Instruction
stringlengths
45
106
input_code
stringlengths
1
13.7k
output_code
stringlengths
1
13.7k
Rewrite the snippet below in C++ so it works the same as the original Go code.
package main import ( "fmt" "rcu" "strconv" ) func equalSets(s1, s2 map[rune]bool) bool { if len(s1) != len(s2) { return false } for k, _ := range s1 { _, ok := s2[k] if !ok { return false } } return true } func main() { const limit = 100_000 count := 0 fmt.Println("Numbers under 100,000 which use the same digits in decimal or hex:") for n := 0; n < limit; n++ { h := strconv.FormatInt(int64(n), 16) hs := make(map[rune]bool) for _, c := range h { hs[c] = true } ns := make(map[rune]bool) for _, c := range strconv.Itoa(n) { ns[c] = true } if equalSets(hs, ns) { count++ fmt.Printf("%6s ", rcu.Commatize(n)) if count%10 == 0 { fmt.Println() } } } fmt.Printf("\n\n%d such numbers found.\n", count) }
#include <iostream> #include <iomanip> #include <bitset> const int LIMIT = 100000; std::bitset<16> digitset(int num, int base) { std::bitset<16> set; for (; num; num /= base) set.set(num % base); return set; } int main() { int c = 0; for (int i=0; i<LIMIT; i++) { if (digitset(i,10) == digitset(i,16)) { std::cout << std::setw(7) << i; if (++c % 10 == 0) std::cout << std::endl; } } std::cout << std::endl; return 0; }
Translate the given Go code snippet into C++ without altering its behavior.
package main import "fmt" func largestProperDivisor(n int) int { for i := 2; i*i <= n; i++ { if n%i == 0 { return n / i } } return 1 } func main() { fmt.Println("The largest proper divisors for numbers in the interval [1, 100] are:") fmt.Print(" 1 ") for n := 2; n <= 100; n++ { if n%2 == 0 { fmt.Printf("%2d ", n/2) } else { fmt.Printf("%2d ", largestProperDivisor(n)) } if n%10 == 0 { fmt.Println() } } }
#include <cassert> #include <iomanip> #include <iostream> int largest_proper_divisor(int n) { assert(n > 0); if ((n & 1) == 0) return n >> 1; for (int p = 3; p * p <= n; p += 2) { if (n % p == 0) return n / p; } return 1; } int main() { for (int n = 1; n < 101; ++n) { std::cout << std::setw(2) << largest_proper_divisor(n) << (n % 10 == 0 ? '\n' : ' '); } }
Convert the following code from Go to C++, ensuring the logic remains intact.
package main import ( "bytes" "fmt" ) type symbolTable string func (symbols symbolTable) encode(s string) []byte { seq := make([]byte, len(s)) pad := []byte(symbols) for i, c := range []byte(s) { x := bytes.IndexByte(pad, c) seq[i] = byte(x) copy(pad[1:], pad[:x]) pad[0] = c } return seq } func (symbols symbolTable) decode(seq []byte) string { chars := make([]byte, len(seq)) pad := []byte(symbols) for i, x := range seq { c := pad[x] chars[i] = c copy(pad[1:], pad[:x]) pad[0] = c } return string(chars) } func main() { m := symbolTable("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz") for _, s := range []string{"broood", "bananaaa", "hiphophiphop"} { enc := m.encode(s) dec := m.decode(enc) fmt.Println(s, enc, dec) if dec != s { panic("Whoops!") } } }
#include <iostream> #include <iterator> #include <sstream> #include <vector> using namespace std; class MTF { public: string encode( string str ) { fillSymbolTable(); vector<int> output; for( string::iterator it = str.begin(); it != str.end(); it++ ) { for( int i = 0; i < 26; i++ ) { if( *it == symbolTable[i] ) { output.push_back( i ); moveToFront( i ); break; } } } string r; for( vector<int>::iterator it = output.begin(); it != output.end(); it++ ) { ostringstream ss; ss << *it; r += ss.str() + " "; } return r; } string decode( string str ) { fillSymbolTable(); istringstream iss( str ); vector<int> output; copy( istream_iterator<int>( iss ), istream_iterator<int>(), back_inserter<vector<int> >( output ) ); string r; for( vector<int>::iterator it = output.begin(); it != output.end(); it++ ) { r.append( 1, symbolTable[*it] ); moveToFront( *it ); } return r; } private: void moveToFront( int i ) { char t = symbolTable[i]; for( int z = i - 1; z >= 0; z-- ) symbolTable[z + 1] = symbolTable[z]; symbolTable[0] = t; } void fillSymbolTable() { for( int x = 0; x < 26; x++ ) symbolTable[x] = x + 'a'; } char symbolTable[26]; }; int main() { MTF mtf; string a, str[] = { "broood", "bananaaa", "hiphophiphop" }; for( int x = 0; x < 3; x++ ) { a = str[x]; cout << a << " -> encoded = "; a = mtf.encode( a ); cout << a << "; decoded = " << mtf.decode( a ) << endl; } return 0; }
Port the provided Go code into C++ while preserving the original functionality.
package main import ( "fmt" "rcu" ) func main() { fmt.Println("Cumulative sums of the first 50 cubes:") sum := 0 for n := 0; n < 50; n++ { sum += n * n * n fmt.Printf("%9s ", rcu.Commatize(sum)) if n%10 == 9 { fmt.Println() } } fmt.Println()
#include <array> #include <cstdio> #include <numeric> void PrintContainer(const auto& vec) { int count = 0; for(auto value : vec) { printf("%7d%c", value, ++count % 10 == 0 ? '\n' : ' '); } } int main() { auto cube = [](auto x){return x * x * x;}; std::array<int, 50> a; std::iota(a.begin(), a.end(), 0); std::transform_inclusive_scan(a.begin(), a.end(), a.begin(), std::plus{}, cube); PrintContainer(a); }
Ensure the translated C++ code behaves exactly like the original Go snippet.
package main import ( "fmt" "math" "math/big" "reflect" "strings" "unsafe" ) func Float64IsInt(f float64) bool { _, frac := math.Modf(f) return frac == 0 } func Float32IsInt(f float32) bool { return Float64IsInt(float64(f)) } func Complex128IsInt(c complex128) bool { return imag(c) == 0 && Float64IsInt(real(c)) } func Complex64IsInt(c complex64) bool { return imag(c) == 0 && Float64IsInt(float64(real(c))) } type hasIsInt interface { IsInt() bool } var bigIntT = reflect.TypeOf((*big.Int)(nil)) func IsInt(i interface{}) bool { if ci, ok := i.(hasIsInt); ok { return ci.IsInt() } switch v := reflect.ValueOf(i); v.Kind() { case reflect.Int, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64, reflect.Uint, reflect.Uint8, reflect.Uint16, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64, reflect.Uintptr: return true case reflect.Float32, reflect.Float64: return Float64IsInt(v.Float()) case reflect.Complex64, reflect.Complex128: return Complex128IsInt(v.Complex()) case reflect.String: if r, ok := new(big.Rat).SetString(v.String()); ok { return r.IsInt() } case reflect.Ptr: if v.Type() == bigIntT { return true } } return false } type intbased int16 type complexbased complex64 type customIntegerType struct { } func (customIntegerType) IsInt() bool { return true } func (customIntegerType) String() string { return "<…>" } func main() { hdr := fmt.Sprintf("%27s  %-6s %s\n", "Input", "IsInt", "Type") show2 := func(t bool, i interface{}, args ...interface{}) { istr := fmt.Sprint(i) fmt.Printf("%27s  %-6t %T ", istr, t, i) fmt.Println(args...) } show := func(i interface{}, args ...interface{}) { show2(IsInt(i), i, args...) } fmt.Print("Using Float64IsInt with float64:\n", hdr) neg1 := -1. for _, f := range []float64{ 0, neg1 * 0, -2, -2.000000000000001, 10. / 2, 22. / 3, math.Pi, math.MinInt64, math.MaxUint64, math.SmallestNonzeroFloat64, math.MaxFloat64, math.NaN(), math.Inf(1), math.Inf(-1), } { show2(Float64IsInt(f), f) } fmt.Print("\nUsing Complex128IsInt with complex128:\n", hdr) for _, c := range []complex128{ 3, 1i, 0i, 3.4, } { show2(Complex128IsInt(c), c) } fmt.Println("\nUsing reflection:") fmt.Print(hdr) show("hello") show(math.MaxFloat64) show("9e100") f := new(big.Float) show(f) f.SetString("1e-3000") show(f) show("(4+0i)", "(complex strings not parsed)") show(4 + 0i) show(rune('§'), "or rune") show(byte('A'), "or byte") var t1 intbased = 5200 var t2a, t2b complexbased = 5 + 0i, 5 + 1i show(t1) show(t2a) show(t2b) x := uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&t2b)) show(x) show(math.MinInt32) show(uint64(math.MaxUint64)) b, _ := new(big.Int).SetString(strings.Repeat("9", 25), 0) show(b) r := new(big.Rat) show(r) r.SetString("2/3") show(r) show(r.SetFrac(b, new(big.Int).SetInt64(9))) show("12345/5") show(new(customIntegerType)) }
#include <complex> #include <math.h> #include <iostream> template<class Type> struct Precision { public: static Type GetEps() { return eps; } static void SetEps(Type e) { eps = e; } private: static Type eps; }; template<class Type> Type Precision<Type>::eps = static_cast<Type>(1E-7); template<class DigType> bool IsDoubleEqual(DigType d1, DigType d2) { return (fabs(d1 - d2) < Precision<DigType>::GetEps()); } template<class DigType> DigType IntegerPart(DigType value) { return (value > 0) ? floor(value) : ceil(value); } template<class DigType> DigType FractionPart(DigType value) { return fabs(IntegerPart<DigType>(value) - value); } template<class Type> bool IsInteger(const Type& value) { return false; } #define GEN_CHECK_INTEGER(type) \ template<> \ bool IsInteger<type>(const type& value) \ { \ return true; \ } #define GEN_CHECK_CMPL_INTEGER(type) \ template<> \ bool IsInteger<std::complex<type> >(const std::complex<type>& value) \ { \ type zero = type(); \ return value.imag() == zero; \ } #define GEN_CHECK_REAL(type) \ template<> \ bool IsInteger<type>(const type& value) \ { \ type zero = type(); \ return IsDoubleEqual<type>(FractionPart<type>(value), zero); \ } #define GEN_CHECK_CMPL_REAL(type) \ template<> \ bool IsInteger<std::complex<type> >(const std::complex<type>& value) \ { \ type zero = type(); \ return IsDoubleEqual<type>(value.imag(), zero); \ } #define GEN_INTEGER(type) \ GEN_CHECK_INTEGER(type) \ GEN_CHECK_CMPL_INTEGER(type) #define GEN_REAL(type) \ GEN_CHECK_REAL(type) \ GEN_CHECK_CMPL_REAL(type) GEN_INTEGER(char) GEN_INTEGER(unsigned char) GEN_INTEGER(short) GEN_INTEGER(unsigned short) GEN_INTEGER(int) GEN_INTEGER(unsigned int) GEN_INTEGER(long) GEN_INTEGER(unsigned long) GEN_INTEGER(long long) GEN_INTEGER(unsigned long long) GEN_REAL(float) GEN_REAL(double) GEN_REAL(long double) template<class Type> inline void TestValue(const Type& value) { std::cout << "Value: " << value << " of type: " << typeid(Type).name() << " is integer - " << std::boolalpha << IsInteger(value) << std::endl; } int main() { char c = -100; unsigned char uc = 200; short s = c; unsigned short us = uc; int i = s; unsigned int ui = us; long long ll = i; unsigned long long ull = ui; std::complex<unsigned int> ci1(2, 0); std::complex<int> ci2(2, 4); std::complex<int> ci3(-2, 4); std::complex<unsigned short> cs1(2, 0); std::complex<short> cs2(2, 4); std::complex<short> cs3(-2, 4); std::complex<double> cd1(2, 0); std::complex<float> cf1(2, 4); std::complex<double> cd2(-2, 4); float f1 = 1.0; float f2 = -2.0; float f3 = -2.4f; float f4 = 1.23e-5f; float f5 = 1.23e-10f; double d1 = f5; TestValue(c); TestValue(uc); TestValue(s); TestValue(us); TestValue(i); TestValue(ui); TestValue(ll); TestValue(ull); TestValue(ci1); TestValue(ci2); TestValue(ci3); TestValue(cs1); TestValue(cs2); TestValue(cs3); TestValue(cd1); TestValue(cd2); TestValue(cf1); TestValue(f1); TestValue(f2); TestValue(f3); TestValue(f4); TestValue(f5); std::cout << "Set float precision: 1e-15f\n"; Precision<float>::SetEps(1e-15f); TestValue(f5); TestValue(d1); return 0; }
Rewrite this program in C++ while keeping its functionality equivalent to the Go version.
package main import ( "log" "os" "os/exec" ) func main() { cmd := exec.Command("ls", "-l") cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } }
system("pause");
Translate the given Go code snippet into C++ without altering its behavior.
package main import ( "fmt" "sort" ) type Node struct { val int back *Node } func lis (n []int) (result []int) { var pileTops []*Node for _, x := range n { j := sort.Search(len(pileTops), func (i int) bool { return pileTops[i].val >= x }) node := &Node{ x, nil } if j != 0 { node.back = pileTops[j-1] } if j != len(pileTops) { pileTops[j] = node } else { pileTops = append(pileTops, node) } } if len(pileTops) == 0 { return []int{} } for node := pileTops[len(pileTops)-1]; node != nil; node = node.back { result = append(result, node.val) } for i := 0; i < len(result)/2; i++ { result[i], result[len(result)-i-1] = result[len(result)-i-1], result[i] } return } func main() { for _, d := range [][]int{{3, 2, 6, 4, 5, 1}, {0, 8, 4, 12, 2, 10, 6, 14, 1, 9, 5, 13, 3, 11, 7, 15}} { fmt.Printf("an L.I.S. of %v is %v\n", d, lis(d)) } }
#include <vector> #include <list> #include <algorithm> #include <iostream> template <typename T> struct Node { T value; Node* prev_node; }; template <typename Container> Container lis(const Container& values) { using E = typename Container::value_type; using NodePtr = Node<E>*; using ConstNodePtr = const NodePtr; std::vector<NodePtr> pileTops; std::vector<Node<E>> nodes(values.size()); auto cur_node = std::begin(nodes); for (auto cur_value = std::begin(values); cur_value != std::end(values); ++cur_value, ++cur_node) { auto node = &*cur_node; node->value = *cur_value; auto lb = std::lower_bound(pileTops.begin(), pileTops.end(), node, [](ConstNodePtr& node1, ConstNodePtr& node2) -> bool { return node1->value < node2->value; }); if (lb != pileTops.begin()) node->prev_node = *std::prev(lb); if (lb == pileTops.end()) pileTops.push_back(node); else *lb = node; } Container result(pileTops.size()); auto r = std::rbegin(result); for (NodePtr node = pileTops.back(); node != nullptr; node = node->prev_node, ++r) *r = node->value; return result; } template <typename Container> void show_lis(const Container& values) { auto&& result = lis(values); for (auto& r : result) { std::cout << r << ' '; } std::cout << std::endl; } int main() { show_lis(std::list<int> { 3, 2, 6, 4, 5, 1 }); show_lis(std::vector<int> { 0, 8, 4, 12, 2, 10, 6, 14, 1, 9, 5, 13, 3, 11, 7, 15 }); }
Translate the given Go code snippet into C++ without altering its behavior.
package main import ( "fmt" "log" "os" "strconv" "strings" ) const luckySize = 60000 var luckyOdd = make([]int, luckySize) var luckyEven = make([]int, luckySize) func init() { for i := 0; i < luckySize; i++ { luckyOdd[i] = i*2 + 1 luckyEven[i] = i*2 + 2 } } func filterLuckyOdd() { for n := 2; n < len(luckyOdd); n++ { m := luckyOdd[n-1] end := (len(luckyOdd)/m)*m - 1 for j := end; j >= m-1; j -= m { copy(luckyOdd[j:], luckyOdd[j+1:]) luckyOdd = luckyOdd[:len(luckyOdd)-1] } } } func filterLuckyEven() { for n := 2; n < len(luckyEven); n++ { m := luckyEven[n-1] end := (len(luckyEven)/m)*m - 1 for j := end; j >= m-1; j -= m { copy(luckyEven[j:], luckyEven[j+1:]) luckyEven = luckyEven[:len(luckyEven)-1] } } } func printSingle(j int, odd bool) error { if odd { if j >= len(luckyOdd) { return fmt.Errorf("the argument, %d, is too big", j) } fmt.Println("Lucky number", j, "=", luckyOdd[j-1]) } else { if j >= len(luckyEven) { return fmt.Errorf("the argument, %d, is too big", j) } fmt.Println("Lucky even number", j, "=", luckyEven[j-1]) } return nil } func printRange(j, k int, odd bool) error { if odd { if k >= len(luckyOdd) { return fmt.Errorf("the argument, %d, is too big", k) } fmt.Println("Lucky numbers", j, "to", k, "are:") fmt.Println(luckyOdd[j-1 : k]) } else { if k >= len(luckyEven) { return fmt.Errorf("the argument, %d, is too big", k) } fmt.Println("Lucky even numbers", j, "to", k, "are:") fmt.Println(luckyEven[j-1 : k]) } return nil } func printBetween(j, k int, odd bool) error { var r []int if odd { max := luckyOdd[len(luckyOdd)-1] if j > max || k > max { return fmt.Errorf("at least one argument, %d or %d, is too big", j, k) } for _, num := range luckyOdd { if num < j { continue } if num > k { break } r = append(r, num) } fmt.Println("Lucky numbers between", j, "and", k, "are:") fmt.Println(r) } else { max := luckyEven[len(luckyEven)-1] if j > max || k > max { return fmt.Errorf("at least one argument, %d or %d, is too big", j, k) } for _, num := range luckyEven { if num < j { continue } if num > k { break } r = append(r, num) } fmt.Println("Lucky even numbers between", j, "and", k, "are:") fmt.Println(r) } return nil } func main() { nargs := len(os.Args) if nargs < 2 || nargs > 4 { log.Fatal("there must be between 1 and 3 command line arguments") } filterLuckyOdd() filterLuckyEven() j, err := strconv.Atoi(os.Args[1]) if err != nil || j < 1 { log.Fatalf("first argument, %s, must be a positive integer", os.Args[1]) } if nargs == 2 { if err := printSingle(j, true); err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } return } if nargs == 3 { k, err := strconv.Atoi(os.Args[2]) if err != nil { log.Fatalf("second argument, %s, must be an integer", os.Args[2]) } if k >= 0 { if j > k { log.Fatalf("second argument, %d, can't be less than first, %d", k, j) } if err := printRange(j, k, true); err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } } else { l := -k if j > l { log.Fatalf("second argument, %d, can't be less in absolute value than first, %d", k, j) } if err := printBetween(j, l, true); err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } } return } var odd bool switch lucky := strings.ToLower(os.Args[3]); lucky { case "lucky": odd = true case "evenlucky": odd = false default: log.Fatalf("third argument, %s, is invalid", os.Args[3]) } if os.Args[2] == "," { if err := printSingle(j, odd); err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } return } k, err := strconv.Atoi(os.Args[2]) if err != nil { log.Fatal("second argument must be an integer or a comma") } if k >= 0 { if j > k { log.Fatalf("second argument, %d, can't be less than first, %d", k, j) } if err := printRange(j, k, odd); err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } } else { l := -k if j > l { log.Fatalf("second argument, %d, can't be less in absolute value than first, %d", k, j) } if err := printBetween(j, l, odd); err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } } }
#include <algorithm> #include <iostream> #include <iterator> #include <vector> const int luckySize = 60000; std::vector<int> luckyEven(luckySize); std::vector<int> luckyOdd(luckySize); void init() { for (int i = 0; i < luckySize; ++i) { luckyEven[i] = i * 2 + 2; luckyOdd[i] = i * 2 + 1; } } void filterLuckyEven() { for (size_t n = 2; n < luckyEven.size(); ++n) { int m = luckyEven[n - 1]; int end = (luckyEven.size() / m) * m - 1; for (int j = end; j >= m - 1; j -= m) { std::copy(luckyEven.begin() + j + 1, luckyEven.end(), luckyEven.begin() + j); luckyEven.pop_back(); } } } void filterLuckyOdd() { for (size_t n = 2; n < luckyOdd.size(); ++n) { int m = luckyOdd[n - 1]; int end = (luckyOdd.size() / m) * m - 1; for (int j = end; j >= m - 1; j -= m) { std::copy(luckyOdd.begin() + j + 1, luckyOdd.end(), luckyOdd.begin() + j); luckyOdd.pop_back(); } } } void printBetween(size_t j, size_t k, bool even) { std::ostream_iterator<int> out_it{ std::cout, ", " }; if (even) { size_t max = luckyEven.back(); if (j > max || k > max) { std::cerr << "At least one are is too big\n"; exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } std::cout << "Lucky even numbers between " << j << " and " << k << " are: "; std::copy_if(luckyEven.begin(), luckyEven.end(), out_it, [j, k](size_t n) { return j <= n && n <= k; }); } else { size_t max = luckyOdd.back(); if (j > max || k > max) { std::cerr << "At least one are is too big\n"; exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } std::cout << "Lucky numbers between " << j << " and " << k << " are: "; std::copy_if(luckyOdd.begin(), luckyOdd.end(), out_it, [j, k](size_t n) { return j <= n && n <= k; }); } std::cout << '\n'; } void printRange(size_t j, size_t k, bool even) { std::ostream_iterator<int> out_it{ std::cout, ", " }; if (even) { if (k >= luckyEven.size()) { std::cerr << "The argument is too large\n"; exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } std::cout << "Lucky even numbers " << j << " to " << k << " are: "; std::copy(luckyEven.begin() + j - 1, luckyEven.begin() + k, out_it); } else { if (k >= luckyOdd.size()) { std::cerr << "The argument is too large\n"; exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } std::cout << "Lucky numbers " << j << " to " << k << " are: "; std::copy(luckyOdd.begin() + j - 1, luckyOdd.begin() + k, out_it); } } void printSingle(size_t j, bool even) { if (even) { if (j >= luckyEven.size()) { std::cerr << "The argument is too large\n"; exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } std::cout << "Lucky even number " << j << "=" << luckyEven[j - 1] << '\n'; } else { if (j >= luckyOdd.size()) { std::cerr << "The argument is too large\n"; exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } std::cout << "Lucky number " << j << "=" << luckyOdd[j - 1] << '\n'; } } void help() { std::cout << "./lucky j [k] [--lucky|--evenLucky]\n"; std::cout << "\n"; std::cout << " argument(s) | what is displayed\n"; std::cout << "==============================================\n"; std::cout << "-j=m | mth lucky number\n"; std::cout << "-j=m --lucky | mth lucky number\n"; std::cout << "-j=m --evenLucky | mth even lucky number\n"; std::cout << "-j=m -k=n | mth through nth (inclusive) lucky numbers\n"; std::cout << "-j=m -k=n --lucky | mth through nth (inclusive) lucky numbers\n"; std::cout << "-j=m -k=n --evenLucky | mth through nth (inclusive) even lucky numbers\n"; std::cout << "-j=m -k=-n | all lucky numbers in the range [m, n]\n"; std::cout << "-j=m -k=-n --lucky | all lucky numbers in the range [m, n]\n"; std::cout << "-j=m -k=-n --evenLucky | all even lucky numbers in the range [m, n]\n"; } int main(int argc, char **argv) { bool evenLucky = false; int j = 0; int k = 0; if (argc < 2) { help(); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } bool good = false; for (int i = 1; i < argc; ++i) { if ('-' == argv[i][0]) { if ('-' == argv[i][1]) { if (0 == strcmp("--lucky", argv[i])) { evenLucky = false; } else if (0 == strcmp("--evenLucky", argv[i])) { evenLucky = true; } else { std::cerr << "Unknown long argument: [" << argv[i] << "]\n"; exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } } else { if ('j' == argv[i][1] && '=' == argv[i][2] && argv[i][3] != 0) { good = true; j = atoi(&argv[i][3]); } else if ('k' == argv[i][1] && '=' == argv[i][2]) { k = atoi(&argv[i][3]); } else { std::cerr << "Unknown short argument: " << argv[i] << '\n'; exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } } } else { std::cerr << "Unknown argument: " << argv[i] << '\n'; exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } } if (!good) { help(); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } init(); filterLuckyEven(); filterLuckyOdd(); if (k > 0) { printRange(j, k, evenLucky); } else if (k < 0) { printBetween(j, -k, evenLucky); } else { printSingle(j, evenLucky); } return 0; }
Convert this Go block to C++, preserving its control flow and logic.
package expand type Expander interface { Expand() []string } type Text string func (t Text) Expand() []string { return []string{string(t)} } type Alternation []Expander func (alt Alternation) Expand() []string { var out []string for _, e := range alt { out = append(out, e.Expand()...) } return out } type Sequence []Expander func (seq Sequence) Expand() []string { if len(seq) == 0 { return nil } out := seq[0].Expand() for _, e := range seq[1:] { out = combine(out, e.Expand()) } return out } func combine(al, bl []string) []string { out := make([]string, 0, len(al)*len(bl)) for _, a := range al { for _, b := range bl { out = append(out, a+b) } } return out } const ( escape = '\\' altStart = '{' altEnd = '}' altSep = ',' ) type piT struct{ pos, cnt, depth int } type Brace string func Expand(s string) []string { return Brace(s).Expand() } func (b Brace) Expand() []string { return b.Expander().Expand() } func (b Brace) Expander() Expander { s := string(b) var posInfo []piT var stack []int removePosInfo := func(i int) { end := len(posInfo) - 1 copy(posInfo[i:end], posInfo[i+1:]) posInfo = posInfo[:end] } inEscape := false for i, r := range s { if inEscape { inEscape = false continue } switch r { case escape: inEscape = true case altStart: stack = append(stack, len(posInfo)) posInfo = append(posInfo, piT{i, 0, len(stack)}) case altEnd: if len(stack) == 0 { continue } si := len(stack) - 1 pi := stack[si] if posInfo[pi].cnt == 0 { removePosInfo(pi) for pi < len(posInfo) { if posInfo[pi].depth == len(stack) { removePosInfo(pi) } else { pi++ } } } else { posInfo = append(posInfo, piT{i, -2, len(stack)}) } stack = stack[:si] case altSep: if len(stack) == 0 { continue } posInfo = append(posInfo, piT{i, -1, len(stack)}) posInfo[stack[len(stack)-1]].cnt++ } } for len(stack) > 0 { si := len(stack) - 1 pi := stack[si] depth := posInfo[pi].depth removePosInfo(pi) for pi < len(posInfo) { if posInfo[pi].depth == depth { removePosInfo(pi) } else { pi++ } } stack = stack[:si] } return buildExp(s, 0, posInfo) } func buildExp(s string, off int, info []piT) Expander { if len(info) == 0 { return Text(s) } var seq Sequence i := 0 var dj, j, depth int for dk, piK := range info { k := piK.pos - off switch s[k] { case altStart: if depth == 0 { dj = dk j = k depth = piK.depth } case altEnd: if piK.depth != depth { continue } if j > i { seq = append(seq, Text(s[i:j])) } alt := buildAlt(s[j+1:k], depth, j+1+off, info[dj+1:dk]) seq = append(seq, alt) i = k + 1 depth = 0 } } if j := len(s); j > i { seq = append(seq, Text(s[i:j])) } if len(seq) == 1 { return seq[0] } return seq } func buildAlt(s string, depth, off int, info []piT) Alternation { var alt Alternation i := 0 var di int for dk, piK := range info { if piK.depth != depth { continue } if k := piK.pos - off; s[k] == altSep { sub := buildExp(s[i:k], i+off, info[di:dk]) alt = append(alt, sub) i = k + 1 di = dk + 1 } } sub := buildExp(s[i:], i+off, info[di:]) alt = append(alt, sub) return alt }
#include <iostream> #include <iterator> #include <string> #include <utility> #include <vector> namespace detail { template <typename ForwardIterator> class tokenizer { ForwardIterator _tbegin, _tend, _end; public: tokenizer(ForwardIterator begin, ForwardIterator end) : _tbegin(begin), _tend(begin), _end(end) { } template <typename Lambda> bool next(Lambda istoken) { if (_tbegin == _end) { return false; } _tbegin = _tend; for (; _tend != _end && !istoken(*_tend); ++_tend) { if (*_tend == '\\' && std::next(_tend) != _end) { ++_tend; } } if (_tend == _tbegin) { _tend++; } return _tbegin != _end; } ForwardIterator begin() const { return _tbegin; } ForwardIterator end() const { return _tend; } bool operator==(char c) { return *_tbegin == c; } }; template <typename List> void append_all(List & lista, const List & listb) { if (listb.size() == 1) { for (auto & a : lista) { a += listb.back(); } } else { List tmp; for (auto & a : lista) { for (auto & b : listb) { tmp.push_back(a + b); } } lista = std::move(tmp); } } template <typename String, typename List, typename Tokenizer> List expand(Tokenizer & token) { std::vector<List> alts{ { String() } }; while (token.next([](char c) { return c == '{' || c == ',' || c == '}'; })) { if (token == '{') { append_all(alts.back(), expand<String, List>(token)); } else if (token == ',') { alts.push_back({ String() }); } else if (token == '}') { if (alts.size() == 1) { for (auto & a : alts.back()) { a = '{' + a + '}'; } return alts.back(); } else { for (std::size_t i = 1; i < alts.size(); i++) { alts.front().insert(alts.front().end(), std::make_move_iterator(std::begin(alts[i])), std::make_move_iterator(std::end(alts[i]))); } return std::move(alts.front()); } } else { for (auto & a : alts.back()) { a.append(token.begin(), token.end()); } } } List result{ String{ '{' } }; append_all(result, alts.front()); for (std::size_t i = 1; i < alts.size(); i++) { for (auto & a : result) { a += ','; } append_all(result, alts[i]); } return result; } } template < typename ForwardIterator, typename String = std::basic_string< typename std::iterator_traits<ForwardIterator>::value_type >, typename List = std::vector<String> > List expand(ForwardIterator begin, ForwardIterator end) { detail::tokenizer<ForwardIterator> token(begin, end); List list{ String() }; while (token.next([](char c) { return c == '{'; })) { if (token == '{') { detail::append_all(list, detail::expand<String, List>(token)); } else { for (auto & a : list) { a.append(token.begin(), token.end()); } } } return list; } template < typename Range, typename String = std::basic_string<typename Range::value_type>, typename List = std::vector<String> > List expand(const Range & range) { using Iterator = typename Range::const_iterator; return expand<Iterator, String, List>(std::begin(range), std::end(range)); } int main() { for (std::string string : { R"(~/{Downloads,Pictures}/*.{jpg,gif,png})", R"(It{{em,alic}iz,erat}e{d,}, please.)", R"({,{,gotta have{ ,\, again\, }}more }cowbell!)", R"({}} some {\\{edge,edgy} }{ cases, here\\\})", R"(a{b{1,2}c)", R"(a{1,2}b}c)", R"(a{1,{2},3}b)", R"(a{b{1,2}c{}})", R"(more{ darn{ cowbell,},})", R"(ab{c,d\,e{f,g\h},i\,j{k,l\,m}n,o\,p}qr)", R"({a,{\,b}c)", R"(a{b,{{c}})", R"({a{\}b,c}d)", R"({a,b{{1,2}e}f)", R"({}} some }{,{\\{ edge, edge} \,}{ cases, {here} \\\\\})", R"({{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{)", }) { std::cout << string << '\n'; for (auto expansion : expand(string)) { std::cout << " " << expansion << '\n'; } std::cout << '\n'; } return 0; }
Can you help me rewrite this code in C++ instead of Go, keeping it the same logically?
package main import "fmt" const max = 12 var ( super []byte pos int cnt [max]int ) func factSum(n int) int { s := 0 for x, f := 0, 1; x < n; { x++ f *= x s += f } return s } func r(n int) bool { if n == 0 { return false } c := super[pos-n] cnt[n]-- if cnt[n] == 0 { cnt[n] = n if !r(n - 1) { return false } } super[pos] = c pos++ return true } func superperm(n int) { pos = n le := factSum(n) super = make([]byte, le) for i := 0; i <= n; i++ { cnt[i] = i } for i := 1; i <= n; i++ { super[i-1] = byte(i) + '0' } for r(n) { } } func main() { for n := 0; n < max; n++ { fmt.Printf("superperm(%2d) ", n) superperm(n) fmt.Printf("len = %d\n", len(super)) } }
#include <array> #include <iostream> #include <vector> constexpr int MAX = 12; static std::vector<char> sp; static std::array<int, MAX> count; static int pos = 0; int factSum(int n) { int s = 0; int x = 0; int f = 1; while (x < n) { f *= ++x; s += f; } return s; } bool r(int n) { if (n == 0) { return false; } char c = sp[pos - n]; if (--count[n] == 0) { count[n] = n; if (!r(n - 1)) { return false; } } sp[pos++] = c; return true; } void superPerm(int n) { pos = n; int len = factSum(n); if (len > 0) { sp.resize(len); } for (size_t i = 0; i <= n; i++) { count[i] = i; } for (size_t i = 1; i <= n; i++) { sp[i - 1] = '0' + i; } while (r(n)) {} } int main() { for (size_t n = 0; n < MAX; n++) { superPerm(n); std::cout << "superPerm(" << n << ") len = " << sp.size() << '\n'; } return 0; }
Preserve the algorithm and functionality while converting the code from Go to C++.
package main import ( "github.com/gotk3/gotk3/gtk" "log" "math/rand" "strconv" "time" ) func validateInput(window *gtk.Window, str string) (int64, bool) { i, err := strconv.ParseInt(str, 10, 64) if err != nil { dialog := gtk.MessageDialogNew( window, gtk.DIALOG_MODAL, gtk.MESSAGE_ERROR, gtk.BUTTONS_OK, "Invalid value", ) dialog.Run() dialog.Destroy() return 0, false } return i, true } func check(err error, msg string) { if err != nil { log.Fatal(msg, err) } } func main() { rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano()) gtk.Init(nil) window, err := gtk.WindowNew(gtk.WINDOW_TOPLEVEL) check(err, "Unable to create window:") window.SetTitle("Rosetta Code") window.SetPosition(gtk.WIN_POS_CENTER) window.Connect("destroy", func() { gtk.MainQuit() }) box, err := gtk.BoxNew(gtk.ORIENTATION_HORIZONTAL, 1) check(err, "Unable to create box:") box.SetBorderWidth(1) label, err := gtk.LabelNew("Value:") check(err, "Unable to create label:") entry, err := gtk.EntryNew() check(err, "Unable to create entry:") entry.SetText("0") entry.Connect("activate", func() { str, _ := entry.GetText() validateInput(window, str) }) ib, err := gtk.ButtonNewWithLabel("Increment") check(err, "Unable to create increment button:") ib.Connect("clicked", func() { str, _ := entry.GetText() if i, ok := validateInput(window, str); ok { entry.SetText(strconv.FormatInt(i+1, 10)) } }) rb, err := gtk.ButtonNewWithLabel("Random") check(err, "Unable to create random button:") rb.Connect("clicked", func() { dialog := gtk.MessageDialogNew( window, gtk.DIALOG_MODAL, gtk.MESSAGE_QUESTION, gtk.BUTTONS_YES_NO, "Set random value", ) answer := dialog.Run() dialog.Destroy() if answer == gtk.RESPONSE_YES { entry.SetText(strconv.Itoa(rand.Intn(10000))) } }) box.PackStart(label, false, false, 2) box.PackStart(entry, false, false, 2) box.PackStart(ib, false, false, 2) box.PackStart(rb, false, false, 2) window.Add(box) window.ShowAll() gtk.Main() }
#ifndef INTERACTION_H #define INTERACTION_H #include <QWidget> class QPushButton ; class QLineEdit ; class QVBoxLayout ; class MyWidget : public QWidget { Q_OBJECT public : MyWidget( QWidget *parent = 0 ) ; private : QLineEdit *entryField ; QPushButton *increaseButton ; QPushButton *randomButton ; QVBoxLayout *myLayout ; private slots : void doIncrement( ) ; void findRandomNumber( ) ; } ; #endif
Keep all operations the same but rewrite the snippet in C++.
package main import ( "bufio" "fmt" "io" "math/rand" "time" ) func choseLineRandomly(r io.Reader) (s string, ln int, err error) { br := bufio.NewReader(r) s, err = br.ReadString('\n') if err != nil { return } ln = 1 lnLast := 1. var sLast string for { sLast, err = br.ReadString('\n') if err == io.EOF { return s, ln, nil } if err != nil { break } lnLast++ if rand.Float64() < 1/lnLast { s = sLast ln = int(lnLast) } } return } func oneOfN(n int, file io.Reader) int { _, ln, err := choseLineRandomly(file) if err != nil { panic(err) } return ln } type simReader int func (r *simReader) Read(b []byte) (int, error) { if *r <= 0 { return 0, io.EOF } b[0] = '\n' *r-- return 1, nil } func main() { n := 10 freq := make([]int, n) rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano()) for times := 0; times < 1e6; times++ { sr := simReader(n) freq[oneOfN(n, &sr)-1]++ } fmt.Println(freq) }
#include <random> #include <iostream> #include <iterator> #include <algorithm> using namespace std; mt19937 engine; unsigned int one_of_n(unsigned int n) { unsigned int choice; for(unsigned int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { uniform_int_distribution<unsigned int> distribution(0, i); if(!distribution(engine)) choice = i; } return choice; } int main() { engine = mt19937(random_device()()); unsigned int results[10] = {0}; for(unsigned int i = 0; i < 1000000; ++i) results[one_of_n(10)]++; ostream_iterator<unsigned int> out_it(cout, " "); copy(results, results+10, out_it); cout << '\n'; }
Change the programming language of this snippet from Go to C++ without modifying what it does.
package main import ( "fmt" "strconv" ) func main() { var maxLen int var seqMaxLen [][]string for n := 1; n < 1e6; n++ { switch s := seq(n); { case len(s) == maxLen: seqMaxLen = append(seqMaxLen, s) case len(s) > maxLen: maxLen = len(s) seqMaxLen = [][]string{s} } } fmt.Println("Max sequence length:", maxLen) fmt.Println("Sequences:", len(seqMaxLen)) for _, seq := range seqMaxLen { fmt.Println("Sequence:") for _, t := range seq { fmt.Println(t) } } } func seq(n int) []string { s := strconv.Itoa(n) ss := []string{s} for { dSeq := sortD(s) d := dSeq[0] nd := 1 s = "" for i := 1; ; i++ { if i == len(dSeq) { s = fmt.Sprintf("%s%d%c", s, nd, d) break } if dSeq[i] == d { nd++ } else { s = fmt.Sprintf("%s%d%c", s, nd, d) d = dSeq[i] nd = 1 } } for _, s0 := range ss { if s == s0 { return ss } } ss = append(ss, s) } panic("unreachable") } func sortD(s string) []rune { r := make([]rune, len(s)) for i, d := range s { j := 0 for ; j < i; j++ { if d > r[j] { copy(r[j+1:], r[j:i]) break } } r[j] = d } return r }
#include <iostream> #include <string> #include <map> #include <vector> #include <algorithm> std::map<char, int> _map; std::vector<std::string> _result; size_t longest = 0; void make_sequence( std::string n ) { _map.clear(); for( std::string::iterator i = n.begin(); i != n.end(); i++ ) _map.insert( std::make_pair( *i, _map[*i]++ ) ); std::string z; for( std::map<char, int>::reverse_iterator i = _map.rbegin(); i != _map.rend(); i++ ) { char c = ( *i ).second + 48; z.append( 1, c ); z.append( 1, i->first ); } if( longest <= z.length() ) { longest = z.length(); if( std::find( _result.begin(), _result.end(), z ) == _result.end() ) { _result.push_back( z ); make_sequence( z ); } } } int main( int argc, char* argv[] ) { std::vector<std::string> tests; tests.push_back( "9900" ); tests.push_back( "9090" ); tests.push_back( "9009" ); for( std::vector<std::string>::iterator i = tests.begin(); i != tests.end(); i++ ) { make_sequence( *i ); std::cout << "[" << *i << "] Iterations: " << _result.size() + 1 << "\n"; for( std::vector<std::string>::iterator j = _result.begin(); j != _result.end(); j++ ) { std::cout << *j << "\n"; } std::cout << "\n\n"; } return 0; }
Keep all operations the same but rewrite the snippet in C++.
