Instruction
stringlengths
45
106
input_code
stringlengths
1
13.7k
output_code
stringlengths
1
13.7k
Change the following Java code into C++ without altering its purpose.
import java.util.Scanner; public class Pigdice { public static void main(String[] args) { Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in); int players = 0; while(true) { System.out.println("Hello, welcome to Pig Dice the game! How many players? "); if(scan.hasNextInt()) { int nextInt = scan.nextInt(); if(nextInt > 0) { players = nextInt; break; } } else { System.out.println("That wasn't an integer. Try again. \n"); scan.next(); } } System.out.println("Alright, starting with " + players + " players. \n"); play(players, scan); scan.close(); } public static void play(int group, Scanner scan) { final int STRATEGIES = 5; Dice dice = new Dice(); Player[] players = new Player[group]; for(int count = 0; count < group; count++) { players[count] = new Player(count); System.out.println("Player " + players[count].getNumber() + " is alive! "); } System.out.println("Each strategy is numbered 0 - " + (STRATEGIES - 1) + ". They are as follows: "); System.out.println(">> Enter '0' for a human player. "); System.out.println(">> Strategy 1 is a basic strategy where the AI rolls until 20+ points and holds unless the current max is 75+."); System.out.println(">> Strategy 2 is a basic strategy where the AI, after 3 successful rolls, will randomly decide to roll or hold. "); System.out.println(">> Strategy 3 is similar to strategy 2, except it's a little gutsier and will attempt 5 successful rolls. "); System.out.println(">> Strategy 4 is like a mix between strategies 1 and 3. After turn points are >= 20 and while max points are still less than 75, it will randomly hold or roll. "); for(Player player : players) { System.out.println("\nWhat strategy would you like player " + player.getNumber() + " to use? "); while(true) { if(scan.hasNextInt()) { int nextInt = scan.nextInt(); if (nextInt < Strategy.STRATEGIES.length) { player.setStrategy(Strategy.STRATEGIES[nextInt]); break; } } else { System.out.println("That wasn't an option. Try again. "); scan.next(); } } } int max = 0; while(max < 100) { for(Player player : players) { System.out.println(">> Beginning Player " + player.getNumber() + "'s turn. "); player.setTurnPoints(0); player.setMax(max); while(true) { Move choice = player.choose(); if(choice == Move.ROLL) { int roll = dice.roll(); System.out.println(" A " + roll + " was rolled. "); player.setTurnPoints(player.getTurnPoints() + roll); player.incIter(); if(roll == 1) { player.setTurnPoints(0); break; } } else { System.out.println(" The player has held. "); break; } } player.addPoints(player.getTurnPoints()); System.out.println(" Player " + player.getNumber() + "'s turn is now over. Their total is " + player.getPoints() + ". \n"); player.resetIter(); if(max < player.getPoints()) { max = player.getPoints(); } if(max >= 100) { System.out.println("Player " + player.getNumber() + " wins with " + max + " points! End scores: "); for(Player p : players) { System.out.println("Player " + p.getNumber() + " had " + p.getPoints() + " points. "); } break; } } } } }
#include <windows.h> #include <iostream> #include <string> using namespace std; const int PLAYERS = 4, MAX_POINTS = 100; enum Moves { ROLL, HOLD }; class player { public: player() { current_score = round_score = 0; } void addCurrScore() { current_score += round_score; } int getCurrScore() { return current_score; } int getRoundScore() { return round_score; } void addRoundScore( int rs ) { round_score += rs; } void zeroRoundScore() { round_score = 0; } virtual int getMove() = 0; virtual ~player() {} protected: int current_score, round_score; }; class RAND_Player : public player { virtual int getMove() { if( round_score + current_score >= MAX_POINTS ) return HOLD; if( rand() % 10 < 5 ) return ROLL; if( round_score > 0 ) return HOLD; return ROLL; } }; class Q2WIN_Player : public player { virtual int getMove() { if( round_score + current_score >= MAX_POINTS ) return HOLD; int q = MAX_POINTS - current_score; if( q < 6 ) return ROLL; q /= 4; if( round_score < q ) return ROLL; return HOLD; } }; class AL20_Player : public player { virtual int getMove() { if( round_score + current_score >= MAX_POINTS ) return HOLD; if( round_score < 20 ) return ROLL; return HOLD; } }; class AL20T_Player : public player { virtual int getMove() { if( round_score + current_score >= MAX_POINTS ) return HOLD; int d = ( 100 * round_score ) / 20; if( round_score < 20 && d < rand() % 100 ) return ROLL; return HOLD; } }; class Auto_pigGame { public: Auto_pigGame() { _players[0] = new RAND_Player(); _players[1] = new Q2WIN_Player(); _players[2] = new AL20_Player(); _players[3] = new AL20T_Player(); } ~Auto_pigGame() { delete _players[0]; delete _players[1]; delete _players[2]; delete _players[3]; } void play() { int die, p = 0; bool endGame = false; while( !endGame ) { switch( _players[p]->getMove() ) { case ROLL: die = rand() % 6 + 1; if( die == 1 ) { cout << "Player " << p + 1 << " rolled " << die << " - current score: " << _players[p]->getCurrScore() << endl << endl; nextTurn( p ); continue; } _players[p]->addRoundScore( die ); cout << "Player " << p + 1 << " rolled " << die << " - round score: " << _players[p]->getRoundScore() << endl; break; case HOLD: _players[p]->addCurrScore(); cout << "Player " << p + 1 << " holds - current score: " << _players[p]->getCurrScore() << endl << endl; if( _players[p]->getCurrScore() >= MAX_POINTS ) endGame = true; else nextTurn( p ); } } showScore(); } private: void nextTurn( int& p ) { _players[p]->zeroRoundScore(); ++p %= PLAYERS; } void showScore() { cout << endl; cout << "Player I (RAND): " << _players[0]->getCurrScore() << endl; cout << "Player II (Q2WIN): " << _players[1]->getCurrScore() << endl; cout << "Player III (AL20): " << _players[2]->getCurrScore() << endl; cout << "Player IV (AL20T): " << _players[3]->getCurrScore() << endl << endl << endl; system( "pause" ); } player* _players[PLAYERS]; }; int main( int argc, char* argv[] ) { srand( GetTickCount() ); Auto_pigGame pg; pg.play(); return 0; }
Keep all operations the same but rewrite the snippet in C++.
import java.util.Scanner; public class Pigdice { public static void main(String[] args) { Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in); int players = 0; while(true) { System.out.println("Hello, welcome to Pig Dice the game! How many players? "); if(scan.hasNextInt()) { int nextInt = scan.nextInt(); if(nextInt > 0) { players = nextInt; break; } } else { System.out.println("That wasn't an integer. Try again. \n"); scan.next(); } } System.out.println("Alright, starting with " + players + " players. \n"); play(players, scan); scan.close(); } public static void play(int group, Scanner scan) { final int STRATEGIES = 5; Dice dice = new Dice(); Player[] players = new Player[group]; for(int count = 0; count < group; count++) { players[count] = new Player(count); System.out.println("Player " + players[count].getNumber() + " is alive! "); } System.out.println("Each strategy is numbered 0 - " + (STRATEGIES - 1) + ". They are as follows: "); System.out.println(">> Enter '0' for a human player. "); System.out.println(">> Strategy 1 is a basic strategy where the AI rolls until 20+ points and holds unless the current max is 75+."); System.out.println(">> Strategy 2 is a basic strategy where the AI, after 3 successful rolls, will randomly decide to roll or hold. "); System.out.println(">> Strategy 3 is similar to strategy 2, except it's a little gutsier and will attempt 5 successful rolls. "); System.out.println(">> Strategy 4 is like a mix between strategies 1 and 3. After turn points are >= 20 and while max points are still less than 75, it will randomly hold or roll. "); for(Player player : players) { System.out.println("\nWhat strategy would you like player " + player.getNumber() + " to use? "); while(true) { if(scan.hasNextInt()) { int nextInt = scan.nextInt(); if (nextInt < Strategy.STRATEGIES.length) { player.setStrategy(Strategy.STRATEGIES[nextInt]); break; } } else { System.out.println("That wasn't an option. Try again. "); scan.next(); } } } int max = 0; while(max < 100) { for(Player player : players) { System.out.println(">> Beginning Player " + player.getNumber() + "'s turn. "); player.setTurnPoints(0); player.setMax(max); while(true) { Move choice = player.choose(); if(choice == Move.ROLL) { int roll = dice.roll(); System.out.println(" A " + roll + " was rolled. "); player.setTurnPoints(player.getTurnPoints() + roll); player.incIter(); if(roll == 1) { player.setTurnPoints(0); break; } } else { System.out.println(" The player has held. "); break; } } player.addPoints(player.getTurnPoints()); System.out.println(" Player " + player.getNumber() + "'s turn is now over. Their total is " + player.getPoints() + ". \n"); player.resetIter(); if(max < player.getPoints()) { max = player.getPoints(); } if(max >= 100) { System.out.println("Player " + player.getNumber() + " wins with " + max + " points! End scores: "); for(Player p : players) { System.out.println("Player " + p.getNumber() + " had " + p.getPoints() + " points. "); } break; } } } } }
#include <windows.h> #include <iostream> #include <string> using namespace std; const int PLAYERS = 4, MAX_POINTS = 100; enum Moves { ROLL, HOLD }; class player { public: player() { current_score = round_score = 0; } void addCurrScore() { current_score += round_score; } int getCurrScore() { return current_score; } int getRoundScore() { return round_score; } void addRoundScore( int rs ) { round_score += rs; } void zeroRoundScore() { round_score = 0; } virtual int getMove() = 0; virtual ~player() {} protected: int current_score, round_score; }; class RAND_Player : public player { virtual int getMove() { if( round_score + current_score >= MAX_POINTS ) return HOLD; if( rand() % 10 < 5 ) return ROLL; if( round_score > 0 ) return HOLD; return ROLL; } }; class Q2WIN_Player : public player { virtual int getMove() { if( round_score + current_score >= MAX_POINTS ) return HOLD; int q = MAX_POINTS - current_score; if( q < 6 ) return ROLL; q /= 4; if( round_score < q ) return ROLL; return HOLD; } }; class AL20_Player : public player { virtual int getMove() { if( round_score + current_score >= MAX_POINTS ) return HOLD; if( round_score < 20 ) return ROLL; return HOLD; } }; class AL20T_Player : public player { virtual int getMove() { if( round_score + current_score >= MAX_POINTS ) return HOLD; int d = ( 100 * round_score ) / 20; if( round_score < 20 && d < rand() % 100 ) return ROLL; return HOLD; } }; class Auto_pigGame { public: Auto_pigGame() { _players[0] = new RAND_Player(); _players[1] = new Q2WIN_Player(); _players[2] = new AL20_Player(); _players[3] = new AL20T_Player(); } ~Auto_pigGame() { delete _players[0]; delete _players[1]; delete _players[2]; delete _players[3]; } void play() { int die, p = 0; bool endGame = false; while( !endGame ) { switch( _players[p]->getMove() ) { case ROLL: die = rand() % 6 + 1; if( die == 1 ) { cout << "Player " << p + 1 << " rolled " << die << " - current score: " << _players[p]->getCurrScore() << endl << endl; nextTurn( p ); continue; } _players[p]->addRoundScore( die ); cout << "Player " << p + 1 << " rolled " << die << " - round score: " << _players[p]->getRoundScore() << endl; break; case HOLD: _players[p]->addCurrScore(); cout << "Player " << p + 1 << " holds - current score: " << _players[p]->getCurrScore() << endl << endl; if( _players[p]->getCurrScore() >= MAX_POINTS ) endGame = true; else nextTurn( p ); } } showScore(); } private: void nextTurn( int& p ) { _players[p]->zeroRoundScore(); ++p %= PLAYERS; } void showScore() { cout << endl; cout << "Player I (RAND): " << _players[0]->getCurrScore() << endl; cout << "Player II (Q2WIN): " << _players[1]->getCurrScore() << endl; cout << "Player III (AL20): " << _players[2]->getCurrScore() << endl; cout << "Player IV (AL20T): " << _players[3]->getCurrScore() << endl << endl << endl; system( "pause" ); } player* _players[PLAYERS]; }; int main( int argc, char* argv[] ) { srand( GetTickCount() ); Auto_pigGame pg; pg.play(); return 0; }
Change the programming language of this snippet from Java to C++ without modifying what it does.
import java.math.BigInteger; import java.util.*; public class Lychrel { static Map<BigInteger, Tuple> cache = new HashMap<>(); static class Tuple { final Boolean flag; final BigInteger bi; Tuple(boolean f, BigInteger b) { flag = f; bi = b; } } static BigInteger rev(BigInteger bi) { String s = new StringBuilder(bi.toString()).reverse().toString(); return new BigInteger(s); } static Tuple lychrel(BigInteger n) { Tuple res; if ((res = cache.get(n)) != null) return res; BigInteger r = rev(n); res = new Tuple(true, n); List<BigInteger> seen = new ArrayList<>(); for (int i = 0; i < 500; i++) { n = n.add(r); r = rev(n); if (n.equals(r)) { res = new Tuple(false, BigInteger.ZERO); break; } if (cache.containsKey(n)) { res = cache.get(n); break; } seen.add(n); } for (BigInteger bi : seen) cache.put(bi, res); return res; } public static void main(String[] args) { List<BigInteger> seeds = new ArrayList<>(); List<BigInteger> related = new ArrayList<>(); List<BigInteger> palin = new ArrayList<>(); for (int i = 1; i <= 10_000; i++) { BigInteger n = BigInteger.valueOf(i); Tuple t = lychrel(n); if (!t.flag) continue; if (n.equals(t.bi)) seeds.add(t.bi); else related.add(t.bi); if (n.equals(t.bi)) palin.add(t.bi); } System.out.printf("%d Lychrel seeds: %s%n", seeds.size(), seeds); System.out.printf("%d Lychrel related%n", related.size()); System.out.printf("%d Lychrel palindromes: %s%n", palin.size(), palin); } }
#include <iostream> #include <map> #include <vector> #include <gmpxx.h> using integer = mpz_class; integer reverse(integer n) { integer rev = 0; while (n > 0) { rev = rev * 10 + (n % 10); n /= 10; } return rev; } void print_vector(const std::vector<integer>& vec) { if (vec.empty()) return; auto i = vec.begin(); std::cout << *i++; for (; i != vec.end(); ++i) std::cout << ", " << *i; std::cout << '\n'; } int main() { std::map<integer, std::pair<bool, integer>> cache; std::vector<integer> seeds, related, palindromes; for (integer n = 1; n <= 10000; ++n) { std::pair<bool, integer> p(true, n); std::vector<integer> seen; integer rev = reverse(n); integer sum = n; for (int i = 0; i < 500; ++i) { sum += rev; rev = reverse(sum); if (rev == sum) { p.first = false; p.second = 0; break; } auto iter = cache.find(sum); if (iter != cache.end()) { p = iter->second; break; } seen.push_back(sum); } for (integer s : seen) cache.emplace(s, p); if (!p.first) continue; if (p.second == n) seeds.push_back(n); else related.push_back(n); if (n == reverse(n)) palindromes.push_back(n); } std::cout << "number of seeds: " << seeds.size() << '\n'; std::cout << "seeds: "; print_vector(seeds); std::cout << "number of related: " << related.size() << '\n'; std::cout << "palindromes: "; print_vector(palindromes); return 0; }
Translate the given Java code snippet into C++ without altering its behavior.
import java.math.BigInteger; import java.util.*; public class Lychrel { static Map<BigInteger, Tuple> cache = new HashMap<>(); static class Tuple { final Boolean flag; final BigInteger bi; Tuple(boolean f, BigInteger b) { flag = f; bi = b; } } static BigInteger rev(BigInteger bi) { String s = new StringBuilder(bi.toString()).reverse().toString(); return new BigInteger(s); } static Tuple lychrel(BigInteger n) { Tuple res; if ((res = cache.get(n)) != null) return res; BigInteger r = rev(n); res = new Tuple(true, n); List<BigInteger> seen = new ArrayList<>(); for (int i = 0; i < 500; i++) { n = n.add(r); r = rev(n); if (n.equals(r)) { res = new Tuple(false, BigInteger.ZERO); break; } if (cache.containsKey(n)) { res = cache.get(n); break; } seen.add(n); } for (BigInteger bi : seen) cache.put(bi, res); return res; } public static void main(String[] args) { List<BigInteger> seeds = new ArrayList<>(); List<BigInteger> related = new ArrayList<>(); List<BigInteger> palin = new ArrayList<>(); for (int i = 1; i <= 10_000; i++) { BigInteger n = BigInteger.valueOf(i); Tuple t = lychrel(n); if (!t.flag) continue; if (n.equals(t.bi)) seeds.add(t.bi); else related.add(t.bi); if (n.equals(t.bi)) palin.add(t.bi); } System.out.printf("%d Lychrel seeds: %s%n", seeds.size(), seeds); System.out.printf("%d Lychrel related%n", related.size()); System.out.printf("%d Lychrel palindromes: %s%n", palin.size(), palin); } }
#include <iostream> #include <map> #include <vector> #include <gmpxx.h> using integer = mpz_class; integer reverse(integer n) { integer rev = 0; while (n > 0) { rev = rev * 10 + (n % 10); n /= 10; } return rev; } void print_vector(const std::vector<integer>& vec) { if (vec.empty()) return; auto i = vec.begin(); std::cout << *i++; for (; i != vec.end(); ++i) std::cout << ", " << *i; std::cout << '\n'; } int main() { std::map<integer, std::pair<bool, integer>> cache; std::vector<integer> seeds, related, palindromes; for (integer n = 1; n <= 10000; ++n) { std::pair<bool, integer> p(true, n); std::vector<integer> seen; integer rev = reverse(n); integer sum = n; for (int i = 0; i < 500; ++i) { sum += rev; rev = reverse(sum); if (rev == sum) { p.first = false; p.second = 0; break; } auto iter = cache.find(sum); if (iter != cache.end()) { p = iter->second; break; } seen.push_back(sum); } for (integer s : seen) cache.emplace(s, p); if (!p.first) continue; if (p.second == n) seeds.push_back(n); else related.push_back(n); if (n == reverse(n)) palindromes.push_back(n); } std::cout << "number of seeds: " << seeds.size() << '\n'; std::cout << "seeds: "; print_vector(seeds); std::cout << "number of related: " << related.size() << '\n'; std::cout << "palindromes: "; print_vector(palindromes); return 0; }
Rewrite the snippet below in C++ so it works the same as the original Java code.
import java.util.*; public class ErdosSelfridge { private int[] primes; private int[] category; public static void main(String[] args) { ErdosSelfridge es = new ErdosSelfridge(1000000); System.out.println("First 200 primes:"); for (var e : es.getPrimesByCategory(200).entrySet()) { int category = e.getKey(); List<Integer> primes = e.getValue(); System.out.printf("Category %d:\n", category); for (int i = 0, n = primes.size(); i != n; ++i) System.out.printf("%4d%c", primes.get(i), (i + 1) % 15 == 0 ? '\n' : ' '); System.out.printf("\n\n"); } System.out.println("First 1,000,000 primes:"); for (var e : es.getPrimesByCategory(1000000).entrySet()) { int category = e.getKey(); List<Integer> primes = e.getValue(); System.out.printf("Category %2d: first = %7d last = %8d count = %d\n", category, primes.get(0), primes.get(primes.size() - 1), primes.size()); } } private ErdosSelfridge(int limit) { PrimeGenerator primeGen = new PrimeGenerator(100000, 200000); List<Integer> primeList = new ArrayList<>(); for (int i = 0; i < limit; ++i) primeList.add(primeGen.nextPrime()); primes = new int[primeList.size()]; for (int i = 0; i < primes.length; ++i) primes[i] = primeList.get(i); category = new int[primes.length]; } private Map<Integer, List<Integer>> getPrimesByCategory(int limit) { Map<Integer, List<Integer>> result = new TreeMap<>(); for (int i = 0; i < limit; ++i) { var p = result.computeIfAbsent(getCategory(i), k -> new ArrayList<Integer>()); p.add(primes[i]); } return result; } private int getCategory(int index) { if (category[index] != 0) return category[index]; int maxCategory = 0; int n = primes[index] + 1; for (int i = 0; n > 1; ++i) { int p = primes[i]; if (p * p > n) break; int count = 0; for (; n % p == 0; ++count) n /= p; if (count != 0) { int category = (p <= 3) ? 1 : 1 + getCategory(i); maxCategory = Math.max(maxCategory, category); } } if (n > 1) { int category = (n <= 3) ? 1 : 1 + getCategory(getIndex(n)); maxCategory = Math.max(maxCategory, category); } category[index] = maxCategory; return maxCategory; } private int getIndex(int prime) { return Arrays.binarySearch(primes, prime); } }
#include <algorithm> #include <cassert> #include <iomanip> #include <iostream> #include <map> #include <vector> #include <primesieve.hpp> class erdos_selfridge { public: explicit erdos_selfridge(int limit); uint64_t get_prime(int index) const { return primes_[index].first; } int get_category(int index); private: std::vector<std::pair<uint64_t, int>> primes_; size_t get_index(uint64_t prime) const; }; erdos_selfridge::erdos_selfridge(int limit) { primesieve::iterator iter; for (int i = 0; i < limit; ++i) primes_.emplace_back(iter.next_prime(), 0); } int erdos_selfridge::get_category(int index) { auto& pair = primes_[index]; if (pair.second != 0) return pair.second; int max_category = 0; uint64_t n = pair.first + 1; for (int i = 0; n > 1; ++i) { uint64_t p = primes_[i].first; if (p * p > n) break; int count = 0; for (; n % p == 0; ++count) n /= p; if (count != 0) { int category = (p <= 3) ? 1 : 1 + get_category(i); max_category = std::max(max_category, category); } } if (n > 1) { int category = (n <= 3) ? 1 : 1 + get_category(get_index(n)); max_category = std::max(max_category, category); } pair.second = max_category; return max_category; } size_t erdos_selfridge::get_index(uint64_t prime) const { auto it = std::lower_bound(primes_.begin(), primes_.end(), prime, [](const std::pair<uint64_t, int>& p, uint64_t n) { return p.first < n; }); assert(it != primes_.end()); assert(it->first == prime); return std::distance(primes_.begin(), it); } auto get_primes_by_category(erdos_selfridge& es, int limit) { std::map<int, std::vector<uint64_t>> primes_by_category; for (int i = 0; i < limit; ++i) { uint64_t prime = es.get_prime(i); int category = es.get_category(i); primes_by_category[category].push_back(prime); } return primes_by_category; } int main() { const int limit1 = 200, limit2 = 1000000; erdos_selfridge es(limit2); std::cout << "First 200 primes:\n"; for (const auto& p : get_primes_by_category(es, limit1)) { std::cout << "Category " << p.first << ":\n"; for (size_t i = 0, n = p.second.size(); i != n; ++i) { std::cout << std::setw(4) << p.second[i] << ((i + 1) % 15 == 0 ? '\n' : ' '); } std::cout << "\n\n"; } std::cout << "First 1,000,000 primes:\n"; for (const auto& p : get_primes_by_category(es, limit2)) { const auto& v = p.second; std::cout << "Category " << std::setw(2) << p.first << ": " << "first = " << std::setw(7) << v.front() << " last = " << std::setw(8) << v.back() << " count = " << v.size() << '\n'; } }
Maintain the same structure and functionality when rewriting this code in C++.
import java.io.*; public class SierpinskiSquareCurve { public static void main(final String[] args) { try (Writer writer = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter("sierpinski_square.svg"))) { SierpinskiSquareCurve s = new SierpinskiSquareCurve(writer); int size = 635, length = 5; s.currentAngle = 0; s.currentX = (size - length)/2; s.currentY = length; s.lineLength = length; s.begin(size); s.execute(rewrite(5)); s.end(); } catch (final Exception ex) { ex.printStackTrace(); } } private SierpinskiSquareCurve(final Writer writer) { this.writer = writer; } private void begin(final int size) throws IOException { write("<svg xmlns='http: write("<rect width='100%%' height='100%%' fill='white'/>\n"); write("<path stroke-width='1' stroke='black' fill='none' d='"); } private void end() throws IOException { write("'/>\n</svg>\n"); } private void execute(final String s) throws IOException { write("M%g,%g\n", currentX, currentY); for (int i = 0, n = s.length(); i < n; ++i) { switch (s.charAt(i)) { case 'F': line(lineLength); break; case '+': turn(ANGLE); break; case '-': turn(-ANGLE); break; } } } private void line(final double length) throws IOException { final double theta = (Math.PI * currentAngle) / 180.0; currentX += length * Math.cos(theta); currentY += length * Math.sin(theta); write("L%g,%g\n", currentX, currentY); } private void turn(final int angle) { currentAngle = (currentAngle + angle) % 360; } private void write(final String format, final Object... args) throws IOException { writer.write(String.format(format, args)); } private static String rewrite(final int order) { String s = AXIOM; for (int i = 0; i < order; ++i) { final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); for (int j = 0, n = s.length(); j < n; ++j) { final char ch = s.charAt(j); if (ch == 'X') sb.append(PRODUCTION); else sb.append(ch); } s = sb.toString(); } return s; } private final Writer writer; private double lineLength; private double currentX; private double currentY; private int currentAngle; private static final String AXIOM = "F+XF+F+XF"; private static final String PRODUCTION = "XF-F+F-XF+F+XF-F+F-X"; private static final int ANGLE = 90; }
#include <cmath> #include <fstream> #include <iostream> #include <string> class sierpinski_square { public: void write(std::ostream& out, int size, int length, int order); private: static std::string rewrite(const std::string& s); void line(std::ostream& out); void execute(std::ostream& out, const std::string& s); double x_; double y_; int angle_; int length_; }; void sierpinski_square::write(std::ostream& out, int size, int length, int order) { length_ = length; x_ = (size - length)/2; y_ = length; angle_ = 0; out << "<svg xmlns='http: << size << "' height='" << size << "'>\n"; out << "<rect width='100%' height='100%' fill='white'/>\n"; out << "<path stroke-width='1' stroke='black' fill='none' d='"; std::string s = "F+XF+F+XF"; for (int i = 0; i < order; ++i) s = rewrite(s); execute(out, s); out << "'/>\n</svg>\n"; } std::string sierpinski_square::rewrite(const std::string& s) { std::string t; for (char c : s) { if (c == 'X') t += "XF-F+F-XF+F+XF-F+F-X"; else t += c; } return t; } void sierpinski_square::line(std::ostream& out) { double theta = (3.14159265359 * angle_)/180.0; x_ += length_ * std::cos(theta); y_ += length_ * std::sin(theta); out << " L" << x_ << ',' << y_; } void sierpinski_square::execute(std::ostream& out, const std::string& s) { out << 'M' << x_ << ',' << y_; for (char c : s) { switch (c) { case 'F': line(out); break; case '+': angle_ = (angle_ + 90) % 360; break; case '-': angle_ = (angle_ - 90) % 360; break; } } } int main() { std::ofstream out("sierpinski_square.svg"); if (!out) { std::cerr << "Cannot open output file\n"; return 1; } sierpinski_square s; s.write(out, 635, 5, 5); return 0; }
Write the same code in C++ as shown below in Java.
import java.math.BigInteger; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Collections; import java.util.HashSet; import java.util.List; import java.util.Set; public class PowerfulNumbers { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.printf("Task: For k = 2..10, generate the set of k-powerful numbers <= 10^k and show the first 5 and the last 5 terms, along with the length of the set%n"); for ( int k = 2 ; k <= 10 ; k++ ) { BigInteger max = BigInteger.valueOf(10).pow(k); List<BigInteger> powerfulNumbers = getPowerFulNumbers(max, k); System.out.printf("There are %d %d-powerful numbers between 1 and %d. %nList: %s%n", powerfulNumbers.size(), k, max, getList(powerfulNumbers)); } System.out.printf("%nTask: For k = 2..10, show the number of k-powerful numbers less than or equal to 10^j, for 0 <= j < k+10%n"); for ( int k = 2 ; k <= 10 ; k++ ) { List<Integer> powCount = new ArrayList<>(); for ( int j = 0 ; j < k+10 ; j++ ) { BigInteger max = BigInteger.valueOf(10).pow(j); powCount.add(countPowerFulNumbers(max, k)); } System.out.printf("Count of %2d-powerful numbers <= 10^j, j in [0, %d]: %s%n", k, k+9, powCount); } } private static String getList(List<BigInteger> list) { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); sb.append(list.subList(0, 5).toString().replace("]", "")); sb.append(" ... "); sb.append(list.subList(list.size()-5, list.size()).toString().replace("[", "")); return sb.toString(); } private static int countPowerFulNumbers(BigInteger max, int k) { return potentialPowerful(max, k).size(); } private static List<BigInteger> getPowerFulNumbers(BigInteger max, int k) { List<BigInteger> powerfulNumbers = new ArrayList<>(potentialPowerful(max, k)); Collections.sort(powerfulNumbers); return powerfulNumbers; } private static Set<BigInteger> potentialPowerful(BigInteger max, int k) { int[] indexes = new int[k]; for ( int i = 0 ; i < k ; i++ ) { indexes[i] = 1; } Set<BigInteger> powerful = new HashSet<>(); boolean foundPower = true; while ( foundPower ) { boolean genPowerful = false; for ( int index = 0 ; index < k ; index++ ) { BigInteger power = BigInteger.ONE; for ( int i = 0 ; i < k ; i++ ) { power = power.multiply(BigInteger.valueOf(indexes[i]).pow(k+i)); } if ( power.compareTo(max) <= 0 ) { powerful.add(power); indexes[0] += 1; genPowerful = true; break; } else { indexes[index] = 1; if ( index < k-1 ) { indexes[index+1] += 1; } } } if ( ! genPowerful ) { foundPower = false; } } return powerful; } }
#include <algorithm> #include <cmath> #include <cstdint> #include <iostream> #include <numeric> #include <vector> bool is_square_free(uint64_t n) { static constexpr uint64_t primes[] { 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89, 97 }; for (auto p : primes) { auto p2 = p * p; if (p2 > n) break; if (n % p2 == 0) return false; } return true; } uint64_t iroot(uint64_t n, uint64_t r) { static constexpr double adj = 1e-6; return static_cast<uint64_t>(std::pow(n, 1.0/r) + adj); } uint64_t ipow(uint64_t n, uint64_t p) { uint64_t prod = 1; for (; p > 0; p >>= 1) { if (p & 1) prod *= n; n *= n; } return prod; } std::vector<uint64_t> powerful(uint64_t n, uint64_t k) { std::vector<uint64_t> result; std::function<void(uint64_t, uint64_t)> f = [&](uint64_t m, uint64_t r) { if (r < k) { result.push_back(m); return; } uint64_t root = iroot(n/m, r); for (uint64_t v = 1; v <= root; ++v) { if (r > k && (!is_square_free(v) || std::gcd(m, v) != 1)) continue; f(m * ipow(v, r), r - 1); } }; f(1, 2*k - 1); std::sort(result.begin(), result.end()); return result; } uint64_t powerful_count(uint64_t n, uint64_t k) { uint64_t count = 0; std::function<void(uint64_t, uint64_t)> f = [&](uint64_t m, uint64_t r) { if (r <= k) { count += iroot(n/m, r); return; } uint64_t root = iroot(n/m, r); for (uint64_t v = 1; v <= root; ++v) { if (is_square_free(v) && std::gcd(m, v) == 1) f(m * ipow(v, r), r - 1); } }; f(1, 2*k - 1); return count; } int main() { const size_t max = 5; for (uint64_t k = 2, p = 100; k <= 10; ++k, p *= 10) { auto result = powerful(p, k); std::cout << result.size() << " " << k << "-powerful numbers <= 10^" << k << ":"; for (size_t i = 0; i < result.size(); ++i) { if (i == max) std::cout << " ..."; else if (i < max || i + max >= result.size()) std::cout << ' ' << result[i]; } std::cout << '\n'; } std::cout << '\n'; for (uint64_t k = 2; k <= 10; ++k) { std::cout << "Count of " << k << "-powerful numbers <= 10^j for 0 <= j < " << k + 10 << ":"; for (uint64_t j = 0, p = 1; j < k + 10; ++j, p *= 10) std::cout << ' ' << powerful_count(p, k); std::cout << '\n'; } }
Convert this Java snippet to C++ and keep its semantics consistent.
