id int64 0 18.9k | biography stringlengths 151 1.51k | qa listlengths 1 25 |
|---|---|---|
2,376 | The River Plym, which flows off Dartmoor to the north-east, forms a smaller estuary to the east of the city called Cattewater. Plymouth Sound is protected from the sea by the Plymouth Breakwater, in use since 1814. In the Sound is Drake's Island which is seen from Plymouth Hoe, a flat public area on top of limestone cl... | [
{
"answer": "Cattewater",
"question": "What estuary east of Plymouth is part of the River Plym?"
},
{
"answer": "1814",
"question": "When did the Plymouth Breakwater open?"
},
{
"answer": "Drake's Island",
"question": "What island is present in Plymouth Sound?"
},
{
"answer":... |
2,377 | Geologically, Plymouth has a mixture of limestone, Devonian slate, granite and Middle Devonian limestone. Plymouth Sound, Shores and Cliffs is a Site of Special Scientific Interest, because of its geology. The bulk of the city is built upon Upper Devonian slates and shales and the headlands at the entrance to Plymouth ... | [
{
"answer": "Site of Special Scientific Interest",
"question": "What special designation does Plymouth Sound, Shores and Cliffs possess?"
},
{
"answer": "Lower Devonian slates",
"question": "What stones form the headlands near Plymouth Sound?"
},
{
"answer": "granite",
"question": "A... |
2,378 | A band of Middle Devonian limestone runs west to east from Cremyll to Plymstock including the Hoe. Local limestone may be seen in numerous buildings, walls and pavements throughout Plymouth. To the north and north east of the city is the granite mass of Dartmoor; the granite was mined and exported via Plymouth. Rocks b... | [
{
"answer": "Cremyll",
"question": "Middle Devonian limestone exists between Plymstock and what location?"
},
{
"answer": "Dartmoor",
"question": "What location north of the city possesses granite?"
},
{
"answer": "Tamar",
"question": "What river was used to ferry granite from Dartmo... |
2,381 | Rainfall tends to be associated with Atlantic depressions or with convection. The Atlantic depressions are more vigorous in autumn and winter and most of the rain which falls in those seasons in the south-west is from this source. Average annual rainfall is around 980 millimetres (39 in). November to March have the hig... | [
{
"answer": "Atlantic depressions",
"question": "Along with convection, what provokes rain in the Plymouth area?"
},
{
"answer": "autumn",
"question": "Along with winter, in what season are Atlantic depressions most prevalent?"
},
{
"answer": "39",
"question": "About how many inches ... |
2,382 | South West England has a favoured location when the Azores High pressure area extends north-eastwards towards the UK, particularly in summer. Coastal areas have average annual sunshine totals over 1,600 hours. | [
{
"answer": "over 1,600",
"question": "How many hours of sunshine does the South West England region get each year?"
},
{
"answer": "South West England",
"question": "What region of England benefits from the extension of the Azores High pressure area?"
}
] |
2,383 | Typically, the warmest day of the year (1971–2000) will achieve a temperature of 26.6 °C (80 °F), although in June 1976 the temperature reached 31.6 °C (89 °F), the site record. On average, 4.25 days of the year will report a maximum temperature of 25.1 °C (77 °F) or above. During the winter half of the year, the colde... | [
{
"answer": "89",
"question": "In degrees Fahrenheit, what was the highest temperature achieved in Plymouth between 1971 and 2000?"
},
{
"answer": "June 1976",
"question": "In what month and year did Plymouth see its highest temperature between 1971 and 2000?"
},
{
"answer": "4.25",
... |
2,384 | The University of Plymouth enrolls 25,895 total students as of 2014/15 (22nd largest in the UK out of 165). It also employs 3,000 staff with an annual income of around £160 million. It was founded in 1992 from Polytechnic South West (formerly Plymouth Polytechnic) following the Further and Higher Education Act 1992. It... | [
{
"answer": "25,895",
"question": "How many students are studying at the University of Plymouth?"
},
{
"answer": "22nd",
"question": "Where does the University of Plymouth rank among British institutions of higher education in terms of number of enrolled students?"
},
{
"answer": "3,000"... |
2,385 | The University of St Mark & St John (known as "Marjon" or "Marjons") specialises in teacher training, and offers training across the country and abroad. | [
{
"answer": "The University of St Mark & St John",
"question": "What institution of higher education is colloquially known as Marjons?"
},
{
"answer": "teacher training",
"question": "What is the academic specialty of the University of St Mark & St John?"
}
] |
2,386 | The city is also home to two large colleges. The City College Plymouth provides courses from the most basic to Foundation degrees for approximately 26,000 students. Plymouth College of Art offers a selection of courses including media. It was started 153 years ago and is now one of only four independent colleges of art... | [
{
"answer": "Plymouth College of Art",
"question": "Along with City College Plymouth, what college calls Plymouth home?"
},
{
"answer": "26,000",
"question": "About how many students are enrolled at City College Plymouth?"
},
{
"answer": "153",
"question": "How many years ago was Ply... |
2,387 | Plymouth also has 71 state primary phase schools, 13 state secondary schools, eight special schools and three selective state grammar schools, Devonport High School for Girls, Devonport High School for Boys and Plymouth High School for Girls. There is also an independent school Plymouth College. | [
{
"answer": "71",
"question": "How many state primary schools are in Plymouth?"
},
{
"answer": "13",
"question": "Plymouth has how many state secondary schools?"
},
{
"answer": "three",
"question": "How many state grammar schools are based in Plymouth?"
},
{
"answer": "Plymou... |
2,388 | The city was also home to the Royal Naval Engineering College; opened in 1880 in Keyham, it trained engineering students for five years before they completed the remaining two years of the course at Greenwich. The college closed in 1910, but in 1940 a new college opened at Manadon. This was renamed Dockyard Technical C... | [
{
"answer": "the Royal Naval Engineering College",
"question": "What maritime institution of higher education existed in Plymouth as of 1880?"
},
{
"answer": "1910",
"question": "When did the Royal Naval Engineering College shut its doors in Plymouth?"
},
{
"answer": "Dockyard Technical ... |
2,389 | Plymouth is home to the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom (MBA) which conducts research in all areas of the marine sciences. The Plymouth Marine Laboratory is an offshoot of the MBA. Together with the National Marine Aquarium, the Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Sciences, Plymouth University's ... | [
{
"answer": "Marine Biological Association",
"question": "What organization known as the MBA is based in Plymouth?"
},
{
"answer": "Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Sciences",
"question": "What Plymouth organization is named for Sir Alister Hardy?"