import ( "fmt" "strings" ) func main() { for _, n := range []int64{ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 11, 65, 100, 101, 272, 23456, 8007006005004003, } { fmt.Println(sayOrdinal(n)) } } var irregularOrdinals = map[string]string{ "one": "first", "two": "second", "three": "third", "five": "fifth", "eight": "eighth", "nine": "ninth", "twelve": "twelfth", } func sayOrdinal(n int64) string { s := say(n) i := strings.LastIndexAny(s, " -") i++ if x, ok := irregularOrdinals[s[i:]]; ok { s = s[:i] + x } else if s[len(s)-1] == 'y' { s = s[:i] + s[i:len(s)-1] + "ieth" } else { s = s[:i] + s[i:] + "th" } return s } var small = [...]string{"zero", "one", "two", "three", "four", "five", "six", "seven", "eight", "nine", "ten", "eleven", "twelve", "thirteen", "fourteen", "fifteen", "sixteen", "seventeen", "eighteen", "nineteen"} var tens = [...]string{"", "", "twenty", "thirty", "forty", "fifty", "sixty", "seventy", "eighty", "ninety"} var illions = [...]string{"", " thousand", " million", " billion", " trillion", " quadrillion", " quintillion"} func say(n int64) string { var t string if n < 0 { t = "negative " n = -n } switch { case n < 20: t += small[n] case n < 100: t += tens[n/10] s := n % 10 if s > 0 { t += "-" + small[s] } case n < 1000: t += small[n/100] + " hundred" s := n % 100 if s > 0 { t += " " + say(s) } default: sx := "" for i := 0; n > 0; i++ { p := n % 1000 n /= 1000 if p > 0 { ix := say(p) + illions[i] if sx != "" { ix += " " + sx } sx = ix } } t += sx } return t }
#include <iostream> #include <string> #include <cstdint> typedef std::uint64_t integer; struct number_names { const char* cardinal; const char* ordinal; }; const number_names small[] = { { "zero", "zeroth" }, { "one", "first" }, { "two", "second" }, { "three", "third" }, { "four", "fourth" }, { "five", "fifth" }, { "six", "sixth" }, { "seven", "seventh" }, { "eight", "eighth" }, { "nine", "ninth" }, { "ten", "tenth" }, { "eleven", "eleventh" }, { "twelve", "twelfth" }, { "thirteen", "thirteenth" }, { "fourteen", "fourteenth" }, { "fifteen", "fifteenth" }, { "sixteen", "sixteenth" }, { "seventeen", "seventeenth" }, { "eighteen", "eighteenth" }, { "nineteen", "nineteenth" } }; const number_names tens[] = { { "twenty", "twentieth" }, { "thirty", "thirtieth" }, { "forty", "fortieth" }, { "fifty", "fiftieth" }, { "sixty", "sixtieth" }, { "seventy", "seventieth" }, { "eighty", "eightieth" }, { "ninety", "ninetieth" } }; struct named_number { const char* cardinal; const char* ordinal; integer number; }; const named_number named_numbers[] = { { "hundred", "hundredth", 100 }, { "thousand", "thousandth", 1000 }, { "million", "millionth", 1000000 }, { "billion", "billionth", 1000000000 }, { "trillion", "trillionth", 1000000000000 }, { "quadrillion", "quadrillionth", 1000000000000000ULL }, { "quintillion", "quintillionth", 1000000000000000000ULL } }; const char* get_name(const number_names& n, bool ordinal) { return ordinal ? n.ordinal : n.cardinal; } const char* get_name(const named_number& n, bool ordinal) { return ordinal ? n.ordinal : n.cardinal; } const named_number& get_named_number(integer n) { constexpr size_t names_len = std::size(named_numbers); for (size_t i = 0; i + 1 < names_len; ++i) { if (n < named_numbers[i + 1].number) return named_numbers[i]; } return named_numbers[names_len - 1]; } std::string number_name(integer n, bool ordinal) { std::string result; if (n < 20) result = get_name(small[n], ordinal); else if (n < 100) { if (n % 10 == 0) { result = get_name(tens[n/10 - 2], ordinal); } else { result = get_name(tens[n/10 - 2], false); result += "-"; result += get_name(small[n % 10], ordinal); } } else { const named_number& num = get_named_number(n); integer p = num.number; result = number_name(n/p, false); result += " "; if (n % p == 0) { result += get_name(num, ordinal); } else { result += get_name(num, false); result += " "; result += number_name(n % p, ordinal); } } return result; } void test_ordinal(integer n) { std::cout << n << ": " << number_name(n, true) << '\n'; } int main() { test_ordinal(1); test_ordinal(2); test_ordinal(3); test_ordinal(4); test_ordinal(5); test_ordinal(11); test_ordinal(15); test_ordinal(21); test_ordinal(42); test_ordinal(65); test_ordinal(98); test_ordinal(100); test_ordinal(101); test_ordinal(272); test_ordinal(300); test_ordinal(750); test_ordinal(23456); test_ordinal(7891233); test_ordinal(8007006005004003LL); return 0; }
Write the same code in C++ as shown below in Go.
package main import ( "fmt" "strconv" "strings" ) func sdn(n int64) bool { if n >= 1e10 { return false } s := strconv.FormatInt(n, 10) for d, p := range s { if int(p)-'0' != strings.Count(s, strconv.Itoa(d)) { return false } } return true } func main() { for n := int64(0); n < 1e10; n++ { if sdn(n) { fmt.Println(n) } } }
#include <iostream> typedef unsigned long long bigint; using namespace std; class sdn { public: bool check( bigint n ) { int cc = digitsCount( n ); return compare( n, cc ); } void displayAll( bigint s ) { for( bigint y = 1; y < s; y++ ) if( check( y ) ) cout << y << " is a Self-Describing Number." << endl; } private: bool compare( bigint n, int cc ) { bigint a; while( cc ) { cc--; a = n % 10; if( dig[cc] != a ) return false; n -= a; n /= 10; } return true; } int digitsCount( bigint n ) { int cc = 0; bigint a; memset( dig, 0, sizeof( dig ) ); while( n ) { a = n % 10; dig[a]++; cc++ ; n -= a; n /= 10; } return cc; } int dig[10]; }; int main( int argc, char* argv[] ) { sdn s; s. displayAll( 1000000000000 ); cout << endl << endl; system( "pause" ); bigint n; while( true ) { system( "cls" ); cout << "Enter a positive whole number ( 0 to QUIT ): "; cin >> n; if( !n ) return 0; if( s.check( n ) ) cout << n << " is"; else cout << n << " is NOT"; cout << " a Self-Describing Number!" << endl << endl; system( "pause" ); } return 0; }
Produce a language-to-language conversion: from Go to C++, same semantics.
package main import "fmt" var example []int func reverse(s []int) { for i, j := 0, len(s)-1; i < j; i, j = i+1, j-1 { s[i], s[j] = s[j], s[i] } } func checkSeq(pos, n, minLen int, seq []int) (int, int) { switch { case pos > minLen || seq[0] > n: return minLen, 0 case seq[0] == n: example = seq return pos, 1 case pos < minLen: return tryPerm(0, pos, n, minLen, seq) default: return minLen, 0 } } func tryPerm(i, pos, n, minLen int, seq []int) (int, int) { if i > pos { return minLen, 0 } seq2 := make([]int, len(seq)+1) copy(seq2[1:], seq) seq2[0] = seq[0] + seq[i] res11, res12 := checkSeq(pos+1, n, minLen, seq2) res21, res22 := tryPerm(i+1, pos, n, res11, seq) switch { case res21 < res11: return res21, res22 case res21 == res11: return res21, res12 + res22 default: fmt.Println("Error in tryPerm") return 0, 0 } } func initTryPerm(x, minLen int) (int, int) { return tryPerm(0, 0, x, minLen, []int{1}) } func findBrauer(num, minLen, nbLimit int) { actualMin, brauer := initTryPerm(num, minLen) fmt.Println("\nN =", num) fmt.Printf("Minimum length of chains : L(%d) = %d\n", num, actualMin) fmt.Println("Number of minimum length Brauer chains :", brauer) if brauer > 0 { reverse(example) fmt.Println("Brauer example :", example) } example = nil if num <= nbLimit { nonBrauer := findNonBrauer(num, actualMin+1, brauer) fmt.Println("Number of minimum length non-Brauer chains :", nonBrauer) if nonBrauer > 0 { fmt.Println("Non-Brauer example :", example) } example = nil } else { println("Non-Brauer analysis suppressed") } } func isAdditionChain(a []int) bool { for i := 2; i < len(a); i++ { if a[i] > a[i-1]*2 { return false } ok := false jloop: for j := i - 1; j >= 0; j-- { for k := j; k >= 0; k-- { if a[j]+a[k] == a[i] { ok = true break jloop } } } if !ok { return false } } if example == nil && !isBrauer(a) { example = make([]int, len(a)) copy(example, a) } return true } func isBrauer(a []int) bool { for i := 2; i < len(a); i++ { ok := false for j := i - 1; j >= 0; j-- { if a[i-1]+a[j] == a[i] { ok = true break } } if !ok { return false } } return true } func nextChains(index, le int, seq []int, pcount *int) { for { if index < le-1 { nextChains(index+1, le, seq, pcount) } if seq[index]+le-1-index >= seq[le-1] { return } seq[index]++ for i := index + 1; i < le-1; i++ { seq[i] = seq[i-1] + 1 } if isAdditionChain(seq) { (*pcount)++ } } } func findNonBrauer(num, le, brauer int) int { seq := make([]int, le) seq[0] = 1 seq[le-1] = num for i := 1; i < le-1; i++ { seq[i] = seq[i-1] + 1 } count := 0 if isAdditionChain(seq) { count = 1 } nextChains(2, le, seq, &count) return count - brauer } func main() { nums := []int{7, 14, 21, 29, 32, 42, 64, 47, 79, 191, 382, 379} fmt.Println("Searching for Brauer chains up to a minimum length of 12:") for _, num := range nums { findBrauer(num, 12, 79) } }
#include <iostream> #include <tuple> #include <vector> std::pair<int, int> tryPerm(int, int, const std::vector<int>&, int, int); std::pair<int, int> checkSeq(int pos, const std::vector<int>& seq, int n, int minLen) { if (pos > minLen || seq[0] > n) return { minLen, 0 }; else if (seq[0] == n) return { pos, 1 }; else if (pos < minLen) return tryPerm(0, pos, seq, n, minLen); else return { minLen, 0 }; } std::pair<int, int> tryPerm(int i, int pos, const std::vector<int>& seq, int n, int minLen) { if (i > pos) return { minLen, 0 }; std::vector<int> seq2{ seq[0] + seq[i] }; seq2.insert(seq2.end(), seq.cbegin(), seq.cend()); auto res1 = checkSeq(pos + 1, seq2, n, minLen); auto res2 = tryPerm(i + 1, pos, seq, n, res1.first); if (res2.first < res1.first) return res2; else if (res2.first == res1.first) return { res2.first, res1.second + res2.second }; else throw std::runtime_error("tryPerm exception"); } std::pair<int, int> initTryPerm(int x) { return tryPerm(0, 0, { 1 }, x, 12); } void findBrauer(int num) { auto res = initTryPerm(num); std::cout << '\n'; std::cout << "N = " << num << '\n'; std::cout << "Minimum length of chains: L(n)= " << res.first << '\n'; std::cout << "Number of minimum length Brauer chains: " << res.second << '\n'; } int main() { std::vector<int> nums{ 7, 14, 21, 29, 32, 42, 64, 47, 79, 191, 382, 379 }; for (int i : nums) { findBrauer(i); } return 0; }
Translate the given Go code snippet into C++ without altering its behavior.
package main import "fmt" func main() { integers := []int{1_2_3, 0b1_0_1_0_1, 0xa_bc_d, 0o4_37, 0_43_7, 0x_beef} for _, integer := range integers { fmt.Printf("%d ", integer) } floats := []float64{1_2_3_4.2_5, 6.0_22e4, 0x_1.5p-2} for _, float := range floats { fmt.Printf("%g ", float) } fmt.Println() }
#include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { long long int a = 30'00'000; std::cout <<"And with the ' in C++ 14 : "<< a << endl; return 0; }
Rewrite the snippet below in C++ so it works the same as the original Go code.
package main import "fmt" func repeat(n int, f func()) { for i := 0; i < n; i++ { f() } } func fn() { fmt.Println("Example") } func main() { repeat(4, fn) }
template <typename Function> void repeat(Function f, unsigned int n) { for(unsigned int i=n; 0<i; i--) f(); }
Preserve the algorithm and functionality while converting the code from Go to C++.
package main import ( "bufio" "errors" "fmt" "math" "os" "regexp" "strconv" "strings" ) func main() { fmt.Println("Numbers please separated by space/commas:") sc := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin) sc.Scan() s, n, min, max, err := spark(sc.Text()) if err != nil { fmt.Println(err) return } if n == 1 { fmt.Println("1 value =", min) } else { fmt.Println(n, "values. Min:", min, "Max:", max) } fmt.Println(s) } var sep = regexp.MustCompile(`[\s,]+`) func spark(s0 string) (sp string, n int, min, max float64, err error) { ss := sep.Split(s0, -1) n = len(ss) vs := make([]float64, n) var v float64 min = math.Inf(1) max = math.Inf(-1) for i, s := range ss { switch v, err = strconv.ParseFloat(s, 64); { case err != nil: case math.IsNaN(v): err = errors.New("NaN not supported.") case math.IsInf(v, 0): err = errors.New("Inf not supported.") default: if v < min { min = v } if v > max { max = v } vs[i] = v continue } return } if min == max { sp = strings.Repeat("▄", n) } else { rs := make([]rune, n) f := 8 / (max - min) for j, v := range vs { i := rune(f * (v - min)) if i > 7 { i = 7 } rs[j] = '▁' + i } sp = string(rs) } return }
#include <iostream> #include <sstream> #include <vector> #include <cmath> #include <algorithm> #include <locale> class Sparkline { public: Sparkline(std::wstring &cs) : charset( cs ){ } virtual ~Sparkline(){ } void print(std::string spark){ const char *delim = ", "; std::vector<float> data; std::string::size_type last = spark.find_first_not_of(delim, 0); std::string::size_type pos = spark.find_first_of(delim, last); while( pos != std::string::npos || last != std::string::npos ){ std::string tok = spark.substr(last, pos-last); std::stringstream ss(tok); float entry; ss >> entry; data.push_back( entry ); last = spark.find_first_not_of(delim, pos); pos = spark.find_first_of(delim, last); } float min = *std::min_element( data.begin(), data.end() ); float max = *std::max_element( data.begin(), data.end() ); float skip = (charset.length()-1) / (max - min); std::wcout<<L"Min: "<<min<<L"; Max: "<<max<<L"; Range: "<<(max-min)<<std::endl; std::vector<float>::const_iterator it; for(it = data.begin(); it != data.end(); it++){ float v = ( (*it) - min ) * skip; std::wcout<<charset[ (int)floor( v ) ]; } std::wcout<<std::endl; } private: std::wstring &charset; }; int main( int argc, char **argv ){ std::wstring charset = L"\u2581\u2582\u2583\u2584\u2585\u2586\u2587\u2588"; std::locale::global(std::locale("en_US.utf8")); Sparkline sl(charset); sl.print("1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1"); sl.print("1.5, 0.5 3.5, 2.5 5.5, 4.5 7.5, 6.5"); return 0; }
Transform the following Go implementation into C++, maintaining the same output and logic.
package main import ( "fmt" "math/big" ) func main() { a := big.NewInt(42) m := big.NewInt(2017) k := new(big.Int).ModInverse(a, m) fmt.Println(k) }
#include <iostream> int mul_inv(int a, int b) { int b0 = b, t, q; int x0 = 0, x1 = 1; if (b == 1) return 1; while (a > 1) { q = a / b; t = b, b = a % b, a = t; t = x0, x0 = x1 - q * x0, x1 = t; } if (x1 < 0) x1 += b0; return x1; } int main(void) { std::cout << mul_inv(42, 2017) << std::endl; return 0; }
Preserve the algorithm and functionality while converting the code from Go to C++.
package main import ( "github.com/fogleman/gg" "math" ) func main() { dc := gg.NewContext(400, 400) dc.SetRGB(1, 1, 1) dc.Clear() dc.SetRGB(0, 0, 1) c := (math.Sqrt(5) + 1) / 2 numberOfSeeds := 3000 for i := 0; i <= numberOfSeeds; i++ { fi := float64(i) fn := float64(numberOfSeeds) r := math.Pow(fi, c) / fn angle := 2 * math.Pi * c * fi x := r*math.Sin(angle) + 200 y := r*math.Cos(angle) + 200 fi /= fn / 5 dc.DrawCircle(x, y, fi) } dc.SetLineWidth(1) dc.Stroke() dc.SavePNG("sunflower_fractal.png") }
#include <cmath> #include <fstream> #include <iostream> bool sunflower(const char* filename) { std::ofstream out(filename); if (!out) return false; constexpr int size = 600; constexpr int seeds = 5 * size; constexpr double pi = 3.14159265359; constexpr double phi = 1.61803398875; out << "<svg xmlns='http: out << "' height='" << size << "' style='stroke:gold'>\n"; out << "<rect width='100%' height='100%' fill='black'/>\n"; out << std::setprecision(2) << std::fixed; for (int i = 1; i <= seeds; ++i) { double r = 2 * std::pow(i, phi)/seeds; double theta = 2 * pi * phi * i; double x = r * std::sin(theta) + size/2; double y = r * std::cos(theta) + size/2; double radius = std::sqrt(i)/13; out << "<circle cx='" << x << "' cy='" << y << "' r='" << radius << "'/>\n"; } out << "</svg>\n"; return true; } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { if (argc != 2) { std::cerr << "usage: " << argv[0] << " filename\n"; return EXIT_FAILURE; } if (!sunflower(argv[1])) { std::cerr << "image generation failed\n"; return EXIT_FAILURE; } return EXIT_SUCCESS; }
Translate the given Go code snippet into C++ without altering its behavior.
#include <stdio.h> #include <limits.h> #define TRUE 1 #define FALSE 0 #define N_ROWS 5 #define N_COLS 5 typedef int bool; int supply[N_ROWS] = { 461, 277, 356, 488, 393 }; int demand[N_COLS] = { 278, 60, 461, 116, 1060 }; int costs[N_ROWS][N_COLS] = { { 46, 74, 9, 28, 99 }, { 12, 75, 6, 36, 48 }, { 35, 199, 4, 5, 71 }, { 61, 81, 44, 88, 9 }, { 85, 60, 14, 25, 79 } }; int main() { printf(" A B C D E\n"); for (i = 0; i < N_ROWS; ++i) { printf("%c", 'V' + i); for (j = 0; j < N_COLS; ++j) printf(" %3d", results[i][j]); printf("\n"); } printf("\nTotal cost = %d\n", total_cost); return 0; }
#include <iostream> #include <numeric> #include <vector> template <typename T> std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const std::vector<T> &v) { auto it = v.cbegin(); auto end = v.cend(); os << '['; if (it != end) { os << *it; it = std::next(it); } while (it != end) { os << ", " << *it; it = std::next(it); } return os << ']'; } std::vector<int> demand = { 30, 20, 70, 30, 60 }; std::vector<int> supply = { 50, 60, 50, 50 }; std::vector<std::vector<int>> costs = { {16, 16, 13, 22, 17}, {14, 14, 13, 19, 15}, {19, 19, 20, 23, 50}, {50, 12, 50, 15, 11} }; int nRows = supply.size(); int nCols = demand.size(); std::vector<bool> rowDone(nRows, false); std::vector<bool> colDone(nCols, false); std::vector<std::vector<int>> result(nRows, std::vector<int>(nCols, 0)); std::vector<int> diff(int j, int len, bool isRow) { int min1 = INT_MAX; int min2 = INT_MAX; int minP = -1; for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) { if (isRow ? colDone[i] : rowDone[i]) { continue; } int c = isRow ? costs[j][i] : costs[i][j]; if (c < min1) { min2 = min1; min1 = c; minP = i; } else if (c < min2) { min2 = c; } } return { min2 - min1, min1, minP }; } std::vector<int> maxPenalty(int len1, int len2, bool isRow) { int md = INT_MIN; int pc = -1; int pm = -1; int mc = -1; for (int i = 0; i < len1; i++) { if (isRow ? rowDone[i] : colDone[i]) { continue; } std::vector<int> res = diff(i, len2, isRow); if (res[0] > md) { md = res[0]; pm = i; mc = res[1]; pc = res[2]; } } return isRow ? std::vector<int> { pm, pc, mc, md } : std::vector<int>{ pc, pm, mc, md }; } std::vector<int> nextCell() { auto res1 = maxPenalty(nRows, nCols, true); auto res2 = maxPenalty(nCols, nRows, false); if (res1[3] == res2[3]) { return res1[2] < res2[2] ? res1 : res2; } return res1[3] > res2[3] ? res2 : res1; } int main() { int supplyLeft = std::accumulate(supply.cbegin(), supply.cend(), 0, [](int a, int b) { return a + b; }); int totalCost = 0; while (supplyLeft > 0) { auto cell = nextCell(); int r = cell[0]; int c = cell[1]; int quantity = std::min(demand[c], supply[r]); demand[c] -= quantity; if (demand[c] == 0) { colDone[c] = true; } supply[r] -= quantity; if (supply[r] == 0) { rowDone[r] = true; } result[r][c] = quantity; supplyLeft -= quantity; totalCost += quantity * costs[r][c]; } for (auto &a : result) { std::cout << a << '\n'; } std::cout << "Total cost: " << totalCost; return 0; }
Transform the following Go implementation into C++, maintaining the same output and logic.
package main import ( "fmt" "strconv" "strings" ) var atomicMass = map[string]float64{ "H": 1.008, "He": 4.002602, "Li": 6.94, "Be": 9.0121831, "B": 10.81, "C": 12.011, "N": 14.007, "O": 15.999, "F": 18.998403163, "Ne": 20.1797, "Na": 22.98976928, "Mg": 24.305, "Al": 26.9815385, "Si": 28.085, "P": 30.973761998, "S": 32.06, "Cl": 35.45, "Ar": 39.948, "K": 39.0983, "Ca": 40.078, "Sc": 44.955908, "Ti": 47.867, "V": 50.9415, "Cr": 51.9961, "Mn": 54.938044, "Fe": 55.845, "Co": 58.933194, "Ni": 58.6934, "Cu": 63.546, "Zn": 65.38, "Ga": 69.723, "Ge": 72.630, "As": 74.921595, "Se": 78.971, "Br": 79.904, "Kr": 83.798, "Rb": 85.4678, "Sr": 87.62, "Y": 88.90584, "Zr": 91.224, "Nb": 92.90637, "Mo": 95.95, "Ru": 101.07, "Rh": 102.90550, "Pd": 106.42, "Ag": 107.8682, "Cd": 112.414, "In": 114.818, "Sn": 118.710, "Sb": 121.760, "Te": 127.60, "I": 126.90447, "Xe": 131.293, "Cs": 132.90545196, "Ba": 137.327, "La": 138.90547, "Ce": 140.116, "Pr": 140.90766, "Nd": 144.242, "Pm": 145, "Sm": 150.36, "Eu": 151.964, "Gd": 157.25, "Tb": 158.92535, "Dy": 162.500, "Ho": 164.93033, "Er": 167.259, "Tm": 168.93422, "Yb": 173.054, "Lu": 174.9668, "Hf": 178.49, "Ta": 180.94788, "W": 183.84, "Re": 186.207, "Os": 190.23, "Ir": 192.217, "Pt": 195.084, "Au": 196.966569, "Hg": 200.592, "Tl": 204.38, "Pb": 207.2, "Bi": 208.98040, "Po": 209, "At": 210, "Rn": 222, "Fr": 223, "Ra": 226, "Ac": 227, "Th": 232.0377, "Pa": 231.03588, "U": 238.02891, "Np": 237, "Pu": 244, "Am": 243, "Cm": 247, "Bk": 247, "Cf": 251, "Es": 252, "Fm": 257, "Uue": 315, "Ubn": 299, } func replaceParens(s string) string { var letter byte = 'a' for { start := strings.IndexByte(s, '(') if start == -1 { break } restart: for i := start + 1; i < len(s); i++ { if s[i] == ')' { expr := s[start+1 : i] symbol := fmt.Sprintf("@%c", letter) s = strings.Replace(s, s[start:i+1], symbol, 1) atomicMass[symbol] = evaluate(expr) letter++ break } if s[i] == '(' { start = i goto restart } } } return s } func evaluate(s string) float64 { s += string('[') var symbol, number string sum := 0.0 for i := 0; i < len(s); i++ { c := s[i] switch { case c >= '@' && c <= '[': n := 1 if number != "" { n, _ = strconv.Atoi(number) } if symbol != "" { sum += atomicMass[symbol] * float64(n) } if c == '[' { break } symbol = string(c) number = "" case c >= 'a' && c <= 'z': symbol += string(c) case c >= '0' && c <= '9': number += string(c) default: panic(fmt.Sprintf("Unexpected symbol %c in molecule", c)) } } return sum } func main() { molecules := []string{ "H", "H2", "H2O", "H2O2", "(HO)2", "Na2SO4", "C6H12", "COOH(C(CH3)2)3CH3", "C6H4O2(OH)4", "C27H46O", "Uue", } for _, molecule := range molecules { mass := evaluate(replaceParens(molecule)) fmt.Printf("%17s -> %7.3f\n", molecule, mass) } }
#include <iomanip> #include <iostream> #include <map> #include <string> #include <vector> std::map<std::string, double> atomicMass = { {"H", 1.008}, {"He", 4.002602}, {"Li", 6.94}, {"Be", 9.0121831}, {"B", 10.81}, {"C", 12.011}, {"N", 14.007}, {"O", 15.999}, {"F", 18.998403163}, {"Ne", 20.1797}, {"Na", 22.98976928}, {"Mg", 24.305}, {"Al", 26.9815385}, {"Si", 28.085}, {"P", 30.973761998}, {"S", 32.06}, {"Cl", 35.45}, {"Ar", 39.948}, {"K", 39.0983}, {"Ca", 40.078}, {"Sc", 44.955908}, {"Ti", 47.867}, {"V", 50.9415}, {"Cr", 51.9961}, {"Mn", 54.938044}, {"Fe", 55.845}, {"Co", 58.933194}, {"Ni", 58.6934}, {"Cu", 63.546}, {"Zn", 65.38}, {"Ga", 69.723}, {"Ge", 72.630}, {"As", 74.921595}, {"Se", 78.971}, {"Br", 79.904}, {"Kr", 83.798}, {"Rb", 85.4678}, {"Sr", 87.62}, {"Y", 88.90584}, {"Zr", 91.224}, {"Nb", 92.90637}, {"Mo", 95.95}, {"Ru", 101.07}, {"Rh", 102.90550}, {"Pd", 106.42}, {"Ag", 107.8682}, {"Cd", 112.414}, {"In", 114.818}, {"Sn", 118.710}, {"Sb", 121.760}, {"Te", 127.60}, {"I", 126.90447}, {"Xe", 131.293}, {"Cs", 132.90545196}, {"Ba", 137.327}, {"La", 138.90547}, {"Ce", 140.116}, {"Pr", 140.90766}, {"Nd", 144.242}, {"Pm", 145}, {"Sm", 150.36}, {"Eu", 151.964}, {"Gd", 157.25}, {"Tb", 158.92535}, {"Dy", 162.500}, {"Ho", 164.93033}, {"Er", 167.259}, {"Tm", 168.93422}, {"Yb", 173.054}, {"Lu", 174.9668}, {"Hf", 178.49}, {"Ta", 180.94788}, {"W", 183.84}, {"Re", 186.207}, {"Os", 190.23}, {"Ir", 192.217}, {"Pt", 195.084}, {"Au", 196.966569}, {"Hg", 200.592}, {"Tl", 204.38}, {"Pb", 207.2}, {"Bi", 208.98040}, {"Po", 209}, {"At", 210}, {"Rn", 222}, {"Fr", 223}, {"Ra", 226}, {"Ac", 227}, {"Th", 232.0377}, {"Pa", 231.03588}, {"U", 238.02891}, {"Np", 237}, {"Pu", 244}, {"Am", 243}, {"Cm", 247}, {"Bk", 247}, {"Cf", 251}, {"Es", 252}, {"Fm", 257}, {"Uue", 315}, {"Ubn", 299}, }; double evaluate(std::string s) { s += '['; double sum = 0.0; std::string symbol; std::string number; for (auto c : s) { if ('@' <= c && c <= '[') { int n = 1; if (number != "") { n = stoi(number); } if (symbol != "") { sum += atomicMass[symbol] * n; } if (c == '[') { break; } symbol = c; number = ""; } else if ('a' <= c && c <= 'z') { symbol += c; } else if ('0' <= c && c <= '9') { number += c; } else { std::string msg = "Unexpected symbol "; msg += c; msg += " in molecule"; throw std::runtime_error(msg); } } return sum; } std::string replaceFirst(const std::string &text, const std::string &search, const std::string &replace) { auto pos = text.find(search); if (pos == std::string::npos) { return text; } auto beg = text.substr(0, pos); auto end = text.substr(pos + search.length()); return beg + replace + end; } std::string replaceParens(std::string s) { char letter = 'a'; while (true) { auto start = s.find("("); if (start == std::string::npos) { break; } for (size_t i = start + 1; i < s.length(); i++) { if (s[i] == ')') { auto expr = s.substr(start + 1, i - start - 1); std::string symbol = "@"; symbol += letter; auto search = s.substr(start, i + 1 - start); s = replaceFirst(s, search, symbol); atomicMass[symbol] = evaluate(expr); letter++; break; } if (s[i] == '(') { start = i; continue; } } } return s; } int main() { std::vector<std::string> molecules = { "H", "H2", "H2O", "H2O2", "(HO)2", "Na2SO4", "C6H12", "COOH(C(CH3)2)3CH3", "C6H4O2(OH)4", "C27H46O", "Uue" }; for (auto molecule : molecules) { auto mass = evaluate(replaceParens(molecule)); std::cout << std::setw(17) << molecule << " -> " << std::setw(7) << std::fixed << std::setprecision(3) << mass << '\n'; } return 0; }
Write the same code in C++ as shown below in Go.
package permute func Iter(p []int) func() int { f := pf(len(p)) return func() int { return f(p) } } func pf(n int) func([]int) int { sign := 1 switch n { case 0, 1: return func([]int) (s int) { s = sign sign = 0 return } default: p0 := pf(n - 1) i := n var d int return func(p []int) int { switch { case sign == 0: case i == n: i-- sign = p0(p[:i]) d = -1 case i == 0: i++ sign *= p0(p[1:]) d = 1 if sign == 0 { p[0], p[1] = p[1], p[0] } default: p[i], p[i-1] = p[i-1], p[i] sign = -sign i += d } return sign } } }
#include <iostream> #include <vector> using namespace std; vector<int> UpTo(int n, int offset = 0) { vector<int> retval(n); for (int ii = 0; ii < n; ++ii) retval[ii] = ii + offset; return retval; } struct JohnsonTrotterState_ { vector<int> values_; vector<int> positions_; vector<bool> directions_; int sign_; JohnsonTrotterState_(int n) : values_(UpTo(n, 1)), positions_(UpTo(n + 1, -1)), directions_(n + 1, false), sign_(1) {} int LargestMobile() const { for (int r = values_.size(); r > 0; --r) { const int loc = positions_[r] + (directions_[r] ? 1 : -1); if (loc >= 0 && loc < values_.size() && values_[loc] < r) return r; } return 0; } bool IsComplete() const { return LargestMobile() == 0; } void operator++() { const int r = LargestMobile(); const int rLoc = positions_[r]; const int lLoc = rLoc + (directions_[r] ? 1 : -1); const int l = values_[lLoc]; swap(values_[lLoc], values_[rLoc]); swap(positions_[l], positions_[r]); sign_ = -sign_; for (auto pd = directions_.begin() + r + 1; pd != directions_.end(); ++pd) *pd = !*pd; } }; int main(void) { JohnsonTrotterState_ state(4); do { for (auto v : state.values_) cout << v << " "; cout << "\n"; ++state; } while (!state.IsComplete()); }
Port the provided Go code into C++ while preserving the original functionality.
package main import "rcu" func main() { var res []int for n := 1; n <= 70; n++ { m := 1 for rcu.DigitSum(m*n, 10) != n { m++ } res = append(res, m) } rcu.PrintTable(res, 7, 10, true) }
#include <iomanip> #include <iostream> int digit_sum(int n) { int sum = 0; for (; n > 0; n /= 10) sum += n % 10; return sum; } int main() { for (int n = 1; n <= 70; ++n) { for (int m = 1;; ++m) { if (digit_sum(m * n) == n) { std::cout << std::setw(8) << m << (n % 10 == 0 ? '\n' : ' '); break; } } } }
Please provide an equivalent version of this Go code in C++.
package main import "rcu" func main() { var res []int for n := 1; n <= 70; n++ { m := 1 for rcu.DigitSum(m*n, 10) != n { m++ } res = append(res, m) } rcu.PrintTable(res, 7, 10, true) }
#include <iomanip> #include <iostream> int digit_sum(int n) { int sum = 0; for (; n > 0; n /= 10) sum += n % 10; return sum; } int main() { for (int n = 1; n <= 70; ++n) { for (int m = 1;; ++m) { if (digit_sum(m * n) == n) { std::cout << std::setw(8) << m << (n % 10 == 0 ? '\n' : ' '); break; } } } }
Rewrite the snippet below in C++ so it works the same as the original Go code.
package main import "fmt" const ( N = 2200 N2 = N * N * 2 ) func main() { s := 3 var s1, s2 int var r [N + 1]bool var ab [N2 + 1]bool for a := 1; a <= N; a++ { a2 := a * a for b := a; b <= N; b++ { ab[a2 + b * b] = true } } for c := 1; c <= N; c++ { s1 = s s += 2 s2 = s for d := c + 1; d <= N; d++ { if ab[s1] { r[d] = true } s1 += s2 s2 += 2 } } for d := 1; d <= N; d++ { if !r[d] { fmt.Printf("%d ", d) } } fmt.Println() }
#include <iostream> #include <vector> constexpr int N = 2200; constexpr int N2 = 2 * N * N; int main() { using namespace std; vector<bool> found(N + 1); vector<bool> aabb(N2 + 1); int s = 3; for (int a = 1; a < N; ++a) { int aa = a * a; for (int b = 1; b < N; ++b) { aabb[aa + b * b] = true; } } for (int c = 1; c <= N; ++c) { int s1 = s; s += 2; int s2 = s; for (int d = c + 1; d <= N; ++d) { if (aabb[s1]) { found[d] = true; } s1 += s2; s2 += 2; } } cout << "The values of d <= " << N << " which can't be represented:" << endl; for (int d = 1; d <= N; ++d) { if (!found[d]) { cout << d << " "; } } cout << endl; return 0; }
Generate a C++ translation of this Go snippet without changing its computational steps.
package main import ( "fmt" "rcu" "strconv" "strings" ) func contains(list []int, s int) bool { for _, e := range list { if e == s { return true } } return false } func main() { fmt.Println("Steady squares under 10,000:") finalDigits := []int{1, 5, 6} for i := 1; i < 10000; i++ { if !contains(finalDigits, i%10) { continue } sq := i * i sqs := strconv.Itoa(sq) is := strconv.Itoa(i) if strings.HasSuffix(sqs, is) { fmt.Printf("%5s -> %10s\n", rcu.Commatize(i), rcu.Commatize(sq)) } } }
#include <iostream> using namespace std; bool steady(int n) { int mask = 1; for (int d = n; d != 0; d /= 10) mask *= 10; return (n * n) % mask == n; } int main() { for (int i = 1; i < 10000; i++) if (steady(i)) printf("%4d^2 = %8d\n", i, i * i); }
Keep all operations the same but rewrite the snippet in C++.
package main import "fmt" func random(seed int) int { return seed * seed / 1e3 % 1e6 } func main() { seed := 675248 for i := 1; i <= 5; i++ { seed = random(seed) fmt.Println(seed) } }
#include <exception> #include <iostream> using ulong = unsigned long; class MiddleSquare { private: ulong state; ulong div, mod; public: MiddleSquare() = delete; MiddleSquare(ulong start, ulong length) { if (length % 2) throw std::invalid_argument("length must be even"); div = mod = 1; for (ulong i=0; i<length/2; i++) div *= 10; for (ulong i=0; i<length; i++) mod *= 10; state = start % mod; } ulong next() { return state = state * state / div % mod; } }; int main() { MiddleSquare msq(675248, 6); for (int i=0; i<5; i++) std::cout << msq.next() << std::endl; return 0; }
Rewrite this program in C++ while keeping its functionality equivalent to the Go version.
package main import "fmt" func random(seed int) int { return seed * seed / 1e3 % 1e6 } func main() { seed := 675248 for i := 1; i <= 5; i++ { seed = random(seed) fmt.Println(seed) } }
#include <exception> #include <iostream> using ulong = unsigned long; class MiddleSquare { private: ulong state; ulong div, mod; public: MiddleSquare() = delete; MiddleSquare(ulong start, ulong length) { if (length % 2) throw std::invalid_argument("length must be even"); div = mod = 1; for (ulong i=0; i<length/2; i++) div *= 10; for (ulong i=0; i<length; i++) mod *= 10; state = start % mod; } ulong next() { return state = state * state / div % mod; } }; int main() { MiddleSquare msq(675248, 6); for (int i=0; i<5; i++) std::cout << msq.next() << std::endl; return 0; }
Please provide an equivalent version of this Go code in C++.
package main import( "math" "fmt" ) func minOf(x, y uint) uint { if x < y { return x } return y } func throwDie(nSides, nDice, s uint, counts []uint) { if nDice == 0 { counts[s]++ return } for i := uint(1); i <= nSides; i++ { throwDie(nSides, nDice - 1, s + i, counts) } } func beatingProbability(nSides1, nDice1, nSides2, nDice2 uint) float64 { len1 := (nSides1 + 1) * nDice1 c1 := make([]uint, len1) throwDie(nSides1, nDice1, 0, c1) len2 := (nSides2 + 1) * nDice2 c2 := make([]uint, len2) throwDie(nSides2, nDice2, 0, c2) p12 := math.Pow(float64(nSides1), float64(nDice1)) * math.Pow(float64(nSides2), float64(nDice2)) tot := 0.0 for i := uint(0); i < len1; i++ { for j := uint(0); j < minOf(i, len2); j++ { tot += float64(c1[i] * c2[j]) / p12 } } return tot } func main() { fmt.Println(beatingProbability(4, 9, 6, 6)) fmt.Println(beatingProbability(10, 5, 7, 6)) }
#include <cmath> #include <cstdint> #include <iomanip> #include <iostream> #include <map> std::map<uint32_t, uint32_t> get_totals(uint32_t dice, uint32_t faces) { std::map<uint32_t, uint32_t> result; for (uint32_t i = 1; i <= faces; ++i) result.emplace(i, 1); for (uint32_t d = 2; d <= dice; ++d) { std::map<uint32_t, uint32_t> tmp; for (const auto& p : result) { for (uint32_t i = 1; i <= faces; ++i) tmp[p.first + i] += p.second; } tmp.swap(result); } return result; } double probability(uint32_t dice1, uint32_t faces1, uint32_t dice2, uint32_t faces2) { auto totals1 = get_totals(dice1, faces1); auto totals2 = get_totals(dice2, faces2); double wins = 0; for (const auto& p1 : totals1) { for (const auto& p2 : totals2) { if (p2.first >= p1.first) break; wins += p1.second * p2.second; } } double total = std::pow(faces1, dice1) * std::pow(faces2, dice2); return wins/total; } int main() { std::cout << std::setprecision(10); std::cout << probability(9, 4, 6, 6) << '\n'; std::cout << probability(5, 10, 6, 7) << '\n'; return 0; }
Write the same algorithm in C++ as shown in this Go implementation.
package main import "fmt" func main() { x := 2. xi := .5 y := 4. yi := .25 z := x + y zi := 1 / (x + y) numbers := []float64{x, y, z} inverses := []float64{xi, yi, zi} mfs := make([]func(float64) float64, len(numbers)) for i := range mfs { mfs[i] = multiplier(numbers[i], inverses[i]) } for _, mf := range mfs { fmt.Println(mf(1)) } } func multiplier(n1, n2 float64) func(float64) float64 { n1n2 := n1 * n2 return func(m float64) float64 { return n1n2 * m } }
#include <array> #include <iostream> int main() { double x = 2.0; double xi = 0.5; double y = 4.0; double yi = 0.25; double z = x + y; double zi = 1.0 / ( x + y ); const std::array values{x, y, z}; const std::array inverses{xi, yi, zi}; auto multiplier = [](double a, double b) { return [=](double m){return a * b * m;}; }; for(size_t i = 0; i < values.size(); ++i) { auto new_function = multiplier(values[i], inverses[i]); double value = new_function(i + 1.0); std::cout << value << "\n"; } }
Port the provided Go code into C++ while preserving the original functionality.
package main import "fmt" func main() { x := 2. xi := .5 y := 4. yi := .25 z := x + y zi := 1 / (x + y) numbers := []float64{x, y, z} inverses := []float64{xi, yi, zi} mfs := make([]func(float64) float64, len(numbers)) for i := range mfs { mfs[i] = multiplier(numbers[i], inverses[i]) } for _, mf := range mfs { fmt.Println(mf(1)) } } func multiplier(n1, n2 float64) func(float64) float64 { n1n2 := n1 * n2 return func(m float64) float64 { return n1n2 * m } }
#include <array> #include <iostream> int main() { double x = 2.0; double xi = 0.5; double y = 4.0; double yi = 0.25; double z = x + y; double zi = 1.0 / ( x + y ); const std::array values{x, y, z}; const std::array inverses{xi, yi, zi}; auto multiplier = [](double a, double b) { return [=](double m){return a * b * m;}; }; for(size_t i = 0; i < values.size(); ++i) { auto new_function = multiplier(values[i], inverses[i]); double value = new_function(i + 1.0); std::cout << value << "\n"; } }
Preserve the algorithm and functionality while converting the code from Go to C++.
