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Convert this Go block to C, preserving its control flow and logic.
package main import ( "flag" "fmt" "runtime/debug" ) func main() { stack := flag.Int("stack", 0, "maximum per goroutine stack size or 0 for the default") flag.Parse() if *stack > 0 { debug.SetMaxStack(*stack) } r(1) } func r(l int) { if l%1000 == 0 { fmt.Println(l) } r(l + 1) }
#include <stdio.h> void recurse(unsigned int i) { printf("%d\n", i); recurse(i+1); } int main() { recurse(0); return 0; }
Keep all operations the same but rewrite the snippet in C.
package main import "fmt" func mod(n, m int) int { return ((n % m) + m) % m } func isPrime(n int) bool { if n < 2 { return false } if n % 2 == 0 { return n == 2 } if n % 3 == 0 { return n == 3 } d := 5 for d * d <= n { if n % d == 0 { return false } d += 2 if n % d == 0 { return false } d += 4 } return true } func carmichael(p1 int) { for h3 := 2; h3 < p1; h3++ { for d := 1; d < h3 + p1; d++ { if (h3 + p1) * (p1 - 1) % d == 0 && mod(-p1 * p1, h3) == d % h3 { p2 := 1 + (p1 - 1) * (h3 + p1) / d if !isPrime(p2) { continue } p3 := 1 + p1 * p2 / h3 if !isPrime(p3) { continue } if p2 * p3 % (p1 - 1) != 1 { continue } c := p1 * p2 * p3 fmt.Printf("%2d %4d %5d %d\n", p1, p2, p3, c) } } } } func main() { fmt.Println("The following are Carmichael munbers for p1 <= 61:\n") fmt.Println("p1 p2 p3 product") fmt.Println("== == == =======") for p1 := 2; p1 <= 61; p1++ { if isPrime(p1) { carmichael(p1) } } }
#include <stdio.h> #define mod(n,m) ((((n) % (m)) + (m)) % (m)) int is_prime(unsigned int n) { if (n <= 3) { return n > 1; } else if (!(n % 2) || !(n % 3)) { return 0; } else { unsigned int i; for (i = 5; i*i <= n; i += 6) if (!(n % i) || !(n % (i + 2))) return 0; return 1; } } void carmichael3(int p1) { if (!is_prime(p1)) return; int h3, d, p2, p3; for (h3 = 1; h3 < p1; ++h3) { for (d = 1; d < h3 + p1; ++d) { if ((h3 + p1)*(p1 - 1) % d == 0 && mod(-p1 * p1, h3) == d % h3) { p2 = 1 + ((p1 - 1) * (h3 + p1)/d); if (!is_prime(p2)) continue; p3 = 1 + (p1 * p2 / h3); if (!is_prime(p3) || (p2 * p3) % (p1 - 1) != 1) continue; printf("%d %d %d\n", p1, p2, p3); } } } } int main(void) { int p1; for (p1 = 2; p1 < 62; ++p1) carmichael3(p1); return 0; }
Translate the given Go code snippet into C without altering its behavior.
package main import ( "fmt" "math" "rcu" "sort" ) func main() { arithmetic := []int{1} primes := []int{} limit := int(1e6) for n := 3; len(arithmetic) < limit; n++ { divs := rcu.Divisors(n) if len(divs) == 2 { primes = append(primes, n) arithmetic = append(arithmetic, n) } else { mean := float64(rcu.SumInts(divs)) / float64(len(divs)) if mean == math.Trunc(mean) { arithmetic = append(arithmetic, n) } } } fmt.Println("The first 100 arithmetic numbers are:") rcu.PrintTable(arithmetic[0:100], 10, 3, false) for _, x := range []int{1e3, 1e4, 1e5, 1e6} { last := arithmetic[x-1] lastc := rcu.Commatize(last) fmt.Printf("\nThe %sth arithmetic number is: %s\n", rcu.Commatize(x), lastc) pcount := sort.SearchInts(primes, last) + 1 if !rcu.IsPrime(last) { pcount-- } comp := x - pcount - 1 compc := rcu.Commatize(comp) fmt.Printf("The count of such numbers <= %s which are composite is %s.\n", lastc, compc) } }
#include <stdio.h> void divisor_count_and_sum(unsigned int n, unsigned int* pcount, unsigned int* psum) { unsigned int divisor_count = 1; unsigned int divisor_sum = 1; unsigned int power = 2; for (; (n & 1) == 0; power <<= 1, n >>= 1) { ++divisor_count; divisor_sum += power; } for (unsigned int p = 3; p * p <= n; p += 2) { unsigned int count = 1, sum = 1; for (power = p; n % p == 0; power *= p, n /= p) { ++count; sum += power; } divisor_count *= count; divisor_sum *= sum; } if (n > 1) { divisor_count *= 2; divisor_sum *= n + 1; } *pcount = divisor_count; *psum = divisor_sum; } int main() { unsigned int arithmetic_count = 0; unsigned int composite_count = 0; for (unsigned int n = 1; arithmetic_count <= 1000000; ++n) { unsigned int divisor_count; unsigned int divisor_sum; divisor_count_and_sum(n, &divisor_count, &divisor_sum); if (divisor_sum % divisor_count != 0) continue; ++arithmetic_count; if (divisor_count > 2) ++composite_count; if (arithmetic_count <= 100) { printf("%3u ", n); if (arithmetic_count % 10 == 0) printf("\n"); } if (arithmetic_count == 1000 || arithmetic_count == 10000 || arithmetic_count == 100000 || arithmetic_count == 1000000) { printf("\n%uth arithmetic number is %u\n", arithmetic_count, n); printf("Number of composite arithmetic numbers <= %u: %u\n", n, composite_count); } } return 0; }
Rewrite the snippet below in C so it works the same as the original Go code.
package main import ( "fmt" "math" "rcu" "sort" ) func main() { arithmetic := []int{1} primes := []int{} limit := int(1e6) for n := 3; len(arithmetic) < limit; n++ { divs := rcu.Divisors(n) if len(divs) == 2 { primes = append(primes, n) arithmetic = append(arithmetic, n) } else { mean := float64(rcu.SumInts(divs)) / float64(len(divs)) if mean == math.Trunc(mean) { arithmetic = append(arithmetic, n) } } } fmt.Println("The first 100 arithmetic numbers are:") rcu.PrintTable(arithmetic[0:100], 10, 3, false) for _, x := range []int{1e3, 1e4, 1e5, 1e6} { last := arithmetic[x-1] lastc := rcu.Commatize(last) fmt.Printf("\nThe %sth arithmetic number is: %s\n", rcu.Commatize(x), lastc) pcount := sort.SearchInts(primes, last) + 1 if !rcu.IsPrime(last) { pcount-- } comp := x - pcount - 1 compc := rcu.Commatize(comp) fmt.Printf("The count of such numbers <= %s which are composite is %s.\n", lastc, compc) } }
#include <stdio.h> void divisor_count_and_sum(unsigned int n, unsigned int* pcount, unsigned int* psum) { unsigned int divisor_count = 1; unsigned int divisor_sum = 1; unsigned int power = 2; for (; (n & 1) == 0; power <<= 1, n >>= 1) { ++divisor_count; divisor_sum += power; } for (unsigned int p = 3; p * p <= n; p += 2) { unsigned int count = 1, sum = 1; for (power = p; n % p == 0; power *= p, n /= p) { ++count; sum += power; } divisor_count *= count; divisor_sum *= sum; } if (n > 1) { divisor_count *= 2; divisor_sum *= n + 1; } *pcount = divisor_count; *psum = divisor_sum; } int main() { unsigned int arithmetic_count = 0; unsigned int composite_count = 0; for (unsigned int n = 1; arithmetic_count <= 1000000; ++n) { unsigned int divisor_count; unsigned int divisor_sum; divisor_count_and_sum(n, &divisor_count, &divisor_sum); if (divisor_sum % divisor_count != 0) continue; ++arithmetic_count; if (divisor_count > 2) ++composite_count; if (arithmetic_count <= 100) { printf("%3u ", n); if (arithmetic_count % 10 == 0) printf("\n"); } if (arithmetic_count == 1000 || arithmetic_count == 10000 || arithmetic_count == 100000 || arithmetic_count == 1000000) { printf("\n%uth arithmetic number is %u\n", arithmetic_count, n); printf("Number of composite arithmetic numbers <= %u: %u\n", n, composite_count); } } return 0; }
Ensure the translated C code behaves exactly like the original Go snippet.
package main import ( "code.google.com/p/x-go-binding/ui/x11" "fmt" "image" "image/color" "image/draw" "log" "os" "time" ) var randcol = genrandcol() func genrandcol() <-chan color.Color { c := make(chan color.Color) go func() { for { select { case c <- image.Black: case c <- image.White: } } }() return c } func gennoise(screen draw.Image) { for y := 0; y < 240; y++ { for x := 0; x < 320; x++ { screen.Set(x, y, <-randcol) } } } func fps() chan<- bool { up := make(chan bool) go func() { var frames int64 var lasttime time.Time var totaltime time.Duration for { <-up frames++ now := time.Now() totaltime += now.Sub(lasttime) if totaltime > time.Second { fmt.Printf("FPS: %v\n", float64(frames)/totaltime.Seconds()) frames = 0 totaltime = 0 } lasttime = now } }() return up } func main() { win, err := x11.NewWindow() if err != nil { fmt.Println(err) os.Exit(1) } defer win.Close() go func() { upfps := fps() screen := win.Screen() for { gennoise(screen) win.FlushImage() upfps <- true } }() for _ = range win.EventChan() { } }
#include <stdlib.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <time.h> #include <SDL/SDL.h> unsigned int frames = 0; unsigned int t_acc = 0; void print_fps () { static Uint32 last_t = 0; Uint32 t = SDL_GetTicks(); Uint32 dt = t - last_t; t_acc += dt; if (t_acc > 1000) { unsigned int el_time = t_acc / 1000; printf("- fps: %g\n", (float) frames / (float) el_time); t_acc = 0; frames = 0; } last_t = t; } void blit_noise(SDL_Surface *surf) { unsigned int i; long dim = surf->w * surf->h; while (1) { SDL_LockSurface(surf); for (i=0; i < dim; ++i) { ((unsigned char *)surf->pixels)[i] = ((rand() & 1) ? 255 : 0); } SDL_UnlockSurface(surf); SDL_Flip(surf); ++frames; print_fps(); } } int main(void) { SDL_Surface *surf = NULL; srand((unsigned int)time(NULL)); SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_TIMER | SDL_INIT_VIDEO); surf = SDL_SetVideoMode(320, 240, 8, SDL_DOUBLEBUF | SDL_HWSURFACE); blit_noise(surf); }
Change the programming language of this snippet from Go to C without modifying what it does.
package main import ( "log" gc "code.google.com/p/goncurses" ) func main() { s, err := gc.Init() if err != nil { log.Fatal("init:", err) } defer gc.End() var k gc.Key for { gc.FlushInput() s.MovePrint(20, 0, "Press y/n ") s.Refresh() switch k = s.GetChar(); k { default: continue case 'y', 'Y', 'n', 'N': } break } s.Printf("\nThanks for the %c!\n", k) s.Refresh() s.GetChar() }
#include <stdio.h> #include <termios.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <sys/time.h> void set_mode(int want_key) { static struct termios old, new; if (!want_key) { tcsetattr(STDIN_FILENO, TCSANOW, &old); return; } tcgetattr(STDIN_FILENO, &old); new = old; new.c_lflag &= ~(ICANON); tcsetattr(STDIN_FILENO, TCSANOW, &new); } int get_key(int no_timeout) { int c = 0; struct timeval tv; fd_set fs; tv.tv_usec = tv.tv_sec = 0; FD_ZERO(&fs); FD_SET(STDIN_FILENO, &fs); select(STDIN_FILENO + 1, &fs, 0, 0, no_timeout ? 0 : &tv); if (FD_ISSET(STDIN_FILENO, &fs)) { c = getchar(); set_mode(0); } return c; } int main() { int c; while(1) { set_mode(1); while (get_key(0)); printf("Prompt again [Y/N]? "); fflush(stdout); c = get_key(1); if (c == 'Y' || c == 'y') { printf("\n"); continue; } if (c == 'N' || c == 'n') { printf("\nDone\n"); break; } printf("\nYes or no?\n"); } return 0; }
Write the same algorithm in C as shown in this Go implementation.
package main import ( "log" gc "code.google.com/p/goncurses" ) func main() { s, err := gc.Init() if err != nil { log.Fatal("init:", err) } defer gc.End() var k gc.Key for { gc.FlushInput() s.MovePrint(20, 0, "Press y/n ") s.Refresh() switch k = s.GetChar(); k { default: continue case 'y', 'Y', 'n', 'N': } break } s.Printf("\nThanks for the %c!\n", k) s.Refresh() s.GetChar() }
#include <stdio.h> #include <termios.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <sys/time.h> void set_mode(int want_key) { static struct termios old, new; if (!want_key) { tcsetattr(STDIN_FILENO, TCSANOW, &old); return; } tcgetattr(STDIN_FILENO, &old); new = old; new.c_lflag &= ~(ICANON); tcsetattr(STDIN_FILENO, TCSANOW, &new); } int get_key(int no_timeout) { int c = 0; struct timeval tv; fd_set fs; tv.tv_usec = tv.tv_sec = 0; FD_ZERO(&fs); FD_SET(STDIN_FILENO, &fs); select(STDIN_FILENO + 1, &fs, 0, 0, no_timeout ? 0 : &tv); if (FD_ISSET(STDIN_FILENO, &fs)) { c = getchar(); set_mode(0); } return c; } int main() { int c; while(1) { set_mode(1); while (get_key(0)); printf("Prompt again [Y/N]? "); fflush(stdout); c = get_key(1); if (c == 'Y' || c == 'y') { printf("\n"); continue; } if (c == 'N' || c == 'n') { printf("\nDone\n"); break; } printf("\nYes or no?\n"); } return 0; }
Write the same algorithm in C as shown in this Go implementation.
package main import "fmt" func computePerfect(n int64) bool { var sum int64 for i := int64(1); i < n; i++ { if n%i == 0 { sum += i } } return sum == n } func isPerfect(n int64) bool { switch n { case 6, 28, 496, 8128, 33550336, 8589869056, 137438691328, 2305843008139952128: return true } return false } func main() { for n := int64(1); ; n++ { if isPerfect(n) != computePerfect(n) { panic("bug") } if n%1e3 == 0 { fmt.Println("tested", n) } } }
#include "stdio.h" #include "math.h" int perfect(int n) { int max = (int)sqrt((double)n) + 1; int tot = 1; int i; for (i = 2; i < max; i++) if ( (n % i) == 0 ) { tot += i; int q = n / i; if (q > i) tot += q; } return tot == n; } int main() { int n; for (n = 2; n < 33550337; n++) if (perfect(n)) printf("%d\n", n); return 0; }
Translate the given Go code snippet into C without altering its behavior.
package main import ( "fmt" "math" "math/cmplx" ) type matrix struct { ele []complex128 cols int } func (m *matrix) conjTranspose() *matrix { r := &matrix{make([]complex128, len(m.ele)), len(m.ele) / m.cols} rx := 0 for _, e := range m.ele { r.ele[rx] = cmplx.Conj(e) rx += r.cols if rx >= len(r.ele) { rx -= len(r.ele) - 1 } } return r } func main() { show("h", matrixFromRows([][]complex128{ {3, 2 + 1i}, {2 - 1i, 1}})) show("n", matrixFromRows([][]complex128{ {1, 1, 0}, {0, 1, 1}, {1, 0, 1}})) show("u", matrixFromRows([][]complex128{ {math.Sqrt2 / 2, math.Sqrt2 / 2, 0}, {math.Sqrt2 / -2i, math.Sqrt2 / 2i, 0}, {0, 0, 1i}})) } func show(name string, m *matrix) { m.print(name) ct := m.conjTranspose() ct.print(name + "_ct") fmt.Println("Hermitian:", m.equal(ct, 1e-14)) mct := m.mult(ct) ctm := ct.mult(m) fmt.Println("Normal:", mct.equal(ctm, 1e-14)) i := eye(m.cols) fmt.Println("Unitary:", mct.equal(i, 1e-14) && ctm.equal(i, 1e-14)) } func matrixFromRows(rows [][]complex128) *matrix { m := &matrix{make([]complex128, len(rows)*len(rows[0])), len(rows[0])} for rx, row := range rows { copy(m.ele[rx*m.cols:(rx+1)*m.cols], row) } return m } func eye(n int) *matrix { r := &matrix{make([]complex128, n*n), n} n++ for x := 0; x < len(r.ele); x += n { r.ele[x] = 1 } return r } func (m *matrix) print(heading string) { fmt.Print("\n", heading, "\n") for e := 0; e < len(m.ele); e += m.cols { fmt.Printf("%6.3f ", m.ele[e:e+m.cols]) fmt.Println() } } func (a *matrix) equal(b *matrix, ε float64) bool { for x, aEle := range a.ele { if math.Abs(real(aEle)-real(b.ele[x])) > math.Abs(real(aEle))*ε || math.Abs(imag(aEle)-imag(b.ele[x])) > math.Abs(imag(aEle))*ε { return false } } return true } func (m1 *matrix) mult(m2 *matrix) (m3 *matrix) { m3 = &matrix{make([]complex128, (len(m1.ele)/m1.cols)*m2.cols), m2.cols} for m1c0, m3x := 0, 0; m1c0 < len(m1.ele); m1c0 += m1.cols { for m2r0 := 0; m2r0 < m2.cols; m2r0++ { for m1x, m2x := m1c0, m2r0; m2x < len(m2.ele); m2x += m2.cols { m3.ele[m3x] += m1.ele[m1x] * m2.ele[m2x] m1x++ } m3x++ } } return m3 }
#include<stdlib.h> #include<stdio.h> #include<complex.h> typedef struct { int rows, cols; complex **z; } matrix; matrix transpose (matrix a) { int i, j; matrix b; b.rows = a.cols; b.cols = a.rows; b.z = malloc (b.rows * sizeof (complex *)); for (i = 0; i < b.rows; i++) { b.z[i] = malloc (b.cols * sizeof (complex)); for (j = 0; j < b.cols; j++) { b.z[i][j] = conj (a.z[j][i]); } } return b; } int isHermitian (matrix a) { int i, j; matrix b = transpose (a); if (b.rows == a.rows && b.cols == a.cols) { for (i = 0; i < b.rows; i++) { for (j = 0; j < b.cols; j++) { if (b.z[i][j] != a.z[i][j]) return 0; } } } else return 0; return 1; } matrix multiply (matrix a, matrix b) { matrix c; int i, j; if (a.cols == b.rows) { c.rows = a.rows; c.cols = b.cols; c.z = malloc (c.rows * (sizeof (complex *))); for (i = 0; i < c.rows; i++) { c.z[i] = malloc (c.cols * sizeof (complex)); c.z[i][j] = 0 + 0 * I; for (j = 0; j < b.cols; j++) { c.z[i][j] += a.z[i][j] * b.z[j][i]; } } } return c; } int isNormal (matrix a) { int i, j; matrix a_ah, ah_a; if (a.rows != a.cols) return 0; a_ah = multiply (a, transpose (a)); ah_a = multiply (transpose (a), a); for (i = 0; i < a.rows; i++) { for (j = 0; j < a.cols; j++) { if (a_ah.z[i][j] != ah_a.z[i][j]) return 0; } } return 1; } int isUnitary (matrix a) { matrix b; int i, j; if (isNormal (a) == 1) { b = multiply (a, transpose(a)); for (i = 0; i < b.rows; i++) { for (j = 0; j < b.cols; j++) { if ((i == j && b.z[i][j] != 1) || (i != j && b.z[i][j] != 0)) return 0; } } return 1; } return 0; } int main () { complex z = 3 + 4 * I; matrix a, aT; int i, j; printf ("Enter rows and columns :"); scanf ("%d%d", &a.rows, &a.cols); a.z = malloc (a.rows * sizeof (complex *)); printf ("Randomly Generated Complex Matrix A is : "); for (i = 0; i < a.rows; i++) { printf ("\n"); a.z[i] = malloc (a.cols * sizeof (complex)); for (j = 0; j < a.cols; j++) { a.z[i][j] = rand () % 10 + rand () % 10 * I; printf ("\t%f + %fi", creal (a.z[i][j]), cimag (a.z[i][j])); } } aT = transpose (a); printf ("\n\nTranspose of Complex Matrix A is : "); for (i = 0; i < aT.rows; i++) { printf ("\n"); aT.z[i] = malloc (aT.cols * sizeof (complex)); for (j = 0; j < aT.cols; j++) { aT.z[i][j] = rand () % 10 + rand () % 10 * I; printf ("\t%f + %fi", creal (aT.z[i][j]), cimag (aT.z[i][j])); } } printf ("\n\nComplex Matrix A %s hermitian", isHermitian (a) == 1 ? "is" : "is not"); printf ("\n\nComplex Matrix A %s unitary", isUnitary (a) == 1 ? "is" : "is not"); printf ("\n\nComplex Matrix A %s normal", isNormal (a) == 1 ? "is" : "is not"); return 0; }
Generate an equivalent C version of this Go code.
package main import ( "fmt" "math" "math/cmplx" ) type matrix struct { ele []complex128 cols int } func (m *matrix) conjTranspose() *matrix { r := &matrix{make([]complex128, len(m.ele)), len(m.ele) / m.cols} rx := 0 for _, e := range m.ele { r.ele[rx] = cmplx.Conj(e) rx += r.cols if rx >= len(r.ele) { rx -= len(r.ele) - 1 } } return r } func main() { show("h", matrixFromRows([][]complex128{ {3, 2 + 1i}, {2 - 1i, 1}})) show("n", matrixFromRows([][]complex128{ {1, 1, 0}, {0, 1, 1}, {1, 0, 1}})) show("u", matrixFromRows([][]complex128{ {math.Sqrt2 / 2, math.Sqrt2 / 2, 0}, {math.Sqrt2 / -2i, math.Sqrt2 / 2i, 0}, {0, 0, 1i}})) } func show(name string, m *matrix) { m.print(name) ct := m.conjTranspose() ct.print(name + "_ct") fmt.Println("Hermitian:", m.equal(ct, 1e-14)) mct := m.mult(ct) ctm := ct.mult(m) fmt.Println("Normal:", mct.equal(ctm, 1e-14)) i := eye(m.cols) fmt.Println("Unitary:", mct.equal(i, 1e-14) && ctm.equal(i, 1e-14)) } func matrixFromRows(rows [][]complex128) *matrix { m := &matrix{make([]complex128, len(rows)*len(rows[0])), len(rows[0])} for rx, row := range rows { copy(m.ele[rx*m.cols:(rx+1)*m.cols], row) } return m } func eye(n int) *matrix { r := &matrix{make([]complex128, n*n), n} n++ for x := 0; x < len(r.ele); x += n { r.ele[x] = 1 } return r } func (m *matrix) print(heading string) { fmt.Print("\n", heading, "\n") for e := 0; e < len(m.ele); e += m.cols { fmt.Printf("%6.3f ", m.ele[e:e+m.cols]) fmt.Println() } } func (a *matrix) equal(b *matrix, ε float64) bool { for x, aEle := range a.ele { if math.Abs(real(aEle)-real(b.ele[x])) > math.Abs(real(aEle))*ε || math.Abs(imag(aEle)-imag(b.ele[x])) > math.Abs(imag(aEle))*ε { return false } } return true } func (m1 *matrix) mult(m2 *matrix) (m3 *matrix) { m3 = &matrix{make([]complex128, (len(m1.ele)/m1.cols)*m2.cols), m2.cols} for m1c0, m3x := 0, 0; m1c0 < len(m1.ele); m1c0 += m1.cols { for m2r0 := 0; m2r0 < m2.cols; m2r0++ { for m1x, m2x := m1c0, m2r0; m2x < len(m2.ele); m2x += m2.cols { m3.ele[m3x] += m1.ele[m1x] * m2.ele[m2x] m1x++ } m3x++ } } return m3 }
#include<stdlib.h> #include<stdio.h> #include<complex.h> typedef struct { int rows, cols; complex **z; } matrix; matrix transpose (matrix a) { int i, j; matrix b; b.rows = a.cols; b.cols = a.rows; b.z = malloc (b.rows * sizeof (complex *)); for (i = 0; i < b.rows; i++) { b.z[i] = malloc (b.cols * sizeof (complex)); for (j = 0; j < b.cols; j++) { b.z[i][j] = conj (a.z[j][i]); } } return b; } int isHermitian (matrix a) { int i, j; matrix b = transpose (a); if (b.rows == a.rows && b.cols == a.cols) { for (i = 0; i < b.rows; i++) { for (j = 0; j < b.cols; j++) { if (b.z[i][j] != a.z[i][j]) return 0; } } } else return 0; return 1; } matrix multiply (matrix a, matrix b) { matrix c; int i, j; if (a.cols == b.rows) { c.rows = a.rows; c.cols = b.cols; c.z = malloc (c.rows * (sizeof (complex *))); for (i = 0; i < c.rows; i++) { c.z[i] = malloc (c.cols * sizeof (complex)); c.z[i][j] = 0 + 0 * I; for (j = 0; j < b.cols; j++) { c.z[i][j] += a.z[i][j] * b.z[j][i]; } } } return c; } int isNormal (matrix a) { int i, j; matrix a_ah, ah_a; if (a.rows != a.cols) return 0; a_ah = multiply (a, transpose (a)); ah_a = multiply (transpose (a), a); for (i = 0; i < a.rows; i++) { for (j = 0; j < a.cols; j++) { if (a_ah.z[i][j] != ah_a.z[i][j]) return 0; } } return 1; } int isUnitary (matrix a) { matrix b; int i, j; if (isNormal (a) == 1) { b = multiply (a, transpose(a)); for (i = 0; i < b.rows; i++) { for (j = 0; j < b.cols; j++) { if ((i == j && b.z[i][j] != 1) || (i != j && b.z[i][j] != 0)) return 0; } } return 1; } return 0; } int main () { complex z = 3 + 4 * I; matrix a, aT; int i, j; printf ("Enter rows and columns :"); scanf ("%d%d", &a.rows, &a.cols); a.z = malloc (a.rows * sizeof (complex *)); printf ("Randomly Generated Complex Matrix A is : "); for (i = 0; i < a.rows; i++) { printf ("\n"); a.z[i] = malloc (a.cols * sizeof (complex)); for (j = 0; j < a.cols; j++) { a.z[i][j] = rand () % 10 + rand () % 10 * I; printf ("\t%f + %fi", creal (a.z[i][j]), cimag (a.z[i][j])); } } aT = transpose (a); printf ("\n\nTranspose of Complex Matrix A is : "); for (i = 0; i < aT.rows; i++) { printf ("\n"); aT.z[i] = malloc (aT.cols * sizeof (complex)); for (j = 0; j < aT.cols; j++) { aT.z[i][j] = rand () % 10 + rand () % 10 * I; printf ("\t%f + %fi", creal (aT.z[i][j]), cimag (aT.z[i][j])); } } printf ("\n\nComplex Matrix A %s hermitian", isHermitian (a) == 1 ? "is" : "is not"); printf ("\n\nComplex Matrix A %s unitary", isUnitary (a) == 1 ? "is" : "is not"); printf ("\n\nComplex Matrix A %s normal", isNormal (a) == 1 ? "is" : "is not"); return 0; }
Generate a C translation of this Go snippet without changing its computational steps.
package main import ( "fmt" "math/big" ) func jacobsthal(n uint) *big.Int { t := big.NewInt(1) t.Lsh(t, n) s := big.NewInt(1) if n%2 != 0 { s.Neg(s) } t.Sub(t, s) return t.Div(t, big.NewInt(3)) } func jacobsthalLucas(n uint) *big.Int { t := big.NewInt(1) t.Lsh(t, n) a := big.NewInt(1) if n%2 != 0 { a.Neg(a) } return t.Add(t, a) } func main() { jac := make([]*big.Int, 30) fmt.Println("First 30 Jacobsthal numbers:") for i := uint(0); i < 30; i++ { jac[i] = jacobsthal(i) fmt.Printf("%9d ", jac[i]) if (i+1)%5 == 0 { fmt.Println() } } fmt.Println("\nFirst 30 Jacobsthal-Lucas numbers:") for i := uint(0); i < 30; i++ { fmt.Printf("%9d ", jacobsthalLucas(i)) if (i+1)%5 == 0 { fmt.Println() } } fmt.Println("\nFirst 20 Jacobsthal oblong numbers:") for i := uint(0); i < 20; i++ { t := big.NewInt(0) fmt.Printf("%11d ", t.Mul(jac[i], jac[i+1])) if (i+1)%5 == 0 { fmt.Println() } } fmt.Println("\nFirst 20 Jacobsthal primes:") for n, count := uint(0), 0; count < 20; n++ { j := jacobsthal(n) if j.ProbablyPrime(10) { fmt.Println(j) count++ } } }
#include <stdio.h> #include <gmp.h> void jacobsthal(mpz_t r, unsigned long n) { mpz_t s; mpz_init(s); mpz_set_ui(r, 1); mpz_mul_2exp(r, r, n); mpz_set_ui(s, 1); if (n % 2) mpz_neg(s, s); mpz_sub(r, r, s); mpz_div_ui(r, r, 3); } void jacobsthal_lucas(mpz_t r, unsigned long n) { mpz_t a; mpz_init(a); mpz_set_ui(r, 1); mpz_mul_2exp(r, r, n); mpz_set_ui(a, 1); if (n % 2) mpz_neg(a, a); mpz_add(r, r, a); } int main() { int i, count; mpz_t jac[30], j; printf("First 30 Jacobsthal numbers:\n"); for (i = 0; i < 30; ++i) { mpz_init(jac[i]); jacobsthal(jac[i], i); gmp_printf("%9Zd ", jac[i]); if (!((i+1)%5)) printf("\n"); } printf("\nFirst 30 Jacobsthal-Lucas numbers:\n"); mpz_init(j); for (i = 0; i < 30; ++i) { jacobsthal_lucas(j, i); gmp_printf("%9Zd ", j); if (!((i+1)%5)) printf("\n"); } printf("\nFirst 20 Jacobsthal oblong numbers:\n"); for (i = 0; i < 20; ++i) { mpz_mul(j, jac[i], jac[i+1]); gmp_printf("%11Zd ", j); if (!((i+1)%5)) printf("\n"); } printf("\nFirst 20 Jacobsthal primes:\n"); for (i = 0, count = 0; count < 20; ++i) { jacobsthal(j, i); if (mpz_probab_prime_p(j, 15) > 0) { gmp_printf("%Zd\n", j); ++count; } } return 0; }
Convert the following code from Go to C, ensuring the logic remains intact.
package main import ( "fmt" "math/big" ) func jacobsthal(n uint) *big.Int { t := big.NewInt(1) t.Lsh(t, n) s := big.NewInt(1) if n%2 != 0 { s.Neg(s) } t.Sub(t, s) return t.Div(t, big.NewInt(3)) } func jacobsthalLucas(n uint) *big.Int { t := big.NewInt(1) t.Lsh(t, n) a := big.NewInt(1) if n%2 != 0 { a.Neg(a) } return t.Add(t, a) } func main() { jac := make([]*big.Int, 30) fmt.Println("First 30 Jacobsthal numbers:") for i := uint(0); i < 30; i++ { jac[i] = jacobsthal(i) fmt.Printf("%9d ", jac[i]) if (i+1)%5 == 0 { fmt.Println() } } fmt.Println("\nFirst 30 Jacobsthal-Lucas numbers:") for i := uint(0); i < 30; i++ { fmt.Printf("%9d ", jacobsthalLucas(i)) if (i+1)%5 == 0 { fmt.Println() } } fmt.Println("\nFirst 20 Jacobsthal oblong numbers:") for i := uint(0); i < 20; i++ { t := big.NewInt(0) fmt.Printf("%11d ", t.Mul(jac[i], jac[i+1])) if (i+1)%5 == 0 { fmt.Println() } } fmt.Println("\nFirst 20 Jacobsthal primes:") for n, count := uint(0), 0; count < 20; n++ { j := jacobsthal(n) if j.ProbablyPrime(10) { fmt.Println(j) count++ } } }
#include <stdio.h> #include <gmp.h> void jacobsthal(mpz_t r, unsigned long n) { mpz_t s; mpz_init(s); mpz_set_ui(r, 1); mpz_mul_2exp(r, r, n); mpz_set_ui(s, 1); if (n % 2) mpz_neg(s, s); mpz_sub(r, r, s); mpz_div_ui(r, r, 3); } void jacobsthal_lucas(mpz_t r, unsigned long n) { mpz_t a; mpz_init(a); mpz_set_ui(r, 1); mpz_mul_2exp(r, r, n); mpz_set_ui(a, 1); if (n % 2) mpz_neg(a, a); mpz_add(r, r, a); } int main() { int i, count; mpz_t jac[30], j; printf("First 30 Jacobsthal numbers:\n"); for (i = 0; i < 30; ++i) { mpz_init(jac[i]); jacobsthal(jac[i], i); gmp_printf("%9Zd ", jac[i]); if (!((i+1)%5)) printf("\n"); } printf("\nFirst 30 Jacobsthal-Lucas numbers:\n"); mpz_init(j); for (i = 0; i < 30; ++i) { jacobsthal_lucas(j, i); gmp_printf("%9Zd ", j); if (!((i+1)%5)) printf("\n"); } printf("\nFirst 20 Jacobsthal oblong numbers:\n"); for (i = 0; i < 20; ++i) { mpz_mul(j, jac[i], jac[i+1]); gmp_printf("%11Zd ", j); if (!((i+1)%5)) printf("\n"); } printf("\nFirst 20 Jacobsthal primes:\n"); for (i = 0, count = 0; count < 20; ++i) { jacobsthal(j, i); if (mpz_probab_prime_p(j, 15) > 0) { gmp_printf("%Zd\n", j); ++count; } } return 0; }
Keep all operations the same but rewrite the snippet in C.
package main import ( "fmt" "sync" ) var a = []int{170, 45, 75, 90, 802, 24, 2, 66} var aMax = 1000 const bead = 'o' func main() { fmt.Println("before:", a) beadSort() fmt.Println("after: ", a) } func beadSort() { all := make([]byte, aMax*len(a)) abacus := make([][]byte, aMax) for pole, space := 0, all; pole < aMax; pole++ { abacus[pole] = space[:len(a)] space = space[len(a):] } var wg sync.WaitGroup wg.Add(len(a)) for row, n := range a { go func(row, n int) { for pole := 0; pole < n; pole++ { abacus[pole][row] = bead } wg.Done() }(row, n) } wg.Wait() wg.Add(aMax) for _, pole := range abacus { go func(pole []byte) { top := 0 for row, space := range pole { if space == bead { pole[row] = 0 pole[top] = bead top++ } } wg.Done() }(pole) } wg.Wait() for row := range a { x := 0 for pole := 0; pole < aMax && abacus[pole][row] == bead; pole++ { x++ } a[len(a)-1-row] = x } }
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> void bead_sort(int *a, int len) { int i, j, max, sum; unsigned char *beads; # define BEAD(i, j) beads[i * max + j] for (i = 1, max = a[0]; i < len; i++) if (a[i] > max) max = a[i]; beads = calloc(1, max * len); for (i = 0; i < len; i++) for (j = 0; j < a[i]; j++) BEAD(i, j) = 1; for (j = 0; j < max; j++) { for (sum = i = 0; i < len; i++) { sum += BEAD(i, j); BEAD(i, j) = 0; } for (i = len - sum; i < len; i++) BEAD(i, j) = 1; } for (i = 0; i < len; i++) { for (j = 0; j < max && BEAD(i, j); j++); a[i] = j; } free(beads); } int main() { int i, x[] = {5, 3, 1, 7, 4, 1, 1, 20}; int len = sizeof(x)/sizeof(x[0]); bead_sort(x, len); for (i = 0; i < len; i++) printf("%d\n", x[i]); return 0; }
Translate the given Go code snippet into C without altering its behavior.
package main import ( "fmt" "sync" ) var a = []int{170, 45, 75, 90, 802, 24, 2, 66} var aMax = 1000 const bead = 'o' func main() { fmt.Println("before:", a) beadSort() fmt.Println("after: ", a) } func beadSort() { all := make([]byte, aMax*len(a)) abacus := make([][]byte, aMax) for pole, space := 0, all; pole < aMax; pole++ { abacus[pole] = space[:len(a)] space = space[len(a):] } var wg sync.WaitGroup wg.Add(len(a)) for row, n := range a { go func(row, n int) { for pole := 0; pole < n; pole++ { abacus[pole][row] = bead } wg.Done() }(row, n) } wg.Wait() wg.Add(aMax) for _, pole := range abacus { go func(pole []byte) { top := 0 for row, space := range pole { if space == bead { pole[row] = 0 pole[top] = bead top++ } } wg.Done() }(pole) } wg.Wait() for row := range a { x := 0 for pole := 0; pole < aMax && abacus[pole][row] == bead; pole++ { x++ } a[len(a)-1-row] = x } }
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> void bead_sort(int *a, int len) { int i, j, max, sum; unsigned char *beads; # define BEAD(i, j) beads[i * max + j] for (i = 1, max = a[0]; i < len; i++) if (a[i] > max) max = a[i]; beads = calloc(1, max * len); for (i = 0; i < len; i++) for (j = 0; j < a[i]; j++) BEAD(i, j) = 1; for (j = 0; j < max; j++) { for (sum = i = 0; i < len; i++) { sum += BEAD(i, j); BEAD(i, j) = 0; } for (i = len - sum; i < len; i++) BEAD(i, j) = 1; } for (i = 0; i < len; i++) { for (j = 0; j < max && BEAD(i, j); j++); a[i] = j; } free(beads); } int main() { int i, x[] = {5, 3, 1, 7, 4, 1, 1, 20}; int len = sizeof(x)/sizeof(x[0]); bead_sort(x, len); for (i = 0; i < len; i++) printf("%d\n", x[i]); return 0; }
Rewrite the snippet below in C so it works the same as the original Go code.
