) {
printf("%-2u |", n);
for (int k = 0; k <= kmax; ++k)
printf("%'3d", jacobi(k, n));
putchar('\n');
}
}
int main() {
print_table(20, 21);
return 0;
}
|
Rewrite the snippet below in C so it works the same as the original C++ code. | #include <algorithm>
#include <array>
#include <cmath>
#include <iostream>
#include <random>
#include <vector>
template<typename coordinate_type, size_t dimensions>
class point {
public:
point(std::array<coordinate_type, dimensions> c) : coords_(c) {}
point(std::initializer_list<coordinate_type> list) {
size_t n = std::min(dimensions, list.size());
std::copy_n(list.begin(), n, coords_.begin());
}
coordinate_type get(size_t index) const {
return coords_[index];
}
double distance(const point& pt) const {
double dist = 0;
for (size_t i = 0; i < dimensions; ++i) {
double d = get(i) - pt.get(i);
dist += d * d;
}
return dist;
}
private:
std::array<coordinate_type, dimensions> coords_;
};
template<typename coordinate_type, size_t dimensions>
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const point<coordinate_type, dimensions>& pt) {
out << '(';
for (size_t i = 0; i < dimensions; ++i) {
if (i > 0)
out << ", ";
out << pt.get(i);
}
out << ')';
return out;
}
template<typename coordinate_type, size_t dimensions>
class kdtree {
public:
typedef point<coordinate_type, dimensions> point_type;
private:
struct node {
node(const point_type& pt) : point_(pt), left_(nullptr), right_(nullptr) {}
coordinate_type get(size_t index) const {
return point_.get(index);
}
double distance(const point_type& pt) const {
return point_.distance(pt);
}
point_type point_;
node* left_;
node* right_;
};
node* root_ = nullptr;
node* best_ = nullptr;
double best_dist_ = 0;
size_t visited_ = 0;
std::vector<node> nodes_;
struct node_cmp {
node_cmp(size_t index) : index_(index) {}
bool operator()(const node& n1, const node& n2) const {
return n1.point_.get(index_) < n2.point_.get(index_);
}
size_t index_;
};
node* make_tree(size_t begin, size_t end, size_t index) {
if (end <= begin)
return nullptr;
size_t n = begin + (end - begin)/2;
auto i = nodes_.begin();
std::nth_element(i + begin, i + n, i + end, node_cmp(index));
index = (index + 1) % dimensions;
nodes_[n].left_ = make_tree(begin, n, index);
nodes_[n].right_ = make_tree(n + 1, end, index);
return &nodes_[n];
}
void nearest(node* root, const point_type& point, size_t index) {
if (root == nullptr)
return;
++visited_;
double d = root->distance(point);
if (best_ == nullptr || d < best_dist_) {
best_dist_ = d;
best_ = root;
}
if (best_dist_ == 0)
return;
double dx = root->get(index) - point.get(index);
index = (index + 1) % dimensions;
nearest(dx > 0 ? root->left_ : root->right_, point, index);
if (dx * dx >= best_dist_)
return;
nearest(dx > 0 ? root->right_ : root->left_, point, index);
}
public:
kdtree(const kdtree&) = delete;
kdtree& operator=(const kdtree&) = delete;
template<typename iterator>
kdtree(iterator begin, iterator end) : nodes_(begin, end) {
root_ = make_tree(0, nodes_.size(), 0);
}
template<typename func>
kdtree(func&& f, size_t n) {
nodes_.reserve(n);
for (size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i)
nodes_.push_back(f());
root_ = make_tree(0, nodes_.size(), 0);
}
bool empty() const { return nodes_.empty(); }
size_t visited() const { return visited_; }
double distance() const { return std::sqrt(best_dist_); }
const point_type& nearest(const point_type& pt) {
if (root_ == nullptr)
throw std::logic_error("tree is empty");
best_ = nullptr;
visited_ = 0;
best_dist_ = 0;
nearest(root_, pt, 0);
return best_->point_;
}
};
void test_wikipedia() {
typedef point<int, 2> point2d;
typedef kdtree<int, 2> tree2d;
point2d points[] = { { 2, 3 }, { 5, 4 }, { 9, 6 }, { 4, 7 }, { 8, 1 }, { 7, 2 } };
tree2d tree(std::begin(points), std::end(points));
point2d n = tree.nearest({ 9, 2 });
std::cout << "Wikipedia example data:\n";
std::cout << "nearest point: " << n << '\n';
std::cout << "distance: " << tree.distance() << '\n';
std::cout << "nodes visited: " << tree.visited() << '\n';
}
typedef point<double, 3> point3d;
typedef kdtree<double, 3> tree3d;
struct random_point_generator {
random_point_generator(double min, double max)
: engine_(std::random_device()()), distribution_(min, max) {}
point3d operator()() {
double x = distribution_(engine_);
double y = distribution_(engine_);
double z = distribution_(engine_);
return point3d({x, y, z});
}
std::mt19937 engine_;
std::uniform_real_distribution<double> distribution_;
};
void test_random(size_t count) {
random_point_generator rpg(0, 1);
tree3d tree(rpg, count);
point3d pt(rpg());
point3d n = tree.nearest(pt);
std::cout << "Random data (" << count << " points):\n";
std::cout << "point: " << pt << '\n';
std::cout << "nearest point: " << n << '\n';
std::cout << "distance: " << tree.distance() << '\n';
std::cout << "nodes visited: " << tree.visited() << '\n';
}
int main() {
try {
test_wikipedia();
std::cout << '\n';
test_random(1000);
std::cout << '\n';
test_random(1000000);
} catch (const std::exception& e) {
std::cerr << e.what() << '\n';
}
return 0;
}
| #include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <time.h>
#define MAX_DIM 3
struct kd_node_t{
double x[MAX_DIM];
struct kd_node_t *left, *right;
};
inline double
dist(struct kd_node_t *a, struct kd_node_t *b, int dim)
{
double t, d = 0;
while (dim--) {
t = a->x[dim] - b->x[dim];
d += t * t;
}
return d;
}
inline void swap(struct kd_node_t *x, struct kd_node_t *y) {
double tmp[MAX_DIM];
memcpy(tmp, x->x, sizeof(tmp));
memcpy(x->x, y->x, sizeof(tmp));
memcpy(y->x, tmp, sizeof(tmp));
}
struct kd_node_t*
find_median(struct kd_node_t *start, struct kd_node_t *end, int idx)
{
if (end <= start) return NULL;
if (end == start + 1)
return start;
struct kd_node_t *p, *store, *md = start + (end - start) / 2;
double pivot;
while (1) {
pivot = md->x[idx];
swap(md, end - 1);
for (store = p = start; p < end; p++) {
if (p->x[idx] < pivot) {
if (p != store)
swap(p, store);
store++;
}
}
swap(store, end - 1);
if (store->x[idx] == md->x[idx])
return md;
if (store > md) end = store;
else start = store;
}
}
struct kd_node_t*
make_tree(struct kd_node_t *t, int len, int i, int dim)
{
struct kd_node_t *n;
if (!len) return 0;
if ((n = find_median(t, t + len, i))) {
i = (i + 1) % dim;
n->left = make_tree(t, n - t, i, dim);
n->right = make_tree(n + 1, t + len - (n + 1), i, dim);
}
return n;
}
int visited;
void nearest(struct kd_node_t *root, struct kd_node_t *nd, int i, int dim,
struct kd_node_t **best, double *best_dist)
{
double d, dx, dx2;
if (!root) return;
d = dist(root, nd, dim);
dx = root->x[i] - nd->x[i];
dx2 = dx * dx;
visited ++;
if (!*best || d < *best_dist) {
*best_dist = d;
*best = root;
}
if (!*best_dist) return;
if (++i >= dim) i = 0;
nearest(dx > 0 ? root->left : root->right, nd, i, dim, best, best_dist);
if (dx2 >= *best_dist) return;
nearest(dx > 0 ? root->right : root->left, nd, i, dim, best, best_dist);
}
#define N 1000000
#define rand1() (rand() / (double)RAND_MAX)
#define rand_pt(v) { v.x[0] = rand1(); v.x[1] = rand1(); v.x[2] = rand1(); }
int main(void)
{
int i;
struct kd_node_t wp[] = {
{{2, 3}}, {{5, 4}}, {{9, 6}}, {{4, 7}}, {{8, 1}}, {{7, 2}}
};
struct kd_node_t testNode = {{9, 2}};
struct kd_node_t *root, *found, *million;
double best_dist;
root = make_tree(wp, sizeof(wp) / sizeof(wp[1]), 0, 2);
visited = 0;
found = 0;
nearest(root, &testNode, 0, 2, &found, &best_dist);
printf(">> WP tree\nsearching for (%g, %g)\n"
"found (%g, %g) dist %g\nseen %d nodes\n\n",
testNode.x[0], testNode.x[1],
found->x[0], found->x[1], sqrt(best_dist), visited);
million =(struct kd_node_t*) calloc(N, sizeof(struct kd_node_t));
srand(time(0));
for (i = 0; i < N; i++) rand_pt(million[i]);
root = make_tree(million, N, 0, 3);
rand_pt(testNode);
visited = 0;
found = 0;
nearest(root, &testNode, 0, 3, &found, &best_dist);
printf(">> Million tree\nsearching for (%g, %g, %g)\n"
"found (%g, %g, %g) dist %g\nseen %d nodes\n",
testNode.x[0], testNode.x[1], testNode.x[2],
found->x[0], found->x[1], found->x[2],
sqrt(best_dist), visited);
int sum = 0, test_runs = 100000;
for (i = 0; i < test_runs; i++) {
found = 0;
visited = 0;
rand_pt(testNode);
nearest(root, &testNode, 0, 3, &found, &best_dist);
sum += visited;
}
printf("\n>> Million tree\n"
"visited %d nodes for %d random findings (%f per lookup)\n",
sum, test_runs, sum/(double)test_runs);
return 0;
}
|
Rewrite the snippet below in C so it works the same as the original C++ code. | #include <algorithm>
#include <array>
#include <cmath>
#include <iostream>
#include <random>
#include <vector>
template<typename coordinate_type, size_t dimensions>
class point {
public:
point(std::array<coordinate_type, dimensions> c) : coords_(c) {}
point(std::initializer_list<coordinate_type> list) {
size_t n = std::min(dimensions, list.size());
std::copy_n(list.begin(), n, coords_.begin());
}
coordinate_type get(size_t index) const {
return coords_[index];
}
double distance(const point& pt) const {
double dist = 0;
for (size_t i = 0; i < dimensions; ++i) {
double d = get(i) - pt.get(i);
dist += d * d;
}
return dist;
}
private:
std::array<coordinate_type, dimensions> coords_;
};
template<typename coordinate_type, size_t dimensions>
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const point<coordinate_type, dimensions>& pt) {
out << '(';
for (size_t i = 0; i < dimensions; ++i) {
if (i > 0)
out << ", ";
out << pt.get(i);
}
out << ')';
return out;
}
template<typename coordinate_type, size_t dimensions>
class kdtree {
public:
typedef point<coordinate_type, dimensions> point_type;
private:
struct node {
node(const point_type& pt) : point_(pt), left_(nullptr), right_(nullptr) {}
coordinate_type get(size_t index) const {
return point_.get(index);
}
double distance(const point_type& pt) const {
return point_.distance(pt);
}
point_type point_;
node* left_;
node* right_;
};
node* root_ = nullptr;
node* best_ = nullptr;
double best_dist_ = 0;
size_t visited_ = 0;
std::vector<node> nodes_;
struct node_cmp {
node_cmp(size_t index) : index_(index) {}
bool operator()(const node& n1, const node& n2) const {
return n1.point_.get(index_) < n2.point_.get(index_);
}
size_t index_;
};
node* make_tree(size_t begin, size_t end, size_t index) {
if (end <= begin)
return nullptr;
size_t n = begin + (end - begin)/2;
auto i = nodes_.begin();
std::nth_element(i + begin, i + n, i + end, node_cmp(index));
index = (index + 1) % dimensions;
nodes_[n].left_ = make_tree(begin, n, index);
nodes_[n].right_ = make_tree(n + 1, end, index);
return &nodes_[n];
}
void nearest(node* root, const point_type& point, size_t index) {
if (root == nullptr)
return;
++visited_;
double d = root->distance(point);
if (best_ == nullptr || d < best_dist_) {
best_dist_ = d;
best_ = root;
}
if (best_dist_ == 0)
return;
double dx = root->get(index) - point.get(index);
index = (index + 1) % dimensions;
nearest(dx > 0 ? root->left_ : root->right_, point, index);
if (dx * dx >= best_dist_)
return;
nearest(dx > 0 ? root->right_ : root->left_, point, index);
}
public:
kdtree(const kdtree&) = delete;
kdtree& operator=(const kdtree&) = delete;
template<typename iterator>
kdtree(iterator begin, iterator end) : nodes_(begin, end) {
root_ = make_tree(0, nodes_.size(), 0);
}
template<typename func>
kdtree(func&& f, size_t n) {
nodes_.reserve(n);
for (size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i)
nodes_.push_back(f());
root_ = make_tree(0, nodes_.size(), 0);
}
bool empty() const { return nodes_.empty(); }
size_t visited() const { return visited_; }
double distance() const { return std::sqrt(best_dist_); }
const point_type& nearest(const point_type& pt) {
if (root_ == nullptr)
throw std::logic_error("tree is empty");
best_ = nullptr;
visited_ = 0;
best_dist_ = 0;
nearest(root_, pt, 0);
return best_->point_;
}
};
void test_wikipedia() {
typedef point<int, 2> point2d;
typedef kdtree<int, 2> tree2d;
point2d points[] = { { 2, 3 }, { 5, 4 }, { 9, 6 }, { 4, 7 }, { 8, 1 }, { 7, 2 } };
tree2d tree(std::begin(points), std::end(points));
point2d n = tree.nearest({ 9, 2 });
std::cout << "Wikipedia example data:\n";
std::cout << "nearest point: " << n << '\n';
std::cout << "distance: " << tree.distance() << '\n';
std::cout << "nodes visited: " << tree.visited() << '\n';
}
typedef point<double, 3> point3d;
typedef kdtree<double, 3> tree3d;
struct random_point_generator {
random_point_generator(double min, double max)
: engine_(std::random_device()()), distribution_(min, max) {}
point3d operator()() {
double x = distribution_(engine_);
double y = distribution_(engine_);
double z = distribution_(engine_);
return point3d({x, y, z});
}
std::mt19937 engine_;
std::uniform_real_distribution<double> distribution_;
};
void test_random(size_t count) {
random_point_generator rpg(0, 1);
tree3d tree(rpg, count);
point3d pt(rpg());
point3d n = tree.nearest(pt);
std::cout << "Random data (" << count << " points):\n";
std::cout << "point: " << pt << '\n';
std::cout << "nearest point: " << n << '\n';
std::cout << "distance: " << tree.distance() << '\n';
std::cout << "nodes visited: " << tree.visited() << '\n';
}
int main() {
try {
test_wikipedia();
std::cout << '\n';
test_random(1000);
std::cout << '\n';
test_random(1000000);
} catch (const std::exception& e) {
std::cerr << e.what() << '\n';
}
return 0;
}
| #include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <time.h>
#define MAX_DIM 3
struct kd_node_t{
double x[MAX_DIM];
struct kd_node_t *left, *right;
};
inline double
dist(struct kd_node_t *a, struct kd_node_t *b, int dim)
{
double t, d = 0;
while (dim--) {
t = a->x[dim] - b->x[dim];
d += t * t;
}
return d;
}
inline void swap(struct kd_node_t *x, struct kd_node_t *y) {
double tmp[MAX_DIM];
memcpy(tmp, x->x, sizeof(tmp));
memcpy(x->x, y->x, sizeof(tmp));
memcpy(y->x, tmp, sizeof(tmp));
}
struct kd_node_t*
find_median(struct kd_node_t *start, struct kd_node_t *end, int idx)
{
if (end <= start) return NULL;
if (end == start + 1)
return start;
struct kd_node_t *p, *store, *md = start + (end - start) / 2;
double pivot;
while (1) {
pivot = md->x[idx];
swap(md, end - 1);
for (store = p = start; p < end; p++) {
if (p->x[idx] < pivot) {
if (p != store)
swap(p, store);
store++;
}
}
swap(store, end - 1);
if (store->x[idx] == md->x[idx])
return md;
if (store > md) end = store;
else start = store;
}
}
struct kd_node_t*
make_tree(struct kd_node_t *t, int len, int i, int dim)
{
struct kd_node_t *n;
if (!len) return 0;
if ((n = find_median(t, t + len, i))) {
i = (i + 1) % dim;
n->left = make_tree(t, n - t, i, dim);
n->right = make_tree(n + 1, t + len - (n + 1), i, dim);
}
return n;
}
int visited;
void nearest(struct kd_node_t *root, struct kd_node_t *nd, int i, int dim,
struct kd_node_t **best, double *best_dist)
{
double d, dx, dx2;
if (!root) return;
d = dist(root, nd, dim);
dx = root->x[i] - nd->x[i];
dx2 = dx * dx;
visited ++;
if (!*best || d < *best_dist) {
*best_dist = d;
*best = root;
}
if (!*best_dist) return;
if (++i >= dim) i = 0;
nearest(dx > 0 ? root->left : root->right, nd, i, dim, best, best_dist);