package main import ( "fmt" "strings" ) func main() { level := ` ####### # # # # #. # # #. $$ # #.$$ # #.# @# #######` fmt.Printf("level:%s\n", level) fmt.Printf("solution:\n%s\n", solve(level)) } func solve(board string) string { buffer = make([]byte, len(board)) width := strings.Index(board[1:], "\n") + 1 dirs := []struct { move, push string dPos int }{ {"u", "U", -width}, {"r", "R", 1}, {"d", "D", width}, {"l", "L", -1}, } visited := map[string]bool{board: true} open := []state{state{board, "", strings.Index(board, "@")}} for len(open) > 0 { s1 := &open[0] open = open[1:] for _, dir := range dirs { var newBoard, newSol string newPos := s1.pos + dir.dPos switch s1.board[newPos] { case '$', '*': newBoard = s1.push(dir.dPos) if newBoard == "" || visited[newBoard] { continue } newSol = s1.cSol + dir.push if strings.IndexAny(newBoard, ".+") < 0 { return newSol } case ' ', '.': newBoard = s1.move(dir.dPos) if visited[newBoard] { continue } newSol = s1.cSol + dir.move default: continue } open = append(open, state{newBoard, newSol, newPos}) visited[newBoard] = true } } return "No solution" } type state struct { board string cSol string pos int } var buffer []byte func (s *state) move(dPos int) string { copy(buffer, s.board) if buffer[s.pos] == '@' { buffer[s.pos] = ' ' } else { buffer[s.pos] = '.' } newPos := s.pos + dPos if buffer[newPos] == ' ' { buffer[newPos] = '@' } else { buffer[newPos] = '+' } return string(buffer) } func (s *state) push(dPos int) string { newPos := s.pos + dPos boxPos := newPos + dPos switch s.board[boxPos] { case ' ', '.': default: return "" } copy(buffer, s.board) if buffer[s.pos] == '@' { buffer[s.pos] = ' ' } else { buffer[s.pos] = '.' } if buffer[newPos] == '$' { buffer[newPos] = '@' } else { buffer[newPos] = '+' } if buffer[boxPos] == ' ' { buffer[boxPos] = '$' } else { buffer[boxPos] = '*' } return string(buffer) }
#include <iostream> #include <string> #include <vector> #include <queue> #include <regex> #include <tuple> #include <set> #include <array> using namespace std; class Board { public: vector<vector<char>> sData, dData; int px, py; Board(string b) { regex pattern("([^\\n]+)\\n?"); sregex_iterator end, iter(b.begin(), b.end(), pattern); int w = 0; vector<string> data; for(; iter != end; ++iter){ data.push_back((*iter)[1]); w = max(w, (*iter)[1].length()); } for(int v = 0; v < data.size(); ++v){ vector<char> sTemp, dTemp; for(int u = 0; u < w; ++u){ if(u > data[v].size()){ sTemp.push_back(' '); dTemp.push_back(' '); }else{ char s = ' ', d = ' ', c = data[v][u]; if(c == '#') s = '#'; else if(c == '.' || c == '*' || c == '+') s = '.'; if(c == '@' || c == '+'){ d = '@'; px = u; py = v; }else if(c == '$' || c == '*') d = '*'; sTemp.push_back(s); dTemp.push_back(d); } } sData.push_back(sTemp); dData.push_back(dTemp); } } bool move(int x, int y, int dx, int dy, vector<vector<char>> &data) { if(sData[y+dy][x+dx] == '#' || data[y+dy][x+dx] != ' ') return false; data[y][x] = ' '; data[y+dy][x+dx] = '@'; return true; } bool push(int x, int y, int dx, int dy, vector<vector<char>> &data) { if(sData[y+2*dy][x+2*dx] == '#' || data[y+2*dy][x+2*dx] != ' ') return false; data[y][x] = ' '; data[y+dy][x+dx] = '@'; data[y+2*dy][x+2*dx] = '*'; return true; } bool isSolved(const vector<vector<char>> &data) { for(int v = 0; v < data.size(); ++v) for(int u = 0; u < data[v].size(); ++u) if((sData[v][u] == '.') ^ (data[v][u] == '*')) return false; return true; } string solve() { set<vector<vector<char>>> visited; queue<tuple<vector<vector<char>>, string, int, int>> open; open.push(make_tuple(dData, "", px, py)); visited.insert(dData); array<tuple<int, int, char, char>, 4> dirs; dirs[0] = make_tuple(0, -1, 'u', 'U'); dirs[1] = make_tuple(1, 0, 'r', 'R'); dirs[2] = make_tuple(0, 1, 'd', 'D'); dirs[3] = make_tuple(-1, 0, 'l', 'L'); while(open.size() > 0){ vector<vector<char>> temp, cur = get<0>(open.front()); string cSol = get<1>(open.front()); int x = get<2>(open.front()); int y = get<3>(open.front()); open.pop(); for(int i = 0; i < 4; ++i){ temp = cur; int dx = get<0>(dirs[i]); int dy = get<1>(dirs[i]); if(temp[y+dy][x+dx] == '*'){ if(push(x, y, dx, dy, temp) && (visited.find(temp) == visited.end())){ if(isSolved(temp)) return cSol + get<3>(dirs[i]); open.push(make_tuple(temp, cSol + get<3>(dirs[i]), x+dx, y+dy)); visited.insert(temp); } }else if(move(x, y, dx, dy, temp) && (visited.find(temp) == visited.end())){ if(isSolved(temp)) return cSol + get<2>(dirs[i]); open.push(make_tuple(temp, cSol + get<2>(dirs[i]), x+dx, y+dy)); visited.insert(temp); } } } return "No solution"; } }; int main() { string level = "#######\n" "# #\n" "# #\n" "#. # #\n" "#. $$ #\n" "#.$$ #\n" "#.# @#\n" "#######"; Board b(level); cout << level << endl << endl << b.solve() << endl; return 0; }
Can you help me rewrite this code in C++ instead of Go, keeping it the same logically?
package main import ( "fmt" "math/big" "strings" ) func factorial(n int64) *big.Int { var z big.Int return z.MulRange(1, n) } var one = big.NewInt(1) var three = big.NewInt(3) var six = big.NewInt(6) var ten = big.NewInt(10) var seventy = big.NewInt(70) func almkvistGiullera(n int64, print bool) *big.Rat { t1 := big.NewInt(32) t1.Mul(factorial(6*n), t1) t2 := big.NewInt(532*n*n + 126*n + 9) t3 := new(big.Int) t3.Exp(factorial(n), six, nil) t3.Mul(t3, three) ip := new(big.Int) ip.Mul(t1, t2) ip.Quo(ip, t3) pw := 6*n + 3 t1.SetInt64(pw) tm := new(big.Rat).SetFrac(ip, t1.Exp(ten, t1, nil)) if print { fmt.Printf("%d %44d %3d  %-35s\n", n, ip, -pw, tm.FloatString(33)) } return tm } func main() { fmt.Println("N Integer Portion Pow Nth Term (33 dp)") fmt.Println(strings.Repeat("-", 89)) for n := int64(0); n < 10; n++ { almkvistGiullera(n, true) } sum := new(big.Rat) prev := new(big.Rat) pow70 := new(big.Int).Exp(ten, seventy, nil) prec := new(big.Rat).SetFrac(one, pow70) n := int64(0) for { term := almkvistGiullera(n, false) sum.Add(sum, term) z := new(big.Rat).Sub(sum, prev) z.Abs(z) if z.Cmp(prec) < 0 { break } prev.Set(sum) n++ } sum.Inv(sum) pi := new(big.Float).SetPrec(256).SetRat(sum) pi.Sqrt(pi) fmt.Println("\nPi to 70 decimal places is:") fmt.Println(pi.Text('f', 70)) }
#include <boost/multiprecision/cpp_dec_float.hpp> #include <boost/multiprecision/gmp.hpp> #include <iomanip> #include <iostream> namespace mp = boost::multiprecision; using big_int = mp::mpz_int; using big_float = mp::cpp_dec_float_100; using rational = mp::mpq_rational; big_int factorial(int n) { big_int result = 1; for (int i = 2; i <= n; ++i) result *= i; return result; } big_int almkvist_giullera(int n) { return factorial(6 * n) * 32 * (532 * n * n + 126 * n + 9) / (pow(factorial(n), 6) * 3); } int main() { std::cout << "n | Integer portion of nth term\n" << "------------------------------------------------\n"; for (int n = 0; n < 10; ++n) std::cout << n << " | " << std::setw(44) << almkvist_giullera(n) << '\n'; big_float epsilon(pow(big_float(10), -70)); big_float prev = 0, pi = 0; rational sum = 0; for (int n = 0;; ++n) { rational term(almkvist_giullera(n), pow(big_int(10), 6 * n + 3)); sum += term; pi = sqrt(big_float(1 / sum)); if (abs(pi - prev) < epsilon) break; prev = pi; } std::cout << "\nPi to 70 decimal places is:\n" << std::fixed << std::setprecision(70) << pi << '\n'; }
Convert the following code from Go to C++, ensuring the logic remains intact.
package main import ( "fmt" "math/big" "strings" ) func factorial(n int64) *big.Int { var z big.Int return z.MulRange(1, n) } var one = big.NewInt(1) var three = big.NewInt(3) var six = big.NewInt(6) var ten = big.NewInt(10) var seventy = big.NewInt(70) func almkvistGiullera(n int64, print bool) *big.Rat { t1 := big.NewInt(32) t1.Mul(factorial(6*n), t1) t2 := big.NewInt(532*n*n + 126*n + 9) t3 := new(big.Int) t3.Exp(factorial(n), six, nil) t3.Mul(t3, three) ip := new(big.Int) ip.Mul(t1, t2) ip.Quo(ip, t3) pw := 6*n + 3 t1.SetInt64(pw) tm := new(big.Rat).SetFrac(ip, t1.Exp(ten, t1, nil)) if print { fmt.Printf("%d %44d %3d  %-35s\n", n, ip, -pw, tm.FloatString(33)) } return tm } func main() { fmt.Println("N Integer Portion Pow Nth Term (33 dp)") fmt.Println(strings.Repeat("-", 89)) for n := int64(0); n < 10; n++ { almkvistGiullera(n, true) } sum := new(big.Rat) prev := new(big.Rat) pow70 := new(big.Int).Exp(ten, seventy, nil) prec := new(big.Rat).SetFrac(one, pow70) n := int64(0) for { term := almkvistGiullera(n, false) sum.Add(sum, term) z := new(big.Rat).Sub(sum, prev) z.Abs(z) if z.Cmp(prec) < 0 { break } prev.Set(sum) n++ } sum.Inv(sum) pi := new(big.Float).SetPrec(256).SetRat(sum) pi.Sqrt(pi) fmt.Println("\nPi to 70 decimal places is:") fmt.Println(pi.Text('f', 70)) }
#include <boost/multiprecision/cpp_dec_float.hpp> #include <boost/multiprecision/gmp.hpp> #include <iomanip> #include <iostream> namespace mp = boost::multiprecision; using big_int = mp::mpz_int; using big_float = mp::cpp_dec_float_100; using rational = mp::mpq_rational; big_int factorial(int n) { big_int result = 1; for (int i = 2; i <= n; ++i) result *= i; return result; } big_int almkvist_giullera(int n) { return factorial(6 * n) * 32 * (532 * n * n + 126 * n + 9) / (pow(factorial(n), 6) * 3); } int main() { std::cout << "n | Integer portion of nth term\n" << "------------------------------------------------\n"; for (int n = 0; n < 10; ++n) std::cout << n << " | " << std::setw(44) << almkvist_giullera(n) << '\n'; big_float epsilon(pow(big_float(10), -70)); big_float prev = 0, pi = 0; rational sum = 0; for (int n = 0;; ++n) { rational term(almkvist_giullera(n), pow(big_int(10), 6 * n + 3)); sum += term; pi = sqrt(big_float(1 / sum)); if (abs(pi - prev) < epsilon) break; prev = pi; } std::cout << "\nPi to 70 decimal places is:\n" << std::fixed << std::setprecision(70) << pi << '\n'; }
Maintain the same structure and functionality when rewriting this code in C++.
package main import ( "fmt" "rcu" ) func powerset(set []int) [][]int { if len(set) == 0 { return [][]int{{}} } head := set[0] tail := set[1:] p1 := powerset(tail) var p2 [][]int for _, s := range powerset(tail) { h := []int{head} h = append(h, s...) p2 = append(p2, h) } return append(p1, p2...) } func isPractical(n int) bool { if n == 1 { return true } divs := rcu.ProperDivisors(n) subsets := powerset(divs) found := make([]bool, n) count := 0 for _, subset := range subsets { sum := rcu.SumInts(subset) if sum > 0 && sum < n && !found[sum] { found[sum] = true count++ if count == n-1 { return true } } } return false } func main() { fmt.Println("In the range 1..333, there are:") var practical []int for i := 1; i <= 333; i++ { if isPractical(i) { practical = append(practical, i) } } fmt.Println(" ", len(practical), "practical numbers") fmt.Println(" The first ten are", practical[0:10]) fmt.Println(" The final ten are", practical[len(practical)-10:]) fmt.Println("\n666 is practical:", isPractical(666)) }
#include <algorithm> #include <iostream> #include <numeric> #include <sstream> #include <vector> template <typename iterator> bool sum_of_any_subset(int n, iterator begin, iterator end) { if (begin == end) return false; if (std::find(begin, end, n) != end) return true; int total = std::accumulate(begin, end, 0); if (n == total) return true; if (n > total) return false; --end; int d = n - *end; return (d > 0 && sum_of_any_subset(d, begin, end)) || sum_of_any_subset(n, begin, end); } std::vector<int> factors(int n) { std::vector<int> f{1}; for (int i = 2; i * i <= n; ++i) { if (n % i == 0) { f.push_back(i); if (i * i != n) f.push_back(n / i); } } std::sort(f.begin(), f.end()); return f; } bool is_practical(int n) { std::vector<int> f = factors(n); for (int i = 1; i < n; ++i) { if (!sum_of_any_subset(i, f.begin(), f.end())) return false; } return true; } std::string shorten(const std::vector<int>& v, size_t n) { std::ostringstream out; size_t size = v.size(), i = 0; if (n > 0 && size > 0) out << v[i++]; for (; i < n && i < size; ++i) out << ", " << v[i]; if (size > i + n) { out << ", ..."; i = size - n; } for (; i < size; ++i) out << ", " << v[i]; return out.str(); } int main() { std::vector<int> practical; for (int n = 1; n <= 333; ++n) { if (is_practical(n)) practical.push_back(n); } std::cout << "Found " << practical.size() << " practical numbers:\n" << shorten(practical, 10) << '\n'; for (int n : {666, 6666, 66666, 672, 720, 222222}) std::cout << n << " is " << (is_practical(n) ? "" : "not ") << "a practical number.\n"; return 0; }
Transform the following Go implementation into C++, maintaining the same output and logic.
package main import ( "fmt" "rcu" ) func powerset(set []int) [][]int { if len(set) == 0 { return [][]int{{}} } head := set[0] tail := set[1:] p1 := powerset(tail) var p2 [][]int for _, s := range powerset(tail) { h := []int{head} h = append(h, s...) p2 = append(p2, h) } return append(p1, p2...) } func isPractical(n int) bool { if n == 1 { return true } divs := rcu.ProperDivisors(n) subsets := powerset(divs) found := make([]bool, n) count := 0 for _, subset := range subsets { sum := rcu.SumInts(subset) if sum > 0 && sum < n && !found[sum] { found[sum] = true count++ if count == n-1 { return true } } } return false } func main() { fmt.Println("In the range 1..333, there are:") var practical []int for i := 1; i <= 333; i++ { if isPractical(i) { practical = append(practical, i) } } fmt.Println(" ", len(practical), "practical numbers") fmt.Println(" The first ten are", practical[0:10]) fmt.Println(" The final ten are", practical[len(practical)-10:]) fmt.Println("\n666 is practical:", isPractical(666)) }
#include <algorithm> #include <iostream> #include <numeric> #include <sstream> #include <vector> template <typename iterator> bool sum_of_any_subset(int n, iterator begin, iterator end) { if (begin == end) return false; if (std::find(begin, end, n) != end) return true; int total = std::accumulate(begin, end, 0); if (n == total) return true; if (n > total) return false; --end; int d = n - *end; return (d > 0 && sum_of_any_subset(d, begin, end)) || sum_of_any_subset(n, begin, end); } std::vector<int> factors(int n) { std::vector<int> f{1}; for (int i = 2; i * i <= n; ++i) { if (n % i == 0) { f.push_back(i); if (i * i != n) f.push_back(n / i); } } std::sort(f.begin(), f.end()); return f; } bool is_practical(int n) { std::vector<int> f = factors(n); for (int i = 1; i < n; ++i) { if (!sum_of_any_subset(i, f.begin(), f.end())) return false; } return true; } std::string shorten(const std::vector<int>& v, size_t n) { std::ostringstream out; size_t size = v.size(), i = 0; if (n > 0 && size > 0) out << v[i++]; for (; i < n && i < size; ++i) out << ", " << v[i]; if (size > i + n) { out << ", ..."; i = size - n; } for (; i < size; ++i) out << ", " << v[i]; return out.str(); } int main() { std::vector<int> practical; for (int n = 1; n <= 333; ++n) { if (is_practical(n)) practical.push_back(n); } std::cout << "Found " << practical.size() << " practical numbers:\n" << shorten(practical, 10) << '\n'; for (int n : {666, 6666, 66666, 672, 720, 222222}) std::cout << n << " is " << (is_practical(n) ? "" : "not ") << "a practical number.\n"; return 0; }
Write the same code in C++ as shown below in Go.
package main import ( "fmt" "rcu" ) const LIMIT = 999999 var primes = rcu.Primes(LIMIT) func longestSeq(dir string) { pd := 0 longSeqs := [][]int{{2}} currSeq := []int{2} for i := 1; i < len(primes); i++ { d := primes[i] - primes[i-1] if (dir == "ascending" && d <= pd) || (dir == "descending" && d >= pd) { if len(currSeq) > len(longSeqs[0]) { longSeqs = [][]int{currSeq} } else if len(currSeq) == len(longSeqs[0]) { longSeqs = append(longSeqs, currSeq) } currSeq = []int{primes[i-1], primes[i]} } else { currSeq = append(currSeq, primes[i]) } pd = d } if len(currSeq) > len(longSeqs[0]) { longSeqs = [][]int{currSeq} } else if len(currSeq) == len(longSeqs[0]) { longSeqs = append(longSeqs, currSeq) } fmt.Println("Longest run(s) of primes with", dir, "differences is", len(longSeqs[0]), ":") for _, ls := range longSeqs { var diffs []int for i := 1; i < len(ls); i++ { diffs = append(diffs, ls[i]-ls[i-1]) } for i := 0; i < len(ls)-1; i++ { fmt.Print(ls[i], " (", diffs[i], ") ") } fmt.Println(ls[len(ls)-1]) } fmt.Println() } func main() { fmt.Println("For primes < 1 million:\n") for _, dir := range []string{"ascending", "descending"} { longestSeq(dir) } }
#include <cstdint> #include <iostream> #include <vector> #include <primesieve.hpp> void print_diffs(const std::vector<uint64_t>& vec) { for (size_t i = 0, n = vec.size(); i != n; ++i) { if (i != 0) std::cout << " (" << vec[i] - vec[i - 1] << ") "; std::cout << vec[i]; } std::cout << '\n'; } int main() { std::cout.imbue(std::locale("")); std::vector<uint64_t> asc, desc; std::vector<std::vector<uint64_t>> max_asc, max_desc; size_t max_asc_len = 0, max_desc_len = 0; uint64_t prime; const uint64_t limit = 1000000; for (primesieve::iterator pi; (prime = pi.next_prime()) < limit; ) { size_t alen = asc.size(); if (alen > 1 && prime - asc[alen - 1] <= asc[alen - 1] - asc[alen - 2]) asc.erase(asc.begin(), asc.end() - 1); asc.push_back(prime); if (asc.size() >= max_asc_len) { if (asc.size() > max_asc_len) { max_asc_len = asc.size(); max_asc.clear(); } max_asc.push_back(asc); } size_t dlen = desc.size(); if (dlen > 1 && prime - desc[dlen - 1] >= desc[dlen - 1] - desc[dlen - 2]) desc.erase(desc.begin(), desc.end() - 1); desc.push_back(prime); if (desc.size() >= max_desc_len) { if (desc.size() > max_desc_len) { max_desc_len = desc.size(); max_desc.clear(); } max_desc.push_back(desc); } } std::cout << "Longest run(s) of ascending prime gaps up to " << limit << ":\n"; for (const auto& v : max_asc) print_diffs(v); std::cout << "\nLongest run(s) of descending prime gaps up to " << limit << ":\n"; for (const auto& v : max_desc) print_diffs(v); return 0; }
Convert the following code from Go to C++, ensuring the logic remains intact.
package main import "fmt" func sieve(limit int) []bool { limit++ c := make([]bool, limit) c[0] = true c[1] = true for i := 4; i < limit; i += 2 { c[i] = true } p := 3 for { p2 := p * p if p2 >= limit { break } for i := p2; i < limit; i += 2 * p { c[i] = true } for { p += 2 if !c[p] { break } } } return c } func commatize(n int) string { s := fmt.Sprintf("%d", n) if n < 0 { s = s[1:] } le := len(s) for i := le - 3; i >= 1; i -= 3 { s = s[0:i] + "," + s[i:] } if n >= 0 { return s } return "-" + s } func main() { limit := int(1e6) c := sieve(limit - 1) var erdos []int for i := 2; i < limit; { if !c[i] { found := true for j, fact := 1, 1; fact < i; { if !c[i-fact] { found = false break } j++ fact = fact * j } if found { erdos = append(erdos, i) } } if i > 2 { i += 2 } else { i += 1 } } lowerLimit := 2500 var erdosLower []int for _, e := range erdos { if e < lowerLimit { erdosLower = append(erdosLower, e) } else { break } } fmt.Printf("The %d Erdős primes under %s are\n", len(erdosLower), commatize(lowerLimit)) for i, e := range erdosLower { fmt.Printf("%6d", e) if (i+1)%10 == 0 { fmt.Println() } } show := 7875 fmt.Printf("\n\nThe %s Erdős prime is %s.\n", commatize(show), commatize(erdos[show-1])) }
#include <cstdint> #include <iomanip> #include <iostream> #include <set> #include <primesieve.hpp> class erdos_prime_generator { public: erdos_prime_generator() {} uint64_t next(); private: bool erdos(uint64_t p) const; primesieve::iterator iter_; std::set<uint64_t> primes_; }; uint64_t erdos_prime_generator::next() { uint64_t prime; for (;;) { prime = iter_.next_prime(); primes_.insert(prime); if (erdos(prime)) break; } return prime; } bool erdos_prime_generator::erdos(uint64_t p) const { for (uint64_t k = 1, f = 1; f < p; ++k, f *= k) { if (primes_.find(p - f) != primes_.end()) return false; } return true; } int main() { std::wcout.imbue(std::locale("")); erdos_prime_generator epgen; const int max_print = 2500; const int max_count = 7875; uint64_t p; std::wcout << L"Erd\x151s primes less than " << max_print << L":\n"; for (int count = 1; count <= max_count; ++count) { p = epgen.next(); if (p < max_print) std::wcout << std::setw(6) << p << (count % 10 == 0 ? '\n' : ' '); } std::wcout << L"\n\nThe " << max_count << L"th Erd\x151s prime is " << p << L".\n"; return 0; }
Change the following Go code into C++ without altering its purpose.
package main import "fmt" func sieve(limit int) []bool { limit++ c := make([]bool, limit) c[0] = true c[1] = true for i := 4; i < limit; i += 2 { c[i] = true } p := 3 for { p2 := p * p if p2 >= limit { break } for i := p2; i < limit; i += 2 * p { c[i] = true } for { p += 2 if !c[p] { break } } } return c } func commatize(n int) string { s := fmt.Sprintf("%d", n) if n < 0 { s = s[1:] } le := len(s) for i := le - 3; i >= 1; i -= 3 { s = s[0:i] + "," + s[i:] } if n >= 0 { return s } return "-" + s } func main() { limit := int(1e6) c := sieve(limit - 1) var erdos []int for i := 2; i < limit; { if !c[i] { found := true for j, fact := 1, 1; fact < i; { if !c[i-fact] { found = false break } j++ fact = fact * j } if found { erdos = append(erdos, i) } } if i > 2 { i += 2 } else { i += 1 } } lowerLimit := 2500 var erdosLower []int for _, e := range erdos { if e < lowerLimit { erdosLower = append(erdosLower, e) } else { break } } fmt.Printf("The %d Erdős primes under %s are\n", len(erdosLower), commatize(lowerLimit)) for i, e := range erdosLower { fmt.Printf("%6d", e) if (i+1)%10 == 0 { fmt.Println() } } show := 7875 fmt.Printf("\n\nThe %s Erdős prime is %s.\n", commatize(show), commatize(erdos[show-1])) }
#include <cstdint> #include <iomanip> #include <iostream> #include <set> #include <primesieve.hpp> class erdos_prime_generator { public: erdos_prime_generator() {} uint64_t next(); private: bool erdos(uint64_t p) const; primesieve::iterator iter_; std::set<uint64_t> primes_; }; uint64_t erdos_prime_generator::next() { uint64_t prime; for (;;) { prime = iter_.next_prime(); primes_.insert(prime); if (erdos(prime)) break; } return prime; } bool erdos_prime_generator::erdos(uint64_t p) const { for (uint64_t k = 1, f = 1; f < p; ++k, f *= k) { if (primes_.find(p - f) != primes_.end()) return false; } return true; } int main() { std::wcout.imbue(std::locale("")); erdos_prime_generator epgen; const int max_print = 2500; const int max_count = 7875; uint64_t p; std::wcout << L"Erd\x151s primes less than " << max_print << L":\n"; for (int count = 1; count <= max_count; ++count) { p = epgen.next(); if (p < max_print) std::wcout << std::setw(6) << p << (count % 10 == 0 ? '\n' : ' '); } std::wcout << L"\n\nThe " << max_count << L"th Erd\x151s prime is " << p << L".\n"; return 0; }
Transform the following Go implementation into C++, maintaining the same output and logic.
package main import "fmt" func sieve(limit int) []bool { limit++ c := make([]bool, limit) c[0] = true c[1] = true for i := 4; i < limit; i += 2 { c[i] = true } p := 3 for { p2 := p * p if p2 >= limit { break } for i := p2; i < limit; i += 2 * p { c[i] = true } for { p += 2 if !c[p] { break } } } return c } func commatize(n int) string { s := fmt.Sprintf("%d", n) if n < 0 { s = s[1:] } le := len(s) for i := le - 3; i >= 1; i -= 3 { s = s[0:i] + "," + s[i:] } if n >= 0 { return s } return "-" + s } func main() { limit := int(1e6) c := sieve(limit - 1) var erdos []int for i := 2; i < limit; { if !c[i] { found := true for j, fact := 1, 1; fact < i; { if !c[i-fact] { found = false break } j++ fact = fact * j } if found { erdos = append(erdos, i) } } if i > 2 { i += 2 } else { i += 1 } } lowerLimit := 2500 var erdosLower []int for _, e := range erdos { if e < lowerLimit { erdosLower = append(erdosLower, e) } else { break } } fmt.Printf("The %d Erdős primes under %s are\n", len(erdosLower), commatize(lowerLimit)) for i, e := range erdosLower { fmt.Printf("%6d", e) if (i+1)%10 == 0 { fmt.Println() } } show := 7875 fmt.Printf("\n\nThe %s Erdős prime is %s.\n", commatize(show), commatize(erdos[show-1])) }
#include <cstdint> #include <iomanip> #include <iostream> #include <set> #include <primesieve.hpp> class erdos_prime_generator { public: erdos_prime_generator() {} uint64_t next(); private: bool erdos(uint64_t p) const; primesieve::iterator iter_; std::set<uint64_t> primes_; }; uint64_t erdos_prime_generator::next() { uint64_t prime; for (;;) { prime = iter_.next_prime(); primes_.insert(prime); if (erdos(prime)) break; } return prime; } bool erdos_prime_generator::erdos(uint64_t p) const { for (uint64_t k = 1, f = 1; f < p; ++k, f *= k) { if (primes_.find(p - f) != primes_.end()) return false; } return true; } int main() { std::wcout.imbue(std::locale("")); erdos_prime_generator epgen; const int max_print = 2500; const int max_count = 7875; uint64_t p; std::wcout << L"Erd\x151s primes less than " << max_print << L":\n"; for (int count = 1; count <= max_count; ++count) { p = epgen.next(); if (p < max_print) std::wcout << std::setw(6) << p << (count % 10 == 0 ? '\n' : ' '); } std::wcout << L"\n\nThe " << max_count << L"th Erd\x151s prime is " << p << L".\n"; return 0; }
Change the following Go code into C++ without altering its purpose.
package main import ( "fmt" "sort" "strconv" "strings" ) var example1 = []string{ "00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00", "00,00,46,45,00,55,74,00,00", "00,38,00,00,43,00,00,78,00", "00,35,00,00,00,00,00,71,00", "00,00,33,00,00,00,59,00,00", "00,17,00,00,00,00,00,67,00", "00,18,00,00,11,00,00,64,00", "00,00,24,21,00,01,02,00,00", "00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00", } var example2 = []string{ "00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00", "00,11,12,15,18,21,62,61,00", "00,06,00,00,00,00,00,60,00", "00,33,00,00,00,00,00,57,00", "00,32,00,00,00,00,00,56,00", "00,37,00,01,00,00,00,73,00", "00,38,00,00,00,00,00,72,00", "00,43,44,47,48,51,76,77,00", "00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00", } var moves = [][2]int{{1, 0}, {0, 1}, {-1, 0}, {0, -1}} var ( grid [][]int clues []int totalToFill = 0 ) func solve(r, c, count, nextClue int) bool { if count > totalToFill { return true } back := grid[r][c] if back != 0 && back != count { return false } if back == 0 && nextClue < len(clues) && clues[nextClue] == count { return false } if back == count { nextClue++ } grid[r][c] = count for _, move := range moves { if solve(r+move[1], c+move[0], count+1, nextClue) { return true } } grid[r][c] = back return false } func printResult(n int) { fmt.Println("Solution for example", n, "\b:") for _, row := range grid { for _, i := range row { if i == -1 { continue } fmt.Printf("%2d ", i) } fmt.Println() } } func main() { for n, board := range [2][]string{example1, example2} { nRows := len(board) + 2 nCols := len(strings.Split(board[0], ",")) + 2 startRow, startCol := 0, 0 grid = make([][]int, nRows) totalToFill = (nRows - 2) * (nCols - 2) var lst []int for r := 0; r < nRows; r++ { grid[r] = make([]int, nCols) for c := 0; c < nCols; c++ { grid[r][c] = -1 } if r >= 1 && r < nRows-1 { row := strings.Split(board[r-1], ",") for c := 1; c < nCols-1; c++ { val, _ := strconv.Atoi(row[c-1]) if val > 0 { lst = append(lst, val) } if val == 1 { startRow, startCol = r, c } grid[r][c] = val } } } sort.Ints(lst) clues = lst if solve(startRow, startCol, 1, 0) { printResult(n + 1) } } }
#include <vector> #include <sstream> #include <iostream> #include <iterator> #include <cstdlib> #include <string> #include <bitset> using namespace std; typedef bitset<4> hood_t; struct node { int val; hood_t neighbors; }; class nSolver { public: void solve(vector<string>& puzz, int max_wid) { if (puzz.size() < 1) return; wid = max_wid; hei = static_cast<int>(puzz.size()) / wid; max = wid * hei; int len = max, c = 0; arr = vector<node>(len, node({ 0, 0 })); weHave = vector<bool>(len + 1, false); for (const auto& s : puzz) { if (s == "*") { max--; arr[c++].val = -1; continue; } arr[c].val = atoi(s.c_str()); if (arr[c].val > 0) weHave[arr[c].val] = true; c++; } solveIt(); c = 0; for (auto&& s : puzz) { if (s == ".") s = std::to_string(arr[c].val); c++; } } private: bool search(int x, int y, int w, int dr) { if ((w > max && dr > 0) || (w < 1 && dr < 0) || (w == max && weHave[w])) return true; node& n = arr[x + y * wid]; n.neighbors = getNeighbors(x, y); if (weHave[w]) { for (int d = 0; d < 4; d++) { if (n.neighbors[d]) { int a = x + dx[d], b = y + dy[d]; if (arr[a + b * wid].val == w) if (search(a, b, w + dr, dr)) return true; } } return false; } for (int d = 0; d < 4; d++) { if (n.neighbors[d]) { int a = x + dx[d], b = y + dy[d]; if (arr[a + b * wid].val == 0) { arr[a + b * wid].val = w; if (search(a, b, w + dr, dr)) return true; arr[a + b * wid].val = 0; } } } return false; } hood_t getNeighbors(int x, int y) { hood_t retval; for (int xx = 0; xx < 4; xx++) { int a = x + dx[xx], b = y + dy[xx]; if (a < 0 || b < 0 || a >= wid || b >= hei) continue; if (arr[a + b * wid].val > -1) retval.set(xx); } return retval; } void solveIt() { int x, y, z; findStart(x, y, z); if (z == 99999) { cout << "\nCan't find start point!\n"; return; } search(x, y, z + 1, 1); if (z > 1) search(x, y, z - 1, -1); } void findStart(int& x, int& y, int& z) { z = 99999; for (int b = 0; b < hei; b++) for (int a = 0; a < wid; a++) if (arr[a + wid * b].val > 0 && arr[a + wid * b].val < z) { x = a; y = b; z = arr[a + wid * b].val; } } vector<int> dx = vector<int>({ -1, 1, 0, 0 }); vector<int> dy = vector<int>({ 0, 0, -1, 1 }); int wid, hei, max; vector<node> arr; vector<bool> weHave; }; int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { int wid; string p; p = "17 . . . 11 . . . 59 . 15 . . 6 . . 61 . . . 3 . . . 63 . . . . . . 66 . . . . 23 24 . 68 67 78 . 54 55 . . . . 72 . . . . . . 35 . . . 49 . . . 29 . . 40 . . 47 . 31 . . . 39 . . . 45"; wid = 9; istringstream iss(p); vector<string> puzz; copy(istream_iterator<string>(iss), istream_iterator<string>(), back_inserter<vector<string> >(puzz)); nSolver s; s.solve(puzz, wid); int c = 0; for (const auto& s : puzz) { if (s != "*" && s != ".") { if (atoi(s.c_str()) < 10) cout << "0"; cout << s << " "; } else cout << " "; if (++c >= wid) { cout << endl; c = 0; } } cout << endl << endl; return system("pause"); }
Ensure the translated C++ code behaves exactly like the original Go snippet.
package main import ( "fmt" "sort" "strconv" "strings" ) var example1 = []string{ "00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00", "00,00,46,45,00,55,74,00,00", "00,38,00,00,43,00,00,78,00", "00,35,00,00,00,00,00,71,00", "00,00,33,00,00,00,59,00,00", "00,17,00,00,00,00,00,67,00", "00,18,00,00,11,00,00,64,00", "00,00,24,21,00,01,02,00,00", "00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00", } var example2 = []string{ "00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00", "00,11,12,15,18,21,62,61,00", "00,06,00,00,00,00,00,60,00", "00,33,00,00,00,00,00,57,00", "00,32,00,00,00,00,00,56,00", "00,37,00,01,00,00,00,73,00", "00,38,00,00,00,00,00,72,00", "00,43,44,47,48,51,76,77,00", "00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00", } var moves = [][2]int{{1, 0}, {0, 1}, {-1, 0}, {0, -1}} var ( grid [][]int clues []int totalToFill = 0 ) func solve(r, c, count, nextClue int) bool { if count > totalToFill { return true } back := grid[r][c] if back != 0 && back != count { return false } if back == 0 && nextClue < len(clues) && clues[nextClue] == count { return false } if back == count { nextClue++ } grid[r][c] = count for _, move := range moves { if solve(r+move[1], c+move[0], count+1, nextClue) { return true } } grid[r][c] = back return false } func printResult(n int) { fmt.Println("Solution for example", n, "\b:") for _, row := range grid { for _, i := range row { if i == -1 { continue } fmt.Printf("%2d ", i) } fmt.Println() } } func main() { for n, board := range [2][]string{example1, example2} { nRows := len(board) + 2 nCols := len(strings.Split(board[0], ",")) + 2 startRow, startCol := 0, 0 grid = make([][]int, nRows) totalToFill = (nRows - 2) * (nCols - 2) var lst []int for r := 0; r < nRows; r++ { grid[r] = make([]int, nCols) for c := 0; c < nCols; c++ { grid[r][c] = -1 } if r >= 1 && r < nRows-1 { row := strings.Split(board[r-1], ",") for c := 1; c < nCols-1; c++ { val, _ := strconv.Atoi(row[c-1]) if val > 0 { lst = append(lst, val) } if val == 1 { startRow, startCol = r, c } grid[r][c] = val } } } sort.Ints(lst) clues = lst if solve(startRow, startCol, 1, 0) { printResult(n + 1) } } }
#include <vector> #include <sstream> #include <iostream> #include <iterator> #include <cstdlib> #include <string> #include <bitset> using namespace std; typedef bitset<4> hood_t; struct node { int val; hood_t neighbors; }; class nSolver { public: void solve(vector<string>& puzz, int max_wid) { if (puzz.size() < 1) return; wid = max_wid; hei = static_cast<int>(puzz.size()) / wid; max = wid * hei; int len = max, c = 0; arr = vector<node>(len, node({ 0, 0 })); weHave = vector<bool>(len + 1, false); for (const auto& s : puzz) { if (s == "*") { max--; arr[c++].val = -1; continue; } arr[c].val = atoi(s.c_str()); if (arr[c].val > 0) weHave[arr[c].val] = true; c++; } solveIt(); c = 0; for (auto&& s : puzz) { if (s == ".") s = std::to_string(arr[c].val); c++; } } private: bool search(int x, int y, int w, int dr) { if ((w > max && dr > 0) || (w < 1 && dr < 0) || (w == max && weHave[w])) return true; node& n = arr[x + y * wid]; n.neighbors = getNeighbors(x, y); if (weHave[w]) { for (int d = 0; d < 4; d++) { if (n.neighbors[d]) { int a = x + dx[d], b = y + dy[d]; if (arr[a + b * wid].val == w) if (search(a, b, w + dr, dr)) return true; } } return false; } for (int d = 0; d < 4; d++) { if (n.neighbors[d]) { int a = x + dx[d], b = y + dy[d]; if (arr[a + b * wid].val == 0) { arr[a + b * wid].val = w; if (search(a, b, w + dr, dr)) return true; arr[a + b * wid].val = 0; } } } return false; } hood_t getNeighbors(int x, int y) { hood_t retval; for (int xx = 0; xx < 4; xx++) { int a = x + dx[xx], b = y + dy[xx]; if (a < 0 || b < 0 || a >= wid || b >= hei) continue; if (arr[a + b * wid].val > -1) retval.set(xx); } return retval; } void solveIt() { int x, y, z; findStart(x, y, z); if (z == 99999) { cout << "\nCan't find start point!\n"; return; } search(x, y, z + 1, 1); if (z > 1) search(x, y, z - 1, -1); } void findStart(int& x, int& y, int& z) { z = 99999; for (int b = 0; b < hei; b++) for (int a = 0; a < wid; a++) if (arr[a + wid * b].val > 0 && arr[a + wid * b].val < z) { x = a; y = b; z = arr[a + wid * b].val; } } vector<int> dx = vector<int>({ -1, 1, 0, 0 }); vector<int> dy = vector<int>({ 0, 0, -1, 1 }); int wid, hei, max; vector<node> arr; vector<bool> weHave; }; int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { int wid; string p; p = "17 . . . 11 . . . 59 . 15 . . 6 . . 61 . . . 3 . . . 63 . . . . . . 66 . . . . 23 24 . 68 67 78 . 54 55 . . . . 72 . . . . . . 35 . . . 49 . . . 29 . . 40 . . 47 . 31 . . . 39 . . . 45"; wid = 9; istringstream iss(p); vector<string> puzz; copy(istream_iterator<string>(iss), istream_iterator<string>(), back_inserter<vector<string> >(puzz)); nSolver s; s.solve(puzz, wid); int c = 0; for (const auto& s : puzz) { if (s != "*" && s != ".") { if (atoi(s.c_str()) < 10) cout << "0"; cout << s << " "; } else cout << " "; if (++c >= wid) { cout << endl; c = 0; } } cout << endl << endl; return system("pause"); }
Keep all operations the same but rewrite the snippet in C++.
package main import "fmt" type any = interface{} type fn func(any) any type church func(fn) fn func zero(f fn) fn { return func(x any) any { return x } } func (c church) succ() church { return func(f fn) fn { return func(x any) any { return f(c(f)(x)) } } } func (c church) add(d church) church { return func(f fn) fn { return func(x any) any { return c(f)(d(f)(x)) } } } func (c church) mul(d church) church { return func(f fn) fn { return func(x any) any { return c(d(f))(x) } } } func (c church) pow(d church) church { di := d.toInt() prod := c for i := 1; i < di; i++ { prod = prod.mul(c) } return prod } func (c church) toInt() int { return c(incr)(0).(int) } func intToChurch(i int) church { if i == 0 { return zero } else { return intToChurch(i - 1).succ() } } func incr(i any) any { return i.(int) + 1 } func main() { z := church(zero) three := z.succ().succ().succ() four := three.succ() fmt.Println("three ->", three.toInt()) fmt.Println("four ->", four.toInt()) fmt.Println("three + four ->", three.add(four).toInt()) fmt.Println("three * four ->", three.mul(four).toInt()) fmt.Println("three ^ four ->", three.pow(four).toInt()) fmt.Println("four ^ three ->", four.pow(three).toInt()) fmt.Println("5 -> five ->", intToChurch(5).toInt()) }
#include <iostream> auto Zero = [](auto){ return [](auto x){ return x; }; }; auto True = [](auto a){ return [=](auto){ return a; }; }; auto False = [](auto){ return [](auto b){ return b; }; }; auto Successor(auto a) { return [=](auto f) { return [=](auto x) { return a(f)(f(x)); }; }; } auto Add(auto a, auto b) { return [=](auto f) { return [=](auto x) { return a(f)(b(f)(x)); }; }; } auto Multiply(auto a, auto b) { return [=](auto f) { return a(b(f)); }; } auto Exp(auto a, auto b) { return b(a); } auto IsZero(auto a){ return a([](auto){ return False; })(True); } auto Predecessor(auto a) { return [=](auto f) { return [=](auto x) { return a( [=](auto g) { return [=](auto h){ return h(g(f)); }; } )([=](auto){ return x; })([](auto y){ return y; }); }; }; } auto Subtract(auto a, auto b) { { return b([](auto c){ return Predecessor(c); })(a); }; } namespace { auto Divr(decltype(Zero), auto) { return Zero; } auto Divr(auto a, auto b) { auto a_minus_b = Subtract(a, b); auto isZero = IsZero(a_minus_b); return isZero (Zero) (Successor(Divr(isZero(Zero)(a_minus_b), b))); } } auto Divide(auto a, auto b) { return Divr(Successor(a), b); } template <int N> constexpr auto ToChurch() { if constexpr(N<=0) return Zero; else return Successor(ToChurch<N-1>()); } int ToInt(auto church) { return church([](int n){ return n + 1; })(0); } int main() { auto three = Successor(Successor(Successor(Zero))); auto four = Successor(three); auto six = ToChurch<6>(); auto ten = ToChurch<10>(); auto thousand = Exp(ten, three); std::cout << "\n 3 + 4 = " << ToInt(Add(three, four)); std::cout << "\n 3 * 4 = " << ToInt(Multiply(three, four)); std::cout << "\n 3^4 = " << ToInt(Exp(three, four)); std::cout << "\n 4^3 = " << ToInt(Exp(four, three)); std::cout << "\n 0^0 = " << ToInt(Exp(Zero, Zero)); std::cout << "\n 4 - 3 = " << ToInt(Subtract(four, three)); std::cout << "\n 3 - 4 = " << ToInt(Subtract(three, four)); std::cout << "\n 6 / 3 = " << ToInt(Divide(six, three)); std::cout << "\n 3 / 6 = " << ToInt(Divide(three, six)); auto looloolooo = Add(Exp(thousand, three), Add(Exp(ten, six), thousand)); auto looloolool = Successor(looloolooo); std::cout << "\n 10^9 + 10^6 + 10^3 + 1 = " << ToInt(looloolool); std::cout << "\n golden ratio = " << thousand([](double x){ return 1.0 + 1.0 / x; })(1.0) << "\n"; }
Write a version of this Go function in C++ with identical behavior.