package main import "fmt" var n = make([][]string, 15) func initN() { for i := 0; i < 15; i++ { n[i] = make([]string, 11) for j := 0; j < 11; j++ { n[i][j] = " " } n[i][5] = "x" } } func horiz(c1, c2, r int) { for c := c1; c <= c2; c++ { n[r][c] = "x" } } func verti(r1, r2, c int) { for r := r1; r <= r2; r++ { n[r][c] = "x" } } func diagd(c1, c2, r int) { for c := c1; c <= c2; c++ { n[r+c-c1][c] = "x" } } func diagu(c1, c2, r int) { for c := c1; c <= c2; c++ { n[r-c+c1][c] = "x" } } var draw map[int]func() func initDraw() { draw = map[int]func(){ 1: func() { horiz(6, 10, 0) }, 2: func() { horiz(6, 10, 4) }, 3: func() { diagd(6, 10, 0) }, 4: func() { diagu(6, 10, 4) }, 5: func() { draw[1](); draw[4]() }, 6: func() { verti(0, 4, 10) }, 7: func() { draw[1](); draw[6]() }, 8: func() { draw[2](); draw[6]() }, 9: func() { draw[1](); draw[8]() }, 10: func() { horiz(0, 4, 0) }, 20: func() { horiz(0, 4, 4) }, 30: func() { diagu(0, 4, 4) }, 40: func() { diagd(0, 4, 0) }, 50: func() { draw[10](); draw[40]() }, 60: func() { verti(0, 4, 0) }, 70: func() { draw[10](); draw[60]() }, 80: func() { draw[20](); draw[60]() }, 90: func() { draw[10](); draw[80]() }, 100: func() { horiz(6, 10, 14) }, 200: func() { horiz(6, 10, 10) }, 300: func() { diagu(6, 10, 14) }, 400: func() { diagd(6, 10, 10) }, 500: func() { draw[100](); draw[400]() }, 600: func() { verti(10, 14, 10) }, 700: func() { draw[100](); draw[600]() }, 800: func() { draw[200](); draw[600]() }, 900: func() { draw[100](); draw[800]() }, 1000: func() { horiz(0, 4, 14) }, 2000: func() { horiz(0, 4, 10) }, 3000: func() { diagd(0, 4, 10) }, 4000: func() { diagu(0, 4, 14) }, 5000: func() { draw[1000](); draw[4000]() }, 6000: func() { verti(10, 14, 0) }, 7000: func() { draw[1000](); draw[6000]() }, 8000: func() { draw[2000](); draw[6000]() }, 9000: func() { draw[1000](); draw[8000]() }, } } func printNumeral() { for i := 0; i < 15; i++ { for j := 0; j < 11; j++ { fmt.Printf("%s ", n[i][j]) } fmt.Println() } fmt.Println() } func main() { initDraw() numbers := []int{0, 1, 20, 300, 4000, 5555, 6789, 9999} for _, number := range numbers { initN() fmt.Printf("%d:\n", number) thousands := number / 1000 number %= 1000 hundreds := number / 100 number %= 100 tens := number / 10 ones := number % 10 if thousands > 0 { draw[thousands*1000]() } if hundreds > 0 { draw[hundreds*100]() } if tens > 0 { draw[tens*10]() } if ones > 0 { draw[ones]() } printNumeral() } }
#include <stdio.h> #define GRID_SIZE 15 char canvas[GRID_SIZE][GRID_SIZE]; void initN() { int i, j; for (i = 0; i < GRID_SIZE; i++) { for (j = 0; j < GRID_SIZE; j++) { canvas[i][j] = ' '; } canvas[i][5] = 'x'; } } void horizontal(size_t c1, size_t c2, size_t r) { size_t c; for (c = c1; c <= c2; c++) { canvas[r][c] = 'x'; } } void vertical(size_t r1, size_t r2, size_t c) { size_t r; for (r = r1; r <= r2; r++) { canvas[r][c] = 'x'; } } void diagd(size_t c1, size_t c2, size_t r) { size_t c; for (c = c1; c <= c2; c++) { canvas[r + c - c1][c] = 'x'; } } void diagu(size_t c1, size_t c2, size_t r) { size_t c; for (c = c1; c <= c2; c++) { canvas[r - c + c1][c] = 'x'; } } void drawOnes(int v) { switch (v) { case 1: horizontal(6, 10, 0); break; case 2: horizontal(6, 10, 4); break; case 3: diagd(6, 10, 0); break; case 4: diagu(6, 10, 4); break; case 5: drawOnes(1); drawOnes(4); break; case 6: vertical(0, 4, 10); break; case 7: drawOnes(1); drawOnes(6); break; case 8: drawOnes(2); drawOnes(6); break; case 9: drawOnes(1); drawOnes(8); break; default: break; } } void drawTens(int v) { switch (v) { case 1: horizontal(0, 4, 0); break; case 2: horizontal(0, 4, 4); break; case 3: diagu(0, 4, 4); break; case 4: diagd(0, 4, 0); break; case 5: drawTens(1); drawTens(4); break; case 6: vertical(0, 4, 0); break; case 7: drawTens(1); drawTens(6); break; case 8: drawTens(2); drawTens(6); break; case 9: drawTens(1); drawTens(8); break; default: break; } } void drawHundreds(int hundreds) { switch (hundreds) { case 1: horizontal(6, 10, 14); break; case 2: horizontal(6, 10, 10); break; case 3: diagu(6, 10, 14); break; case 4: diagd(6, 10, 10); break; case 5: drawHundreds(1); drawHundreds(4); break; case 6: vertical(10, 14, 10); break; case 7: drawHundreds(1); drawHundreds(6); break; case 8: drawHundreds(2); drawHundreds(6); break; case 9: drawHundreds(1); drawHundreds(8); break; default: break; } } void drawThousands(int thousands) { switch (thousands) { case 1: horizontal(0, 4, 14); break; case 2: horizontal(0, 4, 10); break; case 3: diagd(0, 4, 10); break; case 4: diagu(0, 4, 14); break; case 5: drawThousands(1); drawThousands(4); break; case 6: vertical(10, 14, 0); break; case 7: drawThousands(1); drawThousands(6); break; case 8: drawThousands(2); drawThousands(6); break; case 9: drawThousands(1); drawThousands(8); break; default: break; } } void draw(int v) { int thousands = v / 1000; v %= 1000; int hundreds = v / 100; v %= 100; int tens = v / 10; int ones = v % 10; if (thousands > 0) { drawThousands(thousands); } if (hundreds > 0) { drawHundreds(hundreds); } if (tens > 0) { drawTens(tens); } if (ones > 0) { drawOnes(ones); } } void write(FILE *out) { int i; for (i = 0; i < GRID_SIZE; i++) { fprintf(out, "%-.*s", GRID_SIZE, canvas[i]); putc('\n', out); } } void test(int n) { printf("%d:\n", n); initN(); draw(n); write(stdout); printf("\n\n"); } int main() { test(0); test(1); test(20); test(300); test(4000); test(5555); test(6789); test(9999); return 0; }
Generate a C translation of this Go snippet without changing its computational steps.
package main import "fmt" var n = make([][]string, 15) func initN() { for i := 0; i < 15; i++ { n[i] = make([]string, 11) for j := 0; j < 11; j++ { n[i][j] = " " } n[i][5] = "x" } } func horiz(c1, c2, r int) { for c := c1; c <= c2; c++ { n[r][c] = "x" } } func verti(r1, r2, c int) { for r := r1; r <= r2; r++ { n[r][c] = "x" } } func diagd(c1, c2, r int) { for c := c1; c <= c2; c++ { n[r+c-c1][c] = "x" } } func diagu(c1, c2, r int) { for c := c1; c <= c2; c++ { n[r-c+c1][c] = "x" } } var draw map[int]func() func initDraw() { draw = map[int]func(){ 1: func() { horiz(6, 10, 0) }, 2: func() { horiz(6, 10, 4) }, 3: func() { diagd(6, 10, 0) }, 4: func() { diagu(6, 10, 4) }, 5: func() { draw[1](); draw[4]() }, 6: func() { verti(0, 4, 10) }, 7: func() { draw[1](); draw[6]() }, 8: func() { draw[2](); draw[6]() }, 9: func() { draw[1](); draw[8]() }, 10: func() { horiz(0, 4, 0) }, 20: func() { horiz(0, 4, 4) }, 30: func() { diagu(0, 4, 4) }, 40: func() { diagd(0, 4, 0) }, 50: func() { draw[10](); draw[40]() }, 60: func() { verti(0, 4, 0) }, 70: func() { draw[10](); draw[60]() }, 80: func() { draw[20](); draw[60]() }, 90: func() { draw[10](); draw[80]() }, 100: func() { horiz(6, 10, 14) }, 200: func() { horiz(6, 10, 10) }, 300: func() { diagu(6, 10, 14) }, 400: func() { diagd(6, 10, 10) }, 500: func() { draw[100](); draw[400]() }, 600: func() { verti(10, 14, 10) }, 700: func() { draw[100](); draw[600]() }, 800: func() { draw[200](); draw[600]() }, 900: func() { draw[100](); draw[800]() }, 1000: func() { horiz(0, 4, 14) }, 2000: func() { horiz(0, 4, 10) }, 3000: func() { diagd(0, 4, 10) }, 4000: func() { diagu(0, 4, 14) }, 5000: func() { draw[1000](); draw[4000]() }, 6000: func() { verti(10, 14, 0) }, 7000: func() { draw[1000](); draw[6000]() }, 8000: func() { draw[2000](); draw[6000]() }, 9000: func() { draw[1000](); draw[8000]() }, } } func printNumeral() { for i := 0; i < 15; i++ { for j := 0; j < 11; j++ { fmt.Printf("%s ", n[i][j]) } fmt.Println() } fmt.Println() } func main() { initDraw() numbers := []int{0, 1, 20, 300, 4000, 5555, 6789, 9999} for _, number := range numbers { initN() fmt.Printf("%d:\n", number) thousands := number / 1000 number %= 1000 hundreds := number / 100 number %= 100 tens := number / 10 ones := number % 10 if thousands > 0 { draw[thousands*1000]() } if hundreds > 0 { draw[hundreds*100]() } if tens > 0 { draw[tens*10]() } if ones > 0 { draw[ones]() } printNumeral() } }
#include <stdio.h> #define GRID_SIZE 15 char canvas[GRID_SIZE][GRID_SIZE]; void initN() { int i, j; for (i = 0; i < GRID_SIZE; i++) { for (j = 0; j < GRID_SIZE; j++) { canvas[i][j] = ' '; } canvas[i][5] = 'x'; } } void horizontal(size_t c1, size_t c2, size_t r) { size_t c; for (c = c1; c <= c2; c++) { canvas[r][c] = 'x'; } } void vertical(size_t r1, size_t r2, size_t c) { size_t r; for (r = r1; r <= r2; r++) { canvas[r][c] = 'x'; } } void diagd(size_t c1, size_t c2, size_t r) { size_t c; for (c = c1; c <= c2; c++) { canvas[r + c - c1][c] = 'x'; } } void diagu(size_t c1, size_t c2, size_t r) { size_t c; for (c = c1; c <= c2; c++) { canvas[r - c + c1][c] = 'x'; } } void drawOnes(int v) { switch (v) { case 1: horizontal(6, 10, 0); break; case 2: horizontal(6, 10, 4); break; case 3: diagd(6, 10, 0); break; case 4: diagu(6, 10, 4); break; case 5: drawOnes(1); drawOnes(4); break; case 6: vertical(0, 4, 10); break; case 7: drawOnes(1); drawOnes(6); break; case 8: drawOnes(2); drawOnes(6); break; case 9: drawOnes(1); drawOnes(8); break; default: break; } } void drawTens(int v) { switch (v) { case 1: horizontal(0, 4, 0); break; case 2: horizontal(0, 4, 4); break; case 3: diagu(0, 4, 4); break; case 4: diagd(0, 4, 0); break; case 5: drawTens(1); drawTens(4); break; case 6: vertical(0, 4, 0); break; case 7: drawTens(1); drawTens(6); break; case 8: drawTens(2); drawTens(6); break; case 9: drawTens(1); drawTens(8); break; default: break; } } void drawHundreds(int hundreds) { switch (hundreds) { case 1: horizontal(6, 10, 14); break; case 2: horizontal(6, 10, 10); break; case 3: diagu(6, 10, 14); break; case 4: diagd(6, 10, 10); break; case 5: drawHundreds(1); drawHundreds(4); break; case 6: vertical(10, 14, 10); break; case 7: drawHundreds(1); drawHundreds(6); break; case 8: drawHundreds(2); drawHundreds(6); break; case 9: drawHundreds(1); drawHundreds(8); break; default: break; } } void drawThousands(int thousands) { switch (thousands) { case 1: horizontal(0, 4, 14); break; case 2: horizontal(0, 4, 10); break; case 3: diagd(0, 4, 10); break; case 4: diagu(0, 4, 14); break; case 5: drawThousands(1); drawThousands(4); break; case 6: vertical(10, 14, 0); break; case 7: drawThousands(1); drawThousands(6); break; case 8: drawThousands(2); drawThousands(6); break; case 9: drawThousands(1); drawThousands(8); break; default: break; } } void draw(int v) { int thousands = v / 1000; v %= 1000; int hundreds = v / 100; v %= 100; int tens = v / 10; int ones = v % 10; if (thousands > 0) { drawThousands(thousands); } if (hundreds > 0) { drawHundreds(hundreds); } if (tens > 0) { drawTens(tens); } if (ones > 0) { drawOnes(ones); } } void write(FILE *out) { int i; for (i = 0; i < GRID_SIZE; i++) { fprintf(out, "%-.*s", GRID_SIZE, canvas[i]); putc('\n', out); } } void test(int n) { printf("%d:\n", n); initN(); draw(n); write(stdout); printf("\n\n"); } int main() { test(0); test(1); test(20); test(300); test(4000); test(5555); test(6789); test(9999); return 0; }
Please provide an equivalent version of this Go code in C.
package main import ( "fmt" "math/big" ) func main() { x := big.NewInt(2) x = x.Exp(big.NewInt(3), x, nil) x = x.Exp(big.NewInt(4), x, nil) x = x.Exp(big.NewInt(5), x, nil) str := x.String() fmt.Printf("5^(4^(3^2)) has %d digits: %s ... %s\n", len(str), str[:20], str[len(str)-20:], ) }
#include <gmp.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> int main() { mpz_t a; mpz_init_set_ui(a, 5); mpz_pow_ui(a, a, 1 << 18); int len = mpz_sizeinbase(a, 10); printf("GMP says size is: %d\n", len); char *s = mpz_get_str(0, 10, a); printf("size really is %d\n", len = strlen(s)); printf("Digits: %.20s...%s\n", s, s + len - 20); return 0; }
Can you help me rewrite this code in C instead of Go, keeping it the same logically?
package main import ( "fmt" "image" "image/color" "image/png" "math" "os" ) type vector [3]float64 func normalize(v *vector) { invLen := 1 / math.Sqrt(dot(v, v)) v[0] *= invLen v[1] *= invLen v[2] *= invLen } func dot(x, y *vector) float64 { return x[0]*y[0] + x[1]*y[1] + x[2]*y[2] } func drawSphere(r int, k, amb float64, dir *vector) *image.Gray { w, h := r*4, r*3 img := image.NewGray(image.Rect(-w/2, -h/2, w/2, h/2)) vec := new(vector) for x := -r; x < r; x++ { for y := -r; y < r; y++ { if z := r*r - x*x - y*y; z >= 0 { vec[0] = float64(x) vec[1] = float64(y) vec[2] = math.Sqrt(float64(z)) normalize(vec) s := dot(dir, vec) if s < 0 { s = 0 } lum := 255 * (math.Pow(s, k) + amb) / (1 + amb) if lum < 0 { lum = 0 } else if lum > 255 { lum = 255 } img.SetGray(x, y, color.Gray{uint8(lum)}) } } } return img } func main() { dir := &vector{-30, -30, 50} normalize(dir) img := drawSphere(200, 1.5, .2, dir) f, err := os.Create("sphere.png") if err != nil { fmt.Println(err) return } if err = png.Encode(f, img); err != nil { fmt.Println(err) } if err = f.Close(); err != nil { fmt.Println(err) } }
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <ctype.h> #include <math.h> const char *shades = ".:!*oe&#%@"; double light[3] = { 30, 30, -50 }; void normalize(double * v) { double len = sqrt(v[0]*v[0] + v[1]*v[1] + v[2]*v[2]); v[0] /= len; v[1] /= len; v[2] /= len; } double dot(double *x, double *y) { double d = x[0]*y[0] + x[1]*y[1] + x[2]*y[2]; return d < 0 ? -d : 0; } void draw_sphere(double R, double k, double ambient) { int i, j, intensity; double b; double vec[3], x, y; for (i = floor(-R); i <= ceil(R); i++) { x = i + .5; for (j = floor(-2 * R); j <= ceil(2 * R); j++) { y = j / 2. + .5; if (x * x + y * y <= R * R) { vec[0] = x; vec[1] = y; vec[2] = sqrt(R * R - x * x - y * y); normalize(vec); b = pow(dot(light, vec), k) + ambient; intensity = (1 - b) * (sizeof(shades) - 1); if (intensity < 0) intensity = 0; if (intensity >= sizeof(shades) - 1) intensity = sizeof(shades) - 2; putchar(shades[intensity]); } else putchar(' '); } putchar('\n'); } } int main() { normalize(light); draw_sphere(20, 4, .1); draw_sphere(10, 2, .4); return 0; }
Convert this Go snippet to C and keep its semantics consistent.
package main import ( "fmt" "image" "image/color" "image/png" "math" "os" ) type vector [3]float64 func normalize(v *vector) { invLen := 1 / math.Sqrt(dot(v, v)) v[0] *= invLen v[1] *= invLen v[2] *= invLen } func dot(x, y *vector) float64 { return x[0]*y[0] + x[1]*y[1] + x[2]*y[2] } func drawSphere(r int, k, amb float64, dir *vector) *image.Gray { w, h := r*4, r*3 img := image.NewGray(image.Rect(-w/2, -h/2, w/2, h/2)) vec := new(vector) for x := -r; x < r; x++ { for y := -r; y < r; y++ { if z := r*r - x*x - y*y; z >= 0 { vec[0] = float64(x) vec[1] = float64(y) vec[2] = math.Sqrt(float64(z)) normalize(vec) s := dot(dir, vec) if s < 0 { s = 0 } lum := 255 * (math.Pow(s, k) + amb) / (1 + amb) if lum < 0 { lum = 0 } else if lum > 255 { lum = 255 } img.SetGray(x, y, color.Gray{uint8(lum)}) } } } return img } func main() { dir := &vector{-30, -30, 50} normalize(dir) img := drawSphere(200, 1.5, .2, dir) f, err := os.Create("sphere.png") if err != nil { fmt.Println(err) return } if err = png.Encode(f, img); err != nil { fmt.Println(err) } if err = f.Close(); err != nil { fmt.Println(err) } }
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <ctype.h> #include <math.h> const char *shades = ".:!*oe&#%@"; double light[3] = { 30, 30, -50 }; void normalize(double * v) { double len = sqrt(v[0]*v[0] + v[1]*v[1] + v[2]*v[2]); v[0] /= len; v[1] /= len; v[2] /= len; } double dot(double *x, double *y) { double d = x[0]*y[0] + x[1]*y[1] + x[2]*y[2]; return d < 0 ? -d : 0; } void draw_sphere(double R, double k, double ambient) { int i, j, intensity; double b; double vec[3], x, y; for (i = floor(-R); i <= ceil(R); i++) { x = i + .5; for (j = floor(-2 * R); j <= ceil(2 * R); j++) { y = j / 2. + .5; if (x * x + y * y <= R * R) { vec[0] = x; vec[1] = y; vec[2] = sqrt(R * R - x * x - y * y); normalize(vec); b = pow(dot(light, vec), k) + ambient; intensity = (1 - b) * (sizeof(shades) - 1); if (intensity < 0) intensity = 0; if (intensity >= sizeof(shades) - 1) intensity = sizeof(shades) - 2; putchar(shades[intensity]); } else putchar(' '); } putchar('\n'); } } int main() { normalize(light); draw_sphere(20, 4, .1); draw_sphere(10, 2, .4); return 0; }
Convert the following code from Go to C, ensuring the logic remains intact.
package main import ( "bufio" "bytes" "errors" "fmt" "io" "os" ) var index map[string][]int var indexed []doc type doc struct { file string title string } func main() { index = make(map[string][]int) if err := indexDir("docs"); err != nil { fmt.Println(err) return } ui() } func indexDir(dir string) error { df, err := os.Open(dir) if err != nil { return err } fis, err := df.Readdir(-1) if err != nil { return err } if len(fis) == 0 { return errors.New(fmt.Sprintf("no files in %s", dir)) } indexed := 0 for _, fi := range fis { if !fi.IsDir() { if indexFile(dir + "/" + fi.Name()) { indexed++ } } } return nil } func indexFile(fn string) bool { f, err := os.Open(fn) if err != nil { fmt.Println(err) return false } x := len(indexed) indexed = append(indexed, doc{fn, fn}) pdoc := &indexed[x] r := bufio.NewReader(f) lines := 0 for { b, isPrefix, err := r.ReadLine() switch { case err == io.EOF: return true case err != nil: fmt.Println(err) return true case isPrefix: fmt.Printf("%s: unexpected long line\n", fn) return true case lines < 20 && bytes.HasPrefix(b, []byte("Title:")): pdoc.title = string(b[7:]) } wordLoop: for _, bword := range bytes.Fields(b) { bword := bytes.Trim(bword, ".,-~?!\"'`;:()<>[]{}\\|/=_+*&^%$#@") if len(bword) > 0 { word := string(bword) dl := index[word] for _, d := range dl { if d == x { continue wordLoop } } index[word] = append(dl, x) } } } return true } func ui() { fmt.Println(len(index), "words indexed in", len(indexed), "files") fmt.Println("enter single words to search for") fmt.Println("enter a blank line when done") var word string for { fmt.Print("search word: ") wc, _ := fmt.Scanln(&word) if wc == 0 { return } switch dl := index[word]; len(dl) { case 0: fmt.Println("no match") case 1: fmt.Println("one match:") fmt.Println(" ", indexed[dl[0]].file, indexed[dl[0]].title) default: fmt.Println(len(dl), "matches:") for _, d := range dl { fmt.Println(" ", indexed[d].file, indexed[d].title) } } } }
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> char chr_legal[] = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_-./"; int chr_idx[256] = {0}; char idx_chr[256] = {0}; #define FNAME 0 typedef struct trie_t *trie, trie_t; struct trie_t { trie next[sizeof(chr_legal)]; int eow; }; trie trie_new() { return calloc(sizeof(trie_t), 1); } #define find_word(r, w) trie_trav(r, w, 1) trie trie_trav(trie root, const char * str, int no_create) { int c; while (root) { if ((c = str[0]) == '\0') { if (!root->eow && no_create) return 0; break; } if (! (c = chr_idx[c]) ) { str++; continue; } if (!root->next[c]) { if (no_create) return 0; root->next[c] = trie_new(); } root = root->next[c]; str++; } return root; } int trie_all(trie root, char path[], int depth, int (*callback)(char *)) { int i; if (root->eow && !callback(path)) return 0; for (i = 1; i < sizeof(chr_legal); i++) { if (!root->next[i]) continue; path[depth] = idx_chr[i]; path[depth + 1] = '\0'; if (!trie_all(root->next[i], path, depth + 1, callback)) return 0; } return 1; } void add_index(trie root, const char *word, const char *fname) { trie x = trie_trav(root, word, 0); x->eow = 1; if (!x->next[FNAME]) x->next[FNAME] = trie_new(); x = trie_trav(x->next[FNAME], fname, 0); x->eow = 1; } int print_path(char *path) { printf(" %s", path); return 1; } const char *files[] = { "f1.txt", "source/f2.txt", "other_file" }; const char *text[][5] ={{ "it", "is", "what", "it", "is" }, { "what", "is", "it", 0 }, { "it", "is", "a", "banana", 0 }}; trie init_tables() { int i, j; trie root = trie_new(); for (i = 0; i < sizeof(chr_legal); i++) { chr_idx[(int)chr_legal[i]] = i + 1; idx_chr[i + 1] = chr_legal[i]; } #define USE_ADVANCED_FILE_HANDLING 0 #if USE_ADVANCED_FILE_HANDLING void read_file(const char * fname) { char cmd[1024]; char word[1024]; sprintf(cmd, "perl -p -e 'while(/(\\w+)/g) {print lc($1),\"\\n\"}' %s", fname); FILE *in = popen(cmd, "r"); while (!feof(in)) { fscanf(in, "%1000s", word); add_index(root, word, fname); } pclose(in); }; read_file("f1.txt"); read_file("source/f2.txt"); read_file("other_file"); #else for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) { for (j = 0; j < 5; j++) { if (!text[i][j]) break; add_index(root, text[i][j], files[i]); } } #endif return root; } void search_index(trie root, const char *word) { char path[1024]; printf("Search for \"%s\": ", word); trie found = find_word(root, word); if (!found) printf("not found\n"); else { trie_all(found->next[FNAME], path, 0, print_path); printf("\n"); } } int main() { trie root = init_tables(); search_index(root, "what"); search_index(root, "is"); search_index(root, "banana"); search_index(root, "boo"); return 0; }
Ensure the translated C code behaves exactly like the original Go snippet.
package main import ( "bufio" "bytes" "errors" "fmt" "io" "os" ) var index map[string][]int var indexed []doc type doc struct { file string title string } func main() { index = make(map[string][]int) if err := indexDir("docs"); err != nil { fmt.Println(err) return } ui() } func indexDir(dir string) error { df, err := os.Open(dir) if err != nil { return err } fis, err := df.Readdir(-1) if err != nil { return err } if len(fis) == 0 { return errors.New(fmt.Sprintf("no files in %s", dir)) } indexed := 0 for _, fi := range fis { if !fi.IsDir() { if indexFile(dir + "/" + fi.Name()) { indexed++ } } } return nil } func indexFile(fn string) bool { f, err := os.Open(fn) if err != nil { fmt.Println(err) return false } x := len(indexed) indexed = append(indexed, doc{fn, fn}) pdoc := &indexed[x] r := bufio.NewReader(f) lines := 0 for { b, isPrefix, err := r.ReadLine() switch { case err == io.EOF: return true case err != nil: fmt.Println(err) return true case isPrefix: fmt.Printf("%s: unexpected long line\n", fn) return true case lines < 20 && bytes.HasPrefix(b, []byte("Title:")): pdoc.title = string(b[7:]) } wordLoop: for _, bword := range bytes.Fields(b) { bword := bytes.Trim(bword, ".,-~?!\"'`;:()<>[]{}\\|/=_+*&^%$#@") if len(bword) > 0 { word := string(bword) dl := index[word] for _, d := range dl { if d == x { continue wordLoop } } index[word] = append(dl, x) } } } return true } func ui() { fmt.Println(len(index), "words indexed in", len(indexed), "files") fmt.Println("enter single words to search for") fmt.Println("enter a blank line when done") var word string for { fmt.Print("search word: ") wc, _ := fmt.Scanln(&word) if wc == 0 { return } switch dl := index[word]; len(dl) { case 0: fmt.Println("no match") case 1: fmt.Println("one match:") fmt.Println(" ", indexed[dl[0]].file, indexed[dl[0]].title) default: fmt.Println(len(dl), "matches:") for _, d := range dl { fmt.Println(" ", indexed[d].file, indexed[d].title) } } } }
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> char chr_legal[] = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_-./"; int chr_idx[256] = {0}; char idx_chr[256] = {0}; #define FNAME 0 typedef struct trie_t *trie, trie_t; struct trie_t { trie next[sizeof(chr_legal)]; int eow; }; trie trie_new() { return calloc(sizeof(trie_t), 1); } #define find_word(r, w) trie_trav(r, w, 1) trie trie_trav(trie root, const char * str, int no_create) { int c; while (root) { if ((c = str[0]) == '\0') { if (!root->eow && no_create) return 0; break; } if (! (c = chr_idx[c]) ) { str++; continue; } if (!root->next[c]) { if (no_create) return 0; root->next[c] = trie_new(); } root = root->next[c]; str++; } return root; } int trie_all(trie root, char path[], int depth, int (*callback)(char *)) { int i; if (root->eow && !callback(path)) return 0; for (i = 1; i < sizeof(chr_legal); i++) { if (!root->next[i]) continue; path[depth] = idx_chr[i]; path[depth + 1] = '\0'; if (!trie_all(root->next[i], path, depth + 1, callback)) return 0; } return 1; } void add_index(trie root, const char *word, const char *fname) { trie x = trie_trav(root, word, 0); x->eow = 1; if (!x->next[FNAME]) x->next[FNAME] = trie_new(); x = trie_trav(x->next[FNAME], fname, 0); x->eow = 1; } int print_path(char *path) { printf(" %s", path); return 1; } const char *files[] = { "f1.txt", "source/f2.txt", "other_file" }; const char *text[][5] ={{ "it", "is", "what", "it", "is" }, { "what", "is", "it", 0 }, { "it", "is", "a", "banana", 0 }}; trie init_tables() { int i, j; trie root = trie_new(); for (i = 0; i < sizeof(chr_legal); i++) { chr_idx[(int)chr_legal[i]] = i + 1; idx_chr[i + 1] = chr_legal[i]; } #define USE_ADVANCED_FILE_HANDLING 0 #if USE_ADVANCED_FILE_HANDLING void read_file(const char * fname) { char cmd[1024]; char word[1024]; sprintf(cmd, "perl -p -e 'while(/(\\w+)/g) {print lc($1),\"\\n\"}' %s", fname); FILE *in = popen(cmd, "r"); while (!feof(in)) { fscanf(in, "%1000s", word); add_index(root, word, fname); } pclose(in); }; read_file("f1.txt"); read_file("source/f2.txt"); read_file("other_file"); #else for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) { for (j = 0; j < 5; j++) { if (!text[i][j]) break; add_index(root, text[i][j], files[i]); } } #endif return root; } void search_index(trie root, const char *word) { char path[1024]; printf("Search for \"%s\": ", word); trie found = find_word(root, word); if (!found) printf("not found\n"); else { trie_all(found->next[FNAME], path, 0, print_path); printf("\n"); } } int main() { trie root = init_tables(); search_index(root, "what"); search_index(root, "is"); search_index(root, "banana"); search_index(root, "boo"); return 0; }
Generate an equivalent C version of this Go code.
package main import ( "fmt" "math/big" ) var m, n, z big.Int func init() { m.SetString("2562047788015215500854906332309589561", 10) n.SetString("6795454494268282920431565661684282819", 10) } func main() { fmt.Println(z.Mul(z.Div(&m, z.GCD(nil, nil, &m, &n)), &n)) }
#include <stdio.h> int gcd(int m, int n) { int tmp; while(m) { tmp = m; m = n % m; n = tmp; } return n; } int lcm(int m, int n) { return m / gcd(m, n) * n; } int main() { printf("lcm(35, 21) = %d\n", lcm(21,35)); return 0; }
Preserve the algorithm and functionality while converting the code from Go to C.
package main import ( "fmt" "math/big" ) var m, n, z big.Int func init() { m.SetString("2562047788015215500854906332309589561", 10) n.SetString("6795454494268282920431565661684282819", 10) } func main() { fmt.Println(z.Mul(z.Div(&m, z.GCD(nil, nil, &m, &n)), &n)) }
#include <stdio.h> int gcd(int m, int n) { int tmp; while(m) { tmp = m; m = n % m; n = tmp; } return n; } int lcm(int m, int n) { return m / gcd(m, n) * n; } int main() { printf("lcm(35, 21) = %d\n", lcm(21,35)); return 0; }
Write the same code in C as shown below in Go.
package main import "fmt" import "math/rand" import "time" func main() { rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano()) for { a := rand.Intn(20) fmt.Println(a) if a == 10 { break } b := rand.Intn(20) fmt.Println(b) } }
int main(){ time_t t; int a, b; srand((unsigned)time(&t)); for(;;){ a = rand() % 20; printf("%d\n", a); if(a == 10) break; b = rand() % 20; printf("%d\n", b); } return 0; }
Convert the following code from Go to C, ensuring the logic remains intact.
package main import ( "fmt" "os" ) func main() { lp0, err := os.Create("/dev/lp0") if err != nil { panic(err) } defer lp0.Close() fmt.Fprintln(lp0, "Hello World!") }
#include <stdio.h> int main() { FILE *lp; lp = fopen("/dev/lp0","w"); fprintf(lp,"Hello world!\n"); fclose(lp); return 0; }
Write the same code in C as shown below in Go.
package main import ( "fmt" "os" ) func main() { lp0, err := os.Create("/dev/lp0") if err != nil { panic(err) } defer lp0.Close() fmt.Fprintln(lp0, "Hello World!") }
#include <stdio.h> int main() { FILE *lp; lp = fopen("/dev/lp0","w"); fprintf(lp,"Hello world!\n"); fclose(lp); return 0; }
Translate this program into C but keep the logic exactly as in Go.
package main import "fmt" func maxl(hm []int ) []int{ res := make([]int,len(hm)) max := 1 for i := 0; i < len(hm);i++{ if(hm[i] > max){ max = hm[i] } res[i] = max; } return res } func maxr(hm []int ) []int{ res := make([]int,len(hm)) max := 1 for i := len(hm) - 1 ; i >= 0;i--{ if(hm[i] > max){ max = hm[i] } res[i] = max; } return res } func min(a,b []int) []int { res := make([]int,len(a)) for i := 0; i < len(a);i++{ if a[i] >= b[i]{ res[i] = b[i] }else { res[i] = a[i] } } return res } func diff(hm, min []int) []int { res := make([]int,len(hm)) for i := 0; i < len(hm);i++{ if min[i] > hm[i]{ res[i] = min[i] - hm[i] } } return res } func sum(a []int) int { res := 0 for i := 0; i < len(a);i++{ res += a[i] } return res } func waterCollected(hm []int) int { maxr := maxr(hm) maxl := maxl(hm) min := min(maxr,maxl) diff := diff(hm,min) sum := sum(diff) return sum } func main() { fmt.Println(waterCollected([]int{1, 5, 3, 7, 2})) fmt.Println(waterCollected([]int{5, 3, 7, 2, 6, 4, 5, 9, 1, 2})) fmt.Println(waterCollected([]int{2, 6, 3, 5, 2, 8, 1, 4, 2, 2, 5, 3, 5, 7, 4, 1})) fmt.Println(waterCollected([]int{5, 5, 5, 5})) fmt.Println(waterCollected([]int{5, 6, 7, 8})) fmt.Println(waterCollected([]int{8, 7, 7, 6})) fmt.Println(waterCollected([]int{6, 7, 10, 7, 6})) }
#include<stdlib.h> #include<stdio.h> int getWater(int* arr,int start,int end,int cutoff){ int i, sum = 0; for(i=start;i<=end;i++) sum += ((arr[cutoff] > arr[i])?(arr[cutoff] - arr[i]):0); return sum; } int netWater(int* arr,int size){ int i, j, ref1, ref2, marker, markerSet = 0,sum = 0; if(size<3) return 0; for(i=0;i<size-1;i++){ start:if(i!=size-2 && arr[i]>arr[i+1]){ ref1 = i; for(j=ref1+1;j<size;j++){ if(arr[j]>=arr[ref1]){ ref2 = j; sum += getWater(arr,ref1+1,ref2-1,ref1); i = ref2; goto start; } else if(j!=size-1 && arr[j] < arr[j+1] && (markerSet==0||(arr[j+1]>=arr[marker]))){ marker = j+1; markerSet = 1; } } if(markerSet==1){ sum += getWater(arr,ref1+1,marker-1,marker); i = marker; markerSet = 0; goto start; } } } return sum; } int main(int argC,char* argV[]) { int *arr,i; if(argC==1) printf("Usage : %s <followed by space separated series of integers>"); else{ arr = (int*)malloc((argC-1)*sizeof(int)); for(i=1;i<argC;i++) arr[i-1] = atoi(argV[i]); printf("Water collected : %d",netWater(arr,argC-1)); } return 0; }
Can you help me rewrite this code in C instead of Go, keeping it the same logically?
package main import ( "fmt" "rcu" "sort" "strconv" ) func combinations(a []int, k int) [][]int { n := len(a) c := make([]int, k) var combs [][]int var combine func(start, end, index int) combine = func(start, end, index int) { if index == k { t := make([]int, len(c)) copy(t, c) combs = append(combs, t) return } for i := start; i <= end && end-i+1 >= k-index; i++ { c[index] = a[i] combine(i+1, end, index+1) } } combine(0, n-1, 0) return combs } func powerset(a []int) (res [][]int) { if len(a) == 0 { return } for i := 1; i <= len(a); i++ { res = append(res, combinations(a, i)...) } return } func main() { ps := powerset([]int{9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1}) var descPrimes []int for i := 1; i < len(ps); i++ { s := "" for _, e := range ps[i] { s += string(e + '0') } p, _ := strconv.Atoi(s) if rcu.IsPrime(p) { descPrimes = append(descPrimes, p) } } sort.Ints(descPrimes) fmt.Println("There are", len(descPrimes), "descending primes, namely:") for i := 0; i < len(descPrimes); i++ { fmt.Printf("%8d ", descPrimes[i]) if (i+1)%10 == 0 { fmt.Println() } } fmt.Println() }
#include <stdio.h> int ispr(unsigned int n) { if ((n & 1) == 0 || n < 2) return n == 2; for (unsigned int j = 3; j * j <= n; j += 2) if (n % j == 0) return 0; return 1; } int main() { unsigned int c = 0, nc, pc = 9, i, a, b, l, ps[128], nxt[128]; for (a = 0, b = 1; a < pc; a = b++) ps[a] = b; while (1) { nc = 0; for (i = 0; i < pc; i++) { if (ispr(a = ps[i])) printf("%8d%s", a, ++c % 5 == 0 ? "\n" : " "); for (b = a * 10, l = a % 10 + b++; b < l; b++) nxt[nc++] = b; } if (nc > 1) for(i = 0, pc = nc; i < pc; i++) ps[i] = nxt[i]; else break; } printf("\n%d descending primes found", c); }
Translate the given Go code snippet into C without altering its behavior.
package main import ( "fmt" "math" ) func sieve(limit uint64) []uint64 { primes := []uint64{2} c := make([]bool, limit+1) p := uint64(3) for { p2 := p * p if p2 > limit { break } for i := p2; i <= limit; i += 2 * p { c[i] = true } for { p += 2 if !c[p] { break } } } for i := uint64(3); i <= limit; i += 2 { if !c[i] { primes = append(primes, i) } } return primes } func squareFree(from, to uint64) (results []uint64) { limit := uint64(math.Sqrt(float64(to))) primes := sieve(limit) outer: for i := from; i <= to; i++ { for _, p := range primes { p2 := p * p if p2 > i { break } if i%p2 == 0 { continue outer } } results = append(results, i) } return } const trillion uint64 = 1000000000000 func main() { fmt.Println("Square-free integers from 1 to 145:") sf := squareFree(1, 145) for i := 0; i < len(sf); i++ { if i > 0 && i%20 == 0 { fmt.Println() } fmt.Printf("%4d", sf[i]) } fmt.Printf("\n\nSquare-free integers from %d to %d:\n", trillion, trillion+145) sf = squareFree(trillion, trillion+145) for i := 0; i < len(sf); i++ { if i > 0 && i%5 == 0 { fmt.Println() } fmt.Printf("%14d", sf[i]) } fmt.Println("\n\nNumber of square-free integers:\n") a := [...]uint64{100, 1000, 10000, 100000, 1000000} for _, n := range a { fmt.Printf(" from %d to %d = %d\n", 1, n, len(squareFree(1, n))) } }
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <math.h> #define TRUE 1 #define FALSE 0 #define TRILLION 1000000000000 typedef unsigned char bool; typedef unsigned long long uint64; void sieve(uint64 limit, uint64 *primes, uint64 *length) { uint64 i, count, p, p2; bool *c = calloc(limit + 1, sizeof(bool)); primes[0] = 2; count = 1; p = 3; for (;;) { p2 = p * p; if (p2 > limit) break; for (i = p2; i <= limit; i += 2 * p) c[i] = TRUE; for (;;) { p += 2; if (!c[p]) break; } } for (i = 3; i <= limit; i += 2) { if (!c[i]) primes[count++] = i; } *length = count; free(c); } void squareFree(uint64 from, uint64 to, uint64 *results, uint64 *len) { uint64 i, j, p, p2, np, count = 0, limit = (uint64)sqrt((double)to); uint64 *primes = malloc((limit + 1) * sizeof(uint64)); bool add; sieve(limit, primes, &np); for (i = from; i <= to; ++i) { add = TRUE; for (j = 0; j < np; ++j) { p = primes[j]; p2 = p * p; if (p2 > i) break; if (i % p2 == 0) { add = FALSE; break; } } if (add) results[count++] = i; } *len = count; free(primes); } int main() { uint64 i, *sf, len; sf = malloc(1000000 * sizeof(uint64)); printf("Square-free integers from 1 to 145:\n"); squareFree(1, 145, sf, &len); for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) { if (i > 0 && i % 20 == 0) { printf("\n"); } printf("%4lld", sf[i]); } printf("\n\nSquare-free integers from %ld to %ld:\n", TRILLION, TRILLION + 145); squareFree(TRILLION, TRILLION + 145, sf, &len); for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) { if (i > 0 && i % 5 == 0) { printf("\n"); } printf("%14lld", sf[i]); } printf("\n\nNumber of square-free integers:\n"); int a[5] = {100, 1000, 10000, 100000, 1000000}; for (i = 0; i < 5; ++i) { squareFree(1, a[i], sf, &len); printf(" from %d to %d = %lld\n", 1, a[i], len); } free(sf); return 0; }
Convert this Go block to C, preserving its control flow and logic.