import java.math.BigInteger; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Collections; import java.util.HashSet; import java.util.List; import java.util.Set; public class PowerfulNumbers { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.printf("Task: For k = 2..10, generate the set of k-powerful numbers <= 10^k and show the first 5 and the last 5 terms, along with the length of the set%n"); for ( int k = 2 ; k <= 10 ; k++ ) { BigInteger max = BigInteger.valueOf(10).pow(k); List<BigInteger> powerfulNumbers = getPowerFulNumbers(max, k); System.out.printf("There are %d %d-powerful numbers between 1 and %d. %nList: %s%n", powerfulNumbers.size(), k, max, getList(powerfulNumbers)); } System.out.printf("%nTask: For k = 2..10, show the number of k-powerful numbers less than or equal to 10^j, for 0 <= j < k+10%n"); for ( int k = 2 ; k <= 10 ; k++ ) { List<Integer> powCount = new ArrayList<>(); for ( int j = 0 ; j < k+10 ; j++ ) { BigInteger max = BigInteger.valueOf(10).pow(j); powCount.add(countPowerFulNumbers(max, k)); } System.out.printf("Count of %2d-powerful numbers <= 10^j, j in [0, %d]: %s%n", k, k+9, powCount); } } private static String getList(List<BigInteger> list) { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); sb.append(list.subList(0, 5).toString().replace("]", "")); sb.append(" ... "); sb.append(list.subList(list.size()-5, list.size()).toString().replace("[", "")); return sb.toString(); } private static int countPowerFulNumbers(BigInteger max, int k) { return potentialPowerful(max, k).size(); } private static List<BigInteger> getPowerFulNumbers(BigInteger max, int k) { List<BigInteger> powerfulNumbers = new ArrayList<>(potentialPowerful(max, k)); Collections.sort(powerfulNumbers); return powerfulNumbers; } private static Set<BigInteger> potentialPowerful(BigInteger max, int k) { int[] indexes = new int[k]; for ( int i = 0 ; i < k ; i++ ) { indexes[i] = 1; } Set<BigInteger> powerful = new HashSet<>(); boolean foundPower = true; while ( foundPower ) { boolean genPowerful = false; for ( int index = 0 ; index < k ; index++ ) { BigInteger power = BigInteger.ONE; for ( int i = 0 ; i < k ; i++ ) { power = power.multiply(BigInteger.valueOf(indexes[i]).pow(k+i)); } if ( power.compareTo(max) <= 0 ) { powerful.add(power); indexes[0] += 1; genPowerful = true; break; } else { indexes[index] = 1; if ( index < k-1 ) { indexes[index+1] += 1; } } } if ( ! genPowerful ) { foundPower = false; } } return powerful; } }
#include <algorithm> #include <cmath> #include <cstdint> #include <iostream> #include <numeric> #include <vector> bool is_square_free(uint64_t n) { static constexpr uint64_t primes[] { 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89, 97 }; for (auto p : primes) { auto p2 = p * p; if (p2 > n) break; if (n % p2 == 0) return false; } return true; } uint64_t iroot(uint64_t n, uint64_t r) { static constexpr double adj = 1e-6; return static_cast<uint64_t>(std::pow(n, 1.0/r) + adj); } uint64_t ipow(uint64_t n, uint64_t p) { uint64_t prod = 1; for (; p > 0; p >>= 1) { if (p & 1) prod *= n; n *= n; } return prod; } std::vector<uint64_t> powerful(uint64_t n, uint64_t k) { std::vector<uint64_t> result; std::function<void(uint64_t, uint64_t)> f = [&](uint64_t m, uint64_t r) { if (r < k) { result.push_back(m); return; } uint64_t root = iroot(n/m, r); for (uint64_t v = 1; v <= root; ++v) { if (r > k && (!is_square_free(v) || std::gcd(m, v) != 1)) continue; f(m * ipow(v, r), r - 1); } }; f(1, 2*k - 1); std::sort(result.begin(), result.end()); return result; } uint64_t powerful_count(uint64_t n, uint64_t k) { uint64_t count = 0; std::function<void(uint64_t, uint64_t)> f = [&](uint64_t m, uint64_t r) { if (r <= k) { count += iroot(n/m, r); return; } uint64_t root = iroot(n/m, r); for (uint64_t v = 1; v <= root; ++v) { if (is_square_free(v) && std::gcd(m, v) == 1) f(m * ipow(v, r), r - 1); } }; f(1, 2*k - 1); return count; } int main() { const size_t max = 5; for (uint64_t k = 2, p = 100; k <= 10; ++k, p *= 10) { auto result = powerful(p, k); std::cout << result.size() << " " << k << "-powerful numbers <= 10^" << k << ":"; for (size_t i = 0; i < result.size(); ++i) { if (i == max) std::cout << " ..."; else if (i < max || i + max >= result.size()) std::cout << ' ' << result[i]; } std::cout << '\n'; } std::cout << '\n'; for (uint64_t k = 2; k <= 10; ++k) { std::cout << "Count of " << k << "-powerful numbers <= 10^j for 0 <= j < " << k + 10 << ":"; for (uint64_t j = 0, p = 1; j < k + 10; ++j, p *= 10) std::cout << ' ' << powerful_count(p, k); std::cout << '\n'; } }
Translate the given Java code snippet into C++ without altering its behavior.
import java.math.BigInteger; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Collections; import java.util.HashSet; import java.util.List; import java.util.Set; public class PowerfulNumbers { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.printf("Task: For k = 2..10, generate the set of k-powerful numbers <= 10^k and show the first 5 and the last 5 terms, along with the length of the set%n"); for ( int k = 2 ; k <= 10 ; k++ ) { BigInteger max = BigInteger.valueOf(10).pow(k); List<BigInteger> powerfulNumbers = getPowerFulNumbers(max, k); System.out.printf("There are %d %d-powerful numbers between 1 and %d. %nList: %s%n", powerfulNumbers.size(), k, max, getList(powerfulNumbers)); } System.out.printf("%nTask: For k = 2..10, show the number of k-powerful numbers less than or equal to 10^j, for 0 <= j < k+10%n"); for ( int k = 2 ; k <= 10 ; k++ ) { List<Integer> powCount = new ArrayList<>(); for ( int j = 0 ; j < k+10 ; j++ ) { BigInteger max = BigInteger.valueOf(10).pow(j); powCount.add(countPowerFulNumbers(max, k)); } System.out.printf("Count of %2d-powerful numbers <= 10^j, j in [0, %d]: %s%n", k, k+9, powCount); } } private static String getList(List<BigInteger> list) { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); sb.append(list.subList(0, 5).toString().replace("]", "")); sb.append(" ... "); sb.append(list.subList(list.size()-5, list.size()).toString().replace("[", "")); return sb.toString(); } private static int countPowerFulNumbers(BigInteger max, int k) { return potentialPowerful(max, k).size(); } private static List<BigInteger> getPowerFulNumbers(BigInteger max, int k) { List<BigInteger> powerfulNumbers = new ArrayList<>(potentialPowerful(max, k)); Collections.sort(powerfulNumbers); return powerfulNumbers; } private static Set<BigInteger> potentialPowerful(BigInteger max, int k) { int[] indexes = new int[k]; for ( int i = 0 ; i < k ; i++ ) { indexes[i] = 1; } Set<BigInteger> powerful = new HashSet<>(); boolean foundPower = true; while ( foundPower ) { boolean genPowerful = false; for ( int index = 0 ; index < k ; index++ ) { BigInteger power = BigInteger.ONE; for ( int i = 0 ; i < k ; i++ ) { power = power.multiply(BigInteger.valueOf(indexes[i]).pow(k+i)); } if ( power.compareTo(max) <= 0 ) { powerful.add(power); indexes[0] += 1; genPowerful = true; break; } else { indexes[index] = 1; if ( index < k-1 ) { indexes[index+1] += 1; } } } if ( ! genPowerful ) { foundPower = false; } } return powerful; } }
#include <algorithm> #include <cmath> #include <cstdint> #include <iostream> #include <numeric> #include <vector> bool is_square_free(uint64_t n) { static constexpr uint64_t primes[] { 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89, 97 }; for (auto p : primes) { auto p2 = p * p; if (p2 > n) break; if (n % p2 == 0) return false; } return true; } uint64_t iroot(uint64_t n, uint64_t r) { static constexpr double adj = 1e-6; return static_cast<uint64_t>(std::pow(n, 1.0/r) + adj); } uint64_t ipow(uint64_t n, uint64_t p) { uint64_t prod = 1; for (; p > 0; p >>= 1) { if (p & 1) prod *= n; n *= n; } return prod; } std::vector<uint64_t> powerful(uint64_t n, uint64_t k) { std::vector<uint64_t> result; std::function<void(uint64_t, uint64_t)> f = [&](uint64_t m, uint64_t r) { if (r < k) { result.push_back(m); return; } uint64_t root = iroot(n/m, r); for (uint64_t v = 1; v <= root; ++v) { if (r > k && (!is_square_free(v) || std::gcd(m, v) != 1)) continue; f(m * ipow(v, r), r - 1); } }; f(1, 2*k - 1); std::sort(result.begin(), result.end()); return result; } uint64_t powerful_count(uint64_t n, uint64_t k) { uint64_t count = 0; std::function<void(uint64_t, uint64_t)> f = [&](uint64_t m, uint64_t r) { if (r <= k) { count += iroot(n/m, r); return; } uint64_t root = iroot(n/m, r); for (uint64_t v = 1; v <= root; ++v) { if (is_square_free(v) && std::gcd(m, v) == 1) f(m * ipow(v, r), r - 1); } }; f(1, 2*k - 1); return count; } int main() { const size_t max = 5; for (uint64_t k = 2, p = 100; k <= 10; ++k, p *= 10) { auto result = powerful(p, k); std::cout << result.size() << " " << k << "-powerful numbers <= 10^" << k << ":"; for (size_t i = 0; i < result.size(); ++i) { if (i == max) std::cout << " ..."; else if (i < max || i + max >= result.size()) std::cout << ' ' << result[i]; } std::cout << '\n'; } std::cout << '\n'; for (uint64_t k = 2; k <= 10; ++k) { std::cout << "Count of " << k << "-powerful numbers <= 10^j for 0 <= j < " << k + 10 << ":"; for (uint64_t j = 0, p = 1; j < k + 10; ++j, p *= 10) std::cout << ' ' << powerful_count(p, k); std::cout << '\n'; } }
Port the following code from Java to C++ with equivalent syntax and logic.
import java.util.Arrays; public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) { int[] N = {1, -12, 0, -42}; int[] D = {1, -3}; System.out.printf("%s / %s = %s", Arrays.toString(N), Arrays.toString(D), Arrays.deepToString(extendedSyntheticDivision(N, D))); } static int[][] extendedSyntheticDivision(int[] dividend, int[] divisor) { int[] out = dividend.clone(); int normalizer = divisor[0]; for (int i = 0; i < dividend.length - (divisor.length - 1); i++) { out[i] /= normalizer; int coef = out[i]; if (coef != 0) { for (int j = 1; j < divisor.length; j++) out[i + j] += -divisor[j] * coef; } } int separator = out.length - (divisor.length - 1); return new int[][]{ Arrays.copyOfRange(out, 0, separator), Arrays.copyOfRange(out, separator, out.length) }; } }
#include <iostream> #include <vector> #include <string> #include <cmath> std::string frmtPolynomial(std::vector<int> polynomial, bool remainder = false) { std::string r = ""; if (remainder) { r = " r: " + std::to_string(polynomial.back()); polynomial.pop_back(); } std::string formatted = ""; int degree = polynomial.size() - 1; int d = degree; for (int i : polynomial) { if (d < degree) { if (i >= 0) { formatted += " + "; } else { formatted += " - "; } } formatted += std::to_string(abs(i)); if (d > 1) { formatted += "x^" + std::to_string(d); } else if (d == 1) { formatted += "x"; } d--; } return formatted; } std::vector<int> syntheticDiv(std::vector<int> dividend, std::vector<int> divisor) { std::vector<int> quotient; quotient = dividend; int normalizer = divisor[0]; for (int i = 0; i < dividend.size() - (divisor.size() - 1); i++) { quotient[i] /= normalizer; int coef = quotient[i]; if (coef != 0) { for (int j = 1; j < divisor.size(); j++) { quotient[i + j] += -divisor[j] * coef; } } } return quotient; } int main(int argc, char **argv) { std::vector<int> dividend{ 1, -12, 0, -42}; std::vector<int> divisor{ 1, -3}; std::cout << frmtPolynomial(dividend) << "\n"; std::cout << frmtPolynomial(divisor) << "\n"; std::vector<int> quotient = syntheticDiv(dividend, divisor); std::cout << frmtPolynomial(quotient, true) << "\n"; }
Change the programming language of this snippet from Java to C++ without modifying what it does.
import java.util.Arrays; public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) { int[] N = {1, -12, 0, -42}; int[] D = {1, -3}; System.out.printf("%s / %s = %s", Arrays.toString(N), Arrays.toString(D), Arrays.deepToString(extendedSyntheticDivision(N, D))); } static int[][] extendedSyntheticDivision(int[] dividend, int[] divisor) { int[] out = dividend.clone(); int normalizer = divisor[0]; for (int i = 0; i < dividend.length - (divisor.length - 1); i++) { out[i] /= normalizer; int coef = out[i]; if (coef != 0) { for (int j = 1; j < divisor.length; j++) out[i + j] += -divisor[j] * coef; } } int separator = out.length - (divisor.length - 1); return new int[][]{ Arrays.copyOfRange(out, 0, separator), Arrays.copyOfRange(out, separator, out.length) }; } }
#include <iostream> #include <vector> #include <string> #include <cmath> std::string frmtPolynomial(std::vector<int> polynomial, bool remainder = false) { std::string r = ""; if (remainder) { r = " r: " + std::to_string(polynomial.back()); polynomial.pop_back(); } std::string formatted = ""; int degree = polynomial.size() - 1; int d = degree; for (int i : polynomial) { if (d < degree) { if (i >= 0) { formatted += " + "; } else { formatted += " - "; } } formatted += std::to_string(abs(i)); if (d > 1) { formatted += "x^" + std::to_string(d); } else if (d == 1) { formatted += "x"; } d--; } return formatted; } std::vector<int> syntheticDiv(std::vector<int> dividend, std::vector<int> divisor) { std::vector<int> quotient; quotient = dividend; int normalizer = divisor[0]; for (int i = 0; i < dividend.size() - (divisor.size() - 1); i++) { quotient[i] /= normalizer; int coef = quotient[i]; if (coef != 0) { for (int j = 1; j < divisor.size(); j++) { quotient[i + j] += -divisor[j] * coef; } } } return quotient; } int main(int argc, char **argv) { std::vector<int> dividend{ 1, -12, 0, -42}; std::vector<int> divisor{ 1, -3}; std::cout << frmtPolynomial(dividend) << "\n"; std::cout << frmtPolynomial(divisor) << "\n"; std::vector<int> quotient = syntheticDiv(dividend, divisor); std::cout << frmtPolynomial(quotient, true) << "\n"; }
Translate this program into C++ but keep the logic exactly as in Java.
import java.io.*; import java.util.*; public class OddWords { public static void main(String[] args) { try { Set<String> dictionary = new TreeSet<>(); final int minLength = 5; String fileName = "unixdict.txt"; if (args.length != 0) fileName = args[0]; try (BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(fileName))) { String line; while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) { if (line.length() >= minLength) dictionary.add(line); } } StringBuilder word1 = new StringBuilder(); StringBuilder word2 = new StringBuilder(); List<StringPair> evenWords = new ArrayList<>(); List<StringPair> oddWords = new ArrayList<>(); for (String word : dictionary) { int length = word.length(); if (length < minLength + 2 * (minLength/2)) continue; word1.setLength(0); word2.setLength(0); for (int i = 0; i < length; ++i) { if ((i & 1) == 0) word1.append(word.charAt(i)); else word2.append(word.charAt(i)); } String oddWord = word1.toString(); String evenWord = word2.toString(); if (dictionary.contains(oddWord)) oddWords.add(new StringPair(word, oddWord)); if (dictionary.contains(evenWord)) evenWords.add(new StringPair(word, evenWord)); } System.out.println("Odd words:"); printWords(oddWords); System.out.println("\nEven words:"); printWords(evenWords); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } private static void printWords(List<StringPair> strings) { int n = 1; for (StringPair pair : strings) { System.out.printf("%2d: %-14s%s\n", n++, pair.string1, pair.string2); } } private static class StringPair { private String string1; private String string2; private StringPair(String s1, String s2) { string1 = s1; string2 = s2; } } }
#include <cstdlib> #include <fstream> #include <iomanip> #include <iostream> #include <set> #include <string> #include <utility> #include <vector> using word_list = std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>>; void print_words(std::ostream& out, const word_list& words) { int n = 1; for (const auto& pair : words) { out << std::right << std::setw(2) << n++ << ": " << std::left << std::setw(14) << pair.first << pair.second << '\n'; } } int main(int argc, char** argv) { const char* filename(argc < 2 ? "unixdict.txt" : argv[1]); std::ifstream in(filename); if (!in) { std::cerr << "Cannot open file '" << filename << "'.\n"; return EXIT_FAILURE; } const int min_length = 5; std::string line; std::set<std::string> dictionary; while (getline(in, line)) { if (line.size() >= min_length) dictionary.insert(line); } word_list odd_words, even_words; for (const std::string& word : dictionary) { if (word.size() < min_length + 2*(min_length/2)) continue; std::string odd_word, even_word; for (auto w = word.begin(); w != word.end(); ++w) { odd_word += *w; if (++w == word.end()) break; even_word += *w; } if (dictionary.find(odd_word) != dictionary.end()) odd_words.emplace_back(word, odd_word); if (dictionary.find(even_word) != dictionary.end()) even_words.emplace_back(word, even_word); } std::cout << "Odd words:\n"; print_words(std::cout, odd_words); std::cout << "\nEven words:\n"; print_words(std::cout, even_words); return EXIT_SUCCESS; }
Convert this Java block to C++, preserving its control flow and logic.
import java.math.BigDecimal; import java.math.MathContext; import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.List; public class RamanujanConstant { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.printf("Ramanujan's Constant to 100 digits = %s%n%n", ramanujanConstant(163, 100)); System.out.printf("Heegner numbers yielding 'almost' integers:%n"); List<Integer> heegnerNumbers = Arrays.asList(19, 43, 67, 163); List<Integer> heegnerVals = Arrays.asList(96, 960, 5280, 640320); for ( int i = 0 ; i < heegnerNumbers.size() ; i++ ) { int heegnerNumber = heegnerNumbers.get(i); int heegnerVal = heegnerVals.get(i); BigDecimal integer = BigDecimal.valueOf(heegnerVal).pow(3).add(BigDecimal.valueOf(744)); BigDecimal compute = ramanujanConstant(heegnerNumber, 50); System.out.printf("%3d : %50s ~ %18s (diff ~ %s)%n", heegnerNumber, compute, integer, integer.subtract(compute, new MathContext(30)).toPlainString()); } } public static BigDecimal ramanujanConstant(int sqrt, int digits) { MathContext mc = new MathContext(digits + 5); return bigE(bigPi(mc).multiply(bigSquareRoot(BigDecimal.valueOf(sqrt), mc), mc), mc).round(new MathContext(digits)); } public static BigDecimal bigE(BigDecimal exponent, MathContext mc) { BigDecimal e = BigDecimal.ONE; BigDecimal ak = e; int k = 0; BigDecimal min = BigDecimal.ONE.divide(BigDecimal.TEN.pow(mc.getPrecision())); while ( true ) { k++; ak = ak.multiply(exponent).divide(BigDecimal.valueOf(k), mc); e = e.add(ak, mc); if ( ak.compareTo(min) < 0 ) { break; } } return e; } public static BigDecimal bigPi(MathContext mc) { int k = 0; BigDecimal ak = BigDecimal.ONE; BigDecimal a = ak; BigDecimal b = BigDecimal.ZERO; BigDecimal c = BigDecimal.valueOf(640320); BigDecimal c3 = c.pow(3); double digitePerTerm = Math.log10(c.pow(3).divide(BigDecimal.valueOf(24), mc).doubleValue()) - Math.log10(72); double digits = 0; while ( digits < mc.getPrecision() ) { k++; digits += digitePerTerm; BigDecimal top = BigDecimal.valueOf(-24).multiply(BigDecimal.valueOf(6*k-5)).multiply(BigDecimal.valueOf(2*k-1)).multiply(BigDecimal.valueOf(6*k-1)); BigDecimal term = top.divide(BigDecimal.valueOf(k*k*k).multiply(c3), mc); ak = ak.multiply(term, mc); a = a.add(ak, mc); b = b.add(BigDecimal.valueOf(k).multiply(ak, mc), mc); } BigDecimal total = BigDecimal.valueOf(13591409).multiply(a, mc).add(BigDecimal.valueOf(545140134).multiply(b, mc), mc); return BigDecimal.valueOf(426880).multiply(bigSquareRoot(BigDecimal.valueOf(10005), mc), mc).divide(total, mc); } public static BigDecimal bigSquareRoot(BigDecimal squareDecimal, MathContext mc) { double sqrt = Math.sqrt(squareDecimal.doubleValue()); BigDecimal x0 = new BigDecimal(sqrt, mc); BigDecimal two = BigDecimal.valueOf(2); while ( true ) { BigDecimal x1 = x0.subtract(x0.multiply(x0, mc).subtract(squareDecimal).divide(two.multiply(x0, mc), mc), mc); String x1String = x1.toPlainString(); String x0String = x0.toPlainString(); if ( x1String.substring(0, x1String.length()-1).compareTo(x0String.substring(0, x0String.length()-1)) == 0 ) { break; } x0 = x1; } return x0; } }
#include <iomanip> #include <iostream> #include <boost/math/constants/constants.hpp> #include <boost/multiprecision/cpp_dec_float.hpp> using big_float = boost::multiprecision::cpp_dec_float_100; big_float f(unsigned int n) { big_float pi(boost::math::constants::pi<big_float>()); return exp(sqrt(big_float(n)) * pi); } int main() { std::cout << "Ramanujan's constant using formula f(N) = exp(pi*sqrt(N)):\n" << std::setprecision(80) << f(163) << '\n'; std::cout << "\nResult with last four Heegner numbers:\n"; std::cout << std::setprecision(30); for (unsigned int n : {19, 43, 67, 163}) { auto x = f(n); auto c = ceil(x); auto pc = 100.0 * (x/c); std::cout << "f(" << n << ") = " << x << " = " << pc << "% of " << c << '\n'; } return 0; }
Produce a functionally identical C++ code for the snippet given in Java.
import java.math.BigDecimal; import java.math.MathContext; import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.List; public class RamanujanConstant { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.printf("Ramanujan's Constant to 100 digits = %s%n%n", ramanujanConstant(163, 100)); System.out.printf("Heegner numbers yielding 'almost' integers:%n"); List<Integer> heegnerNumbers = Arrays.asList(19, 43, 67, 163); List<Integer> heegnerVals = Arrays.asList(96, 960, 5280, 640320); for ( int i = 0 ; i < heegnerNumbers.size() ; i++ ) { int heegnerNumber = heegnerNumbers.get(i); int heegnerVal = heegnerVals.get(i); BigDecimal integer = BigDecimal.valueOf(heegnerVal).pow(3).add(BigDecimal.valueOf(744)); BigDecimal compute = ramanujanConstant(heegnerNumber, 50); System.out.printf("%3d : %50s ~ %18s (diff ~ %s)%n", heegnerNumber, compute, integer, integer.subtract(compute, new MathContext(30)).toPlainString()); } } public static BigDecimal ramanujanConstant(int sqrt, int digits) { MathContext mc = new MathContext(digits + 5); return bigE(bigPi(mc).multiply(bigSquareRoot(BigDecimal.valueOf(sqrt), mc), mc), mc).round(new MathContext(digits)); } public static BigDecimal bigE(BigDecimal exponent, MathContext mc) { BigDecimal e = BigDecimal.ONE; BigDecimal ak = e; int k = 0; BigDecimal min = BigDecimal.ONE.divide(BigDecimal.TEN.pow(mc.getPrecision())); while ( true ) { k++; ak = ak.multiply(exponent).divide(BigDecimal.valueOf(k), mc); e = e.add(ak, mc); if ( ak.compareTo(min) < 0 ) { break; } } return e; } public static BigDecimal bigPi(MathContext mc) { int k = 0; BigDecimal ak = BigDecimal.ONE; BigDecimal a = ak; BigDecimal b = BigDecimal.ZERO; BigDecimal c = BigDecimal.valueOf(640320); BigDecimal c3 = c.pow(3); double digitePerTerm = Math.log10(c.pow(3).divide(BigDecimal.valueOf(24), mc).doubleValue()) - Math.log10(72); double digits = 0; while ( digits < mc.getPrecision() ) { k++; digits += digitePerTerm; BigDecimal top = BigDecimal.valueOf(-24).multiply(BigDecimal.valueOf(6*k-5)).multiply(BigDecimal.valueOf(2*k-1)).multiply(BigDecimal.valueOf(6*k-1)); BigDecimal term = top.divide(BigDecimal.valueOf(k*k*k).multiply(c3), mc); ak = ak.multiply(term, mc); a = a.add(ak, mc); b = b.add(BigDecimal.valueOf(k).multiply(ak, mc), mc); } BigDecimal total = BigDecimal.valueOf(13591409).multiply(a, mc).add(BigDecimal.valueOf(545140134).multiply(b, mc), mc); return BigDecimal.valueOf(426880).multiply(bigSquareRoot(BigDecimal.valueOf(10005), mc), mc).divide(total, mc); } public static BigDecimal bigSquareRoot(BigDecimal squareDecimal, MathContext mc) { double sqrt = Math.sqrt(squareDecimal.doubleValue()); BigDecimal x0 = new BigDecimal(sqrt, mc); BigDecimal two = BigDecimal.valueOf(2); while ( true ) { BigDecimal x1 = x0.subtract(x0.multiply(x0, mc).subtract(squareDecimal).divide(two.multiply(x0, mc), mc), mc); String x1String = x1.toPlainString(); String x0String = x0.toPlainString(); if ( x1String.substring(0, x1String.length()-1).compareTo(x0String.substring(0, x0String.length()-1)) == 0 ) { break; } x0 = x1; } return x0; } }
#include <iomanip> #include <iostream> #include <boost/math/constants/constants.hpp> #include <boost/multiprecision/cpp_dec_float.hpp> using big_float = boost::multiprecision::cpp_dec_float_100; big_float f(unsigned int n) { big_float pi(boost::math::constants::pi<big_float>()); return exp(sqrt(big_float(n)) * pi); } int main() { std::cout << "Ramanujan's constant using formula f(N) = exp(pi*sqrt(N)):\n" << std::setprecision(80) << f(163) << '\n'; std::cout << "\nResult with last four Heegner numbers:\n"; std::cout << std::setprecision(30); for (unsigned int n : {19, 43, 67, 163}) { auto x = f(n); auto c = ceil(x); auto pc = 100.0 * (x/c); std::cout << "f(" << n << ") = " << x << " = " << pc << "% of " << c << '\n'; } return 0; }
Generate an equivalent C++ version of this Java code.
import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.LinkedList; import java.util.List; import java.util.Queue; public class WordBreak { public static void main(String[] args) { List<String> dict = Arrays.asList("a", "aa", "b", "ab", "aab"); for ( String testString : Arrays.asList("aab", "aa b") ) { List<List<String>> matches = wordBreak(testString, dict); System.out.printf("String = %s, Dictionary = %s. Solutions = %d:%n", testString, dict, matches.size()); for ( List<String> match : matches ) { System.out.printf(" Word Break = %s%n", match); } System.out.printf("%n"); } dict = Arrays.asList("abc", "a", "ac", "b", "c", "cb", "d"); for ( String testString : Arrays.asList("abcd", "abbc", "abcbcd", "acdbc", "abcdd") ) { List<List<String>> matches = wordBreak(testString, dict); System.out.printf("String = %s, Dictionary = %s. Solutions = %d:%n", testString, dict, matches.size()); for ( List<String> match : matches ) { System.out.printf(" Word Break = %s%n", match); } System.out.printf("%n"); } } private static List<List<String>> wordBreak(String s, List<String> dictionary) { List<List<String>> matches = new ArrayList<>(); Queue<Node> queue = new LinkedList<>(); queue.add(new Node(s)); while ( ! queue.isEmpty() ) { Node node = queue.remove(); if ( node.val.length() == 0 ) { matches.add(node.parsed); } else { for ( String word : dictionary ) { if ( node.val.startsWith(word) ) { String valNew = node.val.substring(word.length(), node.val.length()); List<String> parsedNew = new ArrayList<>(); parsedNew.addAll(node.parsed); parsedNew.add(word); queue.add(new Node(valNew, parsedNew)); } } } } return matches; } private static class Node { private String val; private List<String> parsed; public Node(String initial) { val = initial; parsed = new ArrayList<>(); } public Node(String s, List<String> p) { val = s; parsed = p; } } }
#include <algorithm> #include <iostream> #include <optional> #include <set> #include <string> #include <string_view> #include <vector> struct string_comparator { using is_transparent = void; bool operator()(const std::string& lhs, const std::string& rhs) const { return lhs < rhs; } bool operator()(const std::string& lhs, const std::string_view& rhs) const { return lhs < rhs; } bool operator()(const std::string_view& lhs, const std::string& rhs) const { return lhs < rhs; } }; using dictionary = std::set<std::string, string_comparator>; template <typename iterator, typename separator> std::string join(iterator begin, iterator end, separator sep) { std::string result; if (begin != end) { result += *begin++; for (; begin != end; ++begin) { result += sep; result += *begin; } } return result; } auto create_string(const std::string_view& s, const std::vector<std::optional<size_t>>& v) { auto idx = s.size(); std::vector<std::string_view> sv; while (v[idx].has_value()) { size_t prev = v[idx].value(); sv.push_back(s.substr(prev, idx - prev)); idx = prev; } std::reverse(sv.begin(), sv.end()); return join(sv.begin(), sv.end(), ' '); } std::optional<std::string> word_break(const std::string_view& str, const dictionary& dict) { auto size = str.size() + 1; std::vector<std::optional<size_t>> possible(size); auto check_word = [&dict, &str](size_t i, size_t j) -> std::optional<size_t> { if (dict.find(str.substr(i, j - i)) != dict.end()) return i; return std::nullopt; }; for (size_t i = 1; i < size; ++i) { if (!possible[i].has_value()) possible[i] = check_word(0, i); if (possible[i].has_value()) { for (size_t j = i + 1; j < size; ++j) { if (!possible[j].has_value()) possible[j] = check_word(i, j); } if (possible[str.size()].has_value()) return create_string(str, possible); } } return std::nullopt; } int main(int argc, char** argv) { dictionary dict; dict.insert("a"); dict.insert("bc"); dict.insert("abc"); dict.insert("cd"); dict.insert("b"); auto result = word_break("abcd", dict); if (result.has_value()) std::cout << result.value() << '\n'; return 0; }
Please provide an equivalent version of this Java code in C++.