package main import "fmt" type any = interface{} type fn func(any) any type church func(fn) fn func zero(f fn) fn { return func(x any) any { return x } } func (c church) succ() church { return func(f fn) fn { return func(x any) any { return f(c(f)(x)) } } } func (c church) add(d church) church { return func(f fn) fn { return func(x any) any { return c(f)(d(f)(x)) } } } func (c church) mul(d church) church { return func(f fn) fn { return func(x any) any { return c(d(f))(x) } } } func (c church) pow(d church) church { di := d.toInt() prod := c for i := 1; i < di; i++ { prod = prod.mul(c) } return prod } func (c church) toInt() int { return c(incr)(0).(int) } func intToChurch(i int) church { if i == 0 { return zero } else { return intToChurch(i - 1).succ() } } func incr(i any) any { return i.(int) + 1 } func main() { z := church(zero) three := z.succ().succ().succ() four := three.succ() fmt.Println("three ->", three.toInt()) fmt.Println("four ->", four.toInt()) fmt.Println("three + four ->", three.add(four).toInt()) fmt.Println("three * four ->", three.mul(four).toInt()) fmt.Println("three ^ four ->", three.pow(four).toInt()) fmt.Println("four ^ three ->", four.pow(three).toInt()) fmt.Println("5 -> five ->", intToChurch(5).toInt()) }
#include <iostream> auto Zero = [](auto){ return [](auto x){ return x; }; }; auto True = [](auto a){ return [=](auto){ return a; }; }; auto False = [](auto){ return [](auto b){ return b; }; }; auto Successor(auto a) { return [=](auto f) { return [=](auto x) { return a(f)(f(x)); }; }; } auto Add(auto a, auto b) { return [=](auto f) { return [=](auto x) { return a(f)(b(f)(x)); }; }; } auto Multiply(auto a, auto b) { return [=](auto f) { return a(b(f)); }; } auto Exp(auto a, auto b) { return b(a); } auto IsZero(auto a){ return a([](auto){ return False; })(True); } auto Predecessor(auto a) { return [=](auto f) { return [=](auto x) { return a( [=](auto g) { return [=](auto h){ return h(g(f)); }; } )([=](auto){ return x; })([](auto y){ return y; }); }; }; } auto Subtract(auto a, auto b) { { return b([](auto c){ return Predecessor(c); })(a); }; } namespace { auto Divr(decltype(Zero), auto) { return Zero; } auto Divr(auto a, auto b) { auto a_minus_b = Subtract(a, b); auto isZero = IsZero(a_minus_b); return isZero (Zero) (Successor(Divr(isZero(Zero)(a_minus_b), b))); } } auto Divide(auto a, auto b) { return Divr(Successor(a), b); } template <int N> constexpr auto ToChurch() { if constexpr(N<=0) return Zero; else return Successor(ToChurch<N-1>()); } int ToInt(auto church) { return church([](int n){ return n + 1; })(0); } int main() { auto three = Successor(Successor(Successor(Zero))); auto four = Successor(three); auto six = ToChurch<6>(); auto ten = ToChurch<10>(); auto thousand = Exp(ten, three); std::cout << "\n 3 + 4 = " << ToInt(Add(three, four)); std::cout << "\n 3 * 4 = " << ToInt(Multiply(three, four)); std::cout << "\n 3^4 = " << ToInt(Exp(three, four)); std::cout << "\n 4^3 = " << ToInt(Exp(four, three)); std::cout << "\n 0^0 = " << ToInt(Exp(Zero, Zero)); std::cout << "\n 4 - 3 = " << ToInt(Subtract(four, three)); std::cout << "\n 3 - 4 = " << ToInt(Subtract(three, four)); std::cout << "\n 6 / 3 = " << ToInt(Divide(six, three)); std::cout << "\n 3 / 6 = " << ToInt(Divide(three, six)); auto looloolooo = Add(Exp(thousand, three), Add(Exp(ten, six), thousand)); auto looloolool = Successor(looloolooo); std::cout << "\n 10^9 + 10^6 + 10^3 + 1 = " << ToInt(looloolool); std::cout << "\n golden ratio = " << thousand([](double x){ return 1.0 + 1.0 / x; })(1.0) << "\n"; }
Convert this Go block to C++, preserving its control flow and logic.
package main import ( "fmt" "sort" ) var board = []string{ ".00.00.", "0000000", "0000000", ".00000.", "..000..", "...0...", } var moves = [][2]int{ {-3, 0}, {0, 3}, {3, 0}, {0, -3}, {2, 2}, {2, -2}, {-2, 2}, {-2, -2}, } var grid [][]int var totalToFill = 0 func solve(r, c, count int) bool { if count > totalToFill { return true } nbrs := neighbors(r, c) if len(nbrs) == 0 && count != totalToFill { return false } sort.Slice(nbrs, func(i, j int) bool { return nbrs[i][2] < nbrs[j][2] }) for _, nb := range nbrs { r = nb[0] c = nb[1] grid[r][c] = count if solve(r, c, count+1) { return true } grid[r][c] = 0 } return false } func neighbors(r, c int) (nbrs [][3]int) { for _, m := range moves { x := m[0] y := m[1] if grid[r+y][c+x] == 0 { num := countNeighbors(r+y, c+x) - 1 nbrs = append(nbrs, [3]int{r + y, c + x, num}) } } return } func countNeighbors(r, c int) int { num := 0 for _, m := range moves { if grid[r+m[1]][c+m[0]] == 0 { num++ } } return num } func printResult() { for _, row := range grid { for _, i := range row { if i == -1 { fmt.Print(" ") } else { fmt.Printf("%2d ", i) } } fmt.Println() } } func main() { nRows := len(board) + 6 nCols := len(board[0]) + 6 grid = make([][]int, nRows) for r := 0; r < nRows; r++ { grid[r] = make([]int, nCols) for c := 0; c < nCols; c++ { grid[r][c] = -1 } for c := 3; c < nCols-3; c++ { if r >= 3 && r < nRows-3 { if board[r-3][c-3] == '0' { grid[r][c] = 0 totalToFill++ } } } } pos, r, c := -1, 0, 0 for { for { pos++ r = pos / nCols c = pos % nCols if grid[r][c] != -1 { break } } grid[r][c] = 1 if solve(r, c, 2) { break } grid[r][c] = 0 if pos >= nRows*nCols { break } } printResult() }
#include <vector> #include <sstream> #include <iostream> #include <iterator> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> using namespace std; struct node { int val; unsigned char neighbors; }; class nSolver { public: nSolver() { dx[0] = -2; dy[0] = -2; dx[1] = -2; dy[1] = 2; dx[2] = 2; dy[2] = -2; dx[3] = 2; dy[3] = 2; dx[4] = -3; dy[4] = 0; dx[5] = 3; dy[5] = 0; dx[6] = 0; dy[6] = -3; dx[7] = 0; dy[7] = 3; } void solve( vector<string>& puzz, int max_wid ) { if( puzz.size() < 1 ) return; wid = max_wid; hei = static_cast<int>( puzz.size() ) / wid; int len = wid * hei, c = 0; max = len; arr = new node[len]; memset( arr, 0, len * sizeof( node ) ); for( vector<string>::iterator i = puzz.begin(); i != puzz.end(); i++ ) { if( ( *i ) == "*" ) { max--; arr[c++].val = -1; continue; } arr[c].val = atoi( ( *i ).c_str() ); c++; } solveIt(); c = 0; for( vector<string>::iterator i = puzz.begin(); i != puzz.end(); i++ ) { if( ( *i ) == "." ) { ostringstream o; o << arr[c].val; ( *i ) = o.str(); } c++; } delete [] arr; } private: bool search( int x, int y, int w ) { if( w > max ) return true; node* n = &arr[x + y * wid]; n->neighbors = getNeighbors( x, y ); for( int d = 0; d < 8; d++ ) { if( n->neighbors & ( 1 << d ) ) { int a = x + dx[d], b = y + dy[d]; if( arr[a + b * wid].val == 0 ) { arr[a + b * wid].val = w; if( search( a, b, w + 1 ) ) return true; arr[a + b * wid].val = 0; } } } return false; } unsigned char getNeighbors( int x, int y ) { unsigned char c = 0; int a, b; for( int xx = 0; xx < 8; xx++ ) { a = x + dx[xx], b = y + dy[xx]; if( a < 0 || b < 0 || a >= wid || b >= hei ) continue; if( arr[a + b * wid].val > -1 ) c |= ( 1 << xx ); } return c; } void solveIt() { int x, y, z; findStart( x, y, z ); if( z == 99999 ) { cout << "\nCan't find start point!\n"; return; } search( x, y, z + 1 ); } void findStart( int& x, int& y, int& z ) { for( int b = 0; b < hei; b++ ) for( int a = 0; a < wid; a++ ) if( arr[a + wid * b].val == 0 ) { x = a; y = b; z = 1; arr[a + wid * b].val = z; return; } } int wid, hei, max, dx[8], dy[8]; node* arr; }; int main( int argc, char* argv[] ) { int wid; string p; p = "* . . * . . * . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * . . . . . * * * . . . * * * * * . * * *"; wid = 7; istringstream iss( p ); vector<string> puzz; copy( istream_iterator<string>( iss ), istream_iterator<string>(), back_inserter<vector<string> >( puzz ) ); nSolver s; s.solve( puzz, wid ); int c = 0; for( vector<string>::iterator i = puzz.begin(); i != puzz.end(); i++ ) { if( ( *i ) != "*" && ( *i ) != "." ) { if( atoi( ( *i ).c_str() ) < 10 ) cout << "0"; cout << ( *i ) << " "; } else cout << " "; if( ++c >= wid ) { cout << endl; c = 0; } } cout << endl << endl; return system( "pause" ); }
Change the programming language of this snippet from Go to C++ without modifying what it does.
package main import ( "fmt" "sort" ) var board = []string{ ".00.00.", "0000000", "0000000", ".00000.", "..000..", "...0...", } var moves = [][2]int{ {-3, 0}, {0, 3}, {3, 0}, {0, -3}, {2, 2}, {2, -2}, {-2, 2}, {-2, -2}, } var grid [][]int var totalToFill = 0 func solve(r, c, count int) bool { if count > totalToFill { return true } nbrs := neighbors(r, c) if len(nbrs) == 0 && count != totalToFill { return false } sort.Slice(nbrs, func(i, j int) bool { return nbrs[i][2] < nbrs[j][2] }) for _, nb := range nbrs { r = nb[0] c = nb[1] grid[r][c] = count if solve(r, c, count+1) { return true } grid[r][c] = 0 } return false } func neighbors(r, c int) (nbrs [][3]int) { for _, m := range moves { x := m[0] y := m[1] if grid[r+y][c+x] == 0 { num := countNeighbors(r+y, c+x) - 1 nbrs = append(nbrs, [3]int{r + y, c + x, num}) } } return } func countNeighbors(r, c int) int { num := 0 for _, m := range moves { if grid[r+m[1]][c+m[0]] == 0 { num++ } } return num } func printResult() { for _, row := range grid { for _, i := range row { if i == -1 { fmt.Print(" ") } else { fmt.Printf("%2d ", i) } } fmt.Println() } } func main() { nRows := len(board) + 6 nCols := len(board[0]) + 6 grid = make([][]int, nRows) for r := 0; r < nRows; r++ { grid[r] = make([]int, nCols) for c := 0; c < nCols; c++ { grid[r][c] = -1 } for c := 3; c < nCols-3; c++ { if r >= 3 && r < nRows-3 { if board[r-3][c-3] == '0' { grid[r][c] = 0 totalToFill++ } } } } pos, r, c := -1, 0, 0 for { for { pos++ r = pos / nCols c = pos % nCols if grid[r][c] != -1 { break } } grid[r][c] = 1 if solve(r, c, 2) { break } grid[r][c] = 0 if pos >= nRows*nCols { break } } printResult() }
#include <vector> #include <sstream> #include <iostream> #include <iterator> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> using namespace std; struct node { int val; unsigned char neighbors; }; class nSolver { public: nSolver() { dx[0] = -2; dy[0] = -2; dx[1] = -2; dy[1] = 2; dx[2] = 2; dy[2] = -2; dx[3] = 2; dy[3] = 2; dx[4] = -3; dy[4] = 0; dx[5] = 3; dy[5] = 0; dx[6] = 0; dy[6] = -3; dx[7] = 0; dy[7] = 3; } void solve( vector<string>& puzz, int max_wid ) { if( puzz.size() < 1 ) return; wid = max_wid; hei = static_cast<int>( puzz.size() ) / wid; int len = wid * hei, c = 0; max = len; arr = new node[len]; memset( arr, 0, len * sizeof( node ) ); for( vector<string>::iterator i = puzz.begin(); i != puzz.end(); i++ ) { if( ( *i ) == "*" ) { max--; arr[c++].val = -1; continue; } arr[c].val = atoi( ( *i ).c_str() ); c++; } solveIt(); c = 0; for( vector<string>::iterator i = puzz.begin(); i != puzz.end(); i++ ) { if( ( *i ) == "." ) { ostringstream o; o << arr[c].val; ( *i ) = o.str(); } c++; } delete [] arr; } private: bool search( int x, int y, int w ) { if( w > max ) return true; node* n = &arr[x + y * wid]; n->neighbors = getNeighbors( x, y ); for( int d = 0; d < 8; d++ ) { if( n->neighbors & ( 1 << d ) ) { int a = x + dx[d], b = y + dy[d]; if( arr[a + b * wid].val == 0 ) { arr[a + b * wid].val = w; if( search( a, b, w + 1 ) ) return true; arr[a + b * wid].val = 0; } } } return false; } unsigned char getNeighbors( int x, int y ) { unsigned char c = 0; int a, b; for( int xx = 0; xx < 8; xx++ ) { a = x + dx[xx], b = y + dy[xx]; if( a < 0 || b < 0 || a >= wid || b >= hei ) continue; if( arr[a + b * wid].val > -1 ) c |= ( 1 << xx ); } return c; } void solveIt() { int x, y, z; findStart( x, y, z ); if( z == 99999 ) { cout << "\nCan't find start point!\n"; return; } search( x, y, z + 1 ); } void findStart( int& x, int& y, int& z ) { for( int b = 0; b < hei; b++ ) for( int a = 0; a < wid; a++ ) if( arr[a + wid * b].val == 0 ) { x = a; y = b; z = 1; arr[a + wid * b].val = z; return; } } int wid, hei, max, dx[8], dy[8]; node* arr; }; int main( int argc, char* argv[] ) { int wid; string p; p = "* . . * . . * . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * . . . . . * * * . . . * * * * * . * * *"; wid = 7; istringstream iss( p ); vector<string> puzz; copy( istream_iterator<string>( iss ), istream_iterator<string>(), back_inserter<vector<string> >( puzz ) ); nSolver s; s.solve( puzz, wid ); int c = 0; for( vector<string>::iterator i = puzz.begin(); i != puzz.end(); i++ ) { if( ( *i ) != "*" && ( *i ) != "." ) { if( atoi( ( *i ).c_str() ) < 10 ) cout << "0"; cout << ( *i ) << " "; } else cout << " "; if( ++c >= wid ) { cout << endl; c = 0; } } cout << endl << endl; return system( "pause" ); }
Produce a functionally identical C++ code for the snippet given in Go.
package main import ( "fmt" "sort" ) var board = []string{ ".00.00.", "0000000", "0000000", ".00000.", "..000..", "...0...", } var moves = [][2]int{ {-3, 0}, {0, 3}, {3, 0}, {0, -3}, {2, 2}, {2, -2}, {-2, 2}, {-2, -2}, } var grid [][]int var totalToFill = 0 func solve(r, c, count int) bool { if count > totalToFill { return true } nbrs := neighbors(r, c) if len(nbrs) == 0 && count != totalToFill { return false } sort.Slice(nbrs, func(i, j int) bool { return nbrs[i][2] < nbrs[j][2] }) for _, nb := range nbrs { r = nb[0] c = nb[1] grid[r][c] = count if solve(r, c, count+1) { return true } grid[r][c] = 0 } return false } func neighbors(r, c int) (nbrs [][3]int) { for _, m := range moves { x := m[0] y := m[1] if grid[r+y][c+x] == 0 { num := countNeighbors(r+y, c+x) - 1 nbrs = append(nbrs, [3]int{r + y, c + x, num}) } } return } func countNeighbors(r, c int) int { num := 0 for _, m := range moves { if grid[r+m[1]][c+m[0]] == 0 { num++ } } return num } func printResult() { for _, row := range grid { for _, i := range row { if i == -1 { fmt.Print(" ") } else { fmt.Printf("%2d ", i) } } fmt.Println() } } func main() { nRows := len(board) + 6 nCols := len(board[0]) + 6 grid = make([][]int, nRows) for r := 0; r < nRows; r++ { grid[r] = make([]int, nCols) for c := 0; c < nCols; c++ { grid[r][c] = -1 } for c := 3; c < nCols-3; c++ { if r >= 3 && r < nRows-3 { if board[r-3][c-3] == '0' { grid[r][c] = 0 totalToFill++ } } } } pos, r, c := -1, 0, 0 for { for { pos++ r = pos / nCols c = pos % nCols if grid[r][c] != -1 { break } } grid[r][c] = 1 if solve(r, c, 2) { break } grid[r][c] = 0 if pos >= nRows*nCols { break } } printResult() }
#include <vector> #include <sstream> #include <iostream> #include <iterator> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> using namespace std; struct node { int val; unsigned char neighbors; }; class nSolver { public: nSolver() { dx[0] = -2; dy[0] = -2; dx[1] = -2; dy[1] = 2; dx[2] = 2; dy[2] = -2; dx[3] = 2; dy[3] = 2; dx[4] = -3; dy[4] = 0; dx[5] = 3; dy[5] = 0; dx[6] = 0; dy[6] = -3; dx[7] = 0; dy[7] = 3; } void solve( vector<string>& puzz, int max_wid ) { if( puzz.size() < 1 ) return; wid = max_wid; hei = static_cast<int>( puzz.size() ) / wid; int len = wid * hei, c = 0; max = len; arr = new node[len]; memset( arr, 0, len * sizeof( node ) ); for( vector<string>::iterator i = puzz.begin(); i != puzz.end(); i++ ) { if( ( *i ) == "*" ) { max--; arr[c++].val = -1; continue; } arr[c].val = atoi( ( *i ).c_str() ); c++; } solveIt(); c = 0; for( vector<string>::iterator i = puzz.begin(); i != puzz.end(); i++ ) { if( ( *i ) == "." ) { ostringstream o; o << arr[c].val; ( *i ) = o.str(); } c++; } delete [] arr; } private: bool search( int x, int y, int w ) { if( w > max ) return true; node* n = &arr[x + y * wid]; n->neighbors = getNeighbors( x, y ); for( int d = 0; d < 8; d++ ) { if( n->neighbors & ( 1 << d ) ) { int a = x + dx[d], b = y + dy[d]; if( arr[a + b * wid].val == 0 ) { arr[a + b * wid].val = w; if( search( a, b, w + 1 ) ) return true; arr[a + b * wid].val = 0; } } } return false; } unsigned char getNeighbors( int x, int y ) { unsigned char c = 0; int a, b; for( int xx = 0; xx < 8; xx++ ) { a = x + dx[xx], b = y + dy[xx]; if( a < 0 || b < 0 || a >= wid || b >= hei ) continue; if( arr[a + b * wid].val > -1 ) c |= ( 1 << xx ); } return c; } void solveIt() { int x, y, z; findStart( x, y, z ); if( z == 99999 ) { cout << "\nCan't find start point!\n"; return; } search( x, y, z + 1 ); } void findStart( int& x, int& y, int& z ) { for( int b = 0; b < hei; b++ ) for( int a = 0; a < wid; a++ ) if( arr[a + wid * b].val == 0 ) { x = a; y = b; z = 1; arr[a + wid * b].val = z; return; } } int wid, hei, max, dx[8], dy[8]; node* arr; }; int main( int argc, char* argv[] ) { int wid; string p; p = "* . . * . . * . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * . . . . . * * * . . . * * * * * . * * *"; wid = 7; istringstream iss( p ); vector<string> puzz; copy( istream_iterator<string>( iss ), istream_iterator<string>(), back_inserter<vector<string> >( puzz ) ); nSolver s; s.solve( puzz, wid ); int c = 0; for( vector<string>::iterator i = puzz.begin(); i != puzz.end(); i++ ) { if( ( *i ) != "*" && ( *i ) != "." ) { if( atoi( ( *i ).c_str() ) < 10 ) cout << "0"; cout << ( *i ) << " "; } else cout << " "; if( ++c >= wid ) { cout << endl; c = 0; } } cout << endl << endl; return system( "pause" ); }
Can you help me rewrite this code in C++ instead of Go, keeping it the same logically?
package main import ( "fmt" "strings" ) type BitSet []bool func (bs BitSet) and(other BitSet) { for i := range bs { if bs[i] && other[i] { bs[i] = true } else { bs[i] = false } } } func (bs BitSet) or(other BitSet) { for i := range bs { if bs[i] || other[i] { bs[i] = true } else { bs[i] = false } } } func iff(cond bool, s1, s2 string) string { if cond { return s1 } return s2 } func newPuzzle(data [2]string) { rowData := strings.Fields(data[0]) colData := strings.Fields(data[1]) rows := getCandidates(rowData, len(colData)) cols := getCandidates(colData, len(rowData)) for { numChanged := reduceMutual(cols, rows) if numChanged == -1 { fmt.Println("No solution") return } if numChanged == 0 { break } } for _, row := range rows { for i := 0; i < len(cols); i++ { fmt.Printf(iff(row[0][i], "# ", ". ")) } fmt.Println() } fmt.Println() } func getCandidates(data []string, le int) [][]BitSet { var result [][]BitSet for _, s := range data { var lst []BitSet a := []byte(s) sumBytes := 0 for _, b := range a { sumBytes += int(b - 'A' + 1) } prep := make([]string, len(a)) for i, b := range a { prep[i] = strings.Repeat("1", int(b-'A'+1)) } for _, r := range genSequence(prep, le-sumBytes+1) { bits := []byte(r[1:]) bitset := make(BitSet, len(bits)) for i, b := range bits { bitset[i] = b == '1' } lst = append(lst, bitset) } result = append(result, lst) } return result } func genSequence(ones []string, numZeros int) []string { le := len(ones) if le == 0 { return []string{strings.Repeat("0", numZeros)} } var result []string for x := 1; x < numZeros-le+2; x++ { skipOne := ones[1:] for _, tail := range genSequence(skipOne, numZeros-x) { result = append(result, strings.Repeat("0", x)+ones[0]+tail) } } return result } func reduceMutual(cols, rows [][]BitSet) int { countRemoved1 := reduce(cols, rows) if countRemoved1 == -1 { return -1 } countRemoved2 := reduce(rows, cols) if countRemoved2 == -1 { return -1 } return countRemoved1 + countRemoved2 } func reduce(a, b [][]BitSet) int { countRemoved := 0 for i := 0; i < len(a); i++ { commonOn := make(BitSet, len(b)) for j := 0; j < len(b); j++ { commonOn[j] = true } commonOff := make(BitSet, len(b)) for _, candidate := range a[i] { commonOn.and(candidate) commonOff.or(candidate) } for j := 0; j < len(b); j++ { fi, fj := i, j for k := len(b[j]) - 1; k >= 0; k-- { cnd := b[j][k] if (commonOn[fj] && !cnd[fi]) || (!commonOff[fj] && cnd[fi]) { lb := len(b[j]) copy(b[j][k:], b[j][k+1:]) b[j][lb-1] = nil b[j] = b[j][:lb-1] countRemoved++ } } if len(b[j]) == 0 { return -1 } } } return countRemoved } func main() { p1 := [2]string{"C BA CB BB F AE F A B", "AB CA AE GA E C D C"} p2 := [2]string{ "F CAC ACAC CN AAA AABB EBB EAA ECCC HCCC", "D D AE CD AE A DA BBB CC AAB BAA AAB DA AAB AAA BAB AAA CD BBA DA", } p3 := [2]string{ "CA BDA ACC BD CCAC CBBAC BBBBB BAABAA ABAD AABB BBH " + "BBBD ABBAAA CCEA AACAAB BCACC ACBH DCH ADBE ADBB DBE ECE DAA DB CC", "BC CAC CBAB BDD CDBDE BEBDF ADCDFA DCCFB DBCFC ABDBA BBF AAF BADB DBF " + "AAAAD BDG CEF CBDB BBB FC", } p4 := [2]string{ "E BCB BEA BH BEK AABAF ABAC BAA BFB OD JH BADCF Q Q R AN AAN EI H G", "E CB BAB AAA AAA AC BB ACC ACCA AGB AIA AJ AJ " + "ACE AH BAF CAG DAG FAH FJ GJ ADK ABK BL CM", } for _, puzzleData := range [][2]string{p1, p2, p3, p4} { newPuzzle(puzzleData) } }
template<uint _N, uint _G> class Nonogram { enum class ng_val : char {X='#',B='.',V='?'}; template<uint _NG> struct N { N() {} N(std::vector<int> ni,const int l) : X{},B{},Tx{},Tb{},ng(ni),En{},gNG(l){} std::bitset<_NG> X, B, T, Tx, Tb; std::vector<int> ng; int En, gNG; void fn (const int n,const int i,const int g,const int e,const int l){ if (fe(g,l,false) and fe(g+l,e,true)){ if ((n+1) < ng.size()) {if (fe(g+e+l,1,false)) fn(n+1,i-e-1,g+e+l+1,ng[n+1],0);} else { if (fe(g+e+l,gNG-(g+e+l),false)){Tb &= T.flip(); Tx &= T.flip(); ++En;} }} if (l<=gNG-g-i-1) fn(n,i,g,e,l+1); } void fi (const int n,const bool g) {X.set(n,g); B.set(n, not g);} ng_val fg (const int n) const{return (X.test(n))? ng_val::X : (B.test(n))? ng_val::B : ng_val::V;} inline bool fe (const int n,const int i, const bool g){ for (int e = n;e<n+i;++e) if ((g and fg(e)==ng_val::B) or (!g and fg(e)==ng_val::X)) return false; else T[e] = g; return true; } int fl (){ if (En == 1) return 1; Tx.set(); Tb.set(); En=0; fn(0,std::accumulate(ng.cbegin(),ng.cend(),0)+ng.size()-1,0,ng[0],0); return En; }}; std::vector<N<_G>> ng; std::vector<N<_N>> gn; int En, zN, zG; void setCell(uint n, uint i, bool g){ng[n].fi(i,g); gn[i].fi(n,g);} public: Nonogram(const std::vector<std::vector<int>>& n,const std::vector<std::vector<int>>& i,const std::vector<std::string>& g = {}) : ng{}, gn{}, En{}, zN(n.size()), zG(i.size()) { for (int n=0; n<zG; n++) gn.push_back(N<_N>(i[n],zN)); for (int i=0; i<zN; i++) { ng.push_back(N<_G>(n[i],zG)); if (i < g.size()) for(int e=0; e<zG or e<g[i].size(); e++) if (g[i][e]=='#') setCell(i,e,true); }} bool solve(){ int i{}, g{}; for (int l = 0; l<zN; l++) { if ((g = ng[l].fl()) == 0) return false; else i+=g; for (int i = 0; i<zG; i++) if (ng[l].Tx[i] != ng[l].Tb[i]) setCell (l,i,ng[l].Tx[i]); } for (int l = 0; l<zG; l++) { if ((g = gn[l].fl()) == 0) return false; else i+=g; for (int i = 0; i<zN; i++) if (gn[l].Tx[i] != gn[l].Tb[i]) setCell (i,l,gn[l].Tx[i]); } if (i == En) return false; else En = i; if (i == zN+zG) return true; else return solve(); } const std::string toStr() const { std::ostringstream n; for (int i = 0; i<zN; i++){for (int g = 0; g<zG; g++){n << static_cast<char>(ng[i].fg(g));}n<<std::endl;} return n.str(); }};
Can you help me rewrite this code in C++ instead of Go, keeping it the same logically?
package main import ( "fmt" "strings" ) type BitSet []bool func (bs BitSet) and(other BitSet) { for i := range bs { if bs[i] && other[i] { bs[i] = true } else { bs[i] = false } } } func (bs BitSet) or(other BitSet) { for i := range bs { if bs[i] || other[i] { bs[i] = true } else { bs[i] = false } } } func iff(cond bool, s1, s2 string) string { if cond { return s1 } return s2 } func newPuzzle(data [2]string) { rowData := strings.Fields(data[0]) colData := strings.Fields(data[1]) rows := getCandidates(rowData, len(colData)) cols := getCandidates(colData, len(rowData)) for { numChanged := reduceMutual(cols, rows) if numChanged == -1 { fmt.Println("No solution") return } if numChanged == 0 { break } } for _, row := range rows { for i := 0; i < len(cols); i++ { fmt.Printf(iff(row[0][i], "# ", ". ")) } fmt.Println() } fmt.Println() } func getCandidates(data []string, le int) [][]BitSet { var result [][]BitSet for _, s := range data { var lst []BitSet a := []byte(s) sumBytes := 0 for _, b := range a { sumBytes += int(b - 'A' + 1) } prep := make([]string, len(a)) for i, b := range a { prep[i] = strings.Repeat("1", int(b-'A'+1)) } for _, r := range genSequence(prep, le-sumBytes+1) { bits := []byte(r[1:]) bitset := make(BitSet, len(bits)) for i, b := range bits { bitset[i] = b == '1' } lst = append(lst, bitset) } result = append(result, lst) } return result } func genSequence(ones []string, numZeros int) []string { le := len(ones) if le == 0 { return []string{strings.Repeat("0", numZeros)} } var result []string for x := 1; x < numZeros-le+2; x++ { skipOne := ones[1:] for _, tail := range genSequence(skipOne, numZeros-x) { result = append(result, strings.Repeat("0", x)+ones[0]+tail) } } return result } func reduceMutual(cols, rows [][]BitSet) int { countRemoved1 := reduce(cols, rows) if countRemoved1 == -1 { return -1 } countRemoved2 := reduce(rows, cols) if countRemoved2 == -1 { return -1 } return countRemoved1 + countRemoved2 } func reduce(a, b [][]BitSet) int { countRemoved := 0 for i := 0; i < len(a); i++ { commonOn := make(BitSet, len(b)) for j := 0; j < len(b); j++ { commonOn[j] = true } commonOff := make(BitSet, len(b)) for _, candidate := range a[i] { commonOn.and(candidate) commonOff.or(candidate) } for j := 0; j < len(b); j++ { fi, fj := i, j for k := len(b[j]) - 1; k >= 0; k-- { cnd := b[j][k] if (commonOn[fj] && !cnd[fi]) || (!commonOff[fj] && cnd[fi]) { lb := len(b[j]) copy(b[j][k:], b[j][k+1:]) b[j][lb-1] = nil b[j] = b[j][:lb-1] countRemoved++ } } if len(b[j]) == 0 { return -1 } } } return countRemoved } func main() { p1 := [2]string{"C BA CB BB F AE F A B", "AB CA AE GA E C D C"} p2 := [2]string{ "F CAC ACAC CN AAA AABB EBB EAA ECCC HCCC", "D D AE CD AE A DA BBB CC AAB BAA AAB DA AAB AAA BAB AAA CD BBA DA", } p3 := [2]string{ "CA BDA ACC BD CCAC CBBAC BBBBB BAABAA ABAD AABB BBH " + "BBBD ABBAAA CCEA AACAAB BCACC ACBH DCH ADBE ADBB DBE ECE DAA DB CC", "BC CAC CBAB BDD CDBDE BEBDF ADCDFA DCCFB DBCFC ABDBA BBF AAF BADB DBF " + "AAAAD BDG CEF CBDB BBB FC", } p4 := [2]string{ "E BCB BEA BH BEK AABAF ABAC BAA BFB OD JH BADCF Q Q R AN AAN EI H G", "E CB BAB AAA AAA AC BB ACC ACCA AGB AIA AJ AJ " + "ACE AH BAF CAG DAG FAH FJ GJ ADK ABK BL CM", } for _, puzzleData := range [][2]string{p1, p2, p3, p4} { newPuzzle(puzzleData) } }
template<uint _N, uint _G> class Nonogram { enum class ng_val : char {X='#',B='.',V='?'}; template<uint _NG> struct N { N() {} N(std::vector<int> ni,const int l) : X{},B{},Tx{},Tb{},ng(ni),En{},gNG(l){} std::bitset<_NG> X, B, T, Tx, Tb; std::vector<int> ng; int En, gNG; void fn (const int n,const int i,const int g,const int e,const int l){ if (fe(g,l,false) and fe(g+l,e,true)){ if ((n+1) < ng.size()) {if (fe(g+e+l,1,false)) fn(n+1,i-e-1,g+e+l+1,ng[n+1],0);} else { if (fe(g+e+l,gNG-(g+e+l),false)){Tb &= T.flip(); Tx &= T.flip(); ++En;} }} if (l<=gNG-g-i-1) fn(n,i,g,e,l+1); } void fi (const int n,const bool g) {X.set(n,g); B.set(n, not g);} ng_val fg (const int n) const{return (X.test(n))? ng_val::X : (B.test(n))? ng_val::B : ng_val::V;} inline bool fe (const int n,const int i, const bool g){ for (int e = n;e<n+i;++e) if ((g and fg(e)==ng_val::B) or (!g and fg(e)==ng_val::X)) return false; else T[e] = g; return true; } int fl (){ if (En == 1) return 1; Tx.set(); Tb.set(); En=0; fn(0,std::accumulate(ng.cbegin(),ng.cend(),0)+ng.size()-1,0,ng[0],0); return En; }}; std::vector<N<_G>> ng; std::vector<N<_N>> gn; int En, zN, zG; void setCell(uint n, uint i, bool g){ng[n].fi(i,g); gn[i].fi(n,g);} public: Nonogram(const std::vector<std::vector<int>>& n,const std::vector<std::vector<int>>& i,const std::vector<std::string>& g = {}) : ng{}, gn{}, En{}, zN(n.size()), zG(i.size()) { for (int n=0; n<zG; n++) gn.push_back(N<_N>(i[n],zN)); for (int i=0; i<zN; i++) { ng.push_back(N<_G>(n[i],zG)); if (i < g.size()) for(int e=0; e<zG or e<g[i].size(); e++) if (g[i][e]=='#') setCell(i,e,true); }} bool solve(){ int i{}, g{}; for (int l = 0; l<zN; l++) { if ((g = ng[l].fl()) == 0) return false; else i+=g; for (int i = 0; i<zG; i++) if (ng[l].Tx[i] != ng[l].Tb[i]) setCell (l,i,ng[l].Tx[i]); } for (int l = 0; l<zG; l++) { if ((g = gn[l].fl()) == 0) return false; else i+=g; for (int i = 0; i<zN; i++) if (gn[l].Tx[i] != gn[l].Tb[i]) setCell (i,l,gn[l].Tx[i]); } if (i == En) return false; else En = i; if (i == zN+zG) return true; else return solve(); } const std::string toStr() const { std::ostringstream n; for (int i = 0; i<zN; i++){for (int g = 0; g<zG; g++){n << static_cast<char>(ng[i].fg(g));}n<<std::endl;} return n.str(); }};
Rewrite this program in C++ while keeping its functionality equivalent to the Go version.
package main import ( "bufio" "fmt" "log" "math/rand" "os" "regexp" "strings" "time" ) var dirs = [][]int{{1, 0}, {0, 1}, {1, 1}, {1, -1}, {-1, 0}, {0, -1}, {-1, -1}, {-1, 1}} const ( nRows = 10 nCols = nRows gridSize = nRows * nCols minWords = 25 ) var ( re1 = regexp.MustCompile(fmt.Sprintf("^[a-z]{3,%d}$", nRows)) re2 = regexp.MustCompile("[^A-Z]") ) type grid struct { numAttempts int cells [nRows][nCols]byte solutions []string } func check(err error) { if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } } func readWords(fileName string) []string { file, err := os.Open(fileName) check(err) defer file.Close() var words []string scanner := bufio.NewScanner(file) for scanner.Scan() { word := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(scanner.Text())) if re1.MatchString(word) { words = append(words, word) } } check(scanner.Err()) return words } func createWordSearch(words []string) *grid { var gr *grid outer: for i := 1; i < 100; i++ { gr = new(grid) messageLen := gr.placeMessage("Rosetta Code") target := gridSize - messageLen cellsFilled := 0 rand.Shuffle(len(words), func(i, j int) { words[i], words[j] = words[j], words[i] }) for _, word := range words { cellsFilled += gr.tryPlaceWord(word) if cellsFilled == target { if len(gr.solutions) >= minWords { gr.numAttempts = i break outer } else { break } } } } return gr } func (gr *grid) placeMessage(msg string) int { msg = strings.ToUpper(msg) msg = re2.ReplaceAllLiteralString(msg, "") messageLen := len(msg) if messageLen > 0 && messageLen < gridSize { gapSize := gridSize / messageLen for i := 0; i < messageLen; i++ { pos := i*gapSize + rand.Intn(gapSize) gr.cells[pos/nCols][pos%nCols] = msg[i] } return messageLen } return 0 } func (gr *grid) tryPlaceWord(word string) int { randDir := rand.Intn(len(dirs)) randPos := rand.Intn(gridSize) for dir := 0; dir < len(dirs); dir++ { dir = (dir + randDir) % len(dirs) for pos := 0; pos < gridSize; pos++ { pos = (pos + randPos) % gridSize lettersPlaced := gr.tryLocation(word, dir, pos) if lettersPlaced > 0 { return lettersPlaced } } } return 0 } func (gr *grid) tryLocation(word string, dir, pos int) int { r := pos / nCols c := pos % nCols le := len(word) if (dirs[dir][0] == 1 && (le+c) > nCols) || (dirs[dir][0] == -1 && (le-1) > c) || (dirs[dir][1] == 1 && (le+r) > nRows) || (dirs[dir][1] == -1 && (le-1) > r) { return 0 } overlaps := 0 rr := r cc := c for i := 0; i < le; i++ { if gr.cells[rr][cc] != 0 && gr.cells[rr][cc] != word[i] { return 0 } cc += dirs[dir][0] rr += dirs[dir][1] } rr = r cc = c for i := 0; i < le; i++ { if gr.cells[rr][cc] == word[i] { overlaps++ } else { gr.cells[rr][cc] = word[i] } if i < le-1 { cc += dirs[dir][0] rr += dirs[dir][1] } } lettersPlaced := le - overlaps if lettersPlaced > 0 { sol := fmt.Sprintf("%-10s (%d,%d)(%d,%d)", word, c, r, cc, rr) gr.solutions = append(gr.solutions, sol) } return lettersPlaced } func printResult(gr *grid) { if gr.numAttempts == 0 { fmt.Println("No grid to display") return } size := len(gr.solutions) fmt.Println("Attempts:", gr.numAttempts) fmt.Println("Number of words:", size) fmt.Println("\n 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9") for r := 0; r < nRows; r++ { fmt.Printf("\n%d ", r) for c := 0; c < nCols; c++ { fmt.Printf(" %c ", gr.cells[r][c]) } } fmt.Println("\n") for i := 0; i < size-1; i += 2 { fmt.Printf("%s %s\n", gr.solutions[i], gr.solutions[i+1]) } if size%2 == 1 { fmt.Println(gr.solutions[size-1]) } } func main() { rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano()) unixDictPath := "/usr/share/dict/words" printResult(createWordSearch(readWords(unixDictPath))) }
#include <iomanip> #include <ctime> #include <iostream> #include <vector> #include <string> #include <algorithm> #include <fstream> const int WID = 10, HEI = 10, MIN_WORD_LEN = 3, MIN_WORD_CNT = 25; class Cell { public: Cell() : val( 0 ), cntOverlap( 0 ) {} char val; int cntOverlap; }; class Word { public: Word( std::string s, int cs, int rs, int ce, int re, int dc, int dr ) : word( s ), cols( cs ), rows( rs ), cole( ce ), rowe( re ), dx( dc ), dy( dr ) {} bool operator ==( const std::string& s ) { return 0 == word.compare( s ); } std::string word; int cols, rows, cole, rowe, dx, dy; }; class words { public: void create( std::string& file ) { std::ifstream f( file.c_str(), std::ios_base::in ); std::string word; while( f >> word ) { if( word.length() < MIN_WORD_LEN || word.length() > WID || word.length() > HEI ) continue; if( word.find_first_not_of( "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz" ) != word.npos ) continue; dictionary.push_back( word ); } f.close(); std::random_shuffle( dictionary.begin(), dictionary.end() ); buildPuzzle(); } void printOut() { std::cout << "\t"; for( int x = 0; x < WID; x++ ) std::cout << x << " "; std::cout << "\n\n"; for( int y = 0; y < HEI; y++ ) { std::cout << y << "\t"; for( int x = 0; x < WID; x++ ) std::cout << puzzle[x][y].val << " "; std::cout << "\n"; } size_t wid1 = 0, wid2 = 0; for( size_t x = 0; x < used.size(); x++ ) { if( x & 1 ) { if( used[x].word.length() > wid1 ) wid1 = used[x].word.length(); } else { if( used[x].word.length() > wid2 ) wid2 = used[x].word.length(); } } std::cout << "\n"; std::vector<Word>::iterator w = used.begin(); while( w != used.end() ) { std::cout << std::right << std::setw( wid1 ) << ( *w ).word << " (" << ( *w ).cols << ", " << ( *w ).rows << ") (" << ( *w ).cole << ", " << ( *w ).rowe << ")\t"; w++; if( w == used.end() ) break; std::cout << std::setw( wid2 ) << ( *w ).word << " (" << ( *w ).cols << ", " << ( *w ).rows << ") (" << ( *w ).cole << ", " << ( *w ).rowe << ")\n"; w++; } std::cout << "\n\n"; } private: void addMsg() { std::string msg = "ROSETTACODE"; int stp = 9, p = rand() % stp; for( size_t x = 0; x < msg.length(); x++ ) { puzzle[p % WID][p / HEI].val = msg.at( x ); p += rand() % stp + 4; } } int getEmptySpaces() { int es = 0; for( int y = 0; y < HEI; y++ ) { for( int x = 0; x < WID; x++ ) { if( !puzzle[x][y].val ) es++; } } return es; } bool check( std::string word, int c, int r, int dc, int dr ) { for( size_t a = 0; a < word.length(); a++ ) { if( c < 0 || r < 0 || c >= WID || r >= HEI ) return false; if( puzzle[c][r].val && puzzle[c][r].val != word.at( a ) ) return false; c += dc; r += dr; } return true; } bool setWord( std::string word, int c, int r, int dc, int dr ) { if( !check( word, c, r, dc, dr ) ) return false; int sx = c, sy = r; for( size_t a = 0; a < word.length(); a++ ) { if( !puzzle[c][r].val ) puzzle[c][r].val = word.at( a ); else puzzle[c][r].cntOverlap++; c += dc; r += dr; } used.push_back( Word( word, sx, sy, c - dc, r - dr, dc, dr ) ); return true; } bool add2Puzzle( std::string word ) { int x = rand() % WID, y = rand() % HEI, z = rand() % 8; for( int d = z; d < z + 8; d++ ) { switch( d % 8 ) { case 0: if( setWord( word, x, y, 1, 0 ) ) return true; break; case 1: if( setWord( word, x, y, -1, -1 ) ) return true; break; case 2: if( setWord( word, x, y, 0, 1 ) ) return true; break; case 3: if( setWord( word, x, y, 1, -1 ) ) return true; break; case 4: if( setWord( word, x, y, -1, 0 ) ) return true; break; case 5: if( setWord( word, x, y, -1, 1 ) ) return true; break; case 6: if( setWord( word, x, y, 0, -1 ) ) return true; break; case 7: if( setWord( word, x, y, 1, 1 ) ) return true; break; } } return false; } void clearWord() { if( used.size() ) { Word lastW = used.back(); used.pop_back(); for( size_t a = 0; a < lastW.word.length(); a++ ) { if( puzzle[lastW.cols][lastW.rows].cntOverlap == 0 ) { puzzle[lastW.cols][lastW.rows].val = 0; } if( puzzle[lastW.cols][lastW.rows].cntOverlap > 0 ) { puzzle[lastW.cols][lastW.rows].cntOverlap--; } lastW.cols += lastW.dx; lastW.rows += lastW.dy; } } } void buildPuzzle() { addMsg(); int es = 0, cnt = 0; size_t idx = 0; do { for( std::vector<std::string>::iterator w = dictionary.begin(); w != dictionary.end(); w++ ) { if( std::find( used.begin(), used.end(), *w ) != used.end() ) continue; if( add2Puzzle( *w ) ) { es = getEmptySpaces(); if( !es && used.size() >= MIN_WORD_CNT ) return; } } clearWord(); std::random_shuffle( dictionary.begin(), dictionary.end() ); } while( ++cnt < 100 ); } std::vector<Word> used; std::vector<std::string> dictionary; Cell puzzle[WID][HEI]; }; int main( int argc, char* argv[] ) { unsigned s = unsigned( time( 0 ) ); srand( s ); words w; w.create( std::string( "unixdict.txt" ) ); w.printOut(); return 0; }
Can you help me rewrite this code in C++ instead of Go, keeping it the same logically?