package main import ( "fmt" "math" ) func sieve(limit uint64) []uint64 { primes := []uint64{2} c := make([]bool, limit+1) p := uint64(3) for { p2 := p * p if p2 > limit { break } for i := p2; i <= limit; i += 2 * p { c[i] = true } for { p += 2 if !c[p] { break } } } for i := uint64(3); i <= limit; i += 2 { if !c[i] { primes = append(primes, i) } } return primes } func squareFree(from, to uint64) (results []uint64) { limit := uint64(math.Sqrt(float64(to))) primes := sieve(limit) outer: for i := from; i <= to; i++ { for _, p := range primes { p2 := p * p if p2 > i { break } if i%p2 == 0 { continue outer } } results = append(results, i) } return } const trillion uint64 = 1000000000000 func main() { fmt.Println("Square-free integers from 1 to 145:") sf := squareFree(1, 145) for i := 0; i < len(sf); i++ { if i > 0 && i%20 == 0 { fmt.Println() } fmt.Printf("%4d", sf[i]) } fmt.Printf("\n\nSquare-free integers from %d to %d:\n", trillion, trillion+145) sf = squareFree(trillion, trillion+145) for i := 0; i < len(sf); i++ { if i > 0 && i%5 == 0 { fmt.Println() } fmt.Printf("%14d", sf[i]) } fmt.Println("\n\nNumber of square-free integers:\n") a := [...]uint64{100, 1000, 10000, 100000, 1000000} for _, n := range a { fmt.Printf(" from %d to %d = %d\n", 1, n, len(squareFree(1, n))) } }
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <math.h> #define TRUE 1 #define FALSE 0 #define TRILLION 1000000000000 typedef unsigned char bool; typedef unsigned long long uint64; void sieve(uint64 limit, uint64 *primes, uint64 *length) { uint64 i, count, p, p2; bool *c = calloc(limit + 1, sizeof(bool)); primes[0] = 2; count = 1; p = 3; for (;;) { p2 = p * p; if (p2 > limit) break; for (i = p2; i <= limit; i += 2 * p) c[i] = TRUE; for (;;) { p += 2; if (!c[p]) break; } } for (i = 3; i <= limit; i += 2) { if (!c[i]) primes[count++] = i; } *length = count; free(c); } void squareFree(uint64 from, uint64 to, uint64 *results, uint64 *len) { uint64 i, j, p, p2, np, count = 0, limit = (uint64)sqrt((double)to); uint64 *primes = malloc((limit + 1) * sizeof(uint64)); bool add; sieve(limit, primes, &np); for (i = from; i <= to; ++i) { add = TRUE; for (j = 0; j < np; ++j) { p = primes[j]; p2 = p * p; if (p2 > i) break; if (i % p2 == 0) { add = FALSE; break; } } if (add) results[count++] = i; } *len = count; free(primes); } int main() { uint64 i, *sf, len; sf = malloc(1000000 * sizeof(uint64)); printf("Square-free integers from 1 to 145:\n"); squareFree(1, 145, sf, &len); for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) { if (i > 0 && i % 20 == 0) { printf("\n"); } printf("%4lld", sf[i]); } printf("\n\nSquare-free integers from %ld to %ld:\n", TRILLION, TRILLION + 145); squareFree(TRILLION, TRILLION + 145, sf, &len); for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) { if (i > 0 && i % 5 == 0) { printf("\n"); } printf("%14lld", sf[i]); } printf("\n\nNumber of square-free integers:\n"); int a[5] = {100, 1000, 10000, 100000, 1000000}; for (i = 0; i < 5; ++i) { squareFree(1, a[i], sf, &len); printf(" from %d to %d = %lld\n", 1, a[i], len); } free(sf); return 0; }
Change the following Go code into C without altering its purpose.
package main import "fmt" func jaro(str1, str2 string) float64 { if len(str1) == 0 && len(str2) == 0 { return 1 } if len(str1) == 0 || len(str2) == 0 { return 0 } match_distance := len(str1) if len(str2) > match_distance { match_distance = len(str2) } match_distance = match_distance/2 - 1 str1_matches := make([]bool, len(str1)) str2_matches := make([]bool, len(str2)) matches := 0. transpositions := 0. for i := range str1 { start := i - match_distance if start < 0 { start = 0 } end := i + match_distance + 1 if end > len(str2) { end = len(str2) } for k := start; k < end; k++ { if str2_matches[k] { continue } if str1[i] != str2[k] { continue } str1_matches[i] = true str2_matches[k] = true matches++ break } } if matches == 0 { return 0 } k := 0 for i := range str1 { if !str1_matches[i] { continue } for !str2_matches[k] { k++ } if str1[i] != str2[k] { transpositions++ } k++ } transpositions /= 2 return (matches/float64(len(str1)) + matches/float64(len(str2)) + (matches-transpositions)/matches) / 3 } func main() { fmt.Printf("%f\n", jaro("MARTHA", "MARHTA")) fmt.Printf("%f\n", jaro("DIXON", "DICKSONX")) fmt.Printf("%f\n", jaro("JELLYFISH", "SMELLYFISH")) }
#include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <ctype.h> #include <stdio.h> #define TRUE 1 #define FALSE 0 #define max(a, b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b)) #define min(a, b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b)) double jaro(const char *str1, const char *str2) { int str1_len = strlen(str1); int str2_len = strlen(str2); if (str1_len == 0) return str2_len == 0 ? 1.0 : 0.0; int match_distance = (int) max(str1_len, str2_len)/2 - 1; int *str1_matches = calloc(str1_len, sizeof(int)); int *str2_matches = calloc(str2_len, sizeof(int)); double matches = 0.0; double transpositions = 0.0; for (int i = 0; i < str1_len; i++) { int start = max(0, i - match_distance); int end = min(i + match_distance + 1, str2_len); for (int k = start; k < end; k++) { if (str2_matches[k]) continue; if (str1[i] != str2[k]) continue; str1_matches[i] = TRUE; str2_matches[k] = TRUE; matches++; break; } } if (matches == 0) { free(str1_matches); free(str2_matches); return 0.0; } int k = 0; for (int i = 0; i < str1_len; i++) { if (!str1_matches[i]) continue; while (!str2_matches[k]) k++; if (str1[i] != str2[k]) transpositions++; k++; } transpositions /= 2.0; free(str1_matches); free(str2_matches); return ((matches / str1_len) + (matches / str2_len) + ((matches - transpositions) / matches)) / 3.0; } int main() { printf("%f\n", jaro("MARTHA", "MARHTA")); printf("%f\n", jaro("DIXON", "DICKSONX")); printf("%f\n", jaro("JELLYFISH", "SMELLYFISH")); }
Write the same code in C as shown below in Go.
package main import "fmt" type pair struct{ x, y int } func main() { const max = 1685 var all []pair for a := 2; a < max; a++ { for b := a + 1; b < max-a; b++ { all = append(all, pair{a, b}) } } fmt.Println("There are", len(all), "pairs where a+b <", max, "(and a<b)") products := countProducts(all) var sPairs []pair pairs: for _, p := range all { s := p.x + p.y for a := 2; a < s/2+s&1; a++ { b := s - a if products[a*b] == 1 { continue pairs } } sPairs = append(sPairs, p) } fmt.Println("S starts with", len(sPairs), "possible pairs.") sProducts := countProducts(sPairs) var pPairs []pair for _, p := range sPairs { if sProducts[p.x*p.y] == 1 { pPairs = append(pPairs, p) } } fmt.Println("P then has", len(pPairs), "possible pairs.") pSums := countSums(pPairs) var final []pair for _, p := range pPairs { if pSums[p.x+p.y] == 1 { final = append(final, p) } } switch len(final) { case 1: fmt.Println("Answer:", final[0].x, "and", final[0].y) case 0: fmt.Println("No possible answer.") default: fmt.Println(len(final), "possible answers:", final) } } func countProducts(list []pair) map[int]int { m := make(map[int]int) for _, p := range list { m[p.x*p.y]++ } return m } func countSums(list []pair) map[int]int { m := make(map[int]int) for _, p := range list { m[p.x+p.y]++ } return m } func decomposeSum(s int) []pair { pairs := make([]pair, 0, s/2) for a := 2; a < s/2+s&1; a++ { pairs = append(pairs, pair{a, s - a}) } return pairs }
#include <stdbool.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> typedef struct node_t { int x, y; struct node_t *prev, *next; } node; node *new_node(int x, int y) { node *n = malloc(sizeof(node)); n->x = x; n->y = y; n->next = NULL; n->prev = NULL; return n; } void free_node(node **n) { if (n == NULL) { return; } (*n)->prev = NULL; (*n)->next = NULL; free(*n); *n = NULL; } typedef struct list_t { node *head; node *tail; } list; list make_list() { list lst = { NULL, NULL }; return lst; } void append_node(list *const lst, int x, int y) { if (lst == NULL) { return; } node *n = new_node(x, y); if (lst->head == NULL) { lst->head = n; lst->tail = n; } else { n->prev = lst->tail; lst->tail->next = n; lst->tail = n; } } void remove_node(list *const lst, const node *const n) { if (lst == NULL || n == NULL) { return; } if (n->prev != NULL) { n->prev->next = n->next; if (n->next != NULL) { n->next->prev = n->prev; } else { lst->tail = n->prev; } } else { if (n->next != NULL) { n->next->prev = NULL; lst->head = n->next; } } free_node(&n); } void free_list(list *const lst) { node *ptr; if (lst == NULL) { return; } ptr = lst->head; while (ptr != NULL) { node *nxt = ptr->next; free_node(&ptr); ptr = nxt; } lst->head = NULL; lst->tail = NULL; } void print_list(const list *lst) { node *it; if (lst == NULL) { return; } for (it = lst->head; it != NULL; it = it->next) { int sum = it->x + it->y; int prod = it->x * it->y; printf("[%d, %d] S=%d P=%d\n", it->x, it->y, sum, prod); } } void print_count(const list *const lst) { node *it; int c = 0; if (lst == NULL) { return; } for (it = lst->head; it != NULL; it = it->next) { c++; } if (c == 0) { printf("no candidates\n"); } else if (c == 1) { printf("one candidate\n"); } else { printf("%d candidates\n", c); } } void setup(list *const lst) { int x, y; if (lst == NULL) { return; } for (x = 2; x <= 98; x++) { for (y = x + 1; y <= 98; y++) { if (x + y <= 100) { append_node(lst, x, y); } } } } void remove_by_sum(list *const lst, const int sum) { node *it; if (lst == NULL) { return; } it = lst->head; while (it != NULL) { int s = it->x + it->y; if (s == sum) { remove_node(lst, it); it = lst->head; } else { it = it->next; } } } void remove_by_prod(list *const lst, const int prod) { node *it; if (lst == NULL) { return; } it = lst->head; while (it != NULL) { int p = it->x * it->y; if (p == prod) { remove_node(lst, it); it = lst->head; } else { it = it->next; } } } void statement1(list *const lst) { short *unique = calloc(100000, sizeof(short)); node *it, *nxt; for (it = lst->head; it != NULL; it = it->next) { int prod = it->x * it->y; unique[prod]++; } it = lst->head; while (it != NULL) { int prod = it->x * it->y; nxt = it->next; if (unique[prod] == 1) { remove_by_sum(lst, it->x + it->y); it = lst->head; } else { it = nxt; } } free(unique); } void statement2(list *const candidates) { short *unique = calloc(100000, sizeof(short)); node *it, *nxt; for (it = candidates->head; it != NULL; it = it->next) { int prod = it->x * it->y; unique[prod]++; } it = candidates->head; while (it != NULL) { int prod = it->x * it->y; nxt = it->next; if (unique[prod] > 1) { remove_by_prod(candidates, prod); it = candidates->head; } else { it = nxt; } } free(unique); } void statement3(list *const candidates) { short *unique = calloc(100, sizeof(short)); node *it, *nxt; for (it = candidates->head; it != NULL; it = it->next) { int sum = it->x + it->y; unique[sum]++; } it = candidates->head; while (it != NULL) { int sum = it->x + it->y; nxt = it->next; if (unique[sum] > 1) { remove_by_sum(candidates, sum); it = candidates->head; } else { it = nxt; } } free(unique); } int main() { list candidates = make_list(); setup(&candidates); print_count(&candidates); statement1(&candidates); print_count(&candidates); statement2(&candidates); print_count(&candidates); statement3(&candidates); print_count(&candidates); print_list(&candidates); free_list(&candidates); return 0; }
Can you help me rewrite this code in C instead of Go, keeping it the same logically?
package main import ( "fmt" "sort" "strconv" "strings" ) func fairshare(n, base int) []int { res := make([]int, n) for i := 0; i < n; i++ { j := i sum := 0 for j > 0 { sum += j % base j /= base } res[i] = sum % base } return res } func turns(n int, fss []int) string { m := make(map[int]int) for _, fs := range fss { m[fs]++ } m2 := make(map[int]int) for _, v := range m { m2[v]++ } res := []int{} sum := 0 for k, v := range m2 { sum += v res = append(res, k) } if sum != n { return fmt.Sprintf("only %d have a turn", sum) } sort.Ints(res) res2 := make([]string, len(res)) for i := range res { res2[i] = strconv.Itoa(res[i]) } return strings.Join(res2, " or ") } func main() { for _, base := range []int{2, 3, 5, 11} { fmt.Printf("%2d : %2d\n", base, fairshare(25, base)) } fmt.Println("\nHow many times does each get a turn in 50000 iterations?") for _, base := range []int{191, 1377, 49999, 50000, 50001} { t := turns(base, fairshare(50000, base)) fmt.Printf(" With %d people: %s\n", base, t) } }
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> int turn(int base, int n) { int sum = 0; while (n != 0) { int rem = n % base; n = n / base; sum += rem; } return sum % base; } void fairshare(int base, int count) { int i; printf("Base %2d:", base); for (i = 0; i < count; i++) { int t = turn(base, i); printf(" %2d", t); } printf("\n"); } void turnCount(int base, int count) { int *cnt = calloc(base, sizeof(int)); int i, minTurn, maxTurn, portion; if (NULL == cnt) { printf("Failed to allocate space to determine the spread of turns.\n"); return; } for (i = 0; i < count; i++) { int t = turn(base, i); cnt[t]++; } minTurn = INT_MAX; maxTurn = INT_MIN; portion = 0; for (i = 0; i < base; i++) { if (cnt[i] > 0) { portion++; } if (cnt[i] < minTurn) { minTurn = cnt[i]; } if (cnt[i] > maxTurn) { maxTurn = cnt[i]; } } printf(" With %d people: ", base); if (0 == minTurn) { printf("Only %d have a turn\n", portion); } else if (minTurn == maxTurn) { printf("%d\n", minTurn); } else { printf("%d or %d\n", minTurn, maxTurn); } free(cnt); } int main() { fairshare(2, 25); fairshare(3, 25); fairshare(5, 25); fairshare(11, 25); printf("How many times does each get a turn in 50000 iterations?\n"); turnCount(191, 50000); turnCount(1377, 50000); turnCount(49999, 50000); turnCount(50000, 50000); turnCount(50001, 50000); return 0; }
Produce a language-to-language conversion: from Go to C, same semantics.
package main import ( "fmt" "math/rand" "strings" "time" ) var cylinder = [6]bool{} func rshift() { t := cylinder[5] for i := 4; i >= 0; i-- { cylinder[i+1] = cylinder[i] } cylinder[0] = t } func unload() { for i := 0; i < 6; i++ { cylinder[i] = false } } func load() { for cylinder[0] { rshift() } cylinder[0] = true rshift() } func spin() { var lim = 1 + rand.Intn(6) for i := 1; i < lim; i++ { rshift() } } func fire() bool { shot := cylinder[0] rshift() return shot } func method(s string) int { unload() for _, c := range s { switch c { case 'L': load() case 'S': spin() case 'F': if fire() { return 1 } } } return 0 } func mstring(s string) string { var l []string for _, c := range s { switch c { case 'L': l = append(l, "load") case 'S': l = append(l, "spin") case 'F': l = append(l, "fire") } } return strings.Join(l, ", ") } func main() { rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano()) tests := 100000 for _, m := range []string{"LSLSFSF", "LSLSFF", "LLSFSF", "LLSFF"} { sum := 0 for t := 1; t <= tests; t++ { sum += method(m) } pc := float64(sum) * 100 / float64(tests) fmt.Printf("%-40s produces %6.3f%% deaths.\n", mstring(m), pc) } }
#include <stdbool.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <time.h> static int nextInt(int size) { return rand() % size; } static bool cylinder[6]; static void rshift() { bool t = cylinder[5]; int i; for (i = 4; i >= 0; i--) { cylinder[i + 1] = cylinder[i]; } cylinder[0] = t; } static void unload() { int i; for (i = 0; i < 6; i++) { cylinder[i] = false; } } static void load() { while (cylinder[0]) { rshift(); } cylinder[0] = true; rshift(); } static void spin() { int lim = nextInt(6) + 1; int i; for (i = 1; i < lim; i++) { rshift(); } } static bool fire() { bool shot = cylinder[0]; rshift(); return shot; } static int method(const char *s) { unload(); for (; *s != '\0'; s++) { switch (*s) { case 'L': load(); break; case 'S': spin(); break; case 'F': if (fire()) { return 1; } break; } } return 0; } static void append(char *out, const char *txt) { if (*out != '\0') { strcat(out, ", "); } strcat(out, txt); } static void mstring(const char *s, char *out) { for (; *s != '\0'; s++) { switch (*s) { case 'L': append(out, "load"); break; case 'S': append(out, "spin"); break; case 'F': append(out, "fire"); break; } } } static void test(char *src) { char buffer[41] = ""; const int tests = 100000; int sum = 0; int t; double pc; for (t = 0; t < tests; t++) { sum += method(src); } mstring(src, buffer); pc = 100.0 * sum / tests; printf("%-40s produces %6.3f%% deaths.\n", buffer, pc); } int main() { srand(time(0)); test("LSLSFSF"); test("LSLSFF"); test("LLSFSF"); test("LLSFF"); return 0; }
Translate this program into C but keep the logic exactly as in Go.
package main import ( "fmt" "strings" ) var input = "3 + 4 * 2 / ( 1 - 5 ) ^ 2 ^ 3" var opa = map[string]struct { prec int rAssoc bool }{ "^": {4, true}, "*": {3, false}, "/": {3, false}, "+": {2, false}, "-": {2, false}, } func main() { fmt.Println("infix: ", input) fmt.Println("postfix:", parseInfix(input)) } func parseInfix(e string) (rpn string) { var stack []string for _, tok := range strings.Fields(e) { switch tok { case "(": stack = append(stack, tok) case ")": var op string for { op, stack = stack[len(stack)-1], stack[:len(stack)-1] if op == "(" { break } rpn += " " + op } default: if o1, isOp := opa[tok]; isOp { for len(stack) > 0 { op := stack[len(stack)-1] if o2, isOp := opa[op]; !isOp || o1.prec > o2.prec || o1.prec == o2.prec && o1.rAssoc { break } stack = stack[:len(stack)-1] rpn += " " + op } stack = append(stack, tok) } else { if rpn > "" { rpn += " " } rpn += tok } } } for len(stack) > 0 { rpn += " " + stack[len(stack)-1] stack = stack[:len(stack)-1] } return }
#include <sys/types.h> #include <regex.h> #include <stdio.h> typedef struct { const char *s; int len, prec, assoc; } str_tok_t; typedef struct { const char * str; int assoc, prec; regex_t re; } pat_t; enum assoc { A_NONE, A_L, A_R }; pat_t pat_eos = {"", A_NONE, 0}; pat_t pat_ops[] = { {"^\\)", A_NONE, -1}, {"^\\*\\*", A_R, 3}, {"^\\^", A_R, 3}, {"^\\*", A_L, 2}, {"^/", A_L, 2}, {"^\\+", A_L, 1}, {"^-", A_L, 1}, {0} }; pat_t pat_arg[] = { {"^[-+]?[0-9]*\\.?[0-9]+([eE][-+]?[0-9]+)?"}, {"^[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z_0-9]*"}, {"^\\(", A_L, -1}, {0} }; str_tok_t stack[256]; str_tok_t queue[256]; int l_queue, l_stack; #define qpush(x) queue[l_queue++] = x #define spush(x) stack[l_stack++] = x #define spop() stack[--l_stack] void display(const char *s) { int i; printf("\033[1;1H\033[JText | %s", s); printf("\nStack| "); for (i = 0; i < l_stack; i++) printf("%.*s ", stack[i].len, stack[i].s); printf("\nQueue| "); for (i = 0; i < l_queue; i++) printf("%.*s ", queue[i].len, queue[i].s); puts("\n\n<press enter>"); getchar(); } int prec_booster; #define fail(s1, s2) {fprintf(stderr, "[Error %s] %s\n", s1, s2); return 0;} int init(void) { int i; pat_t *p; for (i = 0, p = pat_ops; p[i].str; i++) if (regcomp(&(p[i].re), p[i].str, REG_NEWLINE|REG_EXTENDED)) fail("comp", p[i].str); for (i = 0, p = pat_arg; p[i].str; i++) if (regcomp(&(p[i].re), p[i].str, REG_NEWLINE|REG_EXTENDED)) fail("comp", p[i].str); return 1; } pat_t* match(const char *s, pat_t *p, str_tok_t * t, const char **e) { int i; regmatch_t m; while (*s == ' ') s++; *e = s; if (!*s) return &pat_eos; for (i = 0; p[i].str; i++) { if (regexec(&(p[i].re), s, 1, &m, REG_NOTEOL)) continue; t->s = s; *e = s + (t->len = m.rm_eo - m.rm_so); return p + i; } return 0; } int parse(const char *s) { pat_t *p; str_tok_t *t, tok; prec_booster = l_queue = l_stack = 0; display(s); while (*s) { p = match(s, pat_arg, &tok, &s); if (!p || p == &pat_eos) fail("parse arg", s); if (p->prec == -1) { prec_booster += 100; continue; } qpush(tok); display(s); re_op: p = match(s, pat_ops, &tok, &s); if (!p) fail("parse op", s); tok.assoc = p->assoc; tok.prec = p->prec; if (p->prec > 0) tok.prec = p->prec + prec_booster; else if (p->prec == -1) { if (prec_booster < 100) fail("unmatched )", s); tok.prec = prec_booster; } while (l_stack) { t = stack + l_stack - 1; if (!(t->prec == tok.prec && t->assoc == A_L) && t->prec <= tok.prec) break; qpush(spop()); display(s); } if (p->prec == -1) { prec_booster -= 100; goto re_op; } if (!p->prec) { display(s); if (prec_booster) fail("unmatched (", s); return 1; } spush(tok); display(s); } if (p->prec > 0) fail("unexpected eol", s); return 1; } int main() { int i; const char *tests[] = { "3 + 4 * 2 / ( 1 - 5 ) ^ 2 ^ 3", "123", "3+4 * 2 / ( 1 - 5 ) ^ 2 ^ 3.14", "(((((((1+2+3**(4 + 5))))))", "a^(b + c/d * .1e5)!", "(1**2)**3", "2 + 2 *", 0 }; if (!init()) return 1; for (i = 0; tests[i]; i++) { printf("Testing string `%s' <enter>\n", tests[i]); getchar(); printf("string `%s': %s\n\n", tests[i], parse(tests[i]) ? "Ok" : "Error"); } return 0; }
Produce a functionally identical C code for the snippet given in Go.
package main import ( "fmt" "strings" ) var input = "3 + 4 * 2 / ( 1 - 5 ) ^ 2 ^ 3" var opa = map[string]struct { prec int rAssoc bool }{ "^": {4, true}, "*": {3, false}, "/": {3, false}, "+": {2, false}, "-": {2, false}, } func main() { fmt.Println("infix: ", input) fmt.Println("postfix:", parseInfix(input)) } func parseInfix(e string) (rpn string) { var stack []string for _, tok := range strings.Fields(e) { switch tok { case "(": stack = append(stack, tok) case ")": var op string for { op, stack = stack[len(stack)-1], stack[:len(stack)-1] if op == "(" { break } rpn += " " + op } default: if o1, isOp := opa[tok]; isOp { for len(stack) > 0 { op := stack[len(stack)-1] if o2, isOp := opa[op]; !isOp || o1.prec > o2.prec || o1.prec == o2.prec && o1.rAssoc { break } stack = stack[:len(stack)-1] rpn += " " + op } stack = append(stack, tok) } else { if rpn > "" { rpn += " " } rpn += tok } } } for len(stack) > 0 { rpn += " " + stack[len(stack)-1] stack = stack[:len(stack)-1] } return }
#include <sys/types.h> #include <regex.h> #include <stdio.h> typedef struct { const char *s; int len, prec, assoc; } str_tok_t; typedef struct { const char * str; int assoc, prec; regex_t re; } pat_t; enum assoc { A_NONE, A_L, A_R }; pat_t pat_eos = {"", A_NONE, 0}; pat_t pat_ops[] = { {"^\\)", A_NONE, -1}, {"^\\*\\*", A_R, 3}, {"^\\^", A_R, 3}, {"^\\*", A_L, 2}, {"^/", A_L, 2}, {"^\\+", A_L, 1}, {"^-", A_L, 1}, {0} }; pat_t pat_arg[] = { {"^[-+]?[0-9]*\\.?[0-9]+([eE][-+]?[0-9]+)?"}, {"^[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z_0-9]*"}, {"^\\(", A_L, -1}, {0} }; str_tok_t stack[256]; str_tok_t queue[256]; int l_queue, l_stack; #define qpush(x) queue[l_queue++] = x #define spush(x) stack[l_stack++] = x #define spop() stack[--l_stack] void display(const char *s) { int i; printf("\033[1;1H\033[JText | %s", s); printf("\nStack| "); for (i = 0; i < l_stack; i++) printf("%.*s ", stack[i].len, stack[i].s); printf("\nQueue| "); for (i = 0; i < l_queue; i++) printf("%.*s ", queue[i].len, queue[i].s); puts("\n\n<press enter>"); getchar(); } int prec_booster; #define fail(s1, s2) {fprintf(stderr, "[Error %s] %s\n", s1, s2); return 0;} int init(void) { int i; pat_t *p; for (i = 0, p = pat_ops; p[i].str; i++) if (regcomp(&(p[i].re), p[i].str, REG_NEWLINE|REG_EXTENDED)) fail("comp", p[i].str); for (i = 0, p = pat_arg; p[i].str; i++) if (regcomp(&(p[i].re), p[i].str, REG_NEWLINE|REG_EXTENDED)) fail("comp", p[i].str); return 1; } pat_t* match(const char *s, pat_t *p, str_tok_t * t, const char **e) { int i; regmatch_t m; while (*s == ' ') s++; *e = s; if (!*s) return &pat_eos; for (i = 0; p[i].str; i++) { if (regexec(&(p[i].re), s, 1, &m, REG_NOTEOL)) continue; t->s = s; *e = s + (t->len = m.rm_eo - m.rm_so); return p + i; } return 0; } int parse(const char *s) { pat_t *p; str_tok_t *t, tok; prec_booster = l_queue = l_stack = 0; display(s); while (*s) { p = match(s, pat_arg, &tok, &s); if (!p || p == &pat_eos) fail("parse arg", s); if (p->prec == -1) { prec_booster += 100; continue; } qpush(tok); display(s); re_op: p = match(s, pat_ops, &tok, &s); if (!p) fail("parse op", s); tok.assoc = p->assoc; tok.prec = p->prec; if (p->prec > 0) tok.prec = p->prec + prec_booster; else if (p->prec == -1) { if (prec_booster < 100) fail("unmatched )", s); tok.prec = prec_booster; } while (l_stack) { t = stack + l_stack - 1; if (!(t->prec == tok.prec && t->assoc == A_L) && t->prec <= tok.prec) break; qpush(spop()); display(s); } if (p->prec == -1) { prec_booster -= 100; goto re_op; } if (!p->prec) { display(s); if (prec_booster) fail("unmatched (", s); return 1; } spush(tok); display(s); } if (p->prec > 0) fail("unexpected eol", s); return 1; } int main() { int i; const char *tests[] = { "3 + 4 * 2 / ( 1 - 5 ) ^ 2 ^ 3", "123", "3+4 * 2 / ( 1 - 5 ) ^ 2 ^ 3.14", "(((((((1+2+3**(4 + 5))))))", "a^(b + c/d * .1e5)!", "(1**2)**3", "2 + 2 *", 0 }; if (!init()) return 1; for (i = 0; tests[i]; i++) { printf("Testing string `%s' <enter>\n", tests[i]); getchar(); printf("string `%s': %s\n\n", tests[i], parse(tests[i]) ? "Ok" : "Error"); } return 0; }
Port the following code from Go to C with equivalent syntax and logic.
package main import "fmt" var canFollow [][]bool var arrang []int var bFirst = true var pmap = make(map[int]bool) func init() { for _, i := range []int{2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37} { pmap[i] = true } } func ptrs(res, n, done int) int { ad := arrang[done-1] if n-done <= 1 { if canFollow[ad-1][n-1] { if bFirst { for _, e := range arrang { fmt.Printf("%2d ", e) } fmt.Println() bFirst = false } res++ } } else { done++ for i := done - 1; i <= n-2; i += 2 { ai := arrang[i] if canFollow[ad-1][ai-1] { arrang[i], arrang[done-1] = arrang[done-1], arrang[i] res = ptrs(res, n, done) arrang[i], arrang[done-1] = arrang[done-1], arrang[i] } } } return res } func primeTriangle(n int) int { canFollow = make([][]bool, n) for i := 0; i < n; i++ { canFollow[i] = make([]bool, n) for j := 0; j < n; j++ { _, ok := pmap[i+j+2] canFollow[i][j] = ok } } bFirst = true arrang = make([]int, n) for i := 0; i < n; i++ { arrang[i] = i + 1 } return ptrs(0, n, 1) } func main() { counts := make([]int, 19) for i := 2; i <= 20; i++ { counts[i-2] = primeTriangle(i) } fmt.Println() for i := 0; i < 19; i++ { fmt.Printf("%d ", counts[i]) } fmt.Println() }
#include <assert.h> #include <stdbool.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <time.h> bool is_prime(unsigned int n) { assert(n < 64); static bool isprime[] = {0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0}; return isprime[n]; } void swap(unsigned int* a, size_t i, size_t j) { unsigned int tmp = a[i]; a[i] = a[j]; a[j] = tmp; } bool prime_triangle_row(unsigned int* a, size_t length) { if (length == 2) return is_prime(a[0] + a[1]); for (size_t i = 1; i + 1 < length; i += 2) { if (is_prime(a[0] + a[i])) { swap(a, i, 1); if (prime_triangle_row(a + 1, length - 1)) return true; swap(a, i, 1); } } return false; } int prime_triangle_count(unsigned int* a, size_t length) { int count = 0; if (length == 2) { if (is_prime(a[0] + a[1])) ++count; } else { for (size_t i = 1; i + 1 < length; i += 2) { if (is_prime(a[0] + a[i])) { swap(a, i, 1); count += prime_triangle_count(a + 1, length - 1); swap(a, i, 1); } } } return count; } void print(unsigned int* a, size_t length) { if (length == 0) return; printf("%2u", a[0]); for (size_t i = 1; i < length; ++i) printf(" %2u", a[i]); printf("\n"); } int main() { clock_t start = clock(); for (unsigned int n = 2; n < 21; ++n) { unsigned int a[n]; for (unsigned int i = 0; i < n; ++i) a[i] = i + 1; if (prime_triangle_row(a, n)) print(a, n); } printf("\n"); for (unsigned int n = 2; n < 21; ++n) { unsigned int a[n]; for (unsigned int i = 0; i < n; ++i) a[i] = i + 1; if (n > 2) printf(" "); printf("%d", prime_triangle_count(a, n)); } printf("\n"); clock_t end = clock(); double duration = (end - start + 0.0) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC; printf("\nElapsed time: %f seconds\n", duration); return 0; }
Convert the following code from Go to C, ensuring the logic remains intact.
package main import ( "fmt" "log" "math" ) func main() { fmt.Print("Enter 11 numbers: ") var s [11]float64 for i := 0; i < 11; { if n, _ := fmt.Scan(&s[i]); n > 0 { i++ } } for i, item := range s[:5] { s[i], s[10-i] = s[10-i], item } for _, item := range s { if result, overflow := f(item); overflow { log.Printf("f(%g) overflow", item) } else { fmt.Printf("f(%g) = %g\n", item, result) } } } func f(x float64) (float64, bool) { result := math.Sqrt(math.Abs(x)) + 5*x*x*x return result, result > 400 }
#include<math.h> #include<stdio.h> int main () { double inputs[11], check = 400, result; int i; printf ("\nPlease enter 11 numbers :"); for (i = 0; i < 11; i++) { scanf ("%lf", &inputs[i]); } printf ("\n\n\nEvaluating f(x) = |x|^0.5 + 5x^3 for the given inputs :"); for (i = 10; i >= 0; i--) { result = sqrt (fabs (inputs[i])) + 5 * pow (inputs[i], 3); printf ("\nf(%lf) = "); if (result > check) { printf ("Overflow!"); } else { printf ("%lf", result); } } return 0; }
Convert this Go snippet to C and keep its semantics consistent.
package m3 import ( "errors" "strconv" ) var ( ErrorLT3 = errors.New("N of at least three digits required.") ErrorEven = errors.New("N with odd number of digits required.") ) func Digits(i int) (string, error) { if i < 0 { i = -i } if i < 100 { return "", ErrorLT3 } s := strconv.Itoa(i) if len(s)%2 == 0 { return "", ErrorEven } m := len(s) / 2 return s[m-1 : m+2], nil }
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> char * mid3(int n) { static char buf[32]; int l; sprintf(buf, "%d", n > 0 ? n : -n); l = strlen(buf); if (l < 3 || !(l & 1)) return 0; l = l / 2 - 1; buf[l + 3] = 0; return buf + l; } int main(void) { int x[] = {123, 12345, 1234567, 987654321, 10001, -10001, -123, -100, 100, -12345, 1, 2, -1, -10, 2002, -2002, 0, 1234567890}; int i; char *m; for (i = 0; i < sizeof(x)/sizeof(x[0]); i++) { if (!(m = mid3(x[i]))) m = "error"; printf("%d: %s\n", x[i], m); } return 0; }
Keep all operations the same but rewrite the snippet in C.
package main import ( "fmt" "math" "math/big" ) var bi = new(big.Int) func isPrime(n int) bool { bi.SetUint64(uint64(n)) return bi.ProbablyPrime(0) } func generateSmallPrimes(n int) []int { primes := make([]int, n) primes[0] = 2 for i, count := 3, 1; count < n; i += 2 { if isPrime(i) { primes[count] = i count++ } } return primes } func countDivisors(n int) int { count := 1 for n%2 == 0 { n >>= 1 count++ } for d := 3; d*d <= n; d += 2 { q, r := n/d, n%d if r == 0 { dc := 0 for r == 0 { dc += count n = q q, r = n/d, n%d } count += dc } } if n != 1 { count *= 2 } return count } func main() { const max = 33 primes := generateSmallPrimes(max) z := new(big.Int) p := new(big.Int) fmt.Println("The first", max, "terms in the sequence are:") for i := 1; i <= max; i++ { if isPrime(i) { z.SetUint64(uint64(primes[i-1])) p.SetUint64(uint64(i - 1)) z.Exp(z, p, nil) fmt.Printf("%2d : %d\n", i, z) } else { count := 0 for j := 1; ; j++ { if i%2 == 1 { sq := int(math.Sqrt(float64(j))) if sq*sq != j { continue } } if countDivisors(j) == i { count++ if count == i { fmt.Printf("%2d : %d\n", i, j) break } } } } } }
#include <math.h> #include <stdbool.h> #include <stdint.h> #include <stdio.h> #define LIMIT 15 int smallPrimes[LIMIT]; static void sieve() { int i = 2, j; int p = 5; smallPrimes[0] = 2; smallPrimes[1] = 3; while (i < LIMIT) { for (j = 0; j < i; j++) { if (smallPrimes[j] * smallPrimes[j] <= p) { if (p % smallPrimes[j] == 0) { p += 2; break; } } else { smallPrimes[i++] = p; p += 2; break; } } } } static bool is_prime(uint64_t n) { uint64_t i; for (i = 0; i < LIMIT; i++) { if (n % smallPrimes[i] == 0) { return n == smallPrimes[i]; } } i = smallPrimes[LIMIT - 1] + 2; for (; i * i <= n; i += 2) { if (n % i == 0) { return false; } } return true; } static uint64_t divisor_count(uint64_t n) { uint64_t count = 1; uint64_t d; while (n % 2 == 0) { n /= 2; count++; } for (d = 3; d * d <= n; d += 2) { uint64_t q = n / d; uint64_t r = n % d; uint64_t dc = 0; while (r == 0) { dc += count; n = q; q = n / d; r = n % d; } count += dc; } if (n != 1) { return count *= 2; } return count; } static uint64_t OEISA073916(size_t n) { uint64_t count = 0; uint64_t result = 0; size_t i; if (is_prime(n)) { return (uint64_t)pow(smallPrimes[n - 1], n - 1); } for (i = 1; count < n; i++) { if (n % 2 == 1) { uint64_t root = (uint64_t)sqrt(i); if (root * root != i) { continue; } } if (divisor_count(i) == n) { count++; result = i; } } return result; } int main() { size_t n; sieve(); for (n = 1; n <= LIMIT; n++) { if (n == 13) { printf("A073916(%lu) = One more bit needed to represent result.\n", n); } else { printf("A073916(%lu) = %llu\n", n, OEISA073916(n)); } } return 0; }
Convert this Go snippet to C and keep its semantics consistent.
package main import "fmt" func countDivisors(n int) int { count := 0 for i := 1; i*i <= n; i++ { if n%i == 0 { if i == n/i { count++ } else { count += 2 } } } return count } func main() { const max = 15 seq := make([]int, max) fmt.Println("The first", max, "terms of the sequence are:") for i, n := 1, 0; n < max; i++ { if k := countDivisors(i); k <= max && seq[k-1] == 0 { seq[k-1] = i n++ } } fmt.Println(seq) }
#include <stdio.h> #define MAX 15 int count_divisors(int n) { int i, count = 0; for (i = 1; i * i <= n; ++i) { if (!(n % i)) { if (i == n / i) count++; else count += 2; } } return count; } int main() { int i, k, n, seq[MAX]; for (i = 0; i < MAX; ++i) seq[i] = 0; printf("The first %d terms of the sequence are:\n", MAX); for (i = 1, n = 0; n < MAX; ++i) { k = count_divisors(i); if (k <= MAX && seq[k - 1] == 0) { seq[k - 1] = i; ++n; } } for (i = 0; i < MAX; ++i) printf("%d ", seq[i]); printf("\n"); return 0; }
Rewrite the snippet below in C so it works the same as the original Go code.
package main import "fmt" func pancake(n int) int { gap, sum, adj := 2, 2, -1 for sum < n { adj++ gap = gap*2 - 1 sum += gap } return n + adj } func main() { for i := 0; i < 4; i++ { for j := 1; j < 6; j++ { n := i*5 + j fmt.Printf("p(%2d) = %2d ", n, pancake(n)) } fmt.Println() } }
#include <stdio.h> int pancake(int n) { int gap = 2, sum = 2, adj = -1; while (sum < n) { adj++; gap = gap * 2 - 1; sum += gap; } return n + adj; } int main() { int i, j; for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) { for (j = 1; j < 6; j++) { int n = i * 5 + j; printf("p(%2d) = %2d ", n, pancake(n)); } printf("\n"); } return 0; }
Keep all operations the same but rewrite the snippet in C.
package main import "fmt" func pancake(n int) int { gap, sum, adj := 2, 2, -1 for sum < n { adj++ gap = gap*2 - 1 sum += gap } return n + adj } func main() { for i := 0; i < 4; i++ { for j := 1; j < 6; j++ { n := i*5 + j fmt.Printf("p(%2d) = %2d ", n, pancake(n)) } fmt.Println() } }
#include <stdio.h> int pancake(int n) { int gap = 2, sum = 2, adj = -1; while (sum < n) { adj++; gap = gap * 2 - 1; sum += gap; } return n + adj; } int main() { int i, j; for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) { for (j = 1; j < 6; j++) { int n = i * 5 + j; printf("p(%2d) = %2d ", n, pancake(n)); } printf("\n"); } return 0; }
Rewrite this program in C while keeping its functionality equivalent to the Go version.