import java.util.*; public class BrilliantNumbers { public static void main(String[] args) { var primesByDigits = getPrimesByDigits(100000000); System.out.println("First 100 brilliant numbers:"); List<Integer> brilliantNumbers = new ArrayList<>(); for (var primes : primesByDigits) { int n = primes.size(); for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { int prime1 = primes.get(i); for (int j = i; j < n; ++j) { int prime2 = primes.get(j); brilliantNumbers.add(prime1 * prime2); } } if (brilliantNumbers.size() >= 100) break; } Collections.sort(brilliantNumbers); for (int i = 0; i < 100; ++i) { char c = (i + 1) % 10 == 0 ? '\n' : ' '; System.out.printf("%,5d%c", brilliantNumbers.get(i), c); } System.out.println(); long power = 10; long count = 0; for (int p = 1; p < 2 * primesByDigits.size(); ++p) { var primes = primesByDigits.get(p / 2); long position = count + 1; long minProduct = 0; int n = primes.size(); for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { long prime1 = primes.get(i); var primes2 = primes.subList(i, n); int q = (int)((power + prime1 - 1) / prime1); int j = Collections.binarySearch(primes2, q); if (j == n) continue; if (j < 0) j = -(j + 1); long prime2 = primes2.get(j); long product = prime1 * prime2; if (minProduct == 0 || product < minProduct) minProduct = product; position += j; if (prime1 >= prime2) break; } System.out.printf("First brilliant number >= 10^%d is %,d at position %,d\n", p, minProduct, position); power *= 10; if (p % 2 == 1) { long size = primes.size(); count += size * (size + 1) / 2; } } } private static List<List<Integer>> getPrimesByDigits(int limit) { PrimeGenerator primeGen = new PrimeGenerator(100000, 100000); List<List<Integer>> primesByDigits = new ArrayList<>(); List<Integer> primes = new ArrayList<>(); for (int p = 10; p <= limit; ) { int prime = primeGen.nextPrime(); if (prime > p) { primesByDigits.add(primes); primes = new ArrayList<>(); p *= 10; } primes.add(prime); } return primesByDigits; } }
#include <algorithm> #include <chrono> #include <iomanip> #include <iostream> #include <locale> #include <vector> #include <primesieve.hpp> auto get_primes_by_digits(uint64_t limit) { primesieve::iterator pi; std::vector<std::vector<uint64_t>> primes_by_digits; std::vector<uint64_t> primes; for (uint64_t p = 10; p <= limit;) { uint64_t prime = pi.next_prime(); if (prime > p) { primes_by_digits.push_back(std::move(primes)); p *= 10; } primes.push_back(prime); } return primes_by_digits; } int main() { std::cout.imbue(std::locale("")); auto start = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now(); auto primes_by_digits = get_primes_by_digits(1000000000); std::cout << "First 100 brilliant numbers:\n"; std::vector<uint64_t> brilliant_numbers; for (const auto& primes : primes_by_digits) { for (auto i = primes.begin(); i != primes.end(); ++i) for (auto j = i; j != primes.end(); ++j) brilliant_numbers.push_back(*i * *j); if (brilliant_numbers.size() >= 100) break; } std::sort(brilliant_numbers.begin(), brilliant_numbers.end()); for (size_t i = 0; i < 100; ++i) { std::cout << std::setw(5) << brilliant_numbers[i] << ((i + 1) % 10 == 0 ? '\n' : ' '); } std::cout << '\n'; uint64_t power = 10; size_t count = 0; for (size_t p = 1; p < 2 * primes_by_digits.size(); ++p) { const auto& primes = primes_by_digits[p / 2]; size_t position = count + 1; uint64_t min_product = 0; for (auto i = primes.begin(); i != primes.end(); ++i) { uint64_t p1 = *i; auto j = std::lower_bound(i, primes.end(), (power + p1 - 1) / p1); if (j != primes.end()) { uint64_t p2 = *j; uint64_t product = p1 * p2; if (min_product == 0 || product < min_product) min_product = product; position += std::distance(i, j); if (p1 >= p2) break; } } std::cout << "First brilliant number >= 10^" << p << " is " << min_product << " at position " << position << '\n'; power *= 10; if (p % 2 == 1) { size_t size = primes.size(); count += size * (size + 1) / 2; } } auto end = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now(); std::chrono::duration<double> duration(end - start); std::cout << "\nElapsed time: " << duration.count() << " seconds\n"; }
Rewrite this program in C++ while keeping its functionality equivalent to the Java version.
import java.util.*; public class BrilliantNumbers { public static void main(String[] args) { var primesByDigits = getPrimesByDigits(100000000); System.out.println("First 100 brilliant numbers:"); List<Integer> brilliantNumbers = new ArrayList<>(); for (var primes : primesByDigits) { int n = primes.size(); for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { int prime1 = primes.get(i); for (int j = i; j < n; ++j) { int prime2 = primes.get(j); brilliantNumbers.add(prime1 * prime2); } } if (brilliantNumbers.size() >= 100) break; } Collections.sort(brilliantNumbers); for (int i = 0; i < 100; ++i) { char c = (i + 1) % 10 == 0 ? '\n' : ' '; System.out.printf("%,5d%c", brilliantNumbers.get(i), c); } System.out.println(); long power = 10; long count = 0; for (int p = 1; p < 2 * primesByDigits.size(); ++p) { var primes = primesByDigits.get(p / 2); long position = count + 1; long minProduct = 0; int n = primes.size(); for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { long prime1 = primes.get(i); var primes2 = primes.subList(i, n); int q = (int)((power + prime1 - 1) / prime1); int j = Collections.binarySearch(primes2, q); if (j == n) continue; if (j < 0) j = -(j + 1); long prime2 = primes2.get(j); long product = prime1 * prime2; if (minProduct == 0 || product < minProduct) minProduct = product; position += j; if (prime1 >= prime2) break; } System.out.printf("First brilliant number >= 10^%d is %,d at position %,d\n", p, minProduct, position); power *= 10; if (p % 2 == 1) { long size = primes.size(); count += size * (size + 1) / 2; } } } private static List<List<Integer>> getPrimesByDigits(int limit) { PrimeGenerator primeGen = new PrimeGenerator(100000, 100000); List<List<Integer>> primesByDigits = new ArrayList<>(); List<Integer> primes = new ArrayList<>(); for (int p = 10; p <= limit; ) { int prime = primeGen.nextPrime(); if (prime > p) { primesByDigits.add(primes); primes = new ArrayList<>(); p *= 10; } primes.add(prime); } return primesByDigits; } }
#include <algorithm> #include <chrono> #include <iomanip> #include <iostream> #include <locale> #include <vector> #include <primesieve.hpp> auto get_primes_by_digits(uint64_t limit) { primesieve::iterator pi; std::vector<std::vector<uint64_t>> primes_by_digits; std::vector<uint64_t> primes; for (uint64_t p = 10; p <= limit;) { uint64_t prime = pi.next_prime(); if (prime > p) { primes_by_digits.push_back(std::move(primes)); p *= 10; } primes.push_back(prime); } return primes_by_digits; } int main() { std::cout.imbue(std::locale("")); auto start = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now(); auto primes_by_digits = get_primes_by_digits(1000000000); std::cout << "First 100 brilliant numbers:\n"; std::vector<uint64_t> brilliant_numbers; for (const auto& primes : primes_by_digits) { for (auto i = primes.begin(); i != primes.end(); ++i) for (auto j = i; j != primes.end(); ++j) brilliant_numbers.push_back(*i * *j); if (brilliant_numbers.size() >= 100) break; } std::sort(brilliant_numbers.begin(), brilliant_numbers.end()); for (size_t i = 0; i < 100; ++i) { std::cout << std::setw(5) << brilliant_numbers[i] << ((i + 1) % 10 == 0 ? '\n' : ' '); } std::cout << '\n'; uint64_t power = 10; size_t count = 0; for (size_t p = 1; p < 2 * primes_by_digits.size(); ++p) { const auto& primes = primes_by_digits[p / 2]; size_t position = count + 1; uint64_t min_product = 0; for (auto i = primes.begin(); i != primes.end(); ++i) { uint64_t p1 = *i; auto j = std::lower_bound(i, primes.end(), (power + p1 - 1) / p1); if (j != primes.end()) { uint64_t p2 = *j; uint64_t product = p1 * p2; if (min_product == 0 || product < min_product) min_product = product; position += std::distance(i, j); if (p1 >= p2) break; } } std::cout << "First brilliant number >= 10^" << p << " is " << min_product << " at position " << position << '\n'; power *= 10; if (p % 2 == 1) { size_t size = primes.size(); count += size * (size + 1) / 2; } } auto end = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now(); std::chrono::duration<double> duration(end - start); std::cout << "\nElapsed time: " << duration.count() << " seconds\n"; }
Produce a language-to-language conversion: from Java to C++, same semantics.
import java.io.IOException; import java.nio.file.Files; import java.nio.file.Path; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.HashSet; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; import java.util.PriorityQueue; import java.util.Set; import java.util.stream.IntStream; public class WordLadder { private static int distance(String s1, String s2) { assert s1.length() == s2.length(); return (int) IntStream.range(0, s1.length()) .filter(i -> s1.charAt(i) != s2.charAt(i)) .count(); } private static void wordLadder(Map<Integer, Set<String>> words, String fw, String tw) { wordLadder(words, fw, tw, 8); } private static void wordLadder(Map<Integer, Set<String>> words, String fw, String tw, int limit) { if (fw.length() != tw.length()) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("From word and to word must have the same length"); } Set<String> ws = words.get(fw.length()); if (ws.contains(fw)) { List<String> primeList = new ArrayList<>(); primeList.add(fw); PriorityQueue<List<String>> queue = new PriorityQueue<>((chain1, chain2) -> { int cmp1 = Integer.compare(chain1.size(), chain2.size()); if (cmp1 == 0) { String last1 = chain1.get(chain1.size() - 1); int d1 = distance(last1, tw); String last2 = chain2.get(chain2.size() - 1); int d2 = distance(last2, tw); return Integer.compare(d1, d2); } return cmp1; }); queue.add(primeList); while (queue.size() > 0) { List<String> curr = queue.remove(); if (curr.size() > limit) { continue; } String last = curr.get(curr.size() - 1); for (String word : ws) { if (distance(last, word) == 1) { if (word.equals(tw)) { curr.add(word); System.out.println(String.join(" -> ", curr)); return; } if (!curr.contains(word)) { List<String> cp = new ArrayList<>(curr); cp.add(word); queue.add(cp); } } } } } System.err.printf("Cannot turn `%s` into `%s`%n", fw, tw); } public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { Map<Integer, Set<String>> words = new HashMap<>(); for (String line : Files.readAllLines(Path.of("unixdict.txt"))) { Set<String> wl = words.computeIfAbsent(line.length(), HashSet::new); wl.add(line); } wordLadder(words, "boy", "man"); wordLadder(words, "girl", "lady"); wordLadder(words, "john", "jane"); wordLadder(words, "child", "adult"); wordLadder(words, "cat", "dog"); wordLadder(words, "lead", "gold"); wordLadder(words, "white", "black"); wordLadder(words, "bubble", "tickle", 12); } }
#include <algorithm> #include <fstream> #include <iostream> #include <map> #include <string> #include <vector> using word_map = std::map<size_t, std::vector<std::string>>; bool one_away(const std::string& s1, const std::string& s2) { if (s1.size() != s2.size()) return false; bool result = false; for (size_t i = 0, n = s1.size(); i != n; ++i) { if (s1[i] != s2[i]) { if (result) return false; result = true; } } return result; } template <typename iterator_type, typename separator_type> std::string join(iterator_type begin, iterator_type end, separator_type separator) { std::string result; if (begin != end) { result += *begin++; for (; begin != end; ++begin) { result += separator; result += *begin; } } return result; } bool word_ladder(const word_map& words, const std::string& from, const std::string& to) { auto w = words.find(from.size()); if (w != words.end()) { auto poss = w->second; std::vector<std::vector<std::string>> queue{{from}}; while (!queue.empty()) { auto curr = queue.front(); queue.erase(queue.begin()); for (auto i = poss.begin(); i != poss.end();) { if (!one_away(*i, curr.back())) { ++i; continue; } if (to == *i) { curr.push_back(to); std::cout << join(curr.begin(), curr.end(), " -> ") << '\n'; return true; } std::vector<std::string> temp(curr); temp.push_back(*i); queue.push_back(std::move(temp)); i = poss.erase(i); } } } std::cout << from << " into " << to << " cannot be done.\n"; return false; } int main() { word_map words; std::ifstream in("unixdict.txt"); if (!in) { std::cerr << "Cannot open file unixdict.txt.\n"; return EXIT_FAILURE; } std::string word; while (getline(in, word)) words[word.size()].push_back(word); word_ladder(words, "boy", "man"); word_ladder(words, "girl", "lady"); word_ladder(words, "john", "jane"); word_ladder(words, "child", "adult"); word_ladder(words, "cat", "dog"); word_ladder(words, "lead", "gold"); word_ladder(words, "white", "black"); word_ladder(words, "bubble", "tickle"); return EXIT_SUCCESS; }
Translate this program into C++ but keep the logic exactly as in Java.
import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; public class PrimeGaps { private Map<Integer, Integer> gapStarts = new HashMap<>(); private int lastPrime; private PrimeGenerator primeGenerator = new PrimeGenerator(1000, 500000); public static void main(String[] args) { final int limit = 100000000; PrimeGaps pg = new PrimeGaps(); for (int pm = 10, gap1 = 2;;) { int start1 = pg.findGapStart(gap1); int gap2 = gap1 + 2; int start2 = pg.findGapStart(gap2); int diff = start2 > start1 ? start2 - start1 : start1 - start2; if (diff > pm) { System.out.printf( "Earliest difference > %,d between adjacent prime gap starting primes:\n" + "Gap %,d starts at %,d, gap %,d starts at %,d, difference is %,d.\n\n", pm, gap1, start1, gap2, start2, diff); if (pm == limit) break; pm *= 10; } else { gap1 = gap2; } } } private int findGapStart(int gap) { Integer start = gapStarts.get(gap); if (start != null) return start; for (;;) { int prev = lastPrime; lastPrime = primeGenerator.nextPrime(); int diff = lastPrime - prev; gapStarts.putIfAbsent(diff, prev); if (diff == gap) return prev; } } }
#include <iostream> #include <locale> #include <unordered_map> #include <primesieve.hpp> class prime_gaps { public: prime_gaps() { last_prime_ = iterator_.next_prime(); } uint64_t find_gap_start(uint64_t gap); private: primesieve::iterator iterator_; uint64_t last_prime_; std::unordered_map<uint64_t, uint64_t> gap_starts_; }; uint64_t prime_gaps::find_gap_start(uint64_t gap) { auto i = gap_starts_.find(gap); if (i != gap_starts_.end()) return i->second; for (;;) { uint64_t prev = last_prime_; last_prime_ = iterator_.next_prime(); uint64_t diff = last_prime_ - prev; gap_starts_.emplace(diff, prev); if (gap == diff) return prev; } } int main() { std::cout.imbue(std::locale("")); const uint64_t limit = 100000000000; prime_gaps pg; for (uint64_t pm = 10, gap1 = 2;;) { uint64_t start1 = pg.find_gap_start(gap1); uint64_t gap2 = gap1 + 2; uint64_t start2 = pg.find_gap_start(gap2); uint64_t diff = start2 > start1 ? start2 - start1 : start1 - start2; if (diff > pm) { std::cout << "Earliest difference > " << pm << " between adjacent prime gap starting primes:\n" << "Gap " << gap1 << " starts at " << start1 << ", gap " << gap2 << " starts at " << start2 << ", difference is " << diff << ".\n\n"; if (pm == limit) break; pm *= 10; } else { gap1 = gap2; } } }
Write the same algorithm in C++ as shown in this Java implementation.
import java.math.BigInteger; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.List; public class LatinSquaresInReducedForm { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.printf("Reduced latin squares of order 4:%n"); for ( LatinSquare square : getReducedLatinSquares(4) ) { System.out.printf("%s%n", square); } System.out.printf("Compute the number of latin squares from count of reduced latin squares:%n(Reduced Latin Square Count) * n! * (n-1)! = Latin Square Count%n"); for ( int n = 1 ; n <= 6 ; n++ ) { List<LatinSquare> list = getReducedLatinSquares(n); System.out.printf("Size = %d, %d * %d * %d = %,d%n", n, list.size(), fact(n), fact(n-1), list.size()*fact(n)*fact(n-1)); } } private static long fact(int n) { if ( n == 0 ) { return 1; } int prod = 1; for ( int i = 1 ; i <= n ; i++ ) { prod *= i; } return prod; } private static List<LatinSquare> getReducedLatinSquares(int n) { List<LatinSquare> squares = new ArrayList<>(); squares.add(new LatinSquare(n)); PermutationGenerator permGen = new PermutationGenerator(n); for ( int fillRow = 1 ; fillRow < n ; fillRow++ ) { List<LatinSquare> squaresNext = new ArrayList<>(); for ( LatinSquare square : squares ) { while ( permGen.hasMore() ) { int[] perm = permGen.getNext(); if ( (perm[0]+1) != (fillRow+1) ) { continue; } boolean permOk = true; done: for ( int row = 0 ; row < fillRow ; row++ ) { for ( int col = 0 ; col < n ; col++ ) { if ( square.get(row, col) == (perm[col]+1) ) { permOk = false; break done; } } } if ( permOk ) { LatinSquare newSquare = new LatinSquare(square); for ( int col = 0 ; col < n ; col++ ) { newSquare.set(fillRow, col, perm[col]+1); } squaresNext.add(newSquare); } } permGen.reset(); } squares = squaresNext; } return squares; } @SuppressWarnings("unused") private static int[] display(int[] in) { int [] out = new int[in.length]; for ( int i = 0 ; i < in.length ; i++ ) { out[i] = in[i] + 1; } return out; } private static class LatinSquare { int[][] square; int size; public LatinSquare(int n) { square = new int[n][n]; size = n; for ( int col = 0 ; col < n ; col++ ) { set(0, col, col + 1); } } public LatinSquare(LatinSquare ls) { int n = ls.size; square = new int[n][n]; size = n; for ( int row = 0 ; row < n ; row++ ) { for ( int col = 0 ; col < n ; col++ ) { set(row, col, ls.get(row, col)); } } } public void set(int row, int col, int value) { square[row][col] = value; } public int get(int row, int col) { return square[row][col]; } @Override public String toString() { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); for ( int row = 0 ; row < size ; row++ ) { sb.append(Arrays.toString(square[row])); sb.append("\n"); } return sb.toString(); } } private static class PermutationGenerator { private int[] a; private BigInteger numLeft; private BigInteger total; public PermutationGenerator (int n) { if (n < 1) { throw new IllegalArgumentException ("Min 1"); } a = new int[n]; total = getFactorial(n); reset(); } private void reset () { for ( int i = 0 ; i < a.length ; i++ ) { a[i] = i; } numLeft = new BigInteger(total.toString()); } public boolean hasMore() { return numLeft.compareTo(BigInteger.ZERO) == 1; } private static BigInteger getFactorial (int n) { BigInteger fact = BigInteger.ONE; for ( int i = n ; i > 1 ; i-- ) { fact = fact.multiply(new BigInteger(Integer.toString(i))); } return fact; } public int[] getNext() { if ( numLeft.equals(total) ) { numLeft = numLeft.subtract (BigInteger.ONE); return a; } int j = a.length - 2; while ( a[j] > a[j+1] ) { j--; } int k = a.length - 1; while ( a[j] > a[k] ) { k--; } int temp = a[k]; a[k] = a[j]; a[j] = temp; int r = a.length - 1; int s = j + 1; while (r > s) { int temp2 = a[s]; a[s] = a[r]; a[r] = temp2; r--; s++; } numLeft = numLeft.subtract(BigInteger.ONE); return a; } } }
#include <algorithm> #include <functional> #include <iostream> #include <numeric> #include <vector> typedef std::vector<std::vector<int>> matrix; matrix dList(int n, int start) { start--; std::vector<int> a(n); std::iota(a.begin(), a.end(), 0); a[start] = a[0]; a[0] = start; std::sort(a.begin() + 1, a.end()); auto first = a[1]; matrix r; std::function<void(int)> recurse; recurse = [&](int last) { if (last == first) { for (size_t j = 1; j < a.size(); j++) { auto v = a[j]; if (j == v) { return; } } std::vector<int> b; std::transform(a.cbegin(), a.cend(), std::back_inserter(b), [](int v) { return v + 1; }); r.push_back(b); return; } for (int i = last; i >= 1; i--) { std::swap(a[i], a[last]); recurse(last - 1); std::swap(a[i], a[last]); } }; recurse(n - 1); return r; } void printSquare(const matrix &latin, int n) { for (auto &row : latin) { auto it = row.cbegin(); auto end = row.cend(); std::cout << '['; if (it != end) { std::cout << *it; it = std::next(it); } while (it != end) { std::cout << ", " << *it; it = std::next(it); } std::cout << "]\n"; } std::cout << '\n'; } unsigned long reducedLatinSquares(int n, bool echo) { if (n <= 0) { if (echo) { std::cout << "[]\n"; } return 0; } else if (n == 1) { if (echo) { std::cout << "[1]\n"; } return 1; } matrix rlatin; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { rlatin.push_back({}); for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) { rlatin[i].push_back(j); } } for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) { rlatin[0][j] = j + 1; } unsigned long count = 0; std::function<void(int)> recurse; recurse = [&](int i) { auto rows = dList(n, i); for (size_t r = 0; r < rows.size(); r++) { rlatin[i - 1] = rows[r]; for (int k = 0; k < i - 1; k++) { for (int j = 1; j < n; j++) { if (rlatin[k][j] == rlatin[i - 1][j]) { if (r < rows.size() - 1) { goto outer; } if (i > 2) { return; } } } } if (i < n) { recurse(i + 1); } else { count++; if (echo) { printSquare(rlatin, n); } } outer: {} } }; recurse(2); return count; } unsigned long factorial(unsigned long n) { if (n <= 0) return 1; unsigned long prod = 1; for (unsigned long i = 2; i <= n; i++) { prod *= i; } return prod; } int main() { std::cout << "The four reduced lating squares of order 4 are:\n"; reducedLatinSquares(4, true); std::cout << "The size of the set of reduced latin squares for the following orders\n"; std::cout << "and hence the total number of latin squares of these orders are:\n\n"; for (int n = 1; n < 7; n++) { auto size = reducedLatinSquares(n, false); auto f = factorial(n - 1); f *= f * n * size; std::cout << "Order " << n << ": Size " << size << " x " << n << "! x " << (n - 1) << "! => Total " << f << '\n'; } return 0; }
Produce a language-to-language conversion: from Java to C++, same semantics.
import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; import java.util.function.Consumer; import java.util.function.Function; import java.util.stream.Collectors; public class UPC { private static final int SEVEN = 7; private static final Map<String, Integer> LEFT_DIGITS = Map.of( " ## #", 0, " ## #", 1, " # ##", 2, " #### #", 3, " # ##", 4, " ## #", 5, " # ####", 6, " ### ##", 7, " ## ###", 8, " # ##", 9 ); private static final Map<String, Integer> RIGHT_DIGITS = LEFT_DIGITS.entrySet() .stream() .collect(Collectors.toMap( entry -> entry.getKey() .replace(' ', 's') .replace('#', ' ') .replace('s', '#'), Map.Entry::getValue )); private static final String END_SENTINEL = "# #"; private static final String MID_SENTINEL = " # # "; private static void decodeUPC(String input) { Function<String, Map.Entry<Boolean, List<Integer>>> decode = (String candidate) -> { int pos = 0; var part = candidate.substring(pos, pos + END_SENTINEL.length()); List<Integer> output = new ArrayList<>(); if (END_SENTINEL.equals(part)) { pos += END_SENTINEL.length(); } else { return Map.entry(false, output); } for (int i = 1; i < SEVEN; i++) { part = candidate.substring(pos, pos + SEVEN); pos += SEVEN; if (LEFT_DIGITS.containsKey(part)) { output.add(LEFT_DIGITS.get(part)); } else { return Map.entry(false, output); } } part = candidate.substring(pos, pos + MID_SENTINEL.length()); if (MID_SENTINEL.equals(part)) { pos += MID_SENTINEL.length(); } else { return Map.entry(false, output); } for (int i = 1; i < SEVEN; i++) { part = candidate.substring(pos, pos + SEVEN); pos += SEVEN; if (RIGHT_DIGITS.containsKey(part)) { output.add(RIGHT_DIGITS.get(part)); } else { return Map.entry(false, output); } } part = candidate.substring(pos, pos + END_SENTINEL.length()); if (!END_SENTINEL.equals(part)) { return Map.entry(false, output); } int sum = 0; for (int i = 0; i < output.size(); i++) { if (i % 2 == 0) { sum += 3 * output.get(i); } else { sum += output.get(i); } } return Map.entry(sum % 10 == 0, output); }; Consumer<List<Integer>> printList = list -> { var it = list.iterator(); System.out.print('['); if (it.hasNext()) { System.out.print(it.next()); } while (it.hasNext()) { System.out.print(", "); System.out.print(it.next()); } System.out.print(']'); }; var candidate = input.trim(); var out = decode.apply(candidate); if (out.getKey()) { printList.accept(out.getValue()); System.out.println(); } else { StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(candidate); builder.reverse(); out = decode.apply(builder.toString()); if (out.getKey()) { printList.accept(out.getValue()); System.out.println(" Upside down"); } else if (out.getValue().size() == 12) { System.out.println("Invalid checksum"); } else { System.out.println("Invalid digit(s)"); } } } public static void main(String[] args) { var barcodes = List.of( " # # # ## # ## # ## ### ## ### ## #### # # # ## ## # # ## ## ### # ## ## ### # # # ", " # # # ## ## # #### # # ## # ## # ## # # # ### # ### ## ## ### # # ### ### # # # ", " # # # # # ### # # # # # # # # # # ## # ## # ## # ## # # #### ### ## # # ", " # # ## ## ## ## # # # # ### # ## ## # # # ## ## # ### ## ## # # #### ## # # # ", " # # ### ## # ## ## ### ## # ## # # ## # # ### # ## ## # # ### # ## ## # # # ", " # # # # ## ## # # # # ## ## # # # # # #### # ## # #### #### # # ## # #### # # ", " # # # ## ## # # ## ## # ### ## ## # # # # # # # # ### # # ### # # # # # ", " # # # # ## ## # # ## ## ### # # # # # ### ## ## ### ## ### ### ## # ## ### ## # # ", " # # ### ## ## # # #### # ## # #### # #### # # # # # ### # # ### # # # ### # # # ", " # # # #### ## # #### # # ## ## ### #### # # # # ### # ### ### # # ### # # # ### # # " ); barcodes.forEach(UPC::decodeUPC); } }
#include <iostream> #include <locale> #include <map> #include <vector> std::string trim(const std::string &str) { auto s = str; auto it1 = std::find_if(s.rbegin(), s.rend(), [](char ch) { return !std::isspace<char>(ch, std::locale::classic()); }); s.erase(it1.base(), s.end()); auto it2 = std::find_if(s.begin(), s.end(), [](char ch) { return !std::isspace<char>(ch, std::locale::classic()); }); s.erase(s.begin(), it2); return s; } template <typename T> std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const std::vector<T> &v) { auto it = v.cbegin(); auto end = v.cend(); os << '['; if (it != end) { os << *it; it = std::next(it); } while (it != end) { os << ", " << *it; it = std::next(it); } return os << ']'; } const std::map<std::string, int> LEFT_DIGITS = { {" ## #", 0}, {" ## #", 1}, {" # ##", 2}, {" #### #", 3}, {" # ##", 4}, {" ## #", 5}, {" # ####", 6}, {" ### ##", 7}, {" ## ###", 8}, {" # ##", 9} }; const std::map<std::string, int> RIGHT_DIGITS = { {"### # ", 0}, {"## ## ", 1}, {"## ## ", 2}, {"# # ", 3}, {"# ### ", 4}, {"# ### ", 5}, {"# # ", 6}, {"# # ", 7}, {"# # ", 8}, {"### # ", 9} }; const std::string END_SENTINEL = "# #"; const std::string MID_SENTINEL = " # # "; void decodeUPC(const std::string &input) { auto decode = [](const std::string &candidate) { using OT = std::vector<int>; OT output; size_t pos = 0; auto part = candidate.substr(pos, END_SENTINEL.length()); if (part == END_SENTINEL) { pos += END_SENTINEL.length(); } else { return std::make_pair(false, OT{}); } for (size_t i = 0; i < 6; i++) { part = candidate.substr(pos, 7); pos += 7; auto e = LEFT_DIGITS.find(part); if (e != LEFT_DIGITS.end()) { output.push_back(e->second); } else { return std::make_pair(false, output); } } part = candidate.substr(pos, MID_SENTINEL.length()); if (part == MID_SENTINEL) { pos += MID_SENTINEL.length(); } else { return std::make_pair(false, OT{}); } for (size_t i = 0; i < 6; i++) { part = candidate.substr(pos, 7); pos += 7; auto e = RIGHT_DIGITS.find(part); if (e != RIGHT_DIGITS.end()) { output.push_back(e->second); } else { return std::make_pair(false, output); } } part = candidate.substr(pos, END_SENTINEL.length()); if (part == END_SENTINEL) { pos += END_SENTINEL.length(); } else { return std::make_pair(false, OT{}); } int sum = 0; for (size_t i = 0; i < output.size(); i++) { if (i % 2 == 0) { sum += 3 * output[i]; } else { sum += output[i]; } } return std::make_pair(sum % 10 == 0, output); }; auto candidate = trim(input); auto out = decode(candidate); if (out.first) { std::cout << out.second << '\n'; } else { std::reverse(candidate.begin(), candidate.end()); out = decode(candidate); if (out.first) { std::cout << out.second << " Upside down\n"; } else if (out.second.size()) { std::cout << "Invalid checksum\n"; } else { std::cout << "Invalid digit(s)\n"; } } } int main() { std::vector<std::string> barcodes = { " # # # ## # ## # ## ### ## ### ## #### # # # ## ## # # ## ## ### # ## ## ### # # # ", " # # # ## ## # #### # # ## # ## # ## # # # ### # ### ## ## ### # # ### ### # # # ", " # # # # # ### # # # # # # # # # # ## # ## # ## # ## # # #### ### ## # # ", " # # ## ## ## ## # # # # ### # ## ## # # # ## ## # ### ## ## # # #### ## # # # ", " # # ### ## # ## ## ### ## # ## # # ## # # ### # ## ## # # ### # ## ## # # # ", " # # # # ## ## # # # # ## ## # # # # # #### # ## # #### #### # # ## # #### # # ", " # # # ## ## # # ## ## # ### ## ## # # # # # # # # ### # # ### # # # # # ", " # # # # ## ## # # ## ## ### # # # # # ### ## ## ### ## ### ### ## # ## ### ## # # ", " # # ### ## ## # # #### # ## # #### # #### # # # # # ### # # ### # # # ### # # # ", " # # # #### ## # #### # # ## ## ### #### # # # # ### # ### ### # # ### # # # ### # # ", }; for (auto &barcode : barcodes) { decodeUPC(barcode); } return 0; }
Write the same code in C++ as shown below in Java.