package main import ( "bufio" "errors" "fmt" "os" "reflect" "unsafe" ) type foobar struct { Exported int unexported int } func main() { obj := foobar{12, 42} fmt.Println("obj:", obj) examineAndModify(&obj) fmt.Println("obj:", obj) anotherExample() } func examineAndModify(any interface{}) { v := reflect.ValueOf(any) v = v.Elem() fmt.Println(" v:", v, "=", v.Interface()) t := v.Type() fmt.Printf(" %3s %-10s %-4s %s\n", "Idx", "Name", "Type", "CanSet") for i := 0; i < v.NumField(); i++ { f := v.Field(i) fmt.Printf(" %2d: %-10s %-4s %t\n", i, t.Field(i).Name, f.Type(), f.CanSet()) } v.Field(0).SetInt(16) vp := v.Field(1).Addr() up := unsafe.Pointer(vp.Pointer()) p := (*int)(up) fmt.Printf(" vp has type %-14T = %v\n", vp, vp) fmt.Printf(" up has type %-14T = %#0x\n", up, up) fmt.Printf(" p has type %-14T = %v pointing at %v\n", p, p, *p) *p = 43 *(*int)(unsafe.Pointer(v.Field(1).Addr().Pointer()))++ } func anotherExample() { r := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin) errp := (*error)(unsafe.Pointer( reflect.ValueOf(r).Elem().FieldByName("err").Addr().Pointer())) *errp = errors.New("unsafely injected error value into bufio inner workings") _, err := r.ReadByte() fmt.Println("bufio.ReadByte returned error:", err) }
#include <iostream> class CWidget; class CFactory { friend class CWidget; private: unsigned int m_uiCount; public: CFactory(); ~CFactory(); CWidget* GetWidget(); }; class CWidget { private: CFactory& m_parent; private: CWidget(); CWidget(const CWidget&); CWidget& operator=(const CWidget&); public: CWidget(CFactory& parent); ~CWidget(); }; CFactory::CFactory() : m_uiCount(0) {} CFactory::~CFactory() {} CWidget* CFactory::GetWidget() { return new CWidget(*this); } CWidget::CWidget(CFactory& parent) : m_parent(parent) { ++m_parent.m_uiCount; std::cout << "Widget spawning. There are now " << m_parent.m_uiCount << " Widgets instanciated." << std::endl; } CWidget::~CWidget() { --m_parent.m_uiCount; std::cout << "Widget dieing. There are now " << m_parent.m_uiCount << " Widgets instanciated." << std::endl; } int main() { CFactory factory; CWidget* pWidget1 = factory.GetWidget(); CWidget* pWidget2 = factory.GetWidget(); delete pWidget1; CWidget* pWidget3 = factory.GetWidget(); delete pWidget3; delete pWidget2; }
Port the following code from Go to C++ with equivalent syntax and logic.
package main import ( "bufio" "errors" "fmt" "os" "reflect" "unsafe" ) type foobar struct { Exported int unexported int } func main() { obj := foobar{12, 42} fmt.Println("obj:", obj) examineAndModify(&obj) fmt.Println("obj:", obj) anotherExample() } func examineAndModify(any interface{}) { v := reflect.ValueOf(any) v = v.Elem() fmt.Println(" v:", v, "=", v.Interface()) t := v.Type() fmt.Printf(" %3s %-10s %-4s %s\n", "Idx", "Name", "Type", "CanSet") for i := 0; i < v.NumField(); i++ { f := v.Field(i) fmt.Printf(" %2d: %-10s %-4s %t\n", i, t.Field(i).Name, f.Type(), f.CanSet()) } v.Field(0).SetInt(16) vp := v.Field(1).Addr() up := unsafe.Pointer(vp.Pointer()) p := (*int)(up) fmt.Printf(" vp has type %-14T = %v\n", vp, vp) fmt.Printf(" up has type %-14T = %#0x\n", up, up) fmt.Printf(" p has type %-14T = %v pointing at %v\n", p, p, *p) *p = 43 *(*int)(unsafe.Pointer(v.Field(1).Addr().Pointer()))++ } func anotherExample() { r := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin) errp := (*error)(unsafe.Pointer( reflect.ValueOf(r).Elem().FieldByName("err").Addr().Pointer())) *errp = errors.New("unsafely injected error value into bufio inner workings") _, err := r.ReadByte() fmt.Println("bufio.ReadByte returned error:", err) }
#include <iostream> class CWidget; class CFactory { friend class CWidget; private: unsigned int m_uiCount; public: CFactory(); ~CFactory(); CWidget* GetWidget(); }; class CWidget { private: CFactory& m_parent; private: CWidget(); CWidget(const CWidget&); CWidget& operator=(const CWidget&); public: CWidget(CFactory& parent); ~CWidget(); }; CFactory::CFactory() : m_uiCount(0) {} CFactory::~CFactory() {} CWidget* CFactory::GetWidget() { return new CWidget(*this); } CWidget::CWidget(CFactory& parent) : m_parent(parent) { ++m_parent.m_uiCount; std::cout << "Widget spawning. There are now " << m_parent.m_uiCount << " Widgets instanciated." << std::endl; } CWidget::~CWidget() { --m_parent.m_uiCount; std::cout << "Widget dieing. There are now " << m_parent.m_uiCount << " Widgets instanciated." << std::endl; } int main() { CFactory factory; CWidget* pWidget1 = factory.GetWidget(); CWidget* pWidget2 = factory.GetWidget(); delete pWidget1; CWidget* pWidget3 = factory.GetWidget(); delete pWidget3; delete pWidget2; }
Please provide an equivalent version of this Go code in C++.
package main import ( "bufio" "errors" "fmt" "os" "reflect" "unsafe" ) type foobar struct { Exported int unexported int } func main() { obj := foobar{12, 42} fmt.Println("obj:", obj) examineAndModify(&obj) fmt.Println("obj:", obj) anotherExample() } func examineAndModify(any interface{}) { v := reflect.ValueOf(any) v = v.Elem() fmt.Println(" v:", v, "=", v.Interface()) t := v.Type() fmt.Printf(" %3s %-10s %-4s %s\n", "Idx", "Name", "Type", "CanSet") for i := 0; i < v.NumField(); i++ { f := v.Field(i) fmt.Printf(" %2d: %-10s %-4s %t\n", i, t.Field(i).Name, f.Type(), f.CanSet()) } v.Field(0).SetInt(16) vp := v.Field(1).Addr() up := unsafe.Pointer(vp.Pointer()) p := (*int)(up) fmt.Printf(" vp has type %-14T = %v\n", vp, vp) fmt.Printf(" up has type %-14T = %#0x\n", up, up) fmt.Printf(" p has type %-14T = %v pointing at %v\n", p, p, *p) *p = 43 *(*int)(unsafe.Pointer(v.Field(1).Addr().Pointer()))++ } func anotherExample() { r := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin) errp := (*error)(unsafe.Pointer( reflect.ValueOf(r).Elem().FieldByName("err").Addr().Pointer())) *errp = errors.New("unsafely injected error value into bufio inner workings") _, err := r.ReadByte() fmt.Println("bufio.ReadByte returned error:", err) }
#include <iostream> class CWidget; class CFactory { friend class CWidget; private: unsigned int m_uiCount; public: CFactory(); ~CFactory(); CWidget* GetWidget(); }; class CWidget { private: CFactory& m_parent; private: CWidget(); CWidget(const CWidget&); CWidget& operator=(const CWidget&); public: CWidget(CFactory& parent); ~CWidget(); }; CFactory::CFactory() : m_uiCount(0) {} CFactory::~CFactory() {} CWidget* CFactory::GetWidget() { return new CWidget(*this); } CWidget::CWidget(CFactory& parent) : m_parent(parent) { ++m_parent.m_uiCount; std::cout << "Widget spawning. There are now " << m_parent.m_uiCount << " Widgets instanciated." << std::endl; } CWidget::~CWidget() { --m_parent.m_uiCount; std::cout << "Widget dieing. There are now " << m_parent.m_uiCount << " Widgets instanciated." << std::endl; } int main() { CFactory factory; CWidget* pWidget1 = factory.GetWidget(); CWidget* pWidget2 = factory.GetWidget(); delete pWidget1; CWidget* pWidget3 = factory.GetWidget(); delete pWidget3; delete pWidget2; }
Write a version of this Go function in C++ with identical behavior.
package main import ( "encoding/gob" "fmt" "os" ) type printable interface { print() } func main() { animals := []printable{ &Animal{Alive: true}, &Cat{}, &Lab{ Dog: Dog{Animal: Animal{Alive: true}}, Color: "yellow", }, &Collie{Dog: Dog{ Animal: Animal{Alive: true}, ObedienceTrained: true, }}, } fmt.Println("created:") for _, a := range animals { a.print() } f, err := os.Create("objects.dat") if err != nil { fmt.Println(err) return } for _, a := range animals { gob.Register(a) } err = gob.NewEncoder(f).Encode(animals) if err != nil { fmt.Println(err) return } f.Close() f, err = os.Open("objects.dat") if err != nil { fmt.Println(err) return } var clones []printable gob.NewDecoder(f).Decode(&clones) if err != nil { fmt.Println(err) return } fmt.Println("\nloaded from objects.dat:") for _, c := range clones { c.print() } } type Animal struct { Alive bool } func (a *Animal) print() { if a.Alive { fmt.Println(" live animal, unspecified type") } else { fmt.Println(" dead animal, unspecified type") } } type Dog struct { Animal ObedienceTrained bool } func (d *Dog) print() { switch { case !d.Alive: fmt.Println(" dead dog") case d.ObedienceTrained: fmt.Println(" trained dog") default: fmt.Println(" dog, not trained") } } type Cat struct { Animal LitterBoxTrained bool } func (c *Cat) print() { switch { case !c.Alive: fmt.Println(" dead cat") case c.LitterBoxTrained: fmt.Println(" litter box trained cat") default: fmt.Println(" cat, not litter box trained") } } type Lab struct { Dog Color string } func (l *Lab) print() { var r string if l.Color == "" { r = "lab, color unspecified" } else { r = l.Color + " lab" } switch { case !l.Alive: fmt.Println(" dead", r) case l.ObedienceTrained: fmt.Println(" trained", r) default: fmt.Printf(" %s, not trained\n", r) } } type Collie struct { Dog CatchesFrisbee bool } func (c *Collie) print() { switch { case !c.Alive: fmt.Println(" dead collie") case c.ObedienceTrained && c.CatchesFrisbee: fmt.Println(" trained collie, catches frisbee") case c.ObedienceTrained && !c.CatchesFrisbee: fmt.Println(" trained collie, but doesn't catch frisbee") case !c.ObedienceTrained && c.CatchesFrisbee: fmt.Println(" collie, not trained, but catches frisbee") case !c.ObedienceTrained && !c.CatchesFrisbee: fmt.Println(" collie, not trained, doesn't catch frisbee") } }
#include <string> #include <fstream> #include <boost/serialization/string.hpp> #include <boost/archive/text_oarchive.hpp> #include <boost/archive/text_iarchive.hpp> #include <boost/serialization/base_object.hpp> #include <iostream> class Employee { public : Employee( ) { } Employee ( const std::string &dep , const std::string &namen ) : department( dep ) , name( namen ) { my_id = count++ ; } std::string getName( ) const { return name ; } std::string getDepartment( ) const { return department ; } int getId( ) const { return my_id ; } void setDepartment( const std::string &dep ) { department.assign( dep ) ; } virtual void print( ) { std::cout << "Name: " << name << '\n' ; std::cout << "Id: " << my_id << '\n' ; std::cout << "Department: " << department << '\n' ; } virtual ~Employee( ) { } static int count ; private : std::string name ; std::string department ; int my_id ; friend class boost::serialization::access ; template <class Archive> void serialize( Archive &ar, const unsigned int version ) { ar & my_id ; ar & name ; ar & department ; } } ; class Worker : public Employee { public : Worker( const std::string & dep, const std::string &namen , double hourlyPay ) : Employee( dep , namen ) , salary( hourlyPay) { } Worker( ) { } double getSalary( ) { return salary ; } void setSalary( double pay ) { if ( pay > 0 ) salary = pay ; } virtual void print( ) { Employee::print( ) ; std::cout << "wage per hour: " << salary << '\n' ; } private : double salary ; friend class boost::serialization::access ; template <class Archive> void serialize ( Archive & ar, const unsigned int version ) { ar & boost::serialization::base_object<Employee>( *this ) ; ar & salary ; } } ; int Employee::count = 0 ; int main( ) { std::ofstream storefile( "/home/ulrich/objects.dat" ) ; const Employee emp1( "maintenance" , "Fritz Schmalstieg" ) ; const Employee emp2( "maintenance" , "John Berry" ) ; const Employee emp3( "repair" , "Pawel Lichatschow" ) ; const Employee emp4( "IT" , "Marian Niculescu" ) ; const Worker worker1( "maintenance" , "Laurent Le Chef" , 20 ) ; const Worker worker2 ( "IT" , "Srinivan Taraman" , 55.35 ) ; boost::archive::text_oarchive oar ( storefile ) ; oar << emp1 ; oar << emp2 ; oar << emp3 ; oar << emp4 ; oar << worker1 ; oar << worker2 ; storefile.close( ) ; std::cout << "Reading out the data again\n" ; Employee e1 , e2 , e3 , e4 ; Worker w1, w2 ; std::ifstream sourcefile( "/home/ulrich/objects.dat" ) ; boost::archive::text_iarchive iar( sourcefile ) ; iar >> e1 >> e2 >> e3 >> e4 ; iar >> w1 >> w2 ; sourcefile.close( ) ; std::cout << "And here are the data after deserialization!( abridged):\n" ; e1.print( ) ; e3.print( ) ; w2.print( ) ; return 0 ; }
Convert this Go snippet to C++ and keep its semantics consistent.
package main import ( "encoding/gob" "fmt" "os" ) type printable interface { print() } func main() { animals := []printable{ &Animal{Alive: true}, &Cat{}, &Lab{ Dog: Dog{Animal: Animal{Alive: true}}, Color: "yellow", }, &Collie{Dog: Dog{ Animal: Animal{Alive: true}, ObedienceTrained: true, }}, } fmt.Println("created:") for _, a := range animals { a.print() } f, err := os.Create("objects.dat") if err != nil { fmt.Println(err) return } for _, a := range animals { gob.Register(a) } err = gob.NewEncoder(f).Encode(animals) if err != nil { fmt.Println(err) return } f.Close() f, err = os.Open("objects.dat") if err != nil { fmt.Println(err) return } var clones []printable gob.NewDecoder(f).Decode(&clones) if err != nil { fmt.Println(err) return } fmt.Println("\nloaded from objects.dat:") for _, c := range clones { c.print() } } type Animal struct { Alive bool } func (a *Animal) print() { if a.Alive { fmt.Println(" live animal, unspecified type") } else { fmt.Println(" dead animal, unspecified type") } } type Dog struct { Animal ObedienceTrained bool } func (d *Dog) print() { switch { case !d.Alive: fmt.Println(" dead dog") case d.ObedienceTrained: fmt.Println(" trained dog") default: fmt.Println(" dog, not trained") } } type Cat struct { Animal LitterBoxTrained bool } func (c *Cat) print() { switch { case !c.Alive: fmt.Println(" dead cat") case c.LitterBoxTrained: fmt.Println(" litter box trained cat") default: fmt.Println(" cat, not litter box trained") } } type Lab struct { Dog Color string } func (l *Lab) print() { var r string if l.Color == "" { r = "lab, color unspecified" } else { r = l.Color + " lab" } switch { case !l.Alive: fmt.Println(" dead", r) case l.ObedienceTrained: fmt.Println(" trained", r) default: fmt.Printf(" %s, not trained\n", r) } } type Collie struct { Dog CatchesFrisbee bool } func (c *Collie) print() { switch { case !c.Alive: fmt.Println(" dead collie") case c.ObedienceTrained && c.CatchesFrisbee: fmt.Println(" trained collie, catches frisbee") case c.ObedienceTrained && !c.CatchesFrisbee: fmt.Println(" trained collie, but doesn't catch frisbee") case !c.ObedienceTrained && c.CatchesFrisbee: fmt.Println(" collie, not trained, but catches frisbee") case !c.ObedienceTrained && !c.CatchesFrisbee: fmt.Println(" collie, not trained, doesn't catch frisbee") } }
#include <string> #include <fstream> #include <boost/serialization/string.hpp> #include <boost/archive/text_oarchive.hpp> #include <boost/archive/text_iarchive.hpp> #include <boost/serialization/base_object.hpp> #include <iostream> class Employee { public : Employee( ) { } Employee ( const std::string &dep , const std::string &namen ) : department( dep ) , name( namen ) { my_id = count++ ; } std::string getName( ) const { return name ; } std::string getDepartment( ) const { return department ; } int getId( ) const { return my_id ; } void setDepartment( const std::string &dep ) { department.assign( dep ) ; } virtual void print( ) { std::cout << "Name: " << name << '\n' ; std::cout << "Id: " << my_id << '\n' ; std::cout << "Department: " << department << '\n' ; } virtual ~Employee( ) { } static int count ; private : std::string name ; std::string department ; int my_id ; friend class boost::serialization::access ; template <class Archive> void serialize( Archive &ar, const unsigned int version ) { ar & my_id ; ar & name ; ar & department ; } } ; class Worker : public Employee { public : Worker( const std::string & dep, const std::string &namen , double hourlyPay ) : Employee( dep , namen ) , salary( hourlyPay) { } Worker( ) { } double getSalary( ) { return salary ; } void setSalary( double pay ) { if ( pay > 0 ) salary = pay ; } virtual void print( ) { Employee::print( ) ; std::cout << "wage per hour: " << salary << '\n' ; } private : double salary ; friend class boost::serialization::access ; template <class Archive> void serialize ( Archive & ar, const unsigned int version ) { ar & boost::serialization::base_object<Employee>( *this ) ; ar & salary ; } } ; int Employee::count = 0 ; int main( ) { std::ofstream storefile( "/home/ulrich/objects.dat" ) ; const Employee emp1( "maintenance" , "Fritz Schmalstieg" ) ; const Employee emp2( "maintenance" , "John Berry" ) ; const Employee emp3( "repair" , "Pawel Lichatschow" ) ; const Employee emp4( "IT" , "Marian Niculescu" ) ; const Worker worker1( "maintenance" , "Laurent Le Chef" , 20 ) ; const Worker worker2 ( "IT" , "Srinivan Taraman" , 55.35 ) ; boost::archive::text_oarchive oar ( storefile ) ; oar << emp1 ; oar << emp2 ; oar << emp3 ; oar << emp4 ; oar << worker1 ; oar << worker2 ; storefile.close( ) ; std::cout << "Reading out the data again\n" ; Employee e1 , e2 , e3 , e4 ; Worker w1, w2 ; std::ifstream sourcefile( "/home/ulrich/objects.dat" ) ; boost::archive::text_iarchive iar( sourcefile ) ; iar >> e1 >> e2 >> e3 >> e4 ; iar >> w1 >> w2 ; sourcefile.close( ) ; std::cout << "And here are the data after deserialization!( abridged):\n" ; e1.print( ) ; e3.print( ) ; w2.print( ) ; return 0 ; }
Write the same code in C++ as shown below in Go.
package main import "fmt" func main() { tree := eertree([]byte("eertree")) fmt.Println(subPalindromes(tree)) } type edges map[byte]int type node struct { length int edges suffix int } const evenRoot = 0 const oddRoot = 1 func eertree(s []byte) []node { tree := []node{ evenRoot: {length: 0, suffix: oddRoot, edges: edges{}}, oddRoot: {length: -1, suffix: oddRoot, edges: edges{}}, } suffix := oddRoot var n, k int for i, c := range s { for n = suffix; ; n = tree[n].suffix { k = tree[n].length if b := i - k - 1; b >= 0 && s[b] == c { break } } if e, ok := tree[n].edges[c]; ok { suffix = e continue } suffix = len(tree) tree = append(tree, node{length: k + 2, edges: edges{}}) tree[n].edges[c] = suffix if tree[suffix].length == 1 { tree[suffix].suffix = 0 continue } for { n = tree[n].suffix if b := i - tree[n].length - 1; b >= 0 && s[b] == c { break } } tree[suffix].suffix = tree[n].edges[c] } return tree } func subPalindromes(tree []node) (s []string) { var children func(int, string) children = func(n int, p string) { for c, n := range tree[n].edges { c := string(c) p := c + p + c s = append(s, p) children(n, p) } } children(0, "") for c, n := range tree[1].edges { c := string(c) s = append(s, c) children(n, c) } return }
#include <iostream> #include <functional> #include <map> #include <vector> struct Node { int length; std::map<char, int> edges; int suffix; Node(int l) : length(l), suffix(0) { } Node(int l, const std::map<char, int>& m, int s) : length(l), edges(m), suffix(s) { } }; constexpr int evenRoot = 0; constexpr int oddRoot = 1; std::vector<Node> eertree(const std::string& s) { std::vector<Node> tree = { Node(0, {}, oddRoot), Node(-1, {}, oddRoot) }; int suffix = oddRoot; int n, k; for (size_t i = 0; i < s.length(); ++i) { char c = s[i]; for (n = suffix; ; n = tree[n].suffix) { k = tree[n].length; int b = i - k - 1; if (b >= 0 && s[b] == c) { break; } } auto it = tree[n].edges.find(c); auto end = tree[n].edges.end(); if (it != end) { suffix = it->second; continue; } suffix = tree.size(); tree.push_back(Node(k + 2)); tree[n].edges[c] = suffix; if (tree[suffix].length == 1) { tree[suffix].suffix = 0; continue; } while (true) { n = tree[n].suffix; int b = i - tree[n].length - 1; if (b >= 0 && s[b] == c) { break; } } tree[suffix].suffix = tree[n].edges[c]; } return tree; } std::vector<std::string> subPalindromes(const std::vector<Node>& tree) { std::vector<std::string> s; std::function<void(int, std::string)> children; children = [&children, &tree, &s](int n, std::string p) { auto it = tree[n].edges.cbegin(); auto end = tree[n].edges.cend(); for (; it != end; it = std::next(it)) { auto c = it->first; auto m = it->second; std::string pl = c + p + c; s.push_back(pl); children(m, pl); } }; children(0, ""); auto it = tree[1].edges.cbegin(); auto end = tree[1].edges.cend(); for (; it != end; it = std::next(it)) { auto c = it->first; auto n = it->second; std::string ct(1, c); s.push_back(ct); children(n, ct); } return s; } int main() { using namespace std; auto tree = eertree("eertree"); auto pal = subPalindromes(tree); auto it = pal.cbegin(); auto end = pal.cend(); cout << "["; if (it != end) { cout << it->c_str(); it++; } while (it != end) { cout << ", " << it->c_str(); it++; } cout << "]" << endl; return 0; }
Write the same algorithm in C++ as shown in this Go implementation.
package main import "fmt" func main() { tree := eertree([]byte("eertree")) fmt.Println(subPalindromes(tree)) } type edges map[byte]int type node struct { length int edges suffix int } const evenRoot = 0 const oddRoot = 1 func eertree(s []byte) []node { tree := []node{ evenRoot: {length: 0, suffix: oddRoot, edges: edges{}}, oddRoot: {length: -1, suffix: oddRoot, edges: edges{}}, } suffix := oddRoot var n, k int for i, c := range s { for n = suffix; ; n = tree[n].suffix { k = tree[n].length if b := i - k - 1; b >= 0 && s[b] == c { break } } if e, ok := tree[n].edges[c]; ok { suffix = e continue } suffix = len(tree) tree = append(tree, node{length: k + 2, edges: edges{}}) tree[n].edges[c] = suffix if tree[suffix].length == 1 { tree[suffix].suffix = 0 continue } for { n = tree[n].suffix if b := i - tree[n].length - 1; b >= 0 && s[b] == c { break } } tree[suffix].suffix = tree[n].edges[c] } return tree } func subPalindromes(tree []node) (s []string) { var children func(int, string) children = func(n int, p string) { for c, n := range tree[n].edges { c := string(c) p := c + p + c s = append(s, p) children(n, p) } } children(0, "") for c, n := range tree[1].edges { c := string(c) s = append(s, c) children(n, c) } return }
#include <iostream> #include <functional> #include <map> #include <vector> struct Node { int length; std::map<char, int> edges; int suffix; Node(int l) : length(l), suffix(0) { } Node(int l, const std::map<char, int>& m, int s) : length(l), edges(m), suffix(s) { } }; constexpr int evenRoot = 0; constexpr int oddRoot = 1; std::vector<Node> eertree(const std::string& s) { std::vector<Node> tree = { Node(0, {}, oddRoot), Node(-1, {}, oddRoot) }; int suffix = oddRoot; int n, k; for (size_t i = 0; i < s.length(); ++i) { char c = s[i]; for (n = suffix; ; n = tree[n].suffix) { k = tree[n].length; int b = i - k - 1; if (b >= 0 && s[b] == c) { break; } } auto it = tree[n].edges.find(c); auto end = tree[n].edges.end(); if (it != end) { suffix = it->second; continue; } suffix = tree.size(); tree.push_back(Node(k + 2)); tree[n].edges[c] = suffix; if (tree[suffix].length == 1) { tree[suffix].suffix = 0; continue; } while (true) { n = tree[n].suffix; int b = i - tree[n].length - 1; if (b >= 0 && s[b] == c) { break; } } tree[suffix].suffix = tree[n].edges[c]; } return tree; } std::vector<std::string> subPalindromes(const std::vector<Node>& tree) { std::vector<std::string> s; std::function<void(int, std::string)> children; children = [&children, &tree, &s](int n, std::string p) { auto it = tree[n].edges.cbegin(); auto end = tree[n].edges.cend(); for (; it != end; it = std::next(it)) { auto c = it->first; auto m = it->second; std::string pl = c + p + c; s.push_back(pl); children(m, pl); } }; children(0, ""); auto it = tree[1].edges.cbegin(); auto end = tree[1].edges.cend(); for (; it != end; it = std::next(it)) { auto c = it->first; auto n = it->second; std::string ct(1, c); s.push_back(ct); children(n, ct); } return s; } int main() { using namespace std; auto tree = eertree("eertree"); auto pal = subPalindromes(tree); auto it = pal.cbegin(); auto end = pal.cend(); cout << "["; if (it != end) { cout << it->c_str(); it++; } while (it != end) { cout << ", " << it->c_str(); it++; } cout << "]" << endl; return 0; }
Change the following Go code into C++ without altering its purpose.
package main import ( "fmt" "time" ) func main() { centuries := []string{"20th", "21st", "22nd"} starts := []int{1900, 2000, 2100} for i := 0; i < len(centuries); i++ { var longYears []int fmt.Printf("\nLong years in the %s century:\n", centuries[i]) for j := starts[i]; j < starts[i] + 100; j++ { t := time.Date(j, time.December, 28, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC) if _, week := t.ISOWeek(); week == 53 { longYears = append(longYears, j) } } fmt.Println(longYears) } }
#include <stdio.h> #include <math.h> int p(int year) { return (int)((double)year + floor(year/4) - floor(year/100) + floor(year/400)) % 7; } int is_long_year(int year) { return p(year) == 4 || p(year - 1) == 3; } void print_long_years(int from, int to) { for (int year = from; year <= to; ++year) { if (is_long_year(year)) { printf("%d ", year); } } } int main() { printf("Long (53 week) years between 1800 and 2100\n\n"); print_long_years(1800, 2100); printf("\n"); return 0; }
Keep all operations the same but rewrite the snippet in C++.
package main import "fmt" func getDivisors(n int) []int { divs := []int{1, n} for i := 2; i*i <= n; i++ { if n%i == 0 { j := n / i divs = append(divs, i) if i != j { divs = append(divs, j) } } } return divs } func sum(divs []int) int { sum := 0 for _, div := range divs { sum += div } return sum } func isPartSum(divs []int, sum int) bool { if sum == 0 { return true } le := len(divs) if le == 0 { return false } last := divs[le-1] divs = divs[0 : le-1] if last > sum { return isPartSum(divs, sum) } return isPartSum(divs, sum) || isPartSum(divs, sum-last) } func isZumkeller(n int) bool { divs := getDivisors(n) sum := sum(divs) if sum%2 == 1 { return false } if n%2 == 1 { abundance := sum - 2*n return abundance > 0 && abundance%2 == 0 } return isPartSum(divs, sum/2) } func main() { fmt.Println("The first 220 Zumkeller numbers are:") for i, count := 2, 0; count < 220; i++ { if isZumkeller(i) { fmt.Printf("%3d ", i) count++ if count%20 == 0 { fmt.Println() } } } fmt.Println("\nThe first 40 odd Zumkeller numbers are:") for i, count := 3, 0; count < 40; i += 2 { if isZumkeller(i) { fmt.Printf("%5d ", i) count++ if count%10 == 0 { fmt.Println() } } } fmt.Println("\nThe first 40 odd Zumkeller numbers which don't end in 5 are:") for i, count := 3, 0; count < 40; i += 2 { if (i % 10 != 5) && isZumkeller(i) { fmt.Printf("%7d ", i) count++ if count%8 == 0 { fmt.Println() } } } fmt.Println() }
#include <iostream"> #include <cmath> #include <vector> #include <algorithm> #include <iomanip> #include <numeric> using namespace std; const uint* binary(uint n, uint length); uint sum_subset_unrank_bin(const vector<uint>& d, uint r); vector<uint> factors(uint x); bool isPrime(uint number); bool isZum(uint n); ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const vector<uint>& zumz) { for (uint i = 0; i < zumz.size(); i++) { if (i % 10 == 0) os << endl; os << setw(10) << zumz[i] << ' '; } return os; } int main() { cout << "First 220 Zumkeller numbers:" << endl; vector<uint> zumz; for (uint n = 2; zumz.size() < 220; n++) if (isZum(n)) zumz.push_back(n); cout << zumz << endl << endl; cout << "First 40 odd Zumkeller numbers:" << endl; vector<uint> zumz2; for (uint n = 2; zumz2.size() < 40; n++) if (n % 2 && isZum(n)) zumz2.push_back(n); cout << zumz2 << endl << endl; cout << "First 40 odd Zumkeller numbers not ending in 5:" << endl; vector<uint> zumz3; for (uint n = 2; zumz3.size() < 40; n++) if (n % 2 && (n % 10) != 5 && isZum(n)) zumz3.push_back(n); cout << zumz3 << endl << endl; return 0; } const uint* binary(uint n, uint length) { uint* bin = new uint[length]; fill(bin, bin + length, 0); for (uint i = 0; n > 0; i++) { uint rem = n % 2; n /= 2; if (rem) bin[length - 1 - i] = 1; } return bin; } uint sum_subset_unrank_bin(const vector<uint>& d, uint r) { vector<uint> subset; const uint* bits = binary(r, d.size() - 1); for (uint i = 0; i < d.size() - 1; i++) if (bits[i]) subset.push_back(d[i]); delete[] bits; return accumulate(subset.begin(), subset.end(), 0u); } vector<uint> factors(uint x) { vector<uint> result; for (uint i = 1; i * i <= x; i++) { if (x % i == 0) { result.push_back(i); if (x / i != i) result.push_back(x / i); } } sort(result.begin(), result.end()); return result; } bool isPrime(uint number) { if (number < 2) return false; if (number == 2) return true; if (number % 2 == 0) return false; for (uint i = 3; i * i <= number; i += 2) if (number % i == 0) return false; return true; } bool isZum(uint n) { if (isPrime(n)) return false; const auto d = factors(n); uint s = accumulate(d.begin(), d.end(), 0u); if (s % 2 || s < 2 * n) return false; if (n % 2 || d.size() >= 24) return true; if (!(s % 2) && d[d.size() - 1] <= s / 2) for (uint x = 2; (uint) log2(x) < (d.size() - 1); x++) if (sum_subset_unrank_bin(d, x) == s / 2) return true; return false; }
Generate a C++ translation of this Go snippet without changing its computational steps.
package main import "fmt" type assoc map[string]interface{} func merge(base, update assoc) assoc { result := make(assoc) for k, v := range base { result[k] = v } for k, v := range update { result[k] = v } return result } func main() { base := assoc{"name": "Rocket Skates", "price": 12.75, "color": "yellow"} update := assoc{"price": 15.25, "color": "red", "year": 1974} result := merge(base, update) fmt.Println(result) }
#include <iostream> #include <string> #include <map> template<typename map_type> map_type merge(const map_type& original, const map_type& update) { map_type result(update); result.insert(original.begin(), original.end()); return result; } int main() { typedef std::map<std::string, std::string> map; map original{ {"name", "Rocket Skates"}, {"price", "12.75"}, {"color", "yellow"} }; map update{ {"price", "15.25"}, {"color", "red"}, {"year", "1974"} }; map merged(merge(original, update)); for (auto&& i : merged) std::cout << "key: " << i.first << ", value: " << i.second << '\n'; return 0; }
Translate the given Go code snippet into C++ without altering its behavior.
package main import "fmt" type assoc map[string]interface{} func merge(base, update assoc) assoc { result := make(assoc) for k, v := range base { result[k] = v } for k, v := range update { result[k] = v } return result } func main() { base := assoc{"name": "Rocket Skates", "price": 12.75, "color": "yellow"} update := assoc{"price": 15.25, "color": "red", "year": 1974} result := merge(base, update) fmt.Println(result) }
#include <iostream> #include <string> #include <map> template<typename map_type> map_type merge(const map_type& original, const map_type& update) { map_type result(update); result.insert(original.begin(), original.end()); return result; } int main() { typedef std::map<std::string, std::string> map; map original{ {"name", "Rocket Skates"}, {"price", "12.75"}, {"color", "yellow"} }; map update{ {"price", "15.25"}, {"color", "red"}, {"year", "1974"} }; map merged(merge(original, update)); for (auto&& i : merged) std::cout << "key: " << i.first << ", value: " << i.second << '\n'; return 0; }
Translate this program into C++ but keep the logic exactly as in Go.
package main import "fmt" type assoc map[string]interface{} func merge(base, update assoc) assoc { result := make(assoc) for k, v := range base { result[k] = v } for k, v := range update { result[k] = v } return result } func main() { base := assoc{"name": "Rocket Skates", "price": 12.75, "color": "yellow"} update := assoc{"price": 15.25, "color": "red", "year": 1974} result := merge(base, update) fmt.Println(result) }
#include <iostream> #include <string> #include <map> template<typename map_type> map_type merge(const map_type& original, const map_type& update) { map_type result(update); result.insert(original.begin(), original.end()); return result; } int main() { typedef std::map<std::string, std::string> map; map original{ {"name", "Rocket Skates"}, {"price", "12.75"}, {"color", "yellow"} }; map update{ {"price", "15.25"}, {"color", "red"}, {"year", "1974"} }; map merged(merge(original, update)); for (auto&& i : merged) std::cout << "key: " << i.first << ", value: " << i.second << '\n'; return 0; }
Translate the given Go code snippet into C++ without altering its behavior.
package main import ( "fmt" "math/big" ) var names = [10]string{"Platinum", "Golden", "Silver", "Bronze", "Copper", "Nickel", "Aluminium", "Iron", "Tin", "Lead"} func lucas(b int64) { fmt.Printf("Lucas sequence for %s ratio, where b = %d:\n", names[b], b) fmt.Print("First 15 elements: ") var x0, x1 int64 = 1, 1 fmt.Printf("%d, %d", x0, x1) for i := 1; i <= 13; i++ { x2 := b*x1 + x0 fmt.Printf(", %d", x2) x0, x1 = x1, x2 } fmt.Println() } func metallic(b int64, dp int) { x0, x1, x2, bb := big.NewInt(1), big.NewInt(1), big.NewInt(0), big.NewInt(b) ratio := big.NewRat(1, 1) iters := 0 prev := ratio.FloatString(dp) for { iters++ x2.Mul(bb, x1) x2.Add(x2, x0) this := ratio.SetFrac(x2, x1).FloatString(dp) if prev == this { plural := "s" if iters == 1 { plural = " " } fmt.Printf("Value to %d dp after %2d iteration%s: %s\n\n", dp, iters, plural, this) return } prev = this x0.Set(x1) x1.Set(x2) } } func main() { for b := int64(0); b < 10; b++ { lucas(b) metallic(b, 32) } fmt.Println("Golden ratio, where b = 1:") metallic(1, 256) }
#include <boost/multiprecision/cpp_dec_float.hpp> #include <iostream> const char* names[] = { "Platinum", "Golden", "Silver", "Bronze", "Copper", "Nickel", "Aluminium", "Iron", "Tin", "Lead" }; template<const uint N> void lucas(ulong b) { std::cout << "Lucas sequence for " << names[b] << " ratio, where b = " << b << ":\nFirst " << N << " elements: "; auto x0 = 1L, x1 = 1L; std::cout << x0 << ", " << x1; for (auto i = 1u; i <= N - 1 - 1; i++) { auto x2 = b * x1 + x0; std::cout << ", " << x2; x0 = x1; x1 = x2; } std::cout << std::endl; } template<const ushort P> void metallic(ulong b) { using namespace boost::multiprecision; using bfloat = number<cpp_dec_float<P+1>>; bfloat x0(1), x1(1); auto prev = bfloat(1).str(P+1); for (auto i = 0u;;) { i++; bfloat x2(b * x1 + x0); auto thiz = bfloat(x2 / x1).str(P+1); if (prev == thiz) { std::cout << "Value after " << i << " iteration" << (i == 1 ? ": " : "s: ") << thiz << std::endl << std::endl; break; } prev = thiz; x0 = x1; x1 = x2; } } int main() { for (auto b = 0L; b < 10L; b++) { lucas<15>(b); metallic<32>(b); } std::cout << "Golden ratio, where b = 1:" << std::endl; metallic<256>(1); return 0; }
Translate this program into C++ but keep the logic exactly as in Go.
package main import ( "fmt" "math/big" ) var names = [10]string{"Platinum", "Golden", "Silver", "Bronze", "Copper", "Nickel", "Aluminium", "Iron", "Tin", "Lead"} func lucas(b int64) { fmt.Printf("Lucas sequence for %s ratio, where b = %d:\n", names[b], b) fmt.Print("First 15 elements: ") var x0, x1 int64 = 1, 1 fmt.Printf("%d, %d", x0, x1) for i := 1; i <= 13; i++ { x2 := b*x1 + x0 fmt.Printf(", %d", x2) x0, x1 = x1, x2 } fmt.Println() } func metallic(b int64, dp int) { x0, x1, x2, bb := big.NewInt(1), big.NewInt(1), big.NewInt(0), big.NewInt(b) ratio := big.NewRat(1, 1) iters := 0 prev := ratio.FloatString(dp) for { iters++ x2.Mul(bb, x1) x2.Add(x2, x0) this := ratio.SetFrac(x2, x1).FloatString(dp) if prev == this { plural := "s" if iters == 1 { plural = " " } fmt.Printf("Value to %d dp after %2d iteration%s: %s\n\n", dp, iters, plural, this) return } prev = this x0.Set(x1) x1.Set(x2) } } func main() { for b := int64(0); b < 10; b++ { lucas(b) metallic(b, 32) } fmt.Println("Golden ratio, where b = 1:") metallic(1, 256) }
#include <boost/multiprecision/cpp_dec_float.hpp> #include <iostream> const char* names[] = { "Platinum", "Golden", "Silver", "Bronze", "Copper", "Nickel", "Aluminium", "Iron", "Tin", "Lead" }; template<const uint N> void lucas(ulong b) { std::cout << "Lucas sequence for " << names[b] << " ratio, where b = " << b << ":\nFirst " << N << " elements: "; auto x0 = 1L, x1 = 1L; std::cout << x0 << ", " << x1; for (auto i = 1u; i <= N - 1 - 1; i++) { auto x2 = b * x1 + x0; std::cout << ", " << x2; x0 = x1; x1 = x2; } std::cout << std::endl; } template<const ushort P> void metallic(ulong b) { using namespace boost::multiprecision; using bfloat = number<cpp_dec_float<P+1>>; bfloat x0(1), x1(1); auto prev = bfloat(1).str(P+1); for (auto i = 0u;;) { i++; bfloat x2(b * x1 + x0); auto thiz = bfloat(x2 / x1).str(P+1); if (prev == thiz) { std::cout << "Value after " << i << " iteration" << (i == 1 ? ": " : "s: ") << thiz << std::endl << std::endl; break; } prev = thiz; x0 = x1; x1 = x2; } } int main() { for (auto b = 0L; b < 10L; b++) { lucas<15>(b); metallic<32>(b); } std::cout << "Golden ratio, where b = 1:" << std::endl; metallic<256>(1); return 0; }
Generate a C++ translation of this Go snippet without changing its computational steps.