package main import ( "fmt" "math/rand" "strconv" "strings" "time" ) var grid [8][8]byte func abs(i int) int { if i >= 0 { return i } else { return -i } } func createFen() string { placeKings() placePieces("PPPPPPPP", true) placePieces("pppppppp", true) placePieces("RNBQBNR", false) placePieces("rnbqbnr", false) return toFen() } func placeKings() { for { r1 := rand.Intn(8) c1 := rand.Intn(8) r2 := rand.Intn(8) c2 := rand.Intn(8) if r1 != r2 && abs(r1-r2) > 1 && abs(c1-c2) > 1 { grid[r1][c1] = 'K' grid[r2][c2] = 'k' return } } } func placePieces(pieces string, isPawn bool) { numToPlace := rand.Intn(len(pieces)) for n := 0; n < numToPlace; n++ { var r, c int for { r = rand.Intn(8) c = rand.Intn(8) if grid[r][c] == '\000' && !(isPawn && (r == 7 || r == 0)) { break } } grid[r][c] = pieces[n] } } func toFen() string { var fen strings.Builder countEmpty := 0 for r := 0; r < 8; r++ { for c := 0; c < 8; c++ { ch := grid[r][c] if ch == '\000' { ch = '.' } fmt.Printf("%2c ", ch) if ch == '.' { countEmpty++ } else { if countEmpty > 0 { fen.WriteString(strconv.Itoa(countEmpty)) countEmpty = 0 } fen.WriteByte(ch) } } if countEmpty > 0 { fen.WriteString(strconv.Itoa(countEmpty)) countEmpty = 0 } fen.WriteString("/") fmt.Println() } fen.WriteString(" w - - 0 1") return fen.String() } func main() { rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano()) fmt.Println(createFen()) }
#include <stdio.h> #include <math.h> #include <string.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <time.h> #define TRUE 1 #define FALSE 0 typedef int bool; char grid[8][8]; void placeKings() { int r1, r2, c1, c2; for (;;) { r1 = rand() % 8; c1 = rand() % 8; r2 = rand() % 8; c2 = rand() % 8; if (r1 != r2 && abs(r1 - r2) > 1 && abs(c1 - c2) > 1) { grid[r1][c1] = 'K'; grid[r2][c2] = 'k'; return; } } } void placePieces(const char *pieces, bool isPawn) { int n, r, c; int numToPlace = rand() % strlen(pieces); for (n = 0; n < numToPlace; ++n) { do { r = rand() % 8; c = rand() % 8; } while (grid[r][c] != 0 || (isPawn && (r == 7 || r == 0))); grid[r][c] = pieces[n]; } } void toFen() { char fen[80], ch; int r, c, countEmpty = 0, index = 0; for (r = 0; r < 8; ++r) { for (c = 0; c < 8; ++c) { ch = grid[r][c]; printf("%2c ", ch == 0 ? '.' : ch); if (ch == 0) { countEmpty++; } else { if (countEmpty > 0) { fen[index++] = countEmpty + 48; countEmpty = 0; } fen[index++] = ch; } } if (countEmpty > 0) { fen[index++] = countEmpty + 48; countEmpty = 0; } fen[index++]= '/'; printf("\n"); } strcpy(fen + index, " w - - 0 1"); printf("%s\n", fen); } char *createFen() { placeKings(); placePieces("PPPPPPPP", TRUE); placePieces("pppppppp", TRUE); placePieces("RNBQBNR", FALSE); placePieces("rnbqbnr", FALSE); toFen(); } int main() { srand(time(NULL)); createFen(); return 0; }
Produce a functionally identical C code for the snippet given in Go.
package main import ( "fmt" "strconv" ) func uabs(a, b uint64) uint64 { if a > b { return a - b } return b - a } func isEsthetic(n, b uint64) bool { if n == 0 { return false } i := n % b n /= b for n > 0 { j := n % b if uabs(i, j) != 1 { return false } n /= b i = j } return true } var esths []uint64 func dfs(n, m, i uint64) { if i >= n && i <= m { esths = append(esths, i) } if i == 0 || i > m { return } d := i % 10 i1 := i*10 + d - 1 i2 := i1 + 2 if d == 0 { dfs(n, m, i2) } else if d == 9 { dfs(n, m, i1) } else { dfs(n, m, i1) dfs(n, m, i2) } } func listEsths(n, n2, m, m2 uint64, perLine int, all bool) { esths = esths[:0] for i := uint64(0); i < 10; i++ { dfs(n2, m2, i) } le := len(esths) fmt.Printf("Base 10: %s esthetic numbers between %s and %s:\n", commatize(uint64(le)), commatize(n), commatize(m)) if all { for c, esth := range esths { fmt.Printf("%d ", esth) if (c+1)%perLine == 0 { fmt.Println() } } } else { for i := 0; i < perLine; i++ { fmt.Printf("%d ", esths[i]) } fmt.Println("\n............\n") for i := le - perLine; i < le; i++ { fmt.Printf("%d ", esths[i]) } } fmt.Println("\n") } func commatize(n uint64) string { s := fmt.Sprintf("%d", n) le := len(s) for i := le - 3; i >= 1; i -= 3 { s = s[0:i] + "," + s[i:] } return s } func main() { for b := uint64(2); b <= 16; b++ { fmt.Printf("Base %d: %dth to %dth esthetic numbers:\n", b, 4*b, 6*b) for n, c := uint64(1), uint64(0); c < 6*b; n++ { if isEsthetic(n, b) { c++ if c >= 4*b { fmt.Printf("%s ", strconv.FormatUint(n, int(b))) } } } fmt.Println("\n") } listEsths(1000, 1010, 9999, 9898, 16, true) listEsths(1e8, 101_010_101, 13*1e7, 123_456_789, 9, true) listEsths(1e11, 101_010_101_010, 13*1e10, 123_456_789_898, 7, false) listEsths(1e14, 101_010_101_010_101, 13*1e13, 123_456_789_898_989, 5, false) listEsths(1e17, 101_010_101_010_101_010, 13*1e16, 123_456_789_898_989_898, 4, false) }
#include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <locale.h> typedef int bool; typedef unsigned long long ull; #define TRUE 1 #define FALSE 0 char as_digit(int d) { return (d >= 0 && d <= 9) ? d + '0' : d - 10 + 'a'; } void revstr(char *str) { int i, len = strlen(str); char t; for (i = 0; i < len/2; ++i) { t = str[i]; str[i] = str[len - i - 1]; str[len - i - 1] = t; } } char* to_base(char s[], ull n, int b) { int i = 0; while (n) { s[i++] = as_digit(n % b); n /= b; } s[i] = '\0'; revstr(s); return s; } ull uabs(ull a, ull b) { return a > b ? a - b : b - a; } bool is_esthetic(ull n, int b) { int i, j; if (!n) return FALSE; i = n % b; n /= b; while (n) { j = n % b; if (uabs(i, j) != 1) return FALSE; n /= b; i = j; } return TRUE; } ull esths[45000]; int le = 0; void dfs(ull n, ull m, ull i) { ull d, i1, i2; if (i >= n && i <= m) esths[le++] = i; if (i == 0 || i > m) return; d = i % 10; i1 = i * 10 + d - 1; i2 = i1 + 2; if (d == 0) { dfs(n, m, i2); } else if (d == 9) { dfs(n, m, i1); } else { dfs(n, m, i1); dfs(n, m, i2); } } void list_esths(ull n, ull n2, ull m, ull m2, int per_line, bool all) { int i; le = 0; for (i = 0; i < 10; ++i) { dfs(n2, m2, i); } printf("Base 10: %'d esthetic numbers between %'llu and %'llu:\n", le, n, m); if (all) { for (i = 0; i < le; ++i) { printf("%llu ", esths[i]); if (!(i+1)%per_line) printf("\n"); } } else { for (i = 0; i < per_line; ++i) printf("%llu ", esths[i]); printf("\n............\n"); for (i = le - per_line; i < le; ++i) printf("%llu ", esths[i]); } printf("\n\n"); } int main() { ull n; int b, c; char ch[15] = {0}; for (b = 2; b <= 16; ++b) { printf("Base %d: %dth to %dth esthetic numbers:\n", b, 4*b, 6*b); for (n = 1, c = 0; c < 6 * b; ++n) { if (is_esthetic(n, b)) { if (++c >= 4 * b) printf("%s ", to_base(ch, n, b)); } } printf("\n\n"); } char *oldLocale = setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, NULL); setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, ""); list_esths(1000, 1010, 9999, 9898, 16, TRUE); list_esths(1e8, 101010101, 13*1e7, 123456789, 9, TRUE); list_esths(1e11, 101010101010, 13*1e10, 123456789898, 7, FALSE); list_esths(1e14, 101010101010101, 13*1e13, 123456789898989, 5, FALSE); list_esths(1e17, 101010101010101010, 13*1e16, 123456789898989898, 4, FALSE); setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, oldLocale); return 0; }
Write a version of this Go function in C with identical behavior.
package main import ( "fmt" "strconv" ) func uabs(a, b uint64) uint64 { if a > b { return a - b } return b - a } func isEsthetic(n, b uint64) bool { if n == 0 { return false } i := n % b n /= b for n > 0 { j := n % b if uabs(i, j) != 1 { return false } n /= b i = j } return true } var esths []uint64 func dfs(n, m, i uint64) { if i >= n && i <= m { esths = append(esths, i) } if i == 0 || i > m { return } d := i % 10 i1 := i*10 + d - 1 i2 := i1 + 2 if d == 0 { dfs(n, m, i2) } else if d == 9 { dfs(n, m, i1) } else { dfs(n, m, i1) dfs(n, m, i2) } } func listEsths(n, n2, m, m2 uint64, perLine int, all bool) { esths = esths[:0] for i := uint64(0); i < 10; i++ { dfs(n2, m2, i) } le := len(esths) fmt.Printf("Base 10: %s esthetic numbers between %s and %s:\n", commatize(uint64(le)), commatize(n), commatize(m)) if all { for c, esth := range esths { fmt.Printf("%d ", esth) if (c+1)%perLine == 0 { fmt.Println() } } } else { for i := 0; i < perLine; i++ { fmt.Printf("%d ", esths[i]) } fmt.Println("\n............\n") for i := le - perLine; i < le; i++ { fmt.Printf("%d ", esths[i]) } } fmt.Println("\n") } func commatize(n uint64) string { s := fmt.Sprintf("%d", n) le := len(s) for i := le - 3; i >= 1; i -= 3 { s = s[0:i] + "," + s[i:] } return s } func main() { for b := uint64(2); b <= 16; b++ { fmt.Printf("Base %d: %dth to %dth esthetic numbers:\n", b, 4*b, 6*b) for n, c := uint64(1), uint64(0); c < 6*b; n++ { if isEsthetic(n, b) { c++ if c >= 4*b { fmt.Printf("%s ", strconv.FormatUint(n, int(b))) } } } fmt.Println("\n") } listEsths(1000, 1010, 9999, 9898, 16, true) listEsths(1e8, 101_010_101, 13*1e7, 123_456_789, 9, true) listEsths(1e11, 101_010_101_010, 13*1e10, 123_456_789_898, 7, false) listEsths(1e14, 101_010_101_010_101, 13*1e13, 123_456_789_898_989, 5, false) listEsths(1e17, 101_010_101_010_101_010, 13*1e16, 123_456_789_898_989_898, 4, false) }
#include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <locale.h> typedef int bool; typedef unsigned long long ull; #define TRUE 1 #define FALSE 0 char as_digit(int d) { return (d >= 0 && d <= 9) ? d + '0' : d - 10 + 'a'; } void revstr(char *str) { int i, len = strlen(str); char t; for (i = 0; i < len/2; ++i) { t = str[i]; str[i] = str[len - i - 1]; str[len - i - 1] = t; } } char* to_base(char s[], ull n, int b) { int i = 0; while (n) { s[i++] = as_digit(n % b); n /= b; } s[i] = '\0'; revstr(s); return s; } ull uabs(ull a, ull b) { return a > b ? a - b : b - a; } bool is_esthetic(ull n, int b) { int i, j; if (!n) return FALSE; i = n % b; n /= b; while (n) { j = n % b; if (uabs(i, j) != 1) return FALSE; n /= b; i = j; } return TRUE; } ull esths[45000]; int le = 0; void dfs(ull n, ull m, ull i) { ull d, i1, i2; if (i >= n && i <= m) esths[le++] = i; if (i == 0 || i > m) return; d = i % 10; i1 = i * 10 + d - 1; i2 = i1 + 2; if (d == 0) { dfs(n, m, i2); } else if (d == 9) { dfs(n, m, i1); } else { dfs(n, m, i1); dfs(n, m, i2); } } void list_esths(ull n, ull n2, ull m, ull m2, int per_line, bool all) { int i; le = 0; for (i = 0; i < 10; ++i) { dfs(n2, m2, i); } printf("Base 10: %'d esthetic numbers between %'llu and %'llu:\n", le, n, m); if (all) { for (i = 0; i < le; ++i) { printf("%llu ", esths[i]); if (!(i+1)%per_line) printf("\n"); } } else { for (i = 0; i < per_line; ++i) printf("%llu ", esths[i]); printf("\n............\n"); for (i = le - per_line; i < le; ++i) printf("%llu ", esths[i]); } printf("\n\n"); } int main() { ull n; int b, c; char ch[15] = {0}; for (b = 2; b <= 16; ++b) { printf("Base %d: %dth to %dth esthetic numbers:\n", b, 4*b, 6*b); for (n = 1, c = 0; c < 6 * b; ++n) { if (is_esthetic(n, b)) { if (++c >= 4 * b) printf("%s ", to_base(ch, n, b)); } } printf("\n\n"); } char *oldLocale = setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, NULL); setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, ""); list_esths(1000, 1010, 9999, 9898, 16, TRUE); list_esths(1e8, 101010101, 13*1e7, 123456789, 9, TRUE); list_esths(1e11, 101010101010, 13*1e10, 123456789898, 7, FALSE); list_esths(1e14, 101010101010101, 13*1e13, 123456789898989, 5, FALSE); list_esths(1e17, 101010101010101010, 13*1e16, 123456789898989898, 4, FALSE); setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, oldLocale); return 0; }
Convert the following code from Go to C, ensuring the logic remains intact.
package main import "fmt" const ( maxn = 10 maxl = 50 ) func main() { for i := 1; i <= maxn; i++ { fmt.Printf("%d: %d\n", i, steps(i)) } } func steps(n int) int { var a, b [maxl][maxn + 1]int var x [maxl]int a[0][0] = 1 var m int for l := 0; ; { x[l]++ k := int(x[l]) if k >= n { if l <= 0 { break } l-- continue } if a[l][k] == 0 { if b[l][k+1] != 0 { continue } } else if a[l][k] != k+1 { continue } a[l+1] = a[l] for j := 1; j <= k; j++ { a[l+1][j] = a[l][k-j] } b[l+1] = b[l] a[l+1][0] = k + 1 b[l+1][k+1] = 1 if l > m-1 { m = l + 1 } l++ x[l] = 0 } return m }
#include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> typedef struct { char v[16]; } deck; typedef unsigned int uint; uint n, d, best[16]; void tryswaps(deck *a, uint f, uint s) { # define A a->v # define B b.v if (d > best[n]) best[n] = d; while (1) { if ((A[s] == s || (A[s] == -1 && !(f & 1U << s))) && (d + best[s] >= best[n] || A[s] == -1)) break; if (d + best[s] <= best[n]) return; if (!--s) return; } d++; deck b = *a; for (uint i = 1, k = 2; i <= s; k <<= 1, i++) { if (A[i] != i && (A[i] != -1 || (f & k))) continue; for (uint j = B[0] = i; j--;) B[i - j] = A[j]; tryswaps(&b, f | k, s); } d--; } int main(void) { deck x; memset(&x, -1, sizeof(x)); x.v[0] = 0; for (n = 1; n < 13; n++) { tryswaps(&x, 1, n - 1); printf("%2d: %d\n", n, best[n]); } return 0; }
Port the following code from Go to C with equivalent syntax and logic.
package main import ( "bufio" "fmt" "os" "strconv" "strings" ) func main() { units := []string{ "tochka", "liniya", "dyuim", "vershok", "piad", "fut", "arshin", "sazhen", "versta", "milia", "centimeter", "meter", "kilometer", } convs := []float32{ 0.0254, 0.254, 2.54, 4.445, 17.78, 30.48, 71.12, 213.36, 10668, 74676, 1, 100, 10000, } scanner := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin) for { for i, u := range units { fmt.Printf("%2d %s\n", i+1, u) } fmt.Println() var unit int var err error for { fmt.Print("Please choose a unit 1 to 13 : ") scanner.Scan() unit, err = strconv.Atoi(scanner.Text()) if err == nil && unit >= 1 && unit <= 13 { break } } unit-- var value float64 for { fmt.Print("Now enter a value in that unit : ") scanner.Scan() value, err = strconv.ParseFloat(scanner.Text(), 32) if err == nil && value >= 0 { break } } fmt.Println("\nThe equivalent in the remaining units is:\n") for i, u := range units { if i == unit { continue } fmt.Printf(" %10s : %g\n", u, float32(value)*convs[unit]/convs[i]) } fmt.Println() yn := "" for yn != "y" && yn != "n" { fmt.Print("Do another one y/n : ") scanner.Scan() yn = strings.ToLower(scanner.Text()) } if yn == "n" { return } } }
#include<string.h> #include<stdlib.h> #include<ctype.h> #include<stdio.h> #define UNITS_LENGTH 13 int main(int argC,char* argV[]) { int i,reference; char *units[UNITS_LENGTH] = {"kilometer","meter","centimeter","tochka","liniya","diuym","vershok","piad","fut","arshin","sazhen","versta","milia"}; double factor, values[UNITS_LENGTH] = {1000.0,1.0,0.01,0.000254,0.00254,0.0254,0.04445,0.1778,0.3048,0.7112,2.1336,1066.8,7467.6}; if(argC!=3) printf("Usage : %s followed by length as <value> <unit>"); else{ for(i=0;argV[2][i]!=00;i++) argV[2][i] = tolower(argV[2][i]); for(i=0;i<UNITS_LENGTH;i++){ if(strstr(argV[2],units[i])!=NULL){ reference = i; factor = atof(argV[1])*values[i]; break; } } printf("%s %s is equal in length to : \n",argV[1],argV[2]); for(i=0;i<UNITS_LENGTH;i++){ if(i!=reference) printf("\n%lf %s",factor/values[i],units[i]); } } return 0; }
Keep all operations the same but rewrite the snippet in C.
package main import ( "fmt" "math/rand" "time" ) type rateStateS struct { lastFlush time.Time period time.Duration tickCount int } func ticRate(pRate *rateStateS) { pRate.tickCount++ now := time.Now() if now.Sub(pRate.lastFlush) >= pRate.period { tps := 0. if pRate.tickCount > 0 { tps = float64(pRate.tickCount) / now.Sub(pRate.lastFlush).Seconds() } fmt.Println(tps, "tics per second.") pRate.tickCount = 0 pRate.lastFlush = now } } func somethingWeDo() { time.Sleep(time.Duration(9e7 + rand.Int63n(2e7))) } func main() { start := time.Now() rateWatch := rateStateS{ lastFlush: start, period: 5 * time.Second, } latest := start for latest.Sub(start) < 20*time.Second { somethingWeDo() ticRate(&rateWatch) latest = time.Now() } }
#include <stdio.h> #include <time.h> struct rate_state_s { time_t lastFlush; time_t period; size_t tickCount; }; void tic_rate(struct rate_state_s* pRate) { pRate->tickCount += 1; time_t now = time(NULL); if((now - pRate->lastFlush) >= pRate->period) { size_t tps = 0.0; if(pRate->tickCount > 0) tps = pRate->tickCount / (now - pRate->lastFlush); printf("%u tics per second.\n", tps); pRate->tickCount = 0; pRate->lastFlush = now; } } void something_we_do() { volatile size_t anchor = 0; size_t x = 0; for(x = 0; x < 0xffff; ++x) { anchor = x; } } int main() { time_t start = time(NULL); struct rate_state_s rateWatch; rateWatch.lastFlush = start; rateWatch.tickCount = 0; rateWatch.period = 5; time_t latest = start; for(latest = start; (latest - start) < 20; latest = time(NULL)) { something_we_do(); tic_rate(&rateWatch); } return 0; }
Please provide an equivalent version of this Go code in C.
package main import "fmt" func countDivisors(n int) int { count := 0 for i := 1; i*i <= n; i++ { if n%i == 0 { if i == n/i { count++ } else { count += 2 } } } return count } func main() { const max = 15 fmt.Println("The first", max, "terms of the sequence are:") for i, next := 1, 1; next <= max; i++ { if next == countDivisors(i) { fmt.Printf("%d ", i) next++ } } fmt.Println() }
#include <stdio.h> #define MAX 15 int count_divisors(int n) { int i, count = 0; for (i = 1; i * i <= n; ++i) { if (!(n % i)) { if (i == n / i) count++; else count += 2; } } return count; } int main() { int i, next = 1; printf("The first %d terms of the sequence are:\n", MAX); for (i = 1; next <= MAX; ++i) { if (next == count_divisors(i)) { printf("%d ", i); next++; } } printf("\n"); return 0; }
Translate the given Go code snippet into C without altering its behavior.
package main import ( "fmt" "math" "math/big" "strings" ) func padovanRecur(n int) []int { p := make([]int, n) p[0], p[1], p[2] = 1, 1, 1 for i := 3; i < n; i++ { p[i] = p[i-2] + p[i-3] } return p } func padovanFloor(n int) []int { var p, s, t, u = new(big.Rat), new(big.Rat), new(big.Rat), new(big.Rat) p, _ = p.SetString("1.324717957244746025960908854") s, _ = s.SetString("1.0453567932525329623") f := make([]int, n) pow := new(big.Rat).SetInt64(1) u = u.SetFrac64(1, 2) t.Quo(pow, p) t.Quo(t, s) t.Add(t, u) v, _ := t.Float64() f[0] = int(math.Floor(v)) for i := 1; i < n; i++ { t.Quo(pow, s) t.Add(t, u) v, _ = t.Float64() f[i] = int(math.Floor(v)) pow.Mul(pow, p) } return f } type LSystem struct { rules map[string]string init, current string } func step(lsys *LSystem) string { var sb strings.Builder if lsys.current == "" { lsys.current = lsys.init } else { for _, c := range lsys.current { sb.WriteString(lsys.rules[string(c)]) } lsys.current = sb.String() } return lsys.current } func padovanLSys(n int) []string { rules := map[string]string{"A": "B", "B": "C", "C": "AB"} lsys := &LSystem{rules, "A", ""} p := make([]string, n) for i := 0; i < n; i++ { p[i] = step(lsys) } return p } func areSame(l1, l2 []int) bool { for i := 0; i < len(l1); i++ { if l1[i] != l2[i] { return false } } return true } func main() { fmt.Println("First 20 members of the Padovan sequence:") fmt.Println(padovanRecur(20)) recur := padovanRecur(64) floor := padovanFloor(64) same := areSame(recur, floor) s := "give" if !same { s = "do not give" } fmt.Println("\nThe recurrence and floor based functions", s, "the same results for 64 terms.") p := padovanLSys(32) lsyst := make([]int, 32) for i := 0; i < 32; i++ { lsyst[i] = len(p[i]) } fmt.Println("\nFirst 10 members of the Padovan L-System:") fmt.Println(p[:10]) fmt.Println("\nand their lengths:") fmt.Println(lsyst[:10]) same = areSame(recur[:32], lsyst) s = "give" if !same { s = "do not give" } fmt.Println("\nThe recurrence and L-system based functions", s, "the same results for 32 terms.")
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <math.h> #include <string.h> int pRec(int n) { static int *memo = NULL; static size_t curSize = 0; if (curSize <= (size_t) n) { size_t lastSize = curSize; while (curSize <= (size_t) n) curSize += 1024 * sizeof(int); memo = realloc(memo, curSize * sizeof(int)); memset(memo + lastSize, 0, (curSize - lastSize) * sizeof(int)); } if (memo[n] == 0) { if (n<=2) memo[n] = 1; else memo[n] = pRec(n-2) + pRec(n-3); } return memo[n]; } int pFloor(int n) { long double p = 1.324717957244746025960908854; long double s = 1.0453567932525329623; return powl(p, n-1)/s + 0.5; } void nextLSystem(const char *prev, char *buf) { while (*prev) { switch (*prev++) { case 'A': *buf++ = 'B'; break; case 'B': *buf++ = 'C'; break; case 'C': *buf++ = 'A'; *buf++ = 'B'; break; } } *buf = '\0'; } int main() { #define BUFSZ 8192 char buf1[BUFSZ], buf2[BUFSZ]; int i; printf("P_0 .. P_19: "); for (i=0; i<20; i++) printf("%d ", pRec(i)); printf("\n"); printf("The floor- and recurrence-based functions "); for (i=0; i<64; i++) { if (pRec(i) != pFloor(i)) { printf("do not match at %d: %d != %d.\n", i, pRec(i), pFloor(i)); break; } } if (i == 64) { printf("match from P_0 to P_63.\n"); } printf("\nThe first 10 L-system strings are:\n"); for (strcpy(buf1, "A"), i=0; i<10; i++) { printf("%s\n", buf1); strcpy(buf2, buf1); nextLSystem(buf2, buf1); } printf("\nThe floor- and L-system-based functions "); for (strcpy(buf1, "A"), i=0; i<32; i++) { if ((int)strlen(buf1) != pFloor(i)) { printf("do not match at %d: %d != %d\n", i, (int)strlen(buf1), pFloor(i)); break; } strcpy(buf2, buf1); nextLSystem(buf2, buf1); } if (i == 32) { printf("match from P_0 to P_31.\n"); } return 0; }
Please provide an equivalent version of this Go code in C.
package main import ( "fmt" "math" "math/big" "strings" ) func padovanRecur(n int) []int { p := make([]int, n) p[0], p[1], p[2] = 1, 1, 1 for i := 3; i < n; i++ { p[i] = p[i-2] + p[i-3] } return p } func padovanFloor(n int) []int { var p, s, t, u = new(big.Rat), new(big.Rat), new(big.Rat), new(big.Rat) p, _ = p.SetString("1.324717957244746025960908854") s, _ = s.SetString("1.0453567932525329623") f := make([]int, n) pow := new(big.Rat).SetInt64(1) u = u.SetFrac64(1, 2) t.Quo(pow, p) t.Quo(t, s) t.Add(t, u) v, _ := t.Float64() f[0] = int(math.Floor(v)) for i := 1; i < n; i++ { t.Quo(pow, s) t.Add(t, u) v, _ = t.Float64() f[i] = int(math.Floor(v)) pow.Mul(pow, p) } return f } type LSystem struct { rules map[string]string init, current string } func step(lsys *LSystem) string { var sb strings.Builder if lsys.current == "" { lsys.current = lsys.init } else { for _, c := range lsys.current { sb.WriteString(lsys.rules[string(c)]) } lsys.current = sb.String() } return lsys.current } func padovanLSys(n int) []string { rules := map[string]string{"A": "B", "B": "C", "C": "AB"} lsys := &LSystem{rules, "A", ""} p := make([]string, n) for i := 0; i < n; i++ { p[i] = step(lsys) } return p } func areSame(l1, l2 []int) bool { for i := 0; i < len(l1); i++ { if l1[i] != l2[i] { return false } } return true } func main() { fmt.Println("First 20 members of the Padovan sequence:") fmt.Println(padovanRecur(20)) recur := padovanRecur(64) floor := padovanFloor(64) same := areSame(recur, floor) s := "give" if !same { s = "do not give" } fmt.Println("\nThe recurrence and floor based functions", s, "the same results for 64 terms.") p := padovanLSys(32) lsyst := make([]int, 32) for i := 0; i < 32; i++ { lsyst[i] = len(p[i]) } fmt.Println("\nFirst 10 members of the Padovan L-System:") fmt.Println(p[:10]) fmt.Println("\nand their lengths:") fmt.Println(lsyst[:10]) same = areSame(recur[:32], lsyst) s = "give" if !same { s = "do not give" } fmt.Println("\nThe recurrence and L-system based functions", s, "the same results for 32 terms.")
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <math.h> #include <string.h> int pRec(int n) { static int *memo = NULL; static size_t curSize = 0; if (curSize <= (size_t) n) { size_t lastSize = curSize; while (curSize <= (size_t) n) curSize += 1024 * sizeof(int); memo = realloc(memo, curSize * sizeof(int)); memset(memo + lastSize, 0, (curSize - lastSize) * sizeof(int)); } if (memo[n] == 0) { if (n<=2) memo[n] = 1; else memo[n] = pRec(n-2) + pRec(n-3); } return memo[n]; } int pFloor(int n) { long double p = 1.324717957244746025960908854; long double s = 1.0453567932525329623; return powl(p, n-1)/s + 0.5; } void nextLSystem(const char *prev, char *buf) { while (*prev) { switch (*prev++) { case 'A': *buf++ = 'B'; break; case 'B': *buf++ = 'C'; break; case 'C': *buf++ = 'A'; *buf++ = 'B'; break; } } *buf = '\0'; } int main() { #define BUFSZ 8192 char buf1[BUFSZ], buf2[BUFSZ]; int i; printf("P_0 .. P_19: "); for (i=0; i<20; i++) printf("%d ", pRec(i)); printf("\n"); printf("The floor- and recurrence-based functions "); for (i=0; i<64; i++) { if (pRec(i) != pFloor(i)) { printf("do not match at %d: %d != %d.\n", i, pRec(i), pFloor(i)); break; } } if (i == 64) { printf("match from P_0 to P_63.\n"); } printf("\nThe first 10 L-system strings are:\n"); for (strcpy(buf1, "A"), i=0; i<10; i++) { printf("%s\n", buf1); strcpy(buf2, buf1); nextLSystem(buf2, buf1); } printf("\nThe floor- and L-system-based functions "); for (strcpy(buf1, "A"), i=0; i<32; i++) { if ((int)strlen(buf1) != pFloor(i)) { printf("do not match at %d: %d != %d\n", i, (int)strlen(buf1), pFloor(i)); break; } strcpy(buf2, buf1); nextLSystem(buf2, buf1); } if (i == 32) { printf("match from P_0 to P_31.\n"); } return 0; }
Port the following code from Go to C with equivalent syntax and logic.
package main import ( "image" "image/color" "image/draw" "image/png" "log" "os" ) const ( width, height = 800, 600 maxDepth = 11 colFactor = uint8(255 / maxDepth) fileName = "pythagorasTree.png" ) func main() { img := image.NewNRGBA(image.Rect(0, 0, width, height)) bg := image.NewUniform(color.RGBA{255, 255, 255, 255}) draw.Draw(img, img.Bounds(), bg, image.ZP, draw.Src) drawSquares(340, 550, 460, 550, img, 0) imgFile, err := os.Create(fileName) if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } defer imgFile.Close() if err := png.Encode(imgFile, img); err != nil { imgFile.Close() log.Fatal(err) } } func drawSquares(ax, ay, bx, by int, img *image.NRGBA, depth int) { if depth > maxDepth { return } dx, dy := bx-ax, ay-by x3, y3 := bx-dy, by-dx x4, y4 := ax-dy, ay-dx x5, y5 := x4+(dx-dy)/2, y4-(dx+dy)/2 col := color.RGBA{0, uint8(depth) * colFactor, 0, 255} drawLine(ax, ay, bx, by, img, col) drawLine(bx, by, x3, y3, img, col) drawLine(x3, y3, x4, y4, img, col) drawLine(x4, y4, ax, ay, img, col) drawSquares(x4, y4, x5, y5, img, depth+1) drawSquares(x5, y5, x3, y3, img, depth+1) } func drawLine(x0, y0, x1, y1 int, img *image.NRGBA, col color.RGBA) { dx := abs(x1 - x0) dy := abs(y1 - y0) var sx, sy int = -1, -1 if x0 < x1 { sx = 1 } if y0 < y1 { sy = 1 } err := dx - dy for { img.Set(x0, y0, col) if x0 == x1 && y0 == y1 { break } e2 := 2 * err if e2 > -dy { err -= dy x0 += sx } if e2 < dx { err += dx y0 += sy } } } func abs(x int) int { if x < 0 { return -x } return x }
#include<graphics.h> #include<stdlib.h> #include<stdio.h> #include<time.h> typedef struct{ double x,y; }point; void pythagorasTree(point a,point b,int times){ point c,d,e; c.x = b.x - (a.y - b.y); c.y = b.y - (b.x - a.x); d.x = a.x - (a.y - b.y); d.y = a.y - (b.x - a.x); e.x = d.x + ( b.x - a.x - (a.y - b.y) ) / 2; e.y = d.y - ( b.x - a.x + a.y - b.y ) / 2; if(times>0){ setcolor(rand()%15 + 1); line(a.x,a.y,b.x,b.y); line(c.x,c.y,b.x,b.y); line(c.x,c.y,d.x,d.y); line(a.x,a.y,d.x,d.y); pythagorasTree(d,e,times-1); pythagorasTree(e,c,times-1); } } int main(){ point a,b; double side; int iter; time_t t; printf("Enter initial side length : "); scanf("%lf",&side); printf("Enter number of iterations : "); scanf("%d",&iter); a.x = 6*side/2 - side/2; a.y = 4*side; b.x = 6*side/2 + side/2; b.y = 4*side; initwindow(6*side,4*side,"Pythagoras Tree ?"); srand((unsigned)time(&t)); pythagorasTree(a,b,iter); getch(); closegraph(); return 0; }
Produce a language-to-language conversion: from Go to C, same semantics.
package main import ( "bytes" "fmt" "io" "os" "unicode" ) func main() { owp(os.Stdout, bytes.NewBufferString("what,is,the;meaning,of:life.")) fmt.Println() owp(os.Stdout, bytes.NewBufferString("we,are;not,in,kansas;any,more.")) fmt.Println() } func owp(dst io.Writer, src io.Reader) { byte_in := func () byte { bs := make([]byte, 1) src.Read(bs) return bs[0] } byte_out := func (b byte) { dst.Write([]byte{b}) } var odd func() byte odd = func() byte { s := byte_in() if unicode.IsPunct(rune(s)) { return s } b := odd() byte_out(s) return b } for { for { b := byte_in() byte_out(b) if b == '.' { return } if unicode.IsPunct(rune(b)) { break } } b := odd() byte_out(b) if b == '.' { return } } }
#include <stdio.h> #include <ctype.h> static int owp(int odd) { int ch, ret; ch = getc(stdin); if (!odd) { putc(ch, stdout); if (ch == EOF || ch == '.') return EOF; if (ispunct(ch)) return 0; owp(odd); return 0; } else { if (ispunct(ch)) return ch; ret = owp(odd); putc(ch, stdout); return ret; } } int main(int argc, char **argv) { int ch = 1; while ((ch = owp(!ch)) != EOF) { if (ch) putc(ch, stdout); if (ch == '.') break; } return 0; }
Change the following Go code into C without altering its purpose.
package main import ( "fmt" "log" "math" ) var a1 = []int64{0, 1403580, -810728} var a2 = []int64{527612, 0, -1370589} const m1 = int64((1 << 32) - 209) const m2 = int64((1 << 32) - 22853) const d = m1 + 1 func mod(x, y int64) int64 { m := x % y if m < 0 { if y < 0 { return m - y } else { return m + y } } return m } type MRG32k3a struct{ x1, x2 [3]int64 } func MRG32k3aNew() *MRG32k3a { return &MRG32k3a{} } func (mrg *MRG32k3a) seed(seedState int64) { if seedState <= 0 || seedState >= d { log.Fatalf("Argument must be in the range [0, %d].\n", d) } mrg.x1 = [3]int64{seedState, 0, 0} mrg.x2 = [3]int64{seedState, 0, 0} } func (mrg *MRG32k3a) nextInt() int64 { x1i := mod(a1[0]*mrg.x1[0]+a1[1]*mrg.x1[1]+a1[2]*mrg.x1[2], m1) x2i := mod(a2[0]*mrg.x2[0]+a2[1]*mrg.x2[1]+a2[2]*mrg.x2[2], m2) mrg.x1 = [3]int64{x1i, mrg.x1[0], mrg.x1[1]} mrg.x2 = [3]int64{x2i, mrg.x2[0], mrg.x2[1]} return mod(x1i-x2i, m1) + 1 } func (mrg *MRG32k3a) nextFloat() float64 { return float64(mrg.nextInt()) / float64(d) } func main() { randomGen := MRG32k3aNew() randomGen.seed(1234567) for i := 0; i < 5; i++ { fmt.Println(randomGen.nextInt()) } var counts [5]int randomGen.seed(987654321) for i := 0; i < 1e5; i++ { j := int(math.Floor(randomGen.nextFloat() * 5)) counts[j]++ } fmt.Println("\nThe counts for 100,000 repetitions are:") for i := 0; i < 5; i++ { fmt.Printf(" %d : %d\n", i, counts[i]) } }
#include <math.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdint.h> int64_t mod(int64_t x, int64_t y) { int64_t m = x % y; if (m < 0) { if (y < 0) { return m - y; } else { return m + y; } } return m; } const static int64_t a1[3] = { 0, 1403580, -810728 }; const static int64_t m1 = (1LL << 32) - 209; const static int64_t a2[3] = { 527612, 0, -1370589 }; const static int64_t m2 = (1LL << 32) - 22853; const static int64_t d = (1LL << 32) - 209 + 1; static int64_t x1[3]; static int64_t x2[3]; void seed(int64_t seed_state) { x1[0] = seed_state; x1[1] = 0; x1[2] = 0; x2[0] = seed_state; x2[1] = 0; x2[2] = 0; } int64_t next_int() { int64_t x1i = mod((a1[0] * x1[0] + a1[1] * x1[1] + a1[2] * x1[2]), m1); int64_t x2i = mod((a2[0] * x2[0] + a2[1] * x2[1] + a2[2] * x2[2]), m2); int64_t z = mod(x1i - x2i, m1); x1[2] = x1[1]; x1[1] = x1[0]; x1[0] = x1i; x2[2] = x2[1]; x2[1] = x2[0]; x2[0] = x2i; return z + 1; } double next_float() { return (double)next_int() / d; } int main() { int counts[5] = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }; int i; seed(1234567); printf("%lld\n", next_int()); printf("%lld\n", next_int()); printf("%lld\n", next_int()); printf("%lld\n", next_int()); printf("%lld\n", next_int()); printf("\n"); seed(987654321); for (i = 0; i < 100000; i++) { int64_t value = floor(next_float() * 5); counts[value]++; } for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) { printf("%d: %d\n", i, counts[i]); } return 0; }
Write the same algorithm in C as shown in this Go implementation.
package main import ( "fmt" "rcu" "strconv" ) func isColorful(n int) bool { if n < 0 { return false } if n < 10 { return true } digits := rcu.Digits(n, 10) for _, d := range digits { if d == 0 || d == 1 { return false } } set := make(map[int]bool) for _, d := range digits { set[d] = true } dc := len(digits) if len(set) < dc { return false } for k := 2; k <= dc; k++ { for i := 0; i <= dc-k; i++ { prod := 1 for j := i; j <= i+k-1; j++ { prod *= digits[j] } if ok := set[prod]; ok { return false } set[prod] = true } } return true } var count = make([]int, 9) var used = make([]bool, 11) var largest = 0 func countColorful(taken int, n string) { if taken == 0 { for digit := 0; digit < 10; digit++ { dx := digit + 1 used[dx] = true t := 1 if digit < 2 { t = 9 } countColorful(t, string(digit+48)) used[dx] = false } } else { nn, _ := strconv.Atoi(n) if isColorful(nn) { ln := len(n) count[ln]++ if nn > largest { largest = nn } } if taken < 9 { for digit := 2; digit < 10; digit++ { dx := digit + 1 if !used[dx] { used[dx] = true countColorful(taken+1, n+string(digit+48)) used[dx] = false } } } } } func main() { var cn []int for i := 0; i < 100; i++ { if isColorful(i) { cn = append(cn, i) } } fmt.Println("The", len(cn), "colorful numbers less than 100 are:") for i := 0; i < len(cn); i++ { fmt.Printf("%2d ", cn[i]) if (i+1)%10 == 0 { fmt.Println() } } countColorful(0, "") fmt.Println("\n\nThe largest possible colorful number is:") fmt.Println(rcu.Commatize(largest)) fmt.Println("\nCount of colorful numbers for each order of magnitude:") pow := 10 for dc := 1; dc < len(count); dc++ { cdc := rcu.Commatize(count[dc]) pc := 100 * float64(count[dc]) / float64(pow) fmt.Printf(" %d digit colorful number count: %6s - %7.3f%%\n", dc, cdc, pc) if pow == 10 { pow = 90 } else { pow *= 10 } } sum := 0 for _, c := range count { sum += c } fmt.Printf("\nTotal colorful numbers: %s\n", rcu.Commatize(sum)) }
#include <locale.h> #include <stdbool.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <time.h> bool colorful(int n) { if (n < 0 || n > 98765432) return false; int digit_count[10] = {}; int digits[8] = {}; int num_digits = 0; for (int m = n; m > 0; m /= 10) { int d = m % 10; if (n > 9 && (d == 0 || d == 1)) return false; if (++digit_count[d] > 1) return false; digits[num_digits++] = d; } int products[36] = {}; for (int i = 0, product_count = 0; i < num_digits; ++i) { for (int j = i, p = 1; j < num_digits; ++j) { p *= digits[j]; for (int k = 0; k < product_count; ++k) { if (products[k] == p) return false; } products[product_count++] = p; } } return true; } static int count[8]; static bool used[10]; static int largest = 0; void count_colorful(int taken, int n, int digits) { if (taken == 0) { for (int d = 0; d < 10; ++d) { used[d] = true; count_colorful(d < 2 ? 9 : 1, d, 1); used[d] = false; } } else { if (colorful(n)) { ++count[digits - 1]; if (n > largest) largest = n; } if (taken < 9) { for (int d = 2; d < 10; ++d) { if (!used[d]) { used[d] = true; count_colorful(taken + 1, n * 10 + d, digits + 1); used[d] = false; } } } } } int main() { setlocale(LC_ALL, ""); clock_t start = clock(); printf("Colorful numbers less than 100:\n"); for (int n = 0, count = 0; n < 100; ++n) { if (colorful(n)) printf("%2d%c", n, ++count % 10 == 0 ? '\n' : ' '); } count_colorful(0, 0, 0); printf("\n\nLargest colorful number: %'d\n", largest); printf("\nCount of colorful numbers by number of digits:\n"); int total = 0; for (int d = 0; d < 8; ++d) { printf("%d  %'d\n", d + 1, count[d]); total += count[d]; } printf("\nTotal: %'d\n", total); clock_t end = clock(); printf("\nElapsed time: %f seconds\n", (end - start + 0.0) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC); return 0; }
Produce a language-to-language conversion: from Go to C, same semantics.