},
{
"answer": "Marine Institute"... |
2,391 | Plymouth's gross value added (a measure of the size of its economy) was 5,169 million GBP in 2013 making up 25% of Devon's GVA. Its GVA per person was £19,943 and compared to the national average of £23,755, was £3,812 lower. Plymouth's unemployment rate was 7.0% in 2014 which was 2.0 points higher than the South West ... | [
{
"answer": "25%",
"question": "What percentage of Devon's GVA does Plymouth comprise in 2013?"
},
{
"answer": "5,169",
"question": "What was Plymouth's 2013 GVA in millions of British Pounds?"
},
{
"answer": "£19,943",
"question": "What was Plymouth' per capita GVA in 2013?"
},
... |
2,392 | A 2014 profile by the National Health Service showed Plymouth had higher than average levels of poverty and deprivation (26.2% of population among the poorest 20.4% nationally). Life expectancy, at 78.3 years for men and 82.1 for women, was the lowest of any region in the South West of England. | [
{
"answer": "26.2%",
"question": "What percentage of Plymouth residents were suffering from poverty and deprivation in 2014?"
},
{
"answer": "78.3 years",
"question": "As of 2014, what was the life expectancy of male Plymouth residents?"
},
{
"answer": "82.1",
"question": "As of 2014... |
2,393 | Because of its coastal location, the economy of Plymouth has traditionally been maritime, in particular the defence sector with over 12,000 people employed and approximately 7,500 in the armed forces. The Plymouth Gin Distillery has been producing Plymouth Gin since 1793, which was exported around the world by the Roya... | [
{
"answer": "12,000",
"question": "How many Plymouth residents are employed in defense?"
},
{
"answer": "7,500",
"question": "About how many Plymouth residents are serving in the military?"
},
{
"answer": "1793",
"question": "When was Plymouth Gin first distilled?"
},
{
"answ... |
2,394 | Devonport Dockyard is the UK's only naval base that refits nuclear submarines and the Navy estimates that the Dockyard generates about 10% of Plymouth's income. Plymouth has the largest cluster of marine and maritime businesses in the south west with 270 firms operating within the sector. Other substantial employers in... | [
{
"answer": "10%",
"question": "About what percentage of Plymouth's income comes from the Dockyard?"
},
{
"answer": "Devonport Dockyard",
"question": "What Royal Navy base is present in Plymouth?"
},
{
"answer": "270",
"question": "How many maritime businesses operate in Plymouth?"
... |
2,395 | Plymouth has a post-war shopping area in the city centre with substantial pedestrianisation. At the west end of the zone inside a grade II listed building is the Pannier Market that was completed in 1959 – pannier meaning "basket" from French, so it translates as "basket market". In terms of retail floorspace, Plymouth... | [
{
"answer": "Pannier Market",
"question": "What notable shop is located in a grade II listed building?"
},
{
"answer": "1959",
"question": "In what year was Pannier Market finished?"
},
{
"answer": "29th",
"question": "What is Plymouth's national rank in retail floorspace?"
},
{
... |
2,396 | Plymouth Council is currently undertaking a project of urban redevelopment called the "Vision for Plymouth" launched by the architect David Mackay and backed by both Plymouth City Council and the Plymouth Chamber of Commerce (PCC). Its projects range from shopping centres, a cruise terminal, a boulevard and to increase... | [
{
"answer": "\"Vision for Plymouth\"",
"question": "What is the name of Plymouth Council's urban redevelopment project?"
},
{
"answer": "David Mackay",
"question": "What architect is in charge of the \"\"Vision for Plymouth\"?"
},
{
"answer": "the Plymouth Chamber of Commerce",
"ques... |
2,397 | In 2004 the old Drake Circus shopping centre and Charles Cross car park were demolished and replaced by the latest Drake Circus Shopping Centre, which opened in October 2006. It received negative feedback before opening when David Mackay said it was already "ten years out of date". In contrast, the Theatre Royal's prod... | [
{
"answer": "2004",
"question": "When was the Charles Cross car park removed?"
},
{
"answer": "October 2006",
"question": "In what month and year was the grand opening of Drake Circus Shopping Centre?"
},
{
"answer": "Cattedown",
"question": "Where was TR2 built?"
},
{
"answe... |
2,398 | There is a project involving the future relocation of Plymouth City Council's headquarters, the civic centre, to the current location of the Bretonside bus station; it would involve both the bus station and civic centre being demolished and a rebuilt together at the location with the land from the civic centre being so... | [
{
"answer": "the Bretonside bus station",
"question": "What location is proposed for the future home of the Plymouth City Council headquarters?"
},
{
"answer": "the Plymouth Pavilions entertainment arena",
"question": "To connect Millbay to the city centre, what would need to be destroyed?"
},... |
2,399 | The A38 dual-carriageway runs from east to west across the north of the city. Within the city it is designated as 'The Parkway' and represents the boundary between the urban parts of the city and the generally more recent suburban areas. Heading east, it connects Plymouth to the M5 motorway about 40 miles (65 km) away ... | [
{
"answer": "The Parkway",
"question": "What is the A38 called inside the city of Plymouth?"
},
{
"answer": "40",
"question": "In miles, about how far away from Plymouth does the A38 connect to the M5?"
},
{
"answer": "Tamar Bridge",
"question": "What bridge connects Cornwall to Plym... |
2,400 | A regular international ferry service provided by Brittany Ferries operates from Millbay taking cars and foot passengers directly to France (Roscoff) and Spain (Santander) on the three ferries, MV Armorique, MV Bretagne and MV Pont-Aven. There is a passenger ferry between Stonehouse and the Cornish hamlet of Cremyll, w... | [
{
"answer": "Brittany Ferries",
"question": "Who operates the ferry to Spain?"
},
{
"answer": "Roscoff",
"question": "Where does the ferry to France terminate?"
},
{
"answer": "MV Armorique",
"question": "Along with MV Bretagne and MV Pont-Aven, what ferry operates between Plymouth a... |
2,401 | The city's airport was Plymouth City Airport about 4 miles (6 km) north of the city centre. The airport was home to the local airline Air Southwest, which operated flights across the United Kingdom and Ireland. In June 2003, a report by the South West RDA was published looking at the future of aviation in the south-wes... | [
{
"answer": "Plymouth City Airport",
"question": "What local airport closed in 2011?"
},
{
"answer": "6",
"question": "In kilometers, how far away from the Plymouth city center was Plymouth City Airport?"
},
{
"answer": "2018",
"question": "By what year is the city airport planned to... |
2,402 | Plymouth railway station, which opened in 1877, is managed by Great Western Railway and also sees trains on the CrossCountry network. Smaller stations are served by local trains on the Tamar Valley Line and Cornish Main Line. First Great Western have come under fire recently, due to widespread rail service cuts across ... | [
{
"answer": "1877",
"question": "When did Plymouth's railroad station open for service?"
},
{
"answer": "Great Western Railway",
"question": "Who runs Plymouth's railroad station?"