package main; import "fmt"; func main(){a, b := 0, 0; fmt.Println(a/b)}
#include <stdexcept> int main() { throw std::runtime_error("boom"); }
Write a version of this Go function in C++ with identical behavior.
package main; import "fmt"; func main(){a, b := 0, 0; fmt.Println(a/b)}
#include <stdexcept> int main() { throw std::runtime_error("boom"); }
Ensure the translated C++ code behaves exactly like the original Go snippet.
type eatable interface { eat() }
template<typename T> struct can_eat { private: template<typename U, void (U::*)()> struct SFINAE {}; template<typename U> static char Test(SFINAE<U, &U::eat>*); template<typename U> static int Test(...); public: static constexpr bool value = sizeof(Test<T>(0)) == sizeof(char); }; struct potato { void eat(); }; struct brick {}; template<typename T> class FoodBox { static_assert(can_eat<T>::value, "Only edible items are allowed in foodbox"); }; int main() { FoodBox<potato> lunch; }
Translate the given Go code snippet into C++ without altering its behavior.
type eatable interface { eat() }
template<typename T> struct can_eat { private: template<typename U, void (U::*)()> struct SFINAE {}; template<typename U> static char Test(SFINAE<U, &U::eat>*); template<typename U> static int Test(...); public: static constexpr bool value = sizeof(Test<T>(0)) == sizeof(char); }; struct potato { void eat(); }; struct brick {}; template<typename T> class FoodBox { static_assert(can_eat<T>::value, "Only edible items are allowed in foodbox"); }; int main() { FoodBox<potato> lunch; }
Ensure the translated C++ code behaves exactly like the original Go snippet.
package main import ( "bufio" "flag" "fmt" "io" "log" "math/rand" "os" "strings" "time" "unicode" "unicode/utf8" ) func main() { log.SetFlags(0) log.SetPrefix("markov: ") input := flag.String("in", "alice_oz.txt", "input file") n := flag.Int("n", 2, "number of words to use as prefix") runs := flag.Int("runs", 1, "number of runs to generate") wordsPerRun := flag.Int("words", 300, "number of words per run") startOnCapital := flag.Bool("capital", false, "start output with a capitalized prefix") stopAtSentence := flag.Bool("sentence", false, "end output at a sentence ending punctuation mark (after n words)") flag.Parse() rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano()) m, err := NewMarkovFromFile(*input, *n) if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } for i := 0; i < *runs; i++ { err = m.Output(os.Stdout, *wordsPerRun, *startOnCapital, *stopAtSentence) if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } fmt.Println() } } type Markov struct { n int capitalized int suffix map[string][]string } func NewMarkovFromFile(filename string, n int) (*Markov, error) { f, err := os.Open(filename) if err != nil { return nil, err } defer f.Close() return NewMarkov(f, n) } func NewMarkov(r io.Reader, n int) (*Markov, error) { m := &Markov{ n: n, suffix: make(map[string][]string), } sc := bufio.NewScanner(r) sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords) window := make([]string, 0, n) for sc.Scan() { word := sc.Text() if len(window) > 0 { prefix := strings.Join(window, " ") m.suffix[prefix] = append(m.suffix[prefix], word) if isCapitalized(prefix) { m.capitalized++ } } window = appendMax(n, window, word) } if err := sc.Err(); err != nil { return nil, err } return m, nil } func (m *Markov) Output(w io.Writer, n int, startCapital, stopSentence bool) error { bw := bufio.NewWriter(w) var i int if startCapital { i = rand.Intn(m.capitalized) } else { i = rand.Intn(len(m.suffix)) } var prefix string for prefix = range m.suffix { if startCapital && !isCapitalized(prefix) { continue } if i == 0 { break } i-- } bw.WriteString(prefix) prefixWords := strings.Fields(prefix) n -= len(prefixWords) for { suffixChoices := m.suffix[prefix] if len(suffixChoices) == 0 { break } i = rand.Intn(len(suffixChoices)) suffix := suffixChoices[i] bw.WriteByte(' ') if _, err := bw.WriteString(suffix); err != nil { break } n-- if n < 0 && (!stopSentence || isSentenceEnd(suffix)) { break } prefixWords = appendMax(m.n, prefixWords, suffix) prefix = strings.Join(prefixWords, " ") } return bw.Flush() } func isCapitalized(s string) bool { r, _ := utf8.DecodeRuneInString(s) return unicode.IsUpper(r) } func isSentenceEnd(s string) bool { r, _ := utf8.DecodeLastRuneInString(s) return r == '.' || r == '?' || r == '!' } func appendMax(max int, slice []string, value string) []string { if len(slice)+1 > max { n := copy(slice, slice[1:]) slice = slice[:n] } return append(slice, value) }
#include <ctime> #include <iostream> #include <algorithm> #include <fstream> #include <string> #include <vector> #include <map> class markov { public: void create( std::string& file, unsigned int keyLen, unsigned int words ) { std::ifstream f( file.c_str(), std::ios_base::in ); fileBuffer = std::string( ( std::istreambuf_iterator<char>( f ) ), std::istreambuf_iterator<char>() ); f.close(); if( fileBuffer.length() < 1 ) return; createDictionary( keyLen ); createText( words - keyLen ); } private: void createText( int w ) { std::string key, first, second; size_t next; std::map<std::string, std::vector<std::string> >::iterator it = dictionary.begin(); std::advance( it, rand() % dictionary.size() ); key = ( *it ).first; std::cout << key; while( true ) { std::vector<std::string> d = dictionary[key]; if( d.size() < 1 ) break; second = d[rand() % d.size()]; if( second.length() < 1 ) break; std::cout << " " << second; if( --w < 0 ) break; next = key.find_first_of( 32, 0 ); first = key.substr( next + 1 ); key = first + " " + second; } std::cout << "\n"; } void createDictionary( unsigned int kl ) { std::string w1, key; size_t wc = 0, pos, next; next = fileBuffer.find_first_not_of( 32, 0 ); if( next == std::string::npos ) return; while( wc < kl ) { pos = fileBuffer.find_first_of( ' ', next ); w1 = fileBuffer.substr( next, pos - next ); key += w1 + " "; next = fileBuffer.find_first_not_of( 32, pos + 1 ); if( next == std::string::npos ) return; wc++; } key = key.substr( 0, key.size() - 1 ); while( true ) { next = fileBuffer.find_first_not_of( 32, pos + 1 ); if( next == std::string::npos ) return; pos = fileBuffer.find_first_of( 32, next ); w1 = fileBuffer.substr( next, pos - next ); if( w1.size() < 1 ) break; if( std::find( dictionary[key].begin(), dictionary[key].end(), w1 ) == dictionary[key].end() ) dictionary[key].push_back( w1 ); key = key.substr( key.find_first_of( 32 ) + 1 ) + " " + w1; } } std::string fileBuffer; std::map<std::string, std::vector<std::string> > dictionary; }; int main( int argc, char* argv[] ) { srand( unsigned( time( 0 ) ) ); markov m; m.create( std::string( "alice_oz.txt" ), 3, 200 ); return 0; }
Produce a language-to-language conversion: from Go to C++, same semantics.
package main import ( "container/heap" "fmt" ) type PriorityQueue struct { items []Vertex m map[Vertex]int pr map[Vertex]int } func (pq *PriorityQueue) Len() int { return len(pq.items) } func (pq *PriorityQueue) Less(i, j int) bool { return pq.pr[pq.items[i]] < pq.pr[pq.items[j]] } func (pq *PriorityQueue) Swap(i, j int) { pq.items[i], pq.items[j] = pq.items[j], pq.items[i] pq.m[pq.items[i]] = i pq.m[pq.items[j]] = j } func (pq *PriorityQueue) Push(x interface{}) { n := len(pq.items) item := x.(Vertex) pq.m[item] = n pq.items = append(pq.items, item) } func (pq *PriorityQueue) Pop() interface{} { old := pq.items n := len(old) item := old[n-1] pq.m[item] = -1 pq.items = old[0 : n-1] return item } func (pq *PriorityQueue) update(item Vertex, priority int) { pq.pr[item] = priority heap.Fix(pq, pq.m[item]) } func (pq *PriorityQueue) addWithPriority(item Vertex, priority int) { heap.Push(pq, item) pq.update(item, priority) } const ( Infinity = int(^uint(0) >> 1) Uninitialized = -1 ) func Dijkstra(g Graph, source Vertex) (dist map[Vertex]int, prev map[Vertex]Vertex) { vs := g.Vertices() dist = make(map[Vertex]int, len(vs)) prev = make(map[Vertex]Vertex, len(vs)) sid := source dist[sid] = 0 q := &PriorityQueue{ items: make([]Vertex, 0, len(vs)), m: make(map[Vertex]int, len(vs)), pr: make(map[Vertex]int, len(vs)), } for _, v := range vs { if v != sid { dist[v] = Infinity } prev[v] = Uninitialized q.addWithPriority(v, dist[v]) } for len(q.items) != 0 { u := heap.Pop(q).(Vertex) for _, v := range g.Neighbors(u) { alt := dist[u] + g.Weight(u, v) if alt < dist[v] { dist[v] = alt prev[v] = u q.update(v, alt) } } } return dist, prev } type Graph interface { Vertices() []Vertex Neighbors(v Vertex) []Vertex Weight(u, v Vertex) int } type Vertex int type sg struct { ids map[string]Vertex names map[Vertex]string edges map[Vertex]map[Vertex]int } func newsg(ids map[string]Vertex) sg { g := sg{ids: ids} g.names = make(map[Vertex]string, len(ids)) for k, v := range ids { g.names[v] = k } g.edges = make(map[Vertex]map[Vertex]int) return g } func (g sg) edge(u, v string, w int) { if _, ok := g.edges[g.ids[u]]; !ok { g.edges[g.ids[u]] = make(map[Vertex]int) } g.edges[g.ids[u]][g.ids[v]] = w } func (g sg) path(v Vertex, prev map[Vertex]Vertex) (s string) { s = g.names[v] for prev[v] >= 0 { v = prev[v] s = g.names[v] + s } return s } func (g sg) Vertices() []Vertex { vs := make([]Vertex, 0, len(g.ids)) for _, v := range g.ids { vs = append(vs, v) } return vs } func (g sg) Neighbors(u Vertex) []Vertex { vs := make([]Vertex, 0, len(g.edges[u])) for v := range g.edges[u] { vs = append(vs, v) } return vs } func (g sg) Weight(u, v Vertex) int { return g.edges[u][v] } func main() { g := newsg(map[string]Vertex{ "a": 1, "b": 2, "c": 3, "d": 4, "e": 5, "f": 6, }) g.edge("a", "b", 7) g.edge("a", "c", 9) g.edge("a", "f", 14) g.edge("b", "c", 10) g.edge("b", "d", 15) g.edge("c", "d", 11) g.edge("c", "f", 2) g.edge("d", "e", 6) g.edge("e", "f", 9) dist, prev := Dijkstra(g, g.ids["a"]) fmt.Printf("Distance to %s: %d, Path: %s\n", "e", dist[g.ids["e"]], g.path(g.ids["e"], prev)) fmt.Printf("Distance to %s: %d, Path: %s\n", "f", dist[g.ids["f"]], g.path(g.ids["f"], prev)) }
#include <iostream> #include <vector> #include <string> #include <list> #include <limits> #include <set> #include <utility> #include <algorithm> #include <iterator> typedef int vertex_t; typedef double weight_t; const weight_t max_weight = std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity(); struct neighbor { vertex_t target; weight_t weight; neighbor(vertex_t arg_target, weight_t arg_weight) : target(arg_target), weight(arg_weight) { } }; typedef std::vector<std::vector<neighbor> > adjacency_list_t; void DijkstraComputePaths(vertex_t source, const adjacency_list_t &adjacency_list, std::vector<weight_t> &min_distance, std::vector<vertex_t> &previous) { int n = adjacency_list.size(); min_distance.clear(); min_distance.resize(n, max_weight); min_distance[source] = 0; previous.clear(); previous.resize(n, -1); std::set<std::pair<weight_t, vertex_t> > vertex_queue; vertex_queue.insert(std::make_pair(min_distance[source], source)); while (!vertex_queue.empty()) { weight_t dist = vertex_queue.begin()->first; vertex_t u = vertex_queue.begin()->second; vertex_queue.erase(vertex_queue.begin()); const std::vector<neighbor> &neighbors = adjacency_list[u]; for (std::vector<neighbor>::const_iterator neighbor_iter = neighbors.begin(); neighbor_iter != neighbors.end(); neighbor_iter++) { vertex_t v = neighbor_iter->target; weight_t weight = neighbor_iter->weight; weight_t distance_through_u = dist + weight; if (distance_through_u < min_distance[v]) { vertex_queue.erase(std::make_pair(min_distance[v], v)); min_distance[v] = distance_through_u; previous[v] = u; vertex_queue.insert(std::make_pair(min_distance[v], v)); } } } } std::list<vertex_t> DijkstraGetShortestPathTo( vertex_t vertex, const std::vector<vertex_t> &previous) { std::list<vertex_t> path; for ( ; vertex != -1; vertex = previous[vertex]) path.push_front(vertex); return path; } int main() { adjacency_list_t adjacency_list(6); adjacency_list[0].push_back(neighbor(1, 7)); adjacency_list[0].push_back(neighbor(2, 9)); adjacency_list[0].push_back(neighbor(5, 14)); adjacency_list[1].push_back(neighbor(0, 7)); adjacency_list[1].push_back(neighbor(2, 10)); adjacency_list[1].push_back(neighbor(3, 15)); adjacency_list[2].push_back(neighbor(0, 9)); adjacency_list[2].push_back(neighbor(1, 10)); adjacency_list[2].push_back(neighbor(3, 11)); adjacency_list[2].push_back(neighbor(5, 2)); adjacency_list[3].push_back(neighbor(1, 15)); adjacency_list[3].push_back(neighbor(2, 11)); adjacency_list[3].push_back(neighbor(4, 6)); adjacency_list[4].push_back(neighbor(3, 6)); adjacency_list[4].push_back(neighbor(5, 9)); adjacency_list[5].push_back(neighbor(0, 14)); adjacency_list[5].push_back(neighbor(2, 2)); adjacency_list[5].push_back(neighbor(4, 9)); std::vector<weight_t> min_distance; std::vector<vertex_t> previous; DijkstraComputePaths(0, adjacency_list, min_distance, previous); std::cout << "Distance from 0 to 4: " << min_distance[4] << std::endl; std::list<vertex_t> path = DijkstraGetShortestPathTo(4, previous); std::cout << "Path : "; std::copy(path.begin(), path.end(), std::ostream_iterator<vertex_t>(std::cout, " ")); std::cout << std::endl; return 0; }
Change the following Go code into C++ without altering its purpose.
package main import ( "fmt" "math/rand" "time" ) type vector []float64 func e(n uint) vector { if n > 4 { panic("n must be less than 5") } result := make(vector, 32) result[1<<n] = 1.0 return result } func cdot(a, b vector) vector { return mul(vector{0.5}, add(mul(a, b), mul(b, a))) } func neg(x vector) vector { return mul(vector{-1}, x) } func bitCount(i int) int { i = i - ((i >> 1) & 0x55555555) i = (i & 0x33333333) + ((i >> 2) & 0x33333333) i = (i + (i >> 4)) & 0x0F0F0F0F i = i + (i >> 8) i = i + (i >> 16) return i & 0x0000003F } func reorderingSign(i, j int) float64 { i >>= 1 sum := 0 for i != 0 { sum += bitCount(i & j) i >>= 1 } cond := (sum & 1) == 0 if cond { return 1.0 } return -1.0 } func add(a, b vector) vector { result := make(vector, 32) copy(result, a) for i, _ := range b { result[i] += b[i] } return result } func mul(a, b vector) vector { result := make(vector, 32) for i, _ := range a { if a[i] != 0 { for j, _ := range b { if b[j] != 0 { s := reorderingSign(i, j) * a[i] * b[j] k := i ^ j result[k] += s } } } } return result } func randomVector() vector { result := make(vector, 32) for i := uint(0); i < 5; i++ { result = add(result, mul(vector{rand.Float64()}, e(i))) } return result } func randomMultiVector() vector { result := make(vector, 32) for i := 0; i < 32; i++ { result[i] = rand.Float64() } return result } func main() { rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano()) for i := uint(0); i < 5; i++ { for j := uint(0); j < 5; j++ { if i < j { if cdot(e(i), e(j))[0] != 0 { fmt.Println("Unexpected non-null scalar product.") return } } else if i == j { if cdot(e(i), e(j))[0] == 0 { fmt.Println("Unexpected null scalar product.") } } } } a := randomMultiVector() b := randomMultiVector() c := randomMultiVector() x := randomVector() fmt.Println(mul(mul(a, b), c)) fmt.Println(mul(a, mul(b, c))) fmt.Println(mul(a, add(b, c))) fmt.Println(add(mul(a, b), mul(a, c))) fmt.Println(mul(add(a, b), c)) fmt.Println(add(mul(a, c), mul(b, c))) fmt.Println(mul(x, x)) }
#include <algorithm> #include <iostream> #include <random> #include <vector> double uniform01() { static std::default_random_engine generator; static std::uniform_real_distribution<double> distribution(0.0, 1.0); return distribution(generator); } int bitCount(int i) { i -= ((i >> 1) & 0x55555555); i = (i & 0x33333333) + ((i >> 2) & 0x33333333); i = (i + (i >> 4)) & 0x0F0F0F0F; i += (i >> 8); i += (i >> 16); return i & 0x0000003F; } double reorderingSign(int i, int j) { int k = i >> 1; int sum = 0; while (k != 0) { sum += bitCount(k & j); k = k >> 1; } return ((sum & 1) == 0) ? 1.0 : -1.0; } struct MyVector { public: MyVector(const std::vector<double> &da) : dims(da) { } double &operator[](size_t i) { return dims[i]; } const double &operator[](size_t i) const { return dims[i]; } MyVector operator+(const MyVector &rhs) const { std::vector<double> temp(dims); for (size_t i = 0; i < rhs.dims.size(); ++i) { temp[i] += rhs[i]; } return MyVector(temp); } MyVector operator*(const MyVector &rhs) const { std::vector<double> temp(dims.size(), 0.0); for (size_t i = 0; i < dims.size(); i++) { if (dims[i] != 0.0) { for (size_t j = 0; j < dims.size(); j++) { if (rhs[j] != 0.0) { auto s = reorderingSign(i, j) * dims[i] * rhs[j]; auto k = i ^ j; temp[k] += s; } } } } return MyVector(temp); } MyVector operator*(double scale) const { std::vector<double> temp(dims); std::for_each(temp.begin(), temp.end(), [scale](double a) { return a * scale; }); return MyVector(temp); } MyVector operator-() const { return *this * -1.0; } MyVector dot(const MyVector &rhs) const { return (*this * rhs + rhs * *this) * 0.5; } friend std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &, const MyVector &); private: std::vector<double> dims; }; std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const MyVector &v) { auto it = v.dims.cbegin(); auto end = v.dims.cend(); os << '['; if (it != end) { os << *it; it = std::next(it); } while (it != end) { os << ", " << *it; it = std::next(it); } return os << ']'; } MyVector e(int n) { if (n > 4) { throw new std::runtime_error("n must be less than 5"); } auto result = MyVector(std::vector<double>(32, 0.0)); result[1 << n] = 1.0; return result; } MyVector randomVector() { auto result = MyVector(std::vector<double>(32, 0.0)); for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { result = result + MyVector(std::vector<double>(1, uniform01())) * e(i); } return result; } MyVector randomMultiVector() { auto result = MyVector(std::vector<double>(32, 0.0)); for (int i = 0; i < 32; i++) { result[i] = uniform01(); } return result; } int main() { for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++) { if (i < j) { if (e(i).dot(e(j))[0] != 0.0) { std::cout << "Unexpected non-null scalar product."; return 1; } else if (i == j) { if (e(i).dot(e(j))[0] == 0.0) { std::cout << "Unexpected null scalar product."; } } } } } auto a = randomMultiVector(); auto b = randomMultiVector(); auto c = randomMultiVector(); auto x = randomVector(); std::cout << ((a * b) * c) << '\n'; std::cout << (a * (b * c)) << "\n\n"; std::cout << (a * (b + c)) << '\n'; std::cout << (a * b + a * c) << "\n\n"; std::cout << ((a + b) * c) << '\n'; std::cout << (a * c + b * c) << "\n\n"; std::cout << (x * x) << '\n'; return 0; }
Change the programming language of this snippet from Go to C++ without modifying what it does.
package main import "fmt" func main() { vis(buildTree("banana$")) } type tree []node type node struct { sub string ch []int } func buildTree(s string) tree { t := tree{node{}} for i := range s { t = t.addSuffix(s[i:]) } return t } func (t tree) addSuffix(suf string) tree { n := 0 for i := 0; i < len(suf); { b := suf[i] ch := t[n].ch var x2, n2 int for ; ; x2++ { if x2 == len(ch) { n2 = len(t) t = append(t, node{sub: suf[i:]}) t[n].ch = append(t[n].ch, n2) return t } n2 = ch[x2] if t[n2].sub[0] == b { break } } sub2 := t[n2].sub j := 0 for ; j < len(sub2); j++ { if suf[i+j] != sub2[j] { n3 := n2 n2 = len(t) t = append(t, node{sub2[:j], []int{n3}}) t[n3].sub = sub2[j:] t[n].ch[x2] = n2 break } } i += j n = n2 } return t } func vis(t tree) { if len(t) == 0 { fmt.Println("<empty>") return } var f func(int, string) f = func(n int, pre string) { children := t[n].ch if len(children) == 0 { fmt.Println("╴", t[n].sub) return } fmt.Println("┐", t[n].sub) last := len(children) - 1 for _, ch := range children[:last] { fmt.Print(pre, "├─") f(ch, pre+"│ ") } fmt.Print(pre, "└─") f(children[last], pre+" ") } f(0, "") }
#include <functional> #include <iostream> #include <vector> struct Node { std::string sub = ""; std::vector<int> ch; Node() { } Node(const std::string& sub, std::initializer_list<int> children) : sub(sub) { ch.insert(ch.end(), children); } }; struct SuffixTree { std::vector<Node> nodes; SuffixTree(const std::string& str) { nodes.push_back(Node{}); for (size_t i = 0; i < str.length(); i++) { addSuffix(str.substr(i)); } } void visualize() { if (nodes.size() == 0) { std::cout << "<empty>\n"; return; } std::function<void(int, const std::string&)> f; f = [&](int n, const std::string & pre) { auto children = nodes[n].ch; if (children.size() == 0) { std::cout << "- " << nodes[n].sub << '\n'; return; } std::cout << "+ " << nodes[n].sub << '\n'; auto it = std::begin(children); if (it != std::end(children)) do { if (std::next(it) == std::end(children)) break; std::cout << pre << "+-"; f(*it, pre + "| "); it = std::next(it); } while (true); std::cout << pre << "+-"; f(children[children.size() - 1], pre + " "); }; f(0, ""); } private: void addSuffix(const std::string & suf) { int n = 0; size_t i = 0; while (i < suf.length()) { char b = suf[i]; int x2 = 0; int n2; while (true) { auto children = nodes[n].ch; if (x2 == children.size()) { n2 = nodes.size(); nodes.push_back(Node(suf.substr(i), {})); nodes[n].ch.push_back(n2); return; } n2 = children[x2]; if (nodes[n2].sub[0] == b) { break; } x2++; } auto sub2 = nodes[n2].sub; size_t j = 0; while (j < sub2.size()) { if (suf[i + j] != sub2[j]) { auto n3 = n2; n2 = nodes.size(); nodes.push_back(Node(sub2.substr(0, j), { n3 })); nodes[n3].sub = sub2.substr(j); nodes[n].ch[x2] = n2; break; } j++; } i += j; n = n2; } } }; int main() { SuffixTree("banana$").visualize(); }
Produce a functionally identical C++ code for the snippet given in Go.
package main import "fmt" func main() { vis(buildTree("banana$")) } type tree []node type node struct { sub string ch []int } func buildTree(s string) tree { t := tree{node{}} for i := range s { t = t.addSuffix(s[i:]) } return t } func (t tree) addSuffix(suf string) tree { n := 0 for i := 0; i < len(suf); { b := suf[i] ch := t[n].ch var x2, n2 int for ; ; x2++ { if x2 == len(ch) { n2 = len(t) t = append(t, node{sub: suf[i:]}) t[n].ch = append(t[n].ch, n2) return t } n2 = ch[x2] if t[n2].sub[0] == b { break } } sub2 := t[n2].sub j := 0 for ; j < len(sub2); j++ { if suf[i+j] != sub2[j] { n3 := n2 n2 = len(t) t = append(t, node{sub2[:j], []int{n3}}) t[n3].sub = sub2[j:] t[n].ch[x2] = n2 break } } i += j n = n2 } return t } func vis(t tree) { if len(t) == 0 { fmt.Println("<empty>") return } var f func(int, string) f = func(n int, pre string) { children := t[n].ch if len(children) == 0 { fmt.Println("╴", t[n].sub) return } fmt.Println("┐", t[n].sub) last := len(children) - 1 for _, ch := range children[:last] { fmt.Print(pre, "├─") f(ch, pre+"│ ") } fmt.Print(pre, "└─") f(children[last], pre+" ") } f(0, "") }
#include <functional> #include <iostream> #include <vector> struct Node { std::string sub = ""; std::vector<int> ch; Node() { } Node(const std::string& sub, std::initializer_list<int> children) : sub(sub) { ch.insert(ch.end(), children); } }; struct SuffixTree { std::vector<Node> nodes; SuffixTree(const std::string& str) { nodes.push_back(Node{}); for (size_t i = 0; i < str.length(); i++) { addSuffix(str.substr(i)); } } void visualize() { if (nodes.size() == 0) { std::cout << "<empty>\n"; return; } std::function<void(int, const std::string&)> f; f = [&](int n, const std::string & pre) { auto children = nodes[n].ch; if (children.size() == 0) { std::cout << "- " << nodes[n].sub << '\n'; return; } std::cout << "+ " << nodes[n].sub << '\n'; auto it = std::begin(children); if (it != std::end(children)) do { if (std::next(it) == std::end(children)) break; std::cout << pre << "+-"; f(*it, pre + "| "); it = std::next(it); } while (true); std::cout << pre << "+-"; f(children[children.size() - 1], pre + " "); }; f(0, ""); } private: void addSuffix(const std::string & suf) { int n = 0; size_t i = 0; while (i < suf.length()) { char b = suf[i]; int x2 = 0; int n2; while (true) { auto children = nodes[n].ch; if (x2 == children.size()) { n2 = nodes.size(); nodes.push_back(Node(suf.substr(i), {})); nodes[n].ch.push_back(n2); return; } n2 = children[x2]; if (nodes[n2].sub[0] == b) { break; } x2++; } auto sub2 = nodes[n2].sub; size_t j = 0; while (j < sub2.size()) { if (suf[i + j] != sub2[j]) { auto n3 = n2; n2 = nodes.size(); nodes.push_back(Node(sub2.substr(0, j), { n3 })); nodes[n3].sub = sub2.substr(j); nodes[n].ch[x2] = n2; break; } j++; } i += j; n = n2; } } }; int main() { SuffixTree("banana$").visualize(); }
Convert the following code from Go to C++, ensuring the logic remains intact.
myMap := map[string]int { "hello": 13, "world": 31, "!" : 71 } for key, value := range myMap { fmt.Printf("key = %s, value = %d\n", key, value) } for key := range myMap { fmt.Printf("key = %s\n", key) } for _, value := range myMap { fmt.Printf("value = %d\n", value) }
#include <iostream> #include <map> #include <string> int main() { std::map<std::string, int> dict { {"One", 1}, {"Two", 2}, {"Three", 7} }; dict["Three"] = 3; std::cout << "One: " << dict["One"] << std::endl; std::cout << "Key/Value pairs: " << std::endl; for(auto& kv: dict) { std::cout << " " << kv.first << ": " << kv.second << std::endl; } return 0; }
Convert the following code from Go to C++, ensuring the logic remains intact.
package main import "fmt" type TinyInt int func NewTinyInt(i int) TinyInt { if i < 1 { i = 1 } else if i > 10 { i = 10 } return TinyInt(i) } func (t1 TinyInt) Add(t2 TinyInt) TinyInt { return NewTinyInt(int(t1) + int(t2)) } func (t1 TinyInt) Sub(t2 TinyInt) TinyInt { return NewTinyInt(int(t1) - int(t2)) } func (t1 TinyInt) Mul(t2 TinyInt) TinyInt { return NewTinyInt(int(t1) * int(t2)) } func (t1 TinyInt) Div(t2 TinyInt) TinyInt { return NewTinyInt(int(t1) / int(t2)) } func (t1 TinyInt) Rem(t2 TinyInt) TinyInt { return NewTinyInt(int(t1) % int(t2)) } func (t TinyInt) Inc() TinyInt { return t.Add(TinyInt(1)) } func (t TinyInt) Dec() TinyInt { return t.Sub(TinyInt(1)) } func main() { t1 := NewTinyInt(6) t2 := NewTinyInt(3) fmt.Println("t1 =", t1) fmt.Println("t2 =", t2) fmt.Println("t1 + t2 =", t1.Add(t2)) fmt.Println("t1 - t2 =", t1.Sub(t2)) fmt.Println("t1 * t2 =", t1.Mul(t2)) fmt.Println("t1 / t2 =", t1.Div(t2)) fmt.Println("t1 % t2 =", t1.Rem(t2)) fmt.Println("t1 + 1 =", t1.Inc()) fmt.Println("t1 - 1 =", t1.Dec()) }
#include <stdexcept> class tiny_int { public: tiny_int(int i): value(i) { if (value < 1) throw std::out_of_range("tiny_int: value smaller than 1"); if (value > 10) throw std::out_of_range("tiny_int: value larger than 10"); } operator int() const { return value; } tiny_int& operator+=(int i) { *this = value + i; return *this; } tiny_int& operator-=(int i) { *this = value - i; return *this; } tiny_int& operator*=(int i) { *this = value * i; return *this; } tiny_int& operator/=(int i) { *this = value / i; return *this; } tiny_int& operator<<=(int i) { *this = value << i; return *this; } tiny_int& operator>>=(int i) { *this = value >> i; return *this; } tiny_int& operator&=(int i) { *this = value & i; return *this; } tiny_int& operator|=(int i) { *this = value | i; return *this; } private: unsigned char value; };
Translate the given Go code snippet into C++ without altering its behavior.
package avl type Key interface { Less(Key) bool Eq(Key) bool } type Node struct { Data Key Balance int Link [2]*Node } func opp(dir int) int { return 1 - dir } func single(root *Node, dir int) *Node { save := root.Link[opp(dir)] root.Link[opp(dir)] = save.Link[dir] save.Link[dir] = root return save } func double(root *Node, dir int) *Node { save := root.Link[opp(dir)].Link[dir] root.Link[opp(dir)].Link[dir] = save.Link[opp(dir)] save.Link[opp(dir)] = root.Link[opp(dir)] root.Link[opp(dir)] = save save = root.Link[opp(dir)] root.Link[opp(dir)] = save.Link[dir] save.Link[dir] = root return save } func adjustBalance(root *Node, dir, bal int) { n := root.Link[dir] nn := n.Link[opp(dir)] switch nn.Balance { case 0: root.Balance = 0 n.Balance = 0 case bal: root.Balance = -bal n.Balance = 0 default: root.Balance = 0 n.Balance = bal } nn.Balance = 0 } func insertBalance(root *Node, dir int) *Node { n := root.Link[dir] bal := 2*dir - 1 if n.Balance == bal { root.Balance = 0 n.Balance = 0 return single(root, opp(dir)) } adjustBalance(root, dir, bal) return double(root, opp(dir)) } func insertR(root *Node, data Key) (*Node, bool) { if root == nil { return &Node{Data: data}, false } dir := 0 if root.Data.Less(data) { dir = 1 } var done bool root.Link[dir], done = insertR(root.Link[dir], data) if done { return root, true } root.Balance += 2*dir - 1 switch root.Balance { case 0: return root, true case 1, -1: return root, false } return insertBalance(root, dir), true } func Insert(tree **Node, data Key) { *tree, _ = insertR(*tree, data) } func removeBalance(root *Node, dir int) (*Node, bool) { n := root.Link[opp(dir)] bal := 2*dir - 1 switch n.Balance { case -bal: root.Balance = 0 n.Balance = 0 return single(root, dir), false case bal: adjustBalance(root, opp(dir), -bal) return double(root, dir), false } root.Balance = -bal n.Balance = bal return single(root, dir), true } func removeR(root *Node, data Key) (*Node, bool) { if root == nil { return nil, false } if root.Data.Eq(data) { switch { case root.Link[0] == nil: return root.Link[1], false case root.Link[1] == nil: return root.Link[0], false } heir := root.Link[0] for heir.Link[1] != nil { heir = heir.Link[1] } root.Data = heir.Data data = heir.Data } dir := 0 if root.Data.Less(data) { dir = 1 } var done bool root.Link[dir], done = removeR(root.Link[dir], data) if done { return root, true } root.Balance += 1 - 2*dir switch root.Balance { case 1, -1: return root, true case 0: return root, false } return removeBalance(root, dir) } func Remove(tree **Node, data Key) { *tree, _ = removeR(*tree, data) }
#include <algorithm> #include <iostream> template <class T> class AVLnode { public: T key; int balance; AVLnode *left, *right, *parent; AVLnode(T k, AVLnode *p) : key(k), balance(0), parent(p), left(NULL), right(NULL) {} ~AVLnode() { delete left; delete right; } }; template <class T> class AVLtree { public: AVLtree(void); ~AVLtree(void); bool insert(T key); void deleteKey(const T key); void printBalance(); private: AVLnode<T> *root; AVLnode<T>* rotateLeft ( AVLnode<T> *a ); AVLnode<T>* rotateRight ( AVLnode<T> *a ); AVLnode<T>* rotateLeftThenRight ( AVLnode<T> *n ); AVLnode<T>* rotateRightThenLeft ( AVLnode<T> *n ); void rebalance ( AVLnode<T> *n ); int height ( AVLnode<T> *n ); void setBalance ( AVLnode<T> *n ); void printBalance ( AVLnode<T> *n ); }; template <class T> void AVLtree<T>::rebalance(AVLnode<T> *n) { setBalance(n); if (n->balance == -2) { if (height(n->left->left) >= height(n->left->right)) n = rotateRight(n); else n = rotateLeftThenRight(n); } else if (n->balance == 2) { if (height(n->right->right) >= height(n->right->left)) n = rotateLeft(n); else n = rotateRightThenLeft(n); } if (n->parent != NULL) { rebalance(n->parent); } else { root = n; } } template <class T> AVLnode<T>* AVLtree<T>::rotateLeft(AVLnode<T> *a) { AVLnode<T> *b = a->right; b->parent = a->parent; a->right = b->left; if (a->right != NULL) a->right->parent = a; b->left = a; a->parent = b; if (b->parent != NULL) { if (b->parent->right == a) { b->parent->right = b; } else { b->parent->left = b; } } setBalance(a); setBalance(b); return b; } template <class T> AVLnode<T>* AVLtree<T>::rotateRight(AVLnode<T> *a) { AVLnode<T> *b = a->left; b->parent = a->parent; a->left = b->right; if (a->left != NULL) a->left->parent = a; b->right = a; a->parent = b; if (b->parent != NULL) { if (b->parent->right == a) { b->parent->right = b; } else { b->parent->left = b; } } setBalance(a); setBalance(b); return b; } template <class T> AVLnode<T>* AVLtree<T>::rotateLeftThenRight(AVLnode<T> *n) { n->left = rotateLeft(n->left); return rotateRight(n); } template <class T> AVLnode<T>* AVLtree<T>::rotateRightThenLeft(AVLnode<T> *n) { n->right = rotateRight(n->right); return rotateLeft(n); } template <class T> int AVLtree<T>::height(AVLnode<T> *n) { if (n == NULL) return -1; return 1 + std::max(height(n->left), height(n->right)); } template <class T> void AVLtree<T>::setBalance(AVLnode<T> *n) { n->balance = height(n->right) - height(n->left); } template <class T> void AVLtree<T>::printBalance(AVLnode<T> *n) { if (n != NULL) { printBalance(n->left); std::cout << n->balance << " "; printBalance(n->right); } } template <class T> AVLtree<T>::AVLtree(void) : root(NULL) {} template <class T> AVLtree<T>::~AVLtree(void) { delete root; } template <class T> bool AVLtree<T>::insert(T key) { if (root == NULL) { root = new AVLnode<T>(key, NULL); } else { AVLnode<T> *n = root, *parent; while (true) { if (n->key == key) return false; parent = n; bool goLeft = n->key > key; n = goLeft ? n->left : n->right; if (n == NULL) { if (goLeft) { parent->left = new AVLnode<T>(key, parent); } else { parent->right = new AVLnode<T>(key, parent); } rebalance(parent); break; } } } return true; } template <class T> void AVLtree<T>::deleteKey(const T delKey) { if (root == NULL) return; AVLnode<T> *n = root, *parent = root, *delNode = NULL, *child = root; while (child != NULL) { parent = n; n = child; child = delKey >= n->key ? n->right : n->left; if (delKey == n->key) delNode = n; } if (delNode != NULL) { delNode->key = n->key; child = n->left != NULL ? n->left : n->right; if (root->key == delKey) { root = child; } else { if (parent->left == n) { parent->left = child; } else { parent->right = child; } rebalance(parent); } } } template <class T> void AVLtree<T>::printBalance() { printBalance(root); std::cout << std::endl; } int main(void) { AVLtree<int> t; std::cout << "Inserting integer values 1 to 10" << std::endl; for (int i = 1; i <= 10; ++i) t.insert(i); std::cout << "Printing balance: "; t.printBalance(); }
Change the programming language of this snippet from Go to C++ without modifying what it does.