import java.awt.Point; import java.util.Scanner; public class PlayfairCipher { private static char[][] charTable; private static Point[] positions; public static void main(String[] args) { Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in); String key = prompt("Enter an encryption key (min length 6): ", sc, 6); String txt = prompt("Enter the message: ", sc, 1); String jti = prompt("Replace J with I? y/n: ", sc, 1); boolean changeJtoI = jti.equalsIgnoreCase("y"); createTable(key, changeJtoI); String enc = encode(prepareText(txt, changeJtoI)); System.out.printf("%nEncoded message: %n%s%n", enc); System.out.printf("%nDecoded message: %n%s%n", decode(enc)); } private static String prompt(String promptText, Scanner sc, int minLen) { String s; do { System.out.print(promptText); s = sc.nextLine().trim(); } while (s.length() < minLen); return s; } private static String prepareText(String s, boolean changeJtoI) { s = s.toUpperCase().replaceAll("[^A-Z]", ""); return changeJtoI ? s.replace("J", "I") : s.replace("Q", ""); } private static void createTable(String key, boolean changeJtoI) { charTable = new char[5][5]; positions = new Point[26]; String s = prepareText(key + "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ", changeJtoI); int len = s.length(); for (int i = 0, k = 0; i < len; i++) { char c = s.charAt(i); if (positions[c - 'A'] == null) { charTable[k / 5][k % 5] = c; positions[c - 'A'] = new Point(k % 5, k / 5); k++; } } } private static String encode(String s) { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(s); for (int i = 0; i < sb.length(); i += 2) { if (i == sb.length() - 1) sb.append(sb.length() % 2 == 1 ? 'X' : ""); else if (sb.charAt(i) == sb.charAt(i + 1)) sb.insert(i + 1, 'X'); } return codec(sb, 1); } private static String decode(String s) { return codec(new StringBuilder(s), 4); } private static String codec(StringBuilder text, int direction) { int len = text.length(); for (int i = 0; i < len; i += 2) { char a = text.charAt(i); char b = text.charAt(i + 1); int row1 = positions[a - 'A'].y; int row2 = positions[b - 'A'].y; int col1 = positions[a - 'A'].x; int col2 = positions[b - 'A'].x; if (row1 == row2) { col1 = (col1 + direction) % 5; col2 = (col2 + direction) % 5; } else if (col1 == col2) { row1 = (row1 + direction) % 5; row2 = (row2 + direction) % 5; } else { int tmp = col1; col1 = col2; col2 = tmp; } text.setCharAt(i, charTable[row1][col1]); text.setCharAt(i + 1, charTable[row2][col2]); } return text.toString(); } }
#include <iostream> #include <string> using namespace std; class playfair { public: void doIt( string k, string t, bool ij, bool e ) { createGrid( k, ij ); getTextReady( t, ij, e ); if( e ) doIt( 1 ); else doIt( -1 ); display(); } private: void doIt( int dir ) { int a, b, c, d; string ntxt; for( string::const_iterator ti = _txt.begin(); ti != _txt.end(); ti++ ) { if( getCharPos( *ti++, a, b ) ) if( getCharPos( *ti, c, d ) ) { if( a == c ) { ntxt += getChar( a, b + dir ); ntxt += getChar( c, d + dir ); } else if( b == d ){ ntxt += getChar( a + dir, b ); ntxt += getChar( c + dir, d ); } else { ntxt += getChar( c, b ); ntxt += getChar( a, d ); } } } _txt = ntxt; } void display() { cout << "\n\n OUTPUT:\n=========" << endl; string::iterator si = _txt.begin(); int cnt = 0; while( si != _txt.end() ) { cout << *si; si++; cout << *si << " "; si++; if( ++cnt >= 26 ) cout << endl, cnt = 0; } cout << endl << endl; } char getChar( int a, int b ) { return _m[ (b + 5) % 5 ][ (a + 5) % 5 ]; } bool getCharPos( char l, int &a, int &b ) { for( int y = 0; y < 5; y++ ) for( int x = 0; x < 5; x++ ) if( _m[y][x] == l ) { a = x; b = y; return true; } return false; } void getTextReady( string t, bool ij, bool e ) { for( string::iterator si = t.begin(); si != t.end(); si++ ) { *si = toupper( *si ); if( *si < 65 || *si > 90 ) continue; if( *si == 'J' && ij ) *si = 'I'; else if( *si == 'Q' && !ij ) continue; _txt += *si; } if( e ) { string ntxt = ""; size_t len = _txt.length(); for( size_t x = 0; x < len; x += 2 ) { ntxt += _txt[x]; if( x + 1 < len ) { if( _txt[x] == _txt[x + 1] ) ntxt += 'X'; ntxt += _txt[x + 1]; } } _txt = ntxt; } if( _txt.length() & 1 ) _txt += 'X'; } void createGrid( string k, bool ij ) { if( k.length() < 1 ) k = "KEYWORD"; k += "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"; string nk = ""; for( string::iterator si = k.begin(); si != k.end(); si++ ) { *si = toupper( *si ); if( *si < 65 || *si > 90 ) continue; if( ( *si == 'J' && ij ) || ( *si == 'Q' && !ij ) )continue; if( nk.find( *si ) == -1 ) nk += *si; } copy( nk.begin(), nk.end(), &_m[0][0] ); } string _txt; char _m[5][5]; }; int main( int argc, char* argv[] ) { string key, i, txt; bool ij, e; cout << "(E)ncode or (D)ecode? "; getline( cin, i ); e = ( i[0] == 'e' || i[0] == 'E' ); cout << "Enter a en/decryption key: "; getline( cin, key ); cout << "I <-> J (Y/N): "; getline( cin, i ); ij = ( i[0] == 'y' || i[0] == 'Y' ); cout << "Enter the text: "; getline( cin, txt ); playfair pf; pf.doIt( key, txt, ij, e ); return system( "pause" ); }
Produce a functionally identical C++ code for the snippet given in Java.
import java.awt.Point; import java.util.Scanner; public class PlayfairCipher { private static char[][] charTable; private static Point[] positions; public static void main(String[] args) { Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in); String key = prompt("Enter an encryption key (min length 6): ", sc, 6); String txt = prompt("Enter the message: ", sc, 1); String jti = prompt("Replace J with I? y/n: ", sc, 1); boolean changeJtoI = jti.equalsIgnoreCase("y"); createTable(key, changeJtoI); String enc = encode(prepareText(txt, changeJtoI)); System.out.printf("%nEncoded message: %n%s%n", enc); System.out.printf("%nDecoded message: %n%s%n", decode(enc)); } private static String prompt(String promptText, Scanner sc, int minLen) { String s; do { System.out.print(promptText); s = sc.nextLine().trim(); } while (s.length() < minLen); return s; } private static String prepareText(String s, boolean changeJtoI) { s = s.toUpperCase().replaceAll("[^A-Z]", ""); return changeJtoI ? s.replace("J", "I") : s.replace("Q", ""); } private static void createTable(String key, boolean changeJtoI) { charTable = new char[5][5]; positions = new Point[26]; String s = prepareText(key + "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ", changeJtoI); int len = s.length(); for (int i = 0, k = 0; i < len; i++) { char c = s.charAt(i); if (positions[c - 'A'] == null) { charTable[k / 5][k % 5] = c; positions[c - 'A'] = new Point(k % 5, k / 5); k++; } } } private static String encode(String s) { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(s); for (int i = 0; i < sb.length(); i += 2) { if (i == sb.length() - 1) sb.append(sb.length() % 2 == 1 ? 'X' : ""); else if (sb.charAt(i) == sb.charAt(i + 1)) sb.insert(i + 1, 'X'); } return codec(sb, 1); } private static String decode(String s) { return codec(new StringBuilder(s), 4); } private static String codec(StringBuilder text, int direction) { int len = text.length(); for (int i = 0; i < len; i += 2) { char a = text.charAt(i); char b = text.charAt(i + 1); int row1 = positions[a - 'A'].y; int row2 = positions[b - 'A'].y; int col1 = positions[a - 'A'].x; int col2 = positions[b - 'A'].x; if (row1 == row2) { col1 = (col1 + direction) % 5; col2 = (col2 + direction) % 5; } else if (col1 == col2) { row1 = (row1 + direction) % 5; row2 = (row2 + direction) % 5; } else { int tmp = col1; col1 = col2; col2 = tmp; } text.setCharAt(i, charTable[row1][col1]); text.setCharAt(i + 1, charTable[row2][col2]); } return text.toString(); } }
#include <iostream> #include <string> using namespace std; class playfair { public: void doIt( string k, string t, bool ij, bool e ) { createGrid( k, ij ); getTextReady( t, ij, e ); if( e ) doIt( 1 ); else doIt( -1 ); display(); } private: void doIt( int dir ) { int a, b, c, d; string ntxt; for( string::const_iterator ti = _txt.begin(); ti != _txt.end(); ti++ ) { if( getCharPos( *ti++, a, b ) ) if( getCharPos( *ti, c, d ) ) { if( a == c ) { ntxt += getChar( a, b + dir ); ntxt += getChar( c, d + dir ); } else if( b == d ){ ntxt += getChar( a + dir, b ); ntxt += getChar( c + dir, d ); } else { ntxt += getChar( c, b ); ntxt += getChar( a, d ); } } } _txt = ntxt; } void display() { cout << "\n\n OUTPUT:\n=========" << endl; string::iterator si = _txt.begin(); int cnt = 0; while( si != _txt.end() ) { cout << *si; si++; cout << *si << " "; si++; if( ++cnt >= 26 ) cout << endl, cnt = 0; } cout << endl << endl; } char getChar( int a, int b ) { return _m[ (b + 5) % 5 ][ (a + 5) % 5 ]; } bool getCharPos( char l, int &a, int &b ) { for( int y = 0; y < 5; y++ ) for( int x = 0; x < 5; x++ ) if( _m[y][x] == l ) { a = x; b = y; return true; } return false; } void getTextReady( string t, bool ij, bool e ) { for( string::iterator si = t.begin(); si != t.end(); si++ ) { *si = toupper( *si ); if( *si < 65 || *si > 90 ) continue; if( *si == 'J' && ij ) *si = 'I'; else if( *si == 'Q' && !ij ) continue; _txt += *si; } if( e ) { string ntxt = ""; size_t len = _txt.length(); for( size_t x = 0; x < len; x += 2 ) { ntxt += _txt[x]; if( x + 1 < len ) { if( _txt[x] == _txt[x + 1] ) ntxt += 'X'; ntxt += _txt[x + 1]; } } _txt = ntxt; } if( _txt.length() & 1 ) _txt += 'X'; } void createGrid( string k, bool ij ) { if( k.length() < 1 ) k = "KEYWORD"; k += "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"; string nk = ""; for( string::iterator si = k.begin(); si != k.end(); si++ ) { *si = toupper( *si ); if( *si < 65 || *si > 90 ) continue; if( ( *si == 'J' && ij ) || ( *si == 'Q' && !ij ) )continue; if( nk.find( *si ) == -1 ) nk += *si; } copy( nk.begin(), nk.end(), &_m[0][0] ); } string _txt; char _m[5][5]; }; int main( int argc, char* argv[] ) { string key, i, txt; bool ij, e; cout << "(E)ncode or (D)ecode? "; getline( cin, i ); e = ( i[0] == 'e' || i[0] == 'E' ); cout << "Enter a en/decryption key: "; getline( cin, key ); cout << "I <-> J (Y/N): "; getline( cin, i ); ij = ( i[0] == 'y' || i[0] == 'Y' ); cout << "Enter the text: "; getline( cin, txt ); playfair pf; pf.doIt( key, txt, ij, e ); return system( "pause" ); }
Produce a language-to-language conversion: from Java to C++, same semantics.
import java.util.*; public class ClosestPair { public static class Point { public final double x; public final double y; public Point(double x, double y) { this.x = x; this.y = y; } public String toString() { return "(" + x + ", " + y + ")"; } } public static class Pair { public Point point1 = null; public Point point2 = null; public double distance = 0.0; public Pair() { } public Pair(Point point1, Point point2) { this.point1 = point1; this.point2 = point2; calcDistance(); } public void update(Point point1, Point point2, double distance) { this.point1 = point1; this.point2 = point2; this.distance = distance; } public void calcDistance() { this.distance = distance(point1, point2); } public String toString() { return point1 + "-" + point2 + " : " + distance; } } public static double distance(Point p1, Point p2) { double xdist = p2.x - p1.x; double ydist = p2.y - p1.y; return Math.hypot(xdist, ydist); } public static Pair bruteForce(List<? extends Point> points) { int numPoints = points.size(); if (numPoints < 2) return null; Pair pair = new Pair(points.get(0), points.get(1)); if (numPoints > 2) { for (int i = 0; i < numPoints - 1; i++) { Point point1 = points.get(i); for (int j = i + 1; j < numPoints; j++) { Point point2 = points.get(j); double distance = distance(point1, point2); if (distance < pair.distance) pair.update(point1, point2, distance); } } } return pair; } public static void sortByX(List<? extends Point> points) { Collections.sort(points, new Comparator<Point>() { public int compare(Point point1, Point point2) { if (point1.x < point2.x) return -1; if (point1.x > point2.x) return 1; return 0; } } ); } public static void sortByY(List<? extends Point> points) { Collections.sort(points, new Comparator<Point>() { public int compare(Point point1, Point point2) { if (point1.y < point2.y) return -1; if (point1.y > point2.y) return 1; return 0; } } ); } public static Pair divideAndConquer(List<? extends Point> points) { List<Point> pointsSortedByX = new ArrayList<Point>(points); sortByX(pointsSortedByX); List<Point> pointsSortedByY = new ArrayList<Point>(points); sortByY(pointsSortedByY); return divideAndConquer(pointsSortedByX, pointsSortedByY); } private static Pair divideAndConquer(List<? extends Point> pointsSortedByX, List<? extends Point> pointsSortedByY) { int numPoints = pointsSortedByX.size(); if (numPoints <= 3) return bruteForce(pointsSortedByX); int dividingIndex = numPoints >>> 1; List<? extends Point> leftOfCenter = pointsSortedByX.subList(0, dividingIndex); List<? extends Point> rightOfCenter = pointsSortedByX.subList(dividingIndex, numPoints); List<Point> tempList = new ArrayList<Point>(leftOfCenter); sortByY(tempList); Pair closestPair = divideAndConquer(leftOfCenter, tempList); tempList.clear(); tempList.addAll(rightOfCenter); sortByY(tempList); Pair closestPairRight = divideAndConquer(rightOfCenter, tempList); if (closestPairRight.distance < closestPair.distance) closestPair = closestPairRight; tempList.clear(); double shortestDistance =closestPair.distance; double centerX = rightOfCenter.get(0).x; for (Point point : pointsSortedByY) if (Math.abs(centerX - point.x) < shortestDistance) tempList.add(point); for (int i = 0; i < tempList.size() - 1; i++) { Point point1 = tempList.get(i); for (int j = i + 1; j < tempList.size(); j++) { Point point2 = tempList.get(j); if ((point2.y - point1.y) >= shortestDistance) break; double distance = distance(point1, point2); if (distance < closestPair.distance) { closestPair.update(point1, point2, distance); shortestDistance = distance; } } } return closestPair; } public static void main(String[] args) { int numPoints = (args.length == 0) ? 1000 : Integer.parseInt(args[0]); List<Point> points = new ArrayList<Point>(); Random r = new Random(); for (int i = 0; i < numPoints; i++) points.add(new Point(r.nextDouble(), r.nextDouble())); System.out.println("Generated " + numPoints + " random points"); long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); Pair bruteForceClosestPair = bruteForce(points); long elapsedTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime; System.out.println("Brute force (" + elapsedTime + " ms): " + bruteForceClosestPair); startTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); Pair dqClosestPair = divideAndConquer(points); elapsedTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime; System.out.println("Divide and conquer (" + elapsedTime + " ms): " + dqClosestPair); if (bruteForceClosestPair.distance != dqClosestPair.distance) System.out.println("MISMATCH"); } }
#include <iostream> #include <vector> #include <utility> #include <cmath> #include <random> #include <chrono> #include <algorithm> #include <iterator> typedef std::pair<double, double> point_t; typedef std::pair<point_t, point_t> points_t; double distance_between(const point_t& a, const point_t& b) { return std::sqrt(std::pow(b.first - a.first, 2) + std::pow(b.second - a.second, 2)); } std::pair<double, points_t> find_closest_brute(const std::vector<point_t>& points) { if (points.size() < 2) { return { -1, { { 0, 0 }, { 0, 0 } } }; } auto minDistance = std::abs(distance_between(points.at(0), points.at(1))); points_t minPoints = { points.at(0), points.at(1) }; for (auto i = std::begin(points); i != (std::end(points) - 1); ++i) { for (auto j = i + 1; j < std::end(points); ++j) { auto newDistance = std::abs(distance_between(*i, *j)); if (newDistance < minDistance) { minDistance = newDistance; minPoints.first = *i; minPoints.second = *j; } } } return { minDistance, minPoints }; } std::pair<double, points_t> find_closest_optimized(const std::vector<point_t>& xP, const std::vector<point_t>& yP) { if (xP.size() <= 3) { return find_closest_brute(xP); } auto N = xP.size(); auto xL = std::vector<point_t>(); auto xR = std::vector<point_t>(); std::copy(std::begin(xP), std::begin(xP) + (N / 2), std::back_inserter(xL)); std::copy(std::begin(xP) + (N / 2), std::end(xP), std::back_inserter(xR)); auto xM = xP.at((N-1) / 2).first; auto yL = std::vector<point_t>(); auto yR = std::vector<point_t>(); std::copy_if(std::begin(yP), std::end(yP), std::back_inserter(yL), [&xM](const point_t& p) { return p.first <= xM; }); std::copy_if(std::begin(yP), std::end(yP), std::back_inserter(yR), [&xM](const point_t& p) { return p.first > xM; }); auto p1 = find_closest_optimized(xL, yL); auto p2 = find_closest_optimized(xR, yR); auto minPair = (p1.first <= p2.first) ? p1 : p2; auto yS = std::vector<point_t>(); std::copy_if(std::begin(yP), std::end(yP), std::back_inserter(yS), [&minPair, &xM](const point_t& p) { return std::abs(xM - p.first) < minPair.first; }); auto result = minPair; for (auto i = std::begin(yS); i != (std::end(yS) - 1); ++i) { for (auto k = i + 1; k != std::end(yS) && ((k->second - i->second) < minPair.first); ++k) { auto newDistance = std::abs(distance_between(*k, *i)); if (newDistance < result.first) { result = { newDistance, { *k, *i } }; } } } return result; } void print_point(const point_t& point) { std::cout << "(" << point.first << ", " << point.second << ")"; } int main(int argc, char * argv[]) { std::default_random_engine re(std::chrono::system_clock::to_time_t( std::chrono::system_clock::now())); std::uniform_real_distribution<double> urd(-500.0, 500.0); std::vector<point_t> points(100); std::generate(std::begin(points), std::end(points), [&urd, &re]() { return point_t { 1000 + urd(re), 1000 + urd(re) }; }); auto answer = find_closest_brute(points); std::sort(std::begin(points), std::end(points), [](const point_t& a, const point_t& b) { return a.first < b.first; }); auto xP = points; std::sort(std::begin(points), std::end(points), [](const point_t& a, const point_t& b) { return a.second < b.second; }); auto yP = points; std::cout << "Min distance (brute): " << answer.first << " "; print_point(answer.second.first); std::cout << ", "; print_point(answer.second.second); answer = find_closest_optimized(xP, yP); std::cout << "\nMin distance (optimized): " << answer.first << " "; print_point(answer.second.first); std::cout << ", "; print_point(answer.second.second); return 0; }
Can you help me rewrite this code in C++ instead of Java, keeping it the same logically?
public class Animal{ }
class Animal { }; class Dog: public Animal { }; class Lab: public Dog { }; class Collie: public Dog { }; class Cat: public Animal { };
Convert the following code from Java to C++, ensuring the logic remains intact.
public class Animal{ }
class Animal { }; class Dog: public Animal { }; class Lab: public Dog { }; class Collie: public Dog { }; class Cat: public Animal { };
Write a version of this Java function in C++ with identical behavior.
Map<String, Int> map = new HashMap(); map["foo"] = 5; map["bar"] = 10; map["baz"] = 15; map["foo"] = 6;
#include <map>
Translate the given Java code snippet into C++ without altering its behavior.
import java.math.BigInteger; import java.util.*; public class WilsonPrimes { public static void main(String[] args) { final int limit = 11000; BigInteger[] f = new BigInteger[limit]; f[0] = BigInteger.ONE; BigInteger factorial = BigInteger.ONE; for (int i = 1; i < limit; ++i) { factorial = factorial.multiply(BigInteger.valueOf(i)); f[i] = factorial; } List<Integer> primes = generatePrimes(limit); System.out.printf(" n | Wilson primes\n--------------------\n"); BigInteger s = BigInteger.valueOf(-1); for (int n = 1; n <= 11; ++n) { System.out.printf("%2d |", n); for (int p : primes) { if (p >= n && f[n - 1].multiply(f[p - n]).subtract(s) .mod(BigInteger.valueOf(p * p)) .equals(BigInteger.ZERO)) System.out.printf(" %d", p); } s = s.negate(); System.out.println(); } } private static List<Integer> generatePrimes(int limit) { boolean[] sieve = new boolean[limit >> 1]; Arrays.fill(sieve, true); for (int p = 3, s = 9; s < limit; p += 2) { if (sieve[p >> 1]) { for (int q = s; q < limit; q += p << 1) sieve[q >> 1] = false; } s += (p + 1) << 2; } List<Integer> primes = new ArrayList<>(); if (limit > 2) primes.add(2); for (int i = 1; i < sieve.length; ++i) { if (sieve[i]) primes.add((i << 1) + 1); } return primes; } }
#include <iomanip> #include <iostream> #include <vector> #include <gmpxx.h> std::vector<int> generate_primes(int limit) { std::vector<bool> sieve(limit >> 1, true); for (int p = 3, s = 9; s < limit; p += 2) { if (sieve[p >> 1]) { for (int q = s; q < limit; q += p << 1) sieve[q >> 1] = false; } s += (p + 1) << 2; } std::vector<int> primes; if (limit > 2) primes.push_back(2); for (int i = 1; i < sieve.size(); ++i) { if (sieve[i]) primes.push_back((i << 1) + 1); } return primes; } int main() { using big_int = mpz_class; const int limit = 11000; std::vector<big_int> f{1}; f.reserve(limit); big_int factorial = 1; for (int i = 1; i < limit; ++i) { factorial *= i; f.push_back(factorial); } std::vector<int> primes = generate_primes(limit); std::cout << " n | Wilson primes\n--------------------\n"; for (int n = 1, s = -1; n <= 11; ++n, s = -s) { std::cout << std::setw(2) << n << " |"; for (int p : primes) { if (p >= n && (f[n - 1] * f[p - n] - s) % (p * p) == 0) std::cout << ' ' << p; } std::cout << '\n'; } }
Rewrite this program in C++ while keeping its functionality equivalent to the Java version.
import java.awt.*; import javax.swing.*; public class ColorWheel { public static void main(String[] args) { SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() { public void run() { ColorWheelFrame frame = new ColorWheelFrame(); frame.setVisible(true); } }); } private static class ColorWheelFrame extends JFrame { private ColorWheelFrame() { super("Color Wheel"); setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); getContentPane().add(new ColorWheelPanel()); pack(); } } private static class ColorWheelPanel extends JComponent { private ColorWheelPanel() { setPreferredSize(new Dimension(400, 400)); } public void paint(Graphics g) { Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D)g; int w = getWidth(); int h = getHeight(); int margin = 10; int radius = (Math.min(w, h) - 2 * margin)/2; int cx = w/2; int cy = h/2; float[] dist = {0.F, 1.0F}; g2.setColor(Color.BLACK); g2.fillRect(0, 0, w, h); for (int angle = 0; angle < 360; ++angle) { Color color = hsvToRgb(angle, 1.0, 1.0); Color[] colors = {Color.WHITE, color}; RadialGradientPaint paint = new RadialGradientPaint(cx, cy, radius, dist, colors); g2.setPaint(paint); g2.fillArc(cx - radius, cy - radius, radius*2, radius*2, angle, 1); } } } private static Color hsvToRgb(int h, double s, double v) { double hp = h/60.0; double c = s * v; double x = c * (1 - Math.abs(hp % 2.0 - 1)); double m = v - c; double r = 0, g = 0, b = 0; if (hp <= 1) { r = c; g = x; } else if (hp <= 2) { r = x; g = c; } else if (hp <= 3) { g = c; b = x; } else if (hp <= 4) { g = x; b = c; } else if (hp <= 5) { r = x; b = c; } else { r = c; b = x; } r += m; g += m; b += m; return new Color((int)(r * 255), (int)(g * 255), (int)(b * 255)); } }
#include "colorwheelwidget.h" #include <QPainter> #include <QPaintEvent> #include <cmath> namespace { QColor hsvToRgb(int h, double s, double v) { double hp = h/60.0; double c = s * v; double x = c * (1 - std::abs(std::fmod(hp, 2) - 1)); double m = v - c; double r = 0, g = 0, b = 0; if (hp <= 1) { r = c; g = x; } else if (hp <= 2) { r = x; g = c; } else if (hp <= 3) { g = c; b = x; } else if (hp <= 4) { g = x; b = c; } else if (hp <= 5) { r = x; b = c; } else { r = c; b = x; } r += m; g += m; b += m; return QColor(r * 255, g * 255, b * 255); } } ColorWheelWidget::ColorWheelWidget(QWidget *parent) : QWidget(parent) { setWindowTitle(tr("Color Wheel")); resize(400, 400); } void ColorWheelWidget::paintEvent(QPaintEvent *event) { QPainter painter(this); painter.setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing); const QColor backgroundColor(0, 0, 0); const QColor white(255, 255, 255); painter.fillRect(event->rect(), backgroundColor); const int margin = 10; const double diameter = std::min(width(), height()) - 2*margin; QPointF center(width()/2.0, height()/2.0); QRectF rect(center.x() - diameter/2.0, center.y() - diameter/2.0, diameter, diameter); for (int angle = 0; angle < 360; ++angle) { QColor color(hsvToRgb(angle, 1.0, 1.0)); QRadialGradient gradient(center, diameter/2.0); gradient.setColorAt(0, white); gradient.setColorAt(1, color); QBrush brush(gradient); QPen pen(brush, 1.0); painter.setPen(pen); painter.setBrush(brush); painter.drawPie(rect, angle * 16, 16); } }
Convert this Java snippet to C++ and keep its semantics consistent.
import java.awt.*; import javax.swing.*; public class ColorWheel { public static void main(String[] args) { SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() { public void run() { ColorWheelFrame frame = new ColorWheelFrame(); frame.setVisible(true); } }); } private static class ColorWheelFrame extends JFrame { private ColorWheelFrame() { super("Color Wheel"); setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); getContentPane().add(new ColorWheelPanel()); pack(); } } private static class ColorWheelPanel extends JComponent { private ColorWheelPanel() { setPreferredSize(new Dimension(400, 400)); } public void paint(Graphics g) { Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D)g; int w = getWidth(); int h = getHeight(); int margin = 10; int radius = (Math.min(w, h) - 2 * margin)/2; int cx = w/2; int cy = h/2; float[] dist = {0.F, 1.0F}; g2.setColor(Color.BLACK); g2.fillRect(0, 0, w, h); for (int angle = 0; angle < 360; ++angle) { Color color = hsvToRgb(angle, 1.0, 1.0); Color[] colors = {Color.WHITE, color}; RadialGradientPaint paint = new RadialGradientPaint(cx, cy, radius, dist, colors); g2.setPaint(paint); g2.fillArc(cx - radius, cy - radius, radius*2, radius*2, angle, 1); } } } private static Color hsvToRgb(int h, double s, double v) { double hp = h/60.0; double c = s * v; double x = c * (1 - Math.abs(hp % 2.0 - 1)); double m = v - c; double r = 0, g = 0, b = 0; if (hp <= 1) { r = c; g = x; } else if (hp <= 2) { r = x; g = c; } else if (hp <= 3) { g = c; b = x; } else if (hp <= 4) { g = x; b = c; } else if (hp <= 5) { r = x; b = c; } else { r = c; b = x; } r += m; g += m; b += m; return new Color((int)(r * 255), (int)(g * 255), (int)(b * 255)); } }
#include "colorwheelwidget.h" #include <QPainter> #include <QPaintEvent> #include <cmath> namespace { QColor hsvToRgb(int h, double s, double v) { double hp = h/60.0; double c = s * v; double x = c * (1 - std::abs(std::fmod(hp, 2) - 1)); double m = v - c; double r = 0, g = 0, b = 0; if (hp <= 1) { r = c; g = x; } else if (hp <= 2) { r = x; g = c; } else if (hp <= 3) { g = c; b = x; } else if (hp <= 4) { g = x; b = c; } else if (hp <= 5) { r = x; b = c; } else { r = c; b = x; } r += m; g += m; b += m; return QColor(r * 255, g * 255, b * 255); } } ColorWheelWidget::ColorWheelWidget(QWidget *parent) : QWidget(parent) { setWindowTitle(tr("Color Wheel")); resize(400, 400); } void ColorWheelWidget::paintEvent(QPaintEvent *event) { QPainter painter(this); painter.setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing); const QColor backgroundColor(0, 0, 0); const QColor white(255, 255, 255); painter.fillRect(event->rect(), backgroundColor); const int margin = 10; const double diameter = std::min(width(), height()) - 2*margin; QPointF center(width()/2.0, height()/2.0); QRectF rect(center.x() - diameter/2.0, center.y() - diameter/2.0, diameter, diameter); for (int angle = 0; angle < 360; ++angle) { QColor color(hsvToRgb(angle, 1.0, 1.0)); QRadialGradient gradient(center, diameter/2.0); gradient.setColorAt(0, white); gradient.setColorAt(1, color); QBrush brush(gradient); QPen pen(brush, 1.0); painter.setPen(pen); painter.setBrush(brush); painter.drawPie(rect, angle * 16, 16); } }
Write a version of this Java function in C++ with identical behavior.