},
{
"answer": "Cornish Main Line",
"question": "Along with the Tamar Valley Line, what local train ser... |
2,403 | The Exeter to Plymouth railway of the LSWR needs to be reopened to connect Cornwall and Plymouth to the rest of the UK railway system on an all weather basis. There are proposals to reopen the line from Tavistock to Bere Alston for a through service to Plymouth. On the night of 4 February 2014, amid high winds and extr... | [
{
"answer": "4 February 2014",
"question": "On what date was the Dawlish sea wall damaged?"
},
{
"answer": "130",
"question": "In feet, how much of the Dawlish sea wall was destroyed?"
},
{
"answer": "4 April 2014",
"question": "After the Dawlish sea wall was damaged, on what date di... |
2,404 | Plymouth has about 150 churches and its Roman Catholic cathedral (1858) is in Stonehouse. The city's oldest church is St Andrew's (Anglican) located at the top of Royal Parade—it is the largest parish church in Devon and has been a site of gathering since AD 800. The city also includes five Baptist churches, over twent... | [
{
"answer": "150",
"question": "How many churches are present in Plymouth?"
},
{
"answer": "1858",
"question": "In what year was Plymouth's Catholic cathedral built?"
},
{
"answer": "St Andrew's",
"question": "What is the name of the oldest church in Plymouth?"
},
{
"answer":... |
2,405 | Plymouth has the first known reference to Jews in the South West from Sir Francis Drake's voyages in 1577 to 1580, as his log mentioned "Moses the Jew" – a man from Plymouth. The Plymouth Synagogue is a Listed Grade II* building, built in 1762 and is the oldest Ashkenazi Synagogue in the English speaking world. There a... | [
{
"answer": "Moses",
"question": "What Plymouth Jew was mentioned by Sir Francis Drake?"
},
{
"answer": "1762",
"question": "In what year was Plymouth Synagogue constructed?"
},
{
"answer": "Grade II*",
"question": "What is Plymouth Synagogue's listed grade?"
},
{
"answer": "... |
2,406 | 58.1% of the population described themselves in the 2011 census return as being at least nominally Christian and 0.8% as Muslim with all other religions represented by less than 0.5% each. The portion of people without a religion is 32.9%; above the national average of 24.7%. 7.1% did not state their religious belief. ... | [
{
"answer": "58.1%",
"question": "What percentage of Plymouth's population call themselves Christian?"
},
{
"answer": "0.8%",
"question": "What percentage of Plymouth residents follow Islam?"
},
{
"answer": "32.9%",
"question": "What percentage of Plymouth consists of non-religious p... |
2,407 | Built in 1815, Union Street was at the heart of Plymouth's historical culture. It became known as the servicemen's playground, as it was where sailors from the Royal Navy would seek entertainment of all kinds. During the 1930s, there were 30 pubs and it attracted such performers as Charlie Chaplin to the New Palace The... | [
{
"answer": "1815",
"question": "In what year was Union Street constructed?"
},
{
"answer": "Charlie Chaplin",
"question": "Who performed at the New Palace Theatre in the 1930s?"
},
{
"answer": "30s",
"question": "How many pubs existed on Union Street in the 1930s?"
},
{
"ans... |
2,408 | Outdoor events and festivals are held including the annual British Firework Championships in August, which attracts tens of thousands of people across the waterfront. In August 2006 the world record for the most amount of simultaneous fireworks was surpassed, by Roy Lowry of the University of Plymouth, over Plymouth So... | [
{
"answer": "British Firework Championships",
"question": "What notable event occurs each August?"
},
{
"answer": "August 2006",
"question": "In what month and year was the world record for simultaneous fireworks broken?"
},
{
"answer": "Roy Lowry",
"question": "Who broke the world r... |
2,409 | The city's main theatres are the Theatre Royal (1,315 capacity), its Drum Theatre (200 capacity), and its production and creative learning centre, The TR2. The Plymouth Pavilions has multiple uses for the city staging music concerts, basketball matches and stand-up comedy. There are also three cinemas: Reel Cinema at D... | [
{
"answer": "1,315",
"question": "How many people can fit in the Theatre Royal?"
},
{
"answer": "200",
"question": "What is the capacity of Drum Theatre?"
},
{
"answer": "free",
"question": "What is the cost of admission to the Plymouth City Museum and Art Gallery?"
},
{
"ans... |
2,410 | Plymouth is the regional television centre of BBC South West. A team of journalists are headquartered at Plymouth for the ITV West Country regional station, after a merger with ITV West forced ITV Westcountry to close on 16 February 2009. The main local newspapers serving Plymouth are The Herald and Western Morning New... | [
{
"answer": "BBC South West",
"question": "What television station has its regional headquarters in Plymouth?"
},
{
"answer": "ITV West Country",
"question": "What regional ITV station serves Plymouth?"
},
{
"answer": "16 February 2009",
"question": "On what date did ITV Westcountry ... |
2,411 | Plymouth is home to Plymouth Argyle F.C., who play in the fourth tier of English football league known as Football League Two. The team's home ground is called Home Park and is located in Central Park. It links itself with the group of English non-conformists that left Plymouth for the New World in 1620: its nickname i... | [
{
"answer": "Plymouth Argyle F.C.",
"question": "What football league team is located in Plymouth?"
},
{
"answer": "Football League Two",
"question": "What level of the football league does Plymouth Argyle F.C. operate in?"
},
{
"answer": "Home Park",
"question": "What is the home fi... |
2,412 | Other sports clubs include Plymouth Albion R.F.C. and the Plymouth Raiders basketball club. Plymouth Albion Rugby Football Club is a rugby union club that was founded in 1875 and are currently competing in the third tier of Professional English Rugby . They play at the Brickfields. Plymouth Raiders play in the British ... | [
{
"answer": "Plymouth Albion R.F.C.",
"question": "What rugby union team is based in Plymouth?"
},
{
"answer": "Plymouth Raiders",
"question": "What British Basketball League team calls Plymouth home?"
},
{
"answer": "1875",
"question": "When was Plymouth Albion R.F.C. founded?"
},... |
2,413 | Plymouth is an important centre for watersports, especially scuba diving and sailing. The Port of Plymouth Regatta is one of the oldest regattas in the world, and has been held regularly since 1823. In September 2011, Plymouth hosted the America's Cup World Series for nine days. | [
{
"answer": "1823",
"question": "When was the first Port of Plymouth Regatta?"
},
{
"answer": "September 2011",
"question": "In what month and year did Plymouth play host to the America's Cup World Series?"