if (dx2 >= *best_dist) return;
nearest(dx > 0 ? root->right : root->left, nd, i, dim, best, best_dist);
}
#define N 1000000
#define rand1() (rand() / (double)RAND_MAX)
#define rand_pt(v) { v.x[0] = rand1(); v.x[1] = rand1(); v.x[2] = rand1(); }
int main(void)
{
int i;
struct kd_node_t wp[] = {
{{2, 3}}, {{5, 4}}, {{9, 6}}, {{4, 7}}, {{8, 1}}, {{7, 2}}
};
struct kd_node_t testNode = {{9, 2}};
struct kd_node_t *root, *found, *million;
double best_dist;
root = make_tree(wp, sizeof(wp) / sizeof(wp[1]), 0, 2);
visited = 0;
found = 0;
nearest(root, &testNode, 0, 2, &found, &best_dist);
printf(">> WP tree\nsearching for (%g, %g)\n"
"found (%g, %g) dist %g\nseen %d nodes\n\n",
testNode.x[0], testNode.x[1],
found->x[0], found->x[1], sqrt(best_dist), visited);
million =(struct kd_node_t*) calloc(N, sizeof(struct kd_node_t));
srand(time(0));
for (i = 0; i < N; i++) rand_pt(million[i]);
root = make_tree(million, N, 0, 3);
rand_pt(testNode);
visited = 0;
found = 0;
nearest(root, &testNode, 0, 3, &found, &best_dist);
printf(">> Million tree\nsearching for (%g, %g, %g)\n"
"found (%g, %g, %g) dist %g\nseen %d nodes\n",
testNode.x[0], testNode.x[1], testNode.x[2],
found->x[0], found->x[1], found->x[2],
sqrt(best_dist), visited);
int sum = 0, test_runs = 100000;
for (i = 0; i < test_runs; i++) {
found = 0;
visited = 0;
rand_pt(testNode);
nearest(root, &testNode, 0, 3, &found, &best_dist);
sum += visited;
}
printf("\n>> Million tree\n"
"visited %d nodes for %d random findings (%f per lookup)\n",
sum, test_runs, sum/(double)test_runs);
return 0;
}
|
Change the programming language of this snippet from C++ to C without modifying what it does. | #include <algorithm>
#include <array>
#include <cmath>
#include <iostream>
#include <random>
#include <vector>
template<typename coordinate_type, size_t dimensions>
class point {
public:
point(std::array<coordinate_type, dimensions> c) : coords_(c) {}
point(std::initializer_list<coordinate_type> list) {
size_t n = std::min(dimensions, list.size());
std::copy_n(list.begin(), n, coords_.begin());
}
coordinate_type get(size_t index) const {
return coords_[index];
}
double distance(const point& pt) const {
double dist = 0;
for (size_t i = 0; i < dimensions; ++i) {
double d = get(i) - pt.get(i);
dist += d * d;
}
return dist;
}
private:
std::array<coordinate_type, dimensions> coords_;
};
template<typename coordinate_type, size_t dimensions>
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const point<coordinate_type, dimensions>& pt) {
out << '(';
for (size_t i = 0; i < dimensions; ++i) {
if (i > 0)
out << ", ";
out << pt.get(i);
}
out << ')';
return out;
}
template<typename coordinate_type, size_t dimensions>
class kdtree {
public:
typedef point<coordinate_type, dimensions> point_type;
private:
struct node {
node(const point_type& pt) : point_(pt), left_(nullptr), right_(nullptr) {}
coordinate_type get(size_t index) const {
return point_.get(index);
}
double distance(const point_type& pt) const {
return point_.distance(pt);
}
point_type point_;
node* left_;
node* right_;
};
node* root_ = nullptr;
node* best_ = nullptr;
double best_dist_ = 0;
size_t visited_ = 0;
std::vector<node> nodes_;
struct node_cmp {
node_cmp(size_t index) : index_(index) {}
bool operator()(const node& n1, const node& n2) const {
return n1.point_.get(index_) < n2.point_.get(index_);
}
size_t index_;
};
node* make_tree(size_t begin, size_t end, size_t index) {
if (end <= begin)
return nullptr;
size_t n = begin + (end - begin)/2;
auto i = nodes_.begin();
std::nth_element(i + begin, i + n, i + end, node_cmp(index));
index = (index + 1) % dimensions;
nodes_[n].left_ = make_tree(begin, n, index);
nodes_[n].right_ = make_tree(n + 1, end, index);
return &nodes_[n];
}
void nearest(node* root, const point_type& point, size_t index) {
if (root == nullptr)
return;
++visited_;
double d = root->distance(point);
if (best_ == nullptr || d < best_dist_) {
best_dist_ = d;
best_ = root;
}
if (best_dist_ == 0)
return;
double dx = root->get(index) - point.get(index);
index = (index + 1) % dimensions;
nearest(dx > 0 ? root->left_ : root->right_, point, index);
if (dx * dx >= best_dist_)
return;
nearest(dx > 0 ? root->right_ : root->left_, point, index);
}
public:
kdtree(const kdtree&) = delete;
kdtree& operator=(const kdtree&) = delete;
template<typename iterator>
kdtree(iterator begin, iterator end) : nodes_(begin, end) {
root_ = make_tree(0, nodes_.size(), 0);
}
template<typename func>
kdtree(func&& f, size_t n) {
nodes_.reserve(n);
for (size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i)
nodes_.push_back(f());
root_ = make_tree(0, nodes_.size(), 0);
}
bool empty() const { return nodes_.empty(); }
size_t visited() const { return visited_; }
double distance() const { return std::sqrt(best_dist_); }
const point_type& nearest(const point_type& pt) {
if (root_ == nullptr)
throw std::logic_error("tree is empty");
best_ = nullptr;
visited_ = 0;
best_dist_ = 0;
nearest(root_, pt, 0);
return best_->point_;
}
};
void test_wikipedia() {
typedef point<int, 2> point2d;
typedef kdtree<int, 2> tree2d;
point2d points[] = { { 2, 3 }, { 5, 4 }, { 9, 6 }, { 4, 7 }, { 8, 1 }, { 7, 2 } };
tree2d tree(std::begin(points), std::end(points));
point2d n = tree.nearest({ 9, 2 });
std::cout << "Wikipedia example data:\n";
std::cout << "nearest point: " << n << '\n';
std::cout << "distance: " << tree.distance() << '\n';
std::cout << "nodes visited: " << tree.visited() << '\n';
}
typedef point<double, 3> point3d;
typedef kdtree<double, 3> tree3d;
struct random_point_generator {
random_point_generator(double min, double max)
: engine_(std::random_device()()), distribution_(min, max) {}
point3d operator()() {
double x = distribution_(engine_);
double y = distribution_(engine_);
double z = distribution_(engine_);
return point3d({x, y, z});
}
std::mt19937 engine_;
std::uniform_real_distribution<double> distribution_;
};
void test_random(size_t count) {
random_point_generator rpg(0, 1);
tree3d tree(rpg, count);
point3d pt(rpg());
point3d n = tree.nearest(pt);
std::cout << "Random data (" << count << " points):\n";
std::cout << "point: " << pt << '\n';
std::cout << "nearest point: " << n << '\n';
std::cout << "distance: " << tree.distance() << '\n';
std::cout << "nodes visited: " << tree.visited() << '\n';
}
int main() {
try {
test_wikipedia();
std::cout << '\n';
test_random(1000);
std::cout << '\n';
test_random(1000000);
} catch (const std::exception& e) {
std::cerr << e.what() << '\n';
}
return 0;
}
| #include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <time.h>
#define MAX_DIM 3
struct kd_node_t{
double x[MAX_DIM];
struct kd_node_t *left, *right;
};
inline double
dist(struct kd_node_t *a, struct kd_node_t *b, int dim)
{
double t, d = 0;
while (dim--) {
t = a->x[dim] - b->x[dim];
d += t * t;
}
return d;
}
inline void swap(struct kd_node_t *x, struct kd_node_t *y) {
double tmp[MAX_DIM];
memcpy(tmp, x->x, sizeof(tmp));
memcpy(x->x, y->x, sizeof(tmp));
memcpy(y->x, tmp, sizeof(tmp));
}
struct kd_node_t*
find_median(struct kd_node_t *start, struct kd_node_t *end, int idx)
{
if (end <= start) return NULL;
if (end == start + 1)
return start;
struct kd_node_t *p, *store, *md = start + (end - start) / 2;
double pivot;
while (1) {
pivot = md->x[idx];
swap(md, end - 1);
for (store = p = start; p < end; p++) {
if (p->x[idx] < pivot) {
if (p != store)
swap(p, store);
store++;
}
}
swap(store, end - 1);
if (store->x[idx] == md->x[idx])
return md;
if (store > md) end = store;
else start = store;
}
}
struct kd_node_t*
make_tree(struct kd_node_t *t, int len, int i, int dim)
{
struct kd_node_t *n;
if (!len) return 0;
if ((n = find_median(t, t + len, i))) {
i = (i + 1) % dim;
n->left = make_tree(t, n - t, i, dim);
n->right = make_tree(n + 1, t + len - (n + 1), i, dim);
}
return n;
}
int visited;
void nearest(struct kd_node_t *root, struct kd_node_t *nd, int i, int dim,
struct kd_node_t **best, double *best_dist)
{
double d, dx, dx2;
if (!root) return;
d = dist(root, nd, dim);
dx = root->x[i] - nd->x[i];
dx2 = dx * dx;
visited ++;
if (!*best || d < *best_dist) {
*best_dist = d;
*best = root;
}
if (!*best_dist) return;
if (++i >= dim) i = 0;
nearest(dx > 0 ? root->left : root->right, nd, i, dim, best, best_dist);
if (dx2 >= *best_dist) return;
nearest(dx > 0 ? root->right : root->left, nd, i, dim, best, best_dist);
}
#define N 1000000
#define rand1() (rand() / (double)RAND_MAX)
#define rand_pt(v) { v.x[0] = rand1(); v.x[1] = rand1(); v.x[2] = rand1(); }
int main(void)
{
int i;
struct kd_node_t wp[] = {
{{2, 3}}, {{5, 4}}, {{9, 6}}, {{4, 7}}, {{8, 1}}, {{7, 2}}
};
struct kd_node_t testNode = {{9, 2}};
struct kd_node_t *root, *found, *million;
double best_dist;
root = make_tree(wp, sizeof(wp) / sizeof(wp[1]), 0, 2);
visited = 0;
found = 0;
nearest(root, &testNode, 0, 2, &found, &best_dist);
printf(">> WP tree\nsearching for (%g, %g)\n"
"found (%g, %g) dist %g\nseen %d nodes\n\n",
testNode.x[0], testNode.x[1],
found->x[0], found->x[1], sqrt(best_dist), visited);
million =(struct kd_node_t*) calloc(N, sizeof(struct kd_node_t));
srand(time(0));
for (i = 0; i < N; i++) rand_pt(million[i]);
root = make_tree(million, N, 0, 3);
rand_pt(testNode);
visited = 0;
found = 0;
nearest(root, &testNode, 0, 3, &found, &best_dist);
printf(">> Million tree\nsearching for (%g, %g, %g)\n"
"found (%g, %g, %g) dist %g\nseen %d nodes\n",
testNode.x[0], testNode.x[1], testNode.x[2],
found->x[0], found->x[1], found->x[2],
sqrt(best_dist), visited);
int sum = 0, test_runs = 100000;
for (i = 0; i < test_runs; i++) {
found = 0;
visited = 0;
rand_pt(testNode);
nearest(root, &testNode, 0, 3, &found, &best_dist);
sum += visited;
}
printf("\n>> Million tree\n"
"visited %d nodes for %d random findings (%f per lookup)\n",
sum, test_runs, sum/(double)test_runs);
return 0;
}
|
Write a version of this C++ function in C with identical behavior. | #include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
void print_square(int i) {
std::cout << i*i << " ";
}
int main() {
int ary[]={1,2,3,4,5};
std::for_each(ary,ary+5,print_square);
return 0;
}
| #ifndef CALLBACK_H
#define CALLBACK_H
void map(int* array, int len, void(*callback)(int,int));
#endif
|
Generate a C translation of this C++ snippet without changing its computational steps. | #include <stdexcept>
template <typename Self>
class singleton
{
protected:
static Self*
sentry;
public:
static Self&
instance()
{
return *sentry;
}
singleton()
{
if(sentry)
throw std::logic_error("Error: attempt to instantiate a singleton over a pre-existing one!");
sentry = (Self*)this;
}
virtual ~singleton()
{
if(sentry == this)
sentry = 0;
}
};
template <typename Self>
Self*
singleton<Self>::sentry = 0;
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace
std;
class controller : public singleton<controller>
{
public:
controller(string const& name)
: name(name)
{
trace("begin");
}
~controller()
{
trace("end");
}
void
work()
{
trace("doing stuff");
}
void
trace(string const& message)
{
cout << name << ": " << message << endl;
}
string
name;
};
int
main()
{
controller*
first = new controller("first");
controller::instance().work();
delete first;
controller
second("second");
controller::instance().work();
try
{
controller
goner("goner");
controller::instance().work();
}
catch(exception const& error)
{
cout << error.what() << endl;
}
controller::instance().work();
controller
goner("goner");
controller::instance().work();
}
| #ifndef SILLY_H
#define SILLY_H
extern void JumpOverTheDog( int numberOfTimes);
extern int PlayFetchWithDog( float weightOfStick);
#endif
|
Generate a C translation of this C++ snippet without changing its computational steps. | #include <iostream>
#include <tuple>
union conv {
int i;
float f;
};
float nextUp(float d) {
if (isnan(d) || d == -INFINITY || d == INFINITY) return d;
if (d == 0.0) return FLT_EPSILON;
conv c;
c.f = d;
c.i++;
return c.f;
}
float nextDown(float d) {
if (isnan(d) || d == -INFINITY || d == INFINITY) return d;
if (d == 0.0) return -FLT_EPSILON;
conv c;
c.f = d;
c.i--;
return c.f;
}
auto safeAdd(float a, float b) {
return std::make_tuple(nextDown(a + b), nextUp(a + b));
}
int main() {
float a = 1.20f;
float b = 0.03f;
auto result = safeAdd(a, b);
printf("(%f + %f) is in the range (%0.16f, %0.16f)\n", a, b, std::get<0>(result), std::get<1>(result));
return 0;
}
| #include <fenv.h>
#include <stdio.h>
void
safe_add(volatile double interval[2], volatile double a, volatile double b)
{
#pragma STDC FENV_ACCESS ON
unsigned int orig;
orig = fegetround();
fesetround(FE_DOWNWARD);
interval[0] = a + b;
fesetround(FE_UPWARD);
interval[1] = a + b;
fesetround(orig);
}
int
main()
{
const double nums[][2] = {
{1, 2},
{0.1, 0.2},
{1e100, 1e-100},
{1e308, 1e308},
};
double ival[2];
int i;
for (i = 0; i < sizeof(nums) / sizeof(nums[0]); i++) {
safe_add(ival, nums[i][0], nums[i][1]);
printf("%.17g + %.17g =\n", nums[i][0], nums[i][1]);
printf(" [%.17g, %.17g]\n", ival[0], ival[1]);
printf(" size %.17g\n\n", ival[1] - ival[0]);
}
return 0;
}
|
Change the following C++ code into C without altering its purpose. | #include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main() {
string dog = "Benjamin", Dog = "Samba", DOG = "Bernie";
cout << "The three dogs are named " << dog << ", " << Dog << ", and " << DOG << endl;
}
| #include <stdio.h>
static const char *dog = "Benjamin";
static const char *Dog = "Samba";
static const char *DOG = "Bernie";
int main()
{
printf("The three dogs are named %s, %s and %s.\n", dog, Dog, DOG);
return 0;
}
|
Can you help me rewrite this code in C instead of C++, keeping it the same logically? | for(int i = 10; i >= 0; --i)
std::cout << i << "\n";
| int i;
for(i = 10; i >= 0; --i)
printf("%d\n",i);
|
Convert the following code from C++ to C, ensuring the logic remains intact. | #include <fstream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
ofstream file("new.txt");
file << "this is a string";
file.close();
return 0;
}
|
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
return 0 >= fputs("ANY STRING TO WRITE TO A FILE AT ONCE.",
freopen("sample.txt","wb",stdout));
}
|
Rewrite this program in C while keeping its functionality equivalent to the C++ version. | for(int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) {
for(int j = 0; j < i; ++j)
std::cout.put('*');
std::cout.put('\n');
}
| int i, j;
for (i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
for (j = 1; j <= i; j++)
putchar('*');
puts("");
}
|
Generate an equivalent C version of this C++ code. | #include <iostream>
#include <cstdint>
typedef uint64_t integer;
integer reverse(integer n) {
integer rev = 0;
while (n > 0) {
rev = rev * 10 + (n % 10);
n /= 10;
}
return rev;
}
class palindrome_generator {
public:
palindrome_generator(int digit) : power_(10), next_(digit * power_ - 1),
digit_(digit), even_(false) {}
integer next_palindrome() {
++next_;
if (next_ == power_ * (digit_ + 1)) {
if (even_)
power_ *= 10;
next_ = digit_ * power_;
even_ = !even_;
}