package main import ( "fmt" "rcu" "strconv" ) func isColorful(n int) bool { if n < 0 { return false } if n < 10 { return true } digits := rcu.Digits(n, 10) for _, d := range digits { if d == 0 || d == 1 { return false } } set := make(map[int]bool) for _, d := range digits { set[d] = true } dc := len(digits) if len(set) < dc { return false } for k := 2; k <= dc; k++ { for i := 0; i <= dc-k; i++ { prod := 1 for j := i; j <= i+k-1; j++ { prod *= digits[j] } if ok := set[prod]; ok { return false } set[prod] = true } } return true } var count = make([]int, 9) var used = make([]bool, 11) var largest = 0 func countColorful(taken int, n string) { if taken == 0 { for digit := 0; digit < 10; digit++ { dx := digit + 1 used[dx] = true t := 1 if digit < 2 { t = 9 } countColorful(t, string(digit+48)) used[dx] = false } } else { nn, _ := strconv.Atoi(n) if isColorful(nn) { ln := len(n) count[ln]++ if nn > largest { largest = nn } } if taken < 9 { for digit := 2; digit < 10; digit++ { dx := digit + 1 if !used[dx] { used[dx] = true countColorful(taken+1, n+string(digit+48)) used[dx] = false } } } } } func main() { var cn []int for i := 0; i < 100; i++ { if isColorful(i) { cn = append(cn, i) } } fmt.Println("The", len(cn), "colorful numbers less than 100 are:") for i := 0; i < len(cn); i++ { fmt.Printf("%2d ", cn[i]) if (i+1)%10 == 0 { fmt.Println() } } countColorful(0, "") fmt.Println("\n\nThe largest possible colorful number is:") fmt.Println(rcu.Commatize(largest)) fmt.Println("\nCount of colorful numbers for each order of magnitude:") pow := 10 for dc := 1; dc < len(count); dc++ { cdc := rcu.Commatize(count[dc]) pc := 100 * float64(count[dc]) / float64(pow) fmt.Printf(" %d digit colorful number count: %6s - %7.3f%%\n", dc, cdc, pc) if pow == 10 { pow = 90 } else { pow *= 10 } } sum := 0 for _, c := range count { sum += c } fmt.Printf("\nTotal colorful numbers: %s\n", rcu.Commatize(sum)) }
#include <locale.h> #include <stdbool.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <time.h> bool colorful(int n) { if (n < 0 || n > 98765432) return false; int digit_count[10] = {}; int digits[8] = {}; int num_digits = 0; for (int m = n; m > 0; m /= 10) { int d = m % 10; if (n > 9 && (d == 0 || d == 1)) return false; if (++digit_count[d] > 1) return false; digits[num_digits++] = d; } int products[36] = {}; for (int i = 0, product_count = 0; i < num_digits; ++i) { for (int j = i, p = 1; j < num_digits; ++j) { p *= digits[j]; for (int k = 0; k < product_count; ++k) { if (products[k] == p) return false; } products[product_count++] = p; } } return true; } static int count[8]; static bool used[10]; static int largest = 0; void count_colorful(int taken, int n, int digits) { if (taken == 0) { for (int d = 0; d < 10; ++d) { used[d] = true; count_colorful(d < 2 ? 9 : 1, d, 1); used[d] = false; } } else { if (colorful(n)) { ++count[digits - 1]; if (n > largest) largest = n; } if (taken < 9) { for (int d = 2; d < 10; ++d) { if (!used[d]) { used[d] = true; count_colorful(taken + 1, n * 10 + d, digits + 1); used[d] = false; } } } } } int main() { setlocale(LC_ALL, ""); clock_t start = clock(); printf("Colorful numbers less than 100:\n"); for (int n = 0, count = 0; n < 100; ++n) { if (colorful(n)) printf("%2d%c", n, ++count % 10 == 0 ? '\n' : ' '); } count_colorful(0, 0, 0); printf("\n\nLargest colorful number: %'d\n", largest); printf("\nCount of colorful numbers by number of digits:\n"); int total = 0; for (int d = 0; d < 8; ++d) { printf("%d  %'d\n", d + 1, count[d]); total += count[d]; } printf("\nTotal: %'d\n", total); clock_t end = clock(); printf("\nElapsed time: %f seconds\n", (end - start + 0.0) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC); return 0; }
Write the same algorithm in C as shown in this Go implementation.
package main import ( "fmt" "html" "io/ioutil" "net/http" "regexp" "strings" "time" ) func main() { ex := `<li><a href="/wiki/(.*?)"` re := regexp.MustCompile(ex) page := "http: resp, _ := http.Get(page) body, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body) matches := re.FindAllStringSubmatch(string(body), -1) resp.Body.Close() tasks := make([]string, len(matches)) for i, match := range matches { tasks[i] = match[1] } const base = "http: const limit = 3 ex = `(?s)using any language you may know.</div>(.*?)<div id="toc"` ex2 := `</?[^>]*>` re = regexp.MustCompile(ex) re2 := regexp.MustCompile(ex2) for i, task := range tasks { page = base + task resp, _ = http.Get(page) body, _ = ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body) match := re.FindStringSubmatch(string(body)) resp.Body.Close() text := html.UnescapeString(re2.ReplaceAllLiteralString(match[1], "")) fmt.Println(strings.Replace(task, "_", " ", -1), "\n", text) if i == limit-1 { break } time.Sleep(5 * time.Second) } }
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <curl/curl.h> #include "wren.h" struct MemoryStruct { char *memory; size_t size; }; static size_t WriteMemoryCallback(void *contents, size_t size, size_t nmemb, void *userp) { size_t realsize = size * nmemb; struct MemoryStruct *mem = (struct MemoryStruct *)userp; char *ptr = realloc(mem->memory, mem->size + realsize + 1); if(!ptr) { printf("not enough memory (realloc returned NULL)\n"); return 0; } mem->memory = ptr; memcpy(&(mem->memory[mem->size]), contents, realsize); mem->size += realsize; mem->memory[mem->size] = 0; return realsize; } void C_bufferAllocate(WrenVM* vm) { struct MemoryStruct *ms = (struct MemoryStruct *)wrenSetSlotNewForeign(vm, 0, 0, sizeof(struct MemoryStruct)); ms->memory = malloc(1); ms->size = 0; } void C_bufferFinalize(void* data) { struct MemoryStruct *ms = (struct MemoryStruct *)data; free(ms->memory); } void C_curlAllocate(WrenVM* vm) { CURL** pcurl = (CURL**)wrenSetSlotNewForeign(vm, 0, 0, sizeof(CURL*)); *pcurl = curl_easy_init(); } void C_value(WrenVM* vm) { struct MemoryStruct *ms = (struct MemoryStruct *)wrenGetSlotForeign(vm, 0); wrenSetSlotString(vm, 0, ms->memory); } void C_easyPerform(WrenVM* vm) { CURL* curl = *(CURL**)wrenGetSlotForeign(vm, 0); curl_easy_perform(curl); } void C_easyCleanup(WrenVM* vm) { CURL* curl = *(CURL**)wrenGetSlotForeign(vm, 0); curl_easy_cleanup(curl); } void C_easySetOpt(WrenVM* vm) { CURL* curl = *(CURL**)wrenGetSlotForeign(vm, 0); CURLoption opt = (CURLoption)wrenGetSlotDouble(vm, 1); if (opt < 10000) { long lparam = (long)wrenGetSlotDouble(vm, 2); curl_easy_setopt(curl, opt, lparam); } else if (opt < 20000) { if (opt == CURLOPT_WRITEDATA) { struct MemoryStruct *ms = (struct MemoryStruct *)wrenGetSlotForeign(vm, 2); curl_easy_setopt(curl, opt, (void *)ms); } else if (opt == CURLOPT_URL) { const char *url = wrenGetSlotString(vm, 2); curl_easy_setopt(curl, opt, url); } } else if (opt < 30000) { if (opt == CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION) { curl_easy_setopt(curl, opt, &WriteMemoryCallback); } } } WrenForeignClassMethods bindForeignClass(WrenVM* vm, const char* module, const char* className) { WrenForeignClassMethods methods; methods.allocate = NULL; methods.finalize = NULL; if (strcmp(module, "main") == 0) { if (strcmp(className, "Buffer") == 0) { methods.allocate = C_bufferAllocate; methods.finalize = C_bufferFinalize; } else if (strcmp(className, "Curl") == 0) { methods.allocate = C_curlAllocate; } } return methods; } WrenForeignMethodFn bindForeignMethod( WrenVM* vm, const char* module, const char* className, bool isStatic, const char* signature) { if (strcmp(module, "main") == 0) { if (strcmp(className, "Buffer") == 0) { if (!isStatic && strcmp(signature, "value") == 0) return C_value; } else if (strcmp(className, "Curl") == 0) { if (!isStatic && strcmp(signature, "easySetOpt(_,_)") == 0) return C_easySetOpt; if (!isStatic && strcmp(signature, "easyPerform()") == 0) return C_easyPerform; if (!isStatic && strcmp(signature, "easyCleanup()") == 0) return C_easyCleanup; } } return NULL; } static void writeFn(WrenVM* vm, const char* text) { printf("%s", text); } void errorFn(WrenVM* vm, WrenErrorType errorType, const char* module, const int line, const char* msg) { switch (errorType) { case WREN_ERROR_COMPILE: printf("[%s line %d] [Error] %s\n", module, line, msg); break; case WREN_ERROR_STACK_TRACE: printf("[%s line %d] in %s\n", module, line, msg); break; case WREN_ERROR_RUNTIME: printf("[Runtime Error] %s\n", msg); break; } } char *readFile(const char *fileName) { FILE *f = fopen(fileName, "r"); fseek(f, 0, SEEK_END); long fsize = ftell(f); rewind(f); char *script = malloc(fsize + 1); fread(script, 1, fsize, f); fclose(f); script[fsize] = 0; return script; } static void loadModuleComplete(WrenVM* vm, const char* module, WrenLoadModuleResult result) { if( result.source) free((void*)result.source); } WrenLoadModuleResult loadModule(WrenVM* vm, const char* name) { WrenLoadModuleResult result = {0}; if (strcmp(name, "random") != 0 && strcmp(name, "meta") != 0) { result.onComplete = loadModuleComplete; char fullName[strlen(name) + 6]; strcpy(fullName, name); strcat(fullName, ".wren"); result.source = readFile(fullName); } return result; } int main(int argc, char **argv) { WrenConfiguration config; wrenInitConfiguration(&config); config.writeFn = &writeFn; config.errorFn = &errorFn; config.bindForeignClassFn = &bindForeignClass; config.bindForeignMethodFn = &bindForeignMethod; config.loadModuleFn = &loadModule; WrenVM* vm = wrenNewVM(&config); const char* module = "main"; const char* fileName = "rc_tasks_without_examples.wren"; char *script = readFile(fileName); WrenInterpretResult result = wrenInterpret(vm, module, script); switch (result) { case WREN_RESULT_COMPILE_ERROR: printf("Compile Error!\n"); break; case WREN_RESULT_RUNTIME_ERROR: printf("Runtime Error!\n"); break; case WREN_RESULT_SUCCESS: break; } wrenFreeVM(vm); free(script); return 0; }
Maintain the same structure and functionality when rewriting this code in C.
package main import ( "fmt" "log" "math" "time" ) const layout = "2006-01-02" var cycles = [3]string{"Physical day ", "Emotional day", "Mental day "} var lengths = [3]int{23, 28, 33} var quadrants = [4][2]string{ {"up and rising", "peak"}, {"up but falling", "transition"}, {"down and falling", "valley"}, {"down but rising", "transition"}, } func check(err error) { if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } } func biorhythms(birthDate, targetDate string) { bd, err := time.Parse(layout, birthDate) check(err) td, err := time.Parse(layout, targetDate) check(err) days := int(td.Sub(bd).Hours() / 24) fmt.Printf("Born %s, Target %s\n", birthDate, targetDate) fmt.Println("Day", days) for i := 0; i < 3; i++ { length := lengths[i] cycle := cycles[i] position := days % length quadrant := position * 4 / length percent := math.Sin(2 * math.Pi * float64(position) / float64(length)) percent = math.Floor(percent*1000) / 10 descript := "" if percent > 95 { descript = " peak" } else if percent < -95 { descript = " valley" } else if math.Abs(percent) < 5 { descript = " critical transition" } else { daysToAdd := (quadrant+1)*length/4 - position transition := td.Add(time.Hour * 24 * time.Duration(daysToAdd)) trend := quadrants[quadrant][0] next := quadrants[quadrant][1] transStr := transition.Format(layout) descript = fmt.Sprintf("%5.1f%% (%s, next %s %s)", percent, trend, next, transStr) } fmt.Printf("%s %2d : %s\n", cycle, position, descript) } fmt.Println() } func main() { datePairs := [][2]string{ {"1943-03-09", "1972-07-11"}, {"1809-01-12", "1863-11-19"}, {"1809-02-12", "1863-11-19"}, } for _, datePair := range datePairs { biorhythms(datePair[0], datePair[1]) } }
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <math.h> int day(int y, int m, int d) { return 367 * y - 7 * (y + (m + 9) / 12) / 4 + 275 * m / 9 + d - 730530; } void cycle(int diff, int l, char *t) { int p = round(100 * sin(2 * M_PI * diff / l)); printf("%12s cycle: %3i%%", t, p); if (abs(p) < 15) printf(" (critical day)"); printf("\n"); } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int diff; if (argc < 7) { printf("Usage:\n"); printf("cbio y1 m1 d1 y2 m2 d2\n"); exit(1); } diff = abs(day(atoi(argv[1]), atoi(argv[2]), atoi(argv[3])) - day(atoi(argv[4]), atoi(argv[5]), atoi(argv[6]))); printf("Age: %u days\n", diff); cycle(diff, 23, "Physical"); cycle(diff, 28, "Emotional"); cycle(diff, 33, "Intellectual"); }
Keep all operations the same but rewrite the snippet in C.
package main import ( "fmt" "log" "math" "time" ) const layout = "2006-01-02" var cycles = [3]string{"Physical day ", "Emotional day", "Mental day "} var lengths = [3]int{23, 28, 33} var quadrants = [4][2]string{ {"up and rising", "peak"}, {"up but falling", "transition"}, {"down and falling", "valley"}, {"down but rising", "transition"}, } func check(err error) { if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } } func biorhythms(birthDate, targetDate string) { bd, err := time.Parse(layout, birthDate) check(err) td, err := time.Parse(layout, targetDate) check(err) days := int(td.Sub(bd).Hours() / 24) fmt.Printf("Born %s, Target %s\n", birthDate, targetDate) fmt.Println("Day", days) for i := 0; i < 3; i++ { length := lengths[i] cycle := cycles[i] position := days % length quadrant := position * 4 / length percent := math.Sin(2 * math.Pi * float64(position) / float64(length)) percent = math.Floor(percent*1000) / 10 descript := "" if percent > 95 { descript = " peak" } else if percent < -95 { descript = " valley" } else if math.Abs(percent) < 5 { descript = " critical transition" } else { daysToAdd := (quadrant+1)*length/4 - position transition := td.Add(time.Hour * 24 * time.Duration(daysToAdd)) trend := quadrants[quadrant][0] next := quadrants[quadrant][1] transStr := transition.Format(layout) descript = fmt.Sprintf("%5.1f%% (%s, next %s %s)", percent, trend, next, transStr) } fmt.Printf("%s %2d : %s\n", cycle, position, descript) } fmt.Println() } func main() { datePairs := [][2]string{ {"1943-03-09", "1972-07-11"}, {"1809-01-12", "1863-11-19"}, {"1809-02-12", "1863-11-19"}, } for _, datePair := range datePairs { biorhythms(datePair[0], datePair[1]) } }
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <math.h> int day(int y, int m, int d) { return 367 * y - 7 * (y + (m + 9) / 12) / 4 + 275 * m / 9 + d - 730530; } void cycle(int diff, int l, char *t) { int p = round(100 * sin(2 * M_PI * diff / l)); printf("%12s cycle: %3i%%", t, p); if (abs(p) < 15) printf(" (critical day)"); printf("\n"); } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int diff; if (argc < 7) { printf("Usage:\n"); printf("cbio y1 m1 d1 y2 m2 d2\n"); exit(1); } diff = abs(day(atoi(argv[1]), atoi(argv[2]), atoi(argv[3])) - day(atoi(argv[4]), atoi(argv[5]), atoi(argv[6]))); printf("Age: %u days\n", diff); cycle(diff, 23, "Physical"); cycle(diff, 28, "Emotional"); cycle(diff, 33, "Intellectual"); }
Change the programming language of this snippet from Go to C without modifying what it does.
package main import ( "database/sql" "fmt" "log" _ "github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3" ) func main() { db, err := sql.Open("sqlite3", "rc.db") if err != nil { log.Print(err) return } defer db.Close() _, err = db.Exec(`create table addr ( id int unique, street text, city text, state text, zip text )`) if err != nil { log.Print(err) return } rows, err := db.Query(`pragma table_info(addr)`) if err != nil { log.Print(err) return } var field, storage string var ignore sql.RawBytes for rows.Next() { err = rows.Scan(&ignore, &field, &storage, &ignore, &ignore, &ignore) if err != nil { log.Print(err) return } fmt.Println(field, storage) } }
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <sqlite3.h> const char *code = "CREATE TABLE address (\n" " addrID INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,\n" " addrStreet TEXT NOT NULL,\n" " addrCity TEXT NOT NULL,\n" " addrState TEXT NOT NULL,\n" " addrZIP TEXT NOT NULL)\n" ; int main() { sqlite3 *db = NULL; char *errmsg; if ( sqlite3_open("address.db", &db) == SQLITE_OK ) { if ( sqlite3_exec(db, code, NULL, NULL, &errmsg) != SQLITE_OK ) { fprintf(stderr, errmsg); sqlite3_free(errmsg); sqlite3_close(db); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } sqlite3_close(db); } else { fprintf(stderr, "cannot open db...\n"); sqlite3_close(db); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } return EXIT_SUCCESS; }
Translate this program into C but keep the logic exactly as in Go.
package main import ( "fmt" "os/exec" ) func main() { synthType := "sine" duration := "5" frequency := "440" cmd := exec.Command("play", "-n", "synth", duration, synthType, frequency) err := cmd.Run() if err != nil { fmt.Println(err) } }
#include <stdio.h> #include <math.h> #include <stdlib.h> int header[] = {46, 115, 110, 100, 0, 0, 0, 24, 255, 255, 255, 255, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 172, 68, 0, 0, 0, 1}; int main(int argc, char *argv[]){ float freq, dur; long i, v; if (argc < 3) { printf("Usage:\n"); printf(" csine <frequency> <duration>\n"); exit(1); } freq = atof(argv[1]); dur = atof(argv[2]); for (i = 0; i < 24; i++) putchar(header[i]); for (i = 0; i < dur * 44100; i++) { v = (long) round(32000. * sin(2. * M_PI * freq * i / 44100.)); v = v % 65536; putchar(v >> 8); putchar(v % 256); } }
Write the same algorithm in C as shown in this Go implementation.
package main import ( "bufio" "encoding/binary" "fmt" "log" "os" "strconv" "strings" ) type NodeType int const ( ndIdent NodeType = iota ndString ndInteger ndSequence ndIf ndPrtc ndPrts ndPrti ndWhile ndAssign ndNegate ndNot ndMul ndDiv ndMod ndAdd ndSub ndLss ndLeq ndGtr ndGeq ndEql ndNeq ndAnd ndOr ) type code = byte const ( fetch code = iota store push add sub mul div mod lt gt le ge eq ne and or neg not jmp jz prtc prts prti halt ) type Tree struct { nodeType NodeType left *Tree right *Tree value string } type atr struct { enumText string nodeType NodeType opcode code } var atrs = []atr{ {"Identifier", ndIdent, 255}, {"String", ndString, 255}, {"Integer", ndInteger, 255}, {"Sequence", ndSequence, 255}, {"If", ndIf, 255}, {"Prtc", ndPrtc, 255}, {"Prts", ndPrts, 255}, {"Prti", ndPrti, 255}, {"While", ndWhile, 255}, {"Assign", ndAssign, 255}, {"Negate", ndNegate, neg}, {"Not", ndNot, not}, {"Multiply", ndMul, mul}, {"Divide", ndDiv, div}, {"Mod", ndMod, mod}, {"Add", ndAdd, add}, {"Subtract", ndSub, sub}, {"Less", ndLss, lt}, {"LessEqual", ndLeq, le}, {"Greater", ndGtr, gt}, {"GreaterEqual", ndGeq, ge}, {"Equal", ndEql, eq}, {"NotEqual", ndNeq, ne}, {"And", ndAnd, and}, {"Or", ndOr, or}, } var ( stringPool []string globals []string object []code ) var ( err error scanner *bufio.Scanner ) func reportError(msg string) { log.Fatalf("error : %s\n", msg) } func check(err error) { if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } } func nodeType2Op(nodeType NodeType) code { return atrs[nodeType].opcode } func makeNode(nodeType NodeType, left *Tree, right *Tree) *Tree { return &Tree{nodeType, left, right, ""} } func makeLeaf(nodeType NodeType, value string) *Tree { return &Tree{nodeType, nil, nil, value} } func emitByte(c code) { object = append(object, c) } func emitWord(n int) { bs := make([]byte, 4) binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(bs, uint32(n)) for _, b := range bs { emitByte(code(b)) } } func emitWordAt(at, n int) { bs := make([]byte, 4) binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(bs, uint32(n)) for i := at; i < at+4; i++ { object[i] = code(bs[i-at]) } } func hole() int { t := len(object) emitWord(0) return t } func fetchVarOffset(id string) int { for i := 0; i < len(globals); i++ { if globals[i] == id { return i } } globals = append(globals, id) return len(globals) - 1 } func fetchStringOffset(st string) int { for i := 0; i < len(stringPool); i++ { if stringPool[i] == st { return i } } stringPool = append(stringPool, st) return len(stringPool) - 1 } func codeGen(x *Tree) { if x == nil { return } var n, p1, p2 int switch x.nodeType { case ndIdent: emitByte(fetch) n = fetchVarOffset(x.value) emitWord(n) case ndInteger: emitByte(push) n, err = strconv.Atoi(x.value) check(err) emitWord(n) case ndString: emitByte(push) n = fetchStringOffset(x.value) emitWord(n) case ndAssign: n = fetchVarOffset(x.left.value) codeGen(x.right) emitByte(store) emitWord(n) case ndIf: codeGen(x.left) emitByte(jz) p1 = hole() codeGen(x.right.left) if x.right.right != nil { emitByte(jmp) p2 = hole() } emitWordAt(p1, len(object)-p1) if x.right.right != nil { codeGen(x.right.right) emitWordAt(p2, len(object)-p2) } case ndWhile: p1 = len(object) codeGen(x.left) emitByte(jz) p2 = hole() codeGen(x.right) emitByte(jmp) emitWord(p1 - len(object)) emitWordAt(p2, len(object)-p2) case ndSequence: codeGen(x.left) codeGen(x.right) case ndPrtc: codeGen(x.left) emitByte(prtc) case ndPrti: codeGen(x.left) emitByte(prti) case ndPrts: codeGen(x.left) emitByte(prts) case ndLss, ndGtr, ndLeq, ndGeq, ndEql, ndNeq, ndAnd, ndOr, ndSub, ndAdd, ndDiv, ndMul, ndMod: codeGen(x.left) codeGen(x.right) emitByte(nodeType2Op(x.nodeType)) case ndNegate, ndNot: codeGen(x.left) emitByte(nodeType2Op(x.nodeType)) default: msg := fmt.Sprintf("error in code generator - found %d, expecting operator\n", x.nodeType) reportError(msg) } } func codeFinish() { emitByte(halt) } func listCode() { fmt.Printf("Datasize: %d Strings: %d\n", len(globals), len(stringPool)) for _, s := range stringPool { fmt.Println(s) } pc := 0 for pc < len(object) { fmt.Printf("%5d ", pc) op := object[pc] pc++ switch op { case fetch: x := int32(binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(object[pc : pc+4])) fmt.Printf("fetch [%d]\n", x) pc += 4 case store: x := int32(binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(object[pc : pc+4])) fmt.Printf("store [%d]\n", x) pc += 4 case push: x := int32(binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(object[pc : pc+4])) fmt.Printf("push %d\n", x) pc += 4 case add: fmt.Println("add") case sub: fmt.Println("sub") case mul: fmt.Println("mul") case div: fmt.Println("div") case mod: fmt.Println("mod") case lt: fmt.Println("lt") case gt: fmt.Println("gt") case le: fmt.Println("le") case ge: fmt.Println("ge") case eq: fmt.Println("eq") case ne: fmt.Println("ne") case and: fmt.Println("and") case or: fmt.Println("or") case neg: fmt.Println("neg") case not: fmt.Println("not") case jmp: x := int32(binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(object[pc : pc+4])) fmt.Printf("jmp (%d) %d\n", x, int32(pc)+x) pc += 4 case jz: x := int32(binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(object[pc : pc+4])) fmt.Printf("jz (%d) %d\n", x, int32(pc)+x) pc += 4 case prtc: fmt.Println("prtc") case prti: fmt.Println("prti") case prts: fmt.Println("prts") case halt: fmt.Println("halt") default: reportError(fmt.Sprintf("listCode: Unknown opcode %d", op)) } } } func getEnumValue(name string) NodeType { for _, atr := range atrs { if atr.enumText == name { return atr.nodeType } } reportError(fmt.Sprintf("Unknown token %s\n", name)) return -1 } func loadAst() *Tree { var nodeType NodeType var s string if scanner.Scan() { line := strings.TrimRight(scanner.Text(), " \t") tokens := strings.Fields(line) first := tokens[0] if first[0] == ';' { return nil } nodeType = getEnumValue(first) le := len(tokens) if le == 2 { s = tokens[1] } else if le > 2 { idx := strings.Index(line, `"`) s = line[idx:] } } check(scanner.Err()) if s != "" { return makeLeaf(nodeType, s) } left := loadAst() right := loadAst() return makeNode(nodeType, left, right) } func main() { ast, err := os.Open("ast.txt") check(err) defer ast.Close() scanner = bufio.NewScanner(ast) codeGen(loadAst()) codeFinish() listCode() }
count = 1; while (count < 10) { print("count is: ", count, "\n"); count = count + 1; }
Change the following Go code into C without altering its purpose.
package main import ( "bufio" "encoding/binary" "fmt" "log" "os" "strconv" "strings" ) type NodeType int const ( ndIdent NodeType = iota ndString ndInteger ndSequence ndIf ndPrtc ndPrts ndPrti ndWhile ndAssign ndNegate ndNot ndMul ndDiv ndMod ndAdd ndSub ndLss ndLeq ndGtr ndGeq ndEql ndNeq ndAnd ndOr ) type code = byte const ( fetch code = iota store push add sub mul div mod lt gt le ge eq ne and or neg not jmp jz prtc prts prti halt ) type Tree struct { nodeType NodeType left *Tree right *Tree value string } type atr struct { enumText string nodeType NodeType opcode code } var atrs = []atr{ {"Identifier", ndIdent, 255}, {"String", ndString, 255}, {"Integer", ndInteger, 255}, {"Sequence", ndSequence, 255}, {"If", ndIf, 255}, {"Prtc", ndPrtc, 255}, {"Prts", ndPrts, 255}, {"Prti", ndPrti, 255}, {"While", ndWhile, 255}, {"Assign", ndAssign, 255}, {"Negate", ndNegate, neg}, {"Not", ndNot, not}, {"Multiply", ndMul, mul}, {"Divide", ndDiv, div}, {"Mod", ndMod, mod}, {"Add", ndAdd, add}, {"Subtract", ndSub, sub}, {"Less", ndLss, lt}, {"LessEqual", ndLeq, le}, {"Greater", ndGtr, gt}, {"GreaterEqual", ndGeq, ge}, {"Equal", ndEql, eq}, {"NotEqual", ndNeq, ne}, {"And", ndAnd, and}, {"Or", ndOr, or}, } var ( stringPool []string globals []string object []code ) var ( err error scanner *bufio.Scanner ) func reportError(msg string) { log.Fatalf("error : %s\n", msg) } func check(err error) { if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } } func nodeType2Op(nodeType NodeType) code { return atrs[nodeType].opcode } func makeNode(nodeType NodeType, left *Tree, right *Tree) *Tree { return &Tree{nodeType, left, right, ""} } func makeLeaf(nodeType NodeType, value string) *Tree { return &Tree{nodeType, nil, nil, value} } func emitByte(c code) { object = append(object, c) } func emitWord(n int) { bs := make([]byte, 4) binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(bs, uint32(n)) for _, b := range bs { emitByte(code(b)) } } func emitWordAt(at, n int) { bs := make([]byte, 4) binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(bs, uint32(n)) for i := at; i < at+4; i++ { object[i] = code(bs[i-at]) } } func hole() int { t := len(object) emitWord(0) return t } func fetchVarOffset(id string) int { for i := 0; i < len(globals); i++ { if globals[i] == id { return i } } globals = append(globals, id) return len(globals) - 1 } func fetchStringOffset(st string) int { for i := 0; i < len(stringPool); i++ { if stringPool[i] == st { return i } } stringPool = append(stringPool, st) return len(stringPool) - 1 } func codeGen(x *Tree) { if x == nil { return } var n, p1, p2 int switch x.nodeType { case ndIdent: emitByte(fetch) n = fetchVarOffset(x.value) emitWord(n) case ndInteger: emitByte(push) n, err = strconv.Atoi(x.value) check(err) emitWord(n) case ndString: emitByte(push) n = fetchStringOffset(x.value) emitWord(n) case ndAssign: n = fetchVarOffset(x.left.value) codeGen(x.right) emitByte(store) emitWord(n) case ndIf: codeGen(x.left) emitByte(jz) p1 = hole() codeGen(x.right.left) if x.right.right != nil { emitByte(jmp) p2 = hole() } emitWordAt(p1, len(object)-p1) if x.right.right != nil { codeGen(x.right.right) emitWordAt(p2, len(object)-p2) } case ndWhile: p1 = len(object) codeGen(x.left) emitByte(jz) p2 = hole() codeGen(x.right) emitByte(jmp) emitWord(p1 - len(object)) emitWordAt(p2, len(object)-p2) case ndSequence: codeGen(x.left) codeGen(x.right) case ndPrtc: codeGen(x.left) emitByte(prtc) case ndPrti: codeGen(x.left) emitByte(prti) case ndPrts: codeGen(x.left) emitByte(prts) case ndLss, ndGtr, ndLeq, ndGeq, ndEql, ndNeq, ndAnd, ndOr, ndSub, ndAdd, ndDiv, ndMul, ndMod: codeGen(x.left) codeGen(x.right) emitByte(nodeType2Op(x.nodeType)) case ndNegate, ndNot: codeGen(x.left) emitByte(nodeType2Op(x.nodeType)) default: msg := fmt.Sprintf("error in code generator - found %d, expecting operator\n", x.nodeType) reportError(msg) } } func codeFinish() { emitByte(halt) } func listCode() { fmt.Printf("Datasize: %d Strings: %d\n", len(globals), len(stringPool)) for _, s := range stringPool { fmt.Println(s) } pc := 0 for pc < len(object) { fmt.Printf("%5d ", pc) op := object[pc] pc++ switch op { case fetch: x := int32(binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(object[pc : pc+4])) fmt.Printf("fetch [%d]\n", x) pc += 4 case store: x := int32(binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(object[pc : pc+4])) fmt.Printf("store [%d]\n", x) pc += 4 case push: x := int32(binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(object[pc : pc+4])) fmt.Printf("push %d\n", x) pc += 4 case add: fmt.Println("add") case sub: fmt.Println("sub") case mul: fmt.Println("mul") case div: fmt.Println("div") case mod: fmt.Println("mod") case lt: fmt.Println("lt") case gt: fmt.Println("gt") case le: fmt.Println("le") case ge: fmt.Println("ge") case eq: fmt.Println("eq") case ne: fmt.Println("ne") case and: fmt.Println("and") case or: fmt.Println("or") case neg: fmt.Println("neg") case not: fmt.Println("not") case jmp: x := int32(binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(object[pc : pc+4])) fmt.Printf("jmp (%d) %d\n", x, int32(pc)+x) pc += 4 case jz: x := int32(binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(object[pc : pc+4])) fmt.Printf("jz (%d) %d\n", x, int32(pc)+x) pc += 4 case prtc: fmt.Println("prtc") case prti: fmt.Println("prti") case prts: fmt.Println("prts") case halt: fmt.Println("halt") default: reportError(fmt.Sprintf("listCode: Unknown opcode %d", op)) } } } func getEnumValue(name string) NodeType { for _, atr := range atrs { if atr.enumText == name { return atr.nodeType } } reportError(fmt.Sprintf("Unknown token %s\n", name)) return -1 } func loadAst() *Tree { var nodeType NodeType var s string if scanner.Scan() { line := strings.TrimRight(scanner.Text(), " \t") tokens := strings.Fields(line) first := tokens[0] if first[0] == ';' { return nil } nodeType = getEnumValue(first) le := len(tokens) if le == 2 { s = tokens[1] } else if le > 2 { idx := strings.Index(line, `"`) s = line[idx:] } } check(scanner.Err()) if s != "" { return makeLeaf(nodeType, s) } left := loadAst() right := loadAst() return makeNode(nodeType, left, right) } func main() { ast, err := os.Open("ast.txt") check(err) defer ast.Close() scanner = bufio.NewScanner(ast) codeGen(loadAst()) codeFinish() listCode() }
count = 1; while (count < 10) { print("count is: ", count, "\n"); count = count + 1; }
Preserve the algorithm and functionality while converting the code from Go to C.
package main import "fmt" func hello() { fmt.Println("Hello from main.go") } func main() { hello() hello2() }
#include <stdlib.h> #include "myutil.h"
Translate this program into C but keep the logic exactly as in Go.
package main import "fmt" func hello() { fmt.Println("Hello from main.go") } func main() { hello() hello2() }
#include <stdlib.h> #include "myutil.h"
Generate a C translation of this Go snippet without changing its computational steps.
package main import "fmt" type vList struct { base *vSeg offset int } type vSeg struct { next *vSeg ele []vEle } type vEle string func (v vList) index(i int) (r vEle) { if i >= 0 { i += v.offset for sg := v.base; sg != nil; sg = sg.next { if i < len(sg.ele) { return sg.ele[i] } i -= len(sg.ele) } } panic("index out of range") } func (v vList) cons(a vEle) vList { if v.base == nil { return vList{base: &vSeg{ele: []vEle{a}}} } if v.offset == 0 { l2 := len(v.base.ele) * 2 ele := make([]vEle, l2) ele[l2-1] = a return vList{&vSeg{v.base, ele}, l2 - 1} } v.offset-- v.base.ele[v.offset] = a return v } func (v vList) cdr() vList { if v.base == nil { panic("cdr on empty vList") } v.offset++ if v.offset < len(v.base.ele) { return v } return vList{v.base.next, 0} } func (v vList) length() int { if v.base == nil { return 0 } return len(v.base.ele)*2 - v.offset - 1 } func (v vList) String() string { if v.base == nil { return "[]" } r := fmt.Sprintf("[%v", v.base.ele[v.offset]) for sg, sl := v.base, v.base.ele[v.offset+1:]; ; { for _, e := range sl { r = fmt.Sprintf("%s %v", r, e) } sg = sg.next if sg == nil { break } sl = sg.ele } return r + "]" } func (v vList) printStructure() { fmt.Println("offset:", v.offset) for sg := v.base; sg != nil; sg = sg.next { fmt.Printf(" %q\n", sg.ele) } fmt.Println() } func main() { var v vList fmt.Println("zero value for type. empty vList:", v) v.printStructure() for a := '6'; a >= '1'; a-- { v = v.cons(vEle(a)) } fmt.Println("demonstrate cons. 6 elements added:", v) v.printStructure() v = v.cdr() fmt.Println("demonstrate cdr. 1 element removed:", v) v.printStructure() fmt.Println("demonstrate length. length =", v.length()) fmt.Println() fmt.Println("demonstrate element access. v[3] =", v.index(3)) fmt.Println() v = v.cdr().cdr() fmt.Println("show cdr releasing segment. 2 elements removed:", v) v.printStructure() }
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> typedef struct sublist{ struct sublist* next; int *buf; } sublist_t; sublist_t* sublist_new(size_t s) { sublist_t* sub = malloc(sizeof(sublist_t) + sizeof(int) * s); sub->buf = (int*)(sub + 1); sub->next = 0; return sub; } typedef struct vlist_t { sublist_t* head; size_t last_size, ofs; } vlist_t, *vlist; vlist v_new() { vlist v = malloc(sizeof(vlist_t)); v->head = sublist_new(1); v->last_size = 1; v->ofs = 0; return v; } void v_del(vlist v) { sublist_t *s; while (v->head) { s = v->head->next; free(v->head); v->head = s; } free(v); } inline size_t v_size(vlist v) { return v->last_size * 2 - v->ofs - 2; } int* v_addr(vlist v, size_t idx) { sublist_t *s = v->head; size_t top = v->last_size, i = idx + v->ofs; if (i + 2 >= (top << 1)) { fprintf(stderr, "!: idx %d out of range\n", (int)idx); abort(); } while (s && i >= top) { s = s->next, i ^= top; top >>= 1; } return s->buf + i; } inline int v_elem(vlist v, size_t idx) { return *v_addr(v, idx); } int* v_unshift(vlist v, int x) { sublist_t* s; int *p; if (!v->ofs) { if (!(s = sublist_new(v->last_size << 1))) { fprintf(stderr, "?: alloc failure\n"); return 0; } v->ofs = (v->last_size <<= 1); s->next = v->head; v->head = s; } *(p = v->head->buf + --v->ofs) = x; return p; } int v_shift(vlist v) { sublist_t* s; int x; if (v->last_size == 1 && v->ofs == 1) { fprintf(stderr, "!: empty list\n"); abort(); } x = v->head->buf[v->ofs++]; if (v->ofs == v->last_size) { v->ofs = 0; if (v->last_size > 1) { s = v->head, v->head = s->next; v->last_size >>= 1; free(s); } } return x; } int main() { int i; vlist v = v_new(); for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) v_unshift(v, i); printf("size: %d\n", v_size(v)); for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) printf("v[%d] = %d\n", i, v_elem(v, i)); for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) printf("shift: %d\n", v_shift(v)); v_del(v); return 0; }
Transform the following Go implementation into C, maintaining the same output and logic.