},
{
"answer": "nine",
"question": "For how many days did the America's Cup W... |
2,414 | Since 1973 Plymouth has been supplied water by South West Water. Prior to the 1973 take over it was supplied by Plymouth County Borough Corporation. Before the 19th century two leats were built in order to provide drinking water for the town. They carried water from Dartmoor to Plymouth. A watercourse, known as Plymout... | [
{
"answer": "1973",
"question": "When did Plymouth begin receiving water from South West Water?"
},
{
"answer": "Plymouth County Borough Corporation",
"question": "Who provided Plymouth's water prior to 1973?"
},
{
"answer": "24 April 1591",
"question": "When did Drake's Leat open?"
... |
2,415 | Plymouth City Council is responsible for waste management throughout the city and South West Water is responsible for sewerage. Plymouth's electricity is supplied from the National Grid and distributed to Plymouth via Western Power Distribution. On the outskirts of Plympton a combined cycle gas-powered station, the Lan... | [
{
"answer": "Plymouth City Council",
"question": "What body handles waste management in Plymouth?"
},
{
"answer": "South West Water",
"question": "Who oversees Plymouth's sewers?"
},
{
"answer": "Western Power Distribution",
"question": "Who distributes electricity in Plymouth?"
},... |
2,416 | Her Majesty's Courts Service provide a Magistrates' Court and a Combined Crown and County Court in the city. The Plymouth Borough Police, formed in 1836, eventually became part of Devon and Cornwall Constabulary. There are police stations at Charles Cross and Crownhill (the Divisional HQ) and smaller stations at Plympt... | [
{
"answer": "1836",
"question": "When did the Plymouth Borough Police begin operation?"
},
{
"answer": "Crownhill",
"question": "Where is the police divisional headquarters located?"
},
{
"answer": "five",
"question": "How many fire stations are present in Plymouth?"
},
{
"an... |
2,417 | Plymouth is served by Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust and the city's NHS hospital is Derriford Hospital 4 miles (6 km) north of the city centre. The Royal Eye Infirmary is located at Derriford Hospital. South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust operates in Plymouth and the rest of the south west; its headquarte... | [
{
"answer": "Derriford Hospital",
"question": "What is Plymouth's National Health Service hospital?"
},
{
"answer": "6",
"question": "In kilometers, how far is Derriford Hospital from the Plymouth city center?"
},
{
"answer": "Royal Eye Infirmary",
"question": "What notable clinic is... |
2,418 | The mid-19th century burial ground at Ford Park Cemetery was reopened in 2007 by a successful trust and the City council operate two large early 20th century cemeteries at Weston Mill and Efford both with crematoria and chapels. There is also a privately owned cemetery on the outskirts of the city, Drake Memorial Park ... | [
{
"answer": "2007",
"question": "When did Ford Park Cemetery reopen?"
},
{
"answer": "Weston Mill",
"question": "Along with Efford, where else does the Plymouth City Council operate a cemetery?"
},
{
"answer": "Drake Memorial Park",
"question": "What is the name of the private cemete... |
2,419 | After the English Civil War the Royal Citadel was built in 1666 on the east end of Plymouth Hoe, to defend the port from naval attacks, suppress Plymothian Parliamentary leanings and to train the armed forces. Guided tours are available in the summer months. Further west is Smeaton's Tower, which was built in 1759 as a... | [
{
"answer": "1666",
"question": "In what year was the Royal Citadel constructed?"
},
{
"answer": "English Civil War",
"question": "In the wake of what conflict was the Royal Citadel built?"
},
{
"answer": "1759",
"question": "When was Smeaton's Tower first constructed?"
},
{
... |
2,420 | The early port settlement of Plymouth, called "Sutton", approximates to the area now referred to as the Barbican and has 100 listed buildings and the largest concentration of cobbled streets in Britain. The Pilgrim Fathers left for the New World in 1620 near the commemorative Mayflower Steps in Sutton Pool. Also on Sut... | [
{
"answer": "Sutton",
"question": "What was the name of the port once situated on the land occupied by present day Plymouth?"
},
{
"answer": "1620",
"question": "When did the Pilgrim Fathers depart Plymouth for the Americas?"
},
{
"answer": "Mayflower Steps",
"question": "What monume... |
2,421 | On the northern outskirts of the city, Crownhill Fort is a well restored example of a "Palmerston's Folly". It is owned by the Landmark Trust and is open to the public. | [
{
"answer": "Crownhill Fort",
"question": "What structure was referred to as a \"Palmerston's Folly\"?"
},
{
"answer": "north",
"question": "In what cardinal direction is Crownhill Fort located outside the city?"
},
{
"answer": "the Landmark Trust",
"question": "Who runs Crownhill Fo... |
2,422 | To the west of the city is Devonport, one of Plymouth's historic quarters. As part of Devonport's millennium regeneration project, the Devonport Heritage Trail has been introduced, complete with over 70 waymarkers outlining the route. | [
{
"answer": "west",
"question": "In what cardinal direction outside Plymouth is Devonport located?"
},
{
"answer": "over 70",
"question": "How many waymarkers are present on the Devonport Heritage Trail?"
}
] |
2,423 | Plymouth is often used as a base by visitors to Dartmoor, the Tamar Valley and the beaches of south-east Cornwall. Kingsand, Cawsand and Whitsand Bay are popular. | [
{
"answer": "south-east Cornwall",
"question": "Visitors to what region's beaches often stop at Plymouth?"
},
{
"answer": "Kingsand",
"question": "Along with Whitsand Bay and Cawsand, what Plymouth-area beaches are popular with tourists?"
},
{
"answer": "Tamar Valley",
"question": "V... |
2,424 | The Roland Levinsky building, the landmark building of the University of Plymouth, is located in the city's central quarter. Designed by leading architect Henning Larsen, the building was opened in 2008 and houses the University's Arts faculty. It has been consistently considered one of the UK's most beautiful universi... | [
{
"answer": "Henning Larsen",
"question": "Who designed the Roland Levinsky building?"
},
{
"answer": "2008",
"question": "When did the Roland Levinsky building open?"
},
{
"answer": "University of Plymouth",
"question": "Of what university is the Roland Levinsky building a part?"
... |
2,425 | People from Plymouth are known as Plymothians or less formally as Janners. Its meaning is described as a person from Devon, deriving from Cousin Jan (the Devon form of John), but more particularly in naval circles anyone from the Plymouth area. | [
{
"answer": "Plymothians",
"question": "What are Plymouth residents commonly called?"
},
{
"answer": "Janners",
"question": "What colloquial term is used for Plymouth residents?"
},
{
"answer": "Cousin Jan",
"question": "After what figure are Janners named?"
},
{
"answer": "J... |
2,426 | The Elizabethan navigator, Sir Francis Drake was born in the nearby town of Tavistock and was the mayor of Plymouth. He was the first Englishman to circumnavigate the world and was known by the Spanish as El Draco meaning "The Dragon" after he raided many of their ships. He died of dysentery in 1596 off the coast of Pu... | [
{
"answer": "Tavistock",
"question": "What was the birthplace of Sir Francis Drake?"