return next_ * (even_ ? 10 * power_ : power_)
+ reverse(even_ ? next_ : next_/10);
}
private:
integer power_;
integer next_;
int digit_;
bool even_;
};
bool gapful(integer n) {
integer m = n;
while (m >= 10)
m /= 10;
return n % (n % 10 + 10 * m) == 0;
}
template<size_t len>
void print(integer (&array)[9][len]) {
for (int digit = 1; digit < 10; ++digit) {
std::cout << digit << ":";
for (int i = 0; i < len; ++i)
std::cout << ' ' << array[digit - 1][i];
std::cout << '\n';
}
}
int main() {
const int n1 = 20, n2 = 15, n3 = 10;
const int m1 = 100, m2 = 1000;
integer pg1[9][n1];
integer pg2[9][n2];
integer pg3[9][n3];
for (int digit = 1; digit < 10; ++digit) {
palindrome_generator pgen(digit);
for (int i = 0; i < m2; ) {
integer n = pgen.next_palindrome();
if (!gapful(n))
continue;
if (i < n1)
pg1[digit - 1][i] = n;
else if (i < m1 && i >= m1 - n2)
pg2[digit - 1][i - (m1 - n2)] = n;
else if (i >= m2 - n3)
pg3[digit - 1][i - (m2 - n3)] = n;
++i;
}
}
std::cout << "First " << n1 << " palindromic gapful numbers ending in:\n";
print(pg1);
std::cout << "\nLast " << n2 << " of first " << m1 << " palindromic gapful numbers ending in:\n";
print(pg2);
std::cout << "\nLast " << n3 << " of first " << m2 << " palindromic gapful numbers ending in:\n";
print(pg3);
return 0;
}
| #include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdint.h>
typedef uint64_t integer;
integer reverse(integer n) {
integer rev = 0;
while (n > 0) {
rev = rev * 10 + (n % 10);
n /= 10;
}
return rev;
}
typedef struct palgen_tag {
integer power;
integer next;
int digit;
bool even;
} palgen_t;
void init_palgen(palgen_t* palgen, int digit) {
palgen->power = 10;
palgen->next = digit * palgen->power - 1;
palgen->digit = digit;
palgen->even = false;
}
integer next_palindrome(palgen_t* p) {
++p->next;
if (p->next == p->power * (p->digit + 1)) {
if (p->even)
p->power *= 10;
p->next = p->digit * p->power;
p->even = !p->even;
}
return p->next * (p->even ? 10 * p->power : p->power)
+ reverse(p->even ? p->next : p->next/10);
}
bool gapful(integer n) {
integer m = n;
while (m >= 10)
m /= 10;
return n % (n % 10 + 10 * m) == 0;
}
void print(int len, integer array[][len]) {
for (int digit = 1; digit < 10; ++digit) {
printf("%d: ", digit);
for (int i = 0; i < len; ++i)
printf(" %llu", array[digit - 1][i]);
printf("\n");
}
}
int main() {
const int n1 = 20, n2 = 15, n3 = 10;
const int m1 = 100, m2 = 1000;
integer pg1[9][n1];
integer pg2[9][n2];
integer pg3[9][n3];
for (int digit = 1; digit < 10; ++digit) {
palgen_t pgen;
init_palgen(&pgen, digit);
for (int i = 0; i < m2; ) {
integer n = next_palindrome(&pgen);
if (!gapful(n))
continue;
if (i < n1)
pg1[digit - 1][i] = n;
else if (i < m1 && i >= m1 - n2)
pg2[digit - 1][i - (m1 - n2)] = n;
else if (i >= m2 - n3)
pg3[digit - 1][i - (m2 - n3)] = n;
++i;
}
}
printf("First %d palindromic gapful numbers ending in:\n", n1);
print(n1, pg1);
printf("\nLast %d of first %d palindromic gapful numbers ending in:\n", n2, m1);
print(n2, pg2);
printf("\nLast %d of first %d palindromic gapful numbers ending in:\n", n3, m2);
print(n3, pg3);
return 0;
}
|
Generate a C translation of this C++ snippet without changing its computational steps. | #include <iostream>
#include <cstdint>
typedef uint64_t integer;
integer reverse(integer n) {
integer rev = 0;
while (n > 0) {
rev = rev * 10 + (n % 10);
n /= 10;
}
return rev;
}
class palindrome_generator {
public:
palindrome_generator(int digit) : power_(10), next_(digit * power_ - 1),
digit_(digit), even_(false) {}
integer next_palindrome() {
++next_;
if (next_ == power_ * (digit_ + 1)) {
if (even_)
power_ *= 10;
next_ = digit_ * power_;
even_ = !even_;
}
return next_ * (even_ ? 10 * power_ : power_)
+ reverse(even_ ? next_ : next_/10);
}
private:
integer power_;
integer next_;
int digit_;
bool even_;
};
bool gapful(integer n) {
integer m = n;
while (m >= 10)
m /= 10;
return n % (n % 10 + 10 * m) == 0;
}
template<size_t len>
void print(integer (&array)[9][len]) {
for (int digit = 1; digit < 10; ++digit) {
std::cout << digit << ":";
for (int i = 0; i < len; ++i)
std::cout << ' ' << array[digit - 1][i];
std::cout << '\n';
}
}
int main() {
const int n1 = 20, n2 = 15, n3 = 10;
const int m1 = 100, m2 = 1000;
integer pg1[9][n1];
integer pg2[9][n2];
integer pg3[9][n3];
for (int digit = 1; digit < 10; ++digit) {
palindrome_generator pgen(digit);
for (int i = 0; i < m2; ) {
integer n = pgen.next_palindrome();
if (!gapful(n))
continue;
if (i < n1)
pg1[digit - 1][i] = n;
else if (i < m1 && i >= m1 - n2)
pg2[digit - 1][i - (m1 - n2)] = n;
else if (i >= m2 - n3)
pg3[digit - 1][i - (m2 - n3)] = n;
++i;
}
}
std::cout << "First " << n1 << " palindromic gapful numbers ending in:\n";
print(pg1);
std::cout << "\nLast " << n2 << " of first " << m1 << " palindromic gapful numbers ending in:\n";
print(pg2);
std::cout << "\nLast " << n3 << " of first " << m2 << " palindromic gapful numbers ending in:\n";
print(pg3);
return 0;
}
| #include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdint.h>
typedef uint64_t integer;
integer reverse(integer n) {
integer rev = 0;
while (n > 0) {
rev = rev * 10 + (n % 10);
n /= 10;
}
return rev;
}
typedef struct palgen_tag {
integer power;
integer next;
int digit;
bool even;
} palgen_t;
void init_palgen(palgen_t* palgen, int digit) {
palgen->power = 10;
palgen->next = digit * palgen->power - 1;
palgen->digit = digit;
palgen->even = false;
}
integer next_palindrome(palgen_t* p) {
++p->next;
if (p->next == p->power * (p->digit + 1)) {
if (p->even)
p->power *= 10;
p->next = p->digit * p->power;
p->even = !p->even;
}
return p->next * (p->even ? 10 * p->power : p->power)
+ reverse(p->even ? p->next : p->next/10);
}
bool gapful(integer n) {
integer m = n;
while (m >= 10)
m /= 10;
return n % (n % 10 + 10 * m) == 0;
}
void print(int len, integer array[][len]) {
for (int digit = 1; digit < 10; ++digit) {
printf("%d: ", digit);
for (int i = 0; i < len; ++i)
printf(" %llu", array[digit - 1][i]);
printf("\n");
}
}
int main() {
const int n1 = 20, n2 = 15, n3 = 10;
const int m1 = 100, m2 = 1000;
integer pg1[9][n1];
integer pg2[9][n2];
integer pg3[9][n3];
for (int digit = 1; digit < 10; ++digit) {
palgen_t pgen;
init_palgen(&pgen, digit);
for (int i = 0; i < m2; ) {
integer n = next_palindrome(&pgen);
if (!gapful(n))
continue;
if (i < n1)
pg1[digit - 1][i] = n;
else if (i < m1 && i >= m1 - n2)
pg2[digit - 1][i - (m1 - n2)] = n;
else if (i >= m2 - n3)
pg3[digit - 1][i - (m2 - n3)] = n;
++i;
}
}
printf("First %d palindromic gapful numbers ending in:\n", n1);
print(n1, pg1);
printf("\nLast %d of first %d palindromic gapful numbers ending in:\n", n2, m1);
print(n2, pg2);
printf("\nLast %d of first %d palindromic gapful numbers ending in:\n", n3, m2);
print(n3, pg3);
return 0;
}
|
Write the same code in C as shown below in C++. | #include <iostream>
#include <cstdint>
typedef uint64_t integer;
integer reverse(integer n) {
integer rev = 0;
while (n > 0) {
rev = rev * 10 + (n % 10);
n /= 10;
}
return rev;
}
class palindrome_generator {
public:
palindrome_generator(int digit) : power_(10), next_(digit * power_ - 1),
digit_(digit), even_(false) {}
integer next_palindrome() {
++next_;
if (next_ == power_ * (digit_ + 1)) {
if (even_)
power_ *= 10;
next_ = digit_ * power_;
even_ = !even_;
}
return next_ * (even_ ? 10 * power_ : power_)
+ reverse(even_ ? next_ : next_/10);
}
private:
integer power_;
integer next_;
int digit_;
bool even_;
};
bool gapful(integer n) {
integer m = n;
while (m >= 10)
m /= 10;
return n % (n % 10 + 10 * m) == 0;
}
template<size_t len>
void print(integer (&array)[9][len]) {
for (int digit = 1; digit < 10; ++digit) {
std::cout << digit << ":";
for (int i = 0; i < len; ++i)
std::cout << ' ' << array[digit - 1][i];
std::cout << '\n';
}
}
int main() {
const int n1 = 20, n2 = 15, n3 = 10;
const int m1 = 100, m2 = 1000;
integer pg1[9][n1];
integer pg2[9][n2];
integer pg3[9][n3];
for (int digit = 1; digit < 10; ++digit) {
palindrome_generator pgen(digit);
for (int i = 0; i < m2; ) {
integer n = pgen.next_palindrome();
if (!gapful(n))
continue;
if (i < n1)
pg1[digit - 1][i] = n;
else if (i < m1 && i >= m1 - n2)
pg2[digit - 1][i - (m1 - n2)] = n;
else if (i >= m2 - n3)
pg3[digit - 1][i - (m2 - n3)] = n;
++i;
}
}
std::cout << "First " << n1 << " palindromic gapful numbers ending in:\n";
print(pg1);
std::cout << "\nLast " << n2 << " of first " << m1 << " palindromic gapful numbers ending in:\n";
print(pg2);
std::cout << "\nLast " << n3 << " of first " << m2 << " palindromic gapful numbers ending in:\n";
print(pg3);
return 0;
}
| #include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdint.h>
typedef uint64_t integer;
integer reverse(integer n) {
integer rev = 0;
while (n > 0) {
rev = rev * 10 + (n % 10);
n /= 10;
}
return rev;
}
typedef struct palgen_tag {
integer power;
integer next;
int digit;
bool even;
} palgen_t;
void init_palgen(palgen_t* palgen, int digit) {
palgen->power = 10;
palgen->next = digit * palgen->power - 1;
palgen->digit = digit;
palgen->even = false;
}
integer next_palindrome(palgen_t* p) {
++p->next;
if (p->next == p->power * (p->digit + 1)) {
if (p->even)
p->power *= 10;
p->next = p->digit * p->power;
p->even = !p->even;
}
return p->next * (p->even ? 10 * p->power : p->power)
+ reverse(p->even ? p->next : p->next/10);
}
bool gapful(integer n) {
integer m = n;
while (m >= 10)
m /= 10;
return n % (n % 10 + 10 * m) == 0;
}
void print(int len, integer array[][len]) {
for (int digit = 1; digit < 10; ++digit) {
printf("%d: ", digit);
for (int i = 0; i < len; ++i)
printf(" %llu", array[digit - 1][i]);
printf("\n");
}
}
int main() {
const int n1 = 20, n2 = 15, n3 = 10;
const int m1 = 100, m2 = 1000;
integer pg1[9][n1];
integer pg2[9][n2];
integer pg3[9][n3];
for (int digit = 1; digit < 10; ++digit) {
palgen_t pgen;
init_palgen(&pgen, digit);
for (int i = 0; i < m2; ) {
integer n = next_palindrome(&pgen);
if (!gapful(n))
continue;
if (i < n1)
pg1[digit - 1][i] = n;
else if (i < m1 && i >= m1 - n2)
pg2[digit - 1][i - (m1 - n2)] = n;
else if (i >= m2 - n3)
pg3[digit - 1][i - (m2 - n3)] = n;
++i;
}
}
printf("First %d palindromic gapful numbers ending in:\n", n1);
print(n1, pg1);
printf("\nLast %d of first %d palindromic gapful numbers ending in:\n", n2, m1);
print(n2, pg2);
printf("\nLast %d of first %d palindromic gapful numbers ending in:\n", n3, m2);
print(n3, pg3);
return 0;
}
|
Convert this C++ block to C, preserving its control flow and logic. | #include <windows.h>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
const int BMP_SIZE = 612;
class myBitmap {
public:
myBitmap() : pen( NULL ), brush( NULL ), clr( 0 ), wid( 1 ) {}
~myBitmap() {
DeleteObject( pen ); DeleteObject( brush );
DeleteDC( hdc ); DeleteObject( bmp );
}
bool create( int w, int h ) {
BITMAPINFO bi;
ZeroMemory( &bi, sizeof( bi ) );
bi.bmiHeader.biSize = sizeof( bi.bmiHeader );
bi.bmiHeader.biBitCount = sizeof( DWORD ) * 8;
bi.bmiHeader.biCompression = BI_RGB;
bi.bmiHeader.biPlanes = 1;
bi.bmiHeader.biWidth = w;
bi.bmiHeader.biHeight = -h;
HDC dc = GetDC( GetConsoleWindow() );
bmp = CreateDIBSection( dc, &bi, DIB_RGB_COLORS, &pBits, NULL, 0 );
if( !bmp ) return false;
hdc = CreateCompatibleDC( dc );
SelectObject( hdc, bmp );
ReleaseDC( GetConsoleWindow(), dc );
width = w; height = h;
return true;
}
void clear( BYTE clr = 0 ) {
memset( pBits, clr, width * height * sizeof( DWORD ) );
}
void setBrushColor( DWORD bClr ) {
if( brush ) DeleteObject( brush );
brush = CreateSolidBrush( bClr );
SelectObject( hdc, brush );
}
void setPenColor( DWORD c ) {
clr = c; createPen();
}
void setPenWidth( int w ) {
wid = w; createPen();
}
void saveBitmap( std::string path ) {
BITMAPFILEHEADER fileheader;
BITMAPINFO infoheader;
BITMAP bitmap;
DWORD wb;
GetObject( bmp, sizeof( bitmap ), &bitmap );
DWORD* dwpBits = new DWORD[bitmap.bmWidth * bitmap.bmHeight];
ZeroMemory( dwpBits, bitmap.bmWidth * bitmap.bmHeight * sizeof( DWORD ) );
ZeroMemory( &infoheader, sizeof( BITMAPINFO ) );
ZeroMemory( &fileheader, sizeof( BITMAPFILEHEADER ) );
infoheader.bmiHeader.biBitCount = sizeof( DWORD ) * 8;
infoheader.bmiHeader.biCompression = BI_RGB;
infoheader.bmiHeader.biPlanes = 1;
infoheader.bmiHeader.biSize = sizeof( infoheader.bmiHeader );
infoheader.bmiHeader.biHeight = bitmap.bmHeight;
infoheader.bmiHeader.biWidth = bitmap.bmWidth;
infoheader.bmiHeader.biSizeImage = bitmap.bmWidth * bitmap.bmHeight * sizeof( DWORD );
fileheader.bfType = 0x4D42;
fileheader.bfOffBits = sizeof( infoheader.bmiHeader ) + sizeof( BITMAPFILEHEADER );
fileheader.bfSize = fileheader.bfOffBits + infoheader.bmiHeader.biSizeImage;
GetDIBits( hdc, bmp, 0, height, ( LPVOID )dwpBits, &infoheader, DIB_RGB_COLORS );
HANDLE file = CreateFile( path.c_str(), GENERIC_WRITE, 0, NULL, CREATE_ALWAYS,
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL );
WriteFile( file, &fileheader, sizeof( BITMAPFILEHEADER ), &wb, NULL );
WriteFile( file, &infoheader.bmiHeader, sizeof( infoheader.bmiHeader ), &wb, NULL );
WriteFile( file, dwpBits, bitmap.bmWidth * bitmap.bmHeight * 4, &wb, NULL );
CloseHandle( file );
delete [] dwpBits;
}
HDC getDC() const { return hdc; }
int getWidth() const { return width; }
int getHeight() const { return height; }
private:
void createPen() {
if( pen ) DeleteObject( pen );
pen = CreatePen( PS_SOLID, wid, clr );
SelectObject( hdc, pen );
}
HBITMAP bmp; HDC hdc;
HPEN pen; HBRUSH brush;
void *pBits; int width, height, wid;
DWORD clr;
};
class sierpinski {
public:
void draw( int o ) {
colors[0] = 0xff0000; colors[1] = 0x00ff33; colors[2] = 0x0033ff;
colors[3] = 0xffff00; colors[4] = 0x00ffff; colors[5] = 0xffffff;
bmp.create( BMP_SIZE, BMP_SIZE ); HDC dc = bmp.getDC();
drawTri( dc, 0, 0, ( float )BMP_SIZE, ( float )BMP_SIZE, o / 2 );
bmp.setPenColor( colors[0] ); MoveToEx( dc, BMP_SIZE >> 1, 0, NULL );
LineTo( dc, 0, BMP_SIZE - 1 ); LineTo( dc, BMP_SIZE - 1, BMP_SIZE - 1 );
LineTo( dc, BMP_SIZE >> 1, 0 ); bmp.saveBitmap( "./st.bmp" );
}
private:
void drawTri( HDC dc, float l, float t, float r, float b, int i ) {
float w = r - l, h = b - t, hh = h / 2.f, ww = w / 4.f;
if( i ) {
drawTri( dc, l + ww, t, l + ww * 3.f, t + hh, i - 1 );
drawTri( dc, l, t + hh, l + w / 2.f, t + h, i - 1 );
drawTri( dc, l + w / 2.f, t + hh, l + w, t + h, i - 1 );
}
bmp.setPenColor( colors[i % 6] );
MoveToEx( dc, ( int )( l + ww ), ( int )( t + hh ), NULL );
LineTo ( dc, ( int )( l + ww * 3.f ), ( int )( t + hh ) );
LineTo ( dc, ( int )( l + ( w / 2.f ) ), ( int )( t + h ) );
LineTo ( dc, ( int )( l + ww ), ( int )( t + hh ) );
}
myBitmap bmp;
DWORD colors[6];
};
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
sierpinski s; s.draw( 12 );
return 0;
}
| #include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <math.h>
long long x, y, dx, dy, scale, clen, cscale;
typedef struct { double r, g, b; } rgb;
rgb ** pix;
void sc_up()
{
scale *= 2; x *= 2; y *= 2;
cscale *= 3;
}
void h_rgb(long long x, long long y)
{
rgb *p = &pix[y][x];
# define SAT 1
double h = 6.0 * clen / cscale;
double VAL = 1;
double c = SAT * VAL;
double X = c * (1 - fabs(fmod(h, 2) - 1));