import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import java.awt.image.*; import static java.awt.image.BufferedImage.*; import static java.lang.Math.*; import javax.swing.*; public class PlasmaEffect extends JPanel { float[][] plasma; float hueShift = 0; BufferedImage img; public PlasmaEffect() { Dimension dim = new Dimension(640, 640); setPreferredSize(dim); setBackground(Color.white); img = new BufferedImage(dim.width, dim.height, TYPE_INT_RGB); plasma = createPlasma(dim.height, dim.width); new Timer(42, (ActionEvent e) -> { hueShift = (hueShift + 0.02f) % 1; repaint(); }).start(); } float[][] createPlasma(int w, int h) { float[][] buffer = new float[h][w]; for (int y = 0; y < h; y++) for (int x = 0; x < w; x++) { double value = sin(x / 16.0); value += sin(y / 8.0); value += sin((x + y) / 16.0); value += sin(sqrt(x * x + y * y) / 8.0); value += 4; value /= 8; assert (value >= 0.0 && value <= 1.0) : "Hue value out of bounds"; buffer[y][x] = (float) value; } return buffer; } void drawPlasma(Graphics2D g) { int h = plasma.length; int w = plasma[0].length; for (int y = 0; y < h; y++) for (int x = 0; x < w; x++) { float hue = hueShift + plasma[y][x] % 1; img.setRGB(x, y, Color.HSBtoRGB(hue, 1, 1)); } g.drawImage(img, 0, 0, null); } @Override public void paintComponent(Graphics gg) { super.paintComponent(gg); Graphics2D g = (Graphics2D) gg; g.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON); drawPlasma(g); } public static void main(String[] args) { SwingUtilities.invokeLater(() -> { JFrame f = new JFrame(); f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); f.setTitle("Plasma Effect"); f.setResizable(false); f.add(new PlasmaEffect(), BorderLayout.CENTER); f.pack(); f.setLocationRelativeTo(null); f.setVisible(true); }); } }
#include <windows.h> #include <math.h> #include <string> const int BMP_SIZE = 240, MY_TIMER = 987654; class myBitmap { public: myBitmap() : pen( NULL ), brush( NULL ), clr( 0 ), wid( 1 ) {} ~myBitmap() { DeleteObject( pen ); DeleteObject( brush ); DeleteDC( hdc ); DeleteObject( bmp ); } bool create( int w, int h ) { BITMAPINFO bi; ZeroMemory( &bi, sizeof( bi ) ); bi.bmiHeader.biSize = sizeof( bi.bmiHeader ); bi.bmiHeader.biBitCount = sizeof( DWORD ) * 8; bi.bmiHeader.biCompression = BI_RGB; bi.bmiHeader.biPlanes = 1; bi.bmiHeader.biWidth = w; bi.bmiHeader.biHeight = -h; HDC dc = GetDC( GetConsoleWindow() ); bmp = CreateDIBSection( dc, &bi, DIB_RGB_COLORS, &pBits, NULL, 0 ); if( !bmp ) return false; hdc = CreateCompatibleDC( dc ); SelectObject( hdc, bmp ); ReleaseDC( GetConsoleWindow(), dc ); width = w; height = h; return true; } void clear( BYTE clr = 0 ) { memset( pBits, clr, width * height * sizeof( DWORD ) ); } void setBrushColor( DWORD bClr ) { if( brush ) DeleteObject( brush ); brush = CreateSolidBrush( bClr ); SelectObject( hdc, brush ); } void setPenColor( DWORD c ) { clr = c; createPen(); } void setPenWidth( int w ) { wid = w; createPen(); } void saveBitmap( std::string path ) { BITMAPFILEHEADER fileheader; BITMAPINFO infoheader; BITMAP bitmap; DWORD wb; GetObject( bmp, sizeof( bitmap ), &bitmap ); DWORD* dwpBits = new DWORD[bitmap.bmWidth * bitmap.bmHeight]; ZeroMemory( dwpBits, bitmap.bmWidth * bitmap.bmHeight * sizeof( DWORD ) ); ZeroMemory( &infoheader, sizeof( BITMAPINFO ) ); ZeroMemory( &fileheader, sizeof( BITMAPFILEHEADER ) ); infoheader.bmiHeader.biBitCount = sizeof( DWORD ) * 8; infoheader.bmiHeader.biCompression = BI_RGB; infoheader.bmiHeader.biPlanes = 1; infoheader.bmiHeader.biSize = sizeof( infoheader.bmiHeader ); infoheader.bmiHeader.biHeight = bitmap.bmHeight; infoheader.bmiHeader.biWidth = bitmap.bmWidth; infoheader.bmiHeader.biSizeImage = bitmap.bmWidth * bitmap.bmHeight * sizeof( DWORD ); fileheader.bfType = 0x4D42; fileheader.bfOffBits = sizeof( infoheader.bmiHeader ) + sizeof( BITMAPFILEHEADER ); fileheader.bfSize = fileheader.bfOffBits + infoheader.bmiHeader.biSizeImage; GetDIBits( hdc, bmp, 0, height, ( LPVOID )dwpBits, &infoheader, DIB_RGB_COLORS ); HANDLE file = CreateFile( path.c_str(), GENERIC_WRITE, 0, NULL, CREATE_ALWAYS, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL ); WriteFile( file, &fileheader, sizeof( BITMAPFILEHEADER ), &wb, NULL ); WriteFile( file, &infoheader.bmiHeader, sizeof( infoheader.bmiHeader ), &wb, NULL ); WriteFile( file, dwpBits, bitmap.bmWidth * bitmap.bmHeight * 4, &wb, NULL ); CloseHandle( file ); delete [] dwpBits; } HDC getDC() const { return hdc; } DWORD* bits() { return ( DWORD* )pBits; } private: void createPen() { if( pen ) DeleteObject( pen ); pen = CreatePen( PS_SOLID, wid, clr ); SelectObject( hdc, pen ); } HBITMAP bmp; HDC hdc; HPEN pen; HBRUSH brush; void *pBits; int width, height, wid; DWORD clr; }; class plasma { public: plasma() { currentTime = 0; _WD = BMP_SIZE >> 1; _WV = BMP_SIZE << 1; _bmp.create( BMP_SIZE, BMP_SIZE ); _bmp.clear(); plasma1 = new BYTE[BMP_SIZE * BMP_SIZE * 4]; plasma2 = new BYTE[BMP_SIZE * BMP_SIZE * 4]; int i, j, dst = 0; double temp; for( j = 0; j < BMP_SIZE * 2; j++ ) { for( i = 0; i < BMP_SIZE * 2; i++ ) { plasma1[dst] = ( BYTE )( 128.0 + 127.0 * ( cos( ( double )hypot( BMP_SIZE - j, BMP_SIZE - i ) / 64.0 ) ) ); plasma2[dst] = ( BYTE )( ( sin( ( sqrt( 128.0 + ( BMP_SIZE - i ) * ( BMP_SIZE - i ) + ( BMP_SIZE - j ) * ( BMP_SIZE - j ) ) - 4.0 ) / 32.0 ) + 1 ) * 90.0 ); dst++; } } } void update() { DWORD dst; BYTE a, c1,c2, c3; currentTime += ( double )( rand() % 2 + 1 ); int x1 = _WD + ( int )( ( _WD - 1 ) * sin( currentTime / 137 ) ), x2 = _WD + ( int )( ( _WD - 1 ) * sin( -currentTime / 75 ) ), x3 = _WD + ( int )( ( _WD - 1 ) * sin( -currentTime / 125 ) ), y1 = _WD + ( int )( ( _WD - 1 ) * cos( currentTime / 123 ) ), y2 = _WD + ( int )( ( _WD - 1 ) * cos( -currentTime / 85 ) ), y3 = _WD + ( int )( ( _WD - 1 ) * cos( -currentTime / 108 ) ); int src1 = y1 * _WV + x1, src2 = y2 * _WV + x2, src3 = y3 * _WV + x3; DWORD* bits = _bmp.bits(); for( int j = 0; j < BMP_SIZE; j++ ) { dst = j * BMP_SIZE; for( int i= 0; i < BMP_SIZE; i++ ) { a = plasma2[src1] + plasma1[src2] + plasma2[src3]; c1 = a << 1; c2 = a << 2; c3 = a << 3; bits[dst + i] = RGB( c1, c2, c3 ); src1++; src2++; src3++; } src1 += BMP_SIZE; src2 += BMP_SIZE; src3 += BMP_SIZE; } draw(); } void setHWND( HWND hwnd ) { _hwnd = hwnd; } private: void draw() { HDC dc = _bmp.getDC(), wdc = GetDC( _hwnd ); BitBlt( wdc, 0, 0, BMP_SIZE, BMP_SIZE, dc, 0, 0, SRCCOPY ); ReleaseDC( _hwnd, wdc ); } myBitmap _bmp; HWND _hwnd; float _ang; BYTE *plasma1, *plasma2; double currentTime; int _WD, _WV; }; class wnd { public: wnd() { _inst = this; } int wnd::Run( HINSTANCE hInst ) { _hInst = hInst; _hwnd = InitAll(); SetTimer( _hwnd, MY_TIMER, 15, NULL ); _plasma.setHWND( _hwnd ); ShowWindow( _hwnd, SW_SHOW ); UpdateWindow( _hwnd ); MSG msg; ZeroMemory( &msg, sizeof( msg ) ); while( msg.message != WM_QUIT ) { if( PeekMessage( &msg, NULL, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE ) != 0 ) { TranslateMessage( &msg ); DispatchMessage( &msg ); } } return UnregisterClass( "_MY_PLASMA_", _hInst ); } private: void wnd::doPaint( HDC dc ) { _plasma.update(); } void wnd::doTimer() { _plasma.update(); } static int WINAPI wnd::WndProc( HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam ) { switch( msg ) { case WM_PAINT: { PAINTSTRUCT ps; _inst->doPaint( BeginPaint( hWnd, &ps ) ); EndPaint( hWnd, &ps ); return 0; } case WM_DESTROY: PostQuitMessage( 0 ); break; case WM_TIMER: _inst->doTimer(); break; default: return DefWindowProc( hWnd, msg, wParam, lParam ); } return 0; } HWND InitAll() { WNDCLASSEX wcex; ZeroMemory( &wcex, sizeof( wcex ) ); wcex.cbSize = sizeof( WNDCLASSEX ); wcex.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW; wcex.lpfnWndProc = ( WNDPROC )WndProc; wcex.hInstance = _hInst; wcex.hCursor = LoadCursor( NULL, IDC_ARROW ); wcex.hbrBackground = ( HBRUSH )( COLOR_WINDOW + 1 ); wcex.lpszClassName = "_MY_PLASMA_"; RegisterClassEx( &wcex ); RECT rc = { 0, 0, BMP_SIZE, BMP_SIZE }; AdjustWindowRect( &rc, WS_SYSMENU | WS_CAPTION, FALSE ); int w = rc.right - rc.left, h = rc.bottom - rc.top; return CreateWindow( "_MY_PLASMA_", ".: Plasma -- PJorente :.", WS_SYSMENU, CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, w, h, NULL, NULL, _hInst, NULL ); } static wnd* _inst; HINSTANCE _hInst; HWND _hwnd; plasma _plasma; }; wnd* wnd::_inst = 0; int APIENTRY WinMain( HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPTSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow ) { wnd myWnd; return myWnd.Run( hInstance ); }
Rewrite this program in C++ while keeping its functionality equivalent to the Java version.
import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import java.awt.image.*; import static java.awt.image.BufferedImage.*; import static java.lang.Math.*; import javax.swing.*; public class PlasmaEffect extends JPanel { float[][] plasma; float hueShift = 0; BufferedImage img; public PlasmaEffect() { Dimension dim = new Dimension(640, 640); setPreferredSize(dim); setBackground(Color.white); img = new BufferedImage(dim.width, dim.height, TYPE_INT_RGB); plasma = createPlasma(dim.height, dim.width); new Timer(42, (ActionEvent e) -> { hueShift = (hueShift + 0.02f) % 1; repaint(); }).start(); } float[][] createPlasma(int w, int h) { float[][] buffer = new float[h][w]; for (int y = 0; y < h; y++) for (int x = 0; x < w; x++) { double value = sin(x / 16.0); value += sin(y / 8.0); value += sin((x + y) / 16.0); value += sin(sqrt(x * x + y * y) / 8.0); value += 4; value /= 8; assert (value >= 0.0 && value <= 1.0) : "Hue value out of bounds"; buffer[y][x] = (float) value; } return buffer; } void drawPlasma(Graphics2D g) { int h = plasma.length; int w = plasma[0].length; for (int y = 0; y < h; y++) for (int x = 0; x < w; x++) { float hue = hueShift + plasma[y][x] % 1; img.setRGB(x, y, Color.HSBtoRGB(hue, 1, 1)); } g.drawImage(img, 0, 0, null); } @Override public void paintComponent(Graphics gg) { super.paintComponent(gg); Graphics2D g = (Graphics2D) gg; g.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON); drawPlasma(g); } public static void main(String[] args) { SwingUtilities.invokeLater(() -> { JFrame f = new JFrame(); f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); f.setTitle("Plasma Effect"); f.setResizable(false); f.add(new PlasmaEffect(), BorderLayout.CENTER); f.pack(); f.setLocationRelativeTo(null); f.setVisible(true); }); } }
#include <windows.h> #include <math.h> #include <string> const int BMP_SIZE = 240, MY_TIMER = 987654; class myBitmap { public: myBitmap() : pen( NULL ), brush( NULL ), clr( 0 ), wid( 1 ) {} ~myBitmap() { DeleteObject( pen ); DeleteObject( brush ); DeleteDC( hdc ); DeleteObject( bmp ); } bool create( int w, int h ) { BITMAPINFO bi; ZeroMemory( &bi, sizeof( bi ) ); bi.bmiHeader.biSize = sizeof( bi.bmiHeader ); bi.bmiHeader.biBitCount = sizeof( DWORD ) * 8; bi.bmiHeader.biCompression = BI_RGB; bi.bmiHeader.biPlanes = 1; bi.bmiHeader.biWidth = w; bi.bmiHeader.biHeight = -h; HDC dc = GetDC( GetConsoleWindow() ); bmp = CreateDIBSection( dc, &bi, DIB_RGB_COLORS, &pBits, NULL, 0 ); if( !bmp ) return false; hdc = CreateCompatibleDC( dc ); SelectObject( hdc, bmp ); ReleaseDC( GetConsoleWindow(), dc ); width = w; height = h; return true; } void clear( BYTE clr = 0 ) { memset( pBits, clr, width * height * sizeof( DWORD ) ); } void setBrushColor( DWORD bClr ) { if( brush ) DeleteObject( brush ); brush = CreateSolidBrush( bClr ); SelectObject( hdc, brush ); } void setPenColor( DWORD c ) { clr = c; createPen(); } void setPenWidth( int w ) { wid = w; createPen(); } void saveBitmap( std::string path ) { BITMAPFILEHEADER fileheader; BITMAPINFO infoheader; BITMAP bitmap; DWORD wb; GetObject( bmp, sizeof( bitmap ), &bitmap ); DWORD* dwpBits = new DWORD[bitmap.bmWidth * bitmap.bmHeight]; ZeroMemory( dwpBits, bitmap.bmWidth * bitmap.bmHeight * sizeof( DWORD ) ); ZeroMemory( &infoheader, sizeof( BITMAPINFO ) ); ZeroMemory( &fileheader, sizeof( BITMAPFILEHEADER ) ); infoheader.bmiHeader.biBitCount = sizeof( DWORD ) * 8; infoheader.bmiHeader.biCompression = BI_RGB; infoheader.bmiHeader.biPlanes = 1; infoheader.bmiHeader.biSize = sizeof( infoheader.bmiHeader ); infoheader.bmiHeader.biHeight = bitmap.bmHeight; infoheader.bmiHeader.biWidth = bitmap.bmWidth; infoheader.bmiHeader.biSizeImage = bitmap.bmWidth * bitmap.bmHeight * sizeof( DWORD ); fileheader.bfType = 0x4D42; fileheader.bfOffBits = sizeof( infoheader.bmiHeader ) + sizeof( BITMAPFILEHEADER ); fileheader.bfSize = fileheader.bfOffBits + infoheader.bmiHeader.biSizeImage; GetDIBits( hdc, bmp, 0, height, ( LPVOID )dwpBits, &infoheader, DIB_RGB_COLORS ); HANDLE file = CreateFile( path.c_str(), GENERIC_WRITE, 0, NULL, CREATE_ALWAYS, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL ); WriteFile( file, &fileheader, sizeof( BITMAPFILEHEADER ), &wb, NULL ); WriteFile( file, &infoheader.bmiHeader, sizeof( infoheader.bmiHeader ), &wb, NULL ); WriteFile( file, dwpBits, bitmap.bmWidth * bitmap.bmHeight * 4, &wb, NULL ); CloseHandle( file ); delete [] dwpBits; } HDC getDC() const { return hdc; } DWORD* bits() { return ( DWORD* )pBits; } private: void createPen() { if( pen ) DeleteObject( pen ); pen = CreatePen( PS_SOLID, wid, clr ); SelectObject( hdc, pen ); } HBITMAP bmp; HDC hdc; HPEN pen; HBRUSH brush; void *pBits; int width, height, wid; DWORD clr; }; class plasma { public: plasma() { currentTime = 0; _WD = BMP_SIZE >> 1; _WV = BMP_SIZE << 1; _bmp.create( BMP_SIZE, BMP_SIZE ); _bmp.clear(); plasma1 = new BYTE[BMP_SIZE * BMP_SIZE * 4]; plasma2 = new BYTE[BMP_SIZE * BMP_SIZE * 4]; int i, j, dst = 0; double temp; for( j = 0; j < BMP_SIZE * 2; j++ ) { for( i = 0; i < BMP_SIZE * 2; i++ ) { plasma1[dst] = ( BYTE )( 128.0 + 127.0 * ( cos( ( double )hypot( BMP_SIZE - j, BMP_SIZE - i ) / 64.0 ) ) ); plasma2[dst] = ( BYTE )( ( sin( ( sqrt( 128.0 + ( BMP_SIZE - i ) * ( BMP_SIZE - i ) + ( BMP_SIZE - j ) * ( BMP_SIZE - j ) ) - 4.0 ) / 32.0 ) + 1 ) * 90.0 ); dst++; } } } void update() { DWORD dst; BYTE a, c1,c2, c3; currentTime += ( double )( rand() % 2 + 1 ); int x1 = _WD + ( int )( ( _WD - 1 ) * sin( currentTime / 137 ) ), x2 = _WD + ( int )( ( _WD - 1 ) * sin( -currentTime / 75 ) ), x3 = _WD + ( int )( ( _WD - 1 ) * sin( -currentTime / 125 ) ), y1 = _WD + ( int )( ( _WD - 1 ) * cos( currentTime / 123 ) ), y2 = _WD + ( int )( ( _WD - 1 ) * cos( -currentTime / 85 ) ), y3 = _WD + ( int )( ( _WD - 1 ) * cos( -currentTime / 108 ) ); int src1 = y1 * _WV + x1, src2 = y2 * _WV + x2, src3 = y3 * _WV + x3; DWORD* bits = _bmp.bits(); for( int j = 0; j < BMP_SIZE; j++ ) { dst = j * BMP_SIZE; for( int i= 0; i < BMP_SIZE; i++ ) { a = plasma2[src1] + plasma1[src2] + plasma2[src3]; c1 = a << 1; c2 = a << 2; c3 = a << 3; bits[dst + i] = RGB( c1, c2, c3 ); src1++; src2++; src3++; } src1 += BMP_SIZE; src2 += BMP_SIZE; src3 += BMP_SIZE; } draw(); } void setHWND( HWND hwnd ) { _hwnd = hwnd; } private: void draw() { HDC dc = _bmp.getDC(), wdc = GetDC( _hwnd ); BitBlt( wdc, 0, 0, BMP_SIZE, BMP_SIZE, dc, 0, 0, SRCCOPY ); ReleaseDC( _hwnd, wdc ); } myBitmap _bmp; HWND _hwnd; float _ang; BYTE *plasma1, *plasma2; double currentTime; int _WD, _WV; }; class wnd { public: wnd() { _inst = this; } int wnd::Run( HINSTANCE hInst ) { _hInst = hInst; _hwnd = InitAll(); SetTimer( _hwnd, MY_TIMER, 15, NULL ); _plasma.setHWND( _hwnd ); ShowWindow( _hwnd, SW_SHOW ); UpdateWindow( _hwnd ); MSG msg; ZeroMemory( &msg, sizeof( msg ) ); while( msg.message != WM_QUIT ) { if( PeekMessage( &msg, NULL, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE ) != 0 ) { TranslateMessage( &msg ); DispatchMessage( &msg ); } } return UnregisterClass( "_MY_PLASMA_", _hInst ); } private: void wnd::doPaint( HDC dc ) { _plasma.update(); } void wnd::doTimer() { _plasma.update(); } static int WINAPI wnd::WndProc( HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam ) { switch( msg ) { case WM_PAINT: { PAINTSTRUCT ps; _inst->doPaint( BeginPaint( hWnd, &ps ) ); EndPaint( hWnd, &ps ); return 0; } case WM_DESTROY: PostQuitMessage( 0 ); break; case WM_TIMER: _inst->doTimer(); break; default: return DefWindowProc( hWnd, msg, wParam, lParam ); } return 0; } HWND InitAll() { WNDCLASSEX wcex; ZeroMemory( &wcex, sizeof( wcex ) ); wcex.cbSize = sizeof( WNDCLASSEX ); wcex.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW; wcex.lpfnWndProc = ( WNDPROC )WndProc; wcex.hInstance = _hInst; wcex.hCursor = LoadCursor( NULL, IDC_ARROW ); wcex.hbrBackground = ( HBRUSH )( COLOR_WINDOW + 1 ); wcex.lpszClassName = "_MY_PLASMA_"; RegisterClassEx( &wcex ); RECT rc = { 0, 0, BMP_SIZE, BMP_SIZE }; AdjustWindowRect( &rc, WS_SYSMENU | WS_CAPTION, FALSE ); int w = rc.right - rc.left, h = rc.bottom - rc.top; return CreateWindow( "_MY_PLASMA_", ".: Plasma -- PJorente :.", WS_SYSMENU, CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, w, h, NULL, NULL, _hInst, NULL ); } static wnd* _inst; HINSTANCE _hInst; HWND _hwnd; plasma _plasma; }; wnd* wnd::_inst = 0; int APIENTRY WinMain( HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPTSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow ) { wnd myWnd; return myWnd.Run( hInstance ); }
Write a version of this Java function in C++ with identical behavior.
public class RhondaNumbers { public static void main(String[] args) { final int limit = 15; for (int base = 2; base <= 36; ++base) { if (isPrime(base)) continue; System.out.printf("First %d Rhonda numbers to base %d:\n", limit, base); int numbers[] = new int[limit]; for (int n = 1, count = 0; count < limit; ++n) { if (isRhonda(base, n)) numbers[count++] = n; } System.out.printf("In base 10:"); for (int i = 0; i < limit; ++i) System.out.printf(" %d", numbers[i]); System.out.printf("\nIn base %d:", base); for (int i = 0; i < limit; ++i) System.out.printf(" %s", Integer.toString(numbers[i], base)); System.out.printf("\n\n"); } } private static int digitProduct(int base, int n) { int product = 1; for (; n != 0; n /= base) product *= n % base; return product; } private static int primeFactorSum(int n) { int sum = 0; for (; (n & 1) == 0; n >>= 1) sum += 2; for (int p = 3; p * p <= n; p += 2) for (; n % p == 0; n /= p) sum += p; if (n > 1) sum += n; return sum; } private static boolean isPrime(int n) { if (n < 2) return false; if (n % 2 == 0) return n == 2; if (n % 3 == 0) return n == 3; for (int p = 5; p * p <= n; p += 4) { if (n % p == 0) return false; p += 2; if (n % p == 0) return false; } return true; } private static boolean isRhonda(int base, int n) { return digitProduct(base, n) == base * primeFactorSum(n); } }
#include <algorithm> #include <cassert> #include <iomanip> #include <iostream> int digit_product(int base, int n) { int product = 1; for (; n != 0; n /= base) product *= n % base; return product; } int prime_factor_sum(int n) { int sum = 0; for (; (n & 1) == 0; n >>= 1) sum += 2; for (int p = 3; p * p <= n; p += 2) for (; n % p == 0; n /= p) sum += p; if (n > 1) sum += n; return sum; } bool is_prime(int n) { if (n < 2) return false; if (n % 2 == 0) return n == 2; if (n % 3 == 0) return n == 3; for (int p = 5; p * p <= n; p += 4) { if (n % p == 0) return false; p += 2; if (n % p == 0) return false; } return true; } bool is_rhonda(int base, int n) { return digit_product(base, n) == base * prime_factor_sum(n); } std::string to_string(int base, int n) { assert(base <= 36); static constexpr char digits[] = "0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"; std::string str; for (; n != 0; n /= base) str += digits[n % base]; std::reverse(str.begin(), str.end()); return str; } int main() { const int limit = 15; for (int base = 2; base <= 36; ++base) { if (is_prime(base)) continue; std::cout << "First " << limit << " Rhonda numbers to base " << base << ":\n"; int numbers[limit]; for (int n = 1, count = 0; count < limit; ++n) { if (is_rhonda(base, n)) numbers[count++] = n; } std::cout << "In base 10:"; for (int i = 0; i < limit; ++i) std::cout << ' ' << numbers[i]; std::cout << "\nIn base " << base << ':'; for (int i = 0; i < limit; ++i) std::cout << ' ' << to_string(base, numbers[i]); std::cout << "\n\n"; } }
Port the provided Java code into C++ while preserving the original functionality.
public class HelloWorld { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("Hello world!"); } }
#include <iostream> int main() { using namespace std; cout << "Hello, World!" << endl; return 0; }
Convert this Java block to C++, preserving its control flow and logic.
public class HelloWorld { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("Hello world!"); } }
#include <iostream> int main() { using namespace std; cout << "Hello, World!" << endl; return 0; }
Can you help me rewrite this code in C++ instead of Java, keeping it the same logically?
class Point { protected int x, y; public Point() { this(0); } public Point(int x) { this(x, 0); } public Point(int x, int y) { this.x = x; this.y = y; } public Point(Point p) { this(p.x, p.y); } public int getX() { return this.x; } public int getY() { return this.y; } public void setX(int x) { this.x = x; } public void setY(int y) { this.y = y; } public void print() { System.out.println("Point x: " + this.x + " y: " + this.y); } } class Circle extends Point { private int r; public Circle(Point p) { this(p, 0); } public Circle(Point p, int r) { super(p); this.r = r; } public Circle() { this(0); } public Circle(int x) { this(x, 0); } public Circle(int x, int y) { this(x, y, 0); } public Circle(int x, int y, int r) { super(x, y); this.r = r; } public Circle(Circle c) { this(c.x, c.y, c.r); } public int getR() { return this.r; } public void setR(int r) { this.r = r; } public void print() { System.out.println("Circle x: " + this.x + " y: " + this.y + " r: " + this.r); } } public class test { public static void main(String args[]) { Point p = new Point(); Point c = new Circle(); p.print(); c.print(); } }
#include <cstdio> #include <cstdlib> class Point { protected: int x, y; public: Point(int x0 = 0, int y0 = 0) : x(x0), y(y0) {} Point(const Point &p) : x(p.x), y(p.y) {} virtual ~Point() {} const Point& operator=(const Point &p) { if (this != &p) { x = p.x; y = p.y; } return *this; } int getX() { return x; } int getY() { return y; } void setX(int x0) { x = x0; } void setY(int y0) { y = y0; } virtual void print() { printf("Point\n"); } }; class Circle: public Point { private: int r; public: Circle(Point p, int r0 = 0) : Point(p), r(r0) {} Circle(int x0 = 0, int y0 = 0, int r0 = 0) : Point(x0, y0), r(r0) {} virtual ~Circle() {} const Circle& operator=(const Circle &c) { if (this != &c) { x = c.x; y = c.y; r = c.r; } return *this; } int getR() { return r; } void setR(int r0) { r = r0; } virtual void print() { printf("Circle\n"); } }; int main() { Point *p = new Point(); Point *c = new Circle(); p->print(); c->print(); delete p; delete c; return EXIT_SUCCESS; }
Rewrite the snippet below in C++ so it works the same as the original Java code.
import java.math.BigInteger; public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { BigInteger d = new BigInteger("3"), a; int lmt = 25, sl, c = 0; for (int i = 3; i < 5808; ) { a = BigInteger.ONE.shiftLeft(i).add(BigInteger.ONE).divide(d); if (a.isProbablePrime(1)) { System.out.printf("%2d %4d ", ++c, i); String s = a.toString(); sl = s.length(); if (sl < lmt) System.out.println(a); else System.out.println(s.substring(0, 11) + ".." + s.substring(sl - 11, sl) + " " + sl + " digits"); } i = BigInteger.valueOf(i).nextProbablePrime().intValue(); } } }
#include <gmpxx.h> #include <primesieve.hpp> #include <iostream> using big_int = mpz_class; std::string to_string(const big_int& num, size_t n) { std::string str = num.get_str(); size_t len = str.size(); if (len > n) { str = str.substr(0, n / 2) + "..." + str.substr(len - n / 2); str += " ("; str += std::to_string(len); str += " digits)"; } return str; } bool is_probably_prime(const big_int& n) { return mpz_probab_prime_p(n.get_mpz_t(), 25) != 0; } int main() { const big_int one(1); primesieve::iterator pi; pi.next_prime(); for (int i = 0; i < 24;) { uint64_t p = pi.next_prime(); big_int n = ((one << p) + 1) / 3; if (is_probably_prime(n)) std::cout << ++i << ": " << p << " - " << to_string(n, 30) << '\n'; } }
Can you help me rewrite this code in C++ instead of Java, keeping it the same logically?
import java.math.BigInteger; public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { BigInteger d = new BigInteger("3"), a; int lmt = 25, sl, c = 0; for (int i = 3; i < 5808; ) { a = BigInteger.ONE.shiftLeft(i).add(BigInteger.ONE).divide(d); if (a.isProbablePrime(1)) { System.out.printf("%2d %4d ", ++c, i); String s = a.toString(); sl = s.length(); if (sl < lmt) System.out.println(a); else System.out.println(s.substring(0, 11) + ".." + s.substring(sl - 11, sl) + " " + sl + " digits"); } i = BigInteger.valueOf(i).nextProbablePrime().intValue(); } } }
#include <gmpxx.h> #include <primesieve.hpp> #include <iostream> using big_int = mpz_class; std::string to_string(const big_int& num, size_t n) { std::string str = num.get_str(); size_t len = str.size(); if (len > n) { str = str.substr(0, n / 2) + "..." + str.substr(len - n / 2); str += " ("; str += std::to_string(len); str += " digits)"; } return str; } bool is_probably_prime(const big_int& n) { return mpz_probab_prime_p(n.get_mpz_t(), 25) != 0; } int main() { const big_int one(1); primesieve::iterator pi; pi.next_prime(); for (int i = 0; i < 24;) { uint64_t p = pi.next_prime(); big_int n = ((one << p) + 1) / 3; if (is_probably_prime(n)) std::cout << ++i << ": " << p << " - " << to_string(n, 30) << '\n'; } }
Translate the given Java code snippet into C++ without altering its behavior.
import java.util.Collections; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; public class ImmutableMap { public static void main(String[] args) { Map<String,Integer> hashMap = getImmutableMap(); try { hashMap.put("Test", 23); } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) { System.out.println("ERROR: Unable to put new value."); } try { hashMap.clear(); } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) { System.out.println("ERROR: Unable to clear map."); } try { hashMap.putIfAbsent("Test", 23); } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) { System.out.println("ERROR: Unable to put if absent."); } for ( String key : hashMap.keySet() ) { System.out.printf("key = %s, value = %s%n", key, hashMap.get(key)); } } private static Map<String,Integer> getImmutableMap() { Map<String,Integer> hashMap = new HashMap<>(); hashMap.put("Key 1", 34); hashMap.put("Key 2", 105); hashMap.put("Key 3", 144); return Collections.unmodifiableMap(hashMap); } }
#include <iostream> #include <map> #include <utility> using namespace std; template<typename T> class FixedMap : private T { T m_defaultValues; public: FixedMap(T map) : T(map), m_defaultValues(move(map)){} using T::cbegin; using T::cend; using T::empty; using T::find; using T::size; using T::at; using T::begin; using T::end; auto& operator[](typename T::key_type&& key) { return this->at(forward<typename T::key_type>(key)); } void erase(typename T::key_type&& key) { T::operator[](key) = m_defaultValues.at(key); } void clear() { T::operator=(m_defaultValues); } }; auto PrintMap = [](const auto &map) { for(auto &[key, value] : map) { cout << "{" << key << " : " << value << "} "; } cout << "\n\n"; }; int main(void) { cout << "Map intialized with values\n"; FixedMap<map<string, int>> fixedMap ({ {"a", 1}, {"b", 2}}); PrintMap(fixedMap); cout << "Change the values of the keys\n"; fixedMap["a"] = 55; fixedMap["b"] = 56; PrintMap(fixedMap); cout << "Reset the 'a' key\n"; fixedMap.erase("a"); PrintMap(fixedMap); cout << "Change the values the again\n"; fixedMap["a"] = 88; fixedMap["b"] = 99; PrintMap(fixedMap); cout << "Reset all keys\n"; fixedMap.clear(); PrintMap(fixedMap); try { cout << "Try to add a new key\n"; fixedMap["newKey"] = 99; } catch (exception &ex) { cout << "error: " << ex.what(); } }
Convert this Java block to C++, preserving its control flow and logic.