},
{
"answer": "El Draco",
"question": "What did the Spanish nickname Sir Francis Drake?"
},
{
"answer": "1596",
"question": "In what year did Sir Francis Drake die?"
},
{
"answer": "dysenter... |
2,427 | Antarctic explorers Robert Falcon Scott and Frank Bickerton both lived in the city. Artists include Beryl Cook whose paintings depict the culture of Plymouth and Robert Lenkiewicz, whose paintings investigated themes of vagrancy, sexual behaviour and suicide, lived in the city from the 1960s until his death in 2002. Il... | [
{
"answer": "Robert Lenkiewicz",
"question": "What artist died in Plymouth in 2002?"
},
{
"answer": "Plymouth College of Art",
"question": "Where did the creator of Mr Benn and King Rollo study?"
},
{
"answer": "Jazz",
"question": "What genre of music does John Surman play?"
},
{... |
2,428 | Notable athletes include swimmer Sharron Davies, diver Tom Daley, dancer Wayne Sleep, and footballer Trevor Francis. Other past residents include composer journalist and newspaper editor William Henry Wills, Ron Goodwin, and journalist Angela Rippon and comedian Dawn French. Canadian politician and legal scholar Chris ... | [
{
"answer": "footballer",
"question": "What is the occupation of Trevor Francis?"
},
{
"answer": "Canadian",
"question": "What is the current nationality of former Plymouth resident Chris Axworthy?"
},
{
"answer": "Lyndon B. Johnson",
"question": "What United States vice president di... |
2,429 | Heresy is any provocative belief or theory that is strongly at variance with established beliefs or customs. A heretic is a proponent of such claims or beliefs. Heresy is distinct from both apostasy, which is the explicit renunciation of one's religion, principles or cause, and blasphemy, which is an impious utterance ... | [
{
"answer": "established beliefs or customs",
"question": "What is heresy mainly at odds with?"
},
{
"answer": "A heretic",
"question": "What is a person called is practicing heresy?"
}
] |
2,430 | The term is usually used to refer to violations of important religious teachings, but is used also of views strongly opposed to any generally accepted ideas. It is used in particular in reference to Christianity, Judaism, Islam and Marxism. | [
{
"answer": "Christianity, Judaism, Islam and Marxism",
"question": "What religions and idea of thought is heresy cited as being used frequently in?"
}
] |
2,431 | In certain historical Christian, Islamic and Jewish cultures, among others, espousing ideas deemed heretical has been and in some cases still is subjected not merely to punishments such as excommunication, but even to the death penalty. | [
{
"answer": "Christian, Islamic and Jewish",
"question": "What cultures are listed as examples of discipline for being a heretic?"
}
] |
2,432 | The term heresy is from Greek αἵρεσις originally meant "choice" or "thing chosen", but it came to mean the "party or school of a man's choice" and also referred to that process whereby a young person would examine various philosophies to determine how to live. The word "heresy" is usually used within a Christian, Jewis... | [
{
"answer": "Greek",
"question": "What language does the term heresy find its roots in?"
},
{
"answer": "slightly different",
"question": "What is the relationship between the context heresy is used in for Christian, Jewish, or Islamic cultures?"
},
{
"answer": "heresiarch",
"questio... |
2,433 | According to Titus 3:10 a divisive person should be warned two times before separating from him. The Greek for the phrase "divisive person" became a technical term in the early Church for a type of "heretic" who promoted dissension. In contrast correct teaching is called sound not only because it builds up in the faith... | [
{
"answer": "two times",
"question": "How many times is it suggested that you should warn people you are in disagreement with before parting ways?"
},
{
"answer": "divisive person",
"question": "What term is used to describe an individual in the early Church that introduced discord?"
},
{
... |
2,434 | The Church Fathers identified Jews and Judaism with heresy. They saw deviations from Orthodox Christianity as heresies that were essentially Jewish in spirit. Tertullian implied that it was the Jews who most inspired heresy in Christianity: "From the Jew the heretic has accepted guidance in this discussion [that Jesus ... | [
{
"answer": "Jews and Judaism",
"question": "What culture and religion did Fathers of the Church correlate with heresy?"
},
{
"answer": "Orthodox Christianity",
"question": "What religion were these Fathers of the Church?"
},
{
"answer": "Tertullian",
"question": "Who suggested that ... |
2,435 | The use of the word "heresy" was given wide currency by Irenaeus in his 2nd century tract Contra Haereses (Against Heresies) to describe and discredit his opponents during the early centuries of the Christian community.[citation needed] He described the community's beliefs and doctrines as orthodox (from ὀρθός, orthos ... | [
{
"answer": "Irenaeus",
"question": "Who gave more exposure to the term heresy when attempting to descredit opponents during the early centuries of Christianity?"
},
{
"answer": "orthodox",
"question": "What term did Irenaeus use to describe the Christian community's ideologies?"
},
{
"a... |
2,436 | Constantine the Great, who along with Licinius had decreed toleration of Christianity in the Roman Empire by what is commonly called the "Edict of Milan", and was the first Roman Emperor baptized, set precedents for later policy. By Roman law the Emperor was Pontifex Maximus, the high priest of the College of Pontiffs ... | [
{
"answer": "Constantine the Great",
"question": "Who was the first Roman Emporor that was baptized?"
},
{
"answer": "Edict of Milan",
"question": "What did Constantine the Great and Licinius pass to introduce toleration of Christianity in the Roman Empire?"
},
{
"answer": "Pontifex Maxi... |
2,437 | The first known usage of the term in a legal context was in AD 380 by the Edict of Thessalonica of Theodosius I, which made Christianity the state church of the Roman Empire. Prior to the issuance of this edict, the Church had no state-sponsored support for any particular legal mechanism to counter what it perceived as... | [
{
"answer": "AD 380",
"question": "In what year was the first usage of the term heresy in a legal context?"
},
{
"answer": "Thessalonica of Theodosius I",
"question": "Who intitiated Christianity to be a state church of the Roman Empire?"
},
{
"answer": "state-sponsored support",
"qu... |
2,439 | In the Roman Catholic Church, obstinate and willful manifest heresy is considered to spiritually cut one off from the Church, even before excommunication is incurred. The Codex Justinianus (1:5:12) defines "everyone who is not devoted to the Catholic Church and to our Orthodox holy Faith" a heretic. The Church had alwa... | [
{
"answer": "obstinate and willful manifest heresy",
"question": "What is thought of to spiritually cut one off from the Church even before excommunication?"