switch((int)h) {
case 0: p->r += c; p->g += X; return;
case 1: p->r += X; p->g += c; return;
case 2: p->g += c; p->b += X; return;
case 3: p->g += X; p->b += c; return;
case 4: p->r += X; p->b += c; return;
default:
p->r += c; p->b += X;
}
}
void iter_string(const char * str, int d)
{
long long len;
while (*str != '\0') {
switch(*(str++)) {
case 'X':
if (d) iter_string("XHXVX", d - 1);
else{
clen ++;
h_rgb(x/scale, y/scale);
x += dx;
y -= dy;
}
continue;
case 'V':
len = 1LLU << d;
while (len--) {
clen ++;
h_rgb(x/scale, y/scale);
y += dy;
}
continue;
case 'H':
len = 1LLU << d;
while(len --) {
clen ++;
h_rgb(x/scale, y/scale);
x -= dx;
}
continue;
}
}
}
void sierp(long leng, int depth)
{
long i;
long h = leng + 20, w = leng + 20;
rgb *buf = malloc(sizeof(rgb) * w * h);
pix = malloc(sizeof(rgb *) * h);
for (i = 0; i < h; i++)
pix[i] = buf + w * i;
memset(buf, 0, sizeof(rgb) * w * h);
x = y = 10; dx = leng; dy = leng; scale = 1; clen = 0; cscale = 3;
for (i = 0; i < depth; i++) sc_up();
iter_string("VXH", depth);
unsigned char *fpix = malloc(w * h * 3);
double maxv = 0, *dbuf = (double*)buf;
for (i = 3 * w * h - 1; i >= 0; i--)
if (dbuf[i] > maxv) maxv = dbuf[i];
for (i = 3 * h * w - 1; i >= 0; i--)
fpix[i] = 255 * dbuf[i] / maxv;
printf("P6\n%ld %ld\n255\n", w, h);
fflush(stdout);
fwrite(fpix, h * w * 3, 1, stdout);
}
int main(int c, char ** v)
{
int size, depth;
depth = (c > 1) ? atoi(v[1]) : 10;
size = 1 << depth;
fprintf(stderr, "size: %d depth: %d\n", size, depth);
sierp(size, depth + 2);
return 0;
}
|
Write the same algorithm in C as shown in this C++ implementation. | #include <windows.h>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
const int BMP_SIZE = 612;
class myBitmap {
public:
myBitmap() : pen( NULL ), brush( NULL ), clr( 0 ), wid( 1 ) {}
~myBitmap() {
DeleteObject( pen ); DeleteObject( brush );
DeleteDC( hdc ); DeleteObject( bmp );
}
bool create( int w, int h ) {
BITMAPINFO bi;
ZeroMemory( &bi, sizeof( bi ) );
bi.bmiHeader.biSize = sizeof( bi.bmiHeader );
bi.bmiHeader.biBitCount = sizeof( DWORD ) * 8;
bi.bmiHeader.biCompression = BI_RGB;
bi.bmiHeader.biPlanes = 1;
bi.bmiHeader.biWidth = w;
bi.bmiHeader.biHeight = -h;
HDC dc = GetDC( GetConsoleWindow() );
bmp = CreateDIBSection( dc, &bi, DIB_RGB_COLORS, &pBits, NULL, 0 );
if( !bmp ) return false;
hdc = CreateCompatibleDC( dc );
SelectObject( hdc, bmp );
ReleaseDC( GetConsoleWindow(), dc );
width = w; height = h;
return true;
}
void clear( BYTE clr = 0 ) {
memset( pBits, clr, width * height * sizeof( DWORD ) );
}
void setBrushColor( DWORD bClr ) {
if( brush ) DeleteObject( brush );
brush = CreateSolidBrush( bClr );
SelectObject( hdc, brush );
}
void setPenColor( DWORD c ) {
clr = c; createPen();
}
void setPenWidth( int w ) {
wid = w; createPen();
}
void saveBitmap( std::string path ) {
BITMAPFILEHEADER fileheader;
BITMAPINFO infoheader;
BITMAP bitmap;
DWORD wb;
GetObject( bmp, sizeof( bitmap ), &bitmap );
DWORD* dwpBits = new DWORD[bitmap.bmWidth * bitmap.bmHeight];
ZeroMemory( dwpBits, bitmap.bmWidth * bitmap.bmHeight * sizeof( DWORD ) );
ZeroMemory( &infoheader, sizeof( BITMAPINFO ) );
ZeroMemory( &fileheader, sizeof( BITMAPFILEHEADER ) );
infoheader.bmiHeader.biBitCount = sizeof( DWORD ) * 8;
infoheader.bmiHeader.biCompression = BI_RGB;
infoheader.bmiHeader.biPlanes = 1;
infoheader.bmiHeader.biSize = sizeof( infoheader.bmiHeader );
infoheader.bmiHeader.biHeight = bitmap.bmHeight;
infoheader.bmiHeader.biWidth = bitmap.bmWidth;
infoheader.bmiHeader.biSizeImage = bitmap.bmWidth * bitmap.bmHeight * sizeof( DWORD );
fileheader.bfType = 0x4D42;
fileheader.bfOffBits = sizeof( infoheader.bmiHeader ) + sizeof( BITMAPFILEHEADER );
fileheader.bfSize = fileheader.bfOffBits + infoheader.bmiHeader.biSizeImage;
GetDIBits( hdc, bmp, 0, height, ( LPVOID )dwpBits, &infoheader, DIB_RGB_COLORS );
HANDLE file = CreateFile( path.c_str(), GENERIC_WRITE, 0, NULL, CREATE_ALWAYS,
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL );
WriteFile( file, &fileheader, sizeof( BITMAPFILEHEADER ), &wb, NULL );
WriteFile( file, &infoheader.bmiHeader, sizeof( infoheader.bmiHeader ), &wb, NULL );
WriteFile( file, dwpBits, bitmap.bmWidth * bitmap.bmHeight * 4, &wb, NULL );
CloseHandle( file );
delete [] dwpBits;
}
HDC getDC() const { return hdc; }
int getWidth() const { return width; }
int getHeight() const { return height; }
private:
void createPen() {
if( pen ) DeleteObject( pen );
pen = CreatePen( PS_SOLID, wid, clr );
SelectObject( hdc, pen );
}
HBITMAP bmp; HDC hdc;
HPEN pen; HBRUSH brush;
void *pBits; int width, height, wid;
DWORD clr;
};
class sierpinski {
public:
void draw( int o ) {
colors[0] = 0xff0000; colors[1] = 0x00ff33; colors[2] = 0x0033ff;
colors[3] = 0xffff00; colors[4] = 0x00ffff; colors[5] = 0xffffff;
bmp.create( BMP_SIZE, BMP_SIZE ); HDC dc = bmp.getDC();
drawTri( dc, 0, 0, ( float )BMP_SIZE, ( float )BMP_SIZE, o / 2 );
bmp.setPenColor( colors[0] ); MoveToEx( dc, BMP_SIZE >> 1, 0, NULL );
LineTo( dc, 0, BMP_SIZE - 1 ); LineTo( dc, BMP_SIZE - 1, BMP_SIZE - 1 );
LineTo( dc, BMP_SIZE >> 1, 0 ); bmp.saveBitmap( "./st.bmp" );
}
private:
void drawTri( HDC dc, float l, float t, float r, float b, int i ) {
float w = r - l, h = b - t, hh = h / 2.f, ww = w / 4.f;
if( i ) {
drawTri( dc, l + ww, t, l + ww * 3.f, t + hh, i - 1 );
drawTri( dc, l, t + hh, l + w / 2.f, t + h, i - 1 );
drawTri( dc, l + w / 2.f, t + hh, l + w, t + h, i - 1 );
}
bmp.setPenColor( colors[i % 6] );
MoveToEx( dc, ( int )( l + ww ), ( int )( t + hh ), NULL );
LineTo ( dc, ( int )( l + ww * 3.f ), ( int )( t + hh ) );
LineTo ( dc, ( int )( l + ( w / 2.f ) ), ( int )( t + h ) );
LineTo ( dc, ( int )( l + ww ), ( int )( t + hh ) );
}
myBitmap bmp;
DWORD colors[6];
};
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
sierpinski s; s.draw( 12 );
return 0;
}
| #include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <math.h>
long long x, y, dx, dy, scale, clen, cscale;
typedef struct { double r, g, b; } rgb;
rgb ** pix;
void sc_up()
{
scale *= 2; x *= 2; y *= 2;
cscale *= 3;
}
void h_rgb(long long x, long long y)
{
rgb *p = &pix[y][x];
# define SAT 1
double h = 6.0 * clen / cscale;
double VAL = 1;
double c = SAT * VAL;
double X = c * (1 - fabs(fmod(h, 2) - 1));
switch((int)h) {
case 0: p->r += c; p->g += X; return;
case 1: p->r += X; p->g += c; return;
case 2: p->g += c; p->b += X; return;
case 3: p->g += X; p->b += c; return;
case 4: p->r += X; p->b += c; return;
default:
p->r += c; p->b += X;
}
}
void iter_string(const char * str, int d)
{
long long len;
while (*str != '\0') {
switch(*(str++)) {
case 'X':
if (d) iter_string("XHXVX", d - 1);
else{
clen ++;
h_rgb(x/scale, y/scale);
x += dx;
y -= dy;
}
continue;
case 'V':
len = 1LLU << d;
while (len--) {
clen ++;
h_rgb(x/scale, y/scale);
y += dy;
}
continue;
case 'H':
len = 1LLU << d;
while(len --) {
clen ++;
h_rgb(x/scale, y/scale);
x -= dx;
}
continue;
}
}
}
void sierp(long leng, int depth)
{
long i;
long h = leng + 20, w = leng + 20;
rgb *buf = malloc(sizeof(rgb) * w * h);
pix = malloc(sizeof(rgb *) * h);
for (i = 0; i < h; i++)
pix[i] = buf + w * i;
memset(buf, 0, sizeof(rgb) * w * h);
x = y = 10; dx = leng; dy = leng; scale = 1; clen = 0; cscale = 3;
for (i = 0; i < depth; i++) sc_up();
iter_string("VXH", depth);
unsigned char *fpix = malloc(w * h * 3);
double maxv = 0, *dbuf = (double*)buf;
for (i = 3 * w * h - 1; i >= 0; i--)
if (dbuf[i] > maxv) maxv = dbuf[i];
for (i = 3 * h * w - 1; i >= 0; i--)
fpix[i] = 255 * dbuf[i] / maxv;
printf("P6\n%ld %ld\n255\n", w, h);
fflush(stdout);
fwrite(fpix, h * w * 3, 1, stdout);
}
int main(int c, char ** v)
{
int size, depth;
depth = (c > 1) ? atoi(v[1]) : 10;
size = 1 << depth;
fprintf(stderr, "size: %d depth: %d\n", size, depth);
sierp(size, depth + 2);
return 0;
}
|
Please provide an equivalent version of this C++ code in C. | #include <windows.h>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
const int BMP_SIZE = 612;
class myBitmap {
public:
myBitmap() : pen( NULL ), brush( NULL ), clr( 0 ), wid( 1 ) {}
~myBitmap() {
DeleteObject( pen ); DeleteObject( brush );
DeleteDC( hdc ); DeleteObject( bmp );
}
bool create( int w, int h ) {
BITMAPINFO bi;
ZeroMemory( &bi, sizeof( bi ) );
bi.bmiHeader.biSize = sizeof( bi.bmiHeader );
bi.bmiHeader.biBitCount = sizeof( DWORD ) * 8;
bi.bmiHeader.biCompression = BI_RGB;
bi.bmiHeader.biPlanes = 1;
bi.bmiHeader.biWidth = w;
bi.bmiHeader.biHeight = -h;
HDC dc = GetDC( GetConsoleWindow() );
bmp = CreateDIBSection( dc, &bi, DIB_RGB_COLORS, &pBits, NULL, 0 );
if( !bmp ) return false;
hdc = CreateCompatibleDC( dc );
SelectObject( hdc, bmp );
ReleaseDC( GetConsoleWindow(), dc );
width = w; height = h;
return true;
}
void clear( BYTE clr = 0 ) {
memset( pBits, clr, width * height * sizeof( DWORD ) );
}
void setBrushColor( DWORD bClr ) {
if( brush ) DeleteObject( brush );
brush = CreateSolidBrush( bClr );
SelectObject( hdc, brush );
}
void setPenColor( DWORD c ) {
clr = c; createPen();
}
void setPenWidth( int w ) {
wid = w; createPen();
}
void saveBitmap( std::string path ) {
BITMAPFILEHEADER fileheader;
BITMAPINFO infoheader;
BITMAP bitmap;
DWORD wb;
GetObject( bmp, sizeof( bitmap ), &bitmap );
DWORD* dwpBits = new DWORD[bitmap.bmWidth * bitmap.bmHeight];
ZeroMemory( dwpBits, bitmap.bmWidth * bitmap.bmHeight * sizeof( DWORD ) );
ZeroMemory( &infoheader, sizeof( BITMAPINFO ) );
ZeroMemory( &fileheader, sizeof( BITMAPFILEHEADER ) );
infoheader.bmiHeader.biBitCount = sizeof( DWORD ) * 8;
infoheader.bmiHeader.biCompression = BI_RGB;
infoheader.bmiHeader.biPlanes = 1;
infoheader.bmiHeader.biSize = sizeof( infoheader.bmiHeader );
infoheader.bmiHeader.biHeight = bitmap.bmHeight;
infoheader.bmiHeader.biWidth = bitmap.bmWidth;
infoheader.bmiHeader.biSizeImage = bitmap.bmWidth * bitmap.bmHeight * sizeof( DWORD );
fileheader.bfType = 0x4D42;
fileheader.bfOffBits = sizeof( infoheader.bmiHeader ) + sizeof( BITMAPFILEHEADER );
fileheader.bfSize = fileheader.bfOffBits + infoheader.bmiHeader.biSizeImage;
GetDIBits( hdc, bmp, 0, height, ( LPVOID )dwpBits, &infoheader, DIB_RGB_COLORS );
HANDLE file = CreateFile( path.c_str(), GENERIC_WRITE, 0, NULL, CREATE_ALWAYS,
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL );
WriteFile( file, &fileheader, sizeof( BITMAPFILEHEADER ), &wb, NULL );
WriteFile( file, &infoheader.bmiHeader, sizeof( infoheader.bmiHeader ), &wb, NULL );
WriteFile( file, dwpBits, bitmap.bmWidth * bitmap.bmHeight * 4, &wb, NULL );
CloseHandle( file );
delete [] dwpBits;
}
HDC getDC() const { return hdc; }
int getWidth() const { return width; }
int getHeight() const { return height; }
private:
void createPen() {
if( pen ) DeleteObject( pen );
pen = CreatePen( PS_SOLID, wid, clr );
SelectObject( hdc, pen );
}
HBITMAP bmp; HDC hdc;
HPEN pen; HBRUSH brush;
void *pBits; int width, height, wid;
DWORD clr;
};
class sierpinski {
public:
void draw( int o ) {
colors[0] = 0xff0000; colors[1] = 0x00ff33; colors[2] = 0x0033ff;
colors[3] = 0xffff00; colors[4] = 0x00ffff; colors[5] = 0xffffff;
bmp.create( BMP_SIZE, BMP_SIZE ); HDC dc = bmp.getDC();
drawTri( dc, 0, 0, ( float )BMP_SIZE, ( float )BMP_SIZE, o / 2 );
bmp.setPenColor( colors[0] ); MoveToEx( dc, BMP_SIZE >> 1, 0, NULL );
LineTo( dc, 0, BMP_SIZE - 1 ); LineTo( dc, BMP_SIZE - 1, BMP_SIZE - 1 );
LineTo( dc, BMP_SIZE >> 1, 0 ); bmp.saveBitmap( "./st.bmp" );
}
private:
void drawTri( HDC dc, float l, float t, float r, float b, int i ) {
float w = r - l, h = b - t, hh = h / 2.f, ww = w / 4.f;
if( i ) {
drawTri( dc, l + ww, t, l + ww * 3.f, t + hh, i - 1 );
drawTri( dc, l, t + hh, l + w / 2.f, t + h, i - 1 );
drawTri( dc, l + w / 2.f, t + hh, l + w, t + h, i - 1 );
}
bmp.setPenColor( colors[i % 6] );
MoveToEx( dc, ( int )( l + ww ), ( int )( t + hh ), NULL );
LineTo ( dc, ( int )( l + ww * 3.f ), ( int )( t + hh ) );
LineTo ( dc, ( int )( l + ( w / 2.f ) ), ( int )( t + h ) );
LineTo ( dc, ( int )( l + ww ), ( int )( t + hh ) );
}
myBitmap bmp;
DWORD colors[6];
};
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
sierpinski s; s.draw( 12 );
return 0;
}
| #include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <math.h>
long long x, y, dx, dy, scale, clen, cscale;
typedef struct { double r, g, b; } rgb;
rgb ** pix;
void sc_up()
{
scale *= 2; x *= 2; y *= 2;
cscale *= 3;
}
void h_rgb(long long x, long long y)
{
rgb *p = &pix[y][x];
# define SAT 1
double h = 6.0 * clen / cscale;
double VAL = 1;
double c = SAT * VAL;
double X = c * (1 - fabs(fmod(h, 2) - 1));
switch((int)h) {
case 0: p->r += c; p->g += X; return;
case 1: p->r += X; p->g += c; return;
case 2: p->g += c; p->b += X; return;
case 3: p->g += X; p->b += c; return;
case 4: p->r += X; p->b += c; return;
default:
p->r += c; p->b += X;
}
}
void iter_string(const char * str, int d)
{
long long len;
while (*str != '\0') {
switch(*(str++)) {
case 'X':
if (d) iter_string("XHXVX", d - 1);
else{
clen ++;
h_rgb(x/scale, y/scale);
x += dx;
y -= dy;
}
continue;
case 'V':
len = 1LLU << d;
while (len--) {
clen ++;
h_rgb(x/scale, y/scale);
y += dy;
}
continue;
case 'H':
len = 1LLU << d;
while(len --) {
clen ++;
h_rgb(x/scale, y/scale);
x -= dx;
}
continue;
}
}
}
void sierp(long leng, int depth)
{
long i;
long h = leng + 20, w = leng + 20;
rgb *buf = malloc(sizeof(rgb) * w * h);
pix = malloc(sizeof(rgb *) * h);
for (i = 0; i < h; i++)
pix[i] = buf + w * i;
memset(buf, 0, sizeof(rgb) * w * h);
x = y = 10; dx = leng; dy = leng; scale = 1; clen = 0; cscale = 3;
for (i = 0; i < depth; i++) sc_up();
iter_string("VXH", depth);
unsigned char *fpix = malloc(w * h * 3);
double maxv = 0, *dbuf = (double*)buf;
for (i = 3 * w * h - 1; i >= 0; i--)
if (dbuf[i] > maxv) maxv = dbuf[i];
for (i = 3 * h * w - 1; i >= 0; i--)
fpix[i] = 255 * dbuf[i] / maxv;
printf("P6\n%ld %ld\n255\n", w, h);
fflush(stdout);
fwrite(fpix, h * w * 3, 1, stdout);
}
int main(int c, char ** v)
{
int size, depth;
depth = (c > 1) ? atoi(v[1]) : 10;
size = 1 << depth;
fprintf(stderr, "size: %d depth: %d\n", size, depth);
sierp(size, depth + 2);
return 0;
}
|
Change the programming language of this snippet from C++ to C without modifying what it does. | #include <iostream>
bool is_prime(int n) {
if (n < 2) {
return false;
}
if (n % 2 == 0) {
return n == 2;
}
if (n % 3 == 0) {
return n == 3;
}
int i = 5;
while (i * i <= n) {
if (n % i == 0) {
return false;
}
i += 2;
if (n % i == 0) {
return false;
}
i += 4;
}
return true;
}
int main() {
const int start = 1;
const int stop = 1000;
int sum = 0;
int count = 0;
int sc = 0;
for (int p = start; p < stop; p++) {
if (is_prime(p)) {
count++;
sum += p;
if (is_prime(sum)) {
printf("The sum of %3d primes in [2, %3d] is %5d which is also prime\n", count, p, sum);
sc++;
}
}
}
printf("There are %d summerized primes in [%d, %d)\n", sc, start, stop);
return 0;
}
| #include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdio.h>
bool is_prime(int n) {
int i = 5;
if (n < 2) {
return false;
}
if (n % 2 == 0) {
return n == 2;
}
if (n % 3 == 0) {
return n == 3;
}
while (i * i <= n) {
if (n % i == 0) {
return false;
}
i += 2;