public class MainApp { public static void main(String[] args) { int countOfPrimes = 0; final int targetCountOfPrimes = 10; long f = 1; while (countOfPrimes < targetCountOfPrimes) { long factorialNum = getFactorial(f); boolean primePlus = isPrime(factorialNum + 1); boolean primeMinus = isPrime(factorialNum - 1); if (primeMinus) { countOfPrimes++; System.out.println(countOfPrimes + ": " + factorialNum + "! - 1 = " + (factorialNum - 1)); } if (primePlus && f > 1) { countOfPrimes++; System.out.println(countOfPrimes + ": " + factorialNum + "! + 1 = " + (factorialNum + 1)); } f++; } } private static long getFactorial(long f) { long factorial = 1; for (long i = 1; i < f; i++) { factorial *= i; } return factorial; } private static boolean isPrime(long num) { if (num < 2) {return false;} for (long i = 2; i < num; i++) { if (num % i == 0) {return false;} } return true; } }
#include <iomanip> #include <iostream> #include <gmpxx.h> using big_int = mpz_class; std::string to_string(const big_int& num, size_t n) { std::string str = num.get_str(); size_t len = str.size(); if (len > n) { str = str.substr(0, n / 2) + "..." + str.substr(len - n / 2); str += " ("; str += std::to_string(len); str += " digits)"; } return str; } bool is_probably_prime(const big_int& n) { return mpz_probab_prime_p(n.get_mpz_t(), 25) != 0; } int main() { big_int f = 1; for (int i = 0, n = 1; i < 31; ++n) { f *= n; if (is_probably_prime(f - 1)) { ++i; std::cout << std::setw(2) << i << ": " << std::setw(3) << n << "! - 1 = " << to_string(f - 1, 40) << '\n'; } if (is_probably_prime(f + 1)) { ++i; std::cout << std::setw(2) << i << ": " << std::setw(3) << n << "! + 1 = " << to_string(f + 1, 40) << '\n'; } } }
Transform the following Java implementation into C++, maintaining the same output and logic.
import java.util.Stack; public class ArithmeticEvaluation { public interface Expression { BigRational eval(); } public enum Parentheses {LEFT} public enum BinaryOperator { ADD('+', 1), SUB('-', 1), MUL('*', 2), DIV('/', 2); public final char symbol; public final int precedence; BinaryOperator(char symbol, int precedence) { this.symbol = symbol; this.precedence = precedence; } public BigRational eval(BigRational leftValue, BigRational rightValue) { switch (this) { case ADD: return leftValue.add(rightValue); case SUB: return leftValue.subtract(rightValue); case MUL: return leftValue.multiply(rightValue); case DIV: return leftValue.divide(rightValue); } throw new IllegalStateException(); } public static BinaryOperator forSymbol(char symbol) { for (BinaryOperator operator : values()) { if (operator.symbol == symbol) { return operator; } } throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.valueOf(symbol)); } } public static class Number implements Expression { private final BigRational number; public Number(BigRational number) { this.number = number; } @Override public BigRational eval() { return number; } @Override public String toString() { return number.toString(); } } public static class BinaryExpression implements Expression { public final Expression leftOperand; public final BinaryOperator operator; public final Expression rightOperand; public BinaryExpression(Expression leftOperand, BinaryOperator operator, Expression rightOperand) { this.leftOperand = leftOperand; this.operator = operator; this.rightOperand = rightOperand; } @Override public BigRational eval() { BigRational leftValue = leftOperand.eval(); BigRational rightValue = rightOperand.eval(); return operator.eval(leftValue, rightValue); } @Override public String toString() { return "(" + leftOperand + " " + operator.symbol + " " + rightOperand + ")"; } } private static void createNewOperand(BinaryOperator operator, Stack<Expression> operands) { Expression rightOperand = operands.pop(); Expression leftOperand = operands.pop(); operands.push(new BinaryExpression(leftOperand, operator, rightOperand)); } public static Expression parse(String input) { int curIndex = 0; boolean afterOperand = false; Stack<Expression> operands = new Stack<>(); Stack<Object> operators = new Stack<>(); while (curIndex < input.length()) { int startIndex = curIndex; char c = input.charAt(curIndex++); if (Character.isWhitespace(c)) continue; if (afterOperand) { if (c == ')') { Object operator; while (!operators.isEmpty() && ((operator = operators.pop()) != Parentheses.LEFT)) createNewOperand((BinaryOperator) operator, operands); continue; } afterOperand = false; BinaryOperator operator = BinaryOperator.forSymbol(c); while (!operators.isEmpty() && (operators.peek() != Parentheses.LEFT) && (((BinaryOperator) operators.peek()).precedence >= operator.precedence)) createNewOperand((BinaryOperator) operators.pop(), operands); operators.push(operator); continue; } if (c == '(') { operators.push(Parentheses.LEFT); continue; } afterOperand = true; while (curIndex < input.length()) { c = input.charAt(curIndex); if (((c < '0') || (c > '9')) && (c != '.')) break; curIndex++; } operands.push(new Number(BigRational.valueOf(input.substring(startIndex, curIndex)))); } while (!operators.isEmpty()) { Object operator = operators.pop(); if (operator == Parentheses.LEFT) throw new IllegalArgumentException(); createNewOperand((BinaryOperator) operator, operands); } Expression expression = operands.pop(); if (!operands.isEmpty()) throw new IllegalArgumentException(); return expression; } public static void main(String[] args) { String[] testExpressions = { "2+3", "2+3/4", "2*3-4", "2*(3+4)+5/6", "2 * (3 + (4 * 5 + (6 * 7) * 8) - 9) * 10", "2*-3--4+-.25"}; for (String testExpression : testExpressions) { Expression expression = parse(testExpression); System.out.printf("Input: \"%s\", AST: \"%s\", value=%s%n", testExpression, expression, expression.eval()); } } }
#include <boost/spirit.hpp> #include <boost/spirit/tree/ast.hpp> #include <string> #include <cassert> #include <iostream> #include <istream> #include <ostream> using boost::spirit::rule; using boost::spirit::parser_tag; using boost::spirit::ch_p; using boost::spirit::real_p; using boost::spirit::tree_node; using boost::spirit::node_val_data; struct parser: public boost::spirit::grammar<parser> { enum rule_ids { addsub_id, multdiv_id, value_id, real_id }; struct set_value { set_value(parser const& p): self(p) {} void operator()(tree_node<node_val_data<std::string::iterator, double> >& node, std::string::iterator begin, std::string::iterator end) const { node.value.value(self.tmp); } parser const& self; }; mutable double tmp; template<typename Scanner> struct definition { rule<Scanner, parser_tag<addsub_id> > addsub; rule<Scanner, parser_tag<multdiv_id> > multdiv; rule<Scanner, parser_tag<value_id> > value; rule<Scanner, parser_tag<real_id> > real; definition(parser const& self) { using namespace boost::spirit; addsub = multdiv >> *((root_node_d[ch_p('+')] | root_node_d[ch_p('-')]) >> multdiv); multdiv = value >> *((root_node_d[ch_p('*')] | root_node_d[ch_p('/')]) >> value); value = real | inner_node_d[('(' >> addsub >> ')')]; real = leaf_node_d[access_node_d[real_p[assign_a(self.tmp)]][set_value(self)]]; } rule<Scanner, parser_tag<addsub_id> > const& start() const { return addsub; } }; }; template<typename TreeIter> double evaluate(TreeIter const& i) { double op1, op2; switch (i->value.id().to_long()) { case parser::real_id: return i->value.value(); case parser::value_id: case parser::addsub_id: case parser::multdiv_id: op1 = evaluate(i->children.begin()); op2 = evaluate(i->children.begin()+1); switch(*i->value.begin()) { case '+': return op1 + op2; case '-': return op1 - op2; case '*': return op1 * op2; case '/': return op1 / op2; default: assert(!"Should not happen"); } default: assert(!"Should not happen"); } return 0; } int main() { parser eval; std::string line; while (std::cout << "Expression: " && std::getline(std::cin, line) && !line.empty()) { typedef boost::spirit::node_val_data_factory<double> factory_t; boost::spirit::tree_parse_info<std::string::iterator, factory_t> info = boost::spirit::ast_parse<factory_t>(line.begin(), line.end(), eval, boost::spirit::space_p); if (info.full) { std::cout << "Result: " << evaluate(info.trees.begin()) << std::endl; } else { std::cout << "Error in expression." << std::endl; } } };
Please provide an equivalent version of this Java code in C++.
import java.util.Stack; public class ArithmeticEvaluation { public interface Expression { BigRational eval(); } public enum Parentheses {LEFT} public enum BinaryOperator { ADD('+', 1), SUB('-', 1), MUL('*', 2), DIV('/', 2); public final char symbol; public final int precedence; BinaryOperator(char symbol, int precedence) { this.symbol = symbol; this.precedence = precedence; } public BigRational eval(BigRational leftValue, BigRational rightValue) { switch (this) { case ADD: return leftValue.add(rightValue); case SUB: return leftValue.subtract(rightValue); case MUL: return leftValue.multiply(rightValue); case DIV: return leftValue.divide(rightValue); } throw new IllegalStateException(); } public static BinaryOperator forSymbol(char symbol) { for (BinaryOperator operator : values()) { if (operator.symbol == symbol) { return operator; } } throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.valueOf(symbol)); } } public static class Number implements Expression { private final BigRational number; public Number(BigRational number) { this.number = number; } @Override public BigRational eval() { return number; } @Override public String toString() { return number.toString(); } } public static class BinaryExpression implements Expression { public final Expression leftOperand; public final BinaryOperator operator; public final Expression rightOperand; public BinaryExpression(Expression leftOperand, BinaryOperator operator, Expression rightOperand) { this.leftOperand = leftOperand; this.operator = operator; this.rightOperand = rightOperand; } @Override public BigRational eval() { BigRational leftValue = leftOperand.eval(); BigRational rightValue = rightOperand.eval(); return operator.eval(leftValue, rightValue); } @Override public String toString() { return "(" + leftOperand + " " + operator.symbol + " " + rightOperand + ")"; } } private static void createNewOperand(BinaryOperator operator, Stack<Expression> operands) { Expression rightOperand = operands.pop(); Expression leftOperand = operands.pop(); operands.push(new BinaryExpression(leftOperand, operator, rightOperand)); } public static Expression parse(String input) { int curIndex = 0; boolean afterOperand = false; Stack<Expression> operands = new Stack<>(); Stack<Object> operators = new Stack<>(); while (curIndex < input.length()) { int startIndex = curIndex; char c = input.charAt(curIndex++); if (Character.isWhitespace(c)) continue; if (afterOperand) { if (c == ')') { Object operator; while (!operators.isEmpty() && ((operator = operators.pop()) != Parentheses.LEFT)) createNewOperand((BinaryOperator) operator, operands); continue; } afterOperand = false; BinaryOperator operator = BinaryOperator.forSymbol(c); while (!operators.isEmpty() && (operators.peek() != Parentheses.LEFT) && (((BinaryOperator) operators.peek()).precedence >= operator.precedence)) createNewOperand((BinaryOperator) operators.pop(), operands); operators.push(operator); continue; } if (c == '(') { operators.push(Parentheses.LEFT); continue; } afterOperand = true; while (curIndex < input.length()) { c = input.charAt(curIndex); if (((c < '0') || (c > '9')) && (c != '.')) break; curIndex++; } operands.push(new Number(BigRational.valueOf(input.substring(startIndex, curIndex)))); } while (!operators.isEmpty()) { Object operator = operators.pop(); if (operator == Parentheses.LEFT) throw new IllegalArgumentException(); createNewOperand((BinaryOperator) operator, operands); } Expression expression = operands.pop(); if (!operands.isEmpty()) throw new IllegalArgumentException(); return expression; } public static void main(String[] args) { String[] testExpressions = { "2+3", "2+3/4", "2*3-4", "2*(3+4)+5/6", "2 * (3 + (4 * 5 + (6 * 7) * 8) - 9) * 10", "2*-3--4+-.25"}; for (String testExpression : testExpressions) { Expression expression = parse(testExpression); System.out.printf("Input: \"%s\", AST: \"%s\", value=%s%n", testExpression, expression, expression.eval()); } } }
#include <boost/spirit.hpp> #include <boost/spirit/tree/ast.hpp> #include <string> #include <cassert> #include <iostream> #include <istream> #include <ostream> using boost::spirit::rule; using boost::spirit::parser_tag; using boost::spirit::ch_p; using boost::spirit::real_p; using boost::spirit::tree_node; using boost::spirit::node_val_data; struct parser: public boost::spirit::grammar<parser> { enum rule_ids { addsub_id, multdiv_id, value_id, real_id }; struct set_value { set_value(parser const& p): self(p) {} void operator()(tree_node<node_val_data<std::string::iterator, double> >& node, std::string::iterator begin, std::string::iterator end) const { node.value.value(self.tmp); } parser const& self; }; mutable double tmp; template<typename Scanner> struct definition { rule<Scanner, parser_tag<addsub_id> > addsub; rule<Scanner, parser_tag<multdiv_id> > multdiv; rule<Scanner, parser_tag<value_id> > value; rule<Scanner, parser_tag<real_id> > real; definition(parser const& self) { using namespace boost::spirit; addsub = multdiv >> *((root_node_d[ch_p('+')] | root_node_d[ch_p('-')]) >> multdiv); multdiv = value >> *((root_node_d[ch_p('*')] | root_node_d[ch_p('/')]) >> value); value = real | inner_node_d[('(' >> addsub >> ')')]; real = leaf_node_d[access_node_d[real_p[assign_a(self.tmp)]][set_value(self)]]; } rule<Scanner, parser_tag<addsub_id> > const& start() const { return addsub; } }; }; template<typename TreeIter> double evaluate(TreeIter const& i) { double op1, op2; switch (i->value.id().to_long()) { case parser::real_id: return i->value.value(); case parser::value_id: case parser::addsub_id: case parser::multdiv_id: op1 = evaluate(i->children.begin()); op2 = evaluate(i->children.begin()+1); switch(*i->value.begin()) { case '+': return op1 + op2; case '-': return op1 - op2; case '*': return op1 * op2; case '/': return op1 / op2; default: assert(!"Should not happen"); } default: assert(!"Should not happen"); } return 0; } int main() { parser eval; std::string line; while (std::cout << "Expression: " && std::getline(std::cin, line) && !line.empty()) { typedef boost::spirit::node_val_data_factory<double> factory_t; boost::spirit::tree_parse_info<std::string::iterator, factory_t> info = boost::spirit::ast_parse<factory_t>(line.begin(), line.end(), eval, boost::spirit::space_p); if (info.full) { std::cout << "Result: " << evaluate(info.trees.begin()) << std::endl; } else { std::cout << "Error in expression." << std::endl; } } };
Please provide an equivalent version of this Java code in C++.
import java.util.Stack; public class ArithmeticEvaluation { public interface Expression { BigRational eval(); } public enum Parentheses {LEFT} public enum BinaryOperator { ADD('+', 1), SUB('-', 1), MUL('*', 2), DIV('/', 2); public final char symbol; public final int precedence; BinaryOperator(char symbol, int precedence) { this.symbol = symbol; this.precedence = precedence; } public BigRational eval(BigRational leftValue, BigRational rightValue) { switch (this) { case ADD: return leftValue.add(rightValue); case SUB: return leftValue.subtract(rightValue); case MUL: return leftValue.multiply(rightValue); case DIV: return leftValue.divide(rightValue); } throw new IllegalStateException(); } public static BinaryOperator forSymbol(char symbol) { for (BinaryOperator operator : values()) { if (operator.symbol == symbol) { return operator; } } throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.valueOf(symbol)); } } public static class Number implements Expression { private final BigRational number; public Number(BigRational number) { this.number = number; } @Override public BigRational eval() { return number; } @Override public String toString() { return number.toString(); } } public static class BinaryExpression implements Expression { public final Expression leftOperand; public final BinaryOperator operator; public final Expression rightOperand; public BinaryExpression(Expression leftOperand, BinaryOperator operator, Expression rightOperand) { this.leftOperand = leftOperand; this.operator = operator; this.rightOperand = rightOperand; } @Override public BigRational eval() { BigRational leftValue = leftOperand.eval(); BigRational rightValue = rightOperand.eval(); return operator.eval(leftValue, rightValue); } @Override public String toString() { return "(" + leftOperand + " " + operator.symbol + " " + rightOperand + ")"; } } private static void createNewOperand(BinaryOperator operator, Stack<Expression> operands) { Expression rightOperand = operands.pop(); Expression leftOperand = operands.pop(); operands.push(new BinaryExpression(leftOperand, operator, rightOperand)); } public static Expression parse(String input) { int curIndex = 0; boolean afterOperand = false; Stack<Expression> operands = new Stack<>(); Stack<Object> operators = new Stack<>(); while (curIndex < input.length()) { int startIndex = curIndex; char c = input.charAt(curIndex++); if (Character.isWhitespace(c)) continue; if (afterOperand) { if (c == ')') { Object operator; while (!operators.isEmpty() && ((operator = operators.pop()) != Parentheses.LEFT)) createNewOperand((BinaryOperator) operator, operands); continue; } afterOperand = false; BinaryOperator operator = BinaryOperator.forSymbol(c); while (!operators.isEmpty() && (operators.peek() != Parentheses.LEFT) && (((BinaryOperator) operators.peek()).precedence >= operator.precedence)) createNewOperand((BinaryOperator) operators.pop(), operands); operators.push(operator); continue; } if (c == '(') { operators.push(Parentheses.LEFT); continue; } afterOperand = true; while (curIndex < input.length()) { c = input.charAt(curIndex); if (((c < '0') || (c > '9')) && (c != '.')) break; curIndex++; } operands.push(new Number(BigRational.valueOf(input.substring(startIndex, curIndex)))); } while (!operators.isEmpty()) { Object operator = operators.pop(); if (operator == Parentheses.LEFT) throw new IllegalArgumentException(); createNewOperand((BinaryOperator) operator, operands); } Expression expression = operands.pop(); if (!operands.isEmpty()) throw new IllegalArgumentException(); return expression; } public static void main(String[] args) { String[] testExpressions = { "2+3", "2+3/4", "2*3-4", "2*(3+4)+5/6", "2 * (3 + (4 * 5 + (6 * 7) * 8) - 9) * 10", "2*-3--4+-.25"}; for (String testExpression : testExpressions) { Expression expression = parse(testExpression); System.out.printf("Input: \"%s\", AST: \"%s\", value=%s%n", testExpression, expression, expression.eval()); } } }
#include <boost/spirit.hpp> #include <boost/spirit/tree/ast.hpp> #include <string> #include <cassert> #include <iostream> #include <istream> #include <ostream> using boost::spirit::rule; using boost::spirit::parser_tag; using boost::spirit::ch_p; using boost::spirit::real_p; using boost::spirit::tree_node; using boost::spirit::node_val_data; struct parser: public boost::spirit::grammar<parser> { enum rule_ids { addsub_id, multdiv_id, value_id, real_id }; struct set_value { set_value(parser const& p): self(p) {} void operator()(tree_node<node_val_data<std::string::iterator, double> >& node, std::string::iterator begin, std::string::iterator end) const { node.value.value(self.tmp); } parser const& self; }; mutable double tmp; template<typename Scanner> struct definition { rule<Scanner, parser_tag<addsub_id> > addsub; rule<Scanner, parser_tag<multdiv_id> > multdiv; rule<Scanner, parser_tag<value_id> > value; rule<Scanner, parser_tag<real_id> > real; definition(parser const& self) { using namespace boost::spirit; addsub = multdiv >> *((root_node_d[ch_p('+')] | root_node_d[ch_p('-')]) >> multdiv); multdiv = value >> *((root_node_d[ch_p('*')] | root_node_d[ch_p('/')]) >> value); value = real | inner_node_d[('(' >> addsub >> ')')]; real = leaf_node_d[access_node_d[real_p[assign_a(self.tmp)]][set_value(self)]]; } rule<Scanner, parser_tag<addsub_id> > const& start() const { return addsub; } }; }; template<typename TreeIter> double evaluate(TreeIter const& i) { double op1, op2; switch (i->value.id().to_long()) { case parser::real_id: return i->value.value(); case parser::value_id: case parser::addsub_id: case parser::multdiv_id: op1 = evaluate(i->children.begin()); op2 = evaluate(i->children.begin()+1); switch(*i->value.begin()) { case '+': return op1 + op2; case '-': return op1 - op2; case '*': return op1 * op2; case '/': return op1 / op2; default: assert(!"Should not happen"); } default: assert(!"Should not happen"); } return 0; } int main() { parser eval; std::string line; while (std::cout << "Expression: " && std::getline(std::cin, line) && !line.empty()) { typedef boost::spirit::node_val_data_factory<double> factory_t; boost::spirit::tree_parse_info<std::string::iterator, factory_t> info = boost::spirit::ast_parse<factory_t>(line.begin(), line.end(), eval, boost::spirit::space_p); if (info.full) { std::cout << "Result: " << evaluate(info.trees.begin()) << std::endl; } else { std::cout << "Error in expression." << std::endl; } } };
Write a version of this Java function in C++ with identical behavior.
import java.util.Arrays; public class SpecialVariables { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println(Arrays.toString(args)); System.out.println(SpecialVariables.class); System.out.println(System.getenv()); System.out.println(System.getProperties()); System.out.println(Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors()); } }
#include <iostream> struct SpecialVariables { int i = 0; SpecialVariables& operator++() { this->i++; return *this; } }; int main() { SpecialVariables sv; auto sv2 = ++sv; std::cout << " sv :" << sv.i << "\n sv2:" << sv2.i << "\n"; }
Write the same code in C++ as shown below in Java.
import java.util.Arrays; public class SpecialVariables { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println(Arrays.toString(args)); System.out.println(SpecialVariables.class); System.out.println(System.getenv()); System.out.println(System.getProperties()); System.out.println(Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors()); } }
#include <iostream> struct SpecialVariables { int i = 0; SpecialVariables& operator++() { this->i++; return *this; } }; int main() { SpecialVariables sv; auto sv2 = ++sv; std::cout << " sv :" << sv.i << "\n sv2:" << sv2.i << "\n"; }
Produce a language-to-language conversion: from Java to C++, same semantics.
import java.io.File; import java.nio.file.Files; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Arrays; public class Copypasta { public static void fatal_error(String errtext) { StackTraceElement[] stack = Thread.currentThread().getStackTrace(); StackTraceElement main = stack[stack.length - 1]; String mainClass = main.getClassName(); System.out.println("%" + errtext); System.out.println("usage: " + mainClass + " [filename.cp]"); System.exit(1); } public static void main(String[] args) { String fname = null; String source = null; try { fname = args[0]; source = new String(Files.readAllBytes(new File(fname).toPath())); } catch(Exception e) { fatal_error("error while trying to read from specified file"); } ArrayList<String> lines = new ArrayList<String>(Arrays.asList(source.split("\n"))); String clipboard = ""; int loc = 0; while(loc < lines.size()) { String command = lines.get(loc).trim(); try { if(command.equals("Copy")) clipboard += lines.get(loc + 1); else if(command.equals("CopyFile")) { if(lines.get(loc + 1).equals("TheF*ckingCode")) clipboard += source; else { String filetext = new String(Files.readAllBytes(new File(lines.get(loc + 1)).toPath())); clipboard += filetext; } } else if(command.equals("Duplicate")) { String origClipboard = clipboard; int amount = Integer.parseInt(lines.get(loc + 1)) - 1; for(int i = 0; i < amount; i++) clipboard += origClipboard; } else if(command.equals("Pasta!")) { System.out.println(clipboard); System.exit(0); } else fatal_error("unknown command '" + command + "' encountered on line " + new Integer(loc + 1).toString()); } catch(Exception e) { fatal_error("error while executing command '" + command + "' on line " + new Integer(loc + 1).toString()); } loc += 2; } } }
#include <fstream> #include <iostream> #include <sstream> #include <streambuf> #include <string> #include <stdlib.h> using namespace std; void fatal_error(string errtext, char *argv[]) { cout << "%" << errtext << endl; cout << "usage: " << argv[0] << " [filename.cp]" << endl; exit(1); } string& ltrim(string& str, const string& chars = "\t\n\v\f\r ") { str.erase(0, str.find_first_not_of(chars)); return str; } string& rtrim(string& str, const string& chars = "\t\n\v\f\r ") { str.erase(str.find_last_not_of(chars) + 1); return str; } string& trim(string& str, const string& chars = "\t\n\v\f\r ") { return ltrim(rtrim(str, chars), chars); } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { string fname = ""; string source = ""; try { fname = argv[1]; ifstream t(fname); t.seekg(0, ios::end); source.reserve(t.tellg()); t.seekg(0, ios::beg); source.assign((istreambuf_iterator<char>(t)), istreambuf_iterator<char>()); } catch(const exception& e) { fatal_error("error while trying to read from specified file", argv); } string clipboard = ""; int loc = 0; string remaining = source; string line = ""; string command = ""; stringstream ss; while(remaining.find("\n") != string::npos) { line = remaining.substr(0, remaining.find("\n")); command = trim(line); remaining = remaining.substr(remaining.find("\n") + 1); try { if(line == "Copy") { line = remaining.substr(0, remaining.find("\n")); remaining = remaining.substr(remaining.find("\n") + 1); clipboard += line; } else if(line == "CopyFile") { line = remaining.substr(0, remaining.find("\n")); remaining = remaining.substr(remaining.find("\n") + 1); if(line == "TheF*ckingCode") clipboard += source; else { string filetext = ""; ifstream t(line); t.seekg(0, ios::end); filetext.reserve(t.tellg()); t.seekg(0, ios::beg); filetext.assign((istreambuf_iterator<char>(t)), istreambuf_iterator<char>()); clipboard += filetext; } } else if(line == "Duplicate") { line = remaining.substr(0, remaining.find("\n")); remaining = remaining.substr(remaining.find("\n") + 1); int amount = stoi(line); string origClipboard = clipboard; for(int i = 0; i < amount - 1; i++) { clipboard += origClipboard; } } else if(line == "Pasta!") { cout << clipboard << endl; return 0; } else { ss << (loc + 1); fatal_error("unknown command '" + command + "' encounter on line " + ss.str(), argv); } } catch(const exception& e) { ss << (loc + 1); fatal_error("error while executing command '" + command + "' on line " + ss.str(), argv); } loc += 2; } return 0; }
Produce a functionally identical C++ code for the snippet given in Java.
import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.List; import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger; import java.util.function.BiConsumer; import java.util.function.IntConsumer; import java.util.stream.Collectors; public class Kosaraju { static class Recursive<I> { I func; } private static List<Integer> kosaraju(List<List<Integer>> g) { int size = g.size(); boolean[] vis = new boolean[size]; int[] l = new int[size]; AtomicInteger x = new AtomicInteger(size); List<List<Integer>> t = new ArrayList<>(); for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) { t.add(new ArrayList<>()); } Recursive<IntConsumer> visit = new Recursive<>(); visit.func = (int u) -> { if (!vis[u]) { vis[u] = true; for (Integer v : g.get(u)) { visit.func.accept(v); t.get(v).add(u); } int xval = x.decrementAndGet(); l[xval] = u; } }; for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) { visit.func.accept(i); } int[] c = new int[size]; Recursive<BiConsumer<Integer, Integer>> assign = new Recursive<>(); assign.func = (Integer u, Integer root) -> { if (vis[u]) { vis[u] = false; c[u] = root; for (Integer v : t.get(u)) { assign.func.accept(v, root); } } }; for (int u : l) { assign.func.accept(u, u); } return Arrays.stream(c).boxed().collect(Collectors.toList()); } public static void main(String[] args) { List<List<Integer>> g = new ArrayList<>(); for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i) { g.add(new ArrayList<>()); } g.get(0).add(1); g.get(1).add(2); g.get(2).add(0); g.get(3).add(1); g.get(3).add(2); g.get(3).add(4); g.get(4).add(3); g.get(4).add(5); g.get(5).add(2); g.get(5).add(6); g.get(6).add(5); g.get(7).add(4); g.get(7).add(6); g.get(7).add(7); List<Integer> output = kosaraju(g); System.out.println(output); } }
#include <functional> #include <iostream> #include <ostream> #include <vector> template<typename T> std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const std::vector<T>& v) { auto it = v.cbegin(); auto end = v.cend(); os << "["; if (it != end) { os << *it; it = std::next(it); } while (it != end) { os << ", " << *it; it = std::next(it); } return os << "]"; } std::vector<int> kosaraju(std::vector<std::vector<int>>& g) { auto size = g.size(); std::vector<bool> vis(size); std::vector<int> l(size); auto x = size; std::vector<std::vector<int>> t(size); std::function<void(int)> visit; visit = [&](int u) { if (!vis[u]) { vis[u] = true; for (auto v : g[u]) { visit(v); t[v].push_back(u); } l[--x] = u; } }; for (int i = 0; i < g.size(); ++i) { visit(i); } std::vector<int> c(size); std::function<void(int, int)> assign; assign = [&](int u, int root) { if (vis[u]) { vis[u] = false; c[u] = root; for (auto v : t[u]) { assign(v, root); } } }; for (auto u : l) { assign(u, u); } return c; } std::vector<std::vector<int>> g = { {1}, {2}, {0}, {1, 2, 4}, {3, 5}, {2, 6}, {5}, {4, 6, 7}, }; int main() { using namespace std; cout << kosaraju(g) << endl; return 0; }
Change the following Java code into C++ without altering its purpose.
& | ^ ~ >> << >>> + - * / = %
std::cout << "Tür\n"; std::cout << "T\u00FC\n";
Port the provided Java code into C++ while preserving the original functionality.