},
{
"answer": "The Codex Justinianus",
"question": "What book gives the definition of a heretic as anyone that does not follow the Cathol... |
2,440 | In France the Cathars grew to represent a popular mass movement and the belief was spreading to other areas. The Cathar Crusade was initiated by the Roman Catholic Church to eliminate the Cathar heresy in Languedoc. Heresy was a major justification for the Inquisition (Inquisitio Haereticae Pravitatis, Inquiry on Heret... | [
{
"answer": "France",
"question": "In what country did the Cathars grow to represent a popular movement?"
},
{
"answer": "The Cathar Crusade",
"question": "What was started by the Roman Catholic Church to dispense of the Cathars in Languedoc?"
},
{
"answer": "Heresy",
"question": "Wh... |
2,441 | Galileo Galilei was brought before the Inquisition for heresy, but abjured his views and was sentenced to house arrest, under which he spent the rest of his life. Galileo was found "vehemently suspect of heresy", namely of having held the opinions that the Sun lies motionless at the centre of the universe, that the Ear... | [
{
"answer": "Galileo Galilei",
"question": "Who was brought before the Inquisition for heresy but renounced his beliefs and thus remained under house arrest for life?"
},
{
"answer": "the Sun lies motionless at the centre of the universe",
"question": "What belief did Galileo have at the time th... |
2,442 | Pope St. Gregory stigmatized Judaism and the Jewish People in many of his writings. He described Jews as enemies of Christ: "The more the Holy Spirit fills the world, the more perverse hatred dominates the souls of the Jews." He labeled all heresy as "Jewish", claiming that Judaism would "pollute [Catholics and] deceiv... | [
{
"answer": "Pope St. Gregory",
"question": "Who denounced Jewish People in many of his writings?"
},
{
"answer": "Christ",
"question": "What were the Jews described as enemies of?"
},
{
"answer": "Jewish",
"question": "According to Pope St. Gregory what religion must you be in order... |
2,443 | In Eastern Christianity heresy most commonly refers to those beliefs declared heretical by the first seven Ecumenical Councils.[citation needed] Since the Great Schism and the Protestant Reformation, various Christian churches have also used the concept in proceedings against individuals and groups those churches deeme... | [
{
"answer": "Eastern Christianity",
"question": "What area of Christianity commonly cited the first seven Ecumenical Councils in regards to heresy?"
},
{
"answer": "Great Schism and the Protestant Reformation",
"question": "After what two events did various Christian churches also begin using th... |
2,444 | In his work "On the Jews and Their Lies" (1543), German Reformation leader Martin Luther claims that Jewish history was "assailed by much heresy", and that Christ the logos swept away the Jewish heresy and goes on to do so, "as it still does daily before our eyes." He stigmatizes Jewish Prayer as being "blasphemous" (s... | [
{
"answer": "\"On the Jews and Their Lies\"",
"question": "What is the work called that Martin Luther created regarding Jews and heresy?"
},
{
"answer": "blasphemous",
"question": "What term does Luther assign to the practice of Jewish Prayer?"
},
{
"answer": "Jewish circumcision",
"... |
2,446 | Another example of the persecution of heretics under Protestant rule was the execution of the Boston martyrs in 1659, 1660, and 1661. These executions resulted from the actions of the Anglican Puritans, who at that time wielded political as well as ecclesiastic control in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. At the time, the ... | [
{
"answer": "1659, 1660, and 1661",
"question": "During which years did the execution of the Boston martyrs take place?"
},
{
"answer": "Anglican Puritans",
"question": "Which group was responsible for the deaths of the Boston martyrs?"
},
{
"answer": "purer absolute theocracy",
"que... |
2,447 | The era of mass persecution and execution of heretics under the banner of Christianity came to an end in 1826 with the last execution of a "heretic", Cayetano Ripoll, by the Catholic Inquisition. | [
{
"answer": "1826",
"question": "What year did the deaths of heretics under Christianity come to an end?"
},
{
"answer": "Cayetano Ripoll",
"question": "Who was the last heretic put to death under the Catholic Inquisition?"
}
] |
2,448 | Although less common than in earlier periods, in modern times, formal charges of heresy within Christian churches still occur. Issues in the Protestant churches have included modern biblical criticism and the nature of God. In the Catholic Church, the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith criticizes writings for "... | [
{
"answer": "Christian",
"question": "Under which religion do charges of heresy still occur in modern times?"
},
{
"answer": "Protestant",
"question": "Which religion is cited as having problems with modern biblical criticism?"
},
{
"answer": "Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith",... |
2,449 | Perhaps due to the many modern negative connotations associated with the term heretic, such as the Spanish inquisition, the term is used less often today. The subject of Christian heresy opens up broader questions as to who has a monopoly on spiritual truth, as explored by Jorge Luis Borges in the short story "The Theo... | [
{
"answer": "Spanish inquisition",
"question": "What event is stated as a reason why the word heretic is used less often in modern times?"
},
{
"answer": "Jorge Luis Borges",
"question": "Who was the author of the short story \"The Theologians\"?"
},
{
"answer": "Christian heresy",
"... |
2,450 | Ottoman Sultan Selim the Grim, regarded the Shia Qizilbash as heretics, reportedly proclaimed that "the killing of one Shiite had as much otherworldly reward as killing 70 Christians." | [
{
"answer": "Shia Qizilbash",
"question": "What group did Sultan Selim the Grim label as heretics?"
},
{
"answer": "70",
"question": "What number of Christians did Selim the Grim equate to the killing of one Shiite?"
}
] |
2,451 | In some modern day nations and regions in which Sharia law is ostensibly practiced, heresy remains an offense punishable by death. One example is the 1989 fatwa issued by the government of Iran, offering a substantial bounty for anyone who succeeds in the assassination of author Salman Rushdie, whose writings were decl... | [
{
"answer": "Sharia law",
"question": "What type of law is still in practice in which heresy results in execution?"
},
{
"answer": "Salman Rushdie",
"question": "What author was declared a heretic and had a bounty placed on his head by the government of Iran?"
}
] |
2,452 | Orthodox Judaism considers views on the part of Jews who depart from traditional Jewish principles of faith heretical. In addition, the more right-wing groups within Orthodox Judaism hold that all Jews who reject the simple meaning of Maimonides's 13 principles of Jewish faith are heretics. As such, most of Orthodox Ju... | [
{
"answer": "heretical",
"question": "What does Orthodox Judaism regard Jews who depart from traditional practices as?"
},
{
"answer": "right-wing groups",
"question": "What alignment within Orthodox Judaism view individuals as heretics that reject Maimonides's 13 principles of Jewish faith?"
... |
2,453 | The act of using Church of Scientology techniques in a form different than originally described by Hubbard is referred to within Scientology as "squirreling" and is said by Scientologists to be high treason. The Religious Technology Center has prosecuted breakaway groups that have practiced Scientology outside the offi... | [
{
"answer": "squirreling",
"question": "What term is used for the act of using Church of Scientology techniques in contrast to what Hubbard envisioned?"