if (n % i == 0) {
return false;
}
i += 4;
}
return true;
}
int main() {
const int start = 1;
const int stop = 1000;
int sum = 0;
int count = 0;
int sc = 0;
int p;
for (p = start; p < stop; p++) {
if (is_prime(p)) {
count++;
sum += p;
if (is_prime(sum)) {
printf("The sum of %3d primes in [2, %3d] is %5d which is also prime\n", count, p, sum);
sc++;
}
}
}
printf("There are %d summerized primes in [%d, %d)\n", sc, start, stop);
return 0;
}
|
Write a version of this C++ function in C with identical behavior. | #include <iostream>
bool is_prime(int n) {
if (n < 2) {
return false;
}
if (n % 2 == 0) {
return n == 2;
}
if (n % 3 == 0) {
return n == 3;
}
int i = 5;
while (i * i <= n) {
if (n % i == 0) {
return false;
}
i += 2;
if (n % i == 0) {
return false;
}
i += 4;
}
return true;
}
int main() {
const int start = 1;
const int stop = 1000;
int sum = 0;
int count = 0;
int sc = 0;
for (int p = start; p < stop; p++) {
if (is_prime(p)) {
count++;
sum += p;
if (is_prime(sum)) {
printf("The sum of %3d primes in [2, %3d] is %5d which is also prime\n", count, p, sum);
sc++;
}
}
}
printf("There are %d summerized primes in [%d, %d)\n", sc, start, stop);
return 0;
}
| #include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdio.h>
bool is_prime(int n) {
int i = 5;
if (n < 2) {
return false;
}
if (n % 2 == 0) {
return n == 2;
}
if (n % 3 == 0) {
return n == 3;
}
while (i * i <= n) {
if (n % i == 0) {
return false;
}
i += 2;
if (n % i == 0) {
return false;
}
i += 4;
}
return true;
}
int main() {
const int start = 1;
const int stop = 1000;
int sum = 0;
int count = 0;
int sc = 0;
int p;
for (p = start; p < stop; p++) {
if (is_prime(p)) {
count++;
sum += p;
if (is_prime(sum)) {
printf("The sum of %3d primes in [2, %3d] is %5d which is also prime\n", count, p, sum);
sc++;
}
}
}
printf("There are %d summerized primes in [%d, %d)\n", sc, start, stop);
return 0;
}
|
Port the provided C++ code into C while preserving the original functionality. | #include <iostream>
bool is_prime(int n) {
if (n < 2) {
return false;
}
if (n % 2 == 0) {
return n == 2;
}
if (n % 3 == 0) {
return n == 3;
}
int i = 5;
while (i * i <= n) {
if (n % i == 0) {
return false;
}
i += 2;
if (n % i == 0) {
return false;
}
i += 4;
}
return true;
}
int main() {
const int start = 1;
const int stop = 1000;
int sum = 0;
int count = 0;
int sc = 0;
for (int p = start; p < stop; p++) {
if (is_prime(p)) {
count++;
sum += p;
if (is_prime(sum)) {
printf("The sum of %3d primes in [2, %3d] is %5d which is also prime\n", count, p, sum);
sc++;
}
}
}
printf("There are %d summerized primes in [%d, %d)\n", sc, start, stop);
return 0;
}
| #include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdio.h>
bool is_prime(int n) {
int i = 5;
if (n < 2) {
return false;
}
if (n % 2 == 0) {
return n == 2;
}
if (n % 3 == 0) {
return n == 3;
}
while (i * i <= n) {
if (n % i == 0) {
return false;
}
i += 2;
if (n % i == 0) {
return false;
}
i += 4;
}
return true;
}
int main() {
const int start = 1;
const int stop = 1000;
int sum = 0;
int count = 0;
int sc = 0;
int p;
for (p = start; p < stop; p++) {
if (is_prime(p)) {
count++;
sum += p;
if (is_prime(sum)) {
printf("The sum of %3d primes in [2, %3d] is %5d which is also prime\n", count, p, sum);
sc++;
}
}
}
printf("There are %d summerized primes in [%d, %d)\n", sc, start, stop);
return 0;
}
|
Keep all operations the same but rewrite the snippet in C. | #include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <set>
#include <algorithm>
template<typename T>
std::vector<T> common_sorted_list(const std::vector<std::vector<T>>& ll) {
std::set<T> resultset;
std::vector<T> result;
for (auto& list : ll)
for (auto& item : list)
resultset.insert(item);
for (auto& item : resultset)
result.push_back(item);
std::sort(result.begin(), result.end());
return result;
}
int main() {
std::vector<int> a = {5,1,3,8,9,4,8,7};
std::vector<int> b = {3,5,9,8,4};
std::vector<int> c = {1,3,7,9};
std::vector<std::vector<int>> nums = {a, b, c};
auto csl = common_sorted_list(nums);
for (auto n : csl) std::cout << n << " ";
std::cout << std::endl;
return 0;
}
| #include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#define COUNTOF(a) (sizeof(a)/sizeof(a[0]))
void fatal(const char* message) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", message);
exit(1);
}
void* xmalloc(size_t n) {
void* ptr = malloc(n);
if (ptr == NULL)
fatal("Out of memory");
return ptr;
}
int icompare(const void* p1, const void* p2) {
const int* ip1 = p1;
const int* ip2 = p2;
return (*ip1 < *ip2) ? -1 : ((*ip1 > *ip2) ? 1 : 0);
}
size_t unique(int* array, size_t len) {
size_t out_index = 0;
int prev;
for (size_t i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
if (i == 0 || prev != array[i])
array[out_index++] = array[i];
prev = array[i];
}
return out_index;
}
int* common_sorted_list(const int** arrays, const size_t* lengths, size_t count, size_t* size) {
size_t len = 0;
for (size_t i = 0; i < count; ++i)
len += lengths[i];
int* array = xmalloc(len * sizeof(int));
for (size_t i = 0, offset = 0; i < count; ++i) {
memcpy(array + offset, arrays[i], lengths[i] * sizeof(int));
offset += lengths[i];
}
qsort(array, len, sizeof(int), icompare);
*size = unique(array, len);
return array;
}
void print(const int* array, size_t len) {
printf("[");
for (size_t i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
if (i > 0)
printf(", ");
printf("%d", array[i]);
}
printf("]\n");
}
int main() {
const int a[] = {5, 1, 3, 8, 9, 4, 8, 7};
const int b[] = {3, 5, 9, 8, 4};
const int c[] = {1, 3, 7, 9};
size_t len = 0;
const int* arrays[] = {a, b, c};
size_t lengths[] = {COUNTOF(a), COUNTOF(b), COUNTOF(c)};
int* sorted = common_sorted_list(arrays, lengths, COUNTOF(arrays), &len);
print(sorted, len);
free(sorted);
return 0;
}
|
Convert this C++ snippet to C and keep its semantics consistent. | #include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <set>
#include <algorithm>
template<typename T>
std::vector<T> common_sorted_list(const std::vector<std::vector<T>>& ll) {
std::set<T> resultset;
std::vector<T> result;
for (auto& list : ll)
for (auto& item : list)
resultset.insert(item);
for (auto& item : resultset)
result.push_back(item);
std::sort(result.begin(), result.end());
return result;
}
int main() {
std::vector<int> a = {5,1,3,8,9,4,8,7};
std::vector<int> b = {3,5,9,8,4};
std::vector<int> c = {1,3,7,9};
std::vector<std::vector<int>> nums = {a, b, c};
auto csl = common_sorted_list(nums);
for (auto n : csl) std::cout << n << " ";
std::cout << std::endl;
return 0;
}
| #include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#define COUNTOF(a) (sizeof(a)/sizeof(a[0]))
void fatal(const char* message) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", message);
exit(1);
}
void* xmalloc(size_t n) {
void* ptr = malloc(n);
if (ptr == NULL)
fatal("Out of memory");
return ptr;
}
int icompare(const void* p1, const void* p2) {
const int* ip1 = p1;
const int* ip2 = p2;
return (*ip1 < *ip2) ? -1 : ((*ip1 > *ip2) ? 1 : 0);
}
size_t unique(int* array, size_t len) {
size_t out_index = 0;
int prev;
for (size_t i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
if (i == 0 || prev != array[i])
array[out_index++] = array[i];
prev = array[i];
}
return out_index;
}
int* common_sorted_list(const int** arrays, const size_t* lengths, size_t count, size_t* size) {
size_t len = 0;
for (size_t i = 0; i < count; ++i)
len += lengths[i];
int* array = xmalloc(len * sizeof(int));
for (size_t i = 0, offset = 0; i < count; ++i) {
memcpy(array + offset, arrays[i], lengths[i] * sizeof(int));
offset += lengths[i];
}
qsort(array, len, sizeof(int), icompare);
*size = unique(array, len);
return array;
}
void print(const int* array, size_t len) {
printf("[");
for (size_t i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
if (i > 0)
printf(", ");
printf("%d", array[i]);
}
printf("]\n");
}
int main() {
const int a[] = {5, 1, 3, 8, 9, 4, 8, 7};
const int b[] = {3, 5, 9, 8, 4};
const int c[] = {1, 3, 7, 9};
size_t len = 0;
const int* arrays[] = {a, b, c};
size_t lengths[] = {COUNTOF(a), COUNTOF(b), COUNTOF(c)};
int* sorted = common_sorted_list(arrays, lengths, COUNTOF(arrays), &len);
print(sorted, len);
free(sorted);
return 0;
}
|
Write a version of this C++ function in C with identical behavior. |
class N{
uint n,i,g,e,l;
public:
N(uint n): n(n-1),i{},g{},e(1),l(n-1){}
bool hasNext(){
g=(1<<n)+e;for(i=l;i<n;++i) g+=1<<i;
if (l==2) {l=--n; e=1; return true;}
if (e<((1<<(l-1))-1)) {++e; return true;}
e=1; --l; return (l>0);
}
uint next() {return g;}
};
| #include <assert.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main(int c, char **v)
{
unsigned int n = 1 << (c - 1), i = n, j, k;
assert(n);
while (i--) {
if (!(i & (i + (i & -(int)i))))
continue;
for (j = n, k = 1; j >>= 1; k++)
if (i & j) printf("%s ", v[k]);
putchar('\n');
}
return 0;
}
|
Transform the following C++ implementation into C, maintaining the same output and logic. | #include <windows.h>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
class myBitmap
{
public:
myBitmap() : pen( NULL ) {}
~myBitmap()
{
DeleteObject( pen );
DeleteDC( hdc );
DeleteObject( bmp );
}
bool create( int w, int h )
{
BITMAPINFO bi;
ZeroMemory( &bi, sizeof( bi ) );
bi.bmiHeader.biSize = sizeof( bi.bmiHeader );
bi.bmiHeader.biBitCount = sizeof( DWORD ) * 8;
bi.bmiHeader.biCompression = BI_RGB;
bi.bmiHeader.biPlanes = 1;
bi.bmiHeader.biWidth = w;
bi.bmiHeader.biHeight = -h;
HDC dc = GetDC( GetConsoleWindow() );
bmp = CreateDIBSection( dc, &bi, DIB_RGB_COLORS, &pBits, NULL, 0 );
if( !bmp ) return false;
hdc = CreateCompatibleDC( dc );
SelectObject( hdc, bmp );
ReleaseDC( GetConsoleWindow(), dc );
width = w; height = h;
clear();
return true;
}
void clear()
{
ZeroMemory( pBits, width * height * sizeof( DWORD ) );
}
void setPenColor( DWORD clr )
{
if( pen ) DeleteObject( pen );
pen = CreatePen( PS_SOLID, 1, clr );
SelectObject( hdc, pen );
}
void saveBitmap( string path )
{
BITMAPFILEHEADER fileheader;
BITMAPINFO infoheader;
BITMAP bitmap;
DWORD* dwpBits;
DWORD wb;
HANDLE file;
GetObject( bmp, sizeof( bitmap ), &bitmap );
dwpBits = new DWORD[bitmap.bmWidth * bitmap.bmHeight];
ZeroMemory( dwpBits, bitmap.bmWidth * bitmap.bmHeight * sizeof( DWORD ) );
ZeroMemory( &infoheader, sizeof( BITMAPINFO ) );
ZeroMemory( &fileheader, sizeof( BITMAPFILEHEADER ) );
infoheader.bmiHeader.biBitCount = sizeof( DWORD ) * 8;
infoheader.bmiHeader.biCompression = BI_RGB;
infoheader.bmiHeader.biPlanes = 1;
infoheader.bmiHeader.biSize = sizeof( infoheader.bmiHeader );
infoheader.bmiHeader.biHeight = bitmap.bmHeight;
infoheader.bmiHeader.biWidth = bitmap.bmWidth;
infoheader.bmiHeader.biSizeImage = bitmap.bmWidth * bitmap.bmHeight * sizeof( DWORD );
fileheader.bfType = 0x4D42;
fileheader.bfOffBits = sizeof( infoheader.bmiHeader ) + sizeof( BITMAPFILEHEADER );
fileheader.bfSize = fileheader.bfOffBits + infoheader.bmiHeader.biSizeImage;
GetDIBits( hdc, bmp, 0, height, ( LPVOID )dwpBits, &infoheader, DIB_RGB_COLORS );
file = CreateFile( path.c_str(), GENERIC_WRITE, 0, NULL, CREATE_ALWAYS, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL );
WriteFile( file, &fileheader, sizeof( BITMAPFILEHEADER ), &wb, NULL );
WriteFile( file, &infoheader.bmiHeader, sizeof( infoheader.bmiHeader ), &wb, NULL );
WriteFile( file, dwpBits, bitmap.bmWidth * bitmap.bmHeight * 4, &wb, NULL );
CloseHandle( file );
delete [] dwpBits;
}
HDC getDC() { return hdc; }
int getWidth() { return width; }
int getHeight() { return height; }
private:
HBITMAP bmp;
HDC hdc;
HPEN pen;
void *pBits;
int width, height;
};
class fiboFractal
{
public:
fiboFractal( int l )
{
bmp.create( 600, 440 );
bmp.setPenColor( 0x00ff00 );
createWord( l ); createFractal();
bmp.saveBitmap( "path_to_save_bitmap" );
}
private:
void createWord( int l )
{
string a = "1", b = "0", c;
l -= 2;
while( l-- )
{ c = b + a; a = b; b = c; }
fWord = c;
}
void createFractal()
{
int n = 1, px = 10, dir,
py = 420, len = 1,
x = 0, y = -len, goingTo = 0;
HDC dc = bmp.getDC();
MoveToEx( dc, px, py, NULL );
for( string::iterator si = fWord.begin(); si != fWord.end(); si++ )
{
px += x; py += y;
LineTo( dc, px, py );
if( !( *si - 48 ) )
{
if( n & 1 ) dir = 1;
else dir = 0;
switch( goingTo )
{
case 0:
y = 0;
if( dir ){ x = len; goingTo = 1; }
else { x = -len; goingTo = 3; }
break;
case 1:
x = 0;
if( dir ) { y = len; goingTo = 2; }
else { y = -len; goingTo = 0; }
break;
case 2:
y = 0;
if( dir ) { x = -len; goingTo = 3; }
else { x = len; goingTo = 1; }
break;
case 3:
x = 0;
if( dir ) { y = -len; goingTo = 0; }
else { y = len; goingTo = 2; }
}
}
n++;
}
}
string fWord;
myBitmap bmp;
};
int main( int argc, char* argv[] )
{
fiboFractal ff( 23 );
return system( "pause" );
}
| #include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
puts( "%!PS-Adobe-3.0 EPSF\n"
"%%BoundingBox: -10 -10 400 565\n"
"/a{0 0 moveto 0 .4 translate 0 0 lineto stroke -1 1 scale}def\n"
"/b{a 90 rotate}def");
char i;
for (i = 'c'; i <= 'z'; i++)
printf("/%c{%c %c}def\n", i, i-1, i-2);
puts("0 setlinewidth z showpage\n%%EOF");
return 0;
}
|
Translate this program into C but keep the logic exactly as in C++. | #include <cstdint>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <primesieve.hpp>
void print_twin_prime_count(long long limit) {
std::cout << "Number of twin prime pairs less than " << limit
<< " is " << (limit > 0 ? primesieve::count_twins(0, limit - 1) : 0) << '\n';
}
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
std::cout.imbue(std::locale(""));
if (argc > 1) {
for (int i = 1; i < argc; ++i) {
try {
print_twin_prime_count(std::stoll(argv[i]));
} catch (const std::exception& ex) {
std::cerr << "Cannot parse limit from '" << argv[i] << "'\n";
}
}
} else {
uint64_t limit = 10;
for (int power = 1; power < 12; ++power, limit *= 10)
print_twin_prime_count(limit);
}
return 0;
}
| #include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdio.h>
bool isPrime(int64_t n) {
int64_t i;
if (n < 2) return false;
if (n % 2 == 0) return n == 2;
if (n % 3 == 0) return n == 3;
if (n % 5 == 0) return n == 5;
if (n % 7 == 0) return n == 7;
if (n % 11 == 0) return n == 11;
if (n % 13 == 0) return n == 13;
if (n % 17 == 0) return n == 17;
if (n % 19 == 0) return n == 19;
for (i = 23; i * i <= n; i += 2) {
if (n % i == 0) return false;
}
return true;
}
int countTwinPrimes(int limit) {
int count = 0;
int64_t p3 = true, p2 = true, p1 = false;
int64_t i;
for (i = 5; i <= limit; i++) {
p3 = p2;
p2 = p1;
p1 = isPrime(i);
if (p3 && p1) {
count++;
}
}
return count;
}
void test(int limit) {
int count = countTwinPrimes(limit);
printf("Number of twin prime pairs less than %d is %d\n", limit, count);
}
int main() {
test(10);
test(100);
test(1000);
test(10000);
test(100000);
test(1000000);
test(10000000);
test(100000000);
return 0;
}
|
Produce a functionally identical C code for the snippet given in C++. |
class fifteenSolver{
const int Nr[16]{3,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,2,2,2,2,3,3,3}, Nc[16]{3,0,1,2,3,0,1,2,3,0,1,2,3,0,1,2};
int n{},_n{}, N0[100]{},N3[100]{},N4[100]{};