& | ^ ~ >> << >>> + - * / = %
std::cout << "Tür\n"; std::cout << "T\u00FC\n";
Convert this Go snippet to C# and keep its semantics consistent.
package main import "fmt" func main() { for i := 1; i <= 10; i++ { fmt.Printf("%d", i) if i%5 == 0 { fmt.Printf("\n") continue } fmt.Printf(", ") } }
using System; class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) { Console.Write(i); if (i % 5 == 0) { Console.WriteLine(); continue; } Console.Write(", "); } } }
Translate this program into C# but keep the logic exactly as in Go.
package main import ( "fmt" ) const numbers = 3 func main() { max := 20 words := map[int]string{ 3: "Fizz", 5: "Buzz", 7: "Baxx", } keys := []int{3, 5, 7} divisible := false for i := 1; i <= max; i++ { for _, n := range keys { if i % n == 0 { fmt.Print(words[n]) divisible = true } } if !divisible { fmt.Print(i) } fmt.Println() divisible = false } }
using System; public class GeneralFizzBuzz { public static void Main() { int i; int j; int k; int limit; string iString; string jString; string kString; Console.WriteLine("First integer:"); i = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine()); Console.WriteLine("First string:"); iString = Console.ReadLine(); Console.WriteLine("Second integer:"); j = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine()); Console.WriteLine("Second string:"); jString = Console.ReadLine(); Console.WriteLine("Third integer:"); k = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine()); Console.WriteLine("Third string:"); kString = Console.ReadLine(); Console.WriteLine("Limit (inclusive):"); limit = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine()); for(int n = 1; n<= limit; n++) { bool flag = true; if(n%i == 0) { Console.Write(iString); flag = false; } if(n%j == 0) { Console.Write(jString); flag = false; } if(n%k == 0) { Console.Write(kString); flag = false; } if(flag) Console.Write(n); Console.WriteLine(); } } }
Port the provided Go code into C# while preserving the original functionality.
package main import ( "log" "math/rand" "sync" "time" ) func worker(part string) { log.Println(part, "worker begins part") time.Sleep(time.Duration(rand.Int63n(1e6))) log.Println(part, "worker completes part") wg.Done() } var ( partList = []string{"A", "B", "C", "D"} nAssemblies = 3 wg sync.WaitGroup ) func main() { rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano()) for c := 1; c <= nAssemblies; c++ { log.Println("begin assembly cycle", c) wg.Add(len(partList)) for _, part := range partList { go worker(part) } wg.Wait() log.Println("assemble. cycle", c, "complete") } }
using System; using System.Linq; using System.Threading; using System.Threading.Tasks; namespace Rosetta.CheckPointSync; public class Program { public async Task Main() { RobotBuilder robotBuilder = new RobotBuilder(); Task work = robotBuilder.BuildRobots( "Optimus Prime", "R. Giskard Reventlov", "Data", "Marvin", "Bender", "Number Six", "C3-PO", "Dolores"); await work; } public class RobotBuilder { static readonly string[] parts = { "Head", "Torso", "Left arm", "Right arm", "Left leg", "Right leg" }; static readonly Random rng = new Random(); static readonly object key = new object(); public Task BuildRobots(params string[] robots) { int r = 0; Barrier checkpoint = new Barrier(parts.Length, b => { Console.WriteLine($"{robots[r]} assembled. Hello, {robots[r]}!"); Console.WriteLine(); r++; }); var tasks = parts.Select(part => BuildPart(checkpoint, part, robots)).ToArray(); return Task.WhenAll(tasks); } private static int GetTime() { lock (key) { return rng.Next(100, 1000); } } private async Task BuildPart(Barrier barrier, string part, string[] robots) { foreach (var robot in robots) { int time = GetTime(); Console.WriteLine($"Constructing {part} for {robot}. This will take {time}ms."); await Task.Delay(time); Console.WriteLine($"{part} for {robot} finished."); barrier.SignalAndWait(); } } } }
Convert the following code from Go to C#, ensuring the logic remains intact.
package main import ( "fmt" "encoding/binary" ) func main() { buf := make([]byte, binary.MaxVarintLen64) for _, x := range []int64{0x200000, 0x1fffff} { v := buf[:binary.PutVarint(buf, x)] fmt.Printf("%d encodes into %d bytes: %x\n", x, len(v), v) x, _ = binary.Varint(v) fmt.Println(x, "decoded") } }
namespace Vlq { using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; public static class VarLenQuantity { public static ulong ToVlq(ulong integer) { var array = new byte[8]; var buffer = ToVlqCollection(integer) .SkipWhile(b => b == 0) .Reverse() .ToArray(); Array.Copy(buffer, array, buffer.Length); return BitConverter.ToUInt64(array, 0); } public static ulong FromVlq(ulong integer) { var collection = BitConverter.GetBytes(integer).Reverse(); return FromVlqCollection(collection); } public static IEnumerable<byte> ToVlqCollection(ulong integer) { if (integer > Math.Pow(2, 56)) throw new OverflowException("Integer exceeds max value."); var index = 7; var significantBitReached = false; var mask = 0x7fUL << (index * 7); while (index >= 0) { var buffer = (mask & integer); if (buffer > 0 || significantBitReached) { significantBitReached = true; buffer >>= index * 7; if (index > 0) buffer |= 0x80; yield return (byte)buffer; } mask >>= 7; index--; } } public static ulong FromVlqCollection(IEnumerable<byte> vlq) { ulong integer = 0; var significantBitReached = false; using (var enumerator = vlq.GetEnumerator()) { int index = 0; while (enumerator.MoveNext()) { var buffer = enumerator.Current; if (buffer > 0 || significantBitReached) { significantBitReached = true; integer <<= 7; integer |= (buffer & 0x7fUL); } if (++index == 8 || (significantBitReached && (buffer & 0x80) != 0x80)) break; } } return integer; } public static void Main() { var integers = new ulong[] { 0x7fUL << 7 * 7, 0x80, 0x2000, 0x3FFF, 0x4000, 0x200000, 0x1fffff }; foreach (var original in integers) { Console.WriteLine("Original: 0x{0:X}", original); var seq = ToVlqCollection(original); Console.WriteLine("Sequence: 0x{0}", seq.Select(b => b.ToString("X2")).Aggregate(string.Concat)); var decoded = FromVlqCollection(seq); Console.WriteLine("Decoded: 0x{0:X}", decoded); var encoded = ToVlq(original); Console.WriteLine("Encoded: 0x{0:X}", encoded); decoded = FromVlq(encoded); Console.WriteLine("Decoded: 0x{0:X}", decoded); Console.WriteLine(); } Console.WriteLine("Press any key to continue..."); Console.ReadKey(); } } }
Please provide an equivalent version of this Go code in C#.
package main import ( "fmt" "strings" "unicode" "unicode/utf8" ) func main() { show("alphaBETA") show("alpha BETA") show("DŽLjnj") show("o'hare O'HARE o’hare don't") } func show(s string) { fmt.Println("\nstring: ", s, " len:", utf8.RuneCountInString(s), "runes") fmt.Println("All upper case: ", strings.ToUpper(s)) fmt.Println("All lower case: ", strings.ToLower(s)) fmt.Println("All title case: ", strings.ToTitle(s)) fmt.Println("Title words: ", strings.Title(s)) fmt.Println("Swapping case: ", strings.Map(unicode.SimpleFold, s)) }
using System; namespace StringCase { class Program { public static void Main() { String input = scope .("alphaBETA"); input.ToUpper(); Console.WriteLine(input); input.ToLower(); Console.WriteLine(input); } } }
Generate a C# translation of this Go snippet without changing its computational steps.
package main import ( "crypto/md5" "fmt" ) func main() { for _, p := range [][2]string{ {"d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e", ""}, {"0cc175b9c0f1b6a831c399e269772661", "a"}, {"900150983cd24fb0d6963f7d28e17f72", "abc"}, {"f96b697d7cb7938d525a2f31aaf161d0", "message digest"}, {"c3fcd3d76192e4007dfb496cca67e13b", "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"}, {"d174ab98d277d9f5a5611c2c9f419d9f", "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789"}, {"57edf4a22be3c955ac49da2e2107b67a", "12345678901234567890" + "123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890"}, {"e38ca1d920c4b8b8d3946b2c72f01680", "The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog's back"}, } { validate(p[0], p[1]) } } var h = md5.New() func validate(check, s string) { h.Reset() h.Write([]byte(s)) sum := fmt.Sprintf("%x", h.Sum(nil)) if sum != check { fmt.Println("MD5 fail") fmt.Println(" for string,", s) fmt.Println(" expected: ", check) fmt.Println(" got: ", sum) } }
using System.Text; using System.Security.Cryptography; byte[] data = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes("The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog's back"); byte[] hash = MD5.Create().ComputeHash(data); Console.WriteLine(BitConverter.ToString(hash).Replace("-", "").ToLower());
Keep all operations the same but rewrite the snippet in C#.
package main import ( "fmt" "time" ) const taskDate = "March 7 2009 7:30pm EST" const taskFormat = "January 2 2006 3:04pm MST" func main() { if etz, err := time.LoadLocation("US/Eastern"); err == nil { time.Local = etz } fmt.Println("Input: ", taskDate) t, err := time.Parse(taskFormat, taskDate) if err != nil { fmt.Println(err) return } t = t.Add(12 * time.Hour) fmt.Println("+12 hrs: ", t) if _, offset := t.Zone(); offset == 0 { fmt.Println("No time zone info.") return } atz, err := time.LoadLocation("US/Arizona") if err == nil { fmt.Println("+12 hrs in Arizona:", t.In(atz)) } }
class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { CultureInfo ci=CultureInfo.CreateSpecificCulture("en-US"); string dateString = "March 7 2009 7:30pm EST"; string format = "MMMM d yyyy h:mmtt z"; DateTime myDateTime = DateTime.ParseExact(dateString.Replace("EST","+6"),format,ci) ; DateTime newDateTime = myDateTime.AddHours(12).AddDays(1) ; Console.WriteLine(newDateTime.ToString(format).Replace("-5","EST")); Console.ReadLine(); } }
Change the following Go code into C# without altering its purpose.
package main import ( "fmt" "log" "os" "strconv" "time" ) func main() { out := make(chan uint64) for _, a := range os.Args[1:] { i, err := strconv.ParseUint(a, 10, 64) if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } go func(n uint64) { time.Sleep(time.Duration(n) * time.Millisecond) out <- n }(i) } for _ = range os.Args[1:] { fmt.Println(<-out) } }
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Threading; class Program { static void ThreadStart(object item) { Thread.Sleep(1000 * (int)item); Console.WriteLine(item); } static void SleepSort(IEnumerable<int> items) { foreach (var item in items) { new Thread(ThreadStart).Start(item); } } static void Main(string[] arguments) { SleepSort(arguments.Select(int.Parse)); } }
Change the following Go code into C# without altering its purpose.
package main import ( "fmt" "log" "os" "strconv" "time" ) func main() { out := make(chan uint64) for _, a := range os.Args[1:] { i, err := strconv.ParseUint(a, 10, 64) if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } go func(n uint64) { time.Sleep(time.Duration(n) * time.Millisecond) out <- n }(i) } for _ = range os.Args[1:] { fmt.Println(<-out) } }
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Threading; class Program { static void ThreadStart(object item) { Thread.Sleep(1000 * (int)item); Console.WriteLine(item); } static void SleepSort(IEnumerable<int> items) { foreach (var item in items) { new Thread(ThreadStart).Start(item); } } static void Main(string[] arguments) { SleepSort(arguments.Select(int.Parse)); } }
Maintain the same structure and functionality when rewriting this code in C#.
package main import ( "fmt" "math/rand" "time" ) func main() { rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano()) values := make([][]int, 10) for i := range values { values[i] = make([]int, 10) for j := range values[i] { values[i][j] = rand.Intn(20) + 1 } } outerLoop: for i, row := range values { fmt.Printf("%3d)", i) for _, value := range row { fmt.Printf(" %3d", value) if value == 20 { break outerLoop } } fmt.Printf("\n") } fmt.Printf("\n") }
using System; class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { int[,] a = new int[10, 10]; Random r = new Random(); for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++) { a[i, j] = r.Next(0, 21) + 1; } } for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++) { Console.Write(" {0}", a[i, j]); if (a[i, j] == 20) { goto Done; } } Console.WriteLine(); } Done: Console.WriteLine(); } }
Maintain the same structure and functionality when rewriting this code in C#.
package main import "fmt" func uniq(list []int) []int { unique_set := make(map[int]bool, len(list)) for _, x := range list { unique_set[x] = true } result := make([]int, 0, len(unique_set)) for x := range unique_set { result = append(result, x) } return result } func main() { fmt.Println(uniq([]int{1, 2, 3, 2, 3, 4})) }
int[] nums = { 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4 }; List<int> unique = new List<int>(); foreach (int n in nums) if (!unique.Contains(n)) unique.Add(n);
Can you help me rewrite this code in C# instead of Go, keeping it the same logically?
package main import ( "fmt" "strconv" ) func lss(s string) (r string) { c := s[0] nc := 1 for i := 1; i < len(s); i++ { d := s[i] if d == c { nc++ continue } r += strconv.Itoa(nc) + string(c) c = d nc = 1 } return r + strconv.Itoa(nc) + string(c) } func main() { s := "1" fmt.Println(s) for i := 0; i < 8; i++ { s = lss(s) fmt.Println(s) } }
using System; using System.Text; using System.Linq; class Program { static string lookandsay(string number) { StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder(); char repeat = number[0]; number = number.Substring(1, number.Length-1)+" "; int times = 1; foreach (char actual in number) { if (actual != repeat) { result.Append(Convert.ToString(times)+repeat); times = 1; repeat = actual; } else { times += 1; } } return result.ToString(); } static void Main(string[] args) { string num = "1"; foreach (int i in Enumerable.Range(1, 10)) { Console.WriteLine(num); num = lookandsay(num); } } }
Ensure the translated C# code behaves exactly like the original Go snippet.
var intStack []int
System.Collections.Stack stack = new System.Collections.Stack(); stack.Push( obj ); bool isEmpty = stack.Count == 0; object top = stack.Peek(); top = stack.Pop(); System.Collections.Generic.Stack<Foo> stack = new System.Collections.Generic.Stack<Foo>(); stack.Push(new Foo()); bool isEmpty = stack.Count == 0; Foo top = stack.Peek(); top = stack.Pop();
Translate the given Go code snippet into C# without altering its behavior.
package main import "fmt" func gcd(n, k int) int { if n < k || k < 1 { panic("Need n >= k and k >= 1") } s := 1 for n&1 == 0 && k&1 == 0 { n >>= 1 k >>= 1 s <<= 1 } t := n if n&1 != 0 { t = -k } for t != 0 { for t&1 == 0 { t >>= 1 } if t > 0 { n = t } else { k = -t } t = n - k } return n * s } func totient(n int) int { tot := 0 for k := 1; k <= n; k++ { if gcd(n, k) == 1 { tot++ } } return tot } func main() { fmt.Println(" n phi prime") fmt.Println("---------------") count := 0 for n := 1; n <= 25; n++ { tot := totient(n) isPrime := n-1 == tot if isPrime { count++ } fmt.Printf("%2d %2d %t\n", n, tot, isPrime) } fmt.Println("\nNumber of primes up to 25 =", count) for n := 26; n <= 100000; n++ { tot := totient(n) if tot == n-1 { count++ } if n == 100 || n == 1000 || n%10000 == 0 { fmt.Printf("\nNumber of primes up to %-6d = %d\n", n, count) } } }
using static System.Console; using static System.Linq.Enumerable; public class Program { static void Main() { for (int i = 1; i <= 25; i++) { int t = Totient(i); WriteLine(i + "\t" + t + (t == i - 1 ? "\tprime" : "")); } WriteLine(); for (int i = 100; i <= 100_000; i *= 10) { WriteLine($"{Range(1, i).Count(x => Totient(x) + 1 == x):n0} primes below {i:n0}"); } } static int Totient(int n) { if (n < 3) return 1; if (n == 3) return 2; int totient = n; if ((n & 1) == 0) { totient >>= 1; while (((n >>= 1) & 1) == 0) ; } for (int i = 3; i * i <= n; i += 2) { if (n % i == 0) { totient -= totient / i; while ((n /= i) % i == 0) ; } } if (n > 1) totient -= totient / n; return totient; } }
Write the same algorithm in C# as shown in this Go implementation.
if booleanExpression { statements }
if (condition) { } if (condition) { } else if (condition2) { } else { }
Generate a C# translation of this Go snippet without changing its computational steps.
package main import ( "fmt" "sort" "strings" ) type sortable []string func (s sortable) Len() int { return len(s) } func (s sortable) Swap(i, j int) { s[i], s[j] = s[j], s[i] } func (s sortable) Less(i, j int) bool { a, b := s[i], s[j] if len(a) != len(b) { return len(a) > len(b) } return strings.ToLower(a) < strings.ToLower(b) } func main() { var s sortable = strings.Fields("To tell your name the livelong day To an admiring bog") fmt.Println(s, "(original)") sort.Sort(s) fmt.Println(s, "(sorted)") }
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace RosettaCode { class SortCustomComparator { public void CustomSort() { String[] items = { "Here", "are", "some", "sample", "strings", "to", "be", "sorted" }; List<String> list = new List<string>(items); DisplayList("Unsorted", list); list.Sort(CustomCompare); DisplayList("Descending Length", list); list.Sort(); DisplayList("Ascending order", list); } public int CustomCompare(String x, String y) { int result = -x.Length.CompareTo(y.Length); if (result == 0) { result = x.ToLower().CompareTo(y.ToLower()); } return result; } public void DisplayList(String header, List<String> theList) { Console.WriteLine(header); Console.WriteLine("".PadLeft(header.Length, '*')); foreach (String str in theList) { Console.WriteLine(str); } Console.WriteLine(); } } }
Translate the given Go code snippet into C# without altering its behavior.
package main import ( "log" "time" "github.com/gdamore/tcell" ) const ( msg = "Hello World! " x0, y0 = 8, 3 shiftsPerSecond = 4 clicksToExit = 5 ) func main() { s, err := tcell.NewScreen() if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } if err = s.Init(); err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } s.Clear() s.EnableMouse() tick := time.Tick(time.Second / shiftsPerSecond) click := make(chan bool) go func() { for { em, ok := s.PollEvent().(*tcell.EventMouse) if !ok || em.Buttons()&0xFF == tcell.ButtonNone { continue } mx, my := em.Position() if my == y0 && mx >= x0 && mx < x0+len(msg) { click <- true } } }() for inc, shift, clicks := 1, 0, 0; ; { select { case <-tick: shift = (shift + inc) % len(msg) for i, r := range msg { s.SetContent(x0+((shift+i)%len(msg)), y0, r, nil, 0) } s.Show() case <-click: clicks++ if clicks == clicksToExit { s.Fini() return } inc = len(msg) - inc } } }
using System; using System.Drawing; using System.Windows.Forms; namespace BasicAnimation { class BasicAnimationForm : Form { bool isReverseDirection; Label textLabel; Timer timer; internal BasicAnimationForm() { this.Size = new Size(150, 75); this.Text = "Basic Animation"; textLabel = new Label(); textLabel.Text = "Hello World! "; textLabel.Location = new Point(3,3); textLabel.AutoSize = true; textLabel.Click += new EventHandler(textLabel_OnClick); this.Controls.Add(textLabel); timer = new Timer(); timer.Interval = 500; timer.Tick += new EventHandler(timer_OnTick); timer.Enabled = true; isReverseDirection = false; } private void timer_OnTick(object sender, EventArgs e) { string oldText = textLabel.Text, newText; if(isReverseDirection) newText = oldText.Substring(1, oldText.Length - 1) + oldText.Substring(0, 1); else newText = oldText.Substring(oldText.Length - 1, 1) + oldText.Substring(0, oldText.Length - 1); textLabel.Text = newText; } private void textLabel_OnClick(object sender, EventArgs e) { isReverseDirection = !isReverseDirection; } } class Program { static void Main() { Application.Run(new BasicAnimationForm()); } } }
Convert this Go block to C#, preserving its control flow and logic.
package main import ( "bytes" "encoding/binary" "fmt" ) type word int32 const wordLen = 4 const highBit = -1 << 31 var data = []word{170, 45, 75, -90, -802, 24, 2, 66} func main() { buf := bytes.NewBuffer(nil) ds := make([][]byte, len(data)) for i, x := range data { binary.Write(buf, binary.LittleEndian, x^highBit) b := make([]byte, wordLen) buf.Read(b) ds[i] = b } bins := make([][][]byte, 256) for i := 0; i < wordLen; i++ { for _, b := range ds { bins[b[i]] = append(bins[b[i]], b) } j := 0 for k, bs := range bins { copy(ds[j:], bs) j += len(bs) bins[k] = bs[:0] } } fmt.Println("original:", data) var w word for i, b := range ds { buf.Write(b) binary.Read(buf, binary.LittleEndian, &w) data[i] = w^highBit } fmt.Println("sorted: ", data) }
using System; namespace RadixSort { class Program { static void Sort(int[] old) { int i, j; int[] tmp = new int[old.Length]; for (int shift = 31; shift > -1; --shift) { j = 0; for (i = 0; i < old.Length; ++i) { bool move = (old[i] << shift) >= 0; if (shift == 0 ? !move : move) old[i-j] = old[i]; else tmp[j++] = old[i]; } Array.Copy(tmp, 0, old, old.Length-j, j); } } static void Main(string[] args) { int[] old = new int[] { 2, 5, 1, -3, 4 }; Console.WriteLine(string.Join(", ", old)); Sort(old); Console.WriteLine(string.Join(", ", old)); Console.Read(); } } }
Produce a language-to-language conversion: from Go to C#, same semantics.
package main import "fmt" type ( seq []int sofs []seq ) func newSeq(start, end int) seq { if end < start { end = start } s := make(seq, end-start+1) for i := 0; i < len(s); i++ { s[i] = start + i } return s } func newSofs() sofs { return sofs{seq{}} } func (s sofs) listComp(in seq, expr func(sofs, seq) sofs, pred func(seq) bool) sofs { var s2 sofs for _, t := range expr(s, in) { if pred(t) { s2 = append(s2, t) } } return s2 } func (s sofs) build(t seq) sofs { var u sofs for _, ss := range s { for _, tt := range t { uu := make(seq, len(ss)) copy(uu, ss) uu = append(uu, tt) u = append(u, uu) } } return u } func main() { pt := newSofs() in := newSeq(1, 20) expr := func(s sofs, t seq) sofs { return s.build(t).build(t).build(t) } pred := func(t seq) bool { if len(t) != 3 { return false } return t[0]*t[0]+t[1]*t[1] == t[2]*t[2] && t[0] < t[1] && t[1] < t[2] } pt = pt.listComp(in, expr, pred) fmt.Println(pt) }
using System.Linq; static class Program { static void Main() { var ts = from a in Enumerable.Range(1, 20) from b in Enumerable.Range(a, 21 - a) from c in Enumerable.Range(b, 21 - b) where a * a + b * b == c * c select new { a, b, c }; foreach (var t in ts) System.Console.WriteLine("{0}, {1}, {2}", t.a, t.b, t.c); } }
Rewrite the snippet below in C# so it works the same as the original Go code.
package main import "fmt" type ( seq []int sofs []seq ) func newSeq(start, end int) seq { if end < start { end = start } s := make(seq, end-start+1) for i := 0; i < len(s); i++ { s[i] = start + i } return s } func newSofs() sofs { return sofs{seq{}} } func (s sofs) listComp(in seq, expr func(sofs, seq) sofs, pred func(seq) bool) sofs { var s2 sofs for _, t := range expr(s, in) { if pred(t) { s2 = append(s2, t) } } return s2 } func (s sofs) build(t seq) sofs { var u sofs for _, ss := range s { for _, tt := range t { uu := make(seq, len(ss)) copy(uu, ss) uu = append(uu, tt) u = append(u, uu) } } return u } func main() { pt := newSofs() in := newSeq(1, 20) expr := func(s sofs, t seq) sofs { return s.build(t).build(t).build(t) } pred := func(t seq) bool { if len(t) != 3 { return false } return t[0]*t[0]+t[1]*t[1] == t[2]*t[2] && t[0] < t[1] && t[1] < t[2] } pt = pt.listComp(in, expr, pred) fmt.Println(pt) }
using System.Linq; static class Program { static void Main() { var ts = from a in Enumerable.Range(1, 20) from b in Enumerable.Range(a, 21 - a) from c in Enumerable.Range(b, 21 - b) where a * a + b * b == c * c select new { a, b, c }; foreach (var t in ts) System.Console.WriteLine("{0}, {1}, {2}", t.a, t.b, t.c); } }
Convert this Go snippet to C# and keep its semantics consistent.
package main import "fmt" var a = []int{170, 45, 75, -90, -802, 24, 2, 66} func main() { fmt.Println("before:", a) selectionSort(a) fmt.Println("after: ", a) } func selectionSort(a []int) { last := len(a) - 1 for i := 0; i < last; i++ { aMin := a[i] iMin := i for j := i + 1; j < len(a); j++ { if a[j] < aMin { aMin = a[j] iMin = j } } a[i], a[iMin] = aMin, a[i] } }
class SelectionSort<T> where T : IComparable { public T[] Sort(T[] list) { int k; T temp; for (int i = 0; i < list.Length; i++) { k = i; for (int j=i + 1; j < list.Length; j++) { if (list[j].CompareTo(list[k]) < 0) { k = j; } } temp = list[i]; list[i] = list[k]; list[k] = temp; } return list; } }
Please provide an equivalent version of this Go code in C#.
package main import "fmt" func main() { for _, i := range []int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5} { fmt.Println(i * i) } }
int[] intArray = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }; int[] squares1 = intArray.Select(x => x * x).ToArray(); int[] squares2 = (from x in intArray select x * x).ToArray(); foreach (var i in intArray) Console.WriteLine(i * i);
Generate a C# translation of this Go snippet without changing its computational steps.
package main import ( "log" "math/rand" "sync" "time" ) var ( instance string once sync.Once ) func claim(color string, w *sync.WaitGroup) { time.Sleep(time.Duration(rand.Intn(1e8))) log.Println("trying to claim", color) once.Do(func() { instance = color }) log.Printf("tried %s. instance: %s", color, instance) w.Done() } func main() { rand.Seed(time.Now().Unix()) var w sync.WaitGroup w.Add(2) go claim("red", &w) go claim("blue", &w) w.Wait() log.Println("after trying both, instance =", instance) }
public sealed class Singleton1 { private static Singleton1 instance; private static readonly object lockObj = new object(); public static Singleton1 Instance { get { lock(lockObj) { if (instance == null) { instance = new Singleton1(); } } return instance; } } }
Please provide an equivalent version of this Go code in C#.
package main import ( "fmt" "math" ) type interval struct { lower, upper float64 } func stepAway(x float64) interval { return interval { math.Nextafter(x, math.Inf(-1)), math.Nextafter(x, math.Inf(1))} } func safeAdd(a, b float64) interval { return stepAway(a + b) } func main() { a, b := 1.2, .03 fmt.Println(a, b, safeAdd(a, b)) }
using System; namespace SafeAddition { class Program { static float NextUp(float d) { if (d == 0.0) return float.Epsilon; if (float.IsNaN(d) || float.IsNegativeInfinity(d) || float.IsPositiveInfinity(d)) return d; byte[] bytes = BitConverter.GetBytes(d); int dl = BitConverter.ToInt32(bytes, 0); dl++; bytes = BitConverter.GetBytes(dl); return BitConverter.ToSingle(bytes, 0); } static float NextDown(float d) { if (d == 0.0) return -float.Epsilon; if (float.IsNaN(d) || float.IsNegativeInfinity(d) || float.IsPositiveInfinity(d)) return d; byte[] bytes = BitConverter.GetBytes(d); int dl = BitConverter.ToInt32(bytes, 0); dl--; bytes = BitConverter.GetBytes(dl); return BitConverter.ToSingle(bytes, 0); } static Tuple<float, float> SafeAdd(float a, float b) { return new Tuple<float, float>(NextDown(a + b), NextUp(a + b)); } static void Main(string[] args) { float a = 1.20f; float b = 0.03f; Console.WriteLine("({0} + {1}) is in the range {2}", a, b, SafeAdd(a, b)); } } }
Write the same algorithm in C# as shown in this Go implementation.
package main import ( "fmt" "math" ) type interval struct { lower, upper float64 } func stepAway(x float64) interval { return interval { math.Nextafter(x, math.Inf(-1)), math.Nextafter(x, math.Inf(1))} } func safeAdd(a, b float64) interval { return stepAway(a + b) } func main() { a, b := 1.2, .03 fmt.Println(a, b, safeAdd(a, b)) }
using System; namespace SafeAddition { class Program { static float NextUp(float d) { if (d == 0.0) return float.Epsilon; if (float.IsNaN(d) || float.IsNegativeInfinity(d) || float.IsPositiveInfinity(d)) return d; byte[] bytes = BitConverter.GetBytes(d); int dl = BitConverter.ToInt32(bytes, 0); dl++; bytes = BitConverter.GetBytes(dl); return BitConverter.ToSingle(bytes, 0); } static float NextDown(float d) { if (d == 0.0) return -float.Epsilon; if (float.IsNaN(d) || float.IsNegativeInfinity(d) || float.IsPositiveInfinity(d)) return d; byte[] bytes = BitConverter.GetBytes(d); int dl = BitConverter.ToInt32(bytes, 0); dl--; bytes = BitConverter.GetBytes(dl); return BitConverter.ToSingle(bytes, 0); } static Tuple<float, float> SafeAdd(float a, float b) { return new Tuple<float, float>(NextDown(a + b), NextUp(a + b)); } static void Main(string[] args) { float a = 1.20f; float b = 0.03f; Console.WriteLine("({0} + {1}) is in the range {2}", a, b, SafeAdd(a, b)); } } }
Write the same code in C# as shown below in Go.
for i := 10; i >= 0; i-- { fmt.Println(i) }
for (int i = 10; i >= 0; i--) { Console.WriteLine(i); }
Port the following code from Go to C# with equivalent syntax and logic.
import "io/ioutil" func main() { ioutil.WriteFile("path/to/your.file", []byte("data"), 0644) }
System.IO.File.WriteAllText("filename.txt", "This file contains a string.");
Port the provided Go code into C# while preserving the original functionality.
package main import "fmt" func main() { for i := 1; i <= 5; i++ { for j := 1; j <= i; j++ { fmt.Printf("*") } fmt.Printf("\n") } }
using System; class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { for (int j = 0; j <= i; j++) { Console.Write("*"); } Console.WriteLine(); } } }
Preserve the algorithm and functionality while converting the code from Go to C#.
package main import "fmt" const ( m = iota c cm cmc ) func ncs(s []int) [][]int { if len(s) < 3 { return nil } return append(n2(nil, s[1:], m), n2([]int{s[0]}, s[1:], c)...) } var skip = []int{m, cm, cm, cmc} var incl = []int{c, c, cmc, cmc} func n2(ss, tail []int, seq int) [][]int { if len(tail) == 0 { if seq != cmc { return nil } return [][]int{ss} } return append(n2(append([]int{}, ss...), tail[1:], skip[seq]), n2(append(ss, tail[0]), tail[1:], incl[seq])...) } func main() { ss := ncs([]int{1, 2, 3, 4}) fmt.Println(len(ss), "non-continuous subsequences:") for _, s := range ss { fmt.Println(" ", s) } }
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; class Program { public static void Main() { var sequence = new[] { "A", "B", "C", "D" }; foreach (var subset in Subsets(sequence.Length).Where(s => !IsContinuous(s))) { Console.WriteLine(string.Join(" ", subset.Select(i => sequence[i]))); } } static IEnumerable<List<int>> Subsets(int length) { int[] values = Enumerable.Range(0, length).ToArray(); var stack = new Stack<int>(length); for (int i = 0; stack.Count > 0 || i < length; ) { if (i < length) { stack.Push(i++); yield return (from index in stack.Reverse() select values[index]).ToList(); } else { i = stack.Pop() + 1; if (stack.Count > 0) i = stack.Pop() + 1; } } } static bool IsContinuous(List<int> list) => list[list.Count - 1] - list[0] + 1 == list.Count; }
Translate the given Go code snippet into C# without altering its behavior.