},
{
"answer": "The Religious Technology Center",
"question": "What institution has prosecuted groups that practice outside the official Church... |
2,454 | In other contexts the term does not necessarily have pejorative overtones and may even be complimentary when used, in areas where innovation is welcome, of ideas that are in fundamental disagreement with the status quo in any practice and branch of knowledge. Scientist/author Isaac Asimov considered heresy as an abstra... | [
{
"answer": "innovation",
"question": "What must be welcomed in areas for the term do be perceived as complimentary?"
},
{
"answer": "an abstraction",
"question": "What did Isaac Asimov consider heresy as?"
},
{
"answer": "endoheretics",
"question": "Which type of heresy is the scien... |
2,455 | The revisionist paleontologist Robert T. Bakker, who published his findings as The Dinosaur Heresies, treated the mainstream view of dinosaurs as dogma. "I have enormous respect for dinosaur paleontologists past and present. But on average, for the last fifty years, the field hasn't tested dinosaur orthodoxy severely e... | [
{
"answer": "The Dinosaur Heresies",
"question": "What is the title of the book published by Robert T. Bakker regarding mainstream opinion of dinosaurs?"
},
{
"answer": "the field hasn't tested dinosaur orthodoxy severely enough",
"question": "What criticism did Robert T. Bakker share about the ... |
2,456 | Immanuel Velikovsky is an example of a recent scientific exoheretic; he did not have appropriate scientific credentials or did not publish in scientific journals. While the details of his work are in scientific disrepute, the concept of catastrophic change (extinction event and punctuated equilibrium) has gained accept... | [
{
"answer": "exoheretic",
"question": "What label is associated with Immanuel Velikovsky due to his works outside the accepted discipline?"
},
{
"answer": "scientific journals",
"question": "What medium did Immanuel Velikovsky not publish his works in that is accepted practice?"
},
{
"an... |
2,457 | The term heresy is also used as an ideological pigeonhole for contemporary writers because, by definition, heresy depends on contrasts with an established orthodoxy. For example, the tongue-in-cheek contemporary usage of heresy, such as to categorize a "Wall Street heresy" a "Democratic heresy" or a "Republican heresy,... | [
{
"answer": "an established orthodoxy",
"question": "By definition, what contrast does heresy depend on?"
},
{
"answer": "metaphors",
"question": "What figure of speech is the word heresy commonly used as in present day scenarios?"
}
] |
2,458 | The Warsaw Pact (formally, the Treaty of Friendship, Co-operation, and Mutual Assistance, sometimes, informally WarPac, akin in format to NATO) was a collective defense treaty among Soviet Union and seven Soviet satellite states in Central and Eastern Europe in existence during the Cold War. The Warsaw Pact was the mil... | [
{
"answer": "1955",
"question": "In which year was the Warsaw Pact established?"
},
{
"answer": "Soviet Union",
"question": "Which nation formed the nucleus of the Warsaw Pact?"
},
{
"answer": "the Cold War",
"question": "Which conflict was the impetus for the formation of the Pact?"... |
2,459 | While the Warsaw Pact was established as a balance of power or counterweight to NATO, there was no direct confrontation between them. Instead, the conflict was fought on an ideological basis. Both NATO and the Warsaw Pact led to the expansion of military forces and their integration into the respective blocs. The Warsa... | [
{
"answer": "NATO",
"question": "Which organization was in direct competition with the Warsaw Pact?"
},
{
"answer": "Czechoslovakia",
"question": "Which nation saw the most significant Warsaw Pact military deployment? "
},
{
"answer": "Solidarity",
"question": "What was the name of t... |
2,460 | On 25 February 1991, the Pact was declared at an end at a meeting of defense and foreign ministers from the remaining member states meeting in Hungary. On 1 July 1991, the Czechoslovak President Václav Havel formally declared an end to the Warsaw Treaty Organization of Friendship, Co-operation, and Mutual Assistance wh... | [
{
"answer": "Hungary",
"question": "In which country did the Warsaw Pact dissolution meeting take place?"
},
{
"answer": "Václav Havel",
"question": "Who was the president of Czechoslovakia during the dissolution of the Warsaw Pact? "
}
] |
2,461 | The Warsaw Treaty's organization was two-fold: the Political Consultative Committee handled political matters, and the Combined Command of Pact Armed Forces controlled the assigned multi-national forces, with headquarters in Warsaw, Poland. Furthermore, the Supreme Commander of the Unified Armed Forces of the Warsaw Tr... | [
{
"answer": "the USSR",
"question": "Despite being headquartered in Poland, the top-ranking operatives of the Warsaw Pact were from which country?"
},
{
"answer": "the USSR",
"question": "Which nation was in effective control of both political and military functions of the Warsaw Pact?"
}
] |
2,462 | The strategy behind the formation of the Warsaw Pact was driven by the desire of the Soviet Union to dominate Central and Eastern Europe. This policy was driven by ideological and geostrategic reasons. Ideologically, the Soviet Union arrogated the right to define socialism and communism and act as the leader of the glo... | [
{
"answer": "socialism and communism",
"question": "Which ideologies did the Soviet Union aspire to lead around the globe?"
},
{
"answer": "Brezhnev",
"question": "Which Soviet leader formed doctrine aimed at keeping socialist satellite nations in line?"
},
{
"answer": "Western Europe",
... |
2,463 | Before creation of Warsaw Pact, fearing Germany rearmed, Czechoslovak leadership sought to create security pact with East Germany and Poland. These states protested strongly against re-militarization of West Germany. The Warsaw Pact was primarily put in place as a consequence of the rearming of West Germany inside NATO... | [
{
"answer": "West Germany",
"question": "The formation of the Warsaw Pact was driven by fears of which country rearming itself?"
},
{
"answer": "the USSR",
"question": "Which country sought NATO admission in response to the fear of German rearmament?"
}
] |
2,465 | One month later, the proposed European Treaty was rejected not only by supporters of the EDC but also by western opponents of the European Defense Community (like French Gaullist leader Palewski) who perceived it as "unacceptable in its present form because it excludes the USA from participation in the collective secur... | [
{
"answer": "the USA",
"question": "The omission of which nation from involvement in the proposed security system led to its NATO opposition?"
}
] |
2,466 | Again all proposals, including the request to join NATO, were rejected by UK, US, and French governments shortly after. Emblematic was the position of British General Hastings Ismay, supporter of NATO expansion, who said that NATO "must grow until the whole free world gets under one umbrella." He opposed the request to... | [
{
"answer": "Hastings Ismay",
"question": "Who was the general who spoke out against the USSR joining NATO?"