unsigned long N2[100]{};
const bool fY(){
if (N4[n]<_n) return fN();
if (N2[n]==0x123456789abcdef0) {std::cout<<"Solution found in "<<n<<" moves :"; for (int g{1};g<=n;++g) std::cout<<(char)N3[g]; std::cout<<std::endl; return true;};
if (N4[n]==_n) return fN(); else return false;
}
const bool fN(){
if (N3[n]!='u' && N0[n]/4<3){fI(); ++n; if (fY()) return true; --n;}
if (N3[n]!='d' && N0[n]/4>0){fG(); ++n; if (fY()) return true; --n;}
if (N3[n]!='l' && N0[n]%4<3){fE(); ++n; if (fY()) return true; --n;}
if (N3[n]!='r' && N0[n]%4>0){fL(); ++n; if (fY()) return true; --n;}
return false;
}
void fI(){
const int g = (11-N0[n])*4;
const unsigned long a = N2[n]&((unsigned long)15<<g);
N0[n+1]=N0[n]+4; N2[n+1]=N2[n]-a+(a<<16); N3[n+1]='d'; N4[n+1]=N4[n]+(Nr[a>>g]<=N0[n]/4?0:1);
}
void fG(){
const int g = (19-N0[n])*4;
const unsigned long a = N2[n]&((unsigned long)15<<g);
N0[n+1]=N0[n]-4; N2[n+1]=N2[n]-a+(a>>16); N3[n+1]='u'; N4[n+1]=N4[n]+(Nr[a>>g]>=N0[n]/4?0:1);
}
void fE(){
const int g = (14-N0[n])*4;
const unsigned long a = N2[n]&((unsigned long)15<<g);
N0[n+1]=N0[n]+1; N2[n+1]=N2[n]-a+(a<<4); N3[n+1]='r'; N4[n+1]=N4[n]+(Nc[a>>g]<=N0[n]%4?0:1);
}
void fL(){
const int g = (16-N0[n])*4;
const unsigned long a = N2[n]&((unsigned long)15<<g);
N0[n+1]=N0[n]-1; N2[n+1]=N2[n]-a+(a>>4); N3[n+1]='l'; N4[n+1]=N4[n]+(Nc[a>>g]>=N0[n]%4?0:1);
}
public:
fifteenSolver(int n, unsigned long g){N0[0]=n; N2[0]=g;}
void Solve(){for(;not fY();++_n);}
};
|
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <string.h>
typedef unsigned char u8t;
typedef unsigned short u16t;
enum { NR=4, NC=4, NCELLS = NR*NC };
enum { UP, DOWN, LEFT, RIGHT, NDIRS };
enum { OK = 1<<8, XX = 1<<9, FOUND = 1<<10, zz=0x80 };
enum { MAX_INT=0x7E, MAX_NODES=(16*65536)*90};
enum { BIT_HDR=1<<0, BIT_GRID=1<<1, BIT_OTHER=1<<2 };
enum { PHASE1,PHASE2 };
typedef struct { u16t dn; u16t hn; }HSORT_T;
typedef struct {
u8t data[NCELLS]; unsigned id; unsigned src;
u8t h; u8t g; u8t udlr;
}NODE_T;
NODE_T goal44={
{1,2,3,4, 5,6,7,8, 9,10,11,12, 13,14,15,0},0,0,0,0,0};
NODE_T work;
NODE_T G34={
{13,9,5,4, 15,6,1,8, 0,10,2,11, 14,3,7,12},0,0,0,0,0};
NODE_T G52={
{15,13,9,5, 14,6,1,4, 10,12,0,8, 3,7,11,2},0,0,0,0,0};
NODE_T G99={
{15,14,1,6, 9,11,4,12, 0,10,7,3, 13,8,5,2},0,0,0,0,0};
struct {
unsigned nodes;
unsigned gfound;
unsigned root_visits;
unsigned verbose;
unsigned locks;
unsigned phase;
}my;
u16t HybridIDA_star(NODE_T *pNode);
u16t make_node(NODE_T *pNode, NODE_T *pNew, u8t udlr );
u16t search(NODE_T *pNode, u16t bound);
u16t taxi_dist( NODE_T *pNode);
u16t tile_home( NODE_T *p44);
void print_node( NODE_T *pN, const char *pMsg, short force );
u16t goal_found(NODE_T *pNode);
char udlr_to_char( char udlr );
void idx_to_rc( u16t idx, u16t *row, u16t *col );
void sort_nodes(HSORT_T *p);
int main( )
{
my.verbose = 0;
memcpy(&work, &G99, sizeof(NODE_T));
if(1){
printf("Phase1: IDA* search for 1234 permutation..\n");
my.phase = PHASE1;
(void) HybridIDA_star(&work);
}
printf("Phase2: IDA* search phase1 seed..\n");
my.phase = PHASE2;
(void)HybridIDA_star(&work);
return 0;
}
u16t HybridIDA_star(NODE_T *pN){
my.nodes = 1;
my.gfound = 0;
my.root_visits = 0;
pN->udlr = NDIRS;
pN->g = 0;
pN->h = taxi_dist(pN);
pN->id = my.nodes;
pN->src = 0;
const char *pr = {"Start"};
print_node( pN,pr,1 );
u16t depth = pN->h;
while(1){
depth = search(pN,depth);
if( depth & FOUND){
return FOUND;
}
if( depth & 0xFF00 ){
printf("..error %x\n",depth);
return XX;
}
my.root_visits++;
printf("[root visits: %u, depth %u]\n",my.root_visits,depth);
}
return 0;
}
u16t search(NODE_T *pN, u16t bound){
if(bound & 0xff00){ return bound; }
u16t f = pN->g + pN->h;
if( f > bound){ return f; }
if(goal_found(pN)){
my.gfound = pN->g;
memcpy(&work,pN,sizeof(NODE_T));
printf("total nodes=%d, g=%u \n", my.nodes, my.gfound);
const char *pr = {"Found.."};
print_node( &work,pr,1 );
return FOUND;
}
NODE_T news;
HSORT_T hlist[NDIRS];
for( short i=0; i<NDIRS; i++ ){
u16t rv = make_node(pN,&news, i );
hlist[i].dn = i;
if( rv & OK ){
hlist[i].hn = news.h;
continue;
}
hlist[i].hn = XX;
}
sort_nodes(&hlist[0]);
u16t temp, min = MAX_INT;
for( short i=0; i<NDIRS; i++ ){
if( hlist[i].hn > 0xff ) continue;
temp = make_node(pN,&news, hlist[i].dn );
if( temp & XX ) return XX;
if( temp & OK ){
news.id = my.nodes++;
print_node(&news," succ",0 );
temp = search(&news, bound);
if(temp & 0xff00){ return temp;}
if(temp < min){ min = temp; }
}
}
return min;
}
void sort_nodes(HSORT_T *p){
for( short s=0; s<NDIRS-1; s++ ){
HSORT_T tmp = p[0];
if( p[1].hn < p[0].hn ){tmp=p[0]; p[0]=p[1]; p[1]=tmp; }
if( p[2].hn < p[1].hn ){tmp=p[1]; p[1]=p[2]; p[2]=tmp; }
if( p[3].hn < p[2].hn ){tmp=p[2]; p[2]=p[3]; p[3]=tmp; }
}
}
u16t tile_home(NODE_T *pN ){
for( short i=0; i<NCELLS; i++ ){
if( pN->data[i] == 0 ) return i;
}
return XX;
}
void print_node( NODE_T *pN, const char *pMsg, short force ){
const int tp1 = 0;
if( my.verbose & BIT_HDR || force || tp1){
char ch = udlr_to_char(pN->udlr);
printf("id:%u src:%u; h=%d, g=%u, udlr=%c, %s\n",
pN->id, pN->src, pN->h, pN->g, ch, pMsg);
}
if(my.verbose & BIT_GRID || force || tp1){
for(u16t i=0; i<NR; i++ ){
for( u16t j=0; j<NC; j++ ){
printf("%3d",pN->data[i*NR+j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
printf("\n");
}
}
u16t goal_found(NODE_T *pN) {
if(my.phase==PHASE1){
short tags = 0;
for( short i=0; i<(NC); i++ ){
if( pN->data[i] == i+1 ) tags++;
}
if( tags==4 ) return 1;
}
for( short i=0; i<(NR*NC); i++ ){
if( pN->data[i] != goal44.data[i] ) return 0;
}
return 1;
}
char udlr_to_char( char udlr ){
char ch = '?';
switch(udlr){
case UP: ch = 'U'; break;
case DOWN: ch = 'D'; break;
case LEFT: ch = 'L'; break;
case RIGHT: ch = 'R'; break;
default: break;
}
return ch;
}
void idx_to_rc( u16t idx, u16t *row, u16t *col ){
*row = idx/NR; *col = abs( idx - (*row * NR));
}
u16t make_node(NODE_T *pSrc, NODE_T *pNew, u8t udlr ){
u16t row,col,home_idx,idx2;
if(udlr>=NDIRS||udlr<0 ){ printf("invalid udlr %u\n",udlr); return XX; }
if(my.nodes > MAX_NODES ){ printf("excessive nodes %u\n",my.nodes);
return XX; }
memcpy(pNew,pSrc,sizeof(NODE_T));
home_idx = tile_home(pNew);
idx_to_rc(home_idx, &row, &col );
if( udlr == LEFT) { if( col < 1 ) return 0; col--; }
if( udlr == RIGHT ){ if( col >= (NC-1) ) return 0; col++; }
if( udlr == DOWN ) { if(row >= (NR-1)) return 0; row++; }
if( udlr == UP ){ if(row < 1) return 0; row--; }
idx2 = row * NR + col;
if( idx2 < NCELLS ){
u8t *p = &pNew->data[0];
p[home_idx] = p[idx2];
p[idx2] = 0;
pNew->src = pSrc->id;
pNew->g = pSrc->g + 1;
pNew->h = taxi_dist(pNew);
pNew->udlr = udlr;
return OK;
}
return 0;
}
u16t taxi_dist( NODE_T *pN){
u16t tile,sum = 0, r1,c1,r2,c2;
u8t *p44 = &pN->data[0];
for( short i=0; i<(NR*NC); i++ ){
tile = p44[i];
if( tile==0 ) continue;
idx_to_rc(i, &r2, &c2 );
idx_to_rc(tile-1, &r1, &c1 );
sum += abs(r1-r2) + abs(c1-c2);
}
}
return sum;
}
|
Keep all operations the same but rewrite the snippet in C. | #include <complex>
#include <cmath>
#include <iostream>
double const pi = 4 * std::atan(1);
int main()
{
for (int n = 2; n <= 10; ++n)
{
std::cout << n << ": ";
for (int k = 0; k < n; ++k)
std::cout << std::polar(1, 2*pi*k/n) << " ";
std::cout << std::endl;
}
}
| #include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
int main()
{
double a, c, s, PI2 = atan2(1, 1) * 8;
int n, i;
for (n = 1; n < 10; n++) for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
c = s = 0;
if (!i ) c = 1;
else if(n == 4 * i) s = 1;
else if(n == 2 * i) c = -1;
else if(3 * n == 4 * i) s = -1;
else
a = i * PI2 / n, c = cos(a), s = sin(a);
if (c) printf("%.2g", c);
printf(s == 1 ? "i" : s == -1 ? "-i" : s ? "%+.2gi" : "", s);
printf(i == n - 1 ?"\n":", ");
}
return 0;
}
|
Ensure the translated C code behaves exactly like the original C++ snippet. | #include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
typedef long long bigInt;
using namespace std;
class number
{
public:
number() { s = "0"; neg = false; }
number( bigInt a ) { set( a ); }
number( string a ) { set( a ); }
void set( bigInt a ) { neg = false; if( a < 0 ) { a = -a; neg = true; } ostringstream o; o << a; s = o.str(); clearStr(); }
void set( string a ) { neg = false; s = a; if( s.length() > 1 && s[0] == '-' ) { neg = true; } clearStr(); }
number operator * ( const number& b ) { return this->mul( b ); }
number& operator *= ( const number& b ) { *this = *this * b; return *this; }
number& operator = ( const number& b ) { s = b.s; return *this; }
friend ostream& operator << ( ostream& out, const number& a ) { if( a.neg ) out << "-"; out << a.s; return out; }
friend istream& operator >> ( istream& in, number& a ){ string b; in >> b; a.set( b ); return in; }
private:
number mul( const number& b )
{
number a; bool neg = false;
string r, bs = b.s; r.resize( 2 * max( b.s.length(), s.length() ), '0' );
int xx, ss, rr, t, c, stp = 0;
string::reverse_iterator xi = bs.rbegin(), si, ri;
for( ; xi != bs.rend(); xi++ )
{
c = 0; ri = r.rbegin() + stp;
for( si = s.rbegin(); si != s.rend(); si++ )
{
xx = ( *xi ) - 48; ss = ( *si ) - 48; rr = ( *ri ) - 48;
ss = ss * xx + rr + c; t = ss % 10; c = ( ss - t ) / 10;
( *ri++ ) = t + 48;
}
if( c > 0 ) ( *ri ) = c + 48;
stp++;
}
trimLeft( r ); t = b.neg ? 1 : 0; t += neg ? 1 : 0;
if( t & 1 ) a.s = "-" + r;
else a.s = r;
return a;
}
void trimLeft( string& r )
{
if( r.length() < 2 ) return;
for( string::iterator x = r.begin(); x != ( r.end() - 1 ); )
{
if( ( *x ) != '0' ) return;
x = r.erase( x );
}
}
void clearStr()
{
for( string::iterator x = s.begin(); x != s.end(); )
{
if( ( *x ) < '0' || ( *x ) > '9' ) x = s.erase( x );
else x++;
}
}
string s;
bool neg;
};
int main( int argc, char* argv[] )
{
number a, b;
a.set( "18446744073709551616" ); b.set( "18446744073709551616" );
cout << a * b << endl << endl;
cout << "Factor 1 = "; cin >> a;
cout << "Factor 2 = "; cin >> b;
cout << "Product: = " << a * b << endl << endl;
return system( "pause" );
}
| #include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
void longmulti(const char *a, const char *b, char *c)
{
int i = 0, j = 0, k = 0, n, carry;
int la, lb;
if (!strcmp(a, "0") || !strcmp(b, "0")) {
c[0] = '0', c[1] = '\0';
return;
}
if (a[0] == '-') { i = 1; k = !k; }
if (b[0] == '-') { j = 1; k = !k; }
if (i || j) {
if (k) c[0] = '-';
longmulti(a + i, b + j, c + k);
return;
}
la = strlen(a);
lb = strlen(b);
memset(c, '0', la + lb);
c[la + lb] = '\0';
# define I(a) (a - '0')
for (i = la - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
for (j = lb - 1, k = i + j + 1, carry = 0; j >= 0; j--, k--) {
n = I(a[i]) * I(b[j]) + I(c[k]) + carry;
carry = n / 10;
c[k] = (n % 10) + '0';
}
c[k] += carry;
}
# undef I
if (c[0] == '0') memmove(c, c + 1, la + lb);
return;
}
int main()
{
char c[1024];
longmulti("-18446744073709551616", "-18446744073709551616", c);
printf("%s\n", c);
return 0;
}
|
Maintain the same structure and functionality when rewriting this code in C. | #include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
#include <tuple>
std::tuple<uint64_t, uint64_t> solvePell(int n) {
int x = (int)sqrt(n);
if (x * x == n) {
return std::make_pair(1, 0);
}
int y = x;
int z = 1;
int r = 2 * x;
std::tuple<uint64_t, uint64_t> e = std::make_pair(1, 0);
std::tuple<uint64_t, uint64_t> f = std::make_pair(0, 1);
uint64_t a = 0;
uint64_t b = 0;
while (true) {
y = r * z - y;
z = (n - y * y) / z;
r = (x + y) / z;
e = std::make_pair(std::get<1>(e), r * std::get<1>(e) + std::get<0>(e));
f = std::make_pair(std::get<1>(f), r * std::get<1>(f) + std::get<0>(f));
a = std::get<1>(e) + x * std::get<1>(f);
b = std::get<1>(f);
if (a * a - n * b * b == 1) {
break;
}
}
return std::make_pair(a, b);
}
void test(int n) {
auto r = solvePell(n);
std::cout << "x^2 - " << std::setw(3) << n << " * y^2 = 1 for x = " << std::setw(21) << std::get<0>(r) << " and y = " << std::setw(21) << std::get<1>(r) << '\n';
}
int main() {
test(61);
test(109);
test(181);
test(277);
return 0;
}
| #include <math.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdio.h>
struct Pair {
uint64_t v1, v2;
};
struct Pair makePair(uint64_t a, uint64_t b) {
struct Pair r;
r.v1 = a;
r.v2 = b;
return r;
}
struct Pair solvePell(int n) {
int x = (int) sqrt(n);
if (x * x == n) {
return makePair(1, 0);
} else {
int y = x;
int z = 1;
int r = 2 * x;
struct Pair e = makePair(1, 0);
struct Pair f = makePair(0, 1);
uint64_t a = 0;
uint64_t b = 0;
while (true) {
y = r * z - y;
z = (n - y * y) / z;
r = (x + y) / z;
e = makePair(e.v2, r * e.v2 + e.v1);
f = makePair(f.v2, r * f.v2 + f.v1);
a = e.v2 + x * f.v2;
b = f.v2;
if (a * a - n * b * b == 1) {
break;
}
}
return makePair(a, b);
}
}
void test(int n) {
struct Pair r = solvePell(n);
printf("x^2 - %3d * y^2 = 1 for x = %21llu and y = %21llu\n", n, r.v1, r.v2);
}
int main() {
test(61);
test(109);
test(181);
test(277);
return 0;
}
|
Convert this C++ block to C, preserving its control flow and logic. | #include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cstdlib>
bool contains_duplicates(std::string s)
{
std::sort(s.begin(), s.end());
return std::adjacent_find(s.begin(), s.end()) != s.end();
}
void game()
{
typedef std::string::size_type index;
std::string symbols = "0123456789";
unsigned int const selection_length = 4;
std::random_shuffle(symbols.begin(), symbols.end());
std::string selection = symbols.substr(0, selection_length);
std::string guess;
while (std::cout << "Your guess? ", std::getline(std::cin, guess))
{
if (guess.length() != selection_length
|| guess.find_first_not_of(symbols) != std::string::npos
|| contains_duplicates(guess))
{
std::cout << guess << " is not a valid guess!";
continue;
}
unsigned int bulls = 0;
unsigned int cows = 0;
for (index i = 0; i != selection_length; ++i)
{
index pos = selection.find(guess[i]);
if (pos == i)
++bulls;
else if (pos != std::string::npos)
++cows;
}
std::cout << bulls << " bulls, " << cows << " cows.\n";
if (bulls == selection_length)
{
std::cout << "Congratulations! You have won!\n";
return;
}
}
std::cerr << "Oops! Something went wrong with input, or you've entered end-of-file!\nExiting ...\n";
std::exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
int main()
{
std::cout << "Welcome to bulls and cows!\nDo you want to play? ";
std::string answer;
while (true)
{
while (true)
{
if (!std::getline(std::cin, answer))
{
std::cout << "I can't get an answer. Exiting.\n";
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
if (answer == "yes" || answer == "Yes" || answer == "y" || answer == "Y")
break;
if (answer == "no" || answer == "No" || answer == "n" || answer == "N")
{
std::cout << "Ok. Goodbye.\n";
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
std::cout << "Please answer yes or no: ";
}
game();
std::cout << "Another game? ";
}
}
| #include <stdio.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <curses.h>
#include <string.h>
#define MAX_NUM_TRIES 72
#define LINE_BEGIN 7
#define LAST_LINE 18
int yp=LINE_BEGIN, xp=0;
char number[5];
char guess[5];
#define MAX_STR 256
void mvaddstrf(int y, int x, const char *fmt, ...)