package main import "fmt" func sieve(limit uint64) []bool { limit++ c := make([]bool, limit) c[0] = true c[1] = true p := uint64(3) for { p2 := p * p if p2 >= limit { break } for i := p2; i < limit; i += 2 * p { c[i] = true } for { p += 2 if !c[p] { break } } } return c } func commatize(n int) string { s := fmt.Sprintf("%d", n) if n < 0 { s = s[1:] } le := len(s) for i := le - 3; i >= 1; i -= 3 { s = s[0:i] + "," + s[i:] } if n >= 0 { return s } return "-" + s } func main() { c := sieve(1e10 - 1) limit := 10 start := 3 twins := 0 for i := 1; i < 11; i++ { for i := start; i < limit; i += 2 { if !c[i] && !c[i-2] { twins++ } } fmt.Printf("Under %14s there are %10s pairs of twin primes.\n", commatize(limit), commatize(twins)) start = limit + 1 limit *= 10 } }
using System; class Program { static uint[] res = new uint[10]; static uint ri = 1, p = 10, count = 0; static void TabulateTwinPrimes(uint bound) { if (bound < 5) return; count++; uint cl = (bound - 1) >> 1, i = 1, j, limit = (uint)(Math.Sqrt(bound) - 1) >> 1; var comp = new bool[cl]; bool lp; for (j = 3; j < cl; j += 3) comp[j] = true; while (i < limit) { if (lp = !comp[i]) { uint pr = (i << 1) + 3; for (j = (pr * pr - 2) >> 1; j < cl; j += pr) comp[j] = true; } if (!comp[++i]) { uint pr = (i << 1) + 3; if (lp) { if (pr > p) { res[ri++] = count; p *= 10; } count++; i++; } for (j = (pr * pr - 2) >> 1; j < cl; j += pr) comp[j] = true; } } cl--; while (i < cl) { lp = !comp[i++]; if (!comp[i] && lp) { if ((i++ << 1) + 3 > p) { res[ri++] = count; p *= 10; } count++; } } res[ri] = count; } static void Main(string[] args) { var sw = System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch.StartNew(); string fmt = "{0,9:n0} twin primes below {1,-13:n0}"; TabulateTwinPrimes(1_000_000_000); sw.Stop(); p = 1; for (var j = 1; j <= ri; j++) Console.WriteLine(fmt, res[j], p *= 10); Console.Write("{0} sec", sw.Elapsed.TotalSeconds); } }
Port the following code from Go to C# with equivalent syntax and logic.
package main import ( "fmt" "math" "math/cmplx" ) func main() { for n := 2; n <= 5; n++ { fmt.Printf("%d roots of 1:\n", n) for _, r := range roots(n) { fmt.Printf(" %18.15f\n", r) } } } func roots(n int) []complex128 { r := make([]complex128, n) for i := 0; i < n; i++ { r[i] = cmplx.Rect(1, 2*math.Pi*float64(i)/float64(n)) } return r }
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Numerics; class Program { static IEnumerable<Complex> RootsOfUnity(int degree) { return Enumerable .Range(0, degree) .Select(element => Complex.FromPolarCoordinates(1, 2 * Math.PI * element / degree)); } static void Main() { var degree = 3; foreach (var root in RootsOfUnity(degree)) { Console.WriteLine(root); } } }
Keep all operations the same but rewrite the snippet in C#.
package main import "fmt" func d(b byte) byte { if b < '0' || b > '9' { panic("digit 0-9 expected") } return b - '0' } func add(x, y string) string { if len(y) > len(x) { x, y = y, x } b := make([]byte, len(x)+1) var c byte for i := 1; i <= len(x); i++ { if i <= len(y) { c += d(y[len(y)-i]) } s := d(x[len(x)-i]) + c c = s / 10 b[len(b)-i] = (s % 10) + '0' } if c == 0 { return string(b[1:]) } b[0] = c + '0' return string(b) } func mulDigit(x string, y byte) string { if y == '0' { return "0" } y = d(y) b := make([]byte, len(x)+1) var c byte for i := 1; i <= len(x); i++ { s := d(x[len(x)-i])*y + c c = s / 10 b[len(b)-i] = (s % 10) + '0' } if c == 0 { return string(b[1:]) } b[0] = c + '0' return string(b) } func mul(x, y string) string { result := mulDigit(x, y[len(y)-1]) for i, zeros := 2, ""; i <= len(y); i++ { zeros += "0" result = add(result, mulDigit(x, y[len(y)-i])+zeros) } return result } const n = "18446744073709551616" func main() { fmt.Println(mul(n, n)) }
using System; using static System.Console; using BI = System.Numerics.BigInteger; class Program { static decimal mx = 1E28M, hm = 1E14M, a; struct bi { public decimal hi, lo; } static bi set4sq(decimal a) { bi r; r.hi = Math.Floor(a / hm); r.lo = a % hm; return r; } static string toStr(bi a, bool comma = false) { string r = a.hi == 0 ? string.Format("{0:0}", a.lo) : string.Format("{0:0}{1:" + new string('0', 28) + "}", a.hi, a.lo); if (!comma) return r; string rc = ""; for (int i = r.Length - 3; i > 0; i -= 3) rc = "," + r.Substring(i, 3) + rc; return r.Substring(0, ((r.Length + 2) % 3) + 1) + rc; } static decimal Pow_dec(decimal bas, uint exp) { if (exp == 0) return 1M; decimal tmp = Pow_dec(bas, exp >> 1); tmp *= tmp; if ((exp & 1) == 0) return tmp; return tmp * bas; } static void Main(string[] args) { for (uint p = 64; p < 95; p += 30) { bi x = set4sq(a = Pow_dec(2M, p)), y; WriteLine("The square of (2^{0}): {1,38:n0}", p, a); BI BS = BI.Pow((BI)a, 2); y.lo = x.lo * x.lo; y.hi = x.hi * x.hi; a = x.hi * x.lo * 2M; y.hi += Math.Floor(a / hm); y.lo += (a % hm) * hm; while (y.lo > mx) { y.lo -= mx; y.hi++; } WriteLine(" is {0,75} (which {1} match the BigInteger computation)\n", toStr(y, true), BS.ToString() == toStr(y) ? "does" : "fails to"); } } }
Generate a C# translation of this Go snippet without changing its computational steps.
package main import ( "fmt" "math/big" ) var big1 = new(big.Int).SetUint64(1) func solvePell(nn uint64) (*big.Int, *big.Int) { n := new(big.Int).SetUint64(nn) x := new(big.Int).Set(n) x.Sqrt(x) y := new(big.Int).Set(x) z := new(big.Int).SetUint64(1) r := new(big.Int).Lsh(x, 1) e1 := new(big.Int).SetUint64(1) e2 := new(big.Int) f1 := new(big.Int) f2 := new(big.Int).SetUint64(1) t := new(big.Int) u := new(big.Int) a := new(big.Int) b := new(big.Int) for { t.Mul(r, z) y.Sub(t, y) t.Mul(y, y) t.Sub(n, t) z.Quo(t, z) t.Add(x, y) r.Quo(t, z) u.Set(e1) e1.Set(e2) t.Mul(r, e2) e2.Add(t, u) u.Set(f1) f1.Set(f2) t.Mul(r, f2) f2.Add(t, u) t.Mul(x, f2) a.Add(e2, t) b.Set(f2) t.Mul(a, a) u.Mul(n, b) u.Mul(u, b) t.Sub(t, u) if t.Cmp(big1) == 0 { return a, b } } } func main() { ns := []uint64{61, 109, 181, 277} for _, n := range ns { x, y := solvePell(n) fmt.Printf("x^2 - %3d*y^2 = 1 for x = %-21s and y = %s\n", n, x, y) } }
using System; using System.Numerics; static class Program { static void Fun(ref BigInteger a, ref BigInteger b, int c) { BigInteger t = a; a = b; b = b * c + t; } static void SolvePell(int n, ref BigInteger a, ref BigInteger b) { int x = (int)Math.Sqrt(n), y = x, z = 1, r = x << 1; BigInteger e1 = 1, e2 = 0, f1 = 0, f2 = 1; while (true) { y = r * z - y; z = (n - y * y) / z; r = (x + y) / z; Fun(ref e1, ref e2, r); Fun(ref f1, ref f2, r); a = f2; b = e2; Fun(ref b, ref a, x); if (a * a - n * b * b == 1) return; } } static void Main() { BigInteger x, y; foreach (int n in new[] { 61, 109, 181, 277 }) { SolvePell(n, ref x, ref y); Console.WriteLine("x^2 - {0,3} * y^2 = 1 for x = {1,27:n0} and y = {2,25:n0}", n, x, y); } } }
Write the same algorithm in C# as shown in this Go implementation.
package main import ( "bufio" "bytes" "fmt" "math/rand" "os" "strings" "time" ) func main() { fmt.Println(`Cows and Bulls Guess four digit number of unique digits in the range 1 to 9. A correct digit but not in the correct place is a cow. A correct digit in the correct place is a bull.`) pat := make([]byte, 4) rand.Seed(time.Now().Unix()) r := rand.Perm(9) for i := range pat { pat[i] = '1' + byte(r[i]) } valid := []byte("123456789") guess: for in := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin); ; { fmt.Print("Guess: ") guess, err := in.ReadString('\n') if err != nil { fmt.Println("\nSo, bye.") return } guess = strings.TrimSpace(guess) if len(guess) != 4 { fmt.Println("Please guess a four digit number.") continue } var cows, bulls int for ig, cg := range guess { if strings.IndexRune(guess[:ig], cg) >= 0 { fmt.Printf("Repeated digit: %c\n", cg) continue guess } switch bytes.IndexByte(pat, byte(cg)) { case -1: if bytes.IndexByte(valid, byte(cg)) == -1 { fmt.Printf("Invalid digit: %c\n", cg) continue guess } default: cows++ case ig: bulls++ } } fmt.Printf("Cows: %d, bulls: %d\n", cows, bulls) if bulls == 4 { fmt.Println("You got it.") return } } }
using System; namespace BullsnCows { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { int[] nums = new int[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 }; KnuthShuffle<int>(ref nums); int[] chosenNum = new int[4]; Array.Copy(nums, chosenNum, 4); Console.WriteLine("Your Guess ?"); while (!game(Console.ReadLine(), chosenNum)) { Console.WriteLine("Your next Guess ?"); } Console.ReadKey(); } public static void KnuthShuffle<T>(ref T[] array) { System.Random random = new System.Random(); for (int i = 0; i < array.Length; i++) { int j = random.Next(array.Length); T temp = array[i]; array[i] = array[j]; array[j] = temp; } } public static bool game(string guess, int[] num) { char[] guessed = guess.ToCharArray(); int bullsCount = 0, cowsCount = 0; if (guessed.Length != 4) { Console.WriteLine("Not a valid guess."); return false; } for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) { int curguess = (int) char.GetNumericValue(guessed[i]); if (curguess < 1 || curguess > 9) { Console.WriteLine("Digit must be ge greater 0 and lower 10."); return false; } if (curguess == num[i]) { bullsCount++; } else { for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) { if (curguess == num[j]) cowsCount++; } } } if (bullsCount == 4) { Console.WriteLine("Congratulations! You have won!"); return true; } else { Console.WriteLine("Your Score is {0} bulls and {1} cows", bullsCount, cowsCount); return false; } } } }
Convert the following code from Go to C#, ensuring the logic remains intact.
package main import "fmt" func main() { list := []int{31, 41, 59, 26, 53, 58, 97, 93, 23, 84} fmt.Println("unsorted:", list) bubblesort(list) fmt.Println("sorted! ", list) } func bubblesort(a []int) { for itemCount := len(a) - 1; ; itemCount-- { hasChanged := false for index := 0; index < itemCount; index++ { if a[index] > a[index+1] { a[index], a[index+1] = a[index+1], a[index] hasChanged = true } } if hasChanged == false { break } } }
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace RosettaCode.BubbleSort { public static class BubbleSortMethods { public static void BubbleSort<T>(this List<T> list) where T : IComparable { bool madeChanges; int itemCount = list.Count; do { madeChanges = false; itemCount--; for (int i = 0; i < itemCount; i++) { if (list[i].CompareTo(list[i + 1]) > 0) { T temp = list[i + 1]; list[i + 1] = list[i]; list[i] = temp; madeChanges = true; } } } while (madeChanges); } } class Program { static void Main() { List<int> testList = new List<int> { 3, 7, 3, 2, 1, -4, 10, 12, 4 }; testList.BubbleSort(); foreach (var t in testList) Console.Write(t + " "); } } }
Write a version of this Go function in C# with identical behavior.
package main import ( "fmt" "io/ioutil" ) func main() { b, err := ioutil.ReadFile("input.txt") if err != nil { fmt.Println(err) return } if err = ioutil.WriteFile("output.txt", b, 0666); err != nil { fmt.Println(err) } }
using System; using System.IO; namespace FileIO { class Program { static void Main() { String s = scope .(); File.ReadAllText("input.txt", s); File.WriteAllText("output.txt", s); } } }
Produce a functionally identical C# code for the snippet given in Go.
package main import "fmt" func main() { var a, b int fmt.Print("enter two integers: ") fmt.Scanln(&a, &b) fmt.Printf("%d + %d = %d\n", a, b, a+b) fmt.Printf("%d - %d = %d\n", a, b, a-b) fmt.Printf("%d * %d = %d\n", a, b, a*b) fmt.Printf("%d / %d = %d\n", a, b, a/b) fmt.Printf("%d %% %d = %d\n", a, b, a%b) }
using System; class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { int a = Convert.ToInt32(args[0]); int b = Convert.ToInt32(args[1]); Console.WriteLine("{0} + {1} = {2}", a, b, a + b); Console.WriteLine("{0} - {1} = {2}", a, b, a - b); Console.WriteLine("{0} * {1} = {2}", a, b, a * b); Console.WriteLine("{0} / {1} = {2}", a, b, a / b); Console.WriteLine("{0} % {1} = {2}", a, b, a % b); Console.WriteLine("{0} to the power of {1} = {2}", a, b, Math.Pow(a, b)); } }
Keep all operations the same but rewrite the snippet in C#.
package main import ( "fmt" "gonum.org/v1/gonum/mat" ) func main() { m := mat.NewDense(2, 3, []float64{ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, }) fmt.Println(mat.Formatted(m)) fmt.Println() fmt.Println(mat.Formatted(m.T())) }
using System; using System.Text; namespace prog { class MainClass { public static void Main (string[] args) { double[,] m = { {1,2,3},{4,5,6},{7,8,9} }; double[,] t = Transpose( m ); for( int i=0; i<t.GetLength(0); i++ ) { for( int j=0; j<t.GetLength(1); j++ ) Console.Write( t[i,j] + " " ); Console.WriteLine(""); } } public static double[,] Transpose( double[,] m ) { double[,] t = new double[m.GetLength(1),m.GetLength(0)]; for( int i=0; i<m.GetLength(0); i++ ) for( int j=0; j<m.GetLength(1); j++ ) t[j,i] = m[i,j]; return t; } } }
Keep all operations the same but rewrite the snippet in C#.
package main import "fmt" func a(k int, x1, x2, x3, x4, x5 func() int) int { var b func() int b = func() int { k-- return a(k, b, x1, x2, x3, x4) } if k <= 0 { return x4() + x5() } return b() } func main() { x := func(i int) func() int { return func() int { return i } } fmt.Println(a(10, x(1), x(-1), x(-1), x(1), x(0))) }
using System; delegate T Func<T>(); class ManOrBoy { static void Main() { Console.WriteLine(A(10, C(1), C(-1), C(-1), C(1), C(0))); } static Func<int> C(int i) { return delegate { return i; }; } static int A(int k, Func<int> x1, Func<int> x2, Func<int> x3, Func<int> x4, Func<int> x5) { Func<int> b = null; b = delegate { k--; return A(k, b, x1, x2, x3, x4); }; return k <= 0 ? x4() + x5() : b(); } }
Convert the following code from Go to C#, ensuring the logic remains intact.
package main import "fmt" func a(v bool) bool { fmt.Print("a") return v } func b(v bool) bool { fmt.Print("b") return v } func test(i, j bool) { fmt.Printf("Testing a(%t) && b(%t)\n", i, j) fmt.Print("Trace: ") fmt.Println("\nResult:", a(i) && b(j)) fmt.Printf("Testing a(%t) || b(%t)\n", i, j) fmt.Print("Trace: ") fmt.Println("\nResult:", a(i) || b(j)) fmt.Println("") } func main() { test(false, false) test(false, true) test(true, false) test(true, true) }
using System; class Program { static bool a(bool value) { Console.WriteLine("a"); return value; } static bool b(bool value) { Console.WriteLine("b"); return value; } static void Main() { foreach (var i in new[] { false, true }) { foreach (var j in new[] { false, true }) { Console.WriteLine("{0} and {1} = {2}", i, j, a(i) && b(j)); Console.WriteLine(); Console.WriteLine("{0} or {1} = {2}", i, j, a(i) || b(j)); Console.WriteLine(); } } } }
Rewrite this program in C# while keeping its functionality equivalent to the Go version.
package main import "fmt" func a(v bool) bool { fmt.Print("a") return v } func b(v bool) bool { fmt.Print("b") return v } func test(i, j bool) { fmt.Printf("Testing a(%t) && b(%t)\n", i, j) fmt.Print("Trace: ") fmt.Println("\nResult:", a(i) && b(j)) fmt.Printf("Testing a(%t) || b(%t)\n", i, j) fmt.Print("Trace: ") fmt.Println("\nResult:", a(i) || b(j)) fmt.Println("") } func main() { test(false, false) test(false, true) test(true, false) test(true, true) }
using System; class Program { static bool a(bool value) { Console.WriteLine("a"); return value; } static bool b(bool value) { Console.WriteLine("b"); return value; } static void Main() { foreach (var i in new[] { false, true }) { foreach (var j in new[] { false, true }) { Console.WriteLine("{0} and {1} = {2}", i, j, a(i) && b(j)); Console.WriteLine(); Console.WriteLine("{0} or {1} = {2}", i, j, a(i) || b(j)); Console.WriteLine(); } } } }
Rewrite the snippet below in C# so it works the same as the original Go code.
package main import ( "flag" "fmt" "runtime/debug" ) func main() { stack := flag.Int("stack", 0, "maximum per goroutine stack size or 0 for the default") flag.Parse() if *stack > 0 { debug.SetMaxStack(*stack) } r(1) } func r(l int) { if l%1000 == 0 { fmt.Println(l) } r(l + 1) }
using System; class RecursionLimit { static void Main(string[] args) { Recur(0); } private static void Recur(int i) { Console.WriteLine(i); Recur(i + 1); } }
Change the programming language of this snippet from Go to C# without modifying what it does.
package main import ( "flag" "fmt" "runtime/debug" ) func main() { stack := flag.Int("stack", 0, "maximum per goroutine stack size or 0 for the default") flag.Parse() if *stack > 0 { debug.SetMaxStack(*stack) } r(1) } func r(l int) { if l%1000 == 0 { fmt.Println(l) } r(l + 1) }
using System; class RecursionLimit { static void Main(string[] args) { Recur(0); } private static void Recur(int i) { Console.WriteLine(i); Recur(i + 1); } }
Ensure the translated C# code behaves exactly like the original Go snippet.
package main import ( "code.google.com/p/x-go-binding/ui/x11" "fmt" "image" "image/color" "image/draw" "log" "os" "time" ) var randcol = genrandcol() func genrandcol() <-chan color.Color { c := make(chan color.Color) go func() { for { select { case c <- image.Black: case c <- image.White: } } }() return c } func gennoise(screen draw.Image) { for y := 0; y < 240; y++ { for x := 0; x < 320; x++ { screen.Set(x, y, <-randcol) } } } func fps() chan<- bool { up := make(chan bool) go func() { var frames int64 var lasttime time.Time var totaltime time.Duration for { <-up frames++ now := time.Now() totaltime += now.Sub(lasttime) if totaltime > time.Second { fmt.Printf("FPS: %v\n", float64(frames)/totaltime.Seconds()) frames = 0 totaltime = 0 } lasttime = now } }() return up } func main() { win, err := x11.NewWindow() if err != nil { fmt.Println(err) os.Exit(1) } defer win.Close() go func() { upfps := fps() screen := win.Screen() for { gennoise(screen) win.FlushImage() upfps <- true } }() for _ = range win.EventChan() { } }
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Drawing; using System.Drawing.Imaging; using System.Linq; using System.Runtime.InteropServices; using System.Windows.Forms; class Program { static Size size = new Size(320, 240); static Rectangle rectsize = new Rectangle(new Point(0, 0), size); static int numpixels = size.Width * size.Height; static int numbytes = numpixels * 3; static PictureBox pb; static BackgroundWorker worker; static double time = 0; static double frames = 0; static Random rand = new Random(); static byte tmp; static byte white = 255; static byte black = 0; static int halfmax = int.MaxValue / 2; static IEnumerable<byte> YieldVodoo() { for (int i = 0; i < numpixels; i++) { tmp = rand.Next() < halfmax ? black : white; yield return tmp; yield return tmp; yield return tmp; } } static Image Randimg() { var bitmap = new Bitmap(size.Width, size.Height); var data = bitmap.LockBits(rectsize, ImageLockMode.WriteOnly, PixelFormat.Format24bppRgb); Marshal.Copy( YieldVodoo().ToArray<byte>(), 0, data.Scan0, numbytes); bitmap.UnlockBits(data); return bitmap; } [STAThread] static void Main() { var form = new Form(); form.AutoSize = true; form.Size = new Size(0, 0); form.Text = "Test"; form.FormClosed += delegate { Application.Exit(); }; worker = new BackgroundWorker(); worker.DoWork += delegate { System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(500); while (true) { var a = DateTime.Now; pb.Image = Randimg(); var b = DateTime.Now; time += (b - a).TotalSeconds; frames += 1; if (frames == 30) { Console.WriteLine("{0} frames in {1:0.000} seconds. ({2:0} FPS)", frames, time, frames / time); time = 0; frames = 0; } } }; worker.RunWorkerAsync(); FlowLayoutPanel flp = new FlowLayoutPanel(); form.Controls.Add(flp); pb = new PictureBox(); pb.Size = size; flp.AutoSize = true; flp.Controls.Add(pb); form.Show(); Application.Run(); } }
Rewrite the snippet below in C# so it works the same as the original Go code.
package main import "fmt" func computePerfect(n int64) bool { var sum int64 for i := int64(1); i < n; i++ { if n%i == 0 { sum += i } } return sum == n } func isPerfect(n int64) bool { switch n { case 6, 28, 496, 8128, 33550336, 8589869056, 137438691328, 2305843008139952128: return true } return false } func main() { for n := int64(1); ; n++ { if isPerfect(n) != computePerfect(n) { panic("bug") } if n%1e3 == 0 { fmt.Println("tested", n) } } }
static void Main(string[] args) { Console.WriteLine("Perfect numbers from 1 to 33550337:"); for (int x = 0; x < 33550337; x++) { if (IsPerfect(x)) Console.WriteLine(x + " is perfect."); } Console.ReadLine(); } static bool IsPerfect(int num) { int sum = 0; for (int i = 1; i < num; i++) { if (num % i == 0) sum += i; } return sum == num ; }
Please provide an equivalent version of this Go code in C#.
package main import ( "fmt" "math/big" ) func main() { x := big.NewInt(2) x = x.Exp(big.NewInt(3), x, nil) x = x.Exp(big.NewInt(4), x, nil) x = x.Exp(big.NewInt(5), x, nil) str := x.String() fmt.Printf("5^(4^(3^2)) has %d digits: %s ... %s\n", len(str), str[:20], str[len(str)-20:], ) }
using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Linq; using System.Numerics; static class Program { static void Main() { BigInteger n = BigInteger.Pow(5, (int)BigInteger.Pow(4, (int)BigInteger.Pow(3, 2))); string result = n.ToString(); Debug.Assert(result.Length == 183231); Debug.Assert(result.StartsWith("62060698786608744707")); Debug.Assert(result.EndsWith("92256259918212890625")); Console.WriteLine("n = 5^4^3^2"); Console.WriteLine("n = {0}...{1}", result.Substring(0, 20), result.Substring(result.Length - 20, 20) ); Console.WriteLine("n digits = {0}", result.Length); } }
Write the same algorithm in C# as shown in this Go implementation.
package main import ( "bufio" "bytes" "errors" "fmt" "io" "os" ) var index map[string][]int var indexed []doc type doc struct { file string title string } func main() { index = make(map[string][]int) if err := indexDir("docs"); err != nil { fmt.Println(err) return } ui() } func indexDir(dir string) error { df, err := os.Open(dir) if err != nil { return err } fis, err := df.Readdir(-1) if err != nil { return err } if len(fis) == 0 { return errors.New(fmt.Sprintf("no files in %s", dir)) } indexed := 0 for _, fi := range fis { if !fi.IsDir() { if indexFile(dir + "/" + fi.Name()) { indexed++ } } } return nil } func indexFile(fn string) bool { f, err := os.Open(fn) if err != nil { fmt.Println(err) return false } x := len(indexed) indexed = append(indexed, doc{fn, fn}) pdoc := &indexed[x] r := bufio.NewReader(f) lines := 0 for { b, isPrefix, err := r.ReadLine() switch { case err == io.EOF: return true case err != nil: fmt.Println(err) return true case isPrefix: fmt.Printf("%s: unexpected long line\n", fn) return true case lines < 20 && bytes.HasPrefix(b, []byte("Title:")): pdoc.title = string(b[7:]) } wordLoop: for _, bword := range bytes.Fields(b) { bword := bytes.Trim(bword, ".,-~?!\"'`;:()<>[]{}\\|/=_+*&^%$#@") if len(bword) > 0 { word := string(bword) dl := index[word] for _, d := range dl { if d == x { continue wordLoop } } index[word] = append(dl, x) } } } return true } func ui() { fmt.Println(len(index), "words indexed in", len(indexed), "files") fmt.Println("enter single words to search for") fmt.Println("enter a blank line when done") var word string for { fmt.Print("search word: ") wc, _ := fmt.Scanln(&word) if wc == 0 { return } switch dl := index[word]; len(dl) { case 0: fmt.Println("no match") case 1: fmt.Println("one match:") fmt.Println(" ", indexed[dl[0]].file, indexed[dl[0]].title) default: fmt.Println(len(dl), "matches:") for _, d := range dl { fmt.Println(" ", indexed[d].file, indexed[d].title) } } } }
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.IO; using System.Linq; class InvertedIndex { static Dictionary<TItem, IEnumerable<TKey>> Invert<TKey, TItem>(Dictionary<TKey, IEnumerable<TItem>> dictionary) { return dictionary .SelectMany(keyValuePair => keyValuePair.Value.Select(item => new KeyValuePair<TItem, TKey>(item, keyValuePair.Key))) .GroupBy(keyValuePair => keyValuePair.Key) .ToDictionary(group => group.Key, group => group.Select(keyValuePair => keyValuePair.Value)); } static void Main() { Console.Write("files: "); var files = Console.ReadLine(); Console.Write("find: "); var find = Console.ReadLine(); var dictionary = files.Split().ToDictionary(file => file, file => File.ReadAllText(file).Split().AsEnumerable()); Console.WriteLine("{0} found in: {1}", find, string.Join(" ", Invert(dictionary)[find])); } }
Translate the given Go code snippet into C# without altering its behavior.
package main import ( "fmt" "math/big" ) var m, n, z big.Int func init() { m.SetString("2562047788015215500854906332309589561", 10) n.SetString("6795454494268282920431565661684282819", 10) } func main() { fmt.Println(z.Mul(z.Div(&m, z.GCD(nil, nil, &m, &n)), &n)) }
Using System; class Program { static int gcd(int m, int n) { return n == 0 ? Math.Abs(m) : gcd(n, n % m); } static int lcm(int m, int n) { return Math.Abs(m * n) / gcd(m, n); } static void Main() { Console.WriteLine("lcm(12,18)=" + lcm(12,18)); } }
Can you help me rewrite this code in C# instead of Go, keeping it the same logically?
package main import ( "fmt" "math/big" ) var m, n, z big.Int func init() { m.SetString("2562047788015215500854906332309589561", 10) n.SetString("6795454494268282920431565661684282819", 10) } func main() { fmt.Println(z.Mul(z.Div(&m, z.GCD(nil, nil, &m, &n)), &n)) }
Using System; class Program { static int gcd(int m, int n) { return n == 0 ? Math.Abs(m) : gcd(n, n % m); } static int lcm(int m, int n) { return Math.Abs(m * n) / gcd(m, n); } static void Main() { Console.WriteLine("lcm(12,18)=" + lcm(12,18)); } }
Please provide an equivalent version of this Go code in C#.
package main import "fmt" import "math/rand" import "time" func main() { rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano()) for { a := rand.Intn(20) fmt.Println(a) if a == 10 { break } b := rand.Intn(20) fmt.Println(b) } }
class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { Random random = new Random(); while (true) { int a = random.Next(20); Console.WriteLine(a); if (a == 10) break; int b = random.Next(20) Console.WriteLine(b); } Console.ReadLine(); } }
Convert this Go block to C#, preserving its control flow and logic.
package main import "fmt" func maxl(hm []int ) []int{ res := make([]int,len(hm)) max := 1 for i := 0; i < len(hm);i++{ if(hm[i] > max){ max = hm[i] } res[i] = max; } return res } func maxr(hm []int ) []int{ res := make([]int,len(hm)) max := 1 for i := len(hm) - 1 ; i >= 0;i--{ if(hm[i] > max){ max = hm[i] } res[i] = max; } return res } func min(a,b []int) []int { res := make([]int,len(a)) for i := 0; i < len(a);i++{ if a[i] >= b[i]{ res[i] = b[i] }else { res[i] = a[i] } } return res } func diff(hm, min []int) []int { res := make([]int,len(hm)) for i := 0; i < len(hm);i++{ if min[i] > hm[i]{ res[i] = min[i] - hm[i] } } return res } func sum(a []int) int { res := 0 for i := 0; i < len(a);i++{ res += a[i] } return res } func waterCollected(hm []int) int { maxr := maxr(hm) maxl := maxl(hm) min := min(maxr,maxl) diff := diff(hm,min) sum := sum(diff) return sum } func main() { fmt.Println(waterCollected([]int{1, 5, 3, 7, 2})) fmt.Println(waterCollected([]int{5, 3, 7, 2, 6, 4, 5, 9, 1, 2})) fmt.Println(waterCollected([]int{2, 6, 3, 5, 2, 8, 1, 4, 2, 2, 5, 3, 5, 7, 4, 1})) fmt.Println(waterCollected([]int{5, 5, 5, 5})) fmt.Println(waterCollected([]int{5, 6, 7, 8})) fmt.Println(waterCollected([]int{8, 7, 7, 6})) fmt.Println(waterCollected([]int{6, 7, 10, 7, 6})) }
class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { int[][] wta = { new int[] {1, 5, 3, 7, 2}, new int[] { 5, 3, 7, 2, 6, 4, 5, 9, 1, 2 }, new int[] { 2, 6, 3, 5, 2, 8, 1, 4, 2, 2, 5, 3, 5, 7, 4, 1 }, new int[] { 5, 5, 5, 5 }, new int[] { 5, 6, 7, 8 }, new int[] { 8, 7, 7, 6 }, new int[] { 6, 7, 10, 7, 6 }}; string blk, lf = "\n", tb = "██", wr = "≈≈", mt = " "; for (int i = 0; i < wta.Length; i++) { int bpf; blk = ""; do { string floor = ""; bpf = 0; for (int j = 0; j < wta[i].Length; j++) { if (wta[i][j] > 0) { floor += tb; wta[i][j] -= 1; bpf += 1; } else floor += (j > 0 && j < wta[i].Length - 1 ? wr : mt); } if (bpf > 0) blk = floor + lf + blk; } while (bpf > 0); while (blk.Contains(mt + wr)) blk = blk.Replace(mt + wr, mt + mt); while (blk.Contains(wr + mt)) blk = blk.Replace(wr + mt, mt + mt); if (args.Length > 0) System.Console.Write("\n{0}", blk); System.Console.WriteLine("Block {0} retains {1,2} water units.", i + 1, (blk.Length - blk.Replace(wr, "").Length) / 2); } } }