package avl type Key interface { Less(Key) bool Eq(Key) bool } type Node struct { Data Key Balance int Link [2]*Node } func opp(dir int) int { return 1 - dir } func single(root *Node, dir int) *Node { save := root.Link[opp(dir)] root.Link[opp(dir)] = save.Link[dir] save.Link[dir] = root return save } func double(root *Node, dir int) *Node { save := root.Link[opp(dir)].Link[dir] root.Link[opp(dir)].Link[dir] = save.Link[opp(dir)] save.Link[opp(dir)] = root.Link[opp(dir)] root.Link[opp(dir)] = save save = root.Link[opp(dir)] root.Link[opp(dir)] = save.Link[dir] save.Link[dir] = root return save } func adjustBalance(root *Node, dir, bal int) { n := root.Link[dir] nn := n.Link[opp(dir)] switch nn.Balance { case 0: root.Balance = 0 n.Balance = 0 case bal: root.Balance = -bal n.Balance = 0 default: root.Balance = 0 n.Balance = bal } nn.Balance = 0 } func insertBalance(root *Node, dir int) *Node { n := root.Link[dir] bal := 2*dir - 1 if n.Balance == bal { root.Balance = 0 n.Balance = 0 return single(root, opp(dir)) } adjustBalance(root, dir, bal) return double(root, opp(dir)) } func insertR(root *Node, data Key) (*Node, bool) { if root == nil { return &Node{Data: data}, false } dir := 0 if root.Data.Less(data) { dir = 1 } var done bool root.Link[dir], done = insertR(root.Link[dir], data) if done { return root, true } root.Balance += 2*dir - 1 switch root.Balance { case 0: return root, true case 1, -1: return root, false } return insertBalance(root, dir), true } func Insert(tree **Node, data Key) { *tree, _ = insertR(*tree, data) } func removeBalance(root *Node, dir int) (*Node, bool) { n := root.Link[opp(dir)] bal := 2*dir - 1 switch n.Balance { case -bal: root.Balance = 0 n.Balance = 0 return single(root, dir), false case bal: adjustBalance(root, opp(dir), -bal) return double(root, dir), false } root.Balance = -bal n.Balance = bal return single(root, dir), true } func removeR(root *Node, data Key) (*Node, bool) { if root == nil { return nil, false } if root.Data.Eq(data) { switch { case root.Link[0] == nil: return root.Link[1], false case root.Link[1] == nil: return root.Link[0], false } heir := root.Link[0] for heir.Link[1] != nil { heir = heir.Link[1] } root.Data = heir.Data data = heir.Data } dir := 0 if root.Data.Less(data) { dir = 1 } var done bool root.Link[dir], done = removeR(root.Link[dir], data) if done { return root, true } root.Balance += 1 - 2*dir switch root.Balance { case 1, -1: return root, true case 0: return root, false } return removeBalance(root, dir) } func Remove(tree **Node, data Key) { *tree, _ = removeR(*tree, data) }
#include <algorithm> #include <iostream> template <class T> class AVLnode { public: T key; int balance; AVLnode *left, *right, *parent; AVLnode(T k, AVLnode *p) : key(k), balance(0), parent(p), left(NULL), right(NULL) {} ~AVLnode() { delete left; delete right; } }; template <class T> class AVLtree { public: AVLtree(void); ~AVLtree(void); bool insert(T key); void deleteKey(const T key); void printBalance(); private: AVLnode<T> *root; AVLnode<T>* rotateLeft ( AVLnode<T> *a ); AVLnode<T>* rotateRight ( AVLnode<T> *a ); AVLnode<T>* rotateLeftThenRight ( AVLnode<T> *n ); AVLnode<T>* rotateRightThenLeft ( AVLnode<T> *n ); void rebalance ( AVLnode<T> *n ); int height ( AVLnode<T> *n ); void setBalance ( AVLnode<T> *n ); void printBalance ( AVLnode<T> *n ); }; template <class T> void AVLtree<T>::rebalance(AVLnode<T> *n) { setBalance(n); if (n->balance == -2) { if (height(n->left->left) >= height(n->left->right)) n = rotateRight(n); else n = rotateLeftThenRight(n); } else if (n->balance == 2) { if (height(n->right->right) >= height(n->right->left)) n = rotateLeft(n); else n = rotateRightThenLeft(n); } if (n->parent != NULL) { rebalance(n->parent); } else { root = n; } } template <class T> AVLnode<T>* AVLtree<T>::rotateLeft(AVLnode<T> *a) { AVLnode<T> *b = a->right; b->parent = a->parent; a->right = b->left; if (a->right != NULL) a->right->parent = a; b->left = a; a->parent = b; if (b->parent != NULL) { if (b->parent->right == a) { b->parent->right = b; } else { b->parent->left = b; } } setBalance(a); setBalance(b); return b; } template <class T> AVLnode<T>* AVLtree<T>::rotateRight(AVLnode<T> *a) { AVLnode<T> *b = a->left; b->parent = a->parent; a->left = b->right; if (a->left != NULL) a->left->parent = a; b->right = a; a->parent = b; if (b->parent != NULL) { if (b->parent->right == a) { b->parent->right = b; } else { b->parent->left = b; } } setBalance(a); setBalance(b); return b; } template <class T> AVLnode<T>* AVLtree<T>::rotateLeftThenRight(AVLnode<T> *n) { n->left = rotateLeft(n->left); return rotateRight(n); } template <class T> AVLnode<T>* AVLtree<T>::rotateRightThenLeft(AVLnode<T> *n) { n->right = rotateRight(n->right); return rotateLeft(n); } template <class T> int AVLtree<T>::height(AVLnode<T> *n) { if (n == NULL) return -1; return 1 + std::max(height(n->left), height(n->right)); } template <class T> void AVLtree<T>::setBalance(AVLnode<T> *n) { n->balance = height(n->right) - height(n->left); } template <class T> void AVLtree<T>::printBalance(AVLnode<T> *n) { if (n != NULL) { printBalance(n->left); std::cout << n->balance << " "; printBalance(n->right); } } template <class T> AVLtree<T>::AVLtree(void) : root(NULL) {} template <class T> AVLtree<T>::~AVLtree(void) { delete root; } template <class T> bool AVLtree<T>::insert(T key) { if (root == NULL) { root = new AVLnode<T>(key, NULL); } else { AVLnode<T> *n = root, *parent; while (true) { if (n->key == key) return false; parent = n; bool goLeft = n->key > key; n = goLeft ? n->left : n->right; if (n == NULL) { if (goLeft) { parent->left = new AVLnode<T>(key, parent); } else { parent->right = new AVLnode<T>(key, parent); } rebalance(parent); break; } } } return true; } template <class T> void AVLtree<T>::deleteKey(const T delKey) { if (root == NULL) return; AVLnode<T> *n = root, *parent = root, *delNode = NULL, *child = root; while (child != NULL) { parent = n; n = child; child = delKey >= n->key ? n->right : n->left; if (delKey == n->key) delNode = n; } if (delNode != NULL) { delNode->key = n->key; child = n->left != NULL ? n->left : n->right; if (root->key == delKey) { root = child; } else { if (parent->left == n) { parent->left = child; } else { parent->right = child; } rebalance(parent); } } } template <class T> void AVLtree<T>::printBalance() { printBalance(root); std::cout << std::endl; } int main(void) { AVLtree<int> t; std::cout << "Inserting integer values 1 to 10" << std::endl; for (int i = 1; i <= 10; ++i) t.insert(i); std::cout << "Printing balance: "; t.printBalance(); }
Convert this Go block to C++, preserving its control flow and logic.
package main import ( "fmt" "rcu" ) func D(n float64) float64 { if n < 0 { return -D(-n) } if n < 2 { return 0 } var f []int if n < 1e19 { f = rcu.PrimeFactors(int(n)) } else { g := int(n / 100) f = rcu.PrimeFactors(g) f = append(f, []int{2, 2, 5, 5}...) } c := len(f) if c == 1 { return 1 } if c == 2 { return float64(f[0] + f[1]) } d := n / float64(f[0]) return D(d)*float64(f[0]) + d } func main() { ad := make([]int, 200) for n := -99; n < 101; n++ { ad[n+99] = int(D(float64(n))) } rcu.PrintTable(ad, 10, 4, false) fmt.Println() pow := 1.0 for m := 1; m < 21; m++ { pow *= 10 fmt.Printf("D(10^%-2d) / 7 = %.0f\n", m, D(pow)/7) } }
#include <iomanip> #include <iostream> #include <boost/multiprecision/cpp_int.hpp> template <typename IntegerType> IntegerType arithmetic_derivative(IntegerType n) { bool negative = n < 0; if (negative) n = -n; if (n < 2) return 0; IntegerType sum = 0, count = 0, m = n; while ((m & 1) == 0) { m >>= 1; count += n; } if (count > 0) sum += count / 2; for (IntegerType p = 3, sq = 9; sq <= m; p += 2) { count = 0; while (m % p == 0) { m /= p; count += n; } if (count > 0) sum += count / p; sq += (p + 1) << 2; } if (m > 1) sum += n / m; if (negative) sum = -sum; return sum; } int main() { using boost::multiprecision::int128_t; for (int n = -99, i = 0; n <= 100; ++n, ++i) { std::cout << std::setw(4) << arithmetic_derivative(n) << ((i + 1) % 10 == 0 ? '\n' : ' '); } int128_t p = 10; std::cout << '\n'; for (int i = 0; i < 20; ++i, p *= 10) { std::cout << "D(10^" << std::setw(2) << i + 1 << ") / 7 = " << arithmetic_derivative(p) / 7 << '\n'; } }
Convert the following code from Go to C++, ensuring the logic remains intact.
package main import "fmt" func shouldSwap(s []byte, start, curr int) bool { for i := start; i < curr; i++ { if s[i] == s[curr] { return false } } return true } func findPerms(s []byte, index, n int, res *[]string) { if index >= n { *res = append(*res, string(s)) return } for i := index; i < n; i++ { check := shouldSwap(s, index, i) if check { s[index], s[i] = s[i], s[index] findPerms(s, index+1, n, res) s[index], s[i] = s[i], s[index] } } } func createSlice(nums []int, charSet string) []byte { var chars []byte for i := 0; i < len(nums); i++ { for j := 0; j < nums[i]; j++ { chars = append(chars, charSet[i]) } } return chars } func main() { var res, res2, res3 []string nums := []int{2, 1} s := createSlice(nums, "12") findPerms(s, 0, len(s), &res) fmt.Println(res) fmt.Println() nums = []int{2, 3, 1} s = createSlice(nums, "123") findPerms(s, 0, len(s), &res2) fmt.Println(res2) fmt.Println() s = createSlice(nums, "ABC") findPerms(s, 0, len(s), &res3) fmt.Println(res3) }
#include <algorithm> #include <iostream> int main() { std::string str("AABBBC"); int count = 0; do { std::cout << str << (++count % 10 == 0 ? '\n' : ' '); } while (std::next_permutation(str.begin(), str.end())); }
Convert this Go snippet to C++ and keep its semantics consistent.
package main import ( "github.com/fogleman/gg" "math" ) type tiletype int const ( kite tiletype = iota dart ) type tile struct { tt tiletype x, y float64 angle, size float64 } var gr = (1 + math.Sqrt(5)) / 2 const theta = math.Pi / 5 func setupPrototiles(w, h int) []tile { var proto []tile for a := math.Pi/2 + theta; a < 3*math.Pi; a += 2 * theta { ww := float64(w / 2) hh := float64(h / 2) proto = append(proto, tile{kite, ww, hh, a, float64(w) / 2.5}) } return proto } func distinctTiles(tls []tile) []tile { tileset := make(map[tile]bool) for _, tl := range tls { tileset[tl] = true } distinct := make([]tile, len(tileset)) for tl, _ := range tileset { distinct = append(distinct, tl) } return distinct } func deflateTiles(tls []tile, gen int) []tile { if gen <= 0 { return tls } var next []tile for _, tl := range tls { x, y, a, size := tl.x, tl.y, tl.angle, tl.size/gr var nx, ny float64 if tl.tt == dart { next = append(next, tile{kite, x, y, a + 5*theta, size}) for i, sign := 0, 1.0; i < 2; i, sign = i+1, -sign { nx = x + math.Cos(a-4*theta*sign)*gr*tl.size ny = y - math.Sin(a-4*theta*sign)*gr*tl.size next = append(next, tile{dart, nx, ny, a - 4*theta*sign, size}) } } else { for i, sign := 0, 1.0; i < 2; i, sign = i+1, -sign { next = append(next, tile{dart, x, y, a - 4*theta*sign, size}) nx = x + math.Cos(a-theta*sign)*gr*tl.size ny = y - math.Sin(a-theta*sign)*gr*tl.size next = append(next, tile{kite, nx, ny, a + 3*theta*sign, size}) } } } tls = distinctTiles(next) return deflateTiles(tls, gen-1) } func drawTiles(dc *gg.Context, tls []tile) { dist := [2][3]float64{{gr, gr, gr}, {-gr, -1, -gr}} for _, tl := range tls { angle := tl.angle - theta dc.MoveTo(tl.x, tl.y) ord := tl.tt for i := 0; i < 3; i++ { x := tl.x + dist[ord][i]*tl.size*math.Cos(angle) y := tl.y - dist[ord][i]*tl.size*math.Sin(angle) dc.LineTo(x, y) angle += theta } dc.ClosePath() if ord == kite { dc.SetHexColor("FFA500") } else { dc.SetHexColor("FFFF00") } dc.FillPreserve() dc.SetHexColor("A9A9A9") dc.SetLineWidth(1) dc.Stroke() } } func main() { w, h := 700, 450 dc := gg.NewContext(w, h) dc.SetRGB(1, 1, 1) dc.Clear() tiles := deflateTiles(setupPrototiles(w, h), 5) drawTiles(dc, tiles) dc.SavePNG("penrose_tiling.png") }
#include <cmath> #include <cstdlib> #include <fstream> #include <iomanip> #include <iostream> #include <set> #include <sstream> #include <stack> #include <string> #include <tuple> int main() { std::ofstream out("penrose_tiling.svg"); if (!out) { std::cerr << "Cannot open output file.\n"; return EXIT_FAILURE; } std::string penrose("[N]++[N]++[N]++[N]++[N]"); for (int i = 1; i <= 4; ++i) { std::string next; for (char ch : penrose) { switch (ch) { case 'A': break; case 'M': next += "OA++PA----NA[-OA----MA]++"; break; case 'N': next += "+OA--PA[---MA--NA]+"; break; case 'O': next += "-MA++NA[+++OA++PA]-"; break; case 'P': next += "--OA++++MA[+PA++++NA]--NA"; break; default: next += ch; break; } } penrose = std::move(next); } const double r = 30; const double pi5 = 0.628318530717959; double x = r * 8, y = r * 8, theta = pi5; std::set<std::string> svg; std::stack<std::tuple<double, double, double>> stack; for (char ch : penrose) { switch (ch) { case 'A': { double nx = x + r * std::cos(theta); double ny = y + r * std::sin(theta); std::ostringstream line; line << std::fixed << std::setprecision(3) << "<line x1='" << x << "' y1='" << y << "' x2='" << nx << "' y2='" << ny << "'/>"; svg.insert(line.str()); x = nx; y = ny; } break; case '+': theta += pi5; break; case '-': theta -= pi5; break; case '[': stack.push({x, y, theta}); break; case ']': std::tie(x, y, theta) = stack.top(); stack.pop(); break; } } out << "<svg xmlns='http: << "' width='" << r * 16 << "'>\n" << "<rect height='100%' width='100%' fill='black'/>\n" << "<g stroke='rgb(255,165,0)'>\n"; for (const auto& line : svg) out << line << '\n'; out << "</g>\n</svg>\n"; return EXIT_SUCCESS; }
Can you help me rewrite this code in C++ instead of Go, keeping it the same logically?
package main import ( "fmt" "github.com/nsf/termbox-go" "log" "math/rand" "strconv" "time" ) type coord struct{ x, y int } const ( width = 79 height = 22 nCount = float64(width * height) ) var ( board [width * height]int score = 0 bold = termbox.AttrBold cursor coord ) var colors = [10]termbox.Attribute{ termbox.ColorDefault, termbox.ColorWhite, termbox.ColorBlack | bold, termbox.ColorBlue | bold, termbox.ColorGreen | bold, termbox.ColorCyan | bold, termbox.ColorRed | bold, termbox.ColorMagenta | bold, termbox.ColorYellow | bold, termbox.ColorWhite | bold, } func printAt(x, y int, s string, fg, bg termbox.Attribute) { for _, r := range s { termbox.SetCell(x, y, r, fg, bg) x++ } } func createBoard() { for y := 0; y < height; y++ { for x := 0; x < width; x++ { board[x+width*y] = rand.Intn(9) + 1 } } cursor = coord{rand.Intn(width), rand.Intn(height)} board[cursor.x+width*cursor.y] = 0 score = 0 printScore() } func displayBoard() { termbox.SetCursor(0, 0) bg := colors[0] for y := 0; y < height; y++ { for x := 0; x < width; x++ { i := board[x+width*y] fg := colors[i] s := " " if i > 0 { s = strconv.Itoa(i) } printAt(x, y, s, fg, bg) } } fg := colors[9] termbox.SetCursor(cursor.x, cursor.y) printAt(cursor.x, cursor.y, "@", fg, bg) termbox.Flush() } func printScore() { termbox.SetCursor(0, 24) fg := colors[4] bg := termbox.ColorGreen s := fmt.Sprintf(" SCORE: %d : %.3f%% ", score, float64(score)*100.0/nCount) printAt(0, 24, s, fg, bg) termbox.Flush() } func execute(x, y int) { i := board[cursor.x+x+width*(cursor.y+y)] if countSteps(i, x, y) { score += i for i != 0 { i-- cursor.x += x cursor.y += y board[cursor.x+width*cursor.y] = 0 } } } func countSteps(i, x, y int) bool { t := cursor for i != 0 { i-- t.x += x t.y += y if t.x < 0 || t.y < 0 || t.x >= width || t.y >= height || board[t.x+width*t.y] == 0 { return false } } return true } func existsMoves() bool { for y := -1; y < 2; y++ { for x := -1; x < 2; x++ { if x == 0 && y == 0 { continue } ix := cursor.x + x + width*(cursor.y+y) i := 0 if ix >= 0 && ix < len(board) { i = board[ix] } if i > 0 && countSteps(i, x, y) { return true } } } return false } func check(err error) { if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } } func main() { rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano()) err := termbox.Init() check(err) defer termbox.Close() eventQueue := make(chan termbox.Event) go func() { for { eventQueue <- termbox.PollEvent() } }() for { termbox.HideCursor() createBoard() for { displayBoard() select { case ev := <-eventQueue: if ev.Type == termbox.EventKey { switch ev.Ch { case 'q', 'Q': if cursor.x > 0 && cursor.y > 0 { execute(-1, -1) } case 'w', 'W': if cursor.y > 0 { execute(0, -1) } case 'e', 'E': if cursor.x < width-1 && cursor.y > 0 { execute(1, -1) } case 'a', 'A': if cursor.x > 0 { execute(-1, 0) } case 'd', 'D': if cursor.x < width-1 { execute(1, 0) } case 'z', 'Z': if cursor.x > 0 && cursor.y < height-1 { execute(-1, 1) } case 'x', 'X': if cursor.y < height-1 { execute(0, 1) } case 'c', 'C': if cursor.x < width-1 && cursor.y < height-1 { execute(1, 1) } case 'l', 'L': return } } else if ev.Type == termbox.EventResize { termbox.Flush() } } printScore() if !existsMoves() { break } } displayBoard() fg := colors[7] bg := colors[0] printAt(19, 8, "+----------------------------------------+", fg, bg) printAt(19, 9, "| GAME OVER |", fg, bg) printAt(19, 10, "| PLAY AGAIN(Y/N)? |", fg, bg) printAt(19, 11, "+----------------------------------------+", fg, bg) termbox.SetCursor(48, 10) termbox.Flush() select { case ev := <-eventQueue: if ev.Type == termbox.EventKey { if ev.Ch == 'y' || ev.Ch == 'Y' { break } else { return } } } } }
#include <windows.h> #include <iostream> #include <ctime> const int WID = 79, HEI = 22; const float NCOUNT = ( float )( WID * HEI ); class coord : public COORD { public: coord( short x = 0, short y = 0 ) { set( x, y ); } void set( short x, short y ) { X = x; Y = y; } }; class winConsole { public: static winConsole* getInstamnce() { if( 0 == inst ) { inst = new winConsole(); } return inst; } void showCursor( bool s ) { CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO ci = { 1, s }; SetConsoleCursorInfo( conOut, &ci ); } void setColor( WORD clr ) { SetConsoleTextAttribute( conOut, clr ); } void setCursor( coord p ) { SetConsoleCursorPosition( conOut, p ); } void flush() { FlushConsoleInputBuffer( conIn ); } void kill() { delete inst; } private: winConsole() { conOut = GetStdHandle( STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE ); conIn = GetStdHandle( STD_INPUT_HANDLE ); showCursor( false ); } static winConsole* inst; HANDLE conOut, conIn; }; class greed { public: greed() { console = winConsole::getInstamnce(); } ~greed() { console->kill(); } void play() { char g; do { console->showCursor( false ); createBoard(); do { displayBoard(); getInput(); } while( existsMoves() ); displayBoard(); console->setCursor( coord( 0, 24 ) ); console->setColor( 0x07 ); console->setCursor( coord( 19, 8 ) ); std::cout << "+----------------------------------------+"; console->setCursor( coord( 19, 9 ) ); std::cout << "| GAME OVER |"; console->setCursor( coord( 19, 10 ) ); std::cout << "| PLAY AGAIN(Y/N)? |"; console->setCursor( coord( 19, 11 ) ); std::cout << "+----------------------------------------+"; console->setCursor( coord( 48, 10 ) ); console->showCursor( true ); console->flush(); std::cin >> g; } while( g == 'Y' || g == 'y' ); } private: void createBoard() { for( int y = 0; y < HEI; y++ ) { for( int x = 0; x < WID; x++ ) { brd[x + WID * y] = rand() % 9 + 1; } } cursor.set( rand() % WID, rand() % HEI ); brd[cursor.X + WID * cursor.Y] = 0; score = 0; printScore(); } void displayBoard() { console->setCursor( coord() ); int i; for( int y = 0; y < HEI; y++ ) { for( int x = 0; x < WID; x++ ) { i = brd[x + WID * y]; console->setColor( 6 + i ); if( !i ) std::cout << " "; else std::cout << i; } std::cout << "\n"; } console->setColor( 15 ); console->setCursor( cursor ); std::cout << "@"; } void getInput() { while( 1 ) { if( ( GetAsyncKeyState( 'Q' ) & 0x8000 ) && cursor.X > 0 && cursor.Y > 0 ) { execute( -1, -1 ); break; } if( ( GetAsyncKeyState( 'W' ) & 0x8000 ) && cursor.Y > 0 ) { execute( 0, -1 ); break; } if( ( GetAsyncKeyState( 'E' ) & 0x8000 ) && cursor.X < WID - 1 && cursor.Y > 0 ) { execute( 1, -1 ); break; } if( ( GetAsyncKeyState( 'A' ) & 0x8000 ) && cursor.X > 0 ) { execute( -1, 0 ); break; } if( ( GetAsyncKeyState( 'D' ) & 0x8000 ) && cursor.X < WID - 1 ) { execute( 1, 0 ); break; } if( ( GetAsyncKeyState( 'Y' ) & 0x8000 ) && cursor.X > 0 && cursor.Y < HEI - 1 ) { execute( -1, 1 ); break; } if( ( GetAsyncKeyState( 'X' ) & 0x8000 ) && cursor.Y < HEI - 1 ) { execute( 0, 1 ); break; } if( ( GetAsyncKeyState( 'C' ) & 0x8000 ) && cursor.X < WID - 1 && cursor.Y < HEI - 1 ) { execute( 1, 1 ); break; } } console->flush(); printScore(); } void printScore() { console->setCursor( coord( 0, 24 ) ); console->setColor( 0x2a ); std::cout << " SCORE: " << score << " : " << score * 100.f / NCOUNT << "% "; } void execute( int x, int y ) { int i = brd[cursor.X + x + WID * ( cursor.Y + y )]; if( countSteps( i, x, y ) ) { score += i; while( i ) { --i; cursor.X += x; cursor.Y += y; brd[cursor.X + WID * cursor.Y] = 0; } } } bool countSteps( int i, int x, int y ) { coord t( cursor.X, cursor.Y ); while( i ) { --i; t.X += x; t.Y += y; if( t.X < 0 || t.Y < 0 || t.X >= WID || t.Y >= HEI || !brd[t.X + WID * t.Y] ) return false; } return true; } bool existsMoves() { int i; for( int y = -1; y < 2; y++ ) { for( int x = -1; x < 2; x++ ) { if( !x && !y ) continue; i = brd[cursor.X + x + WID * ( cursor.Y + y )]; if( i > 0 && countSteps( i, x, y ) ) return true; } } return false; } winConsole* console; int brd[WID * HEI]; float score; coord cursor; }; winConsole* winConsole::inst = 0; int main( int argc, char* argv[] ) { srand( ( unsigned )time( 0 ) ); SetConsoleTitle( "Greed" ); greed g; g.play(); return 0; }
Translate this program into C++ but keep the logic exactly as in Go.
package main import ( "fmt" "github.com/nsf/termbox-go" "log" "math/rand" "strconv" "time" ) type coord struct{ x, y int } const ( width = 79 height = 22 nCount = float64(width * height) ) var ( board [width * height]int score = 0 bold = termbox.AttrBold cursor coord ) var colors = [10]termbox.Attribute{ termbox.ColorDefault, termbox.ColorWhite, termbox.ColorBlack | bold, termbox.ColorBlue | bold, termbox.ColorGreen | bold, termbox.ColorCyan | bold, termbox.ColorRed | bold, termbox.ColorMagenta | bold, termbox.ColorYellow | bold, termbox.ColorWhite | bold, } func printAt(x, y int, s string, fg, bg termbox.Attribute) { for _, r := range s { termbox.SetCell(x, y, r, fg, bg) x++ } } func createBoard() { for y := 0; y < height; y++ { for x := 0; x < width; x++ { board[x+width*y] = rand.Intn(9) + 1 } } cursor = coord{rand.Intn(width), rand.Intn(height)} board[cursor.x+width*cursor.y] = 0 score = 0 printScore() } func displayBoard() { termbox.SetCursor(0, 0) bg := colors[0] for y := 0; y < height; y++ { for x := 0; x < width; x++ { i := board[x+width*y] fg := colors[i] s := " " if i > 0 { s = strconv.Itoa(i) } printAt(x, y, s, fg, bg) } } fg := colors[9] termbox.SetCursor(cursor.x, cursor.y) printAt(cursor.x, cursor.y, "@", fg, bg) termbox.Flush() } func printScore() { termbox.SetCursor(0, 24) fg := colors[4] bg := termbox.ColorGreen s := fmt.Sprintf(" SCORE: %d : %.3f%% ", score, float64(score)*100.0/nCount) printAt(0, 24, s, fg, bg) termbox.Flush() } func execute(x, y int) { i := board[cursor.x+x+width*(cursor.y+y)] if countSteps(i, x, y) { score += i for i != 0 { i-- cursor.x += x cursor.y += y board[cursor.x+width*cursor.y] = 0 } } } func countSteps(i, x, y int) bool { t := cursor for i != 0 { i-- t.x += x t.y += y if t.x < 0 || t.y < 0 || t.x >= width || t.y >= height || board[t.x+width*t.y] == 0 { return false } } return true } func existsMoves() bool { for y := -1; y < 2; y++ { for x := -1; x < 2; x++ { if x == 0 && y == 0 { continue } ix := cursor.x + x + width*(cursor.y+y) i := 0 if ix >= 0 && ix < len(board) { i = board[ix] } if i > 0 && countSteps(i, x, y) { return true } } } return false } func check(err error) { if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } } func main() { rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano()) err := termbox.Init() check(err) defer termbox.Close() eventQueue := make(chan termbox.Event) go func() { for { eventQueue <- termbox.PollEvent() } }() for { termbox.HideCursor() createBoard() for { displayBoard() select { case ev := <-eventQueue: if ev.Type == termbox.EventKey { switch ev.Ch { case 'q', 'Q': if cursor.x > 0 && cursor.y > 0 { execute(-1, -1) } case 'w', 'W': if cursor.y > 0 { execute(0, -1) } case 'e', 'E': if cursor.x < width-1 && cursor.y > 0 { execute(1, -1) } case 'a', 'A': if cursor.x > 0 { execute(-1, 0) } case 'd', 'D': if cursor.x < width-1 { execute(1, 0) } case 'z', 'Z': if cursor.x > 0 && cursor.y < height-1 { execute(-1, 1) } case 'x', 'X': if cursor.y < height-1 { execute(0, 1) } case 'c', 'C': if cursor.x < width-1 && cursor.y < height-1 { execute(1, 1) } case 'l', 'L': return } } else if ev.Type == termbox.EventResize { termbox.Flush() } } printScore() if !existsMoves() { break } } displayBoard() fg := colors[7] bg := colors[0] printAt(19, 8, "+----------------------------------------+", fg, bg) printAt(19, 9, "| GAME OVER |", fg, bg) printAt(19, 10, "| PLAY AGAIN(Y/N)? |", fg, bg) printAt(19, 11, "+----------------------------------------+", fg, bg) termbox.SetCursor(48, 10) termbox.Flush() select { case ev := <-eventQueue: if ev.Type == termbox.EventKey { if ev.Ch == 'y' || ev.Ch == 'Y' { break } else { return } } } } }
#include <windows.h> #include <iostream> #include <ctime> const int WID = 79, HEI = 22; const float NCOUNT = ( float )( WID * HEI ); class coord : public COORD { public: coord( short x = 0, short y = 0 ) { set( x, y ); } void set( short x, short y ) { X = x; Y = y; } }; class winConsole { public: static winConsole* getInstamnce() { if( 0 == inst ) { inst = new winConsole(); } return inst; } void showCursor( bool s ) { CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO ci = { 1, s }; SetConsoleCursorInfo( conOut, &ci ); } void setColor( WORD clr ) { SetConsoleTextAttribute( conOut, clr ); } void setCursor( coord p ) { SetConsoleCursorPosition( conOut, p ); } void flush() { FlushConsoleInputBuffer( conIn ); } void kill() { delete inst; } private: winConsole() { conOut = GetStdHandle( STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE ); conIn = GetStdHandle( STD_INPUT_HANDLE ); showCursor( false ); } static winConsole* inst; HANDLE conOut, conIn; }; class greed { public: greed() { console = winConsole::getInstamnce(); } ~greed() { console->kill(); } void play() { char g; do { console->showCursor( false ); createBoard(); do { displayBoard(); getInput(); } while( existsMoves() ); displayBoard(); console->setCursor( coord( 0, 24 ) ); console->setColor( 0x07 ); console->setCursor( coord( 19, 8 ) ); std::cout << "+----------------------------------------+"; console->setCursor( coord( 19, 9 ) ); std::cout << "| GAME OVER |"; console->setCursor( coord( 19, 10 ) ); std::cout << "| PLAY AGAIN(Y/N)? |"; console->setCursor( coord( 19, 11 ) ); std::cout << "+----------------------------------------+"; console->setCursor( coord( 48, 10 ) ); console->showCursor( true ); console->flush(); std::cin >> g; } while( g == 'Y' || g == 'y' ); } private: void createBoard() { for( int y = 0; y < HEI; y++ ) { for( int x = 0; x < WID; x++ ) { brd[x + WID * y] = rand() % 9 + 1; } } cursor.set( rand() % WID, rand() % HEI ); brd[cursor.X + WID * cursor.Y] = 0; score = 0; printScore(); } void displayBoard() { console->setCursor( coord() ); int i; for( int y = 0; y < HEI; y++ ) { for( int x = 0; x < WID; x++ ) { i = brd[x + WID * y]; console->setColor( 6 + i ); if( !i ) std::cout << " "; else std::cout << i; } std::cout << "\n"; } console->setColor( 15 ); console->setCursor( cursor ); std::cout << "@"; } void getInput() { while( 1 ) { if( ( GetAsyncKeyState( 'Q' ) & 0x8000 ) && cursor.X > 0 && cursor.Y > 0 ) { execute( -1, -1 ); break; } if( ( GetAsyncKeyState( 'W' ) & 0x8000 ) && cursor.Y > 0 ) { execute( 0, -1 ); break; } if( ( GetAsyncKeyState( 'E' ) & 0x8000 ) && cursor.X < WID - 1 && cursor.Y > 0 ) { execute( 1, -1 ); break; } if( ( GetAsyncKeyState( 'A' ) & 0x8000 ) && cursor.X > 0 ) { execute( -1, 0 ); break; } if( ( GetAsyncKeyState( 'D' ) & 0x8000 ) && cursor.X < WID - 1 ) { execute( 1, 0 ); break; } if( ( GetAsyncKeyState( 'Y' ) & 0x8000 ) && cursor.X > 0 && cursor.Y < HEI - 1 ) { execute( -1, 1 ); break; } if( ( GetAsyncKeyState( 'X' ) & 0x8000 ) && cursor.Y < HEI - 1 ) { execute( 0, 1 ); break; } if( ( GetAsyncKeyState( 'C' ) & 0x8000 ) && cursor.X < WID - 1 && cursor.Y < HEI - 1 ) { execute( 1, 1 ); break; } } console->flush(); printScore(); } void printScore() { console->setCursor( coord( 0, 24 ) ); console->setColor( 0x2a ); std::cout << " SCORE: " << score << " : " << score * 100.f / NCOUNT << "% "; } void execute( int x, int y ) { int i = brd[cursor.X + x + WID * ( cursor.Y + y )]; if( countSteps( i, x, y ) ) { score += i; while( i ) { --i; cursor.X += x; cursor.Y += y; brd[cursor.X + WID * cursor.Y] = 0; } } } bool countSteps( int i, int x, int y ) { coord t( cursor.X, cursor.Y ); while( i ) { --i; t.X += x; t.Y += y; if( t.X < 0 || t.Y < 0 || t.X >= WID || t.Y >= HEI || !brd[t.X + WID * t.Y] ) return false; } return true; } bool existsMoves() { int i; for( int y = -1; y < 2; y++ ) { for( int x = -1; x < 2; x++ ) { if( !x && !y ) continue; i = brd[cursor.X + x + WID * ( cursor.Y + y )]; if( i > 0 && countSteps( i, x, y ) ) return true; } } return false; } winConsole* console; int brd[WID * HEI]; float score; coord cursor; }; winConsole* winConsole::inst = 0; int main( int argc, char* argv[] ) { srand( ( unsigned )time( 0 ) ); SetConsoleTitle( "Greed" ); greed g; g.play(); return 0; }
Rewrite this program in C++ while keeping its functionality equivalent to the Go version.
package main import ( "fmt" "rcu" ) func prune(a []int) []int { prev := a[0] b := []int{prev} for i := 1; i < len(a); i++ { if a[i] != prev { b = append(b, a[i]) prev = a[i] } } return b } func main() { var resF, resD, resT, factors1 []int factors2 := []int{2} factors3 := []int{3} var sum1, sum2, sum3 int = 0, 2, 3 var countF, countD, countT int for n := 2; countT < 1 || countD < 30 || countF < 30; n++ { factors1 = factors2 factors2 = factors3 factors3 = rcu.PrimeFactors(n + 2) sum1 = sum2 sum2 = sum3 sum3 = rcu.SumInts(factors3) if countF < 30 && sum1 == sum2 { resF = append(resF, n) countF++ } if sum1 == sum2 && sum2 == sum3 { resT = append(resT, n) countT++ } if countD < 30 { factors4 := make([]int, len(factors1)) copy(factors4, factors1) factors5 := make([]int, len(factors2)) copy(factors5, factors2) factors4 = prune(factors4) factors5 = prune(factors5) if rcu.SumInts(factors4) == rcu.SumInts(factors5) { resD = append(resD, n) countD++ } } } fmt.Println("First 30 Ruth-Aaron numbers (factors):") fmt.Println(resF) fmt.Println("\nFirst 30 Ruth-Aaron numbers (divisors):") fmt.Println(resD) fmt.Println("\nFirst Ruth-Aaron triple (factors):") fmt.Println(resT[0]) resT = resT[:0] factors1 = factors1[:0] factors2 = factors2[:1] factors2[0] = 2 factors3 = factors3[:1] factors3[0] = 3 countT = 0 for n := 2; countT < 1; n++ { factors1 = factors2 factors2 = factors3 factors3 = prune(rcu.PrimeFactors(n + 2)) sum1 = sum2 sum2 = sum3 sum3 = rcu.SumInts(factors3) if sum1 == sum2 && sum2 == sum3 { resT = append(resT, n) countT++ } } fmt.Println("\nFirst Ruth-Aaron triple (divisors):") fmt.Println(resT[0]) }
#include <iomanip> #include <iostream> int prime_factor_sum(int n) { int sum = 0; for (; (n & 1) == 0; n >>= 1) sum += 2; for (int p = 3, sq = 9; sq <= n; p += 2) { for (; n % p == 0; n /= p) sum += p; sq += (p + 1) << 2; } if (n > 1) sum += n; return sum; } int prime_divisor_sum(int n) { int sum = 0; if ((n & 1) == 0) { sum += 2; n >>= 1; while ((n & 1) == 0) n >>= 1; } for (int p = 3, sq = 9; sq <= n; p += 2) { if (n % p == 0) { sum += p; n /= p; while (n % p == 0) n /= p; } sq += (p + 1) << 2; } if (n > 1) sum += n; return sum; } int main() { const int limit = 30; int dsum1 = 0, fsum1 = 0, dsum2 = 0, fsum2 = 0; std::cout << "First " << limit << " Ruth-Aaron numbers (factors):\n"; for (int n = 2, count = 0; count < limit; ++n) { fsum2 = prime_factor_sum(n); if (fsum1 == fsum2) { ++count; std::cout << std::setw(5) << n - 1 << (count % 10 == 0 ? '\n' : ' '); } fsum1 = fsum2; } std::cout << "\nFirst " << limit << " Ruth-Aaron numbers (divisors):\n"; for (int n = 2, count = 0; count < limit; ++n) { dsum2 = prime_divisor_sum(n); if (dsum1 == dsum2) { ++count; std::cout << std::setw(5) << n - 1 << (count % 10 == 0 ? '\n' : ' '); } dsum1 = dsum2; } dsum1 = 0, fsum1 = 0, dsum2 = 0, fsum2 = 0; for (int n = 2;; ++n) { int fsum3 = prime_factor_sum(n); if (fsum1 == fsum2 && fsum2 == fsum3) { std::cout << "\nFirst Ruth-Aaron triple (factors): " << n - 2 << '\n'; break; } fsum1 = fsum2; fsum2 = fsum3; } for (int n = 2;; ++n) { int dsum3 = prime_divisor_sum(n); if (dsum1 == dsum2 && dsum2 == dsum3) { std::cout << "\nFirst Ruth-Aaron triple (divisors): " << n - 2 << '\n'; break; } dsum1 = dsum2; dsum2 = dsum3; } }
Translate the given Go code snippet into C++ without altering its behavior.
package main import ( "fmt" "math" "rcu" ) func isSquare(n int) bool { s := int(math.Sqrt(float64(n))) return s*s == n } func main() { limit := 200000 d := rcu.PrimeSieve(limit-1, true) d[1] = false for i := 2; i < limit; i++ { if !d[i] { continue } if i%2 == 0 && !isSquare(i) && !isSquare(i/2) { d[i] = false continue } sigmaSum := rcu.SumInts(rcu.Divisors(i)) if rcu.Gcd(sigmaSum, i) != 1 { d[i] = false } } var duff []int for i := 1; i < len(d); i++ { if d[i] { duff = append(duff, i) } } fmt.Println("First 50 Duffinian numbers:") rcu.PrintTable(duff[0:50], 10, 3, false) var triplets [][3]int for i := 2; i < limit; i++ { if d[i] && d[i-1] && d[i-2] { triplets = append(triplets, [3]int{i - 2, i - 1, i}) } } fmt.Println("\nFirst 56 Duffinian triplets:") for i := 0; i < 14; i++ { s := fmt.Sprintf("%6v", triplets[i*4:i*4+4]) fmt.Println(s[1 : len(s)-1]) } }
#include <iomanip> #include <iostream> #include <numeric> #include <sstream> bool duffinian(int n) { if (n == 2) return false; int total = 1, power = 2, m = n; for (; (n & 1) == 0; power <<= 1, n >>= 1) total += power; for (int p = 3; p * p <= n; p += 2) { int sum = 1; for (power = p; n % p == 0; power *= p, n /= p) sum += power; total *= sum; } if (m == n) return false; if (n > 1) total *= n + 1; return std::gcd(total, m) == 1; } int main() { std::cout << "First 50 Duffinian numbers:\n"; for (int n = 1, count = 0; count < 50; ++n) { if (duffinian(n)) std::cout << std::setw(3) << n << (++count % 10 == 0 ? '\n' : ' '); } std::cout << "\nFirst 50 Duffinian triplets:\n"; for (int n = 1, m = 0, count = 0; count < 50; ++n) { if (duffinian(n)) ++m; else m = 0; if (m == 3) { std::ostringstream os; os << '(' << n - 2 << ", " << n - 1 << ", " << n << ')'; std::cout << std::left << std::setw(24) << os.str() << (++count % 3 == 0 ? '\n' : ' '); } } std::cout << '\n'; }
Rewrite this program in C++ while keeping its functionality equivalent to the Go version.
package main import ( "fmt" "math" "rcu" "sort" ) func main() { const limit = 1000000 limit2 := int(math.Cbrt(limit)) primes := rcu.Primes(limit / 6) pc := len(primes) var sphenic []int fmt.Println("Sphenic numbers less than 1,000:") for i := 0; i < pc-2; i++ { if primes[i] > limit2 { break } for j := i + 1; j < pc-1; j++ { prod := primes[i] * primes[j] if prod+primes[j+1] >= limit { break } for k := j + 1; k < pc; k++ { res := prod * primes[k] if res >= limit { break } sphenic = append(sphenic, res) } } } sort.Ints(sphenic) ix := sort.Search(len(sphenic), func(i int) bool { return sphenic[i] >= 1000 }) rcu.PrintTable(sphenic[:ix], 15, 3, false) fmt.Println("\nSphenic triplets less than 10,000:") var triplets [][3]int for i := 0; i < len(sphenic)-2; i++ { s := sphenic[i] if sphenic[i+1] == s+1 && sphenic[i+2] == s+2 { triplets = append(triplets, [3]int{s, s + 1, s + 2}) } } ix = sort.Search(len(triplets), func(i int) bool { return triplets[i][2] >= 10000 }) for i := 0; i < ix; i++ { fmt.Printf("%4d ", triplets[i]) if (i+1)%3 == 0 { fmt.Println() } } fmt.Printf("\nThere are %s sphenic numbers less than 1,000,000.\n", rcu.Commatize(len(sphenic))) fmt.Printf("There are %s sphenic triplets less than 1,000,000.\n", rcu.Commatize(len(triplets))) s := sphenic[199999] pf := rcu.PrimeFactors(s) fmt.Printf("The 200,000th sphenic number is %s (%d*%d*%d).\n", rcu.Commatize(s), pf[0], pf[1], pf[2]) fmt.Printf("The 5,000th sphenic triplet is %v.\n.", triplets[4999]) }
#include <algorithm> #include <cassert> #include <iomanip> #include <iostream> #include <vector> std::vector<bool> prime_sieve(int limit) { std::vector<bool> sieve(limit, true); if (limit > 0) sieve[0] = false; if (limit > 1) sieve[1] = false; for (int i = 4; i < limit; i += 2) sieve[i] = false; for (int p = 3, sq = 9; sq < limit; p += 2) { if (sieve[p]) { for (int q = sq; q < limit; q += p << 1) sieve[q] = false; } sq += (p + 1) << 2; } return sieve; } std::vector<int> prime_factors(int n) { std::vector<int> factors; if (n > 1 && (n & 1) == 0) { factors.push_back(2); while ((n & 1) == 0) n >>= 1; } for (int p = 3; p * p <= n; p += 2) { if (n % p == 0) { factors.push_back(p); while (n % p == 0) n /= p; } } if (n > 1) factors.push_back(n); return factors; } int main() { const int limit = 1000000; const int imax = limit / 6; std::vector<bool> sieve = prime_sieve(imax + 1); std::vector<bool> sphenic(limit + 1, false); for (int i = 0; i <= imax; ++i) { if (!sieve[i]) continue; int jmax = std::min(imax, limit / (i * i)); if (jmax <= i) break; for (int j = i + 1; j <= jmax; ++j) { if (!sieve[j]) continue; int p = i * j; int kmax = std::min(imax, limit / p); if (kmax <= j) break; for (int k = j + 1; k <= kmax; ++k) { if (!sieve[k]) continue; assert(p * k <= limit); sphenic[p * k] = true; } } } std::cout << "Sphenic numbers < 1000:\n"; for (int i = 0, n = 0; i < 1000; ++i) { if (!sphenic[i]) continue; ++n; std::cout << std::setw(3) << i << (n % 15 == 0 ? '\n' : ' '); } std::cout << "\nSphenic triplets < 10,000:\n"; for (int i = 0, n = 0; i < 10000; ++i) { if (i > 1 && sphenic[i] && sphenic[i - 1] && sphenic[i - 2]) { ++n; std::cout << "(" << i - 2 << ", " << i - 1 << ", " << i << ")" << (n % 3 == 0 ? '\n' : ' '); } } int count = 0, triplets = 0, s200000 = 0, t5000 = 0; for (int i = 0; i < limit; ++i) { if (!sphenic[i]) continue; ++count; if (count == 200000) s200000 = i; if (i > 1 && sphenic[i - 1] && sphenic[i - 2]) { ++triplets; if (triplets == 5000) t5000 = i; } } std::cout << "\nNumber of sphenic numbers < 1,000,000: " << count << '\n'; std::cout << "Number of sphenic triplets < 1,000,000: " << triplets << '\n'; auto factors = prime_factors(s200000); assert(factors.size() == 3); std::cout << "The 200,000th sphenic number: " << s200000 << " = " << factors[0] << " * " << factors[1] << " * " << factors[2] << '\n'; std::cout << "The 5,000th sphenic triplet: (" << t5000 - 2 << ", " << t5000 - 1 << ", " << t5000 << ")\n"; }
Convert this Go snippet to C++ and keep its semantics consistent.