{
va_list args;
char buf[MAX_STR];
va_start(args, fmt);
vsprintf(buf, fmt, args);
move(y, x);
clrtoeol();
addstr(buf);
va_end(args);
}
void ask_for_a_number()
{
int i=0;
char symbols[] = "123456789";
move(5,0); clrtoeol();
addstr("Enter four digits: ");
while(i<4) {
int c = getch();
if ( (c >= '1') && (c <= '9') && (symbols[c-'1']!=0) ) {
addch(c);
symbols[c-'1'] = 0;
guess[i++] = c;
}
}
}
void choose_the_number()
{
int i=0, j;
char symbols[] = "123456789";
while(i<4) {
j = rand() % 9;
if ( symbols[j] != 0 ) {
number[i++] = symbols[j];
symbols[j] = 0;
}
}
}
|
Change the programming language of this snippet from C++ to C without modifying what it does. | #include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
#include <iterator>
template <typename RandomAccessIterator>
void bubble_sort(RandomAccessIterator begin, RandomAccessIterator end) {
bool swapped = true;
while (begin != end-- && swapped) {
swapped = false;
for (auto i = begin; i != end; ++i) {
if (*(i + 1) < *i) {
std::iter_swap(i, i + 1);
swapped = true;
}
}
}
}
int main() {
int a[] = {100, 2, 56, 200, -52, 3, 99, 33, 177, -199};
bubble_sort(std::begin(a), std::end(a));
copy(std::begin(a), std::end(a), std::ostream_iterator<int>(std::cout, " "));
std::cout << "\n";
}
| #include <stdio.h>
void bubble_sort (int *a, int n) {
int i, t, j = n, s = 1;
while (s) {
s = 0;
for (i = 1; i < j; i++) {
if (a[i] < a[i - 1]) {
t = a[i];
a[i] = a[i - 1];
a[i - 1] = t;
s = 1;
}
}
j--;
}
}
int main () {
int a[] = {4, 65, 2, -31, 0, 99, 2, 83, 782, 1};
int n = sizeof a / sizeof a[0];
int i;
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
printf("%d%s", a[i], i == n - 1 ? "\n" : " ");
bubble_sort(a, n);
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
printf("%d%s", a[i], i == n - 1 ? "\n" : " ");
return 0;
}
|
Can you help me rewrite this code in C instead of C++, keeping it the same logically? | #include <cmath>
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
unsigned int divisor_count(unsigned int n) {
unsigned int total = 1;
for (; (n & 1) == 0; n >>= 1)
++total;
for (unsigned int p = 3; p * p <= n; p += 2) {
unsigned int count = 1;
for (; n % p == 0; n /= p)
++count;
total *= count;
}
if (n > 1)
total *= 2;
return total;
}
unsigned int divisor_product(unsigned int n) {
return static_cast<unsigned int>(std::pow(n, divisor_count(n)/2.0));
}
int main() {
const unsigned int limit = 50;
std::cout << "Product of divisors for the first " << limit << " positive integers:\n";
for (unsigned int n = 1; n <= limit; ++n) {
std::cout << std::setw(11) << divisor_product(n);
if (n % 5 == 0)
std::cout << '\n';
}
}
| #include <math.h>
#include <stdio.h>
unsigned int divisor_count(unsigned int n) {
unsigned int total = 1;
unsigned int p;
for (; (n & 1) == 0; n >>= 1) {
++total;
}
for (p = 3; p * p <= n; p += 2) {
unsigned int count = 1;
for (; n % p == 0; n /= p) {
++count;
}
total *= count;
}
if (n > 1) {
total *= 2;
}
return total;
}
unsigned int divisor_product(unsigned int n) {
return pow(n, divisor_count(n) / 2.0);
}
int main() {
const unsigned int limit = 50;
unsigned int n;
printf("Product of divisors for the first %d positive integers:\n", limit);
for (n = 1; n <= limit; ++n) {
printf("%11d", divisor_product(n));
if (n % 5 == 0) {
printf("\n");
}
}
return 0;
}
|
Produce a functionally identical C code for the snippet given in C++. | #include <cmath>
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
unsigned int divisor_count(unsigned int n) {
unsigned int total = 1;
for (; (n & 1) == 0; n >>= 1)
++total;
for (unsigned int p = 3; p * p <= n; p += 2) {
unsigned int count = 1;
for (; n % p == 0; n /= p)
++count;
total *= count;
}
if (n > 1)
total *= 2;
return total;
}
unsigned int divisor_product(unsigned int n) {
return static_cast<unsigned int>(std::pow(n, divisor_count(n)/2.0));
}
int main() {
const unsigned int limit = 50;
std::cout << "Product of divisors for the first " << limit << " positive integers:\n";
for (unsigned int n = 1; n <= limit; ++n) {
std::cout << std::setw(11) << divisor_product(n);
if (n % 5 == 0)
std::cout << '\n';
}
}
| #include <math.h>
#include <stdio.h>
unsigned int divisor_count(unsigned int n) {
unsigned int total = 1;
unsigned int p;
for (; (n & 1) == 0; n >>= 1) {
++total;
}
for (p = 3; p * p <= n; p += 2) {
unsigned int count = 1;
for (; n % p == 0; n /= p) {
++count;
}
total *= count;
}
if (n > 1) {
total *= 2;
}
return total;
}
unsigned int divisor_product(unsigned int n) {
return pow(n, divisor_count(n) / 2.0);
}
int main() {
const unsigned int limit = 50;
unsigned int n;
printf("Product of divisors for the first %d positive integers:\n", limit);
for (n = 1; n <= limit; ++n) {
printf("%11d", divisor_product(n));
if (n % 5 == 0) {
printf("\n");
}
}
return 0;
}
|
Preserve the algorithm and functionality while converting the code from C++ to C. | #include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main() {
string line;
ifstream input ( "input.txt" );
ofstream output ("output.txt");
if (output.is_open()) {
if (input.is_open()){
while (getline (input,line)) {
output << line << endl;
}
input.close();
}
else {
cout << "input.txt cannot be opened!\n";
}
output.close();
}
else {
cout << "output.txt cannot be written to!\n";
}
return 0;
}
| #include <stdio.h>
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
FILE *in, *out;
int c;
in = fopen("input.txt", "r");
if (!in) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error opening input.txt for reading.\n");
return 1;
}
out = fopen("output.txt", "w");
if (!out) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error opening output.txt for writing.\n");
fclose(in);
return 1;
}
while ((c = fgetc(in)) != EOF) {
fputc(c, out);
}
fclose(out);
fclose(in);
return 0;
}
|
Rewrite this program in C while keeping its functionality equivalent to the C++ version. | #include <iostream>
int main()
{
int a, b;
std::cin >> a >> b;
std::cout << "a+b = " << a+b << "\n";
std::cout << "a-b = " << a-b << "\n";
std::cout << "a*b = " << a*b << "\n";
std::cout << "a/b = " << a/b << ", remainder " << a%b << "\n";
return 0;
}
| #include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int a, b;
if (argc < 3) exit(1);
b = atoi(argv[--argc]);
if (b == 0) exit(2);
a = atoi(argv[--argc]);
printf("a+b = %d\n", a+b);
printf("a-b = %d\n", a-b);
printf("a*b = %d\n", a*b);
printf("a/b = %d\n", a/b);
printf("a%%b = %d\n", a%b);
return 0;
}
|
Rewrite the snippet below in C so it works the same as the original C++ code. | #include <boost/numeric/ublas/matrix.hpp>
#include <boost/numeric/ublas/io.hpp>
int main()
{
using namespace boost::numeric::ublas;
matrix<double> m(3,3);
for(int i=0; i!=m.size1(); ++i)
for(int j=0; j!=m.size2(); ++j)
m(i,j)=3*i+j;
std::cout << trans(m) << std::endl;
}
| #include <stdio.h>
void transpose(void *dest, void *src, int src_h, int src_w)
{
int i, j;
double (*d)[src_h] = dest, (*s)[src_w] = src;
for (i = 0; i < src_h; i++)
for (j = 0; j < src_w; j++)
d[j][i] = s[i][j];
}
int main()
{
int i, j;
double a[3][5] = {{ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 },
{ 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 },
{ 1, 0, 0, 0, 42}};
double b[5][3];
transpose(b, a, 3, 5);
for (i = 0; i < 5; i++)
for (j = 0; j < 3; j++)
printf("%g%c", b[i][j], j == 2 ? '\n' : ' ');
return 0;
}
|
Produce a functionally identical C code for the snippet given in C++. | #include <iostream>
#include <tr1/memory>
using std::tr1::shared_ptr;
using std::tr1::enable_shared_from_this;
struct Arg {
virtual int run() = 0;
virtual ~Arg() { };
};
int A(int, shared_ptr<Arg>, shared_ptr<Arg>, shared_ptr<Arg>,
shared_ptr<Arg>, shared_ptr<Arg>);
class B : public Arg, public enable_shared_from_this<B> {
private:
int k;
const shared_ptr<Arg> x1, x2, x3, x4;
public:
B(int _k, shared_ptr<Arg> _x1, shared_ptr<Arg> _x2, shared_ptr<Arg> _x3,
shared_ptr<Arg> _x4)
: k(_k), x1(_x1), x2(_x2), x3(_x3), x4(_x4) { }
int run() {
return A(--k, shared_from_this(), x1, x2, x3, x4);
}
};
class Const : public Arg {
private:
const int x;
public:
Const(int _x) : x(_x) { }
int run () { return x; }
};
int A(int k, shared_ptr<Arg> x1, shared_ptr<Arg> x2, shared_ptr<Arg> x3,
shared_ptr<Arg> x4, shared_ptr<Arg> x5) {
if (k <= 0)
return x4->run() + x5->run();
else {
shared_ptr<Arg> b(new B(k, x1, x2, x3, x4));
return b->run();
}
}
int main() {
std::cout << A(10, shared_ptr<Arg>(new Const(1)),
shared_ptr<Arg>(new Const(-1)),
shared_ptr<Arg>(new Const(-1)),
shared_ptr<Arg>(new Const(1)),
shared_ptr<Arg>(new Const(0))) << std::endl;
return 0;
}
|
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
typedef struct arg
{
int (*fn)(struct arg*);
int *k;
struct arg *x1, *x2, *x3, *x4, *x5;
} ARG;
int f_1 (ARG* _) { return -1; }
int f0 (ARG* _) { return 0; }
int f1 (ARG* _) { return 1; }
int eval(ARG* a) { return a->fn(a); }
#define MAKE_ARG(...) (&(ARG){__VA_ARGS__})
#define FUN(...) MAKE_ARG(B, &k, __VA_ARGS__)
int A(ARG*);
int B(ARG* a)
{
int k = *a->k -= 1;
return A(FUN(a, a->x1, a->x2, a->x3, a->x4));
}
int A(ARG* a)
{
return *a->k <= 0 ? eval(a->x4) + eval(a->x5) : B(a);
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
int k = argc == 2 ? strtol(argv[1], 0, 0) : 10;
printf("%d\n", A(FUN(MAKE_ARG(f1), MAKE_ARG(f_1), MAKE_ARG(f_1),
MAKE_ARG(f1), MAKE_ARG(f0))));
return 0;
}
|
Ensure the translated C code behaves exactly like the original C++ snippet. | #include <iostream>
bool a(bool in)
{
std::cout << "a" << std::endl;
return in;
}
bool b(bool in)
{
std::cout << "b" << std::endl;
return in;
}
void test(bool i, bool j) {
std::cout << std::boolalpha << i << " and " << j << " = " << (a(i) && b(j)) << std::endl;
std::cout << std::boolalpha << i << " or " << j << " = " << (a(i) || b(j)) << std::endl;
}
int main()
{
test(false, false);
test(false, true);
test(true, false);
test(true, true);
return 0;
}
| #include <stdio.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
bool a(bool in)
{
printf("I am a\n");
return in;
}
bool b(bool in)
{
printf("I am b\n");
return in;
}
#define TEST(X,Y,O) \
do { \
x = a(X) O b(Y); \
printf(#X " " #O " " #Y " = %s\n\n", x ? "true" : "false"); \
} while(false);
int main()
{
bool x;
TEST(false, true, &&);
TEST(true, false, ||);
TEST(true, false, &&);
TEST(false, false, ||);
return 0;
}
|
Convert the following code from C++ to C, ensuring the logic remains intact. | #include <iostream>
void recurse(unsigned int i)
{
std::cout<<i<<"\n";
recurse(i+1);
}
int main()
{
recurse(0);
}
| #include <stdio.h>
void recurse(unsigned int i)
{
printf("%d\n", i);
recurse(i+1);
}
int main()
{
recurse(0);
return 0;
}
|
Change the following C++ code into C without altering its purpose. | #include <iostream>
void recurse(unsigned int i)
{
std::cout<<i<<"\n";
recurse(i+1);
}
int main()
{
recurse(0);
}
| #include <stdio.h>
void recurse(unsigned int i)
{
printf("%d\n", i);
recurse(i+1);
}
int main()
{
recurse(0);
return 0;
}
|
Convert this C++ block to C, preserving its control flow and logic. | #include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
int mod(int n, int d) {
return (d + n % d) % d;
}
bool is_prime(int n) {
if (n < 2)
return false;
if (n % 2 == 0)
return n == 2;
if (n % 3 == 0)
return n == 3;
for (int p = 5; p * p <= n; p += 4) {
if (n % p == 0)
return false;
p += 2;
if (n % p == 0)
return false;
}
return true;
}
void print_carmichael_numbers(int prime1) {
for (int h3 = 1; h3 < prime1; ++h3) {
for (int d = 1; d < h3 + prime1; ++d) {
if (mod((h3 + prime1) * (prime1 - 1), d) != 0
|| mod(-prime1 * prime1, h3) != mod(d, h3))
continue;
int prime2 = 1 + (prime1 - 1) * (h3 + prime1)/d;
if (!is_prime(prime2))
continue;
int prime3 = 1 + prime1 * prime2/h3;
if (!is_prime(prime3))
continue;
if (mod(prime2 * prime3, prime1 - 1) != 1)
continue;
unsigned int c = prime1 * prime2 * prime3;
std::cout << std::setw(2) << prime1 << " x "
<< std::setw(4) << prime2 << " x "
<< std::setw(5) << prime3 << " = "
<< std::setw(10) << c << '\n';
}
}
}
int main() {
for (int p = 2; p <= 61; ++p) {
if (is_prime(p))
print_carmichael_numbers(p);
}
return 0;
}
| #include <stdio.h>
#define mod(n,m) ((((n) % (m)) + (m)) % (m))
int is_prime(unsigned int n)
{
if (n <= 3) {
return n > 1;
}
else if (!(n % 2) || !(n % 3)) {
return 0;
}
else {
unsigned int i;
for (i = 5; i*i <= n; i += 6)
if (!(n % i) || !(n % (i + 2)))
return 0;
return 1;
}
}
void carmichael3(int p1)
{
if (!is_prime(p1)) return;
int h3, d, p2, p3;
for (h3 = 1; h3 < p1; ++h3) {
for (d = 1; d < h3 + p1; ++d) {
if ((h3 + p1)*(p1 - 1) % d == 0 && mod(-p1 * p1, h3) == d % h3) {
p2 = 1 + ((p1 - 1) * (h3 + p1)/d);
if (!is_prime(p2)) continue;
p3 = 1 + (p1 * p2 / h3);
if (!is_prime(p3) || (p2 * p3) % (p1 - 1) != 1) continue;
printf("%d %d %d\n", p1, p2, p3);
}
}
}
}
int main(void)
{
int p1;
for (p1 = 2; p1 < 62; ++p1)
carmichael3(p1);
return 0;
}
|
Preserve the algorithm and functionality while converting the code from C++ to C. | #include <cstdio>
void divisor_count_and_sum(unsigned int n,
unsigned int& divisor_count,
unsigned int& divisor_sum)
{
divisor_count = 0;
divisor_sum = 0;
for (unsigned int i = 1;; i++)
{
unsigned int j = n / i;
if (j < i)
break;
if (i * j != n)
continue;