package main import "fmt" type vList struct { base *vSeg offset int } type vSeg struct { next *vSeg ele []vEle } type vEle string func (v vList) index(i int) (r vEle) { if i >= 0 { i += v.offset for sg := v.base; sg != nil; sg = sg.next { if i < len(sg.ele) { return sg.ele[i] } i -= len(sg.ele) } } panic("index out of range") } func (v vList) cons(a vEle) vList { if v.base == nil { return vList{base: &vSeg{ele: []vEle{a}}} } if v.offset == 0 { l2 := len(v.base.ele) * 2 ele := make([]vEle, l2) ele[l2-1] = a return vList{&vSeg{v.base, ele}, l2 - 1} } v.offset-- v.base.ele[v.offset] = a return v } func (v vList) cdr() vList { if v.base == nil { panic("cdr on empty vList") } v.offset++ if v.offset < len(v.base.ele) { return v } return vList{v.base.next, 0} } func (v vList) length() int { if v.base == nil { return 0 } return len(v.base.ele)*2 - v.offset - 1 } func (v vList) String() string { if v.base == nil { return "[]" } r := fmt.Sprintf("[%v", v.base.ele[v.offset]) for sg, sl := v.base, v.base.ele[v.offset+1:]; ; { for _, e := range sl { r = fmt.Sprintf("%s %v", r, e) } sg = sg.next if sg == nil { break } sl = sg.ele } return r + "]" } func (v vList) printStructure() { fmt.Println("offset:", v.offset) for sg := v.base; sg != nil; sg = sg.next { fmt.Printf(" %q\n", sg.ele) } fmt.Println() } func main() { var v vList fmt.Println("zero value for type. empty vList:", v) v.printStructure() for a := '6'; a >= '1'; a-- { v = v.cons(vEle(a)) } fmt.Println("demonstrate cons. 6 elements added:", v) v.printStructure() v = v.cdr() fmt.Println("demonstrate cdr. 1 element removed:", v) v.printStructure() fmt.Println("demonstrate length. length =", v.length()) fmt.Println() fmt.Println("demonstrate element access. v[3] =", v.index(3)) fmt.Println() v = v.cdr().cdr() fmt.Println("show cdr releasing segment. 2 elements removed:", v) v.printStructure() }
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> typedef struct sublist{ struct sublist* next; int *buf; } sublist_t; sublist_t* sublist_new(size_t s) { sublist_t* sub = malloc(sizeof(sublist_t) + sizeof(int) * s); sub->buf = (int*)(sub + 1); sub->next = 0; return sub; } typedef struct vlist_t { sublist_t* head; size_t last_size, ofs; } vlist_t, *vlist; vlist v_new() { vlist v = malloc(sizeof(vlist_t)); v->head = sublist_new(1); v->last_size = 1; v->ofs = 0; return v; } void v_del(vlist v) { sublist_t *s; while (v->head) { s = v->head->next; free(v->head); v->head = s; } free(v); } inline size_t v_size(vlist v) { return v->last_size * 2 - v->ofs - 2; } int* v_addr(vlist v, size_t idx) { sublist_t *s = v->head; size_t top = v->last_size, i = idx + v->ofs; if (i + 2 >= (top << 1)) { fprintf(stderr, "!: idx %d out of range\n", (int)idx); abort(); } while (s && i >= top) { s = s->next, i ^= top; top >>= 1; } return s->buf + i; } inline int v_elem(vlist v, size_t idx) { return *v_addr(v, idx); } int* v_unshift(vlist v, int x) { sublist_t* s; int *p; if (!v->ofs) { if (!(s = sublist_new(v->last_size << 1))) { fprintf(stderr, "?: alloc failure\n"); return 0; } v->ofs = (v->last_size <<= 1); s->next = v->head; v->head = s; } *(p = v->head->buf + --v->ofs) = x; return p; } int v_shift(vlist v) { sublist_t* s; int x; if (v->last_size == 1 && v->ofs == 1) { fprintf(stderr, "!: empty list\n"); abort(); } x = v->head->buf[v->ofs++]; if (v->ofs == v->last_size) { v->ofs = 0; if (v->last_size > 1) { s = v->head, v->head = s->next; v->last_size >>= 1; free(s); } } return x; } int main() { int i; vlist v = v_new(); for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) v_unshift(v, i); printf("size: %d\n", v_size(v)); for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) printf("v[%d] = %d\n", i, v_elem(v, i)); for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) printf("shift: %d\n", v_shift(v)); v_del(v); return 0; }
Keep all operations the same but rewrite the snippet in C.
package main import "fmt" type vList struct { base *vSeg offset int } type vSeg struct { next *vSeg ele []vEle } type vEle string func (v vList) index(i int) (r vEle) { if i >= 0 { i += v.offset for sg := v.base; sg != nil; sg = sg.next { if i < len(sg.ele) { return sg.ele[i] } i -= len(sg.ele) } } panic("index out of range") } func (v vList) cons(a vEle) vList { if v.base == nil { return vList{base: &vSeg{ele: []vEle{a}}} } if v.offset == 0 { l2 := len(v.base.ele) * 2 ele := make([]vEle, l2) ele[l2-1] = a return vList{&vSeg{v.base, ele}, l2 - 1} } v.offset-- v.base.ele[v.offset] = a return v } func (v vList) cdr() vList { if v.base == nil { panic("cdr on empty vList") } v.offset++ if v.offset < len(v.base.ele) { return v } return vList{v.base.next, 0} } func (v vList) length() int { if v.base == nil { return 0 } return len(v.base.ele)*2 - v.offset - 1 } func (v vList) String() string { if v.base == nil { return "[]" } r := fmt.Sprintf("[%v", v.base.ele[v.offset]) for sg, sl := v.base, v.base.ele[v.offset+1:]; ; { for _, e := range sl { r = fmt.Sprintf("%s %v", r, e) } sg = sg.next if sg == nil { break } sl = sg.ele } return r + "]" } func (v vList) printStructure() { fmt.Println("offset:", v.offset) for sg := v.base; sg != nil; sg = sg.next { fmt.Printf(" %q\n", sg.ele) } fmt.Println() } func main() { var v vList fmt.Println("zero value for type. empty vList:", v) v.printStructure() for a := '6'; a >= '1'; a-- { v = v.cons(vEle(a)) } fmt.Println("demonstrate cons. 6 elements added:", v) v.printStructure() v = v.cdr() fmt.Println("demonstrate cdr. 1 element removed:", v) v.printStructure() fmt.Println("demonstrate length. length =", v.length()) fmt.Println() fmt.Println("demonstrate element access. v[3] =", v.index(3)) fmt.Println() v = v.cdr().cdr() fmt.Println("show cdr releasing segment. 2 elements removed:", v) v.printStructure() }
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> typedef struct sublist{ struct sublist* next; int *buf; } sublist_t; sublist_t* sublist_new(size_t s) { sublist_t* sub = malloc(sizeof(sublist_t) + sizeof(int) * s); sub->buf = (int*)(sub + 1); sub->next = 0; return sub; } typedef struct vlist_t { sublist_t* head; size_t last_size, ofs; } vlist_t, *vlist; vlist v_new() { vlist v = malloc(sizeof(vlist_t)); v->head = sublist_new(1); v->last_size = 1; v->ofs = 0; return v; } void v_del(vlist v) { sublist_t *s; while (v->head) { s = v->head->next; free(v->head); v->head = s; } free(v); } inline size_t v_size(vlist v) { return v->last_size * 2 - v->ofs - 2; } int* v_addr(vlist v, size_t idx) { sublist_t *s = v->head; size_t top = v->last_size, i = idx + v->ofs; if (i + 2 >= (top << 1)) { fprintf(stderr, "!: idx %d out of range\n", (int)idx); abort(); } while (s && i >= top) { s = s->next, i ^= top; top >>= 1; } return s->buf + i; } inline int v_elem(vlist v, size_t idx) { return *v_addr(v, idx); } int* v_unshift(vlist v, int x) { sublist_t* s; int *p; if (!v->ofs) { if (!(s = sublist_new(v->last_size << 1))) { fprintf(stderr, "?: alloc failure\n"); return 0; } v->ofs = (v->last_size <<= 1); s->next = v->head; v->head = s; } *(p = v->head->buf + --v->ofs) = x; return p; } int v_shift(vlist v) { sublist_t* s; int x; if (v->last_size == 1 && v->ofs == 1) { fprintf(stderr, "!: empty list\n"); abort(); } x = v->head->buf[v->ofs++]; if (v->ofs == v->last_size) { v->ofs = 0; if (v->last_size > 1) { s = v->head, v->head = s->next; v->last_size >>= 1; free(s); } } return x; } int main() { int i; vlist v = v_new(); for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) v_unshift(v, i); printf("size: %d\n", v_size(v)); for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) printf("v[%d] = %d\n", i, v_elem(v, i)); for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) printf("shift: %d\n", v_shift(v)); v_del(v); return 0; }
Maintain the same structure and functionality when rewriting this code in C.
package main import ( "fmt" "sternbrocot" ) func main() { g := sb.Generator() fmt.Println("First 15:") for i := 1; i <= 15; i++ { fmt.Printf("%2d: %d\n", i, g()) } s := sb.New() fmt.Println("First 15:", s.FirstN(15)) for _, x := range []int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 100} { fmt.Printf("%3d at 1-based index %d\n", x, 1+s.Find(x)) } fmt.Println("1-based indexes: gcd") for n, f := range s.FirstN(1000)[:999] { g := gcd(f, (*s)[n+1]) fmt.Printf("%d,%d: gcd(%d, %d) = %d\n", n+1, n+2, f, (*s)[n+1], g) if g != 1 { panic("oh no!") return } } } func gcd(x, y int) int { for y != 0 { x, y = y, x%y } return x }
k=2; i=1; j=2; while(k<nn); k++; sb[k]=sb[k-i]+sb[k-j]; k++; sb[k]=sb[k-j]; i++; j++; }
Write the same code in C as shown below in Go.
package main import ( "fmt" ) type any = interface{} func uselessFunc(uselessParam any) { if true { } else { fmt.Println("Never called") } for range []any{} { fmt.Println("Never called") } for false { fmt.Println("Never called") } fmt.Print("") return } type NotCompletelyUseless struct { } func main() { uselessFunc(0) set := make(map[int]NotCompletelyUseless) set[0] = NotCompletelyUseless{} set[0] = NotCompletelyUseless{} fmt.Println(set) }
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdbool.h> void uselessFunc(int uselessParam) { auto int i; if (true) { } else { printf("Never called\n"); } for (i = 0; i < 0; ++i) { printf("Never called\n"); } while (false) { printf("Never called\n"); } printf(""); return; } struct UselessStruct { }; int main() { uselessFunc(0); printf("Working OK.\n"); }
Change the following Go code into C without altering its purpose.
package main import ( "fmt" "math" ) type unc struct { n float64 s float64 } func newUnc(n, s float64) *unc { return &unc{n, s * s} } func (z *unc) errorTerm() float64 { return math.Sqrt(z.s) } func (z *unc) addC(a *unc, c float64) *unc { *z = *a z.n += c return z } func (z *unc) subC(a *unc, c float64) *unc { *z = *a z.n -= c return z } func (z *unc) addU(a, b *unc) *unc { z.n = a.n + b.n z.s = a.s + b.s return z } func (z *unc) subU(a, b *unc) *unc { z.n = a.n - b.n z.s = a.s + b.s return z } func (z *unc) mulC(a *unc, c float64) *unc { z.n = a.n * c z.s = a.s * c * c return z } func (z *unc) divC(a *unc, c float64) *unc { z.n = a.n / c z.s = a.s / (c * c) return z } func (z *unc) mulU(a, b *unc) *unc { prod := a.n * b.n z.n, z.s = prod, prod*prod*(a.s/(a.n*a.n)+b.s/(b.n*b.n)) return z } func (z *unc) divU(a, b *unc) *unc { quot := a.n / b.n z.n, z.s = quot, quot*quot*(a.s/(a.n*a.n)+b.s/(b.n*b.n)) return z } func (z *unc) expC(a *unc, c float64) *unc { f := math.Pow(a.n, c) g := f * c / a.n z.n = f z.s = a.s * g * g return z } func main() { x1 := newUnc(100, 1.1) x2 := newUnc(200, 2.2) y1 := newUnc(50, 1.2) y2 := newUnc(100, 2.3) var d, d2 unc d.expC(d.addU(d.expC(d.subU(x1, x2), 2), d2.expC(d2.subU(y1, y2), 2)), .5) fmt.Println("d: ", d.n) fmt.Println("error:", d.errorTerm()) }
#include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <math.h> typedef struct{ double value; double delta; }imprecise; #define SQR(x) ((x) * (x)) imprecise imprecise_add(imprecise a, imprecise b) { imprecise ret; ret.value = a.value + b.value; ret.delta = sqrt(SQR(a.delta) + SQR(b.delta)); return ret; } imprecise imprecise_mul(imprecise a, imprecise b) { imprecise ret; ret.value = a.value * b.value; ret.delta = sqrt(SQR(a.value * b.delta) + SQR(b.value * a.delta)); return ret; } imprecise imprecise_div(imprecise a, imprecise b) { imprecise ret; ret.value = a.value / b.value; ret.delta = sqrt(SQR(a.value * b.delta) + SQR(b.value * a.delta)) / SQR(b.value); return ret; } imprecise imprecise_pow(imprecise a, double c) { imprecise ret; ret.value = pow(a.value, c); ret.delta = fabs(ret.value * c * a.delta / a.value); return ret; } char* printImprecise(imprecise val) { char principal[30],error[30],*string,sign[2]; sign[0] = 241; sign[1] = 00; sprintf(principal,"%f",val.value); sprintf(error,"%f",val.delta); string = (char*)malloc((strlen(principal)+1+strlen(error)+1)*sizeof(char)); strcpy(string,principal); strcat(string,sign); strcat(string,error); return string; } int main(void) { imprecise x1 = {100, 1.1}; imprecise y1 = {50, 1.2}; imprecise x2 = {-200, 2.2}; imprecise y2 = {-100, 2.3}; imprecise d; d = imprecise_pow(imprecise_add(imprecise_pow(imprecise_add(x1, x2), 2),imprecise_pow(imprecise_add(y1, y2), 2)), 0.5); printf("Distance, d, between the following points :"); printf("\n( x1, y1) = ( %s, %s)",printImprecise(x1),printImprecise(y1)); printf("\n( x2, y2) = ( %s, %s)",printImprecise(x2),printImprecise(y2)); printf("\nis d = %s", printImprecise(d)); return 0; }
Rewrite the snippet below in C so it works the same as the original Go code.
package main import ( "errors" "fmt" "unicode" ) var code = []byte("01230127022455012623017202") func soundex(s string) (string, error) { var sx [4]byte var sxi int var cx, lastCode byte for i, c := range s { switch { case !unicode.IsLetter(c): if c < ' ' || c == 127 { return "", errors.New("ASCII control characters disallowed") } if i == 0 { return "", errors.New("initial character must be a letter") } lastCode = '0' continue case c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z': cx = byte(c - 'A') case c >= 'a' && c <= 'z': cx = byte(c - 'a') default: return "", errors.New("non-ASCII letters unsupported") } if i == 0 { sx[0] = cx + 'A' sxi = 1 continue } switch x := code[cx]; x { case '7', lastCode: case '0': lastCode = '0' default: sx[sxi] = x if sxi == 3 { return string(sx[:]), nil } sxi++ lastCode = x } } if sxi == 0 { return "", errors.New("no letters present") } for ; sxi < 4; sxi++ { sx[sxi] = '0' } return string(sx[:]), nil } func main() { for _, s := range []string{ "Robert", "Rupert", "Rubin", "ashcroft", "ashcraft", "moses", "O'Mally", "d jay", "R2-D2", "12p2", "naïve", "", "bump\t", } { if x, err := soundex(s); err == nil { fmt.Println("soundex", s, "=", x) } else { fmt.Printf("\"%s\" fail. %s\n", s, err) } } }
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <ctype.h> static char code[128] = { 0 }; void add_code(const char *s, int c) { while (*s) { code[(int)*s] = code[0x20 ^ (int)*s] = c; s++; } } void init() { static const char *cls[] = { "AEIOU", "", "BFPV", "CGJKQSXZ", "DT", "L", "MN", "R", 0}; int i; for (i = 0; cls[i]; i++) add_code(cls[i], i - 1); } const char* soundex(const char *s) { static char out[5]; int c, prev, i; out[0] = out[4] = 0; if (!s || !*s) return out; out[0] = *s++; prev = code[(int)out[0]]; for (i = 1; *s && i < 4; s++) { if ((c = code[(int)*s]) == prev) continue; if (c == -1) prev = 0; else if (c > 0) { out[i++] = c + '0'; prev = c; } } while (i < 4) out[i++] = '0'; return out; } int main() { int i; const char *sdx, *names[][2] = { {"Soundex", "S532"}, {"Example", "E251"}, {"Sownteks", "S532"}, {"Ekzampul", "E251"}, {"Euler", "E460"}, {"Gauss", "G200"}, {"Hilbert", "H416"}, {"Knuth", "K530"}, {"Lloyd", "L300"}, {"Lukasiewicz", "L222"}, {"Ellery", "E460"}, {"Ghosh", "G200"}, {"Heilbronn", "H416"}, {"Kant", "K530"}, {"Ladd", "L300"}, {"Lissajous", "L222"}, {"Wheaton", "W350"}, {"Burroughs", "B620"}, {"Burrows", "B620"}, {"O'Hara", "O600"}, {"Washington", "W252"}, {"Lee", "L000"}, {"Gutierrez", "G362"}, {"Pfister", "P236"}, {"Jackson", "J250"}, {"Tymczak", "T522"}, {"VanDeusen", "V532"}, {"Ashcraft", "A261"}, {0, 0} }; init(); puts(" Test name Code Got\n----------------------"); for (i = 0; names[i][0]; i++) { sdx = soundex(names[i][0]); printf("%11s %s %s ", names[i][0], names[i][1], sdx); printf("%s\n", strcmp(sdx, names[i][1]) ? "not ok" : "ok"); } return 0; }
Port the following code from Go to C with equivalent syntax and logic.
package main import ( "fmt" "log" "os" "strconv" ) type tree uint64 var ( list []tree offset = [32]uint{1: 1} ) func add(t tree) { list = append(list, 1|t<<1) } func show(t tree, l uint) { for ; l > 0; t >>= 1 { l-- var paren byte if (t & 1) != 0 { paren = '(' } else { paren = ')' } fmt.Printf("%c", paren) } } func listTrees(n uint) { for i := offset[n]; i < offset[n+1]; i++ { show(list[i], n*2) fmt.Println() } } func assemble(n uint, t tree, sl, pos, rem uint) { if rem == 0 { add(t) return } if sl > rem { sl = rem pos = offset[sl] } else if pos >= offset[sl+1] { sl-- if sl == 0 { return } pos = offset[sl] } assemble(n, t<<(2*sl)|list[pos], sl, pos, rem-sl) assemble(n, t, sl, pos+1, rem) } func mktrees(n uint) { if offset[n+1] > 0 { return } if n > 0 { mktrees(n - 1) } assemble(n, 0, n-1, offset[n-1], n-1) offset[n+1] = uint(len(list)) } func main() { if len(os.Args) != 2 { log.Fatal("There must be exactly 1 command line argument") } n, err := strconv.Atoi(os.Args[1]) if err != nil { log.Fatal("Argument is not a valid number") } if n <= 0 || n > 19 { n = 5 } add(0) mktrees(uint(n)) fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Number of %d-trees: %d\n", n, offset[n+1]-offset[n]) listTrees(uint(n)) }
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> typedef unsigned int uint; typedef unsigned long long tree; #define B(x) (1ULL<<(x)) tree *list = 0; uint cap = 0, len = 0; uint offset[32] = {0, 1, 0}; void append(tree t) { if (len == cap) { cap = cap ? cap*2 : 2; list = realloc(list, cap*sizeof(tree)); } list[len++] = 1 | t<<1; } void show(tree t, uint len) { for (; len--; t >>= 1) putchar(t&1 ? '(' : ')'); } void listtrees(uint n) { uint i; for (i = offset[n]; i < offset[n+1]; i++) { show(list[i], n*2); putchar('\n'); } } void assemble(uint n, tree t, uint sl, uint pos, uint rem) { if (!rem) { append(t); return; } if (sl > rem) pos = offset[sl = rem]; else if (pos >= offset[sl + 1]) { if (!--sl) return; pos = offset[sl]; } assemble(n, t<<(2*sl) | list[pos], sl, pos, rem - sl); assemble(n, t, sl, pos + 1, rem); } void mktrees(uint n) { if (offset[n + 1]) return; if (n) mktrees(n - 1); assemble(n, 0, n-1, offset[n-1], n-1); offset[n+1] = len; } int main(int c, char**v) { int n; if (c < 2 || (n = atoi(v[1])) <= 0 || n > 25) n = 5; append(0); mktrees((uint)n); fprintf(stderr, "Number of %d-trees: %u\n", n, offset[n+1] - offset[n]); listtrees((uint)n); return 0; }
Write the same algorithm in C as shown in this Go implementation.
package example var ( X, Y, Z int ) func XP() { } func nonXP() {} var MEMEME int
int add(int a, int b) { return a + b; }
Please provide an equivalent version of this Go code in C.
package main import ( "encoding/binary" "encoding/json" "fmt" "github.com/boltdb/bolt" "log" ) type StockTrans struct { Id int Date string Trans string Symbol string Quantity int Price float32 Settled bool } func (st *StockTrans) save(db *bolt.DB, bucket string) error { err := db.Update(func(tx *bolt.Tx) error { b := tx.Bucket([]byte(bucket)) id, _ := b.NextSequence() st.Id = int(id) encoded, err := json.Marshal(st) if err != nil { return err } return b.Put(itob(st.Id), encoded) }) return err } func itob(i int) []byte { b := make([]byte, 8) binary.BigEndian.PutUint64(b, uint64(i)) return b } func check(err error) { if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } } func main() { db, err := bolt.Open("store.db", 0600, nil) check(err) defer db.Close() err = db.Update(func(tx *bolt.Tx) error { _, err := tx.CreateBucketIfNotExists([]byte("stocks")) return err }) check(err) transactions := []*StockTrans{ {0, "2006-01-05", "BUY", "RHAT", 100, 35.14, true}, {0, "2006-03-28", "BUY", "IBM", 1000, 45, true}, {0, "2006-04-06", "SELL", "IBM", 500, 53, true}, {0, "2006-04-05", "BUY", "MSOFT", 1000, 72, false}, } for _, trans := range transactions { err := trans.save(db, "stocks") check(err) } fmt.Println("Id Date Trans Sym Qty Price Settled") fmt.Println("------------------------------------------------") db.View(func(tx *bolt.Tx) error { b := tx.Bucket([]byte("stocks")) b.ForEach(func(k, v []byte) error { st := new(StockTrans) err := json.Unmarshal(v, st) check(err) fmt.Printf("%d %s  %-4s  %-5s %4d %2.2f %t\n", st.Id, st.Date, st.Trans, st.Symbol, st.Quantity, st.Price, st.Settled) return nil }) return nil }) }
#include <sqlite3.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <stdio.h> int main() { sqlite3 *db = NULL; char *errmsg; const char *code = "CREATE TABLE employee (\n" " empID INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,\n" " firstName TEXT NOT NULL,\n" " lastName TEXT NOT NULL,\n" " AGE INTEGER NOT NULL,\n" " DOB DATE NOT NULL)\n" ; if ( sqlite3_open("employee.db", &db) == SQLITE_OK ) { sqlite3_exec(db, code, NULL, NULL, &errmsg); sqlite3_close(db); } else { fprintf(stderr, "cannot open db...\n"); sqlite3_close(db); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } return 0; }
Generate a C translation of this Go snippet without changing its computational steps.
package main import ( "encoding/binary" "encoding/json" "fmt" "github.com/boltdb/bolt" "log" ) type StockTrans struct { Id int Date string Trans string Symbol string Quantity int Price float32 Settled bool } func (st *StockTrans) save(db *bolt.DB, bucket string) error { err := db.Update(func(tx *bolt.Tx) error { b := tx.Bucket([]byte(bucket)) id, _ := b.NextSequence() st.Id = int(id) encoded, err := json.Marshal(st) if err != nil { return err } return b.Put(itob(st.Id), encoded) }) return err } func itob(i int) []byte { b := make([]byte, 8) binary.BigEndian.PutUint64(b, uint64(i)) return b } func check(err error) { if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } } func main() { db, err := bolt.Open("store.db", 0600, nil) check(err) defer db.Close() err = db.Update(func(tx *bolt.Tx) error { _, err := tx.CreateBucketIfNotExists([]byte("stocks")) return err }) check(err) transactions := []*StockTrans{ {0, "2006-01-05", "BUY", "RHAT", 100, 35.14, true}, {0, "2006-03-28", "BUY", "IBM", 1000, 45, true}, {0, "2006-04-06", "SELL", "IBM", 500, 53, true}, {0, "2006-04-05", "BUY", "MSOFT", 1000, 72, false}, } for _, trans := range transactions { err := trans.save(db, "stocks") check(err) } fmt.Println("Id Date Trans Sym Qty Price Settled") fmt.Println("------------------------------------------------") db.View(func(tx *bolt.Tx) error { b := tx.Bucket([]byte("stocks")) b.ForEach(func(k, v []byte) error { st := new(StockTrans) err := json.Unmarshal(v, st) check(err) fmt.Printf("%d %s  %-4s  %-5s %4d %2.2f %t\n", st.Id, st.Date, st.Trans, st.Symbol, st.Quantity, st.Price, st.Settled) return nil }) return nil }) }
#include <sqlite3.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <stdio.h> int main() { sqlite3 *db = NULL; char *errmsg; const char *code = "CREATE TABLE employee (\n" " empID INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,\n" " firstName TEXT NOT NULL,\n" " lastName TEXT NOT NULL,\n" " AGE INTEGER NOT NULL,\n" " DOB DATE NOT NULL)\n" ; if ( sqlite3_open("employee.db", &db) == SQLITE_OK ) { sqlite3_exec(db, code, NULL, NULL, &errmsg); sqlite3_close(db); } else { fprintf(stderr, "cannot open db...\n"); sqlite3_close(db); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } return 0; }
Produce a language-to-language conversion: from Go to C, same semantics.
package main import ( "fmt" "math" ) type circle struct { x, y, r float64 } func main() { c1 := circle{0, 0, 1} c2 := circle{4, 0, 1} c3 := circle{2, 4, 2} fmt.Println(ap(c1, c2, c3, true)) fmt.Println(ap(c1, c2, c3, false)) } func ap(c1, c2, c3 circle, s bool) circle { x1sq := c1.x * c1.x y1sq := c1.y * c1.y r1sq := c1.r * c1.r x2sq := c2.x * c2.x y2sq := c2.y * c2.y r2sq := c2.r * c2.r x3sq := c3.x * c3.x y3sq := c3.y * c3.y r3sq := c3.r * c3.r v11 := 2 * (c2.x - c1.x) v12 := 2 * (c2.y - c1.y) v13 := x1sq - x2sq + y1sq - y2sq - r1sq + r2sq v14 := 2 * (c2.r - c1.r) v21 := 2 * (c3.x - c2.x) v22 := 2 * (c3.y - c2.y) v23 := x2sq - x3sq + y2sq - y3sq - r2sq + r3sq v24 := 2 * (c3.r - c2.r) if s { v14 = -v14 v24 = -v24 } w12 := v12 / v11 w13 := v13 / v11 w14 := v14 / v11 w22 := v22/v21 - w12 w23 := v23/v21 - w13 w24 := v24/v21 - w14 p := -w23 / w22 q := w24 / w22 m := -w12*p - w13 n := w14 - w12*q a := n*n + q*q - 1 b := m*n - n*c1.x + p*q - q*c1.y if s { b -= c1.r } else { b += c1.r } b *= 2 c := x1sq + m*m - 2*m*c1.x + p*p + y1sq - 2*p*c1.y - r1sq d := b*b - 4*a*c rs := (-b - math.Sqrt(d)) / (2 * a) return circle{m + n*rs, p + q*rs, rs} }
#include <stdio.h> #include <tgmath.h> #define VERBOSE 0 #define for3 for(int i = 0; i < 3; i++) typedef complex double vec; typedef struct { vec c; double r; } circ; #define re(x) creal(x) #define im(x) cimag(x) #define cp(x) re(x), im(x) #define CPLX "(%6.3f,%6.3f)" #define CPLX3 CPLX" "CPLX" "CPLX double cross(vec a, vec b) { return re(a) * im(b) - im(a) * re(b); } double abs2(vec a) { return a * conj(a); } int apollonius_in(circ aa[], int ss[], int flip, int divert) { vec n[3], x[3], t[3], a, b, center; int s[3], iter = 0, res = 0; double diff = 1, diff_old = -1, axb, d, r; for3 { s[i] = ss[i] ? 1 : -1; x[i] = aa[i].c; } while (diff > 1e-20) { a = x[0] - x[2], b = x[1] - x[2]; diff = 0; axb = -cross(a, b); d = sqrt(abs2(a) * abs2(b) * abs2(a - b)); if (VERBOSE) { const char *z = 1 + "-0+"; printf("%c%c%c|%c%c|", z[s[0]], z[s[1]], z[s[2]], z[flip], z[divert]); printf(CPLX3, cp(x[0]), cp(x[1]), cp(x[2])); } r = fabs(d / (2 * axb)); center = (abs2(a)*b - abs2(b)*a) / (2 * axb) * I + x[2]; if (!axb && flip != -1 && !divert) { if (!d) { printf("Given conditions confused me.\n"); return 0; } if (VERBOSE) puts("\n[divert]"); divert = 1; res = apollonius_in(aa, ss, -1, 1); } for3 n[i] = axb ? aa[i].c - center : a * I * flip; for3 t[i] = aa[i].c + n[i] / cabs(n[i]) * aa[i].r * s[i]; for3 diff += abs2(t[i] - x[i]), x[i] = t[i]; if (VERBOSE) printf(" %g\n", diff); if (diff >= diff_old && diff_old >= 0) if (iter++ > 20) return res; diff_old = diff; } printf("found: "); if (axb) printf("circle "CPLX", r = %f\n", cp(center), r); else printf("line "CPLX3"\n", cp(x[0]), cp(x[1]), cp(x[2])); return res + 1; } int apollonius(circ aa[]) { int s[3], i, sum = 0; for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) { s[0] = i & 1, s[1] = i & 2, s[2] = i & 4; if (s[0] && !aa[0].r) continue; if (s[1] && !aa[1].r) continue; if (s[2] && !aa[2].r) continue; sum += apollonius_in(aa, s, 1, 0); } return sum; } int main() { circ a[3] = {{0, 1}, {4, 1}, {2 + 4 * I, 1}}; circ b[3] = {{-3, 2}, {0, 1}, {3, 2}}; circ c[3] = {{-2, 1}, {0, 1}, {2 * I, 1}}; puts("set 1"); apollonius(a); puts("set 2"); apollonius(b); puts("set 3"); apollonius(c); }
Change the programming language of this snippet from Go to C without modifying what it does.
package main import ( gc "github.com/rthornton128/goncurses" "log" "math/rand" "time" ) const ( lineLen = 5 disjoint = 0 ) var ( board [][]int width int height int ) const ( blank = 0 occupied = 1 << (iota - 1) dirNS dirEW dirNESW dirNWSE newlyAdded current ) var ofs = [4][3]int{ {0, 1, dirNS}, {1, 0, dirEW}, {1, -1, dirNESW}, {1, 1, dirNWSE}, } type move struct{ m, s, seq, x, y int } func btoi(b bool) int { if b { return 1 } return 0 } func allocBoard(w, h int) [][]int { buf := make([][]int, h) for i := 0; i < h; i++ { buf[i] = make([]int, w) } return buf } func boardSet(v, x0, y0, x1, y1 int) { for i := y0; i <= y1; i++ { for j := x0; j <= x1; j++ { board[i][j] = v } } } func initBoard() { height = 3 * (lineLen - 1) width = height board = allocBoard(width, height) boardSet(occupied, lineLen-1, 1, 2*lineLen-3, height-2) boardSet(occupied, 1, lineLen-1, width-2, 2*lineLen-3) boardSet(blank, lineLen, 2, 2*lineLen-4, height-3) boardSet(blank, 2, lineLen, width-3, 2*lineLen-4) } func expandBoard(dw, dh int) { dw2, dh2 := 1, 1 if dw == 0 { dw2 = 0 } if dh == 0 { dh2 = 0 } nw, nh := width+dw2, height+dh2 nbuf := allocBoard(nw, nh) dw, dh = -btoi(dw < 0), -btoi(dh < 0) for i := 0; i < nh; i++ { if i+dh < 0 || i+dh >= height { continue } for j := 0; j < nw; j++ { if j+dw < 0 || j+dw >= width { continue } nbuf[i][j] = board[i+dh][j+dw] } } board = nbuf width, height = nw, nh } func showBoard(scr *gc.Window) { for i := 0; i < height; i++ { for j := 0; j < width; j++ { var temp string switch { case (board[i][j] & current) != 0: temp = "X " case (board[i][j] & newlyAdded) != 0: temp = "0 " case (board[i][j] & occupied) != 0: temp = "+ " default: temp = " " } scr.MovePrintf(i+1, j*2, temp) } } scr.Refresh() } func testPosition(y, x int, rec *move) { if (board[y][x] & occupied) != 0 { return } for m := 0; m < 4; m++ { dx := ofs[m][0] dy := ofs[m][1] dir := ofs[m][2] var k int for s := 1 - lineLen; s <= 0; s++ { for k = 0; k < lineLen; k++ { if s+k == 0 { continue } xx := x + dx*(s+k) yy := y + dy*(s+k) if xx < 0 || xx >= width || yy < 0 || yy >= height { break } if (board[yy][xx] & occupied) == 0 { break } if (board[yy][xx] & dir) != 0 { break } } if k != lineLen { continue } rec.seq++ if rand.Intn(rec.seq) == 0 { rec.m, rec.s, rec.x, rec.y = m, s, x, y } } } } func addPiece(rec *move) { dx := ofs[rec.m][0] dy := ofs[rec.m][1] dir := ofs[rec.m][2] board[rec.y][rec.x] |= current | occupied for k := 0; k < lineLen; k++ { xx := rec.x + dx*(k+rec.s) yy := rec.y + dy*(k+rec.s) board[yy][xx] |= newlyAdded if k >= disjoint || k < lineLen-disjoint { board[yy][xx] |= dir } } } func nextMove() bool { var rec move for i := 0; i < height; i++ { for j := 0; j < width; j++ { board[i][j] &^= newlyAdded | current } } for i := 0; i < height; i++ { for j := 0; j < width; j++ { testPosition(i, j, &rec) } } if rec.seq == 0 { return false } addPiece(&rec) if rec.x == width-1 { rec.x = 1 } else if rec.x != 0 { rec.x = 0 } else { rec.x = -1 } if rec.y == height-1 { rec.y = 1 } else if rec.y != 0 { rec.y = 0 } else { rec.y = -1 } if rec.x != 0 || rec.y != 0 { expandBoard(rec.x, rec.y) } return true } func main() { rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano()) initBoard() scr, err := gc.Init() if err != nil { log.Fatal("init", err) } defer gc.End() gc.Echo(false) gc.CBreak(true) ch := gc.Key(0) move := 0 waitKey := true for { scr.MovePrintf(0, 0, "Move %d", move) move++ showBoard(scr) if !nextMove() { nextMove() showBoard(scr) break } if !waitKey { time.Sleep(100000 * time.Microsecond) } if ch = scr.GetChar(); ch == ' ' { waitKey = !waitKey if waitKey { scr.Timeout(-1) } else { scr.Timeout(0) } } if ch == 'q' { break } } scr.Timeout(-1) gc.CBreak(false) gc.Echo(true) }
#include <ncurses.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <time.h> int line_len = 5; int disjoint = 0; int **board = 0, width, height; #define for_i for(i = 0; i < height; i++) #define for_j for(j = 0; j < width; j++) enum { s_blank = 0, s_occupied = 1 << 0, s_dir_ns = 1 << 1, s_dir_ew = 1 << 2, s_dir_ne_sw = 1 << 3, s_dir_nw_se = 1 << 4, s_newly_added = 1 << 5, s_current = 1 << 6, }; int irand(int n) { int r, rand_max = RAND_MAX - (RAND_MAX % n); while ((r = rand()) >= rand_max); return r / (rand_max / n); } int** alloc_board(int w, int h) { int i; int **buf = calloc(1, sizeof(int *) * h + sizeof(int) * h * w); buf[0] = (int*)(buf + h); for (i = 1; i < h; i++) buf[i] = buf[i - 1] + w; return buf; } void expand_board(int dw, int dh) { int i, j; int nw = width + !!dw, nh = height + !!dh; int **nbuf = alloc_board(nw, nh); dw = -(dw < 0), dh = -(dh < 0); for (i = 0; i < nh; i++) { if (i + dh < 0 || i + dh >= height) continue; for (j = 0; j < nw; j++) { if (j + dw < 0 || j + dw >= width) continue; nbuf[i][j] = board[i + dh][j + dw]; } } free(board); board = nbuf; width = nw; height = nh; } void array_set(int **buf, int v, int x0, int y0, int x1, int y1) { int i, j; for (i = y0; i <= y1; i++) for (j = x0; j <= x1; j++) buf[i][j] = v; } void show_board() { int i, j; for_i for_j mvprintw(i + 1, j * 2, (board[i][j] & s_current) ? "X " : (board[i][j] & s_newly_added) ? "O " : (board[i][j] & s_occupied) ? "+ " : " "); refresh(); } void init_board() { width = height = 3 * (line_len - 1); board = alloc_board(width, height); array_set(board, s_occupied, line_len - 1, 1, 2 * line_len - 3, height - 2); array_set(board, s_occupied, 1, line_len - 1, width - 2, 2 * line_len - 3); array_set(board, s_blank, line_len, 2, 2 * line_len - 4, height - 3); array_set(board, s_blank, 2, line_len, width - 3, 2 * line_len - 4); } int ofs[4][3] = { {0, 1, s_dir_ns}, {1, 0, s_dir_ew}, {1, -1, s_dir_ne_sw}, {1, 1, s_dir_nw_se} }; typedef struct { int m, s, seq, x, y; } move_t; void test_postion(int y, int x, move_t * rec) { int m, k, s, dx, dy, xx, yy, dir; if (board[y][x] & s_occupied) return; for (m = 0; m < 4; m++) { dx = ofs[m][0]; dy = ofs[m][1]; dir = ofs[m][2]; for (s = 1 - line_len; s <= 0; s++) { for (k = 0; k < line_len; k++) { if (s + k == 0) continue; xx = x + dx * (s + k); yy = y + dy * (s + k); if (xx < 0 || xx >= width || yy < 0 || yy >= height) break; if (!(board[yy][xx] & s_occupied)) break; if ((board[yy][xx] & dir)) break; } if (k != line_len) continue; if (! irand(++rec->seq)) rec->m = m, rec->s = s, rec->x = x, rec->y = y; } } } void add_piece(move_t *rec) { int dx = ofs[rec->m][0]; int dy = ofs[rec->m][1]; int dir= ofs[rec->m][2]; int xx, yy, k; board[rec->y][rec->x] |= (s_current | s_occupied); for (k = 0; k < line_len; k++) { xx = rec->x + dx * (k + rec->s); yy = rec->y + dy * (k + rec->s); board[yy][xx] |= s_newly_added; if (k >= disjoint || k < line_len - disjoint) board[yy][xx] |= dir; } } int next_move() { int i, j; move_t rec; rec.seq = 0; for_i for_j board[i][j] &= ~(s_newly_added | s_current); for_i for_j test_postion(i, j, &rec); if (!rec.seq) return 0; add_piece(&rec); rec.x = (rec.x == width - 1) ? 1 : rec.x ? 0 : -1; rec.y = (rec.y == height - 1) ? 1 : rec.y ? 0 : -1; if (rec.x || rec.y) expand_board(rec.x, rec.y); return 1; } int main() { int ch = 0; int move = 0; int wait_key = 1; init_board(); srand(time(0)); initscr(); noecho(); cbreak(); do { mvprintw(0, 0, "Move %d", move++); show_board(); if (!next_move()) { next_move(); show_board(); break; } if (!wait_key) usleep(100000); if ((ch = getch()) == ' ') { wait_key = !wait_key; if (wait_key) timeout(-1); else timeout(0); } } while (ch != 'q'); timeout(-1); nocbreak(); echo(); endwin(); return 0; }
Keep all operations the same but rewrite the snippet in C.