package main import "fmt" type any = interface{} func toTree(list []int) any { s := []any{[]any{}} for _, n := range list { for n != len(s) { if n > len(s) { inner := []any{} s[len(s)-1] = append(s[len(s)-1].([]any), inner) s = append(s, inner) } else { s = s[0 : len(s)-1] } } s[len(s)-1] = append(s[len(s)-1].([]any), n) for i := len(s) - 2; i >= 0; i-- { le := len(s[i].([]any)) s[i].([]any)[le-1] = s[i+1] } } return s[0] } func main() { tests := [][]int{ {}, {1, 2, 4}, {3, 1, 3, 1}, {1, 2, 3, 1}, {3, 2, 1, 3}, {3, 3, 3, 1, 1, 3, 3, 3}, } for _, test := range tests { nest := toTree(test) fmt.Printf("%17s => %v\n", fmt.Sprintf("%v", test), nest) } }
#include <any> #include <iostream> #include <iterator> #include <vector> using namespace std; vector<any> MakeTree(input_iterator auto first, input_iterator auto last, int depth = 1) { vector<any> tree; while (first < last && depth <= *first) { if(*first == depth) { tree.push_back(*first); ++first; } else { tree.push_back(MakeTree(first, last, depth + 1)); first = find(first + 1, last, depth); } } return tree; } void PrintTree(input_iterator auto first, input_iterator auto last) { cout << "["; for(auto it = first; it != last; ++it) { if(it != first) cout << ", "; if constexpr (is_integral_v<remove_reference_t<decltype(*first)>>) { cout << *it; } else { if(it->type() == typeid(unsigned int)) { cout << any_cast<unsigned int>(*it); } else { const auto& subTree = any_cast<vector<any>>(*it); PrintTree(subTree.begin(), subTree.end()); } } } cout << "]"; } int main(void) { auto execises = vector<vector<unsigned int>> { {}, {1, 2, 4}, {3, 1, 3, 1}, {1, 2, 3, 1}, {3, 2, 1, 3}, {3, 3, 3, 1, 1, 3, 3, 3} }; for(const auto& e : execises) { auto tree = MakeTree(e.begin(), e.end()); PrintTree(e.begin(), e.end()); cout << " Nests to:\n"; PrintTree(tree.begin(), tree.end()); cout << "\n\n"; } }
Preserve the algorithm and functionality while converting the code from Go to C++.
package main import "fmt" type any = interface{} func toTree(list []int) any { s := []any{[]any{}} for _, n := range list { for n != len(s) { if n > len(s) { inner := []any{} s[len(s)-1] = append(s[len(s)-1].([]any), inner) s = append(s, inner) } else { s = s[0 : len(s)-1] } } s[len(s)-1] = append(s[len(s)-1].([]any), n) for i := len(s) - 2; i >= 0; i-- { le := len(s[i].([]any)) s[i].([]any)[le-1] = s[i+1] } } return s[0] } func main() { tests := [][]int{ {}, {1, 2, 4}, {3, 1, 3, 1}, {1, 2, 3, 1}, {3, 2, 1, 3}, {3, 3, 3, 1, 1, 3, 3, 3}, } for _, test := range tests { nest := toTree(test) fmt.Printf("%17s => %v\n", fmt.Sprintf("%v", test), nest) } }
#include <any> #include <iostream> #include <iterator> #include <vector> using namespace std; vector<any> MakeTree(input_iterator auto first, input_iterator auto last, int depth = 1) { vector<any> tree; while (first < last && depth <= *first) { if(*first == depth) { tree.push_back(*first); ++first; } else { tree.push_back(MakeTree(first, last, depth + 1)); first = find(first + 1, last, depth); } } return tree; } void PrintTree(input_iterator auto first, input_iterator auto last) { cout << "["; for(auto it = first; it != last; ++it) { if(it != first) cout << ", "; if constexpr (is_integral_v<remove_reference_t<decltype(*first)>>) { cout << *it; } else { if(it->type() == typeid(unsigned int)) { cout << any_cast<unsigned int>(*it); } else { const auto& subTree = any_cast<vector<any>>(*it); PrintTree(subTree.begin(), subTree.end()); } } } cout << "]"; } int main(void) { auto execises = vector<vector<unsigned int>> { {}, {1, 2, 4}, {3, 1, 3, 1}, {1, 2, 3, 1}, {3, 2, 1, 3}, {3, 3, 3, 1, 1, 3, 3, 3} }; for(const auto& e : execises) { auto tree = MakeTree(e.begin(), e.end()); PrintTree(e.begin(), e.end()); cout << " Nests to:\n"; PrintTree(tree.begin(), tree.end()); cout << "\n\n"; } }
Keep all operations the same but rewrite the snippet in C++.
package main import ( "fmt" "go/ast" "go/parser" "log" ) func labelStr(label int) string { return fmt.Sprintf("_%04d", label) } type binexp struct { op, left, right string kind, index int } func main() { x := "(one + two) * three - four * five" fmt.Println("Expression to parse: ", x) f, err := parser.ParseExpr(x) if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } fmt.Println("\nThe abstract syntax tree for this expression:") ast.Print(nil, f) fmt.Println("\nThe corresponding three-address code:") var binexps []binexp ast.Inspect(f, func(n ast.Node) bool { switch x := n.(type) { case *ast.BinaryExpr: sx, ok1 := x.X.(*ast.Ident) sy, ok2 := x.Y.(*ast.Ident) op := x.Op.String() if ok1 && ok2 { binexps = append(binexps, binexp{op, sx.Name, sy.Name, 3, 0}) } else if !ok1 && ok2 { binexps = append(binexps, binexp{op, "<addr>", sy.Name, 2, 0}) } else if ok1 && !ok2 { binexps = append(binexps, binexp{op, sx.Name, "<addr>", 1, 0}) } else { binexps = append(binexps, binexp{op, "<addr>", "<addr>", 0, 0}) } } return true }) for i := 0; i < len(binexps); i++ { binexps[i].index = i } label, last := 0, -1 var ops, args []binexp var labels []string for i, be := range binexps { if be.kind == 0 { ops = append(ops, be) } if be.kind != 3 { continue } label++ ls := labelStr(label) fmt.Printf(" %s = %s %s %s\n", ls, be.left, be.op, be.right) for j := i - 1; j > last; j-- { be2 := binexps[j] if be2.kind == 2 { label++ ls2 := labelStr(label) fmt.Printf(" %s = %s %s %s\n", ls2, ls, be2.op, be2.right) ls = ls2 be = be2 } else if be2.kind == 1 { label++ ls2 := labelStr(label) fmt.Printf(" %s = %s %s %s\n", ls2, be2.left, be2.op, ls) ls = ls2 be = be2 } } args = append(args, be) labels = append(labels, ls) lea, leo := len(args), len(ops) for lea >= 2 { if i < len(binexps)-1 && args[lea-2].index <= ops[leo-1].index { break } label++ ls2 := labelStr(label) fmt.Printf(" %s = %s %s %s\n", ls2, labels[lea-2], ops[leo-1].op, labels[lea-1]) ops = ops[0 : leo-1] args = args[0 : lea-1] labels = labels[0 : lea-1] lea-- leo-- args[lea-1] = be labels[lea-1] = ls2 } last = i } }
#include <iostream> #include <fstream> #include <string> #include <sstream> #include <map> #include <set> #include <regex> using namespace std; map<string, string> terminals; map<string, vector<vector<string>>> nonterminalRules; map<string, set<string>> nonterminalFirst; map<string, vector<string>> nonterminalCode; int main(int argc, char **argv) { if (argc < 3) { cout << "Usage: <input file> <output file>" << endl; return 1; } ifstream inFile(argv[1]); ofstream outFile(argv[2]); regex blankLine(R"(^\s*$)"); regex terminalPattern(R"((\w+)\s+(.+))"); regex rulePattern(R"(^!!\s*(\w+)\s*->\s*((?:\w+\s*)*)$)"); regex argPattern(R"(\$(\d+))"); smatch results; string line; while (true) { getline(inFile, line); if (regex_match(line, blankLine)) break; regex_match(line, results, terminalPattern); terminals[results[1]] = results[2]; } outFile << "#include <iostream>" << endl; outFile << "#include <fstream>" << endl; outFile << "#include <string>" << endl; outFile << "#include <regex>" << endl; outFile << "using namespace std;" << endl << endl; outFile << "string input, nextToken, nextTokenValue;" << endl; outFile << "string prevToken, prevTokenValue;" << endl << endl; outFile << "void advanceToken() {" << endl; outFile << " static smatch results;" << endl << endl; outFile << " prevToken = nextToken;" << endl; outFile << " prevTokenValue = nextTokenValue;" << endl << endl; for (auto i = terminals.begin(); i != terminals.end(); ++i) { string name = i->first + "_pattern"; string pattern = i->second; outFile << " static regex " << name << "(R\"(^\\s*(" << pattern << "))\");" << endl; outFile << " if (regex_search(input, results, " << name << ", regex_constants::match_continuous)) {" << endl; outFile << " nextToken = \"" << i->first << "\";" << endl; outFile << " nextTokenValue = results[1];" << endl; outFile << " input = regex_replace(input, " << name << ", \"\");" << endl; outFile << " return;" << endl; outFile << " }" << endl << endl; } outFile << " static regex eof(R\"(\\s*)\");" << endl; outFile << " if (regex_match(input, results, eof, regex_constants::match_continuous)) {" << endl; outFile << " nextToken = \"\";" << endl; outFile << " nextTokenValue = \"\";" << endl; outFile << " return;" << endl; outFile << " }" << endl << endl; outFile << " throw \"Unknown token\";" << endl; outFile << "}" << endl << endl; outFile << "bool same(string symbol) {" << endl; outFile << " if (symbol == nextToken) {" << endl; outFile << " advanceToken();" << endl; outFile << " return true;" << endl; outFile << " }" << endl; outFile << " return false;" << endl; outFile << "}" << endl << endl; while (true) { getline(inFile, line); if (regex_match(line, results, rulePattern)) break; outFile << line << endl; } while (true) { string name = results[1]; stringstream ss(results[2]); string tempString; vector<string> tempVector; while (ss >> tempString) tempVector.push_back(tempString); nonterminalRules[name].push_back(tempVector); string code = ""; while (true) { getline(inFile, line); if (!inFile || regex_match(line, results, rulePattern)) break; line = regex_replace(line, argPattern, "results[$1]"); code += line + "\n"; } nonterminalCode[name].push_back(code); if (!inFile) break; } bool done = false; while (!done) for (auto i = nonterminalRules.begin(); i != nonterminalRules.end(); ++i) { string name = i->first; done = true; if (nonterminalFirst.find(i->first) == nonterminalFirst.end()) nonterminalFirst[i->first] = set<string>(); for (int j = 0; j < i->second.size(); ++j) { if (i->second[j].size() == 0) nonterminalFirst[i->first].insert(""); else { string first = i->second[j][0]; if (nonterminalFirst.find(first) != nonterminalFirst.end()) { for (auto k = nonterminalFirst[first].begin(); k != nonterminalFirst[first].end(); ++k) { if (nonterminalFirst[name].find(*k) == nonterminalFirst[name].end()) { nonterminalFirst[name].insert(*k); done = false; } } } else if (nonterminalFirst[name].find(first) == nonterminalFirst[name].end()) { nonterminalFirst[name].insert(first); done = false; } } } } for (auto i = nonterminalRules.begin(); i != nonterminalRules.end(); ++i) { string name = i->first + "_rule"; outFile << "string " << name << "();" << endl; } outFile << endl; for (auto i = nonterminalRules.begin(); i != nonterminalRules.end(); ++i) { string name = i->first + "_rule"; outFile << "string " << name << "() {" << endl; outFile << " vector<string> results;" << endl; outFile << " results.push_back(\"\");" << endl << endl; int epsilon = -1; for (int j = 0; epsilon == -1 && j < i->second.size(); ++j) if (i->second[j].size() == 0) epsilon = j; for (int j = 0; j < i->second.size(); ++j) { if (j == epsilon) continue; string token = i->second[j][0]; if (terminals.find(token) != terminals.end()) outFile << " if (nextToken == \"" << i->second[j][0] << "\") {" << endl; else { outFile << " if ("; bool first = true; for (auto k = nonterminalFirst[token].begin(); k != nonterminalFirst[token].end(); ++k, first = false) { if (!first) outFile << " || "; outFile << "nextToken == \"" << (*k) << "\""; } outFile << ") {" << endl; } for (int k = 0; k < i->second[j].size(); ++k) { if (terminals.find(i->second[j][k]) != terminals.end()) { outFile << " if(same(\"" << i->second[j][k] << "\"))" << endl; outFile << " results.push_back(prevTokenValue);" << endl; outFile << " else" << endl; outFile << " throw \"Syntax error - mismatched token\";" << endl; } else outFile << " results.push_back(" << i->second[j][k] << "_rule());" << endl; } outFile << nonterminalCode[i->first][j]; outFile << " }" << endl << endl; } if (epsilon == -1) outFile << " throw \"Syntax error - unmatched token\";" << endl; else outFile << nonterminalCode[i->first][epsilon]; outFile << "}" << endl << endl; } outFile << "int main(int argc, char **argv) {" << endl; outFile << " if(argc < 2) {" << endl; outFile << " cout << \"Usage: <input file>\" << endl;" << endl; outFile << " return 1;" << endl; outFile << " }" << endl << endl; outFile << " ifstream file(argv[1]);" << endl; outFile << " string line;" << endl; outFile << " input = \"\";" << endl << endl; outFile << " while(true) {" << endl; outFile << " getline(file, line);" << endl; outFile << " if(!file) break;" << endl; outFile << " input += line + \"\\n\";" << endl; outFile << " }" << endl << endl; outFile << " advanceToken();" << endl << endl; outFile << " start_rule();" << endl; outFile << "}" << endl; }
Write a version of this Go function in C++ with identical behavior.
package main import ( "fmt" "crypto/md5" "io/ioutil" "log" "os" "path/filepath" "sort" "time" ) type fileData struct { filePath string info os.FileInfo } type hash [16]byte func check(err error) { if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } } func checksum(filePath string) hash { bytes, err := ioutil.ReadFile(filePath) check(err) return hash(md5.Sum(bytes)) } func findDuplicates(dirPath string, minSize int64) [][2]fileData { var dups [][2]fileData m := make(map[hash]fileData) werr := filepath.Walk(dirPath, func(path string, info os.FileInfo, err error) error { if err != nil { return err } if !info.IsDir() && info.Size() >= minSize { h := checksum(path) fd, ok := m[h] fd2 := fileData{path, info} if !ok { m[h] = fd2 } else { dups = append(dups, [2]fileData{fd, fd2}) } } return nil }) check(werr) return dups } func main() { dups := findDuplicates(".", 1) fmt.Println("The following pairs of files have the same size and the same hash:\n") fmt.Println("File name Size Date last modified") fmt.Println("==========================================================") sort.Slice(dups, func(i, j int) bool { return dups[i][0].info.Size() > dups[j][0].info.Size() }) for _, dup := range dups { for i := 0; i < 2; i++ { d := dup[i] fmt.Printf("%-20s %8d %v\n", d.filePath, d.info.Size(), d.info.ModTime().Format(time.ANSIC)) } fmt.Println() } }
#include<iostream> #include<string> #include<boost/filesystem.hpp> #include<boost/format.hpp> #include<boost/iostreams/device/mapped_file.hpp> #include<optional> #include<algorithm> #include<iterator> #include<execution> #include"dependencies/xxhash.hpp" template<typename T, typename V, typename F> size_t for_each_adjacent_range(T begin, T end, V getvalue, F callback) { size_t partitions = 0; while (begin != end) { auto const& value = getvalue(*begin); auto current = begin; while (++current != end && getvalue(*current) == value); callback(begin, current, value); ++partitions; begin = current; } return partitions; } namespace bi = boost::iostreams; namespace fs = boost::filesystem; struct file_entry { public: explicit file_entry(fs::directory_entry const & entry) : path_{entry.path()}, size_{fs::file_size(entry)} {} auto size() const { return size_; } auto const& path() const { return path_; } auto get_hash() { if (!hash_) hash_ = compute_hash(); return *hash_; } private: xxh::hash64_t compute_hash() { bi::mapped_file_source source; source.open<fs::wpath>(this->path()); if (!source.is_open()) { std::cerr << "Cannot open " << path() << std::endl; throw std::runtime_error("Cannot open file"); } xxh::hash_state64_t hash_stream; hash_stream.update(source.data(), size_); return hash_stream.digest(); } private: fs::wpath path_; uintmax_t size_; std::optional<xxh::hash64_t> hash_; }; using vector_type = std::vector<file_entry>; using iterator_type = vector_type::iterator; auto find_files_in_dir(fs::wpath const& path, vector_type& file_vector, uintmax_t min_size = 1) { size_t found = 0, ignored = 0; if (!fs::is_directory(path)) { std::cerr << path << " is not a directory!" << std::endl; } else { std::cerr << "Searching " << path << std::endl; for (auto& e : fs::recursive_directory_iterator(path)) { ++found; if (fs::is_regular_file(e) && fs::file_size(e) >= min_size) file_vector.emplace_back(e); else ++ignored; } } return std::make_tuple(found, ignored); } int main(int argn, char* argv[]) { vector_type files; for (auto i = 1; i < argn; ++i) { fs::wpath path(argv[i]); auto [found, ignored] = find_files_in_dir(path, files); std::cerr << boost::format{ " %1$6d files found\n" " %2$6d files ignored\n" " %3$6d files added\n" } % found % ignored % (found - ignored) << std::endl; } std::cerr << "Found " << files.size() << " regular files" << std::endl; std::sort(std::execution::par_unseq, files.begin(), files.end() , [](auto const& a, auto const& b) { return a.size() > b.size(); } ); for_each_adjacent_range( std::begin(files) , std::end(files) , [](vector_type::value_type const& f) { return f.size(); } , [](auto start, auto end, auto file_size) { size_t nr_of_files = std::distance(start, end); if (nr_of_files > 1) { std::sort(start, end, [](auto& a, auto& b) { auto const& ha = a.get_hash(); auto const& hb = b.get_hash(); auto const& pa = a.path(); auto const& pb = b.path(); return std::tie(ha, pa) < std::tie(hb, pb); }); for_each_adjacent_range( start , end , [](vector_type::value_type& f) { return f.get_hash(); } , [file_size](auto hstart, auto hend, auto hash) { size_t hnr_of_files = std::distance(hstart, hend); if (hnr_of_files > 1) { std::cout << boost::format{ "%1$3d files with hash %3$016x and size %2$d\n" } % hnr_of_files % file_size % hash; std::for_each(hstart, hend, [hash, file_size](auto& e) { std::cout << '\t' << e.path() << '\n'; } ); } } ); } } ); return 0; }
Produce a language-to-language conversion: from Go to C++, same semantics.
package main import ( "fmt" "rcu" ) func main() { primes := rcu.Primes(499) var sprimes []int for _, p := range primes { digits := rcu.Digits(p, 10) var b1 = true for _, d := range digits { if !rcu.IsPrime(d) { b1 = false break } } if b1 { if len(digits) < 3 { sprimes = append(sprimes, p) } else { b2 := rcu.IsPrime(digits[0]*10 + digits[1]) b3 := rcu.IsPrime(digits[1]*10 + digits[2]) if b2 && b3 { sprimes = append(sprimes, p) } } } } fmt.Println("Found", len(sprimes), "primes < 500 where all substrings are also primes, namely:") fmt.Println(sprimes) }
#include <iostream> #include <vector> std::vector<bool> prime_sieve(size_t limit) { std::vector<bool> sieve(limit, true); if (limit > 0) sieve[0] = false; if (limit > 1) sieve[1] = false; for (size_t i = 4; i < limit; i += 2) sieve[i] = false; for (size_t p = 3; ; p += 2) { size_t q = p * p; if (q >= limit) break; if (sieve[p]) { size_t inc = 2 * p; for (; q < limit; q += inc) sieve[q] = false; } } return sieve; } bool substring_prime(const std::vector<bool>& sieve, unsigned int n) { for (; n != 0; n /= 10) { if (!sieve[n]) return false; for (unsigned int p = 10; p < n; p *= 10) { if (!sieve[n % p]) return false; } } return true; } int main() { const unsigned int limit = 500; std::vector<bool> sieve = prime_sieve(limit); for (unsigned int i = 2; i < limit; ++i) { if (substring_prime(sieve, i)) std::cout << i << '\n'; } return 0; }
Change the following Go code into C++ without altering its purpose.
package main import ( "fmt" "rcu" ) func main() { primes := rcu.Primes(499) var sprimes []int for _, p := range primes { digits := rcu.Digits(p, 10) var b1 = true for _, d := range digits { if !rcu.IsPrime(d) { b1 = false break } } if b1 { if len(digits) < 3 { sprimes = append(sprimes, p) } else { b2 := rcu.IsPrime(digits[0]*10 + digits[1]) b3 := rcu.IsPrime(digits[1]*10 + digits[2]) if b2 && b3 { sprimes = append(sprimes, p) } } } } fmt.Println("Found", len(sprimes), "primes < 500 where all substrings are also primes, namely:") fmt.Println(sprimes) }
#include <iostream> #include <vector> std::vector<bool> prime_sieve(size_t limit) { std::vector<bool> sieve(limit, true); if (limit > 0) sieve[0] = false; if (limit > 1) sieve[1] = false; for (size_t i = 4; i < limit; i += 2) sieve[i] = false; for (size_t p = 3; ; p += 2) { size_t q = p * p; if (q >= limit) break; if (sieve[p]) { size_t inc = 2 * p; for (; q < limit; q += inc) sieve[q] = false; } } return sieve; } bool substring_prime(const std::vector<bool>& sieve, unsigned int n) { for (; n != 0; n /= 10) { if (!sieve[n]) return false; for (unsigned int p = 10; p < n; p *= 10) { if (!sieve[n % p]) return false; } } return true; } int main() { const unsigned int limit = 500; std::vector<bool> sieve = prime_sieve(limit); for (unsigned int i = 2; i < limit; ++i) { if (substring_prime(sieve, i)) std::cout << i << '\n'; } return 0; }
Convert this Go snippet to C++ and keep its semantics consistent.
package main import ( "fmt" "math/big" ) func main() { one := big.NewInt(1) two := big.NewInt(2) next := new(big.Int) sylvester := []*big.Int{two} prod := new(big.Int).Set(two) count := 1 for count < 10 { next.Add(prod, one) sylvester = append(sylvester, new(big.Int).Set(next)) count++ prod.Mul(prod, next) } fmt.Println("The first 10 terms in the Sylvester sequence are:") for i := 0; i < 10; i++ { fmt.Println(sylvester[i]) } sumRecip := new(big.Rat) for _, s := range sylvester { sumRecip.Add(sumRecip, new(big.Rat).SetFrac(one, s)) } fmt.Println("\nThe sum of their reciprocals as a rational number is:") fmt.Println(sumRecip) fmt.Println("\nThe sum of their reciprocals as a decimal number (to 211 places) is:") fmt.Println(sumRecip.FloatString(211)) }
#include <iomanip> #include <iostream> #include <boost/rational.hpp> #include <boost/multiprecision/cpp_int.hpp> using integer = boost::multiprecision::cpp_int; using rational = boost::rational<integer>; integer sylvester_next(const integer& n) { return n * n - n + 1; } int main() { std::cout << "First 10 elements in Sylvester's sequence:\n"; integer term = 2; rational sum = 0; for (int i = 1; i <= 10; ++i) { std::cout << std::setw(2) << i << ": " << term << '\n'; sum += rational(1, term); term = sylvester_next(term); } std::cout << "Sum of reciprocals: " << sum << '\n'; }
Rewrite the snippet below in C++ so it works the same as the original Go code.
package main import "fmt" var moves = [][2]int{ {-1, -2}, {1, -2}, {-1, 2}, {1, 2}, {-2, -1}, {-2, 1}, {2, -1}, {2, 1}, } var board1 = " xxx " + " x xx " + " xxxxxxx" + "xxx x x" + "x x xxx" + "sxxxxxx " + " xx x " + " xxx " var board2 = ".....s.x....." + ".....x.x....." + "....xxxxx...." + ".....xxx....." + "..x..x.x..x.." + "xxxxx...xxxxx" + "..xx.....xx.." + "xxxxx...xxxxx" + "..x..x.x..x.." + ".....xxx....." + "....xxxxx...." + ".....x.x....." + ".....x.x....." func solve(pz [][]int, sz, sx, sy, idx, cnt int) bool { if idx > cnt { return true } for i := 0; i < len(moves); i++ { x := sx + moves[i][0] y := sy + moves[i][1] if (x >= 0 && x < sz) && (y >= 0 && y < sz) && pz[x][y] == 0 { pz[x][y] = idx if solve(pz, sz, x, y, idx+1, cnt) { return true } pz[x][y] = 0 } } return false } func findSolution(b string, sz int) { pz := make([][]int, sz) for i := 0; i < sz; i++ { pz[i] = make([]int, sz) for j := 0; j < sz; j++ { pz[i][j] = -1 } } var x, y, idx, cnt int for j := 0; j < sz; j++ { for i := 0; i < sz; i++ { switch b[idx] { case 'x': pz[i][j] = 0 cnt++ case 's': pz[i][j] = 1 cnt++ x, y = i, j } idx++ } } if solve(pz, sz, x, y, 2, cnt) { for j := 0; j < sz; j++ { for i := 0; i < sz; i++ { if pz[i][j] != -1 { fmt.Printf("%02d ", pz[i][j]) } else { fmt.Print("-- ") } } fmt.Println() } } else { fmt.Println("Cannot solve this puzzle!") } } func main() { findSolution(board1, 8) fmt.Println() findSolution(board2, 13) }
#include <vector> #include <sstream> #include <iostream> #include <iterator> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> using namespace std; struct node { int val; unsigned char neighbors; }; class nSolver { public: nSolver() { dx[0] = -1; dy[0] = -2; dx[1] = -1; dy[1] = 2; dx[2] = 1; dy[2] = -2; dx[3] = 1; dy[3] = 2; dx[4] = -2; dy[4] = -1; dx[5] = -2; dy[5] = 1; dx[6] = 2; dy[6] = -1; dx[7] = 2; dy[7] = 1; } void solve( vector<string>& puzz, int max_wid ) { if( puzz.size() < 1 ) return; wid = max_wid; hei = static_cast<int>( puzz.size() ) / wid; int len = wid * hei, c = 0; max = len; arr = new node[len]; memset( arr, 0, len * sizeof( node ) ); for( vector<string>::iterator i = puzz.begin(); i != puzz.end(); i++ ) { if( ( *i ) == "*" ) { max--; arr[c++].val = -1; continue; } arr[c].val = atoi( ( *i ).c_str() ); c++; } solveIt(); c = 0; for( vector<string>::iterator i = puzz.begin(); i != puzz.end(); i++ ) { if( ( *i ) == "." ) { ostringstream o; o << arr[c].val; ( *i ) = o.str(); } c++; } delete [] arr; } private: bool search( int x, int y, int w ) { if( w > max ) return true; node* n = &arr[x + y * wid]; n->neighbors = getNeighbors( x, y ); for( int d = 0; d < 8; d++ ) { if( n->neighbors & ( 1 << d ) ) { int a = x + dx[d], b = y + dy[d]; if( arr[a + b * wid].val == 0 ) { arr[a + b * wid].val = w; if( search( a, b, w + 1 ) ) return true; arr[a + b * wid].val = 0; } } } return false; } unsigned char getNeighbors( int x, int y ) { unsigned char c = 0; int a, b; for( int xx = 0; xx < 8; xx++ ) { a = x + dx[xx], b = y + dy[xx]; if( a < 0 || b < 0 || a >= wid || b >= hei ) continue; if( arr[a + b * wid].val > -1 ) c |= ( 1 << xx ); } return c; } void solveIt() { int x, y, z; findStart( x, y, z ); if( z == 99999 ) { cout << "\nCan't find start point!\n"; return; } search( x, y, z + 1 ); } void findStart( int& x, int& y, int& z ) { z = 99999; for( int b = 0; b < hei; b++ ) for( int a = 0; a < wid; a++ ) if( arr[a + wid * b].val > 0 && arr[a + wid * b].val < z ) { x = a; y = b; z = arr[a + wid * b].val; } } int wid, hei, max, dx[8], dy[8]; node* arr; }; int main( int argc, char* argv[] ) { int wid; string p; p = "* * * * * 1 * . * * * * * * * * * * . * . * * * * * * * * * . . . . . * * * * * * * * * . . . * * * * * * * . * * . * . * * . * * . . . . . * * * . . . . . * * . . * * * * * . . * * . . . . . * * * . . . . . * * . * * . * . * * . * * * * * * * . . . * * * * * * * * * . . . . . * * * * * * * * * . * . * * * * * * * * * * . * . * * * * * "; wid = 13; istringstream iss( p ); vector<string> puzz; copy( istream_iterator<string>( iss ), istream_iterator<string>(), back_inserter<vector<string> >( puzz ) ); nSolver s; s.solve( puzz, wid ); int c = 0; for( vector<string>::iterator i = puzz.begin(); i != puzz.end(); i++ ) { if( ( *i ) != "*" && ( *i ) != "." ) { if( atoi( ( *i ).c_str() ) < 10 ) cout << "0"; cout << ( *i ) << " "; } else cout << " "; if( ++c >= wid ) { cout << endl; c = 0; } } cout << endl << endl; return system( "pause" ); }
Convert this Go snippet to C++ and keep its semantics consistent.
package main import "fmt" var moves = [][2]int{ {-1, -2}, {1, -2}, {-1, 2}, {1, 2}, {-2, -1}, {-2, 1}, {2, -1}, {2, 1}, } var board1 = " xxx " + " x xx " + " xxxxxxx" + "xxx x x" + "x x xxx" + "sxxxxxx " + " xx x " + " xxx " var board2 = ".....s.x....." + ".....x.x....." + "....xxxxx...." + ".....xxx....." + "..x..x.x..x.." + "xxxxx...xxxxx" + "..xx.....xx.." + "xxxxx...xxxxx" + "..x..x.x..x.." + ".....xxx....." + "....xxxxx...." + ".....x.x....." + ".....x.x....." func solve(pz [][]int, sz, sx, sy, idx, cnt int) bool { if idx > cnt { return true } for i := 0; i < len(moves); i++ { x := sx + moves[i][0] y := sy + moves[i][1] if (x >= 0 && x < sz) && (y >= 0 && y < sz) && pz[x][y] == 0 { pz[x][y] = idx if solve(pz, sz, x, y, idx+1, cnt) { return true } pz[x][y] = 0 } } return false } func findSolution(b string, sz int) { pz := make([][]int, sz) for i := 0; i < sz; i++ { pz[i] = make([]int, sz) for j := 0; j < sz; j++ { pz[i][j] = -1 } } var x, y, idx, cnt int for j := 0; j < sz; j++ { for i := 0; i < sz; i++ { switch b[idx] { case 'x': pz[i][j] = 0 cnt++ case 's': pz[i][j] = 1 cnt++ x, y = i, j } idx++ } } if solve(pz, sz, x, y, 2, cnt) { for j := 0; j < sz; j++ { for i := 0; i < sz; i++ { if pz[i][j] != -1 { fmt.Printf("%02d ", pz[i][j]) } else { fmt.Print("-- ") } } fmt.Println() } } else { fmt.Println("Cannot solve this puzzle!") } } func main() { findSolution(board1, 8) fmt.Println() findSolution(board2, 13) }
#include <vector> #include <sstream> #include <iostream> #include <iterator> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> using namespace std; struct node { int val; unsigned char neighbors; }; class nSolver { public: nSolver() { dx[0] = -1; dy[0] = -2; dx[1] = -1; dy[1] = 2; dx[2] = 1; dy[2] = -2; dx[3] = 1; dy[3] = 2; dx[4] = -2; dy[4] = -1; dx[5] = -2; dy[5] = 1; dx[6] = 2; dy[6] = -1; dx[7] = 2; dy[7] = 1; } void solve( vector<string>& puzz, int max_wid ) { if( puzz.size() < 1 ) return; wid = max_wid; hei = static_cast<int>( puzz.size() ) / wid; int len = wid * hei, c = 0; max = len; arr = new node[len]; memset( arr, 0, len * sizeof( node ) ); for( vector<string>::iterator i = puzz.begin(); i != puzz.end(); i++ ) { if( ( *i ) == "*" ) { max--; arr[c++].val = -1; continue; } arr[c].val = atoi( ( *i ).c_str() ); c++; } solveIt(); c = 0; for( vector<string>::iterator i = puzz.begin(); i != puzz.end(); i++ ) { if( ( *i ) == "." ) { ostringstream o; o << arr[c].val; ( *i ) = o.str(); } c++; } delete [] arr; } private: bool search( int x, int y, int w ) { if( w > max ) return true; node* n = &arr[x + y * wid]; n->neighbors = getNeighbors( x, y ); for( int d = 0; d < 8; d++ ) { if( n->neighbors & ( 1 << d ) ) { int a = x + dx[d], b = y + dy[d]; if( arr[a + b * wid].val == 0 ) { arr[a + b * wid].val = w; if( search( a, b, w + 1 ) ) return true; arr[a + b * wid].val = 0; } } } return false; } unsigned char getNeighbors( int x, int y ) { unsigned char c = 0; int a, b; for( int xx = 0; xx < 8; xx++ ) { a = x + dx[xx], b = y + dy[xx]; if( a < 0 || b < 0 || a >= wid || b >= hei ) continue; if( arr[a + b * wid].val > -1 ) c |= ( 1 << xx ); } return c; } void solveIt() { int x, y, z; findStart( x, y, z ); if( z == 99999 ) { cout << "\nCan't find start point!\n"; return; } search( x, y, z + 1 ); } void findStart( int& x, int& y, int& z ) { z = 99999; for( int b = 0; b < hei; b++ ) for( int a = 0; a < wid; a++ ) if( arr[a + wid * b].val > 0 && arr[a + wid * b].val < z ) { x = a; y = b; z = arr[a + wid * b].val; } } int wid, hei, max, dx[8], dy[8]; node* arr; }; int main( int argc, char* argv[] ) { int wid; string p; p = "* * * * * 1 * . * * * * * * * * * * . * . * * * * * * * * * . . . . . * * * * * * * * * . . . * * * * * * * . * * . * . * * . * * . . . . . * * * . . . . . * * . . * * * * * . . * * . . . . . * * * . . . . . * * . * * . * . * * . * * * * * * * . . . * * * * * * * * * . . . . . * * * * * * * * * . * . * * * * * * * * * * . * . * * * * * "; wid = 13; istringstream iss( p ); vector<string> puzz; copy( istream_iterator<string>( iss ), istream_iterator<string>(), back_inserter<vector<string> >( puzz ) ); nSolver s; s.solve( puzz, wid ); int c = 0; for( vector<string>::iterator i = puzz.begin(); i != puzz.end(); i++ ) { if( ( *i ) != "*" && ( *i ) != "." ) { if( atoi( ( *i ).c_str() ) < 10 ) cout << "0"; cout << ( *i ) << " "; } else cout << " "; if( ++c >= wid ) { cout << endl; c = 0; } } cout << endl << endl; return system( "pause" ); }
Transform the following Go implementation into C++, maintaining the same output and logic.
package main import ( "fmt" "sort" "strings" ) type indexSort struct { val sort.Interface ind []int } func (s indexSort) Len() int { return len(s.ind) } func (s indexSort) Less(i, j int) bool { return s.ind[i] < s.ind[j] } func (s indexSort) Swap(i, j int) { s.val.Swap(s.ind[i], s.ind[j]) s.ind[i], s.ind[j] = s.ind[j], s.ind[i] } func disjointSliceSort(m, n []string) []string { s := indexSort{sort.StringSlice(m), make([]int, 0, len(n))} used := make(map[int]bool) for _, nw := range n { for i, mw := range m { if used[i] || mw != nw { continue } used[i] = true s.ind = append(s.ind, i) break } } sort.Sort(s) return s.val.(sort.StringSlice) } func disjointStringSort(m, n string) string { return strings.Join( disjointSliceSort(strings.Fields(m), strings.Fields(n)), " ") } func main() { for _, data := range []struct{ m, n string }{ {"the cat sat on the mat", "mat cat"}, {"the cat sat on the mat", "cat mat"}, {"A B C A B C A B C", "C A C A"}, {"A B C A B D A B E", "E A D A"}, {"A B", "B"}, {"A B", "B A"}, {"A B B A", "B A"}, } { mp := disjointStringSort(data.m, data.n) fmt.Printf("%s → %s » %s\n", data.m, data.n, mp) } }
#include <iostream> #include <vector> #include <algorithm> #include <string> template <typename T> void print(const std::vector<T> v) { std::cout << "{ "; for (const auto& e : v) { std::cout << e << " "; } std::cout << "}"; } template <typename T> auto orderDisjointArrayItems(std::vector<T> M, std::vector<T> N) { std::vector<T*> M_p(std::size(M)); for (auto i = 0; i < std::size(M_p); ++i) { M_p[i] = &M[i]; } for (auto e : N) { auto i = std::find_if(std::begin(M_p), std::end(M_p), [e](auto c) -> bool { if (c != nullptr) { if (*c == e) return true; } return false; }); if (i != std::end(M_p)) { *i = nullptr; } } for (auto i = 0; i < std::size(N); ++i) { auto j = std::find_if(std::begin(M_p), std::end(M_p), [](auto c) -> bool { return c == nullptr; }); if (j != std::end(M_p)) { *j = &M[std::distance(std::begin(M_p), j)]; **j = N[i]; } } return M; } int main() { std::vector<std::vector<std::vector<std::string>>> l = { { { "the", "cat", "sat", "on", "the", "mat" }, { "mat", "cat" } }, { { "the", "cat", "sat", "on", "the", "mat" },{ "cat", "mat" } }, { { "A", "B", "C", "A", "B", "C", "A", "B", "C" },{ "C", "A", "C", "A" } }, { { "A", "B", "C", "A", "B", "D", "A", "B", "E" },{ "E", "A", "D", "A" } }, { { "A", "B" },{ "B" } }, { { "A", "B" },{ "B", "A" } }, { { "A", "B", "B", "A" },{ "B", "A" } } }; for (const auto& e : l) { std::cout << "M: "; print(e[0]); std::cout << ", N: "; print(e[1]); std::cout << ", M': "; auto res = orderDisjointArrayItems<std::string>(e[0], e[1]); print(res); std::cout << std::endl; } std::cin.ignore(); std::cin.get(); return 0; }
Ensure the translated C++ code behaves exactly like the original Go snippet.
var m = ` leading spaces and blank lines`
#include <iostream> int main() { std::cout << R"EOF( A raw string begins with R, then a double-quote ("), then an optional identifier (here I've used "EOF"), then an opening parenthesis ('('). If you use an identifier, it cannot be longer than 16 characters, and it cannot contain a space, either opening or closing parentheses, a backslash, a tab, a vertical tab, a form feed, or a newline. It ends with a closing parenthesis (')'), the identifer (if you used one), and a double-quote. All characters are okay in a raw string, no escape sequences are necessary or recognized, and all whitespace is preserved. )EOF"; }
Change the following Go code into C++ without altering its purpose.
var m = ` leading spaces and blank lines`
#include <iostream> int main() { std::cout << R"EOF( A raw string begins with R, then a double-quote ("), then an optional identifier (here I've used "EOF"), then an opening parenthesis ('('). If you use an identifier, it cannot be longer than 16 characters, and it cannot contain a space, either opening or closing parentheses, a backslash, a tab, a vertical tab, a form feed, or a newline. It ends with a closing parenthesis (')'), the identifer (if you used one), and a double-quote. All characters are okay in a raw string, no escape sequences are necessary or recognized, and all whitespace is preserved. )EOF"; }
Port the following code from Go to C++ with equivalent syntax and logic.
package main import "fmt" func main() { tableA := []struct { value int key string }{ {27, "Jonah"}, {18, "Alan"}, {28, "Glory"}, {18, "Popeye"}, {28, "Alan"}, } tableB := []struct { key string value string }{ {"Jonah", "Whales"}, {"Jonah", "Spiders"}, {"Alan", "Ghosts"}, {"Alan", "Zombies"}, {"Glory", "Buffy"}, } h := map[string][]int{} for i, r := range tableA { h[r.key] = append(h[r.key], i) } for _, x := range tableB { for _, a := range h[x.key] { fmt.Println(tableA[a], x) } } }
#include <iostream> #include <string> #include <vector> #include <unordered_map> using tab_t = std::vector<std::vector<std::string>>; tab_t tab1 { {"27", "Jonah"} , {"18", "Alan"} , {"28", "Glory"} , {"18", "Popeye"} , {"28", "Alan"} }; tab_t tab2 { {"Jonah", "Whales"} , {"Jonah", "Spiders"} , {"Alan", "Ghosts"} , {"Alan", "Zombies"} , {"Glory", "Buffy"} }; std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& o, const tab_t& t) { for(size_t i = 0; i < t.size(); ++i) { o << i << ":"; for(const auto& e : t[i]) o << '\t' << e; o << std::endl; } return o; } tab_t Join(const tab_t& a, size_t columna, const tab_t& b, size_t columnb) { std::unordered_multimap<std::string, size_t> hashmap; for(size_t i = 0; i < a.size(); ++i) { hashmap.insert(std::make_pair(a[i][columna], i)); } tab_t result; for(size_t i = 0; i < b.size(); ++i) { auto range = hashmap.equal_range(b[i][columnb]); for(auto it = range.first; it != range.second; ++it) { tab_t::value_type row; row.insert(row.end() , a[it->second].begin() , a[it->second].end()); row.insert(row.end() , b[i].begin() , b[i].end()); result.push_back(std::move(row)); } } return result; } int main(int argc, char const *argv[]) { using namespace std; int ret = 0; cout << "Table A: " << endl << tab1 << endl; cout << "Table B: " << endl << tab2 << endl; auto tab3 = Join(tab1, 1, tab2, 0); cout << "Joined tables: " << endl << tab3 << endl; return ret; }