},
{
"answer": "burglar",
"question": "To what did the British general compare the USSR in his opposition to their joining NATO?"
}
] |
2,467 | In April 1954 Adenauer made his first visit to the USA meeting Nixon, Eisenhower and Dulles. Ratification of EDC was delaying but the US representatives made it clear to Adenauer that EDC would have to become a part of NATO. | [
{
"answer": "1954",
"question": "In what year did Konrad Adenauer first visit the United States?"
}
] |
2,468 | Memories of the Nazi occupation were still strong, and the rearmament of Germany was feared by France too. On 30 August 1954 French Parliament rejected the EDC, thus ensuring its failure and blocking a major objective of US policy towards Europe: to associate Germany militarily with the West. The US Department of State... | [
{
"answer": "France",
"question": "Which NATO country feared a unified and rearmed Germany?"
}
] |
2,469 | On 23 October 1954 – only nine years after Allies (UK, USA and USSR) defeated Nazi Germany ending World War II in Europe – the admission of the Federal Republic of Germany to the North Atlantic Pact was finally decided. The incorporation of West Germany into the organization on 9 May 1955 was described as "a decisive t... | [
{
"answer": "1954",
"question": "In which year was West Germany admitted to NATO?"
},
{
"answer": "Norway",
"question": "Halvard Lange was a minister of which NATO member?"
}
] |
2,470 | On 14 May 1955, the USSR and other seven European countries "reaffirming their desire for the establishment of a system of European collective security based on the participation of all European states irrespective of their social and political systems" established the Warsaw Pact in response to the integration of the ... | [
{
"answer": "May",
"question": "In which month of 1955 was this pact declared?"
}
] |
2,471 | One of the founding members, East Germany was allowed to re-arm by the Soviet Union and the National People's Army was established as the armed forces of the country to counter the rearmament of West Germany. | [
{
"answer": "East Germany",
"question": "Which nation was permitted rearmament by the foundation of the Warsaw Pact?"
},
{
"answer": "the National People's Army",
"question": "What was the name of the East German armed forces?"
}
] |
2,472 | The eight member countries of the Warsaw Pact pledged the mutual defense of any member who would be attacked. Relations among the treaty signatories were based upon mutual non-intervention in the internal affairs of the member countries, respect for national sovereignty, and political independence. However, almost all ... | [
{
"answer": "eight",
"question": "How many countries formed the initial Warsaw Pact membership?"
}
] |
2,473 | In July 1963 the Mongolian People's Republic asked to join the Warsaw Pact under Article 9 of the treaty. For this purpose a special protocol should have been taken since the text of the treaty applied only to Europe. Due to the emerging Sino-Soviet split, Mongolia remained on observer status. Soviet stationing troops ... | [
{
"answer": "1963",
"question": "In which year did Mongolia seek entry in the Warsaw Pact?"
},
{
"answer": "1966",
"question": "In which year were Soviet forces scheduled to leave Mongolia? "
}
] |
2,474 | For 36 years, NATO and the Warsaw Pact never directly waged war against each other in Europe; the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies implemented strategic policies aimed at the containment of each other in Europe, while working and fighting for influence within the wider Cold War on the inte... | [
{
"answer": "containment",
"question": "What was the focus of both alliances' policies towards the other in lieu of direct fighting?"
},
{
"answer": "Europe",
"question": "Which continent was considered to be at the center of NATO/Warsaw Pact intrigues?"
}
] |
2,475 | In 1956, following the declaration of the Imre Nagy government of withdrawal of Hungary from the Warsaw Pact, Soviet troops entered the country and removed the government. Soviet forces crushed the nationwide revolt, leading to the death of an estimated 2,500 Hungarian citizens. | [
{
"answer": "1956",
"question": "In which year did Hungary attempt to leave the Warsaw Pact?"
},
{
"answer": "Imre Nagy",
"question": "Who was the head of the Hungarian government at the time of the revolt?"
}
] |
2,476 | The multi-national Communist armed forces' sole joint action was the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in August 1968. All member countries, with the exception of the Socialist Republic of Romania and the People's Republic of Albania participated in the invasion. | [
{
"answer": "1968",
"question": "In which year was the Warsaw Pact activated in a joint action?"
},
{
"answer": "Czechoslovakia",
"question": "Which country did the Pact conquer?"
}
] |
2,477 | On 25 February 1991, the Warsaw Pact was declared disbanded at a meeting of defense and foreign ministers from remaining Pact countries meeting in Hungary. On 1 July 1991, in Prague, the Czechoslovak President Václav Havel formally ended the 1955 Warsaw Treaty Organization of Friendship, Cooperation, and Mutual Assista... | [
{
"answer": "Hungary",
"question": "In which country did Warsaw Pact officials meet to dissolve the alliance?"
},
{
"answer": "1989",
"question": "In which year did Romania overthrow its communist government?"
},
{
"answer": "36",
"question": "For how many years did the Warsaw Pact f... |
2,478 | On 12 March 1999, the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland joined NATO; Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, and Slovakia joined in March 2004; Albania joined on 1 April 2009. | [
{
"answer": "Albania",
"question": "Which former Eastern Bloc country was the latest to join NATO?"
},
{
"answer": "1999",
"question": "In which year did Poland join NATO?"
},
{
"answer": "2004",
"question": "In which year did Slovakia join NATO? "
}
] |
2,479 | In November 2005, the Polish government opened its Warsaw Treaty archives to the Institute of National Remembrance, who published some 1,300 declassified documents in January 2006. Yet the Polish government reserved publication of 100 documents, pending their military declassification. Eventually, 30 of the reserved 10... | [
{
"answer": "2005",
"question": "In which year did Poland declassify most of its Warsaw Pact-era archives?"
},
{
"answer": "70",
"question": "How many documents remain classified?"
},
{
"answer": "Seven Days to the River Rhine",
"question": "What was the name of the Warsaw Pact's pla... |
2,480 | Materialism is a form of philosophical monism which holds that matter is the fundamental substance in nature, and that all phenomena, including mental phenomena and consciousness, are identical with material interactions. | [
{
"answer": "a form of philosophical monism",
"question": "What is materialism?"
},
{
"answer": "matter",
"question": "In nature, this is an essential substance?"
}
] |
2,481 | Materialism is closely related to physicalism, the view that all that exists is ultimately physical. Philosophical physicalism has evolved from materialism with the discoveries of the physical sciences to incorporate more sophisticated notions of physicality than mere ordinary matter, such as: spacetime, physical energ... | [
{
"answer": "spacetime, physical energies and forces, dark matter",
"question": "What are some examples of philosophical physicalism?"
},
{
"answer": "Materialism",
"question": "Some people consider physicalism to be synonymous with what?"
}
] |
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