package main import ( gc "github.com/rthornton128/goncurses" "log" "math/rand" "time" ) const ( lineLen = 5 disjoint = 0 ) var ( board [][]int width int height int ) const ( blank = 0 occupied = 1 << (iota - 1) dirNS dirEW dirNESW dirNWSE newlyAdded current ) var ofs = [4][3]int{ {0, 1, dirNS}, {1, 0, dirEW}, {1, -1, dirNESW}, {1, 1, dirNWSE}, } type move struct{ m, s, seq, x, y int } func btoi(b bool) int { if b { return 1 } return 0 } func allocBoard(w, h int) [][]int { buf := make([][]int, h) for i := 0; i < h; i++ { buf[i] = make([]int, w) } return buf } func boardSet(v, x0, y0, x1, y1 int) { for i := y0; i <= y1; i++ { for j := x0; j <= x1; j++ { board[i][j] = v } } } func initBoard() { height = 3 * (lineLen - 1) width = height board = allocBoard(width, height) boardSet(occupied, lineLen-1, 1, 2*lineLen-3, height-2) boardSet(occupied, 1, lineLen-1, width-2, 2*lineLen-3) boardSet(blank, lineLen, 2, 2*lineLen-4, height-3) boardSet(blank, 2, lineLen, width-3, 2*lineLen-4) } func expandBoard(dw, dh int) { dw2, dh2 := 1, 1 if dw == 0 { dw2 = 0 } if dh == 0 { dh2 = 0 } nw, nh := width+dw2, height+dh2 nbuf := allocBoard(nw, nh) dw, dh = -btoi(dw < 0), -btoi(dh < 0) for i := 0; i < nh; i++ { if i+dh < 0 || i+dh >= height { continue } for j := 0; j < nw; j++ { if j+dw < 0 || j+dw >= width { continue } nbuf[i][j] = board[i+dh][j+dw] } } board = nbuf width, height = nw, nh } func showBoard(scr *gc.Window) { for i := 0; i < height; i++ { for j := 0; j < width; j++ { var temp string switch { case (board[i][j] & current) != 0: temp = "X " case (board[i][j] & newlyAdded) != 0: temp = "0 " case (board[i][j] & occupied) != 0: temp = "+ " default: temp = " " } scr.MovePrintf(i+1, j*2, temp) } } scr.Refresh() } func testPosition(y, x int, rec *move) { if (board[y][x] & occupied) != 0 { return } for m := 0; m < 4; m++ { dx := ofs[m][0] dy := ofs[m][1] dir := ofs[m][2] var k int for s := 1 - lineLen; s <= 0; s++ { for k = 0; k < lineLen; k++ { if s+k == 0 { continue } xx := x + dx*(s+k) yy := y + dy*(s+k) if xx < 0 || xx >= width || yy < 0 || yy >= height { break } if (board[yy][xx] & occupied) == 0 { break } if (board[yy][xx] & dir) != 0 { break } } if k != lineLen { continue } rec.seq++ if rand.Intn(rec.seq) == 0 { rec.m, rec.s, rec.x, rec.y = m, s, x, y } } } } func addPiece(rec *move) { dx := ofs[rec.m][0] dy := ofs[rec.m][1] dir := ofs[rec.m][2] board[rec.y][rec.x] |= current | occupied for k := 0; k < lineLen; k++ { xx := rec.x + dx*(k+rec.s) yy := rec.y + dy*(k+rec.s) board[yy][xx] |= newlyAdded if k >= disjoint || k < lineLen-disjoint { board[yy][xx] |= dir } } } func nextMove() bool { var rec move for i := 0; i < height; i++ { for j := 0; j < width; j++ { board[i][j] &^= newlyAdded | current } } for i := 0; i < height; i++ { for j := 0; j < width; j++ { testPosition(i, j, &rec) } } if rec.seq == 0 { return false } addPiece(&rec) if rec.x == width-1 { rec.x = 1 } else if rec.x != 0 { rec.x = 0 } else { rec.x = -1 } if rec.y == height-1 { rec.y = 1 } else if rec.y != 0 { rec.y = 0 } else { rec.y = -1 } if rec.x != 0 || rec.y != 0 { expandBoard(rec.x, rec.y) } return true } func main() { rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano()) initBoard() scr, err := gc.Init() if err != nil { log.Fatal("init", err) } defer gc.End() gc.Echo(false) gc.CBreak(true) ch := gc.Key(0) move := 0 waitKey := true for { scr.MovePrintf(0, 0, "Move %d", move) move++ showBoard(scr) if !nextMove() { nextMove() showBoard(scr) break } if !waitKey { time.Sleep(100000 * time.Microsecond) } if ch = scr.GetChar(); ch == ' ' { waitKey = !waitKey if waitKey { scr.Timeout(-1) } else { scr.Timeout(0) } } if ch == 'q' { break } } scr.Timeout(-1) gc.CBreak(false) gc.Echo(true) }
#include <ncurses.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <time.h> int line_len = 5; int disjoint = 0; int **board = 0, width, height; #define for_i for(i = 0; i < height; i++) #define for_j for(j = 0; j < width; j++) enum { s_blank = 0, s_occupied = 1 << 0, s_dir_ns = 1 << 1, s_dir_ew = 1 << 2, s_dir_ne_sw = 1 << 3, s_dir_nw_se = 1 << 4, s_newly_added = 1 << 5, s_current = 1 << 6, }; int irand(int n) { int r, rand_max = RAND_MAX - (RAND_MAX % n); while ((r = rand()) >= rand_max); return r / (rand_max / n); } int** alloc_board(int w, int h) { int i; int **buf = calloc(1, sizeof(int *) * h + sizeof(int) * h * w); buf[0] = (int*)(buf + h); for (i = 1; i < h; i++) buf[i] = buf[i - 1] + w; return buf; } void expand_board(int dw, int dh) { int i, j; int nw = width + !!dw, nh = height + !!dh; int **nbuf = alloc_board(nw, nh); dw = -(dw < 0), dh = -(dh < 0); for (i = 0; i < nh; i++) { if (i + dh < 0 || i + dh >= height) continue; for (j = 0; j < nw; j++) { if (j + dw < 0 || j + dw >= width) continue; nbuf[i][j] = board[i + dh][j + dw]; } } free(board); board = nbuf; width = nw; height = nh; } void array_set(int **buf, int v, int x0, int y0, int x1, int y1) { int i, j; for (i = y0; i <= y1; i++) for (j = x0; j <= x1; j++) buf[i][j] = v; } void show_board() { int i, j; for_i for_j mvprintw(i + 1, j * 2, (board[i][j] & s_current) ? "X " : (board[i][j] & s_newly_added) ? "O " : (board[i][j] & s_occupied) ? "+ " : " "); refresh(); } void init_board() { width = height = 3 * (line_len - 1); board = alloc_board(width, height); array_set(board, s_occupied, line_len - 1, 1, 2 * line_len - 3, height - 2); array_set(board, s_occupied, 1, line_len - 1, width - 2, 2 * line_len - 3); array_set(board, s_blank, line_len, 2, 2 * line_len - 4, height - 3); array_set(board, s_blank, 2, line_len, width - 3, 2 * line_len - 4); } int ofs[4][3] = { {0, 1, s_dir_ns}, {1, 0, s_dir_ew}, {1, -1, s_dir_ne_sw}, {1, 1, s_dir_nw_se} }; typedef struct { int m, s, seq, x, y; } move_t; void test_postion(int y, int x, move_t * rec) { int m, k, s, dx, dy, xx, yy, dir; if (board[y][x] & s_occupied) return; for (m = 0; m < 4; m++) { dx = ofs[m][0]; dy = ofs[m][1]; dir = ofs[m][2]; for (s = 1 - line_len; s <= 0; s++) { for (k = 0; k < line_len; k++) { if (s + k == 0) continue; xx = x + dx * (s + k); yy = y + dy * (s + k); if (xx < 0 || xx >= width || yy < 0 || yy >= height) break; if (!(board[yy][xx] & s_occupied)) break; if ((board[yy][xx] & dir)) break; } if (k != line_len) continue; if (! irand(++rec->seq)) rec->m = m, rec->s = s, rec->x = x, rec->y = y; } } } void add_piece(move_t *rec) { int dx = ofs[rec->m][0]; int dy = ofs[rec->m][1]; int dir= ofs[rec->m][2]; int xx, yy, k; board[rec->y][rec->x] |= (s_current | s_occupied); for (k = 0; k < line_len; k++) { xx = rec->x + dx * (k + rec->s); yy = rec->y + dy * (k + rec->s); board[yy][xx] |= s_newly_added; if (k >= disjoint || k < line_len - disjoint) board[yy][xx] |= dir; } } int next_move() { int i, j; move_t rec; rec.seq = 0; for_i for_j board[i][j] &= ~(s_newly_added | s_current); for_i for_j test_postion(i, j, &rec); if (!rec.seq) return 0; add_piece(&rec); rec.x = (rec.x == width - 1) ? 1 : rec.x ? 0 : -1; rec.y = (rec.y == height - 1) ? 1 : rec.y ? 0 : -1; if (rec.x || rec.y) expand_board(rec.x, rec.y); return 1; } int main() { int ch = 0; int move = 0; int wait_key = 1; init_board(); srand(time(0)); initscr(); noecho(); cbreak(); do { mvprintw(0, 0, "Move %d", move++); show_board(); if (!next_move()) { next_move(); show_board(); break; } if (!wait_key) usleep(100000); if ((ch = getch()) == ' ') { wait_key = !wait_key; if (wait_key) timeout(-1); else timeout(0); } } while (ch != 'q'); timeout(-1); nocbreak(); echo(); endwin(); return 0; }
Port the provided Go code into C while preserving the original functionality.
package main import "fmt" func main() { list1 := [9]int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9} list2 := [9]int{10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18} list3 := [9]int{19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27} var list [9]int for i := 0; i < 9; i++ { list[i] = list1[i]*1e4 + list2[i]*1e2 + list3[i] } fmt.Println(list) }
#include<stdio.h> #include<stdlib.h> int main(void) { int list[3][9], i; for(i=0;i<27;i++) list[i/9][i%9]=1+i; for(i=0;i<9;i++) printf( "%d%d%d ", list[0][i], list[1][i], list[2][i] ); return 0; }
Can you help me rewrite this code in C instead of Go, keeping it the same logically?
package main import "fmt" func main() { list1 := [9]int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9} list2 := [9]int{10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18} list3 := [9]int{19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27} var list [9]int for i := 0; i < 9; i++ { list[i] = list1[i]*1e4 + list2[i]*1e2 + list3[i] } fmt.Println(list) }
#include<stdio.h> #include<stdlib.h> int main(void) { int list[3][9], i; for(i=0;i<27;i++) list[i/9][i%9]=1+i; for(i=0;i<9;i++) printf( "%d%d%d ", list[0][i], list[1][i], list[2][i] ); return 0; }
Produce a language-to-language conversion: from Go to C, same semantics.
package main import ( "fmt" "strings" ) func lcs(a []string) string { le := len(a) if le == 0 { return "" } if le == 1 { return a[0] } le0 := len(a[0]) minLen := le0 for i := 1; i < le; i++ { if len(a[i]) < minLen { minLen = len(a[i]) } } if minLen == 0 { return "" } res := "" a1 := a[1:] for i := 1; i <= minLen; i++ { suffix := a[0][le0-i:] for _, e := range a1 { if !strings.HasSuffix(e, suffix) { return res } } res = suffix } return res } func main() { tests := [][]string{ {"baabababc", "baabc", "bbbabc"}, {"baabababc", "baabc", "bbbazc"}, {"Sunday", "Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday", "Thursday", "Friday", "Saturday"}, {"longest", "common", "suffix"}, {"suffix"}, {""}, } for _, test := range tests { fmt.Printf("%v -> \"%s\"\n", test, lcs(test)) } }
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> typedef struct node_t { char *elem; int length; struct node_t *next; } node; node *make_node(char *s) { node *t = malloc(sizeof(node)); t->elem = s; t->length = strlen(s); t->next = NULL; return t; } void append_node(node *head, node *elem) { while (head->next != NULL) { head = head->next; } head->next = elem; } void print_node(node *n) { putc('[', stdout); while (n != NULL) { printf("`%s` ", n->elem); n = n->next; } putc(']', stdout); } char *lcs(node *list) { int minLen = INT_MAX; int i; char *res; node *ptr; if (list == NULL) { return ""; } if (list->next == NULL) { return list->elem; } for (ptr = list; ptr != NULL; ptr = ptr->next) { minLen = min(minLen, ptr->length); } if (minLen == 0) { return ""; } res = ""; for (i = 1; i < minLen; i++) { char *suffix = &list->elem[list->length - i]; for (ptr = list->next; ptr != NULL; ptr = ptr->next) { char *e = &ptr->elem[ptr->length - i]; if (strcmp(suffix, e) != 0) { return res; } } res = suffix; } return res; } void test(node *n) { print_node(n); printf(" -> `%s`\n", lcs(n)); } void case1() { node *n = make_node("baabababc"); append_node(n, make_node("baabc")); append_node(n, make_node("bbbabc")); test(n); } void case2() { node *n = make_node("baabababc"); append_node(n, make_node("baabc")); append_node(n, make_node("bbbazc")); test(n); } void case3() { node *n = make_node("Sunday"); append_node(n, make_node("Monday")); append_node(n, make_node("Tuesday")); append_node(n, make_node("Wednesday")); append_node(n, make_node("Thursday")); append_node(n, make_node("Friday")); append_node(n, make_node("Saturday")); test(n); } void case4() { node *n = make_node("longest"); append_node(n, make_node("common")); append_node(n, make_node("suffix")); test(n); } void case5() { node *n = make_node("suffix"); test(n); } void case6() { node *n = make_node(""); test(n); } int main() { case1(); case2(); case3(); case4(); case5(); case6(); return 0; }
Transform the following Go implementation into C, maintaining the same output and logic.
package main import ( "bufio" "flag" "fmt" "log" "net" "strings" "time" ) func main() { log.SetPrefix("chat: ") addr := flag.String("addr", "localhost:4000", "listen address") flag.Parse() log.Fatal(ListenAndServe(*addr)) } type Server struct { add chan *conn rem chan string msg chan string stop chan bool } func ListenAndServe(addr string) error { ln, err := net.Listen("tcp", addr) if err != nil { return err } log.Println("Listening for connections on", addr) defer ln.Close() s := &Server{ add: make(chan *conn), rem: make(chan string), msg: make(chan string), stop: make(chan bool), } go s.handleConns() for { rwc, err := ln.Accept() if err != nil { close(s.stop) return err } log.Println("New connection from", rwc.RemoteAddr()) go newConn(s, rwc).welcome() } } func (s *Server) handleConns() { conns := make(map[string]*conn) var dropConn func(string) writeAll := func(str string) { log.Printf("Broadcast: %q", str) for name, c := range conns { c.SetWriteDeadline(time.Now().Add(500 * time.Millisecond)) _, err := c.Write([]byte(str)) if err != nil { log.Printf("Error writing to %q: %v", name, err) c.Close() delete(conns, name) defer dropConn(name) } } } dropConn = func(name string) { if c, ok := conns[name]; ok { log.Printf("Closing connection with %q from %v", name, c.RemoteAddr()) c.Close() delete(conns, name) } else { log.Printf("Dropped connection with %q", name) } str := fmt.Sprintf("--- %q disconnected ---\n", name) writeAll(str) } defer func() { writeAll("Server stopping!\n") for _, c := range conns { c.Close() } }() for { select { case c := <-s.add: if _, exists := conns[c.name]; exists { fmt.Fprintf(c, "Name %q is not available\n", c.name) go c.welcome() continue } str := fmt.Sprintf("+++ %q connected +++\n", c.name) writeAll(str) conns[c.name] = c go c.readloop() case str := <-s.msg: writeAll(str) case name := <-s.rem: dropConn(name) case <-s.stop: return } } } type conn struct { *bufio.Reader net.Conn server *Server name string } func newConn(s *Server, rwc net.Conn) *conn { return &conn{ Reader: bufio.NewReader(rwc), Conn: rwc, server: s, } } func (c *conn) welcome() { var err error for c.name = ""; c.name == ""; { fmt.Fprint(c, "Enter your name: ") c.name, err = c.ReadString('\n') if err != nil { log.Printf("Reading name from %v: %v", c.RemoteAddr(), err) c.Close() return } c.name = strings.TrimSpace(c.name) } c.server.add <- c } func (c *conn) readloop() { for { msg, err := c.ReadString('\n') if err != nil { break } c.server.msg <- c.name + "> " + msg } c.server.rem <- c.name }
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <sys/socket.h> #include <sys/select.h> #include <netinet/in.h> #include <netinet/ip.h> int tsocket; struct sockaddr_in tsockinfo; fd_set status, current; void ClientText(int handle, char *buf, int buf_len); struct client { char buffer[4096]; int pos; char name[32]; } *connections[FD_SETSIZE]; void AddConnection(int handle) { connections[handle] = malloc(sizeof(struct client)); connections[handle]->buffer[0] = '\0'; connections[handle]->pos = 0; connections[handle]->name[0] = '\0'; } void CloseConnection(int handle) { char buf[512]; int j; FD_CLR(handle, &status); if (connections[handle]->name[0]) { sprintf(buf, "* Disconnected: %s\r\n", connections[handle]->name); for (j = 0; j < FD_SETSIZE; j++) { if (handle != j && j != tsocket && FD_ISSET(j, &status)) { if (write(j, buf, strlen(buf)) < 0) { CloseConnection(j); } } } } else { printf ("-- Connection %d disconnected\n", handle); } if (connections[handle]) { free(connections[handle]); } close(handle); } void strip(char *buf) { char *x; x = strchr(buf, '\n'); if (x) { *x='\0'; } x = strchr(buf, '\r'); if (x) { *x='\0'; } } int RelayText(int handle) { char *begin, *end; int ret = 0; begin = connections[handle]->buffer; if (connections[handle]->pos == 4000) { if (begin[3999] != '\n') begin[4000] = '\0'; else { begin[4000] = '\n'; begin[4001] = '\0'; } } else { begin[connections[handle]->pos] = '\0'; } end = strchr(begin, '\n'); while (end != NULL) { char output[8000]; output[0] = '\0'; if (!connections[handle]->name[0]) { strncpy(connections[handle]->name, begin, 31); connections[handle]->name[31] = '\0'; strip(connections[handle]->name); sprintf(output, "* Connected: %s\r\n", connections[handle]->name); ret = 1; } else { sprintf(output, "%s: %.*s\r\n", connections[handle]->name, end-begin, begin); ret = 1; } if (output[0]) { int j; for (j = 0; j < FD_SETSIZE; j++) { if (handle != j && j != tsocket && FD_ISSET(j, &status)) { if (write(j, output, strlen(output)) < 0) { CloseConnection(j); } } } } begin = end+1; end = strchr(begin, '\n'); } strcpy(connections[handle]->buffer, begin); connections[handle]->pos -= begin - connections[handle]->buffer; return ret; } void ClientText(int handle, char *buf, int buf_len) { int i, j; if (!connections[handle]) return; j = connections[handle]->pos; for (i = 0; i < buf_len; ++i, ++j) { connections[handle]->buffer[j] = buf[i]; if (j == 4000) { while (RelayText(handle)); j = connections[handle]->pos; } } connections[handle]->pos = j; while (RelayText(handle)); } int ChatLoop() { int i, j; FD_ZERO(&status); FD_SET(tsocket, &status); FD_SET(0, &status); while(1) { current = status; if (select(FD_SETSIZE, &current, NULL, NULL, NULL)==-1) { perror("Select"); return 0; } for (i = 0; i < FD_SETSIZE; ++i) { if (FD_ISSET(i, &current)) { if (i == tsocket) { struct sockaddr_in cliinfo; socklen_t addrlen = sizeof(cliinfo); int handle; handle = accept(tsocket, &cliinfo, &addrlen); if (handle == -1) { perror ("Couldn't accept connection"); } else if (handle > FD_SETSIZE) { printf ("Unable to accept new connection.\n"); close(handle); } else { if (write(handle, "Enter name: ", 12) >= 0) { printf("-- New connection %d from %s:%hu\n", handle, inet_ntoa (cliinfo.sin_addr), ntohs(cliinfo.sin_port)); FD_SET(handle, &status); AddConnection(handle); } } } else { char buf[512]; int b; b = read(i, buf, 500); if (b <= 0) { CloseConnection(i); } else { ClientText(i, buf, b); } } } } } } int main (int argc, char*argv[]) { tsocket = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0); tsockinfo.sin_family = AF_INET; tsockinfo.sin_port = htons(7070); if (argc > 1) { tsockinfo.sin_port = htons(atoi(argv[1])); } tsockinfo.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY); printf ("Socket %d on port %hu\n", tsocket, ntohs(tsockinfo.sin_port)); if (bind(tsocket, &tsockinfo, sizeof(tsockinfo)) == -1) { perror("Couldn't bind socket"); return -1; } if (listen(tsocket, 10) == -1) { perror("Couldn't listen to port"); } ChatLoop(); return 0; }
Write the same algorithm in C as shown in this Go implementation.
package main import ( "fmt" "runtime" "sync" ) func main() { p := sync.Pool{New: func() interface{} { fmt.Println("pool empty") return new(int) }} i := new(int) j := new(int) *i = 1 *j = 2 fmt.Println(*i + *j) p.Put(i) p.Put(j) i = nil j = nil i = p.Get().(*int) j = p.Get().(*int) *i = 4 *j = 5 fmt.Println(*i + *j) p.Put(i) p.Put(j) i = nil j = nil runtime.GC() i = p.Get().(*int) j = p.Get().(*int) *i = 7 *j = 8 fmt.Println(*i + *j) }
#include <stdlib.h>
Produce a language-to-language conversion: from Go to C, same semantics.
package main import ( "fmt" "runtime" "sync" ) func main() { p := sync.Pool{New: func() interface{} { fmt.Println("pool empty") return new(int) }} i := new(int) j := new(int) *i = 1 *j = 2 fmt.Println(*i + *j) p.Put(i) p.Put(j) i = nil j = nil i = p.Get().(*int) j = p.Get().(*int) *i = 4 *j = 5 fmt.Println(*i + *j) p.Put(i) p.Put(j) i = nil j = nil runtime.GC() i = p.Get().(*int) j = p.Get().(*int) *i = 7 *j = 8 fmt.Println(*i + *j) }
#include <stdlib.h>
Change the programming language of this snippet from Go to C without modifying what it does.
package main import ( "fmt" "unicode" ) const ( lcASCII = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz" ucASCII = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ" ) func main() { fmt.Println("ASCII lower case:") fmt.Println(lcASCII) for l := 'a'; l <= 'z'; l++ { fmt.Print(string(l)) } fmt.Println() fmt.Println("\nASCII upper case:") fmt.Println(ucASCII) for l := 'A'; l <= 'Z'; l++ { fmt.Print(string(l)) } fmt.Println() fmt.Println("\nUnicode version " + unicode.Version) showRange16("Lower case 16-bit code points:", unicode.Lower.R16) showRange32("Lower case 32-bit code points:", unicode.Lower.R32) showRange16("Upper case 16-bit code points:", unicode.Upper.R16) showRange32("Upper case 32-bit code points:", unicode.Upper.R32) } func showRange16(hdr string, rList []unicode.Range16) { fmt.Print("\n", hdr, "\n") fmt.Printf("%d ranges:\n", len(rList)) for _, rng := range rList { fmt.Printf("%U: ", rng.Lo) for r := rng.Lo; r <= rng.Hi; r += rng.Stride { fmt.Printf("%c", r) } fmt.Println() } } func showRange32(hdr string, rList []unicode.Range32) { fmt.Print("\n", hdr, "\n") fmt.Printf("%d ranges:\n", len(rList)) for _, rng := range rList { fmt.Printf("%U: ", rng.Lo) for r := rng.Lo; r <= rng.Hi; r += rng.Stride { fmt.Printf("%c", r) } fmt.Println() } }
#include <stdio.h> int main(int argc, char const *argv[]) { for (char c = 0x41; c < 0x5b; c ++) putchar(c); putchar('\n'); for (char c = 0x61; c < 0x7b; c ++) putchar(c); putchar('\n'); return 0; }
Convert this Go block to C, preserving its control flow and logic.
package main import ( "fmt" "log" ) func main() { m := [][]int{ {1, 3, 7, 8, 10}, {2, 4, 16, 14, 4}, {3, 1, 9, 18, 11}, {12, 14, 17, 18, 20}, {7, 1, 3, 9, 5}, } if len(m) != len(m[0]) { log.Fatal("Matrix must be square.") } sum := 0 for i := 1; i < len(m); i++ { for j := 0; j < i; j++ { sum = sum + m[i][j] } } fmt.Println("Sum of elements below main diagonal is", sum) }
#include<stdlib.h> #include<stdio.h> typedef struct{ int rows,cols; int** dataSet; }matrix; matrix readMatrix(char* dataFile){ FILE* fp = fopen(dataFile,"r"); matrix rosetta; int i,j; fscanf(fp,"%d%d",&rosetta.rows,&rosetta.cols); rosetta.dataSet = (int**)malloc(rosetta.rows*sizeof(int*)); for(i=0;i<rosetta.rows;i++){ rosetta.dataSet[i] = (int*)malloc(rosetta.cols*sizeof(int)); for(j=0;j<rosetta.cols;j++) fscanf(fp,"%d",&rosetta.dataSet[i][j]); } fclose(fp); return rosetta; } void printMatrix(matrix rosetta){ int i,j; for(i=0;i<rosetta.rows;i++){ printf("\n"); for(j=0;j<rosetta.cols;j++) printf("%3d",rosetta.dataSet[i][j]); } } int findSum(matrix rosetta){ int i,j,sum = 0; for(i=1;i<rosetta.rows;i++){ for(j=0;j<i;j++){ sum += rosetta.dataSet[i][j]; } } return sum; } int main(int argC,char* argV[]) { if(argC!=2) return printf("Usage : %s <filename>",argV[0]); matrix data = readMatrix(argV[1]); printf("\n\nMatrix is : \n\n"); printMatrix(data); printf("\n\nSum below main diagonal : %d",findSum(data)); return 0; }
Preserve the algorithm and functionality while converting the code from Go to C.
package main import ( "fmt" "io/ioutil" "log" "net/http" "os" "strings" "time" ) func get(url string) (res string, err error) { resp, err := http.Get(url) if err != nil { return "", err } buf, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body) if err != nil { return "", err } return string(buf), nil } func grep(needle string, haystack string) (res []string) { for _, line := range strings.Split(haystack, "\n") { if strings.Contains(line, needle) { res = append(res, line) } } return res } func genUrl(i int, loc *time.Location) string { date := time.Now().In(loc).AddDate(0, 0, i) return date.Format("http: } func main() { needle := os.Args[1] back := -10 serverLoc, err := time.LoadLocation("Europe/Berlin") if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } for i := back; i <= 0; i++ { url := genUrl(i, serverLoc) contents, err := get(url) if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } found := grep(needle, contents) if len(found) > 0 { fmt.Printf("%v\n------\n", url) for _, line := range found { fmt.Printf("%v\n", line) } fmt.Printf("------\n\n") } } }
#include<curl/curl.h> #include<string.h> #include<stdio.h> #define MAX_LEN 1000 void searchChatLogs(char* searchString){ char* baseURL = "http: time_t t; struct tm* currentDate; char dateString[30],dateStringFile[30],lineData[MAX_LEN],targetURL[100]; int i,flag; FILE *fp; CURL *curl; CURLcode res; time(&t); currentDate = localtime(&t); strftime(dateString, 30, "%Y-%m-%d", currentDate); printf("Today is : %s",dateString); if((curl = curl_easy_init())!=NULL){ for(i=0;i<=10;i++){ flag = 0; sprintf(targetURL,"%s%s.tcl",baseURL,dateString); strcpy(dateStringFile,dateString); printf("\nRetrieving chat logs from %s\n",targetURL); if((fp = fopen("nul","w"))==0){ printf("Cant's read from %s",targetURL); } else{ curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_URL, targetURL); curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_WRITEDATA, fp); res = curl_easy_perform(curl); if(res == CURLE_OK){ while(fgets(lineData,MAX_LEN,fp)!=NULL){ if(strstr(lineData,searchString)!=NULL){ flag = 1; fputs(lineData,stdout); } } if(flag==0) printf("\nNo matching lines found."); } fflush(fp); fclose(fp); } currentDate->tm_mday--; mktime(currentDate); strftime(dateString, 30, "%Y-%m-%d", currentDate); } curl_easy_cleanup(curl); } } int main(int argC,char* argV[]) { if(argC!=2) printf("Usage : %s <followed by search string, enclosed by \" if it contains spaces>",argV[0]); else searchChatLogs(argV[1]); return 0; }
Write the same algorithm in C as shown in this Go implementation.
package main import ( "bufio" "fmt" "log" "math/rand" "os" "strconv" "time" ) const ( esc = "\033" test = true ) var scanner = bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin) func indexOf(s []int, el int) int { for i, v := range s { if v == el { return i } } return -1 } func getNumber(prompt string, min, max int, showMinMax bool) (int, error) { for { fmt.Print(prompt) if showMinMax { fmt.Printf(" from %d to %d : ", min, max) } else { fmt.Printf(" : ") } scanner.Scan() if scerr := scanner.Err(); scerr != nil { return 0, scerr } input, err := strconv.Atoi(scanner.Text()) if err == nil && input >= min && input <= max { fmt.Println() return input, nil } } } func check(err error, text string) { if err != nil { log.Fatalln(err, text) } } func main() { rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano()) players, err := getNumber("Number of players", 2, 9, true) check(err, "when getting players") coins, err2 := getNumber("Number of coins per player", 3, 6, true) check(err2, "when getting coins") remaining := make([]int, players) for i := range remaining { remaining[i] = i + 1 } first := 1 + rand.Intn(players) fmt.Println("The number of coins in your hand will be randomly determined for") fmt.Println("each round and displayed to you. However, when you press ENTER") fmt.Println("it will be erased so that the other players, who should look") fmt.Println("away until it's their turn, won't see it. When asked to guess") fmt.Println("the total, the computer won't allow a 'bum guess'.") for round := 1; ; round++ { fmt.Printf("\nROUND %d:\n\n", round) n := first hands := make([]int, players+1) guesses := make([]int, players+1) for i := range guesses { guesses[i] = -1 } for { fmt.Printf(" PLAYER %d:\n", n) fmt.Println(" Please come to the computer and press ENTER") hands[n] = rand.Intn(coins + 1) fmt.Print(" <There are ", hands[n], " coin(s) in your hand>") scanner.Scan() check(scanner.Err(), "when pressing ENTER") if !test { fmt.Print(esc, "[1A") fmt.Print(esc, "[2K") fmt.Println("\r") } else { fmt.Println() } for { min := hands[n] max := (len(remaining)-1)*coins + hands[n] guess, err3 := getNumber(" Guess the total", min, max, false) check(err3, "when guessing the total") if indexOf(guesses, guess) == -1 { guesses[n] = guess break } fmt.Println(" Already guessed by another player, try again") } index := indexOf(remaining, n) if index < len(remaining)-1 { n = remaining[index+1] } else { n = remaining[0] } if n == first { break } } total := 0 for _, hand := range hands { total += hand } fmt.Println(" Total coins held =", total) eliminated := false for _, v := range remaining { if guesses[v] == total { fmt.Println(" PLAYER", v, "guessed correctly and is eliminated") r := indexOf(remaining, v) remaining = append(remaining[:r], remaining[r+1:]...) eliminated = true break } } if !eliminated { fmt.Println(" No players guessed correctly in this round") } else if len(remaining) == 1 { fmt.Println("\nPLAYER", remaining[0], "buys the drinks!") return } index2 := indexOf(remaining, n) if index2 < len(remaining)-1 { first = remaining[index2+1] } else { first = remaining[0] } } }
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <time.h> #define TRUE 1 #define FALSE 0 #define ESC 27 #define TEST TRUE typedef int bool; int get_number(const char *prompt, int min, int max, bool show_mm) { int n; char *line = NULL; size_t len = 0; ssize_t read; fflush(stdin); do { printf("%s", prompt); if (show_mm) printf(" from %d to %d : ", min, max); else printf(" : "); read = getline(&line, &len, stdin); if (read < 2) continue; n = atoi(line); } while (n < min || n > max); printf("\n"); return n; } int compare_int(const void *a, const void* b) { int i = *(int *)a; int j = *(int *)b; return i - j; } int main() { int i, j, n, players, coins, first, round = 1, rem_size; int min, max, guess, index, index2, total; int remaining[9], hands[10], guesses[10]; bool found, eliminated; char c; players = get_number("Number of players", 2, 9, TRUE); coins = get_number("Number of coins per player", 3, 6, TRUE); for (i = 0; i < 9; ++i) remaining[i] = i + 1; rem_size = players; srand(time(NULL)); first = 1 + rand() % players; printf("The number of coins in your hand will be randomly determined for"); printf("\neach round and displayed to you. However, when you press ENTER"); printf("\nit will be erased so that the other players, who should look"); printf("\naway until it's their turn, won't see it. When asked to guess"); printf("\nthe total, the computer won't allow a 'bum guess'.\n"); while(TRUE) { printf("\nROUND %d:\n", round); n = first; for (i = 0; i < 10; ++i) { hands[i] = 0; guesses[i] = -1; } do { printf(" PLAYER %d:\n", n); printf(" Please come to the computer and press ENTER\n"); hands[n] = rand() % (coins + 1); printf(" <There are %d coin(s) in your hand>", hands[n]); while (getchar() != '\n'); if (!TEST) { printf("%c[1A", ESC); printf("%c[2K", ESC); printf("\r\n"); } else printf("\n"); while (TRUE) { min = hands[n]; max = (rem_size - 1) * coins + hands[n]; guess = get_number(" Guess the total", min, max, FALSE); found = FALSE; for (i = 1; i < 10; ++i) { if (guess == guesses[i]) { found = TRUE; break; } } if (!found) { guesses[n] = guess; break; } printf(" Already guessed by another player, try again\n"); } index = -1; for (i = 0; i < rem_size; ++i) { if (remaining[i] == n) { index = i; break; } } if (index < rem_size - 1) n = remaining[index + 1]; else n = remaining[0]; } while (n != first); total = 0; for (i = 1; i < 10; ++i) total += hands[i]; printf(" Total coins held = %d\n", total); eliminated = FALSE; for (i = 0; i < rem_size; ++i) { j = remaining[i]; if (guesses[j] == total) { printf(" PLAYER %d guessed correctly and is eliminated\n", j); remaining[i] = 10; rem_size--; qsort(remaining, players, sizeof(int), compare_int); eliminated = TRUE; break; } } if (!eliminated) printf(" No players guessed correctly in this round\n"); else if (rem_size == 1) { printf("\nPLAYER %d buys the drinks!\n", remaining[0]); break; } index2 = -1; for (i = 0; i < rem_size; ++i) { if (remaining[i] == first) { index2 = i; break; } } if (index2 < rem_size - 1) first = remaining[index2 + 1]; else first = remaining[0]; round++; } return 0; }
Write the same code in C as shown below in Go.
package main import ( "bufio" "fmt" "log" "math/rand" "os" "strconv" "time" ) const ( esc = "\033" test = true ) var scanner = bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin) func indexOf(s []int, el int) int { for i, v := range s { if v == el { return i } } return -1 } func getNumber(prompt string, min, max int, showMinMax bool) (int, error) { for { fmt.Print(prompt) if showMinMax { fmt.Printf(" from %d to %d : ", min, max) } else { fmt.Printf(" : ") } scanner.Scan() if scerr := scanner.Err(); scerr != nil { return 0, scerr } input, err := strconv.Atoi(scanner.Text()) if err == nil && input >= min && input <= max { fmt.Println() return input, nil } } } func check(err error, text string) { if err != nil { log.Fatalln(err, text) } } func main() { rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano()) players, err := getNumber("Number of players", 2, 9, true) check(err, "when getting players") coins, err2 := getNumber("Number of coins per player", 3, 6, true) check(err2, "when getting coins") remaining := make([]int, players) for i := range remaining { remaining[i] = i + 1 } first := 1 + rand.Intn(players) fmt.Println("The number of coins in your hand will be randomly determined for") fmt.Println("each round and displayed to you. However, when you press ENTER") fmt.Println("it will be erased so that the other players, who should look") fmt.Println("away until it's their turn, won't see it. When asked to guess") fmt.Println("the total, the computer won't allow a 'bum guess'.") for round := 1; ; round++ { fmt.Printf("\nROUND %d:\n\n", round) n := first hands := make([]int, players+1) guesses := make([]int, players+1) for i := range guesses { guesses[i] = -1 } for { fmt.Printf(" PLAYER %d:\n", n) fmt.Println(" Please come to the computer and press ENTER") hands[n] = rand.Intn(coins + 1) fmt.Print(" <There are ", hands[n], " coin(s) in your hand>") scanner.Scan() check(scanner.Err(), "when pressing ENTER") if !test { fmt.Print(esc, "[1A") fmt.Print(esc, "[2K") fmt.Println("\r") } else { fmt.Println() } for { min := hands[n] max := (len(remaining)-1)*coins + hands[n] guess, err3 := getNumber(" Guess the total", min, max, false) check(err3, "when guessing the total") if indexOf(guesses, guess) == -1 { guesses[n] = guess break } fmt.Println(" Already guessed by another player, try again") } index := indexOf(remaining, n) if index < len(remaining)-1 { n = remaining[index+1] } else { n = remaining[0] } if n == first { break } } total := 0 for _, hand := range hands { total += hand } fmt.Println(" Total coins held =", total) eliminated := false for _, v := range remaining { if guesses[v] == total { fmt.Println(" PLAYER", v, "guessed correctly and is eliminated") r := indexOf(remaining, v) remaining = append(remaining[:r], remaining[r+1:]...) eliminated = true break } } if !eliminated { fmt.Println(" No players guessed correctly in this round") } else if len(remaining) == 1 { fmt.Println("\nPLAYER", remaining[0], "buys the drinks!") return } index2 := indexOf(remaining, n) if index2 < len(remaining)-1 { first = remaining[index2+1] } else { first = remaining[0] } } }
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <time.h> #define TRUE 1 #define FALSE 0 #define ESC 27 #define TEST TRUE typedef int bool; int get_number(const char *prompt, int min, int max, bool show_mm) { int n; char *line = NULL; size_t len = 0; ssize_t read; fflush(stdin); do { printf("%s", prompt); if (show_mm) printf(" from %d to %d : ", min, max); else printf(" : "); read = getline(&line, &len, stdin); if (read < 2) continue; n = atoi(line); } while (n < min || n > max); printf("\n"); return n; } int compare_int(const void *a, const void* b) { int i = *(int *)a; int j = *(int *)b; return i - j; } int main() { int i, j, n, players, coins, first, round = 1, rem_size; int min, max, guess, index, index2, total; int remaining[9], hands[10], guesses[10]; bool found, eliminated; char c; players = get_number("Number of players", 2, 9, TRUE); coins = get_number("Number of coins per player", 3, 6, TRUE); for (i = 0; i < 9; ++i) remaining[i] = i + 1; rem_size = players; srand(time(NULL)); first = 1 + rand() % players; printf("The number of coins in your hand will be randomly determined for"); printf("\neach round and displayed to you. However, when you press ENTER"); printf("\nit will be erased so that the other players, who should look"); printf("\naway until it's their turn, won't see it. When asked to guess"); printf("\nthe total, the computer won't allow a 'bum guess'.\n"); while(TRUE) { printf("\nROUND %d:\n", round); n = first; for (i = 0; i < 10; ++i) { hands[i] = 0; guesses[i] = -1; } do { printf(" PLAYER %d:\n", n); printf(" Please come to the computer and press ENTER\n"); hands[n] = rand() % (coins + 1); printf(" <There are %d coin(s) in your hand>", hands[n]); while (getchar() != '\n'); if (!TEST) { printf("%c[1A", ESC); printf("%c[2K", ESC); printf("\r\n"); } else printf("\n"); while (TRUE) { min = hands[n]; max = (rem_size - 1) * coins + hands[n]; guess = get_number(" Guess the total", min, max, FALSE); found = FALSE; for (i = 1; i < 10; ++i) { if (guess == guesses[i]) { found = TRUE; break; } } if (!found) { guesses[n] = guess; break; } printf(" Already guessed by another player, try again\n"); } index = -1; for (i = 0; i < rem_size; ++i) { if (remaining[i] == n) { index = i; break; } } if (index < rem_size - 1) n = remaining[index + 1]; else n = remaining[0]; } while (n != first); total = 0; for (i = 1; i < 10; ++i) total += hands[i]; printf(" Total coins held = %d\n", total); eliminated = FALSE; for (i = 0; i < rem_size; ++i) { j = remaining[i]; if (guesses[j] == total) { printf(" PLAYER %d guessed correctly and is eliminated\n", j); remaining[i] = 10; rem_size--; qsort(remaining, players, sizeof(int), compare_int); eliminated = TRUE; break; } } if (!eliminated) printf(" No players guessed correctly in this round\n"); else if (rem_size == 1) { printf("\nPLAYER %d buys the drinks!\n", remaining[0]); break; } index2 = -1; for (i = 0; i < rem_size; ++i) { if (remaining[i] == first) { index2 = i; break; } } if (index2 < rem_size - 1) first = remaining[index2 + 1]; else first = remaining[0]; round++; } return 0; }
Write a version of this Go function in C with identical behavior.