divisor_sum += i;
divisor_count += 1;
if (i != j)
{
divisor_sum += j;
divisor_count += 1;
}
}
}
int main()
{
unsigned int arithmetic_count = 0;
unsigned int composite_count = 0;
for (unsigned int n = 1; arithmetic_count <= 1000000; n++)
{
unsigned int divisor_count;
unsigned int divisor_sum;
divisor_count_and_sum(n, divisor_count, divisor_sum);
unsigned int mean = divisor_sum / divisor_count;
if (mean * divisor_count != divisor_sum)
continue;
arithmetic_count++;
if (divisor_count > 2)
composite_count++;
if (arithmetic_count <= 100)
{
std::printf("%3u ", n);
if (arithmetic_count % 10 == 0)
std::printf("\n");
}
if ((arithmetic_count == 1000) || (arithmetic_count == 10000) ||
(arithmetic_count == 100000) || (arithmetic_count == 1000000))
{
std::printf("\n%uth arithmetic number is %u\n", arithmetic_count, n);
std::printf("Number of composite arithmetic numbers <= %u: %u\n", n, composite_count);
}
}
return 0;
}
| #include <stdio.h>
void divisor_count_and_sum(unsigned int n, unsigned int* pcount,
unsigned int* psum) {
unsigned int divisor_count = 1;
unsigned int divisor_sum = 1;
unsigned int power = 2;
for (; (n & 1) == 0; power <<= 1, n >>= 1) {
++divisor_count;
divisor_sum += power;
}
for (unsigned int p = 3; p * p <= n; p += 2) {
unsigned int count = 1, sum = 1;
for (power = p; n % p == 0; power *= p, n /= p) {
++count;
sum += power;
}
divisor_count *= count;
divisor_sum *= sum;
}
if (n > 1) {
divisor_count *= 2;
divisor_sum *= n + 1;
}
*pcount = divisor_count;
*psum = divisor_sum;
}
int main() {
unsigned int arithmetic_count = 0;
unsigned int composite_count = 0;
for (unsigned int n = 1; arithmetic_count <= 1000000; ++n) {
unsigned int divisor_count;
unsigned int divisor_sum;
divisor_count_and_sum(n, &divisor_count, &divisor_sum);
if (divisor_sum % divisor_count != 0)
continue;
++arithmetic_count;
if (divisor_count > 2)
++composite_count;
if (arithmetic_count <= 100) {
printf("%3u ", n);
if (arithmetic_count % 10 == 0)
printf("\n");
}
if (arithmetic_count == 1000 || arithmetic_count == 10000 ||
arithmetic_count == 100000 || arithmetic_count == 1000000) {
printf("\n%uth arithmetic number is %u\n", arithmetic_count, n);
printf("Number of composite arithmetic numbers <= %u: %u\n", n,
composite_count);
}
}
return 0;
}
|
Change the following C++ code into C without altering its purpose. | #include <cstdio>
void divisor_count_and_sum(unsigned int n,
unsigned int& divisor_count,
unsigned int& divisor_sum)
{
divisor_count = 0;
divisor_sum = 0;
for (unsigned int i = 1;; i++)
{
unsigned int j = n / i;
if (j < i)
break;
if (i * j != n)
continue;
divisor_sum += i;
divisor_count += 1;
if (i != j)
{
divisor_sum += j;
divisor_count += 1;
}
}
}
int main()
{
unsigned int arithmetic_count = 0;
unsigned int composite_count = 0;
for (unsigned int n = 1; arithmetic_count <= 1000000; n++)
{
unsigned int divisor_count;
unsigned int divisor_sum;
divisor_count_and_sum(n, divisor_count, divisor_sum);
unsigned int mean = divisor_sum / divisor_count;
if (mean * divisor_count != divisor_sum)
continue;
arithmetic_count++;
if (divisor_count > 2)
composite_count++;
if (arithmetic_count <= 100)
{
std::printf("%3u ", n);
if (arithmetic_count % 10 == 0)
std::printf("\n");
}
if ((arithmetic_count == 1000) || (arithmetic_count == 10000) ||
(arithmetic_count == 100000) || (arithmetic_count == 1000000))
{
std::printf("\n%uth arithmetic number is %u\n", arithmetic_count, n);
std::printf("Number of composite arithmetic numbers <= %u: %u\n", n, composite_count);
}
}
return 0;
}
| #include <stdio.h>
void divisor_count_and_sum(unsigned int n, unsigned int* pcount,
unsigned int* psum) {
unsigned int divisor_count = 1;
unsigned int divisor_sum = 1;
unsigned int power = 2;
for (; (n & 1) == 0; power <<= 1, n >>= 1) {
++divisor_count;
divisor_sum += power;
}
for (unsigned int p = 3; p * p <= n; p += 2) {
unsigned int count = 1, sum = 1;
for (power = p; n % p == 0; power *= p, n /= p) {
++count;
sum += power;
}
divisor_count *= count;
divisor_sum *= sum;
}
if (n > 1) {
divisor_count *= 2;
divisor_sum *= n + 1;
}
*pcount = divisor_count;
*psum = divisor_sum;
}
int main() {
unsigned int arithmetic_count = 0;
unsigned int composite_count = 0;
for (unsigned int n = 1; arithmetic_count <= 1000000; ++n) {
unsigned int divisor_count;
unsigned int divisor_sum;
divisor_count_and_sum(n, &divisor_count, &divisor_sum);
if (divisor_sum % divisor_count != 0)
continue;
++arithmetic_count;
if (divisor_count > 2)
++composite_count;
if (arithmetic_count <= 100) {
printf("%3u ", n);
if (arithmetic_count % 10 == 0)
printf("\n");
}
if (arithmetic_count == 1000 || arithmetic_count == 10000 ||
arithmetic_count == 100000 || arithmetic_count == 1000000) {
printf("\n%uth arithmetic number is %u\n", arithmetic_count, n);
printf("Number of composite arithmetic numbers <= %u: %u\n", n,
composite_count);
}
}
return 0;
}
|
Produce a functionally identical C code for the snippet given in C++. | #include <windows.h>
#include <sstream>
#include <tchar.h>
using namespace std;
const unsigned int BMP_WID = 320, BMP_HEI = 240, WHITE = 16777215, BLACK = 0;
class myBitmap
{
public:
myBitmap() : pen( NULL ), brush( NULL ), clr( 0 ), wid( 1 ) {}
~myBitmap()
{
DeleteObject( pen ); DeleteObject( brush );
DeleteDC( hdc ); DeleteObject( bmp );
}
bool create( int w, int h )
{
BITMAPINFO bi;
ZeroMemory( &bi, sizeof( bi ) );
bi.bmiHeader.biSize = sizeof( bi.bmiHeader );
bi.bmiHeader.biBitCount = sizeof( DWORD ) * 8;
bi.bmiHeader.biCompression = BI_RGB;
bi.bmiHeader.biPlanes = 1;
bi.bmiHeader.biWidth = w;
bi.bmiHeader.biHeight = -h;
HDC dc = GetDC( GetConsoleWindow() );
bmp = CreateDIBSection( dc, &bi, DIB_RGB_COLORS, &pBits, NULL, 0 );
if( !bmp ) return false;
hdc = CreateCompatibleDC( dc );
SelectObject( hdc, bmp );
ReleaseDC( GetConsoleWindow(), dc );
width = w; height = h;
return true;
}
void clear( BYTE clr = 0 )
{
memset( pBits, clr, width * height * sizeof( DWORD ) );
}
void setBrushColor( DWORD bClr )
{
if( brush ) DeleteObject( brush );
brush = CreateSolidBrush( bClr );
SelectObject( hdc, brush );
}
void setPenColor( DWORD c ) { clr = c; createPen(); }
void setPenWidth( int w ) { wid = w; createPen(); }
void saveBitmap( string path )
{
BITMAPFILEHEADER fileheader;
BITMAPINFO infoheader;
BITMAP bitmap;
DWORD wb;
GetObject( bmp, sizeof( bitmap ), &bitmap );
DWORD* dwpBits = new DWORD[bitmap.bmWidth * bitmap.bmHeight];
ZeroMemory( dwpBits, bitmap.bmWidth * bitmap.bmHeight * sizeof( DWORD ) );
ZeroMemory( &infoheader, sizeof( BITMAPINFO ) );
ZeroMemory( &fileheader, sizeof( BITMAPFILEHEADER ) );
infoheader.bmiHeader.biBitCount = sizeof( DWORD ) * 8;
infoheader.bmiHeader.biCompression = BI_RGB;
infoheader.bmiHeader.biPlanes = 1;
infoheader.bmiHeader.biSize = sizeof( infoheader.bmiHeader );
infoheader.bmiHeader.biHeight = bitmap.bmHeight;
infoheader.bmiHeader.biWidth = bitmap.bmWidth;
infoheader.bmiHeader.biSizeImage = bitmap.bmWidth * bitmap.bmHeight * sizeof( DWORD );
fileheader.bfType = 0x4D42;
fileheader.bfOffBits = sizeof( infoheader.bmiHeader ) + sizeof( BITMAPFILEHEADER );
fileheader.bfSize = fileheader.bfOffBits + infoheader.bmiHeader.biSizeImage;
GetDIBits( hdc, bmp, 0, height, ( LPVOID )dwpBits, &infoheader, DIB_RGB_COLORS );
HANDLE file = CreateFile( path.c_str(), GENERIC_WRITE, 0, NULL, CREATE_ALWAYS, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL );
WriteFile( file, &fileheader, sizeof( BITMAPFILEHEADER ), &wb, NULL );
WriteFile( file, &infoheader.bmiHeader, sizeof( infoheader.bmiHeader ), &wb, NULL );
WriteFile( file, dwpBits, bitmap.bmWidth * bitmap.bmHeight * 4, &wb, NULL );
CloseHandle( file );
delete [] dwpBits;
}
void* getBits( void ) const { return pBits; }
HDC getDC() const { return hdc; }
int getWidth() const { return width; }
int getHeight() const { return height; }
private:
void createPen()
{
if( pen ) DeleteObject( pen );
pen = CreatePen( PS_SOLID, wid, clr );
SelectObject( hdc, pen );
}
HBITMAP bmp;
HDC hdc;
HPEN pen;
HBRUSH brush;
void* pBits;
int width, height, wid;
DWORD clr;
};
class bmpNoise
{
public:
bmpNoise()
{
QueryPerformanceFrequency( &_frequency );
_bmp.create( BMP_WID, BMP_HEI );
_frameTime = _fps = 0; _start = getTime(); _frames = 0;
}
void mainLoop()
{
float now = getTime();
if( now - _start > 1.0f ) { _fps = static_cast<float>( _frames ) / ( now - _start ); _start = now; _frames = 0; }
HDC wdc, dc = _bmp.getDC();
unsigned int* bits = reinterpret_cast<unsigned int*>( _bmp.getBits() );
for( int y = 0; y < BMP_HEI; y++ )
{
for( int x = 0; x < BMP_WID; x++ )
{
if( rand() % 10 < 5 ) memset( bits, 255, 3 );
else memset( bits, 0, 3 );
bits++;
}
}
ostringstream o; o << _fps; TextOut( dc, 0, 0, o.str().c_str(), o.str().size() );
wdc = GetDC( _hwnd );
BitBlt( wdc, 0, 0, BMP_WID, BMP_HEI, dc, 0, 0, SRCCOPY );
ReleaseDC( _hwnd, wdc );
_frames++; _frameTime = getTime() - now;
if( _frameTime > 1.0f ) _frameTime = 1.0f;
}
void setHWND( HWND hwnd ) { _hwnd = hwnd; }
private:
float getTime()
{
LARGE_INTEGER liTime; QueryPerformanceCounter( &liTime );
return liTime.QuadPart / ( float )_frequency.QuadPart;
}
myBitmap _bmp;
HWND _hwnd;
float _start, _fps, _frameTime;
unsigned int _frames;
LARGE_INTEGER _frequency;
};
class wnd
{
public:
wnd() { _inst = this; }
int wnd::Run( HINSTANCE hInst )
{
_hInst = hInst; _hwnd = InitAll();
_noise.setHWND( _hwnd );
ShowWindow( _hwnd, SW_SHOW );
UpdateWindow( _hwnd );
MSG msg;
ZeroMemory( &msg, sizeof( msg ) );
while( msg.message != WM_QUIT )
{
if( PeekMessage( &msg, NULL, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE ) != 0 )
{
TranslateMessage( &msg );
DispatchMessage( &msg );
}
else
{
_noise.mainLoop();
}
}
return UnregisterClass( "_MY_NOISE_", _hInst );
}
private:
static int WINAPI wnd::WndProc( HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam )
{
switch( msg )
{
case WM_DESTROY: PostQuitMessage( 0 ); break;
default:
return DefWindowProc( hWnd, msg, wParam, lParam );
}
return 0;
}
HWND InitAll()
{
WNDCLASSEX wcex;
ZeroMemory( &wcex, sizeof( wcex ) );
wcex.cbSize = sizeof( WNDCLASSEX );
wcex.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
wcex.lpfnWndProc = ( WNDPROC )WndProc;
wcex.hInstance = _hInst;
wcex.hCursor = LoadCursor( NULL, IDC_ARROW );
wcex.hbrBackground = ( HBRUSH )( COLOR_WINDOW + 1 );
wcex.lpszClassName = "_MY_NOISE_";
RegisterClassEx( &wcex );
RECT rc = { 0, 0, BMP_WID, BMP_HEI };
AdjustWindowRect( &rc, WS_SYSMENU | WS_CAPTION, FALSE );
int w = rc.right - rc.left, h = rc.bottom - rc.top;
return CreateWindow( "_MY_NOISE_", ".: Noise image -- PJorente :.", WS_SYSMENU, CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, w, h, NULL, NULL, _hInst, NULL );
}
static wnd* _inst;
HINSTANCE _hInst;
HWND _hwnd;
bmpNoise _noise;
};
wnd* wnd::_inst = 0;
int APIENTRY _tWinMain( HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPTSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow )
{
srand( GetTickCount() ); wnd myWnd;
return myWnd.Run( hInstance );
}
| #include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <SDL/SDL.h>
unsigned int frames = 0;
unsigned int t_acc = 0;
void print_fps ()
{
static Uint32 last_t = 0;
Uint32 t = SDL_GetTicks();
Uint32 dt = t - last_t;
t_acc += dt;
if (t_acc > 1000)
{
unsigned int el_time = t_acc / 1000;
printf("- fps: %g\n",
(float) frames / (float) el_time);
t_acc = 0;
frames = 0;
}
last_t = t;
}
void blit_noise(SDL_Surface *surf)
{
unsigned int i;
long dim = surf->w * surf->h;
while (1)
{
SDL_LockSurface(surf);
for (i=0; i < dim; ++i) {
((unsigned char *)surf->pixels)[i] = ((rand() & 1) ? 255 : 0);
}
SDL_UnlockSurface(surf);
SDL_Flip(surf);
++frames;
print_fps();
}
}
int main(void)
{
SDL_Surface *surf = NULL;
srand((unsigned int)time(NULL));
SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_TIMER | SDL_INIT_VIDEO);
surf = SDL_SetVideoMode(320, 240, 8, SDL_DOUBLEBUF | SDL_HWSURFACE);
blit_noise(surf);
}
|
Port the following code from C++ to C with equivalent syntax and logic. | #include <conio.h>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
char ch;
_cputs( "Yes or no?" );
do
{
ch = _getch();
ch = toupper( ch );
} while(ch!='Y'&&ch!='N');
if(ch=='N')
{
cout << "You said no" << endl;
}
else
{
cout << "You said yes" << endl;
}
return 0;
}
| #include <stdio.h>
#include <termios.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
void set_mode(int want_key)
{
static struct termios old, new;
if (!want_key) {
tcsetattr(STDIN_FILENO, TCSANOW, &old);
return;
}
tcgetattr(STDIN_FILENO, &old);
new = old;
new.c_lflag &= ~(ICANON);
tcsetattr(STDIN_FILENO, TCSANOW, &new);
}
int get_key(int no_timeout)
{
int c = 0;
struct timeval tv;
fd_set fs;
tv.tv_usec = tv.tv_sec = 0;
FD_ZERO(&fs);
FD_SET(STDIN_FILENO, &fs);
select(STDIN_FILENO + 1, &fs, 0, 0, no_timeout ? 0 : &tv);
if (FD_ISSET(STDIN_FILENO, &fs)) {
c = getchar();
set_mode(0);
}
return c;
}
int main()
{
int c;
while(1) {
set_mode(1);
while (get_key(0));
printf("Prompt again [Y/N]? ");
fflush(stdout);
c = get_key(1);
if (c == 'Y' || c == 'y') {
printf("\n");
continue;
}
if (c == 'N' || c == 'n') {
printf("\nDone\n");
break;
}
printf("\nYes or no?\n");
}
return 0;
}
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.