package main import ( "fmt" "io/ioutil" "net/http" "regexp" "sort" "strconv" ) type Result struct { lang string users int } func main() { const minimum = 25 ex := `"Category:(.+?)( User)?"(\}|,"categoryinfo":\{"size":(\d+),)` re := regexp.MustCompile(ex) page := "http: action := "action=query" format := "format=json" fversion := "formatversion=2" generator := "generator=categorymembers" gcmTitle := "gcmtitle=Category:Language%20users" gcmLimit := "gcmlimit=500" prop := "prop=categoryinfo" rawContinue := "rawcontinue=" page += fmt.Sprintf("%s&%s&%s&%s&%s&%s&%s&%s", action, format, fversion, generator, gcmTitle, gcmLimit, prop, rawContinue) resp, _ := http.Get(page) body, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body) matches := re.FindAllStringSubmatch(string(body), -1) resp.Body.Close() var results []Result for _, match := range matches { if len(match) == 5 { users, _ := strconv.Atoi(match[4]) if users >= minimum { result := Result{match[1], users} results = append(results, result) } } } sort.Slice(results, func(i, j int) bool { return results[j].users < results[i].users }) fmt.Println("Rank Users Language") fmt.Println("---- ----- --------") rank := 0 lastUsers := 0 lastRank := 0 for i, result := range results { eq := " " rank = i + 1 if lastUsers == result.users { eq = "=" rank = lastRank } else { lastUsers = result.users lastRank = rank } fmt.Printf(" %-2d%s %3d %s\n", rank, eq, result.users, result.lang) } }
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <curl/curl.h> #include "wren.h" struct MemoryStruct { char *memory; size_t size; }; static size_t WriteMemoryCallback(void *contents, size_t size, size_t nmemb, void *userp) { size_t realsize = size * nmemb; struct MemoryStruct *mem = (struct MemoryStruct *)userp; char *ptr = realloc(mem->memory, mem->size + realsize + 1); if(!ptr) { printf("not enough memory (realloc returned NULL)\n"); return 0; } mem->memory = ptr; memcpy(&(mem->memory[mem->size]), contents, realsize); mem->size += realsize; mem->memory[mem->size] = 0; return realsize; } void C_bufferAllocate(WrenVM* vm) { struct MemoryStruct *ms = (struct MemoryStruct *)wrenSetSlotNewForeign(vm, 0, 0, sizeof(struct MemoryStruct)); ms->memory = malloc(1); ms->size = 0; } void C_bufferFinalize(void* data) { struct MemoryStruct *ms = (struct MemoryStruct *)data; free(ms->memory); } void C_curlAllocate(WrenVM* vm) { CURL** pcurl = (CURL**)wrenSetSlotNewForeign(vm, 0, 0, sizeof(CURL*)); *pcurl = curl_easy_init(); } void C_value(WrenVM* vm) { struct MemoryStruct *ms = (struct MemoryStruct *)wrenGetSlotForeign(vm, 0); wrenSetSlotString(vm, 0, ms->memory); } void C_easyPerform(WrenVM* vm) { CURL* curl = *(CURL**)wrenGetSlotForeign(vm, 0); curl_easy_perform(curl); } void C_easyCleanup(WrenVM* vm) { CURL* curl = *(CURL**)wrenGetSlotForeign(vm, 0); curl_easy_cleanup(curl); } void C_easySetOpt(WrenVM* vm) { CURL* curl = *(CURL**)wrenGetSlotForeign(vm, 0); CURLoption opt = (CURLoption)wrenGetSlotDouble(vm, 1); if (opt < 10000) { long lparam = (long)wrenGetSlotDouble(vm, 2); curl_easy_setopt(curl, opt, lparam); } else if (opt < 20000) { if (opt == CURLOPT_WRITEDATA) { struct MemoryStruct *ms = (struct MemoryStruct *)wrenGetSlotForeign(vm, 2); curl_easy_setopt(curl, opt, (void *)ms); } else if (opt == CURLOPT_URL) { const char *url = wrenGetSlotString(vm, 2); curl_easy_setopt(curl, opt, url); } } else if (opt < 30000) { if (opt == CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION) { curl_easy_setopt(curl, opt, &WriteMemoryCallback); } } } WrenForeignClassMethods bindForeignClass(WrenVM* vm, const char* module, const char* className) { WrenForeignClassMethods methods; methods.allocate = NULL; methods.finalize = NULL; if (strcmp(module, "main") == 0) { if (strcmp(className, "Buffer") == 0) { methods.allocate = C_bufferAllocate; methods.finalize = C_bufferFinalize; } else if (strcmp(className, "Curl") == 0) { methods.allocate = C_curlAllocate; } } return methods; } WrenForeignMethodFn bindForeignMethod( WrenVM* vm, const char* module, const char* className, bool isStatic, const char* signature) { if (strcmp(module, "main") == 0) { if (strcmp(className, "Buffer") == 0) { if (!isStatic && strcmp(signature, "value") == 0) return C_value; } else if (strcmp(className, "Curl") == 0) { if (!isStatic && strcmp(signature, "easySetOpt(_,_)") == 0) return C_easySetOpt; if (!isStatic && strcmp(signature, "easyPerform()") == 0) return C_easyPerform; if (!isStatic && strcmp(signature, "easyCleanup()") == 0) return C_easyCleanup; } } return NULL; } static void writeFn(WrenVM* vm, const char* text) { printf("%s", text); } void errorFn(WrenVM* vm, WrenErrorType errorType, const char* module, const int line, const char* msg) { switch (errorType) { case WREN_ERROR_COMPILE: printf("[%s line %d] [Error] %s\n", module, line, msg); break; case WREN_ERROR_STACK_TRACE: printf("[%s line %d] in %s\n", module, line, msg); break; case WREN_ERROR_RUNTIME: printf("[Runtime Error] %s\n", msg); break; } } char *readFile(const char *fileName) { FILE *f = fopen(fileName, "r"); fseek(f, 0, SEEK_END); long fsize = ftell(f); rewind(f); char *script = malloc(fsize + 1); fread(script, 1, fsize, f); fclose(f); script[fsize] = 0; return script; } static void loadModuleComplete(WrenVM* vm, const char* module, WrenLoadModuleResult result) { if( result.source) free((void*)result.source); } WrenLoadModuleResult loadModule(WrenVM* vm, const char* name) { WrenLoadModuleResult result = {0}; if (strcmp(name, "random") != 0 && strcmp(name, "meta") != 0) { result.onComplete = loadModuleComplete; char fullName[strlen(name) + 6]; strcpy(fullName, name); strcat(fullName, ".wren"); result.source = readFile(fullName); } return result; } int main(int argc, char **argv) { WrenConfiguration config; wrenInitConfiguration(&config); config.writeFn = &writeFn; config.errorFn = &errorFn; config.bindForeignClassFn = &bindForeignClass; config.bindForeignMethodFn = &bindForeignMethod; config.loadModuleFn = &loadModule; WrenVM* vm = wrenNewVM(&config); const char* module = "main"; const char* fileName = "rc_rank_languages_by_number_of_users.wren"; char *script = readFile(fileName); WrenInterpretResult result = wrenInterpret(vm, module, script); switch (result) { case WREN_RESULT_COMPILE_ERROR: printf("Compile Error!\n"); break; case WREN_RESULT_RUNTIME_ERROR: printf("Runtime Error!\n"); break; case WREN_RESULT_SUCCESS: break; } wrenFreeVM(vm); free(script); return 0; }
Maintain the same structure and functionality when rewriting this code in C.
package main import ( "fmt" "io/ioutil" "net/http" "regexp" "sort" "strconv" ) type Result struct { lang string users int } func main() { const minimum = 25 ex := `"Category:(.+?)( User)?"(\}|,"categoryinfo":\{"size":(\d+),)` re := regexp.MustCompile(ex) page := "http: action := "action=query" format := "format=json" fversion := "formatversion=2" generator := "generator=categorymembers" gcmTitle := "gcmtitle=Category:Language%20users" gcmLimit := "gcmlimit=500" prop := "prop=categoryinfo" rawContinue := "rawcontinue=" page += fmt.Sprintf("%s&%s&%s&%s&%s&%s&%s&%s", action, format, fversion, generator, gcmTitle, gcmLimit, prop, rawContinue) resp, _ := http.Get(page) body, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body) matches := re.FindAllStringSubmatch(string(body), -1) resp.Body.Close() var results []Result for _, match := range matches { if len(match) == 5 { users, _ := strconv.Atoi(match[4]) if users >= minimum { result := Result{match[1], users} results = append(results, result) } } } sort.Slice(results, func(i, j int) bool { return results[j].users < results[i].users }) fmt.Println("Rank Users Language") fmt.Println("---- ----- --------") rank := 0 lastUsers := 0 lastRank := 0 for i, result := range results { eq := " " rank = i + 1 if lastUsers == result.users { eq = "=" rank = lastRank } else { lastUsers = result.users lastRank = rank } fmt.Printf(" %-2d%s %3d %s\n", rank, eq, result.users, result.lang) } }
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <curl/curl.h> #include "wren.h" struct MemoryStruct { char *memory; size_t size; }; static size_t WriteMemoryCallback(void *contents, size_t size, size_t nmemb, void *userp) { size_t realsize = size * nmemb; struct MemoryStruct *mem = (struct MemoryStruct *)userp; char *ptr = realloc(mem->memory, mem->size + realsize + 1); if(!ptr) { printf("not enough memory (realloc returned NULL)\n"); return 0; } mem->memory = ptr; memcpy(&(mem->memory[mem->size]), contents, realsize); mem->size += realsize; mem->memory[mem->size] = 0; return realsize; } void C_bufferAllocate(WrenVM* vm) { struct MemoryStruct *ms = (struct MemoryStruct *)wrenSetSlotNewForeign(vm, 0, 0, sizeof(struct MemoryStruct)); ms->memory = malloc(1); ms->size = 0; } void C_bufferFinalize(void* data) { struct MemoryStruct *ms = (struct MemoryStruct *)data; free(ms->memory); } void C_curlAllocate(WrenVM* vm) { CURL** pcurl = (CURL**)wrenSetSlotNewForeign(vm, 0, 0, sizeof(CURL*)); *pcurl = curl_easy_init(); } void C_value(WrenVM* vm) { struct MemoryStruct *ms = (struct MemoryStruct *)wrenGetSlotForeign(vm, 0); wrenSetSlotString(vm, 0, ms->memory); } void C_easyPerform(WrenVM* vm) { CURL* curl = *(CURL**)wrenGetSlotForeign(vm, 0); curl_easy_perform(curl); } void C_easyCleanup(WrenVM* vm) { CURL* curl = *(CURL**)wrenGetSlotForeign(vm, 0); curl_easy_cleanup(curl); } void C_easySetOpt(WrenVM* vm) { CURL* curl = *(CURL**)wrenGetSlotForeign(vm, 0); CURLoption opt = (CURLoption)wrenGetSlotDouble(vm, 1); if (opt < 10000) { long lparam = (long)wrenGetSlotDouble(vm, 2); curl_easy_setopt(curl, opt, lparam); } else if (opt < 20000) { if (opt == CURLOPT_WRITEDATA) { struct MemoryStruct *ms = (struct MemoryStruct *)wrenGetSlotForeign(vm, 2); curl_easy_setopt(curl, opt, (void *)ms); } else if (opt == CURLOPT_URL) { const char *url = wrenGetSlotString(vm, 2); curl_easy_setopt(curl, opt, url); } } else if (opt < 30000) { if (opt == CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION) { curl_easy_setopt(curl, opt, &WriteMemoryCallback); } } } WrenForeignClassMethods bindForeignClass(WrenVM* vm, const char* module, const char* className) { WrenForeignClassMethods methods; methods.allocate = NULL; methods.finalize = NULL; if (strcmp(module, "main") == 0) { if (strcmp(className, "Buffer") == 0) { methods.allocate = C_bufferAllocate; methods.finalize = C_bufferFinalize; } else if (strcmp(className, "Curl") == 0) { methods.allocate = C_curlAllocate; } } return methods; } WrenForeignMethodFn bindForeignMethod( WrenVM* vm, const char* module, const char* className, bool isStatic, const char* signature) { if (strcmp(module, "main") == 0) { if (strcmp(className, "Buffer") == 0) { if (!isStatic && strcmp(signature, "value") == 0) return C_value; } else if (strcmp(className, "Curl") == 0) { if (!isStatic && strcmp(signature, "easySetOpt(_,_)") == 0) return C_easySetOpt; if (!isStatic && strcmp(signature, "easyPerform()") == 0) return C_easyPerform; if (!isStatic && strcmp(signature, "easyCleanup()") == 0) return C_easyCleanup; } } return NULL; } static void writeFn(WrenVM* vm, const char* text) { printf("%s", text); } void errorFn(WrenVM* vm, WrenErrorType errorType, const char* module, const int line, const char* msg) { switch (errorType) { case WREN_ERROR_COMPILE: printf("[%s line %d] [Error] %s\n", module, line, msg); break; case WREN_ERROR_STACK_TRACE: printf("[%s line %d] in %s\n", module, line, msg); break; case WREN_ERROR_RUNTIME: printf("[Runtime Error] %s\n", msg); break; } } char *readFile(const char *fileName) { FILE *f = fopen(fileName, "r"); fseek(f, 0, SEEK_END); long fsize = ftell(f); rewind(f); char *script = malloc(fsize + 1); fread(script, 1, fsize, f); fclose(f); script[fsize] = 0; return script; } static void loadModuleComplete(WrenVM* vm, const char* module, WrenLoadModuleResult result) { if( result.source) free((void*)result.source); } WrenLoadModuleResult loadModule(WrenVM* vm, const char* name) { WrenLoadModuleResult result = {0}; if (strcmp(name, "random") != 0 && strcmp(name, "meta") != 0) { result.onComplete = loadModuleComplete; char fullName[strlen(name) + 6]; strcpy(fullName, name); strcat(fullName, ".wren"); result.source = readFile(fullName); } return result; } int main(int argc, char **argv) { WrenConfiguration config; wrenInitConfiguration(&config); config.writeFn = &writeFn; config.errorFn = &errorFn; config.bindForeignClassFn = &bindForeignClass; config.bindForeignMethodFn = &bindForeignMethod; config.loadModuleFn = &loadModule; WrenVM* vm = wrenNewVM(&config); const char* module = "main"; const char* fileName = "rc_rank_languages_by_number_of_users.wren"; char *script = readFile(fileName); WrenInterpretResult result = wrenInterpret(vm, module, script); switch (result) { case WREN_RESULT_COMPILE_ERROR: printf("Compile Error!\n"); break; case WREN_RESULT_RUNTIME_ERROR: printf("Runtime Error!\n"); break; case WREN_RESULT_SUCCESS: break; } wrenFreeVM(vm); free(script); return 0; }
Change the following Go code into C without altering its purpose.
package main import ( "fmt" "math" ) const ( N = 32 NMAX = 40000 ) var ( u = [N]int{0: 1, 1: 2} l = [N]int{0: 1, 1: 2} out = [N]int{} sum = [N]int{} tail = [N]int{} cache = [NMAX + 1]int{2: 1} known = 2 stack = 0 undo = [N * N]save{} ) type save struct { p *int v int } func replace(x *[N]int, i, n int) { undo[stack].p = &x[i] undo[stack].v = x[i] x[i] = n stack++ } func restore(n int) { for stack > n { stack-- *undo[stack].p = undo[stack].v } } func lower(n int, up *int) int { if n <= 2 || (n <= NMAX && cache[n] != 0) { if up != nil { *up = cache[n] } return cache[n] } i, o := -1, 0 for ; n != 0; n, i = n>>1, i+1 { if n&1 != 0 { o++ } } if up != nil { i-- *up = o + i } for { i++ o >>= 1 if o == 0 { break } } if up == nil { return i } for o = 2; o*o < n; o++ { if n%o != 0 { continue } q := cache[o] + cache[n/o] if q < *up { *up = q if q == i { break } } } if n > 2 { if *up > cache[n-2]+1 { *up = cache[n-1] + 1 } if *up > cache[n-2]+1 { *up = cache[n-2] + 1 } } return i } func insert(x, pos int) bool { save := stack if l[pos] > x || u[pos] < x { return false } if l[pos] == x { goto replU } replace(&l, pos, x) for i := pos - 1; u[i]*2 < u[i+1]; i-- { t := l[i+1] + 1 if t*2 > u[i] { goto bail } replace(&l, i, t) } for i := pos + 1; l[i] <= l[i-1]; i++ { t := l[i-1] + 1 if t > u[i] { goto bail } replace(&l, i, t) } replU: if u[pos] == x { return true } replace(&u, pos, x) for i := pos - 1; u[i] >= u[i+1]; i-- { t := u[i+1] - 1 if t < l[i] { goto bail } replace(&u, i, t) } for i := pos + 1; u[i] > u[i-1]*2; i++ { t := u[i-1] * 2 if t < l[i] { goto bail } replace(&u, i, t) } return true bail: restore(save) return false } func try(p, q, le int) bool { pl := cache[p] if pl >= le { return false } ql := cache[q] if ql >= le { return false } var pu, qu int for pl < le && u[pl] < p { pl++ } for pu = pl - 1; pu < le-1 && u[pu+1] >= p; pu++ { } for ql < le && u[ql] < q { ql++ } for qu = ql - 1; qu < le-1 && u[qu+1] >= q; qu++ { } if p != q && pl <= ql { pl = ql + 1 } if pl > pu || ql > qu || ql > pu { return false } if out[le] == 0 { pu = le - 1 pl = pu } ps := stack for ; pu >= pl; pu-- { if !insert(p, pu) { continue } out[pu]++ sum[pu] += le if p != q { qs := stack j := qu if j >= pu { j = pu - 1 } for ; j >= ql; j-- { if !insert(q, j) { continue } out[j]++ sum[j] += le tail[le] = q if seqRecur(le - 1) { return true } restore(qs) out[j]-- sum[j] -= le } } else { out[pu]++ sum[pu] += le tail[le] = p if seqRecur(le - 1) { return true } out[pu]-- sum[pu] -= le } out[pu]-- sum[pu] -= le restore(ps) } return false } func seqRecur(le int) bool { n := l[le] if le < 2 { return true } limit := n - 1 if out[le] == 1 { limit = n - tail[sum[le]] } if limit > u[le-1] { limit = u[le-1] } p := limit for q := n - p; q <= p; q, p = q+1, p-1 { if try(p, q, le) { return true } } return false } func seq(n, le int, buf []int) int { if le == 0 { le = seqLen(n) } stack = 0 l[le], u[le] = n, n for i := 0; i <= le; i++ { out[i], sum[i] = 0, 0 } for i := 2; i < le; i++ { l[i] = l[i-1] + 1 u[i] = u[i-1] * 2 } for i := le - 1; i > 2; i-- { if l[i]*2 < l[i+1] { l[i] = (1 + l[i+1]) / 2 } if u[i] >= u[i+1] { u[i] = u[i+1] - 1 } } if !seqRecur(le) { return 0 } if buf != nil { for i := 0; i <= le; i++ { buf[i] = u[i] } } return le } func seqLen(n int) int { if n <= known { return cache[n] } for known+1 < n { seqLen(known + 1) } var ub int lb := lower(n, &ub) for lb < ub && seq(n, lb, nil) == 0 { lb++ } known = n if n&1023 == 0 { fmt.Printf("Cached %d\n", known) } cache[n] = lb return lb } func binLen(n int) int { r, o := -1, -1 for ; n != 0; n, r = n>>1, r+1 { if n&1 != 0 { o++ } } return r + o } type( vector = []float64 matrix []vector ) func (m1 matrix) mul(m2 matrix) matrix { rows1, cols1 := len(m1), len(m1[0]) rows2, cols2 := len(m2), len(m2[0]) if cols1 != rows2 { panic("Matrices cannot be multiplied.") } result := make(matrix, rows1) for i := 0; i < rows1; i++ { result[i] = make(vector, cols2) for j := 0; j < cols2; j++ { for k := 0; k < rows2; k++ { result[i][j] += m1[i][k] * m2[k][j] } } } return result } func (m matrix) pow(n int, printout bool) matrix { e := make([]int, N) var v [N]matrix le := seq(n, 0, e) if printout { fmt.Println("Addition chain:") for i := 0; i <= le; i++ { c := ' ' if i == le { c = '\n' } fmt.Printf("%d%c", e[i], c) } } v[0] = m v[1] = m.mul(m) for i := 2; i <= le; i++ { for j := i - 1; j != 0; j-- { for k := j; k >= 0; k-- { if e[k]+e[j] < e[i] { break } if e[k]+e[j] > e[i] { continue } v[i] = v[j].mul(v[k]) j = 1 break } } } return v[le] } func (m matrix) print() { for _, v := range m { fmt.Printf("% f\n", v) } fmt.Println() } func main() { m := 27182 n := 31415 fmt.Println("Precompute chain lengths:") seqLen(n) rh := math.Sqrt(0.5) mx := matrix{ {rh, 0, rh, 0, 0, 0}, {0, rh, 0, rh, 0, 0}, {0, rh, 0, -rh, 0, 0}, {-rh, 0, rh, 0, 0, 0}, {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1}, {0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0}, } fmt.Println("\nThe first 100 terms of A003313 are:") for i := 1; i <= 100; i++ { fmt.Printf("%d ", seqLen(i)) if i%10 == 0 { fmt.Println() } } exs := [2]int{m, n} mxs := [2]matrix{} for i, ex := range exs { fmt.Println("\nExponent:", ex) mxs[i] = mx.pow(ex, true) fmt.Printf("A ^ %d:-\n\n", ex) mxs[i].print() fmt.Println("Number of A/C multiplies:", seqLen(ex)) fmt.Println(" c.f. Binary multiplies:", binLen(ex)) } fmt.Printf("\nExponent: %d x %d = %d\n", m, n, m*n) fmt.Printf("A ^ %d = (A ^ %d) ^ %d:-\n\n", m*n, m, n) mx2 := mxs[0].pow(n, false) mx2.print() }
#include <stdio.h> #include "achain.c" typedef struct {double u, v;} cplx; inline cplx c_mul(cplx a, cplx b) { cplx c; c.u = a.u * b.u - a.v * b.v; c.v = a.u * b.v + a.v * b.u; return c; } cplx chain_expo(cplx x, int n) { int i, j, k, l, e[32]; cplx v[32]; l = seq(n, 0, e); puts("Exponents:"); for (i = 0; i <= l; i++) printf("%d%c", e[i], i == l ? '\n' : ' '); v[0] = x; v[1] = c_mul(x, x); for (i = 2; i <= l; i++) { for (j = i - 1; j; j--) { for (k = j; k >= 0; k--) { if (e[k] + e[j] < e[i]) break; if (e[k] + e[j] > e[i]) continue; v[i] = c_mul(v[j], v[k]); j = 1; break; } } } printf("(%f + i%f)^%d = %f + i%f\n", x.u, x.v, n, v[l].u, v[l].v); return x; } int bin_len(int n) { int r, o; for (r = o = -1; n; n >>= 1, r++) if (n & 1) o++; return r + o; } int main() { cplx r1 = {1.0000254989, 0.0000577896}, r2 = {1.0000220632, 0.0000500026}; int n1 = 27182, n2 = 31415, i; init(); puts("Precompute chain lengths"); seq_len(n2); chain_expo(r1, n1); chain_expo(r2, n2); puts("\nchain lengths: shortest binary"); printf("%14d %7d %7d\n", n1, seq_len(n1), bin_len(n1)); printf("%14d %7d %7d\n", n2, seq_len(n2), bin_len(n2)); for (i = 1; i < 100; i++) printf("%14d %7d %7d\n", i, seq_len(i), bin_len(i)); return 0; }
Translate the given Go code snippet into C without altering its behavior.
package main import ( "fmt" "math" ) const ( N = 32 NMAX = 40000 ) var ( u = [N]int{0: 1, 1: 2} l = [N]int{0: 1, 1: 2} out = [N]int{} sum = [N]int{} tail = [N]int{} cache = [NMAX + 1]int{2: 1} known = 2 stack = 0 undo = [N * N]save{} ) type save struct { p *int v int } func replace(x *[N]int, i, n int) { undo[stack].p = &x[i] undo[stack].v = x[i] x[i] = n stack++ } func restore(n int) { for stack > n { stack-- *undo[stack].p = undo[stack].v } } func lower(n int, up *int) int { if n <= 2 || (n <= NMAX && cache[n] != 0) { if up != nil { *up = cache[n] } return cache[n] } i, o := -1, 0 for ; n != 0; n, i = n>>1, i+1 { if n&1 != 0 { o++ } } if up != nil { i-- *up = o + i } for { i++ o >>= 1 if o == 0 { break } } if up == nil { return i } for o = 2; o*o < n; o++ { if n%o != 0 { continue } q := cache[o] + cache[n/o] if q < *up { *up = q if q == i { break } } } if n > 2 { if *up > cache[n-2]+1 { *up = cache[n-1] + 1 } if *up > cache[n-2]+1 { *up = cache[n-2] + 1 } } return i } func insert(x, pos int) bool { save := stack if l[pos] > x || u[pos] < x { return false } if l[pos] == x { goto replU } replace(&l, pos, x) for i := pos - 1; u[i]*2 < u[i+1]; i-- { t := l[i+1] + 1 if t*2 > u[i] { goto bail } replace(&l, i, t) } for i := pos + 1; l[i] <= l[i-1]; i++ { t := l[i-1] + 1 if t > u[i] { goto bail } replace(&l, i, t) } replU: if u[pos] == x { return true } replace(&u, pos, x) for i := pos - 1; u[i] >= u[i+1]; i-- { t := u[i+1] - 1 if t < l[i] { goto bail } replace(&u, i, t) } for i := pos + 1; u[i] > u[i-1]*2; i++ { t := u[i-1] * 2 if t < l[i] { goto bail } replace(&u, i, t) } return true bail: restore(save) return false } func try(p, q, le int) bool { pl := cache[p] if pl >= le { return false } ql := cache[q] if ql >= le { return false } var pu, qu int for pl < le && u[pl] < p { pl++ } for pu = pl - 1; pu < le-1 && u[pu+1] >= p; pu++ { } for ql < le && u[ql] < q { ql++ } for qu = ql - 1; qu < le-1 && u[qu+1] >= q; qu++ { } if p != q && pl <= ql { pl = ql + 1 } if pl > pu || ql > qu || ql > pu { return false } if out[le] == 0 { pu = le - 1 pl = pu } ps := stack for ; pu >= pl; pu-- { if !insert(p, pu) { continue } out[pu]++ sum[pu] += le if p != q { qs := stack j := qu if j >= pu { j = pu - 1 } for ; j >= ql; j-- { if !insert(q, j) { continue } out[j]++ sum[j] += le tail[le] = q if seqRecur(le - 1) { return true } restore(qs) out[j]-- sum[j] -= le } } else { out[pu]++ sum[pu] += le tail[le] = p if seqRecur(le - 1) { return true } out[pu]-- sum[pu] -= le } out[pu]-- sum[pu] -= le restore(ps) } return false } func seqRecur(le int) bool { n := l[le] if le < 2 { return true } limit := n - 1 if out[le] == 1 { limit = n - tail[sum[le]] } if limit > u[le-1] { limit = u[le-1] } p := limit for q := n - p; q <= p; q, p = q+1, p-1 { if try(p, q, le) { return true } } return false } func seq(n, le int, buf []int) int { if le == 0 { le = seqLen(n) } stack = 0 l[le], u[le] = n, n for i := 0; i <= le; i++ { out[i], sum[i] = 0, 0 } for i := 2; i < le; i++ { l[i] = l[i-1] + 1 u[i] = u[i-1] * 2 } for i := le - 1; i > 2; i-- { if l[i]*2 < l[i+1] { l[i] = (1 + l[i+1]) / 2 } if u[i] >= u[i+1] { u[i] = u[i+1] - 1 } } if !seqRecur(le) { return 0 } if buf != nil { for i := 0; i <= le; i++ { buf[i] = u[i] } } return le } func seqLen(n int) int { if n <= known { return cache[n] } for known+1 < n { seqLen(known + 1) } var ub int lb := lower(n, &ub) for lb < ub && seq(n, lb, nil) == 0 { lb++ } known = n if n&1023 == 0 { fmt.Printf("Cached %d\n", known) } cache[n] = lb return lb } func binLen(n int) int { r, o := -1, -1 for ; n != 0; n, r = n>>1, r+1 { if n&1 != 0 { o++ } } return r + o } type( vector = []float64 matrix []vector ) func (m1 matrix) mul(m2 matrix) matrix { rows1, cols1 := len(m1), len(m1[0]) rows2, cols2 := len(m2), len(m2[0]) if cols1 != rows2 { panic("Matrices cannot be multiplied.") } result := make(matrix, rows1) for i := 0; i < rows1; i++ { result[i] = make(vector, cols2) for j := 0; j < cols2; j++ { for k := 0; k < rows2; k++ { result[i][j] += m1[i][k] * m2[k][j] } } } return result } func (m matrix) pow(n int, printout bool) matrix { e := make([]int, N) var v [N]matrix le := seq(n, 0, e) if printout { fmt.Println("Addition chain:") for i := 0; i <= le; i++ { c := ' ' if i == le { c = '\n' } fmt.Printf("%d%c", e[i], c) } } v[0] = m v[1] = m.mul(m) for i := 2; i <= le; i++ { for j := i - 1; j != 0; j-- { for k := j; k >= 0; k-- { if e[k]+e[j] < e[i] { break } if e[k]+e[j] > e[i] { continue } v[i] = v[j].mul(v[k]) j = 1 break } } } return v[le] } func (m matrix) print() { for _, v := range m { fmt.Printf("% f\n", v) } fmt.Println() } func main() { m := 27182 n := 31415 fmt.Println("Precompute chain lengths:") seqLen(n) rh := math.Sqrt(0.5) mx := matrix{ {rh, 0, rh, 0, 0, 0}, {0, rh, 0, rh, 0, 0}, {0, rh, 0, -rh, 0, 0}, {-rh, 0, rh, 0, 0, 0}, {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1}, {0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0}, } fmt.Println("\nThe first 100 terms of A003313 are:") for i := 1; i <= 100; i++ { fmt.Printf("%d ", seqLen(i)) if i%10 == 0 { fmt.Println() } } exs := [2]int{m, n} mxs := [2]matrix{} for i, ex := range exs { fmt.Println("\nExponent:", ex) mxs[i] = mx.pow(ex, true) fmt.Printf("A ^ %d:-\n\n", ex) mxs[i].print() fmt.Println("Number of A/C multiplies:", seqLen(ex)) fmt.Println(" c.f. Binary multiplies:", binLen(ex)) } fmt.Printf("\nExponent: %d x %d = %d\n", m, n, m*n) fmt.Printf("A ^ %d = (A ^ %d) ^ %d:-\n\n", m*n, m, n) mx2 := mxs[0].pow(n, false) mx2.print() }
#include <stdio.h> #include "achain.c" typedef struct {double u, v;} cplx; inline cplx c_mul(cplx a, cplx b) { cplx c; c.u = a.u * b.u - a.v * b.v; c.v = a.u * b.v + a.v * b.u; return c; } cplx chain_expo(cplx x, int n) { int i, j, k, l, e[32]; cplx v[32]; l = seq(n, 0, e); puts("Exponents:"); for (i = 0; i <= l; i++) printf("%d%c", e[i], i == l ? '\n' : ' '); v[0] = x; v[1] = c_mul(x, x); for (i = 2; i <= l; i++) { for (j = i - 1; j; j--) { for (k = j; k >= 0; k--) { if (e[k] + e[j] < e[i]) break; if (e[k] + e[j] > e[i]) continue; v[i] = c_mul(v[j], v[k]); j = 1; break; } } } printf("(%f + i%f)^%d = %f + i%f\n", x.u, x.v, n, v[l].u, v[l].v); return x; } int bin_len(int n) { int r, o; for (r = o = -1; n; n >>= 1, r++) if (n & 1) o++; return r + o; } int main() { cplx r1 = {1.0000254989, 0.0000577896}, r2 = {1.0000220632, 0.0000500026}; int n1 = 27182, n2 = 31415, i; init(); puts("Precompute chain lengths"); seq_len(n2); chain_expo(r1, n1); chain_expo(r2, n2); puts("\nchain lengths: shortest binary"); printf("%14d %7d %7d\n", n1, seq_len(n1), bin_len(n1)); printf("%14d %7d %7d\n", n2, seq_len(n2), bin_len(n2)); for (i = 1; i < 100; i++) printf("%14d %7d %7d\n", i, seq_len(i), bin_len(i)); return 0; }
Ensure the translated C code behaves exactly like the original Go snippet.
#!/bin/bash sed -n -e '12,$p' < "$0" > ttmmpp.go go build ttmmpp.go rm ttmmpp.go binfile="${0%.*}" mv ttmmpp $binfile $binfile "$@" STATUS=$? rm $binfile exit $STATUS ######## Go Code start on line 12 package main import ( "fmt" "os" ) func main() { for i, x := range os.Args { if i == 0 { fmt.Printf("This program is named %s.\n", x) } else { fmt.Printf("the argument #%d is %s\n", i, x) } } }
Keep all operations the same but rewrite the snippet in C.
#!/bin/bash sed -n -e '12,$p' < "$0" > ttmmpp.go go build ttmmpp.go rm ttmmpp.go binfile="${0%.*}" mv ttmmpp $binfile $binfile "$@" STATUS=$? rm $binfile exit $STATUS ######## Go Code start on line 12 package main import ( "fmt" "os" ) func main() { for i, x := range os.Args { if i == 0 { fmt.Printf("This program is named %s.\n", x) } else { fmt.Printf("the argument #%d is %s\n", i, x) } } }
Produce a functionally identical C code for the snippet given in Go.
package main import ( "fmt" "os" "strings" ) func main() { lang := strings.ToUpper(os.Getenv("LANG")) if strings.Contains(lang, "UTF") { fmt.Printf("This terminal supports unicode and U+25b3 is : %c\n", '\u25b3') } else { fmt.Println("This terminal does not support unicode") } }
#include<stdlib.h> #include<stdio.h> int main () { int i; char *str = getenv ("LANG"); for (i = 0; str[i + 2] != 00; i++) { if ((str[i] == 'u' && str[i + 1] == 't' && str[i + 2] == 'f') || (str[i] == 'U' && str[i + 1] == 'T' && str[i + 2] == 'F')) { printf ("Unicode is supported on this terminal and U+25B3 is : \u25b3"); i = -1; break; } } if (i != -1) printf ("Unicode is not supported on this terminal."); return 0; }
Rewrite the snippet below in C so it works the same as the original Go code.
package main import ( "fmt" "os" "strings" ) func main() { lang := strings.ToUpper(os.Getenv("LANG")) if strings.Contains(lang, "UTF") { fmt.Printf("This terminal supports unicode and U+25b3 is : %c\n", '\u25b3') } else { fmt.Println("This terminal does not support unicode") } }
#include<stdlib.h> #include<stdio.h> int main () { int i; char *str = getenv ("LANG"); for (i = 0; str[i + 2] != 00; i++) { if ((str[i] == 'u' && str[i + 1] == 't' && str[i + 2] == 'f') || (str[i] == 'U' && str[i + 1] == 'T' && str[i + 2] == 'F')) { printf ("Unicode is supported on this terminal and U+25B3 is : \u25b3"); i = -1; break; } } if (i != -1) printf ("Unicode is not supported on this terminal."); return 0; }
Write the same algorithm in C as shown in this Go implementation.
package main import ( "container/list" "fmt" ) type BinaryTree struct { node int leftSubTree *BinaryTree rightSubTree *BinaryTree } func (bt *BinaryTree) insert(item int) { if bt.node == 0 { bt.node = item bt.leftSubTree = &BinaryTree{} bt.rightSubTree = &BinaryTree{} } else if item < bt.node { bt.leftSubTree.insert(item) } else { bt.rightSubTree.insert(item) } } func (bt *BinaryTree) inOrder(ll *list.List) { if bt.node == 0 { return } bt.leftSubTree.inOrder(ll) ll.PushBack(bt.node) bt.rightSubTree.inOrder(ll) } func treeSort(ll *list.List) *list.List { searchTree := &BinaryTree{} for e := ll.Front(); e != nil; e = e.Next() { i := e.Value.(int) searchTree.insert(i) } ll2 := list.New() searchTree.inOrder(ll2) return ll2 } func printLinkedList(ll *list.List, f string, sorted bool) { for e := ll.Front(); e != nil; e = e.Next() { i := e.Value.(int) fmt.Printf(f+" ", i) } if !sorted { fmt.Print("-> ") } else { fmt.Println() } } func main() { sl := []int{5, 3, 7, 9, 1} ll := list.New() for _, i := range sl { ll.PushBack(i) } printLinkedList(ll, "%d", false) lls := treeSort(ll) printLinkedList(lls, "%d", true) sl2 := []int{'d', 'c', 'e', 'b', 'a'} ll2 := list.New() for _, c := range sl2 { ll2.PushBack(c) } printLinkedList(ll2, "%c", false) lls2 := treeSort(ll2) printLinkedList(lls2, "%c", true) }
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <time.h> void fatal(const char* message) { fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", message); exit(1); } void* xmalloc(size_t n) { void* ptr = malloc(n); if (ptr == NULL) fatal("Out of memory"); return ptr; } typedef struct node_tag { int item; struct node_tag* prev; struct node_tag* next; } node_t; void list_initialize(node_t* list) { list->prev = list; list->next = list; } void list_destroy(node_t* list) { node_t* n = list->next; while (n != list) { node_t* tmp = n->next; free(n); n = tmp; } } void list_append_node(node_t* list, node_t* node) { node_t* prev = list->prev; prev->next = node; list->prev = node; node->prev = prev; node->next = list; } void list_append_item(node_t* list, int item) { node_t* node = xmalloc(sizeof(node_t)); node->item = item; list_append_node(list, node); } void list_print(node_t* list) { printf("["); node_t* n = list->next; if (n != list) { printf("%d", n->item); n = n->next; } for (; n != list; n = n->next) printf(", %d", n->item); printf("]\n"); } void tree_insert(node_t** p, node_t* n) { while (*p != NULL) { if (n->item < (*p)->item) p = &(*p)->prev; else p = &(*p)->next; } *p = n; } void tree_to_list(node_t* list, node_t* node) { if (node == NULL) return; node_t* prev = node->prev; node_t* next = node->next; tree_to_list(list, prev); list_append_node(list, node); tree_to_list(list, next); } void tree_sort(node_t* list) { node_t* n = list->next; if (n == list) return; node_t* root = NULL; while (n != list) { node_t* next = n->next; n->next = n->prev = NULL; tree_insert(&root, n); n = next; } list_initialize(list); tree_to_list(list, root); } int main() { srand(time(0)); node_t list; list_initialize(&list); for (int i = 0; i < 16; ++i) list_append_item(&list, rand() % 100); printf("before sort: "); list_print(&list); tree_sort(&list); printf(" after sort: "); list_print(&list); list_destroy(&list); return 0; }